영문요약(English Summary)
Transcription
영문요약(English Summary)
口 영 문요약 ( Engl i shSummar y) St raw i n Korean RuralLi f e Thebeg i nni ngofagr i c ul t ur el nKor eac anbet r ac e dbackt ot hel at eNe di t hi cer a. Ri c ec ul t i vat i onwasver yac t i veandwi des pr eadpar hc ul ar l yi nt hes out her npaπoft he peni ns ul a Dr yf i e l dc ul t i vah onwa s ,howe ver ,s t i l lama j orf ar mi nga c t i vi t yi nt henor t her n panoft hePer unS ul apr oduc i nggr amsl i keI t al i anmi l l et ,bar nyar dgr as s ,Chi nes emi l l et , et c .Thi sp ahe r nofa gr I C ul t ur ala c t i v l t i e s ,l e,dr y f i el dc ul t i vat i oni nt henor t handr i c e cul t i vat i oni nt hes out h,cont j r ul edt ot hepr es entont hepeni ns ul a. St r a wi st hes t aI kl ef tbehi ndaf t e rwi nn。wi nggr a m.Ther ea r ev ar i oust ype sofs t r awl i k e r i ces t r aw,bar l eys t r a w,wheats t r aw,andmi l l etS t r aw.St r awhasbeenaver ys i gni f i c ant mat er i alf orhumanl i vel i hood.I ti snothar dt oi magi newhatwast hemat er i aloft he dugoutmudhutbul l tbyanc i e ntpeopl e s .Thef or m。ft het oi l e t swh i c hs t i l lr ema i nson Kang ul aI s l an dort hek i mc h’ is t or a g ear e awhI C hr ema i ni nt hemi ddl epanofKor eas t i l l c onv e yve qIpdr T 1 i t i v ec ons t r uc t i onme t hods .The s epl ac e swe r ebui l twi t hf r a me sofs e ve r a l l og sc l i ngi ngt oe a c hot he ra ndc ov e r edwi t ht hat c hWec ane a s i l yi ma g I net hatpeopl e woul dc ov ert heg r oundwi t hs t r a wormor ee I a bor a t es t r a wma t si ft he ywant edt ol i vei n t hem . Thi snat ur ei st hemos ti mpor t antc har ac t er i s t i cofs t r awc ul t ur e Ever yc r af ti t em ha s changedanddevel opeda st i mehaspa s s edi nhi s t or y.I ti sagener alphenomenont hata pr of e s s l 。naIc r af t mandeve l opst ec hni c aIsk i l l sf oreac hi t em t 。i mpr ovel t sc ommer ci al val ue.Weca nnotf i ndt hi st r end,however ,i ns hawc 비t ur eI ts t i l lmai nt al nsas i mpl eand pl ai npdmi t i vequan t y Apnmar yr ea s 。nf ort hI Spr i mi hvequal i t yi sbec aus es hawi t ems har dl ybec amec ommer c i algoods . Ofc our s e,note v er ypl a c eha sal otofs t r aw.Pe opl ei nm。unt a i nar e asora l ongt he s ea c oa s th adt omak et hes ef ar mi ngt ool swi t hs t r a ws uppl eme nt e dwi t h。t hermat er i a l s l i k ebus hc l overs ki ns ,ar r owr oot s ki ns ,s edges t al ks ,r ami es ki ns ,c at t al l s( gr as s ) ,et c. Al mos teve r ybodyc oul de as i l yma kes t r a wg oodswhe nheors hel e a r neds e ve r als k i l l s , andst r aw i t sel fwast hemostabundantandval uel es smat er I ali nr ur alKor ea These 21O c h a r a c t e r i s t i c sofs t r a wc ul t u r ewe r epa s sd。wnt ou sa saun i quec ul t ur a lh e r i t ag ewhi c hi s d l f f e r en tf r omot h e rc ul t u r a lt r e a s ur e s .Be c au s eoft h ev e r yuni que n e s sofs t r a wc ul t ur e ,i t appeal st oust oday. Sha wc ul t ur ewa st hepr odu c toft hepe opl e ,wh owe r epooran doppr e s s ed.I twa sa t r a g i cc ul t ur ema deoft hes t r a wl ef twi t hKor ea nt e nantf a r mer saf t e rt heyhadgi ve nup mo s t。ft heg r a i nt h e yh a dg r 。wnt opr i vi I e ge dl a nd l or dswh omon。pol I z e dt h el i mn ed a r a bl el and I ti spr oba bl yf a i rt os a yt ha ts ha wc ul t u r ei sav i V I de v l de nc eoft hes t r ugg l e f ors ur vi va loft heK。r e ar 1pe opl e.Thi si sa l s oac ha r a c t er i s t i cofs t r a wc ul t ur e. Whe nf a r me r spu tg r a i na wa ya f t e rt hef al lha r ve s t ,t h e yt h e ns pr e a dt h egr a i nov e rt he r r l ong s ok( s t r a wma t )f ordr yi ng.Thedr i edgr a i nt he nwa sputl nt hes or n( r i c es ac k)or r ny ok s or i ( l ar ge rnc eba g) .Themy ok s onwasa l s oc al l e dt her ny ok t a e gi ,r ne c k,or r n y ok l a e ng ’ Ide pe ndi n gupont her e g 1 。nThI Sl a r g er i c eba gwa swo v e nwi t hv e r yt hi n, t wi s t eds t r awr ope sWI t hs har pedgesbyi ns er hngs ever alpi ec esofs t r awi nt ot hes t r a w r ope sThi sl ar g eba gus ua l l yc ont a i ne dmoort hr e es or n( ones or nequal s5. 1 2U. S. bus he l s )ofr i c e.The s ewer ei mpor t ants t or agec 。nt a i ne r sunt i lt hei nt r oduc t i onof ma c hi newovens t r a wba g si nt heJ apane s ec ol oni a lper i od.Me anwhi l e,as mal lamount。f gr ai nwass t or e di nt het unggl um ( as mal ls haw bag) ,al s oc al l edt unggumok,pongs aegi ,or t ung gunide pe ndi ngupont her e gl On.Thet ung gl i miwe r et h emos twi de l yus e ds t or ag e ba g swi t hr oundbot t om a ndade pt hofonej a( 0. 33m)l eng t hThe r ewe r es ome va r i at i onsofmat er i al ss uc hasbr ownbus hcl 。vers ki ns ,ami xt ur eofs t r awandc ol or ed c l ot ht a pesf orde s i gns ,orad。ubl el a yerofs t r awr ope sf orl t sdur a bi l i t y Whe npeopl ewant edt og r oundg r ai nwi t hgnnds t one st h e ypl a c edar na t pang s ok ( s t r a wmatf ort heg r i nds t one)unde r ne at hThe ys t or edt hebes ts e edsi nas mal l Is t r a w ba gc a l l edas s i o j a e ng’ if ornex ty e a r ’ spl ant i ngAl t houghma dei nv ar i ouss hape s ,t he m。s tt yPI C als hapeofas s l Oj aeng’ iwasas mals t r aws 。m.Ther ei ss t l l Iani nt er es t i ng pr 。v e r bi nvol vi ngt hi ss s i O l ae ng’ li nKor ea,“H。I dont oy ours S l Oj aeng ’ ia syourPI l l ow eveni fyous t ar vet 。deat h, ”and“As s i oj aeng’ is ur vi ve deve nt hec 。l des twi nt eri ns even y e ar s ”Bot hpr 。ve r bsr e f I e c tt hei mpor t an c eoft hes s i o l ae ng’ Il nt hea gr i c ul t ur a ls oc i et yThes s i 。j aeng ’ iwa sal s ous eda sat al i s mant opr e v entml s f 。r t uneCh。l l l apr ovi nc e pe。pl ebel i evedt hatmi s f or t unewoul dgoawa yi foneputone’ sc oi nsi nt ot hr ees s i oj aeng’ i andputt hebagsunderabr i dgeont heni ghtofJanuar y15t h。ft heLunarc al endar .The 211 s s i oj aeng’ iwasal s oas yr nboiofl ows t at usbec aus es s i O] aeng’ iputundert hebr i dgewer e us ual l ypi ckedupbybe ggar sandus edf orbeggi ng.The r ewasal s oacus t om ofput t i ng t hebodesofbabi e swhodI edf r om l nf ec housdi s e as esi ns s i oj aeng l Sandhangl ngi nt r ees Pr obabI yt hl Sc amef r om not i ont hatvi l l a ge r sc oul dpr eventf ur t herl nf ec t i onf r om di s e as e bys a c r I f i c i ngt hebodi esofdeadbabl est ot heghos toft hedi s eas e-Somef amI I i eswhi ch us ual l yhadf ew。rnoc hi l dr en,e vennamedt hei rnewbabi esaso j aeng’ 1 ,pr obabl yi n hopesevi ls pi r i t swoul dpas st hem overas“dead” I naddi t i on,numer oust o。l swer emadeofs t r aw.Thet oks okwasawi nt erbl anketf or c owsThec hi ppang s okwasus edasamatf 。rki t c henut ens i l sorwomen.TheTot r e pangs okwasac overf ort hekI I nch’ ij ar .Thepunmangwasac over i ngf orac ow’ sm。ut h. Thes anl t ’ aegi( t nangul arc ar r i er ) ,andt hec ow’ sm。ut h Thes amt ’ aegi( t r i anguI l arc amer ) , andt her nangt ’ a eg i( ne ts t y l ebag)we r eal s omadeofs t r aw I ti sha r dl ya nex a gg er at i on t hatt hef ar mer sl i veds ur r oundedbys t r aw Andt hes et ool swer eal lf ar mt ookwhi chwer e r equi r e df oragr i c ul t ur e Amongt hes et o。l s ,t hemong s okt 。okaunI queands i gnI f l c antme ani ng.Onemayc al li t ak i ndofpor t abl er es i denc e.Thes amepr i nc i pl ec anbeappl l edt ot heKor eanpo j agi( a s ma l lwr a ppi ng디ot h)。ri bu j ar i( bedc l 。t hesc ons i s t edofmat t r es sandaqui l t ) .Wher everi t wasunf ol ded,t hem。ngs okbe c ameas pac ef orpI a ysorf es t i val s -ThI Sr ol ei swel lr ef 1 ec t ed I nt heKor eanpr over b-“l Uhent hemongs oki sunf 。l de d,peopl epayat t ent i onandevena f 1 tofhy s t er i as t 。ps”Thi ss a yl ngc onveyst hen。t i ont hatal lt hedr amat i cevent s ,l nc l udi ng j oy ousaswel lass adevent s ,t ookpl ac e。nt heunf ol dedmongs ok.Fori ns t anc e,event s l i k et he6Ot hbI r t hda yf e s t i v i t i e s ,s ha manr i ma I s ,f une r a l s ,oryut non( ag ame)wer eal ldone ont her r l ongs ok Themongs okwasus ual l yunf ol dedi nt hemaI ny ar d Theevent shappenl ngoni twer e 。penandcommunalbynat ur e.ThI Si sac har ac t er I S t i coft hemongs okc ul t ur e Cont e mpor a r yKor e ansof t enc ompl ai nt ha tKor e anpe opl e ’ sr i t ua l sa r en。tS Oa us t e r eand f or malandt o。noi s y.Pr obabl yt hi sc ompl ai ntor i gi nat edf r 。m t henat ur e。ft hemongs ok c ul t ur e.Bec aus ei twasac ul t ur ewhi chopene dt hegat ewi del y,i nvi t I ngever ybodyt 。j oi n t h ee ve nti ns t e ad。ft hequi e tandc l os e dmee t l ng sofal i mi t e dnumbe rofpeopl el l keas h a p pe n st od a y .Ast hemong s okdi s a ppe r e df r 。mourl i ve s ,m。ng s okc ul t u r ea I s ode c l i ne d. I ti sr e g r e t f u lt h a tourl i v i ngp a ne r ni sa l s 。c h an g i ngf r omac 。mr r u ma l ,ope n,a nd 212 cooper at l veonet 。anI ndl vi dual i s t i c,c l 。s edone. Me anwhi l e,s t r awa l s oheI dani mpor t antpos i t i oni nKor eanf ol kr el i gi 。naswor s hi pof t henc es pi m Thi sr i c eS PI r i twor s hi p,whi chi sa’ br anchoft hegr ai ns pi r i tw。r s hi p,was r o。t edi nKor e anf ol kl or ei nvar i 。usf or msr n。r et hans ever alt hous andyea r s -I nas ens e, al mos te ver yf ol kbel i efwasr el at edt os t r aw.Ther ear es t r ongt r ac esofr i c es pi r i twor s hI P i nal lt heabundant har ves t w。r s hi pr i t ua l si nJanuar ys uc hast het ug。f war ,mo。n vi ewi ng,l ant er nhangl ng,ander ec t I ngas t ackofr i c es t r a waswel last he hous es pi r i t wor s hi pr i t ual s . An。t herexampl ei st hes ams hi n( t hr eegodsgover ni ngc hl l dbi r t h)wor s hi pc us t 。ms whi c har ecl os e l l yr el at edt oc hI l dbi r t h-Reg ar dl es sofr egl Ons ,t hef I ooroft her oom of chi l dbi r t hwasc ov er edwi t hs t r aw.Ri c es t r awwasmai nl yus ed,butbar l eys t r awwasal s o us edonChe j uI s l and,andmi l l ets t r awi nt heP’ yonganPr OVl nc ear eaThec our tevenhad as peci alof f i c eri nc har geofs t r aw att het i me。fchi l dbi r t hI nt hepal ac e.Thi sof f i c ert i ed t hes t r awus edf orc hi l l dbl r t hbyt hequeenorr oyalc onc ubi newi t har eds t r i ngandhungI t 。nt hedoorf ors evendaysThes t r awt henwaswor s hi ppedwi t hs i l ver ,r l c e,andS I l k t hr eadandt henr emovedt oas acr edpl ac e.ThI Scus t om gr ewf r 。m not i 。nt hats t r aw had amagI C alpowerf 。rs af edel i ver y,heal t h,a ndl 。ngevi t y St r aw cul t ur ei s ,howe ver ,dec l i ni ngf a s t -Cul t ur ef 1 。wsandc hanges -Onemi ghtvi ew af f ec t i 。nf 。rt hec us t omsoft heoI df eudals 。ci et yasbac k war dl 。。k i ng,s ent i ment al beha vi ori nt hi si ndus t naIs oc i et yI tmi ghts eem ver ydI s or i ent edandunr eal i s t i cI nt hi s dr amat i c al l yc hang i ngs 。c i et y Wec annot ,however ,c utof fourmot s -St r aw c ul t ur ewast hecul t ur albas eonwhi chl ay t hes t r onges tl at entpowerofKor eanpeopl e.I twasc r eat e dt het hr ought enac i 。uss t r uggl es oft hepe。pl eagai ns tt heoppr es s i vef euda ls t r uc t ur eandunendI ngexpI on at i on-Thi sS PI nt ofs t r uggl er ef l ec t edi ns t r a wc uI t ur eI St hei nval uabl eher i t agewhi c hI Sal way sr ealf orusas wel i vet hr 。ught hi sdi f f i c ul tandchal l er 1 gl nger a. 213