Preferred Securities Market Commentary
Transcription
Preferred Securities Market Commentary
Preferred Securities Market Update 3rd Quarter of 2015 The preferred securities market rose 0.05% on average this quarter amidst a rising bond market and a very volatile stock market. The BofA Merrill Lynch US Preferred Stock, Fixed Rate $25 Par Index (p0p1) rose 1.73% and the BofA Merrill Lynch US Capital Securities Index (c0cs) declined 1.29%. The difference between the retail and institutional performance again can be primarily explained by certain issues within the capital securities sector that have broken down from extension expectations rather than par call expectations. The average dollar price of the two hybrid sectors decreased $0.66 to close the period at $103.40; the average current yield increased from 6.10% to 6.17%; the average yield-to-worst spread relative to treasuries closed at 261 (36bps wider). The 10yrUS Treasury note yield declined by 27bps this quarter closing at 2.06%. The graph below highlights the price change on the custom benchmark (stb2 = 50% p0p1 + 50% c0cs) and the 10yr US Treasury note during the quarter: Review of July’s Investment Environment (p0p1 +1.62%; c0cs +0.06%): The performance backdrop in July was impacted by the transmission effects of declining commodity prices and the bond market’s focus on impending slow growth, which challenges policymakers around the developed world. In the US, Treasury bond prices A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 1 of 22 appeared to have made a triple bottom around mid-month, subsequently marching steadily upward to close July returning about 3.8% -- the yield declined to 2.93% on 30yr Treasures, which finished 17bps lower (yet 18bps higher for the year). The yield on the US Treasury 10yr note declined 12bps to 2.21%, which was 4bps higher than where it closed last year. The S&P 500 rose about 2.1% and almost made a new high, which compressed volatility to its low range (again) for the year. This combination of lower US Treasury rates and lower equity volatility positively impacted most fixed income classes in July, with the exception being the high yield sector. The junk market, measured by the Bank of America Merrill Lynch High Yield Index (h0a0), declined 0.62% to yield 6.91%. Financial credit (measured by Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s cf06 index) closed up 0.77% to yield 3.61% (down 9bps). Investment grade corporates (measured by Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s c7c0 index) rose 0.82% to yield 4.38% (down 7bps). The hybrid sector enjoyed the benefit of lofty treasury and equity prices. The Fixed Rate Preferred Securities Index (p0p1), which represents 70% of the retail $25 par market and 30% selected $1,000 par securities that are eligible for the DividendReceived-Deduction, increased by $1.26 (on a bond-adjusted basis) to close yielding 4.75% -- this yield was 3bps lower than last month and 29bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. The Bank of America Core Fixed Rate Preferred Securities Index (p0p2), which represents the core of the $25par market, increased by $1.79 to close yielding 4.94% -- this was 5bps lower than last month and 32bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. The Bank of America Merrill Lynch US Capital Securities Index (c0cs), which represents the broad institutional capital securities market, increased by $0.48 to close yielding 4.25% -- this was 2bps lower and 18bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. The performance attributions for investment grade hybrids this month are as follows: The institutional sector (measured by the c0cs index) rose by 0.06% The (mixed) fixed rate retail sector (measured by the p0p1 index) rose by 1.62% A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 2 of 22 The core fixed rate retail sector (measured by the p0p2 index) rose by 2.11% Our blended hybrid benchmark, (i.e., stb2 in the chart below = 50% c0cs / 50% p0p1) increased by $0.50 and its average coupon was unchanged at 6.35% -- its blended total return rose by 0.84% in July. The current yield of the benchmark stood still at 6.07%, but widened by 24bps relative to comparable treasuries (+248bps). The chart reflects the year to date path of the combined hybrid benchmark, which has been on a relatively accretive path compared to 10yr Treasury notes, which have been quite volatile. The core retail $25par sector (measured by p0p2) is 64bps cheaper than the institutional $1,000 par sector (measured by c0cs) -- this is generally 28bps more than average. The modified duration of the retail sector (8.5yrs) is 3.3yrs longer than the modified duration of the institutional sector (5.2yrs) – this differential is 0.5yrs shorter than it was last month which evidences some duration contraction that is typical of the retail sector when rates decline. The chart below shows the return paths of both sectors for the year: A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 3 of 22 Last month we noted that the US economy is moving beyond its 6 th year of expansion, which makes it now marginally longer than the length of the prior expansion (20012007) and more than 1yr longer than the average length of all post WWII expansions. Typically, expansions don’t just fizzle because they are getting too long but rather, expansions end because of financial friction. Often times this friction comes from forces that are not easily foreseen, for example, the sub-prime crisis and the Internet bubble. This time around those unforeseen forces are apt to be repercussions from the implosion of commodity prices, which took a further dive this month to levels that wind the commodity price clock back to 2002 with overall prices being off more than 60% from their early 2008 peak (please see the chart below): A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 4 of 22 What is remarkable about this Bloomberg commodity index measure (BCOM -- index of 22 exchange traded futures on physical commodities) is how it visually correlates to the path of GDP growth in China. Consequently, as the path of growth in China goes, so too does the price path for commodities. China’s growth slowing from more than 14% to “just” 7% (and declining) is functionally equivalent to a virtual recession, which explains the recent rate cuts in China. The country is still basically a secret society, but the record fall in its foreign exchange reserves over the past few months should be a beacon that capital flows are moving out. Indeed, it is peculiar that yuan positions with the People’s Bank of China have been declining, because China’s economic growth is still more than 3x the rest of the developed world. Perhaps, like corporate insiders, investors inside China know that something is wrong and that internal excess (that drove up the growth in internal demand along with asset prices) needs to be further filtered and re-priced – this trend does not bode well for a bottom in commodity prices quite yet. Slowing growth around the world exacerbated by massive and growing indebtedness has been a thematic investment backdrop of Spectrum’s for a couple of years now and A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 5 of 22 we are yet to see an end in sight. The implication of this expanding Great Moderation into a Greater (Global) Moderation is for policymakers to keep making bad policy that only encourages politicians to make more (and more) promises and print more (and more) fiat currency to buy less (and less) growth with more (and more) debt. For the time being, this should continue to prop the share markets and compel investors to buy against the confidence of more liquidity from central bankers. We saw only a brief pause in European equities this month due to Greece’s brinksmanship and US equities celebrated the Fed’s own game of kick-the-can as it delays the most talked about (merely symbolic) rate increase in a decade. Amidst the complacency, the market still has an invisible hand that can filter and process opinions quite well. In hybrids universe this month, the best performers were in the reinsurance group where merger momentum has driven up the preferred share prices of PartnerRe, which had hoped to merge with rival reinsurer Axis Capital Holdings only to be outbid by Italy’s Exor SpA along with its plan to give preferred holders a coupon increase or and upfront payment. The worst performers were in the step-up trust preferred utility sector in names like Integrys Energy and FPL Group where the prospective floating rate coupons do not appear onerous enough to compel the utilities to call them. Management’s trade-off of its moral obligation to the spirit of the deal (i.e., for management to call the issues when the coupon steps up a year or two from now) is similar to the re-pricing in certain insurance issues that we wrote about in our special report last April. Lincoln Insurance Group, just this month, made a point of telling investors on a conference call that it had entered into a swaps transaction to lock in a low fixed cost on its hybrids with the “current intent to hold them”. Of course, the primary reason for the company to leave these hybrids outstanding by doing this “back room deal” is to prove to S&P that it has no incentive to redeem the bonds and thus receive an extended equity credit from the rating agency. Besides the structural aspects to hybrids that, at the margin, can play into performance (sometimes positively and sometimes negatively, as the case may be), hybrids overall appear poised to do A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 6 of 22 well as the global economies grind along at a slow pace. The sovereign markets have led the way in July, recovering about 2/3rds of the ground they gave up in May and June. As deflation continues to challenge policy makers, its backdrop should continue to foster a positive “cushion-like” performance expectation for hybrids and preferred securities this year even if the Fed does raise rates like it says it will by yearend. Review of August’s Investment Environment (p0p1 +0.07%; c0cs -1.42%): The performance backdrop in August was staged again by the transmission effects of declining commodity prices, which are symptomatic of materially slower growth in China. The flare that brought this risk to the headlines was the first devaluation in China’s renminbi (RMB) in 21 years. In the US, Treasury bond prices marched steadily upward through most of the month and during the week that followed the 3% RMB devaluation, but then turned suddenly when China sold US Treasuries (more on this later) after the S&P 500 cracked -- the yield on the UST30yr finished up 1bp at 2.94%. The yield on the US Treasury 10yr note was unchanged at 2.21%. The S&P 500 sold off by 6.03% and volatility spiked to a high not seen since 2011 when the Eurozone sovereign debt trauma plagued the markets. The equity anxiety transmitted fear into the broader bond markets. The junk market, measured by the Bank of America Merrill Lynch High Yield Index (h0a0), declined 1.76% to yield 7.29% (up 38bps). Financial credit (measured by Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s cf06 index) closed down 0.41% to yield 3.77% (up 11bps). Investment grade corporates (measured by Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s c7c0 index) declined 0.69% to yield 4.50% (up 10bps). The total return of hybrid sector went in two different directions this month. The Fixed Rate Preferred Securities Index (p0p1), which represents 70% of the retail $25 par market and 30% selected $1,000 par securities that are eligible for the DividendReceived-Deduction, decreased by $0.51 (on a bond-adjusted basis) to close yielding 4.86% -- this yield was 8bps higher than last month and 7bps tighter on spread relative to treasuries. The Bank of America Core Fixed Rate Preferred Securities Index (p0p2), A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 7 of 22 which represents the core of the $25par market, decreased by $0.49 to close yielding 5.06% -- this was 9bps higher than last month and 11bps tighter on spread relative to treasuries. The Bank of America Merrill Lynch US Capital Securities Index (c0cs), which represents the broad institutional capital securities market, decreased by $2.07 to close yielding 4.59% -- this was 26bps higher and 19bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. The performance attributions for investment grade hybrids this month are as follows: The institutional sector (measured by the c0cs index) declined by 1.42% The (mixed) fixed rate retail sector (measured by the p0p1 index) rose by 0.07% The core fixed rate retail sector (measured by the p0p2 index) rose by 0.13% Our blended hybrid benchmark, (i.e., stb2 in the chart below = 50% c0cs / 50% p0p1) decreased by $1.18 and its average coupon was unchanged at 6.35% -- its blended total return declined by 0.67% in August. The current yield of the benchmark rose by 7bps to 6.14% and widened by 6bps relative to comparable treasuries (+259bps). The chart below reflects the year to date path of the combined hybrid benchmark (stb2), which had been on a relatively accretive path compared to 10yr Treasury notes until this summer’s flight-to-quality supported treasuries more than it hurt hybrids – the abrupt sell-off in the Treasury bond market the last week of August has broader implications for hybrids which is discussed later. A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 8 of 22 After rebalancing, the core retail $25par sector (measured by p0p2) is 80bps cheaper than the institutional $1,000 par sector (measured by c0cs) -- this is generally 44bps more than average. The modified duration of the retail sector (9.1yrs) is 3.7yrs longer than the modified duration of the institutional sector (5.4yrs) – this differential is 0.4yrs longer than it was last month, which evidences some duration extension that is typical of the declining optionality of the retail sector when prices decline. The chart below shows the return paths of both sectors for the year: A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 9 of 22 The notable drop in $25par prices came amidst the massive volatility in equity prices on August 24th, which we commented on in our special report titled “World War “D” where we discuss decelerating world growth and deflation risks: “The implication of this expanding Great Moderation into a Greater (Global) Moderation is for policymakers to keep making policy that only encourages politicians to make more (and more) promises and print more (and more) fiat currency to buy less (and less) growth with more (and more) debt. For the time being, this should continue to prop up the share markets -- which adore central bank interventions so much that they have been conditioned to expect it. We saw only a brief pause in European equities last month due to Greece’s brinksmanship and US equities celebrated the Fed’s own game of kick-the-can as it delays the most talked about (merely symbolic) rate increase in a decade. The Central Bank of China devaluing its currency and cutting rates (again this morning) keeps supportive global monetary actions in place and share markets satisfied. We expect this intervention process to further evolve and continue. Last month we noted that there is growing financial friction in the global economy, which is symptomatic of the decline in commodity prices, which in turn, is symptomatic of the steady decline in China’s growth. The chart below of the Bloomberg Commodity Index (BCOM) reminds us of the important global relevance of China and the correlation of its GDP growth to commodity prices: A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 10 of 22 We commented on the record fall in China’s foreign exchange reserves over the past few months and that this should be a beacon that capital flows are moving out. We postulated that like corporate insiders, investors inside China must know that something is wrong and that internal excess needed to be further filtered and re-priced – the surprise to the markets was China’s decision to re-price or devalue the RMB. This sent massive shock waves through the share markets causing the S&P 500 to plummet and its volatility index (VIX) to soar above 50 for its single biggest 1-day vault in its history. Markets despise negative surprises, especially one that has a ghost that haunted markets in 1994 when China devalued by 30%: A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 11 of 22 This ultimately compelled other regional economies to devalue their currencies too which ignited the Asian Currency Crisis three years later. Once markets and economies adjusted, it set off an industrial revolution in China where its GDP growth (led by very cheap exports) zoomed under the devalued peg: Of course, after a long economic boom after Y2K, the world’s trading partners began to complain, which compelled China to create a “managed float” in 2005 that gradually allowed the “market” to appreciate its currency (e.g., the USD used to buy 8.0 RMB, but it declined to buying 6.0 RMB by 2014). There was upside to the US (besides the obvious disinflationary consumer benefits) in having cheap exports from China – the US A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 12 of 22 has been able to sell more and more debt at higher and higher prices as China’s export revenue gets recycled into a massive pool of foreign currency reserves to support the RMB: China has surpassed Japan as the largest holder of US Treasury securities holding over $1.26 trillion (or $2.5 trillion between the 2 nations). For the benefit of the global economy, China’s economic miracle has been a US fiscal spending enabler – both, in partnership with the US Federal Reserve Bank (i.e., its $4.7 trillion balance sheet). The Chinese authorities have stated that its RMB devaluation this month is a “one-time fix”; and they have assured the other members of the G-20 that China will “refrain from competitive devaluations to gain a trade advantage.” But leaving a currency “peg” is generally no different than leaving a currency “gold standard” when sellers demand a unit of the peg in exchange for the currency. Whether the peg is an ounce of gold or a US dollar, the outcome is the same – the central bank has to sell (or deliver) its reserves to “defend” (or honor) the exchange. When influenced by the powerful macro backdrop of the “currency wars” that we have discussed over the months, the more likely trend for the RMB is down given China’s desire for a free-market based exchange rate, its slowing growth plane and desired RMB reserve currency status. China would not be devaluing along this trend to necessarily “gain a trade advantage”, but rather it A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 13 of 22 would be devaluing to satisfy the exchange demands of over 1 billion people able to move capital around the world seeking higher investment returns. This reminds us (albeit, a bit in extreme) of when Great Britain was forced to leave the gold standard in the early 1930’s because investors sold pounds in exchange for gold under the logic of trouble being afoot for its economic interests in Europe – eventually Great Britain ran out of gold. China is seeing a somewhat similar internal situation of economic trouble and demand for its peg (i.e., capital flight), but rather than the central bank delivering gold, it has to deliver US dollars (among other currency perhaps). Indeed, the RMB was for sale in August after the (surprise) devaluation and the Chinese authorities had to sell its reserves to defend the desired bandwidth on its peg – a big part of the sold reserves were German bunds and US long bonds. This was atypical of the “flight-toquality” that usually benefits the Treasury bond market when equity prices plummet. The result was a sudden and significant drop in US long bond prices and a rise in the value of the US dollar (and the Euro). The bottom line is that the transmission effects of falling commodity prices and slower growth in China are beginning to push back against the desired economic benefits of quantitative easing – which will likely lead to more quantitative easing and continued bouts of volatility. It is becoming increasingly possible that next year (after just 1 rate hike this year) the Fed starts to buy long bonds again with a 4th round of quantitative easing to defend against rising risks of declining growth. The implication on the hybrid preferred markets (against the backdrop of choppy yet persistently low longer term deflated UST yields) is for nominal hybrid yields to decline and spreads to grind tighter and as quality investment yields become scarcer amidst the friction of this the Greater (Global) Moderation paradigm. Hiccups along the way (such as the case is now) foster buying opportunities in hybrids. For example, 10yr UST rates are basically unchanged since the beginning of the year, but the volatility in the S&P 500 has preferred yields (4.59%) 15bps cheaper since January. We have warned that volatility fits are likely as the global expansion matures and is prompted along by A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 14 of 22 intermittent policymaking. But rather than sell hybrids when prices misbehave, we continue to believe that investors will be well served to buy the dips as supplemental income opportunities are likely to grow scarcer and scarcer as the global battles against deflation persist for some time yet. Review of September’s Investment Environment (p0p1 +0.03%; c0cs +0.08%): The performance backdrop to hybrids in September was complicated by the indecision by the Fed and the macro concerns that led to a cascade in high yield market. US Treasury bond prices rallied this month to recover just about all the sector’s losses from last month’s selling by the Central Bank of China, primarily. The UST30yr bond finished 6bps lower at 2.88%. The US Treasury 10yr note yield declined by 14bps to 2.06%. The S&P 500 lost 2.47%, but volatility declined in the process. Much of the anxiety in the energy sector caused the high yield market find a new low for the year. The junk market, measured by the Bank of America Merrill Lynch High Yield Index (h0a0), declined 2.59% to yield 8.08% (up 78bps). Financial credit (measured by Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s cf06 index) closed up 0.82% to yield 3.63% (down 11bps). Investment grade corporates (measured by Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s c7c0 index) rose 0.57% to yield 4.49% (down 6bps). The total return of the general hybrid sector was certainly aided by the coupon this month as prices faded a bit, but not enough to offset income. The Fixed Rate Preferred Securities Index (p0p1), which represents 70% of the retail $25 par market and 30% selected $1,000 par securities that are eligible for the Dividend-Received-Deduction, decreased by $0.53 (on a bond-adjusted basis) to close yielding 5.04% -- this yield was 15bps higher than last month and 33bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. The Bank of America Core Fixed Rate Preferred Securities Index (p0p2), which represents the core of the $25par market, decreased by $0.49 to close yielding 5.31% -- this was 21bps higher than last month and 42bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. The Bank of America Merrill Lynch US Capital Securities Index (c0cs), which represents the A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 15 of 22 broad institutional capital securities market, decreased by $0.46 to close yielding 4.31% -- this was 1bps higher and 10bps wider on spread relative to treasuries. Please note that the index yields reflect only the monthly changes and that rebalancing can change the index yield to start the new month. The performance attributions for investment grade hybrids this month are as follows: The institutional sector (measured by the c0cs index) rose by 0.08% The (mixed) fixed rate retail sector (measured by the p0p1 index) rose by 0.03% The core fixed rate retail sector (measured by the p0p2 index) rose by 0.09% Our blended hybrid benchmark, (i.e., stb2 in the chart below = 50% c0cs / 50% p0p1) decreased by $0.51 against an average coupon of 6.38% -- its blended total return improved by 0.05% in September. The current yield of the benchmark rose by 3bps to 6.17%. The benchmark’s yield-to-worst (YTW) closed at 4.67 for a spread of +261bps of comparable treasuries (21bps wider than last month). The chart below reflects the year to date path of the combined hybrid benchmark (stb2), which had been on a relatively accretive path compared to 10yr Treasury notes. The treasury market has had about a 6.5% return range so far this year while the hybrid sector has had a 4% range. Treasuries spent a little time underwater this summer, but have since rallied to come back to meet the total return of the hybrid market which has spent all of 2015 in positive territory. A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 16 of 22 After rebalancing, the core retail $25par sector (measured by p0p2) is 96bps cheaper than the institutional $1,000 par sector (measured by c0cs) -- this is generally 60bps more than average. The modified duration of the retail sector (8.8yrs) is 3.3yrs longer than the modified duration of the institutional sector (5.5yrs) – this differential is 0.4yrs shorter than it was last month, which evidences some duration contraction in the $25par market this month. The chart below highlights the investment grade capital securities sector (c0cs) and the contingent convertible (coco) sector:: A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 17 of 22 The capital securities sector came under pressure from 2 areas: 1) the legacy enhanced equity step-up capital securities of the insurance sector and 2) the contingent convertible (coco) sector. The step-up sector underperformance in certain insurance names is a function of insurance managements taking aggressive advantage of the US corporate tax law, in our opinion, by swapping out the floating rate payments coming up soon for fixed rate payments and in doing so, extending another 20 years of equity credit from S&P that are tax deductible. These actions have forced prices to decline to relatively steep discounts, which create a rather unique buying opportunity – here we would expect prices to rise if rates rise. On the CoCo side, the sector has been under pressure since June, basically performing in sympathy with a choppy and volatile banking equity sector. CoCos have also suffered from some selling out of high yield accounts as this sector has been under enormous pressure over the past few months (many high yield funds own CoCos as an alpha allocation to the their traditional mandates). On a broader basis, performance suppressed this month by the overhang of uncertainty from the US Fed, more global growth uncertainty and commensurate volatility. We commented last month on volatility in special report titled “World War “D” (the “D” stands for deflation) where we said: “We have warned that volatility fits are likely as the global expansion matures and is prompted along by intermittent policymaking. But rather than sell hybrids when prices misbehave, we continue to believe that investors will be well served to buy the dips as supplemental income opportunities are likely to grow scarcer and scarcer as the global battles against deflation persist for some time yet.” The markets were under a spell of great rates anticipation in September. Indeed, conflicting opinions over what the Fed will do on rates and how its rationale will read has been a toilsome game of “cat & mouse” all year long. The Fed inserted new language into its July minutes (disclosed this month) to talk about the pressure on inflation: A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 18 of 22 Recent global economic and financial developments may restrain economic activity somewhat and are likely to put further downward pressure on inflation in the near term…The Committee continues to see the risks to the outlook for economic activity and the labor market as nearly balanced but is monitoring developments abroad. The “downward pressure on inflation” is Fed-speak for deflation – when the air runs out of your car’s tire, do you say that there is downward pressure on inflation or that your tire is deflating? Slowing growth around the world and the beginning sparks of financial friction stemming from the commodity slump are compelling the Fed governors to be more dovish. The compression in the Fed’s DOT report pictures story of a Committee slowly conceding its elevated expectations. A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 19 of 22 The Fed expects inflation (measures by the PCE; graphed below) “to remain near its recent low level in the near term, but the Committee expects inflation to rise gradually toward 2% over the medium term as the labor market improves further and the transitory effects declines in energy and import prices dissipate.” Interestingly, when referring to the declines in energy, the word “earlier” was struck which implies that the Fed believes that energy prices are apt to stay low or go even lower. The Committee now appears to recognize that declines in commodity prices and the risks to the US economy cannot be referred to in the past tense, but rather, these risks are ongoing. The implications to the hybrid preferred markets are consistent with what we have been discussing throughout the year – contained rates risk, periods of volatility and demand for hybrid yield persisting. There is an increasing amount of friction playing into the global economy as the Greater (Global) Moderation becomes entrenched. More central bank intervention (or delayed rates normalization) is likely to create more volatility risks along the way. By the end of the September, the volatility in the S&P 500 has pushed preferred yields 23bps higher (to 4.67%) since January, even though the UST10yr note A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 20 of 22 yield is 11bps lower (from 2.17%). We have warned that volatility fits are likely as the global expansion matures and global currency wars persist. But, rather than sell hybrids when prices decline, we continue to believe that investors will be well served to buy the dips as supplemental income opportunities are likely to grow scarcer and scarcer as the global battles against deflation persists. Phil Jacoby CIO, Spectrum Asset Management October 9, 2015 Addendum: IPO notables in July: 1. JP Morgan Chase (Baa3/BBB-/BBB) issued $1.15 billion of $25par noncumulative 6.15% fixed rate AT1 perpetual preferred stock 2. Charles Schwab Corp (Baa2/BBB/BBB) issued $600 million of $25par noncumulative 6.00% fixed rate AT1 perpetual preferred stock A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 21 of 22 IPO notables in August: 1. Southern California Edison (Baa1/BBB-/BBB+) issued $375 million of $25par non-cumulative 5.375% 10yr fixed-to-floating rate perpetual preferred stock 2. Capital One Financial (Baa3/BB/BB) issued $500 million of $25par noncumulative 6.20% fixed rate AT1 perpetual preferred stock 3. Digital Realty Trust (Baa3/nr/BB+) issued $250 million of $25par cumulative 6.35% fixed rate perpetual preferred stock 4. Dairy Farmers (Baa3/nr/nr) issued $75 million of $100par non-cumulative 7.00% fixed rate perpetual preferred stock 5. UBS Group (nr/BB/BB+) issued $1.575 billion of 6.875% 10yr fixed-to-floating rate contingent convertible AT1 perpetual jr. sub debt 6. RBS Group (nr/B/BB-) issued $2.0 billion of 7.5% 5yr fixed-to-floating rate contingent convertible AT1 perpetual jr. sub debt 7. RBS Group (nr/B/BB-) issued $1.15 billion of 8.0% 10yr fixed-to-floating rate contingent convertible AT1 perpetual jr. sub debt 8. BNP (Ba1/BB+/BBB-) issued $1.5 billion of 7.375% 10yr fixed-to-floating rate contingent convertible AT1 perpetual jr. sub debt IPO notables in September: 1. Qwest Corp (Baa3/nr/BBB-) issued $410 million of $25par sr. secured 6.625% fixed rate baby bonds due 9/15/2055 2. Wells Fargo (Baa2/BBB/BBB) issued $1 billion of $25par non-cumulative 6.0% fixed rate AT1 perpetual preferred stock 3. Societe’ Generale’ (Ba2/BB+/nr) issued $1.25 billion of contingent convertible AT1 8% 10yr fixed-to-variable perpetual jr. subordinated debt 4. Intesa SanPaolo (Ba3/B+/BB-) issued $1.0 billion of contingent convertible AT1 7.7% 10yr fixed-to-variable perpetual jr. subordinated debt Spectrum Asset Management, Inc. is a leading manager of institutional and retail preferred securities portfolios. A member of the Principal Financial Group® since 2001, Spectrum manages institutional portfolios for an international universe of corporate, insurance and endowment clients, mutual funds distributed by Principal Funds Distributor, Inc., and preferred securities separately managed account solutions distributed by Principal Global Investors, Inc. A member of the Principal Financial Group® Page 22 of 22