A NEW COWRY OF THE CRIBRARIA GROUP Cypraea

AN EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATION OF THE HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
A NEW COWRY OF THE CRIBRARIA GROUP
Cypraea haddnightae Trenberth, 1973
The recentdiscoveryofa new memberof the
Cribraria group of cowriesin South Australia,
and its subsequentdescriptionin the publication
of the MalacologicalSocietyof South Australia
by W. P. Trenberth, is significant news.Shells
of the Cribraria group, although small, are in
my opinion among the most beautiful conchologicallyr~lated in the genus.
In order of their original descriptionsmembers of the group are: Cypraea cribraria
Linne, 1758; c. cumingii Sowerby,1832; C.
esentropia Duclos, 1833; c. gashoini Reeve,
1846; c. cribellum Gaskoin, 1849; c.
fischeri Vayssiere, 1910; C. catholicorum
Schilder-Schilder,1938; and c. haddnightae
Trenberth, 1973.
Cypraea cribraria is found over the entire
Indo-Pacific.The individual ranges'of the other
membersof the group, so far as I know, do not
by c. M. I Patl BURGESS
being the recorded western extent of their
ranges. Cypraea gaskoini is confined to the
Hawaiian chain. Fiji is included in my monograph - but the cowrie responsiblefor this
extensionof rangeof C. gaskoini has sincebeen
identified as C. fischeri. Cypraea haddnightae
is the only memberof the group reportedfrom
'southwest WesternAustralia, where c. cribraria has not beenreported. So C. gaskoini, C.
haddnightae, C. esontropia and C. cribellum
are the only speciesin the group whoseranges
arenot alsooccupiedby C. cribraria, asfar as I
know.
The discoveryof Cypraea haddnightae extends the range of the group to the southern
coast of Western Australia.
The Cribraria Group - Left to right, Cypraea
This new cowrie,although closelyresembling
cribraria, C. cumingii, C. esontropia, C. gashoini, C. cribellum, C. fischeri, C. catholi- c. cribraria, can be separatedfrom it by the
f Cont'd on Page 41
corum and C. haddnightae.
overlap exceptfor C. cribellum and c. esontropia which are found togetheron Mauritius.
Cypraea cribellum is also found on Reunion.
Cypraeafischeri has beenlive collectedin Fiji
by Dieilev Thaanumand by myselfin American
Samoa.Theseislandsare severalhundred miles
apart and no doubt the specieshas been collected by others betweenthese points.*
Cypraea catholicorum is known from New
Britain, New Hebrides, and New Caledonia.
Malaita Island especially has the cowrie in
moderatenumbers. Cypraea cumingii occurs
in easternPolynesia,Cook and Jarvis Islands
Page 2
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
June. 1974
REEFCOMBINGS
HAWAIIAN
MALACOLOGICAL
(Founded in 1941)
SOCIETY
P. O. Box 10391
Honolulu Hawaii 96816
President
Vice President
Treasurer
Recording Secretary
Corresponding Sec.
STUART LILLICO
OLIVE SCHOENBERG
ROBERT PURTYMUN
INKIE SHIELDS
. LORETTA RICHERT
Directors
DR. THOMAS BURCH
FRANCIS HEE
GEORGE COOK
ELMER G. LEEHMAN
E. R. CROSS
DR. TOM RICHERT
DEANE GONZALEZ
CHARLES S. WOLFE
DONALD GRACE
The Society meets the first Wednesday of
each month at the First United Methodist
Church, 1020 S. Beretania St., Honolulu at
7:30 p.m.
VISITORS WELCOME!
~4l(taitale Sleett ~4
Editor-in-Chief
""""""""""""
E. R. CROSS
Editors
STUART LILLICO, RUTH FAIR
Editorial Staff:
Elmer Leehman, Lyman Higa,
Genevieve Wheeler, Beatrice Burch
Corresponding Editors:
Peter van Pel,
Dr. J. C. Astary, A. G. Hamlyn-Harris,
Fr. AI Lopez S.J., Thora Whitehead,
William E. Old, Jr., Rick Luther
This is a reminder that the American Malacological Union will hold its fortieth annual
meeting August 4 to 7 in Springfield, Massachusetts. The Connecticut Valley Shell Club
and the Springfield Museum of Science are
hosts.
The Western Society of Malacologists meet
June 19 to 22 at Pomona, California. In addition to a program of symposia, papers and business, arrangements have been made to open the
mollusk department of the I..os Angeles County
Museum of Natural History for a tour of research facilities and the reference collection.
And finally, let us not forget the Conchologists of America convention at Seattle,
-June 13 to 16.
*
*
*
How do you show off your shells, casual.
like? Several members
have responded
to
Fran Wright's question
in the February issue.
Esther
Atkins,
of
Pasadena, sent this
photo of wind chimes
assembled from drift.
wood, cone shells,
olives, sand dollars and
shark vertebra found
bleaching on the beach
of the ~ea of Cortez.
She remarked, incidentally, that the water
was cold and that snorkelling was a chilly ex.
perience. Around La Paz, their party found very
few shells.
*
*
*
The mail recently brought a request from
Academia Sinica in Peking, the prestigeous
scientific organization, for copies of Hawaiian
$hell News on an exchange basis. It is the So.
ciety's first official contact with Mainland
China.
*
*
*
They may not be as glamorous as golden
Hawaiian
Shell News is issued free to members of the Society. Postage rates have been
computed
and added to membership
dues.
Single
copies
of any issue, $1.00, postage
included.
Individual
copies of any issue may
be obtained,
free of charge,
by qualified
individuals
for bona fide research
projects.
cowries, but the Littorina have a place, too. A
symposium
on "Taxonomic
Trends
in the
MEMBERSHIP DUES:
U.S. (Includes Hawaii, APO, FPO) ..$ 8.00
U.S. AIR (incl. Canada)
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tional membership,
Articles of interest
solicited.
Advertisements are
$10 per column inch
are available for six
to shell collectors
are
accepted at the rate of
per issue. Special rates
and twelve insertions.
Littorinidae"
at the Royal Scottish Museum
Edinburgh
"an informal
all workers
tropods.."
in
recently endorsed a proposal to form
Littorinid
group, with an interna-
as far as possible comprising
actively
Coordinator
interested
in
of the project
these gasis Charles
Pettitt, Manchester Museum, The University,
Manchester M13 9 PL, England. Anyone interested should write
*
to him.
*
*
Stephen Samu, of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin
Islands, has raised a question about the true
Conu8 legstu8 Lamarck,
1810, about which
HSN Corresponding
ris wrote
in the April
Editor
A. G. Hamlyn-Har-
issue.
"The description and photograph are identical with a pair found by my wife and me at
Diego Garcia, Chagosarchipelago,in October
1970 - alive and mature. The larger is 66mm.
"La Conchiglia (March 19731had a photo
and descriptionof C. legatus. The descriptionis
very much the same,but the photo shows a
different shell. The inside of both our shellsis
bright pink; Mr. Hamlyn-Harrisdidn't mention
this is his article.
"Who hasthe (true) C. legatus?I would like
to go alongwith Hamlyn-Harris,but doubt that
his or ours is c. legatus."
Can any HSN readersrespond?
*
*
*
At least two knowledgeablemembershave
sent identifications for the "Little Stranger"
conethat appearedin the February issue.Both
Rear Admiral W. S. Bitler, USN Ret., of Annapolis, and Mrs. Thora Whiteheadof Brisbane
called it Conus monile Hwass, 1792. Bitler
noted t\tat C. monile "comes with or without
the dark longitudinal streaks,and also appears
in albino form." Mrs. Whitehead calls it "a
form of C.generalis (or C. monile, which some
consider is a form of c. generalis alsoI. Perhaps
this is an intergrade betweenthe two?"
*
*
*
On the subject of the "Uttle Strangers," pictured regularly in HSN, comment by readers on
the usefulness of this feature would be welcome.
There is criticism that the shells shown frequently are not really "strangers," that finders
are engaging in a subtle "show and tell," and
that difficult identifications can't be made from
photographs, anyhow. On the other hand, some
displays have provoked lively exchanges among
HSN readers.
It has been suggestedthat the "Little Stranger," if retained, should be given more permanent value, but there is no agreement on how
this should be done. One obvious improvement
would be to require detailed data on time, place,
and habitat as well as incidental observations.
*
*
*
Mrs. George F. Kline of Honolulu has sent
word of the recent death in Sydney of Mrs.
Denise Reverce, of Noumea, New Caledonia,
known by friends allover
the world as
"Misette."
"Misette was deeply interested in shells and
shelling, and always was helpful and generous to
visitors who had a sincere interest in malacology," Mrs. Kline wrote. "During our two expeditions to New Caledonia, our successful collections were aided immeasurably by the
gracious cooperation of Misette, her husband
Pierre, and her sister and brother-in-law, Mr.
and Mrs. Andre Lapelerie.
"Her loss will be felt by shellers everywhere."
HA WAllAN SHELL NEWS
Page 4
Cypraea
haddnightae
June. 1974
I Cont'd from Page II
much finer and mo~e developed teeth. This
character I believe to be specific. Another distinguishing difference is the marked pyriform
shape of C. haddnightae. I do not believe, as
Mr. Trenberth stated in his original description,
that the columellar sulcus or the denticles are
specifically different from those of c. cribraria.
It might be worthwhile at this time to illustrate this group of cowries and to briefly discuss
specific conchological characters as I see them.
Preserved animals, and the shells from which
they came, are available for study with the
exception of C. haddnightae. In life animals are
colored orange-pink to dark carmen in all but C.
haddnightae, which so far has not been
observed.
Cypraea cribraria, the first described, is
probably the largest, most beautiful, most widespread and most common of the group. The
range of all others, so far as is now known, is
sharply limited. The pure white base, the evenly
spaced and uniform sized white spots, identify
c. cribraria at once. The "spots" on the dorsums of this group consist of a lack of deposition
of the color, be it dark brown, brilliant orange or
dark yellow to gold. How the pliable and ever
moving mantle, which forms these spots, can
cover exactly the same area time after time to
form these round and accurately placed circular
spaces lacking the usual dorsal color is a
mystery.
Occasionally, in all species, this accurate approximating mechanism slips a bit, and the
result is an elongated or blurred but still recognizable "spot." This blurring has not been observed in C. haddnightae, but probably does
occur and will be noted when more specimens
are found.
Cypraea cumingii can be separated from all
others in the group by its extremely fine and
sharply cut teeth. Also the dorsal spots on C.
cumingii, alone in the group, are ringed with
darker pigmentation. In the dorsal view, c.
fischeri
cannot be differentiated from c.
cumingii except by these ringed spots. The
teeth of C. fi8cheri, although finer than those of
C. ga8koini, are much differently formed and
coarser than those found in C. cumingii.
Cypraea e8ontropia is easily separated from
all others in the group by the dark transverse
embryonal bands visible through the dorsal
pattern even in fully adult specimens. This embryonal banding, together with the definitely
red-brown color, results in C. e8ontropia being
the darkest in color, when fresh, in the group. It
has about the same pyriform shape as c. haddnightae, but the discrete brown spots on both
sides of the baseof C. e8ontropia separate them
at a glance.
Cypraea ga8koini resembles c. fl8cheri
more than it does any other member of the
group. This similarity is more pronounced in
small, immature and elongated forms of c. ga.koini. It is distinguished positively by the finer
and more produced and differently formed teeth
in c. fiacheri. This is a character readily seen
when shells of equal size are compared, but
which may not be evident in the illustrations.
Also the lateral heavier jet black discrete
spotting of C. fiacheri is better noted by direct
comparison of shells of equal size. Cypraea
ga.koini is almost always globular except for
dwarf specimens, while C. li.cheri is elongated
in all specimens examined.
Cypraea cribellum is surely the smallest of
the group. It may have scant lateral spotting just
above the labial callus and also occasionally a
few faint basilar spots, but the base is usually
pure white. The chief characteristic separating it
from c. e.ontropia is the lack of embryonal
transverse banding and, of equal importance,
the truly cylindrical shape.
In studying small specimens of c. e.ontropia
some difficulty is found in positive separation.
The gross animal characters are said by
observers to be "different," but so far I have
been unable to exactly establish these dif.
ferences, since they are manifest ouly in the liv.
ing fully active animal. Here soh parts examina.
tion may be of great value. These soh parts are
available, as are the individual shells from
which they came.
Cypraea /i.cheri has already been described.
It is my opinion, and also that of Dr. Alison
Kay, that the differently formed teeth, the more
elongated shape, and the distribution and
character of the lateral and basilar spotting
justify full separation from C. ga.koini, and is
not to be considered a synonym as was listed in
my monograph on the Cypraeidae.
Cypraea catholicorum
can be separated
from C. cribraria only by the much smaller,
more irregularly sized and spaced dorsal spots.
A more cylindrical shape is also an aid. Both
may have faint lateral spotting just above the
labial callus. This smaller dorsal spotting is
striking when compared to c. cribraria of equal
size. I have specimens of equal size from the
same reef.
The characters of C. haddnightBe have al.
ready been discussed. The species is known only
from a limited number of specimens. They were
first collected by Sisters F. Haddrill and M.
Knight of the Albany Regional Hospital, who
sent them to Paul Trenberth of Tumby Bay,
South Australia. He described the species in
publication No. 17, 1973 of the Malacological
Society of South Australia, and named them for
the sisters who first collected them.
* Scott Johnson, in a recent personal commu.
uication, reports the discovery on Kwajalein of a
cowry that is believed to be c. /i.cheri. I have
not yet seen the specimen.
C.M.B.
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Page 5
Every area of the shell world has a few leaders, some self-educated, who rise to great heights
in malacological circles. Such a person in W.
Paul Trenberth, of Tumby Bay, South Australia. His name has come
to the fore as author of
the new CypraeB haddnightae, but he earlier was known for Cypraea trenberthae, as
well. Both are endemic
Australian cowries.
Trenberth was born
and
educated
in
Kadina in the Yorke
peninsula of South
Australia. Being fond of animals and the outdoors he took up farming, from which he finally
retired in 1950. Subsequently he leased his land
to a "share-farmer" and was pleasantly surprised to find his net income was almost identical to what he had been earning by working
from dawn to dark. In his retirement, Trenberth
became a Justice of the Peace and a Coroner in
South Australia.
A habit of early rising, the result of years on
his farm, led to his taking long walks on the
nearby beaches before breakfast to pass the
time. By nature an inquisitive person, Paul
began to look closely at the life on the beach, a
tendency that was to change his life. One bright
morning on the reef he spotted a magnificent
eight-inch gem specimen of what proved to be a
Voluta fulgetrum. Trenberth seriously began
searching for more shells. That first shell still
has a place of honor in his vast collection.
Eventually, Paul began to wonder if shells
could be found after dark with a strong light.
Many night expeditions followed. By this time,
Mrs. Trenberth had also become a collector and
often accompanied Paul. Prior to his malacological interest, Trenberth was an accomplished pianist, but music was doomed to be
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Pack No.3
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Mitridae
Part I illustrates
ninety-six miters covering a wide geographic
area. Each card has a black and white photo of
the shell in natural size and one or two poses in
magnification showing structural detail. Although the description is very brief, the clarity
of the pictures and the occasional helpful hints
for comparing similar shells make this set a
worthwhile addition to the identification library.
I found several miters I had never seen pictured,
especially the miniatures, and am looking forward to Mitridae Part II.
Bunnie Cook
abandoned in deference to his new hobby. It
naturally followed that a boat would be purchased, also that an ingenious array of longhandled collection devices must be invented.
Mter spotting a shell with the ever efficient
"look box," the Trenberths would snag or scoop
it up with one of his inventions in depths of up to
twenty feet. This activity led to a surplus of
many species and an increasing desire to trade
for others not yet in his collection.
The late Ray Steele was one of Trenberth 's
earliest American contacts, eventually leading to
correspondence with veteran HMS member and
cypraea expert Ray Summers. It was only a
question of time until Summers introduced
Trenberth to his good friend, Hawaii's Dr. C.
M. (Pat) Burgess. Paul was in the Big League of
the shell world.
"Ray Summers was unusually patient with
me, and painstaking in his teachings," Trenberth recalls. "I was soon to learn that I had an
outstanding tutor who was far above ordinary
collectors."
For many years Summers continued teaching
Trenberth, supplemented by the cypraea
expertise of the equally helpful Pat Burgess.
Their admiration is mutual.
"In addition to being an excellent shell friend
for many years, I consider Paul Trenberth 's
contributions to malacology to be quite substantial," Burgess said recently.
For many years, th~ three friends exchanged
shells as well as scientific information.
RARE
SPECIMEN
SHELLS WANTED
Pleurotomaria
beyrichii Hilgendorf, 1877
gemma Bayer, 1965
midas Bayer, 1965
quoyana Fischer & Bernardi, 1856
salmiana Rolle, 1899
Voluta
(Volutoconus) grossi mcmichaeli Habe &
Kosuge, 1966
(Volutoconus) coniformis Cox, 1871
(Volutoconus) hargreavesi daisyi Weaver,
1967
(Cymbiolacca) perplicata Hedley, 1902
Conus
gloriamaris Chemn~tz, 1777
cervus Lamarck, 1822
Cypraea
fultoni Sowerby, 1903
hirasei Roberts, 1914
rosselli Cotton, 1914
armeniaca Verco, 1912
If you have specimens of the above for sale,
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108 N. StateStreet,Chicago,IL 60602
In the meanwhile, Trenberth had become
closely associated with the late B. C. Cotton,
widely known malacologist of the South Australian Museum, who permitted Paul to study
the books, papers and shell specimens there.
Cotton taught Trenberth scientific terms and
names, as well as how to locate rare shells,
spending many hours in the process. Another
early associate was Lance Moore of Sydney,
who came to depend on Trenberth for identifications and price data. Dr. Franz Schilder was
another shell-world "great" with whom he
exchanged information as well as specimens.
Gradually, Paul's interest had become
centered on the cypraea, on which the influence
of Burgess and Summers might be surmised.
Today, Trenberth is one of the foremost malacologists in Australia. He is consulted regularly
by collectors and dealers all over that country.
The Hawaiian Malacological Society is proud
to have Paul Trenberth as a member.
June, 1974
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
Page 6
CAN YOU TOP THIS?
by FRED L. and DAPHNE
Data on world record size shells are being
brought up to date in anticipation of a new edition of Van Nostrand's Standard Catalog of
Shells. Have you anything larger? If 80, write
F. DUNN
An outbreak of gastro-intestinal disorders
among some American troops stationed on Canton Island, in the Phoenix group of the Central
Pacific, early in World War II, resulted in a
survey of molluscan life on the reefs of that little
known speck of land that is of great interest to
shell collectors today.
Dr. Reed W. Fautin of Laramie, Wyoming
was a member of a U.S. Army medical team sent
to investigate and control the outbreak. After
the task was completed, the team had a prolonged wait for transportation back to Honolulu
- the better part of three months, in fact.
Dr. Fautin, a zoologist, was able to devote his
spare time to studies of Canton Island's animal
life, including the mollusca. He gave particular
attention to the cowries, most of which were collected as living animals from the exposed reefs
and coral heads of the lagoon during low tides.
The randomness of the collection over a period
of many days without any knowledge of species
differences, probably reflects fairly well the
relative abundance of the speciespresent at that
time.
Recently the authors were able to study Dr.
Fautin's collection, and record and identify the
species.We were assisted with identifications by
Dr. E. Alison Kay of the University of Hawaii,
Dr. C. M. Burgess of Honolulu Ithrough Dr.
Kayl, and Dr. Harry G. Lee of the University of
California, San Francisco. We are indebted to
them. We particularly thank Dr. Fautin (the
father of D.F .D.) for allowing us to borrow his
interesting collection for study.
We found the following species represented
(number of specimens in parentheses):
CyprseB issbells (24), c. teres (2), c.
irrorsts
(41, C. fimbriats
(II,
C. porsris (54), c. helvols m), C. csputserpentis 129), c. csrneols (8),
c. depresss(43), C. scurrs 14),c. tigris Ill,
c. mBuritisns (I),
C. nucleus 161, C. bistrinotsts 171, C.
globulus (7), C. moneta (177).
Comments:The species total sixteen. Cyprses moneta were clearly the most abundant
cowries on Canton Island in 1942. Cyprses
helvols, C. poraris, C. depresss, C. csputserpentis, and C. issbells constituted a second
group of fairly abundant animals, as represented by their shells. Ten other species were
encountered infrequently.
The Cyprses csputserpentis specimens fall
toward the large end of the 15 to 39mm size
range noted by Burgess in his Living Cowries
(1970: 177). No specimens of other species are
unusual in respect to size. Two of the eight c.
csrneols
specimens have exceptionally
prominent spires, placing them close to the
T"Rmnh' variatinn described bv Burgess.
to:
Robert
Of the Cypraea depressa specimens, twentyseven are adult and sixteen are classified as
immature. (These c. ambica-like immature
specimens are presumed to be c. depressa
because c. arabica was either absent or, if
present, very rare on Canton in 1942.) One of
the specimens of c. globulus is strikingly similar to the Canton Island form of this species
illustrated by Burgess (Plate 30, G).
We have found little published information
about the cowries of Canton Island, other than
some distributional references in Burgess. Several notes in Hawaiian Shell News (vol. 4, no.
8, p. 80,1956; vol. 7, no. 5, p. 50,1959) deal
with Canton without providing any data about
cowries. It is of interest to compare the present
list with records for a few other islands of the
central and south-central Pacific. Rehder
( 1966) lists seventeen species for the Tubuai
(Austral) Islands, a total similar to that for the
Canton collection. Only eight of the seventeen
species, however, are common to Canton.
Much closer to the Phoenix group are the
Line Islands. Jewell (19621 recorded a total of
forty-six species of Cypraeidae for Jarvis,
Fanning, Palmyra, and Christmas Islands, but
the total for each individual
island is
considerably lower and the species assemblages
are not strikingly similar to that for Canton.
One list has been published for McKean
Island, a close neighbor of Canton in the
Phoenix group (Nielsen 19691. This includes
fourteen speciesof cowries, of which no less than
eleven also appear on our Canton list. Missing
from the Canton list but present on McKean
J. L. Wagner,Editor
Van Nostrand's Standard Catalog of Shells
Route 1, Box 21
Marathon, Fla. 33050
When submitting data, include the name of
the presentowner, where and when collected,
andby whom. It is important, also,to statewho
measuredthe specimen.
Speciesnormally measuringless than about
5Ommare not listed in the current series.
Murex nigrospinus
Murex pliciferoides
Murex pomum
Murex ramosus
Murex recurvirostris
Murex recurvirosms lividus
Murex saxatilis
Murex scolopax
Murex torrefactus
Murex torrefactus insula rum
MureX triremus
Murex troscheli
Muricanthus nigritus
Mytilus californianus
Mytilus edulis
Namaeopelta dallians
Natica aleutica
Nautilus pompilius
Neptunea eyerdami
Neptunea ithia
Neptunea lirata
Neptunea pribiloffensis
Neptunea Batura georgianus
Naptunea smirnia
Neptunea tabulata
Nerita ornata
Neverita reclusiana
Norrisia norrisii
Notoacmaea persona
Ocenebra poulsoni
Oliva incrassata
Oliva Rives
Oliva porphyria
Oliva spicata
Oliva textilina
Opalia wroblenskii
Opeatostoma pseudodon
Ostrea laperonsii
Panomyaturgida
Panope generosa
Parapholas californica
Patella mexicana
Patinopecten caurinus
Pecten diegensis
Pecten sericeus
are: Cypraea talpa, c. schilderorum, and c.
Pecten ziC%BC
vitellus. Missing from the McKean list but Penion dilatatus
Periglypta multicostata
presenton Canton (in 1942): C. teres, c. irroPeriploma planusculum
rata, C. fimbriata, C. tigris, and C. bistriPhalium glaucum
notata. It is of interest that c. caputselpentis Phalium granulatum
on McKean is also large (average34mm in Phasianella australis
length) and that the commonest McKean Pholadidea ovoidea
Pinna nobilis
species include four of the six commonest Pinna rugosa
specieson Canton: C. depressa,c. caputsel'" Pitar lupanaria
pentis, C. poraria, and C. isabella. On the Placiphorella velata
magellanicus
other hand, C. helvola and c. moneta are rela- Placopecten
Placunanomia cumingii
tively much less abundant on McKean than Pleuroliria artia
(List to be continued I
they were on Canton in 1942.
142.9
146.0
132.6
298.5
58.6
74.9
196.8
151.4
123.8
101.5
187.3
166.8
186.5
220.0
105.0
52.7
60.5
222.0
130.0
138.0
185.8
160.0
70.0
168.0
113.6
54.3
78.0
61.8
53.1
62.6
95.0
54.3
131.7
85.2
86.8
59.8
64.0
344.0
90.0
191.0
131.2
254.0
288.0
108.0
95.4
127.0
231.0
131.5
65.6
120.0
106.8
99.5
125.0
750.0
391.0
67.8
62.0
230.0
68.0
53.0
Page 7
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
June. 1974
COWRIES FROM JORDAN'S ONLY HARBOR
SHELLS FOR SALE
by JOHN ORR
The desert kingdom of Jordan touches the sea I
at only one point
-
the immediate
vicinity
WESTERN
of
tudes are between four and five feet
-
expose
narrow, rocky re1!fs jutting from the shore.
Along the outer fringes of these reefs, which
drop steeply to the ocean floor, colorful corals
abound. Numerous caves and crevices are
populated by spectacular fishes, crustacea,
shells and other tropical marine fauna. Surprisingly, however, the brightly patterned starfish
usually associated with such environments were
absent. Eel grass was also scarce and small
pastures in sandy areas were stunted and thinly
spread.
Shell fauna is varied and, except for those
known to be indigenous to the Red Sea region,
consisted mostly of the common Indo.Pacific
species. Cowries were my main objective. I
particularly wanted to find live specimens of
Cypraea pulchra Gray, 1824; c. macandrewi
Sowerby, 1870, C. pantherina Solander, 1786.
and C. erythraeensis Sowerby, 1837. I found
none of them, not even occasional beach-worn
shells as evidence that living specimens were
around. What I did find were plump C.
nebrites Melvill, 1888 (frequent I; c. grayana
Schilder,
1930
(frequentl;
C.
turdus
Lamarck, 1810 (scarceI; C. talpa Linne, 1758
(scarceI; C. carneola linne, 1758 (frequent I;
C. nucleus Linne, 1758, (scarce1 and C. isabella Linne, 1758 (scarcel.
Had I been able to extend my search forty or
fifty miles to the south into Saudi Arabia I
would probably have found some of those other
species. Among hundreds of C. pantherina
brought across the Saudi Arabian border for
sale in the shops of Aqaba were fair numbers of
C. pulchra and C. erythraeensis. I was told
that all of them had been found among the
extensive shoals and coral reefs of the Tiran
Straits at the entrance to the Gulf of Aqaba. But
the Saudi frontier officials were not very
obliging and a one-day visa (back before nightfall! I was all they would grant me - hardly
enough time to reach any promising shelling
grounds. So I spent the day prodding and
poking among half-dead corals in five to six feet
of murky water near Aqaba's main harbor.
Cypraea grayana and C. nebrites were
plentiful, C. turdus less so. A scarlet patch
beneath a brittle slab of plate-coral looked sus-
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We specialize in high quality cowries, volutes,
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loveliest Cypraea rosselli and lemon Pecten
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Also colour slides of live mollusks & shell
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the port of Aqaba, Arab "twin" of the Israeli
port of Eliat. Both cities are at the head of the
Gulf of Aqaba, which is split from the Red Sea
by the Sinai Peninsula. A few steps to the south
puts you in Saudi Arabia; across the mouth of
the River Jordan to the west is Israel.
Recently I spent two weeks shelling at Aqaba.
The ecology of Jordan's coast around Aqaba
and for fifteen kilometers to the south is typical
oftropicalGulfregions.Lowtides- theampli-
AUSTRALIAN
Box T1738 G.P.0., Perth
piciously like soft sponge. But, no. It was an
exceptionally large C. teres - the first of four I
found within an hour. All were the alveolus
variant (Tapparone, 1882) and the largest
45mm. long.
Although widely distributed throughout
tropical and subtropical regions and listed by a
few dealers as coming from Eliat in neighboring
Israel, C. teres has not
-
as far as I know -
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been officially recorded from as far north as
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extended geographical range for this colorful
species. Perhaps, after all, the decision not to
use my hard-won visa to venture across the
border was a blessing in disguise.
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llle Home of Cypraea rosselli
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Page 8
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
Cypraea guHata Vs.
C. azuma;
Oahu Observations
The water off Honolulu's Magic Island is
about ten feet deep close to shore. The hard
coral bottom slopes gradually outward for about
200 yards to a ten.foot dropoff into a large sand
Some interesting evidence!in the problem: "Is
Cypraea guttata azumai Schilder, 1960 a valid
subspecies?" has been submitted by HMS
member Nee Chung, of Causeway Bay, Hong
pocket.
. Some time ago, I was poking along the crest
of this dropoff, in about twenty-five feet of
water, when I came upon a Cypraea leviathan.
The sight of this striking shell always boosts my
blood pressure a few points, and I started plowing along like a bulldozer. A few minutes later,
as I hastily flipped over a small slab of dead
coral, four little furry balls rolled out. A gentle
surge washed all but one into cracks and holes in
the reef. They were less than one centimeter in
diameter and, as I grabbed for the remaining
one, the mantle retracted, revealing a white shell
beneath.
Later, my prize proved to be the petite
Trivirostra ory%a (Lamarck. 1810). Though
only 7mm long, the sculpture on this shell, when
viewed under moderate magnification, is a true
work of art.
Wh~n you go for yours, turn the slabs over
slowly and carefully.
Bob Purtymun
Kong.
He sent a set of excellent color photos of some
fine specimens of C. guttata Gmelin, 1791 and
C. g. azumai, with notes on specific differences
he has observed.
His C. guttata, he reports, was trawled off the
coast of Indonesia by Taiwan fishermen, who
provided no data. Its size is 53.1mm by
33.7mm. The azumai form was trawled at 100
meters off Danjo Island, Japan. It is 58mm by
35.8.
Mr. Nee compiled the following table of dif.
ferences between the two forms by reference to
the photos:
Notes on Identification Page
SwainsoniB newcombii (Pease,18691is a
Hawaiianmitrid which has beenconfusedwith
SwainsoniBcasta(Gmelin, 1791). Both species
have a broad brown band on the body whorl.
However,in S. castathe band is epidermisand
can be removedby cleaning,while in S. newcombii the band is permanentcolor in the shell
itself.
Bursa bufoniB (Gmelin, 1791) has a wide
distribution throughout the tropical Indo.
Pacific. In someareasthe apertureis white; in
others, cream or yellow. This shell has been
featuredbeforein Hawaiian Shell News,but is
figured here for comparisonwith the following
species.
Bursa leo Shikama,1964.This name is consideredby someto be a synonymof B. bufoniB.
However,therearecleardifferencesbetweenthe
shells which are constant in the fifteen or so
specimensof B. leo and the many times that
numberof B. bufoniB that I haveexamined.In
B. leo, the left edgeof the columnellarshieldis
sinuate and is almost horizontal at the lower
termination; in B. bufoniB the left edgeis an
evencurvebecomingan almoststraight vertical
line at the lower end. Thesefeaturesshould be
visible in the photos.
Venus hawaiensis Dall, Bartsch & Rehder,
1938. The sculpturing on this little Hawaiian
clam is quite distinctive, consisting of sharp,
concentricribs.
SassiBsemitorta Kuroda & Habe, (year unknown). This uncommon cymatiid is found
from Japan to Taiwan. It is deep brown and
seemsquite fragile in comparisonwith the usual
sturdy membersof its family.
Charles S. Wolfe
June, 1974
REEFCOMBINGS
Photo
A
B
C.g.azuma;
C. guttsts
"Fatter,wider, left edge "Thinner, narrower, left
invisible"
edgevisible"
"No
dark
right
side."
brown
spot
on
c
'Linesstop at margin.
D
'No white blotch,"
1
"Long br{)wn stain on
right side."
'Linescontinue upward.
"Large white blotch on
side."
Dr. C. M. Burgess of Honolulu, author of
The Living Cowries, when shown the above
photos and notes, expressed some reservations.
"I still think that Cypraea guttata and C.
azumai are synonyms," he declared. "I am impressed by his photos of two beautiful specimens, however.
"I suspect that the difference Mr. Nee has
noted are essentially related to the age of the
shells, rather than subspecies differences.
Nevertheless, 1 would welcome the opinion of
other HMS members."
The HSN correspondingeditor in Brisbane,
Mrs. Thora Whitehead, was interested in a
remark madeby the late Karl Greenein his arti.
cle, "Let's Go Dredging," reprinted in our
December 1973 issue. He reported having
brought up a cone resembling Conus pulchellus and c. pertusus.
"I think I have a specimenof this," writes
Mrs. Whitehead. "I bought the shell from a
friend who wassellingher collection,which she
no longerhad time to curate properly. Shetold
methe shellhad beensentto her by Mrs. Mariel
King (long-timepatron of HMS and owner of
the researchvesselPele). The data with it is
'Dredged in Keehi Lagoon,off Oahu, September 6, 1959.'
"The shellis definitely not the onementioned
in the Greene article - it is just 1 Y4 inches long
but it conforms to the description otherwise.
-
Is its identity known now?
"I obtained another shell from the same
source, also said to have come from Mrs. King.
It is labelled only 'Dredged off Hawaii.' This
shell is slightly smaller and looks as if it were
related to Conus glans, but it is less cylindrical
than that species
-
more conical.
Most of the
body whorl is golden color, the base is white and
it is pink at the shoulder. There are fine ridges
with raised 'dots' on most of the body whorl,
although the pink area at the shoulder is
smooth. The spire is not very tall, convex, and
the protoconch is pink. The spire whorls have
about three spiral grooves.
"Can anvone heln me with the names?"
June. 1974
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
Page 9
SHELLS FOR SALE
KInK flnOfns
T~.A.VEI.-
by F. A. SCHILDER
(From HSN, Sept.1965)
Write for Free Itinerary for 1974 Season.
P. O. Box 1418
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CARFEL SHELL EXPORT
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1786 A. Mabini St.
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We offer quality specimens, ornamental,
commercial shells & handicrafts. Write for free
price list. Visit us and seeour permanent display
of beautiful collection.
Yeppoon Shell Museum
R.T. & D.A. Brown
Box 74, Yeppoon, Q., Australia
The largest dealers of Specimen Shells in
Australia. Fine and rare specimens bought and
sold. Will exchange for rare shells. Prices to suit
all pockets. On hand at present, choice shells
from New Guinea, Australia, Philippines and
Africa. Write for free Price List.
Collectors who do not Wtderstand Latin and
Greek will possibly be interested in the meaning
of the scientific names of some well known
cowry species. Most scientific names are Latin,
but a few are Greek (marked by*) or even other
languages (marked by * * I. If we restrict the explanations to living species and well recognizable subspeciesof true cowries (Cypraeidae),
and omit the hWtdreds of varietal names and
synonyms of minor importance, we can arrange
the scientific names according to their meaning
as follows.
FORMOSA SHELLS
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CHU~SHAN CHIANG
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Republic of China
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Chien Shen Company
Reliable
1. Most namesrefer to the charactersof the
shells:
Shell
P. O. Boxes
Shells,
Horn
paintings,
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craft,
Shell
ten
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Taiwan
craft,
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Butterfly
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and 01128
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specimens,
in
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craft,
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Butterfly
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There are some general designations, as
gracilis - graceful; pericalles.*very beautiful; pulchella - rather beautiful (not: small
pulchral)j pulchra - beautiful; stolida foolish; vasta - coarse; and venusta charming like Venns.
Far more names refer to the size: immanis
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Street, New York, N.Y. 10013.
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very large, or are descriptions of the general
shape: angustBta - narrowed j coloba stunted j latior - broaderj pyriformis - pear
shaped; teres
oblong j tortirostris
with a
-
-
tortuous beak. Some names recall peculiarities
in morphology; acicularis - needle shaped
(referring
not
to the lateral
denticulate j
pittingsl;
erosa
-
edentula
-
rather polished I; serrulifera
OS TIN I
Box 167
MASSAWA (Ethiopia)
-
eroded (at the
margins)j esontropia * - keeled within j
eunota* - with solid dorsum j marginalis and
marginata - margined j microdon * - small
tooth (with small teeth}, minoridens - smaller
tooth; obvelata - surroundedby a sailj semiplots - (not intelligible, possiblymisspelledfor
semipolitB
AUSTRALIA
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27 A George St., Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
Free catalogue on request. All specimenscannot be listed, our stock too comprehensive. Ask
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with furrow-like teeth.
Most names, however, refer to the color of
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We do not publish a list but we will answer
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whitish; cinerea- ash gray; citrina
lemon color; exusta -
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brownish red; helvola
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Wholesale & Retail
Come & visit our show room or write to:
T. C. LAN
40, Lane 105, Liao-ning St.
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yellowish red; lurida
(pale}; lutes - saffron; pallida pale;
pallidula - rather pale (palish, as Gaskoin
said}; sanguinolenta
blood red (referring to
-
the lateral spotsI; spadices - chestnut;
dirty; subviridis - rather green;
spurca viridicolor
-
green.
(To be continuedl
Contact the reliable supplier in Taiwan for
your collection or for retail of shells:
JOVIAL ENTERPRISES,
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P. O. Box 1046
Taichung 400, Taiwan
Rare & Common Shells, Wholesale & Retail,
Handicrafts & Novelty also in our line.
Page 10
JW1e,1974
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
"OLIVE SHELLS"
The Other Shell Clubs
Olive Shells of the World, by Rowland F.
Zeigler and Humbert C. Porreca (New York:
W. Henrietta, 1969,96 p.1 is one of the standard shell identification volumesfound in the
libraries of most seriouscollectors.
Somehow, the subject of shell club emblems
came up. With a little encouragement from the
Honolulu end, HSN Corresponding Editor
Thora Whitehead, sent the following information on the Cairns (Queensland) Shell Club's
attractive pin. Although now a resident of Brisbane, Mrs. Whitehead is still a member of the
Cairns group.
Dr. Zeiglerrecentlycompileda list of corrections, on the basisof subsequentresearchand
the suggestions
of readersand researchers.The
list of correctionswas publishedin Of Sea and
Shore.
Olive Shells of the World is distributed by
the Shell Cabinet,P. O. Box 29, Falls Church,
Va. 22046.
In the meantime,here are the changes:
PAGE CORRECTIONS
Page 4. Brugiere should be Bruguiere.
Pages 23, 29, 30. Duclos dates after Oliva ka/eontins should be 1835.
All Lamarck dates should be 1811.
Pages 33,94. Oliva oblongata Marra!, 1870 should
be Oliva oblongs Marrat, 1870.
Pages 54, 76. Duclos dates after Oliva tigridella
should be 1835.
Page 66. Vanatta date after forma Immaculata is
1915.
Pages 66, 91. craBBS Martini should be craBBS
Marrat, 1871.
Page 73. Johnson date after forma marratl should
be 1914, not 1871.
Page 76. Melvill and Standen's date after forma
wllllamsi should be 1898, not 1897.
Page 79. Oliva rutula Duclos, 1835 is Plate7, Fig. 12
(not Plate 8).
Page 90. Marrat's date after Oliva arctata should be
1871, not 1877. Dautzenberg's date after Oliva azona
should be 1927, not 1811.
Page 92. Oliva hlspldula Blainville, 1828 shouJd be
added to the index after hiraseL
Pages 78, 96. After Oliva zebra, add Weinkauff in
Kuster. 1878.
PLATE CORRECTIONS
Plate2, Fig. 3, Oliva reticularis Lamarck, 1811 forma
bollingi Clench, 1934 should be forma formosa
Marrat, 1870. We are now in possession of specimens
of the formabolilngi wh ich match the ill ustrations and
descriptions of Dr. Clench.
Plate 12. The identifications of figures 6 and 9
should be reversed: i.e., fig. 6 is Oliva ponderosa
Duclos, 1845, and fig. 9 is Oliva tremullna Lamarck,
1811, forma olympiadlna Duclo~ 1835.
Plat~ 12, Figure 8 is Oliva hirasei "Kuroda and
Habe, 1952", Kira, 1959 rather than Oliva tremullna
Lamarck, 1811, formafumosa Marrat, 1870.
Plate 13. Fig. 11, Oliva avellana Lamarck, 1811 is
doubtful. The illustrated shells seem to be old and
discolored (pseudofossils?). To date, I have been unable to acquire any definite information on this
species from contacts in New Guinea (alleged habitat)
or elsewhere.
Plate 13, Figure 12 in not Oliva calosoma Duclos,
1835, but rather a form of Oliva bulbiformis Duclos,
1835, 1835. The acquisition of a large series of Oliva
bulbiformis shows many color forms that match the
illustration. Oliva calosoma, admittedly rare, thus remains a mystery to this writer.
The blank space for the missing photograph of
Oliva anlomina Duclos, 1835 must remain so at present. This species remains elusive and controversial.
Tryon gave Japan as the locality for Oliva anlomina.
The solitary example of Oliva aniomina in Marrat's
collection at the City of Liverpool Museums proved to
be Oliva ka/eontina Duclos, 1835. Marrat's own label
gave Galapagos as the locality! This information was
obtained by Bert Porreca from photographs and
correspondencefrom the Liverpool Museums.
by mORA
WHITEHEAD
The original design for the Cairns Shell Club
badge was the work of Mrs. Jane Mitchell,
formerly of Cairns but now "world wandering."
noto: Don D. Chapman The shell we chose for our emblem is Vexillum
taeniatum Lantarck, 1811, a species that in
years gone by was not hard to obtain in North
Queensland, where there was more trawling in
During the past few years reports of the dis- progress and also some Trochus diving, I'm
told. These days, J:;;taeniatum are scarce, like
covery of five-inch specimens of Cypraea therhen's teeth, as the Australian expression goes. I
sites Gaskoin, 1894 have come from Australia.
was lucky enough to have one in my collection,
To date, however, none have been confirmed.
however,
and we used it as a model for our
In the above picture is a Cypraea thersites
which is over four inches, a normal specimen badge.
and a melanistic shell. These were all collected
in South Australia by Trevor J. Castle, well
known diver and shell dealer. The color range of
this species is fascinating. Specimens are found
that are pure white (Cypraea contra ria) and
almost black as shown in this picture. Cypraea
thersites, an endangered species, presently is
protected by the Australian Government. This
beautiful shell is a member of the Australian
"Zolia" family of cypraea.
A VARIABLE SPECIES
ElmerG. Leehman
The original design was executed on a wooden
shield,
which was photographed and sent to
Specimen8
of the following Cypraea 8howing
various badge manufacturers. Getting just what
melani8mor ro8tration:
we wanted proved to be difficult. (I was Club
C. mometa
secretary at the time.) One firm kept sending us
C. cribraria
different designs by return mail, based on
C. lynx
Vexillum taeniatum, but with odd shape disC. eglantina
tortions and even odder color combinations.
c. stolida
Finally we found a company in Brisbane that
could produce very nearly what we wanted.
c. felina
The badge measures one inch across the top
C. e~nes
and 1Y4 inches from top to bottom. It's one of
C. caurica
the prettiest badges I have seen, but then I
C. arabica
haven't seen all that many badges and I'm
C. annulus
probably biased, anyway. I have many very
happy memories of my all-too-short four years in
Some of the specimensshould have the aniCairnes.
mal preserved; others may include only the
shell. Normal shells collected from the same
SPECIAL BOOK LIST
area as malformed ones also much desired.
AUSTRALIAN SHELLS, Wilson & Gillett,
Outright donation of specimens will be appreASI2.95..
SHELLS OF NEW GUINEA & the CENciated, but a small amount is available for purTRAL INDO.PACIFIC, Hinton, AS4.95.
chase. Accurate collection data required with
MARINE
SHELLS OF THE PACIFIC,
each specimen. Shells cannot be returned as Cemohorsky, Rev. FIRST Ed. AS7.00. New
they will be damaged or destroyed during
SECOND Ed. AS13.00
Postage is additional at AS1.I0 Payment
testing.
WANTED
JAMES D. TOBIN
2050 S. E. MulberryDrive
Milwaukie.OR 97222
requestedwith order, in Australia Currency,by
Bank-draft to:
OLAF CHRISTENSEN, BOX 124
NORTH-BRIGHTON, 3186, AUSTRALIA
HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS
June. 1974
THE TONNIDAE Of HAWAII
The Family Tonnidae is assigned to the
Superfamily Tonnacea, being one of either three
or six families so assigned, depending on which
authority one choosesto follow. Some include in
Superfamily Tonnacea the following families:
Page 3
by CHARLES S. WOLFE
form brown in color. These two specimens were
collected together. I have heard of another
similar pair being taken together, which might
indicate the possibility of sexual difference.
Cassidae, Tonnidae, Ficidae, Cymatiidae,
Bursidae and Colubrariidae. Others separate
the last three of these and place them in Superfamily Cymatiacea.
Past issues of Hawaiian Shell News have
covered the Hawaiian species of two of these
families
the Bursidae in Vol. XXI, No.3,
-
March 1973 and the Cassidae in Vol. XVII,
No.5, May 1969. Hawaiian Tonnidae will be
covered in this article. Hopefully, it will be
possible to cover the Cymatiidae and Colubrariidae in future issues. Ficidae are not represented in the Hawaiian fauna.
Tonnidae is a worldwide family whose species
are mostly thin, light-weight and globose in
appearance due to the body whorl's being inflated. They are sand-dwellers, are carnivorous
and, with the exception of the Genus Oocorys
(not found in Hawaii), they lack an operculum.
A total of five species in three genera are
found in Hawaii. All are rare in collections except Tonnaperdix
(Linne, 1758) which is uncommon.. T. perdix is also the only species
which is found in both deep and shallow water
(occasionally in the intertidal region', all others
being found in deeper water only. In addition to
T. perdix, the species are Tonna dolium
(Linne, 1758), Tonna melsno~toma (Jay,
1839), Msles pomum (Linne, 1758), and
Eudoliumpyriforme
(Sowerby, 1914). Tinker
includes Tonns csnaliculsts (Linne, 1758), a
name which some authorities consider invalid
and replace with Tonns ceps (Roding, 1798). I
have not seen nor heard of a specimen of T.
ceps collected here, nor have I encountered any
other literature records.
Tonna perdix
(Linne, 1758)
Tonna dolium
(Linne, 1758)
Eudolium pyriforme
(Sowerby, 1914) is
the rarest Tun in Hawaiian collections. Specimens have been trawled from very deep water
( 1,200 feet) and at least one dead specimen was
taken by George Donner at 700 feet from a crab
trap. Shells of this genus are called False Tuns
and seem almost intermediate between Tonna
and some species of the genus Phalium of
Family Csssidae. E. pyriforme
is thin and
light-weight, shaped like a small, very slender T.
perdix, and has a beautiful lavender-pink band
inside the outer lip.
Photo: Kemp
Tonna dolium (Linne, 17581, is rarely seen
in Hawaiian collections, although it is rather
common in the Western Pacific. It can be identified by the squarish reddish-brown spots on
the spir~l ridges, the twisted columnella and the
outer lip which is fluted but not denticulate. The
ouly Hawaiian specimens I have seen or heard'
of were taken from fish or crab traps at depths
of 400 feet and greater. All were crabbed. I have
not heard of any being taken by Scuba divers.
HMS member George Donner has the finest
collection of this shell I have seen - all taken in
his crab traps.
Tonna melanostoma (Jay, 1839) ranges
from Polynesian to the Western Pacific but is a
rare "collector's item" in all locations. Quickly
identifiable by the chocolate-brown callus on the
parietal wall, it is a beautiful shell if in good
condition. One large specimen has been taken
alive by a Scuba diver off Oahu. Others, in
crabbed condition, are taken in crab traps with
T. dolium at 400 feet and deeper. With both
these shells, it would appear that rarity is a
function of inaccessibility rather than numbers.
(See March,
1974 Shell Identification
Supplement for photo).
Malea pomum (Linne, 1758), the Apple
Tun, is the only representative of its genus in the
Pacific, where it is rather common in many
locations. Fresh dead specimens are not rare in
Hawaii and are taken by Scuba divers and in
crab traps. I have not heard of a specimen being
taken alive. The swollen, globular shape, the
Photo: Kemp
Tonna perdix (Linne, 1758), the Partridge
Tun, is one of the most widely distributed IndoPacific tun shells. Its partridge-like markings
are well-known and need no description. In
Hawaii, it is usually found in shallow water,
specimens occasionally being taken on sandy
areas between tides. The photo shows specimen
with normal markings and one which is a uni-
narrow toothed aperture and the distinctive
markings serve to identify this Tun.
Malea pomum (Linne. 1758) Photo: Kemp
Eudolium
pyriforme
(Sowerby, 1914)
Photo: Cross
For convenience, a checklist of the Hawaiian
members of the Tonnidae .follows:
Tonna perdix (Linne, 1758)
Tonna dolium (Linne, 1758)
Tonna melanostoma (Jay, 1839)
Malea pomum (Linne, 1758)
Eudolium pyriforme (Sowerby, 19141
The previous article on Hawaiian Bursidae
requires no up-dating at this time. However,
subsequent to the 1969 Cassidae article an
additional species of Phalium has been collected in Hawaii. Hawaiian Shell News will carry
an article on this addition to our Cassidae representatives.
Where's Everybody Going?
Ernie Brooks II, president of the Brooks Institute of Photography in Santa Barbara, and
Tom Jacobus, of Innerspace Adventures in Hawaii, will conduct a seminar in underwater photography at Truk Lagoon and Ponape in Micronesia from July 23 to August 3, 1974.
The seminar will be open to photographers
with all levels of experience and background.
Over-the-shoulder instruction will be given during the day at the dive sites. In the evenings
Brooks will lecture on available-light photography, flash techniques, and fundamentals of
underwater and land photography. He will also
critique the black-and-white
photographs,
which the participants will process themselves.
Further information from Tom Jacobus,
1907-C Fox Blvd., Honolulu 96553.
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Bursa leo Shikama, 1964
Philippines
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Bursa bufonia (Gmelin, 1791)
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Swainsonia newcombii (Pease,1869)
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To IIse these illllstratiof1s, cut carefully along the dashed lines. Perhaps a bit of extra trimmillg may be ne(,essary.TIJen carefully mount the illustration on a standard 3 x 5 jll('h fil.,
('ar.t. a.tditulllal .tat a arnJl\t shells of this species in your oolle(,tum, sizes, etc., may be elltl'red
"II th.. ba('k of the file card. (Seepal.(e6 for more about these shells. I