Community Engagement Tools for Sea Country

Transcription

Technical Manual
Community Engagement
Tools for Sea Country
Planning: Technical Manual
Alana Grech and Helene Marsh
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810
© Copyright James Cook University
ISBN 978-0-9808178-1-2
Grech, A. and Marsh, H. (2010)
Community Engagement Tools for Sea
Country Planning: Technical Manual.
School of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, James Cook University,
Townsville, pp. 46.
Published by the School of Earth and
Environmental Sciences, James Cook
University, Townsville.
This publication is copyright. Apart
from any use as permitted under the
Copyright Act 1968, no part may be
reproduced by any process without
prior written permission. Requests
and enquiries concerning
reproduction and rights should be
addressed to:
Commonwealth Copyright Administration
Attorney General’s Department
Robert Garran Offices
National Circuit
Barton, ACT 2600
Or posted at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca
Report Layout and Design by
Adelpha Publishing and Design
http://www.adelphapublishing.com/
Printed in North Queensland by
Lotsa Printing
http://www.lotsaprinting.com.au/
May 2010
Community Engagement Tool for Sea Country Planning
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................ii
Introduction ......................................................................................................................1
Baseline Data Acquisition...................................................................................................2
Community Mapping Workshop ........................................................................................5
Geographic Information System (GIS).................................................................................7
Introduction to ArcMap 9.2 GIS ............................................................................................ 7
Opening ArcMap GIS ......................................................................................................... 7
Changing symbols and colours ............................................................................................ 12
How to create a map ........................................................................................................... 14
Exporting your map for publishing and printing ................................................................. 18
Saving your map .................................................................................................................. 20
Opening your map ............................................................................................................... 21
Entering Community Data into a GIS ................................................................................ 23
Creating GIS layers from maps ............................................................................................ 23
Opening a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in ArcMap 9.2 ...................................................... 29
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to acknowledge the support of the following organisations:
• li-Anthawirriyarra Sea Rangers, Mabunji Resource Association;
• School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University;
• Centre for Australian Indigenous Studies, Monash University;
• School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University;
• Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources Environment and the Arts; and
• North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance.
Thanks in particular go to David Barrett, Isabel Beasley, John Bradley, Nicholas Fitzpatrick,
Graham Friday, Micha Jackson, Steve Johnson, Anthony Johnston, Fiona Keighran, Ronnie
Miller, Leanne Norman, Leonard Norman, Guido J. Parra, Damien Pracy, Keith Saalfeld,
Thomas Simon, Scott Whiting and the Yanyuwa families. This manual was developed with
support from the Australian Marine Mammal Centre grants scheme, Australian Department
of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this manual is to provide instructions for the use of community mapping
workshops and geographic information systems (GIS) to effectively engage Australian
Indigenous communities in the planning and management of their Sea Country.
This manual provides information about downloading satellite images from the internet, a
process for community mapping workshops, and transferring data from paper maps into a
GIS.
A GIS is a system for storing, analysing and managing data which are spatially referenced to
the earth. GIS is a technology that is used to make maps, and store information about
locations, points or areas in a computer. There are many GIS software options available. In
this training manual we use ArcMap 9.2.
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BASELINE DATA ACQUISITION
The internet is a good source of baseline data if you do not have high quality satellite images
or aerial photographs of your area of interest. Google Earth (http://earth.google.com/) and
Google Maps (http://maps.google.com/) make available high quality satellite images and
aerial photographs for most regions; in this training manual we use Google Maps.
Step 1: Navigate your internet browser to Google Maps (http://maps.google.com/)
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Step 2: Use the tools
This button allows you to move around your map left
and right, up and down.
These are zoom buttons. The one with the plus symbol
(+) zooms in closer for a more detailed view and the
one with the minus (-) symbol zooms out further to
show a larger area.
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Step 3: Identify the Planning Region
Make sure that you have captured all of the Sea Country within your area of interest. It may
be easier for you to break the area up into smaller regions if your area of interest is large.
Ensure that you have used a scale that is relevant to communities and the species/features
that you want to map during the community workshops. For example, you will need to zoom
close into the map so that you can see the mouths of rivers when mapping the spatial
location of snubfin dolphins.
Step 4: Create your satellite images and maps
There are multiple options when printing data from Google Maps. The best options are to
use the ‘print screen’ button on your keyboard or a program such as SnagIt
(http://www.techsmith.com/screen-capture.asp) or ZapGrab (http://www.zapgrab.net/) to
do a ‘screen capture’. If you do not have access to SnagIt or ZapGrab, use the ‘print screen’
button.
With the Google Maps screen open on your computer, press the ‘print screen’ button on
your keyboard. Open a blank Microsoft ‘Word’ or ‘PowerPoint’ document. With the ‘Word’
or ‘PowerPoint’ document open, press the ‘paste’ button
. Enlarge or reduce the size of
the image so that the map fits the entire page. Use the ‘crop’ button
so that only the
map is shown on the page (i.e. remove the internet address bar).
The most appropriate size to print the maps is between A0 and A2. However, A3 will do if
you do not have access to a printer that can use A0-A2 paper. Make sure that you print in
colour.
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COMMUNITY MAPPING WORKSHOP
Step 1: Agreement of roles and responsibilities
If considered appropriate, a Research Partnership Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding should be negotiated to detail the roles and responsibilities of each of the
partner groups to ensure a clear understanding regarding data gathering protocols, data
access arrangements, data storage and use of the data by each group.
It is also important to talk to community about what kind of information that they would like
to map prior to the workshop, for example dugongs, dolphins, commercial fishing, poaching,
ports and shipping, turtle nesting sites.
Step 2: Workshop planning
The workshop facilitator should explain the context, purpose and nature of the community
workshop at the beginning of the exercise. If appropriate, a written consent form should be
filled in by each participant.
Step 3: Photo markers
Hand out colour coded sticky dots to workshop participants. Ensure that you have an
appropriate key for the sticky dots, e.g. grey dots for dugongs, green dots for turtles and red
dots for threats.
The number of coloured dots that you will need will depend on the number of species/
features that the community wants to map. This is why it is important to ask the community
what they would like to map prior to the workshop (see Step 1).
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Step 4: Satellite images and photographs
Spread out on large tables the satellite images and aerial photographs. Ensure that you
have multiple copies of each image so that everyone has an opportunity to map species/
features within their Sea Country.
Step 5: Take photographs of the images and photographs
Take photographs of the images with dots (only if permitted by the community) and return
all hard-copies to the community.
Example of a Google Maps image, with green dots representing the distribution of
seagrass in the Yanyuwa Sea Country.
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It is important to understand how to use a GIS before transferring community data
from paper maps to your computer. The following section provides basic
instructions for using the GIS software ArcMap 9.2. Instructions for entering
community data into a GIS are provided on page 23.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Introduction to ArcMap 9.2 GIS
Opening ArcMap GIS
Step 1: Click on the ArcMap icon on your computer desktop
Step 2: Select a map
ArcMap will ask you if you want to start
using a new empty map, or use an
existing map.
In this example, we will use a new
empty map.
Click on circle next to ‘A new empty
map’, and select ‘OK’.
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This is what your screen will look like if you choose to open a new empty map:
Step 3: Add the data
The next step is to add the data.
In most cases you will need to
‘overlay’ your data over a base layer.
In this example we are using base
layers from Groote Eylandt in the
Northern Territory. Layers such as
these can be obtained from your
local council or State or Territory
Government.
To add data you need to either click on the Add Data button
or click on File > Add data.
This will let you direct ArcMap to the required data. Navigate to where the data is stored
and click on the name of the layer you want to add and then select Add.
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Once you have added the data, you will see your map is starting to take shape:
This section is
called the
‘Table of Contents’
This section is
called the ‘View’
The example above shows a layer of Australia, towns, roads and drainage lines on Groote
Eylandt. Listed below are some of the buttons you’ll need to use and an explanation of what
they do:
This is the Save button, you will use this every time you want to save your work.
AcrMap uses a lot of processing power on your computer and from time to time it may
freeze your computer. It’s advisable to save your work often.
This is the Add Data button (which you previously used). You use this button to add
layers (also called ‘shapefiles’).
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These are Zoom buttons. The button with the plus symbol (+) zooms in so you can see
a section of your map up-close. The button with the minus symbol (-) zooms out,
allowing you to see more of the map (larger spatial scale).
This button is also used for zoom; it zooms to the extent of your map. This is useful if
you have zoomed in close to check your work or look at something small and need to
zoom back out again quickly.
This is the Pan button. By selecting this button and dragging it over your map, you can
move your screen view up and down, or left and right.
This button allows you to get information on items within your map. You use it by
clicking on it and then on the item you want information about (such as an island). It
will bring up a box that tells you everything you have recorded about that location and
might include latitude, longitude, island name, date, and so on.
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Step 4: Zoom in to look at your area of interest
Select the (+) Zoom button and point it at your area of interest. By continually pressing the
left mouse button, you can zoom in to your area of interest. Your view will then look
something like this:
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Changing symbols and colours
ArcMap automatically selects a colour and symbol for the data that you add. You can change
these colours easily. The symbol and colour are displayed on the left-hand side of the
ArcMap screen (in the box that is called the ‘Table of Contents’), under the text ‘Layers’.
Step 1: Select a layer
To change a layer colour, click on the coloured square below a layer that you want to change
and the Symbol Selector menu will appear.
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Step 2: Changing layer colour
Click on the coloured box next to ‘Fill
Colour’ under ‘Options’ on the right-hand
side of the menu.
A range of colours will appear. Select one
colour. You can also change the outline
colour of your label by selecting the
coloured box next to ‘Outline Colour’ under
‘Options’ on the right-hand side of the
menu.
Make your changes and press OK.
Step 3: Changing symbols
Changing a symbol is very similar.
Click on the symbol you want to
change
(let’s
change
Groote
Towns) and the Symbol Selector
screen will appear. You can select
the symbol, colour and size in
this screen. Once you’ve made
your selection, click press OK.
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How to create a map
When presenting mapped information, it is important to include several things such as a
title, legend, north arrow and scale bar. To create a map that includes these elements you
need to be in the layout view. The layout view lets you view and arrange the various
elements on your map’s page. In layout view you can also add additional elements to your
map (like a north arrow). While you are in layout view, you can still add data and zoom in
around the data frame.
Step 1: Switch to ‘layout view’
To enter the layout view, press the layout
button on the bottom of the screen.
The layout view
button is here
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Once you have clicked on the layout view button, your view will change slightly and your
map will be shown in a box.
Zoom buttons
The view that you now see is the one that will be exported. If you want to zoom in on a
specific area, use the zoom buttons.
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Step 2: Insert map elements
Once you have your layout view
right, it’s time to add the final
touches to your map.
To insert a title, north arrow, legend and scale
bar, click on the Insert menu at the top of the
screen.
A drop-down list will appear. From this, you
can choose to insert a title, legend, north
arrow, or scale bar.
At the top of the screen, you will find the ‘Layout’ toolbar (see below):
These tools will allow you to zoom in and out
of your map, without altering the view
or scale (this tool comes in handy when you are inserting legends and scale bars onto your
map).
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Your map may end up looking
something like this:
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Exporting your map for publishing and printing
When you are satisfied with your map, you may want to export it so that it’s in a format you
can use to insert into something like a report in Microsoft ‘Word’ or a ‘PowerPoint’
presentation. Let’s say, for example, that we want to export the map shown above. The
process is the same regardless of the map.
Step 1: Switch to ‘layout view’
To enter the layout view, press the layout
button on the bottom of the screen (same
process as outlined on page 14).
The layout view
button is here
The view that you now see is the one that will be exported as a picture. If it isn’t perfect,
now is the time to make changes to your map (see ‘How to create a map’, page 14).
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Step 2: Export the map
The final step is to export the map. This is a simple process that involves clicking on File >
Export Map. This will bring up a screen that asks you where you would like your exported
map to be saved. Choose your location and an appropriate name for the map.
There are many different file types that you can save your map as. A JPEG (*.jpg) file type is
recommended.
Once you’ve exported your map you can insert it into a document as you would any picture
file.
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Saving your map
Step 1: Save your project
When you save in ArcMap you save what is called the ‘project’. You don’t save all the layers,
base maps, etc., that you have brought in. They remain where you added them from. All you
are saving is the links to these layers.
To do this click on the save button
or click on File > Save As. Something similar to the
following screen will appear:
To save your project, navigate to where you would like the project to be saved (this may be
your computer’s ‘My Documents’ folder or your portable flash drive), give it a name and
press Save. An ArcMap project is saved as a .mxd file.
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Opening your map
Step 2: Navigate to select ‘an existing map’
ArcMap will ask you if you want to start using a new empty map, or use an existing map.
In this example, we will use an existing map.
Click on circle next to ‘An existing map’, and select ‘OK’.
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Step 3: Find your existing project
A box similar to the one below will appear. To open your project, navigate to where you
saved it, click on the name of the project and then select Open.
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ENTERING COMMUNITY DATA INTO A GIS
You have two options for entering the data collected during community mapping workshops
into a GIS: (1) digitising data directly onto the GIS screen; or (2) importing an Excel
spreadsheet with the co-ordinates of individual dots.
Creating GIS layers from maps
Step 2: Navigate to select ‘a new empty map’
ArcMap will ask you if you want to start using a new empty map, or use an existing map. In
this example, we will use a ‘new empty map’. Click on circle next to ‘A new empty map’,
and select OK.
Step 3: Add baseline data
The next step is to add base-line data such as geo-rectified satellite images or aerial
photographs.
This will let you direct ArcMap to the required data. Navigate to where the data is stored in
your computer, click on the name of the layer you want to add and then select Add.
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Step 4: Zoom in to look at your area of interest
Select the (+) Zoom button and point it to your area of interest. By continually pressing the
left mouse button, you can zoom in. Your view will then look something like this:
This toolbox enables
you to draw graphics
24
Step 5: Add your own graphics
At the very bottom of the screen there are tools that allow you to draw graphics (see above).
Click on the down-arrow next to the white box
You will see a range of different shapes (see diagram, right) that the
program allows you to draw.
If you want to draw dots to represent those that were placed on the map by community
members, use the point
graphic.
If you want to draw line features that community members drew on the maps, use the line
graphic.
If you are drawing a large region, the polygon
graphic is the most appropriate.
Using your mouse, click on the most appropriate tool.
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Step 6: Marking dots on your GIS map
In this example dots will be drawn on the screen. After selecting the point graphic
button at the bottom of the screen, use the computer mouse to move the cursor to the map
and click once on the site where you want to draw a dot. Repeat this action until you have
drawn all your dots. Your view will then look something like this:
XTools toolbox
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Step 7: Save new graphics as a ‘layer’
What you have created is a graphic. You now need to tell the computer to save it as a layer
(if saved as a layer, it can be opened again in another map). If you don’t have the program
XTools Pro on your computer, download it from http://www.xtoolspro.com/.
At the top of the screen, you will see a toolbox called XTools Pro. Click on the down-arrow
button next to XTools Pro and a drop down list will appear. Select ‘Feature Conversions’ and
then ‘Convert graphics to shapes’.
A window like the one below will appear. Select OK.
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You must then tell the computer where to save this information, and give it a name.
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Opening a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in ArcMap 9.2
Step 1: Open Microsoft Excel
Open Microsoft Excel on your computer. We have used Microsoft Office Excel 2007. If you
are using an older version of Microsoft Excel, you may notice some different menus,
however all functions do the same thing. You will be presented with a new worksheet that
looks similar to this:
Step 2: Enter your data into the spreadsheet
Enter the names for each
column in the first row.
Remember to use a negative
symbol (-) in front of the
latitude measurements
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Step 3: Tidy up your data
When you have finished entering your data, specify the number of decimal places in your
longitude and latitude columns.
Select the longitude and latitude
data cells with your cursor
Right-click the mouse
and select ‘Format
Cells’ from the menu
Select ‘Number’
Select the number of decimal
places. In this example we have
chosen three decimal places.
30
Step 4: Save your data
Now it is time to save your data.
Select all of the cells
containing data you
have entered with
your cursor.
1.
At the top left-hand
corner of your screen,
click on the Windows
symbol
2.
Next, select the
‘Save As’ button
3.
Lastly, select the
‘Other Formats’
button
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1.
Navigate to the folder where
you want to save your data
2.
3.
Choose an appropriate
name for your data file
VERY IMPORTANT
In the drop-down menu titled
‘Save as type’, select
CSV (MS-DOS)
32
ArcMap will ask you if you want to start using a new empty map, or use an existing map. In
this example, we will use a ‘new empty map’. Click on circle next to ‘A new empty map’,
and select OK.
This is what your screen will look like if you choose to open a new empty map:
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Step 7: Add the Microsoft Excel CSV data
This will let you direct ArcMap to the required data. Click on the name of the layer you want
to add and then select Add.
Your Excel spreadsheet is now
in ‘ArcGIS’, but there is one
more step before you can see
your data as a map
34
Step 8: View the spreadsheet as a map
Right-click on the name of
the Excel spreadsheet
Select ‘Display XY Data’
in the drop-down menu
This will present you with the following screen. Follow these steps:
1.
Click here to direct ArcGIS
2.
Use the down-arrow to
to your spreadsheet
select ‘Longitude’ in the
drop-down menu
3.
Use the down-arrow to
select ‘Latitude’ in the dropdown menu
4.
Select ‘Edit’
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Step 9: Choose your coordinate system
Now, this is where things get a bit tricky.
Click on ‘Select’
If you are using WGS84, select
‘Geographic Coordinate Systems’
If you are using UTM, select
‘Projected Coordinate Systems’
36
If you are using WGS84:
If you are using WGS84, click on
‘Australia and New Zealand’ and
then click on ‘Add’
Click on ‘Australian
Geodetic Datum 1984.prj’,
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If you are using UTMs:
If you are using UTM,
click on ‘UTM’ and
Click on ‘Wgs 1984’
and then click on ‘Add’
Scroll-down to ‘WGS 1984 UTM
Zone (select your zone)’, click
on it and then click on ‘Add’
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Step 10: Spatial reference properties
After you have chosen your co-ordinate system, the program takes you back to your original
screen.
Click on ‘OK’
Click on ‘OK’ again
You haven’t finished yet!
Just one more step to go.
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Step 11: Save your data
Your data has not been saved yet – to do so:
1.
Right-click on the
layer with the
dot/box/line
beneath it.
40
2.
Click on ‘Data’
3.
Click on
‘Export Data’
Click on the
‘Folder’ button
Use the drop-down menu
to navigate to the folder
where you want to save
your data.
Name your file and
then click on ‘Save’
FINISHED!
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Notes
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Community Engagement Tools for Sea Country

Transcription

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