Total Hip Replacement Surgery Patient Guide 14-Dec

Transcription

A New Hip for You
YOUR GUIDE TO HIP REPLACEMENT
What to do and what to expect
before, during and after your surgery
w ww .albertabo nea ndjoi nt.com
07/12/2010
www.covenanthealth.ca
w ww .albertahe althservices.ca
Copyright © 2010, Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute. All Rights Reserved.
Special Instructions
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Contents
Introduction
2
Why Do I Need My Hip Replaced?
3
Risks of surgery
Be Prepared for Your Surgery
Follow instructions about your medications before surgery
Equipment you need for a safe and successful recovery
Phase 1 exercises to build your strength before surgery
What to bring to hospital
The day before surgery
Checklist
On the Day of Your Surgery
Using the special skin cleaning sponge at home
When you get to the hospital
In the operating room
In your hospital room
After Surgery
4
5
7
8
9
12
12
13
14
14
14
15
16
17
Managing pain after surgery
Managing your bathroom needs after surgery
Rehabilitation
Leg swelling
Movements to avoid after surgery
Managing at Home
Sitting in a chair
Using the toilet
Getting into and out of bed
Getting dressed
Bathing
Getting into and out of a car or truck
Preparing meals
Driving
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19
20
21
21
23
23
23
24
24
25
26
26
28
Going Home
29
Activities and Sports
32
Signs of Problems
34
Frequently Asked Questions
35
Phase 2 Exercises to Improve Your Recovery after Surgery 37
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1
Introduction
Now that you are going to have hip replacement surgery, it is important to know
all you can about it, including:
• Why you need your hip replaced.
• What you will have in place of your hip.
• The risks of surgery.
• What you can expect before, during and after surgery.
• What you can do to help make your surgery a success.
This guide will help answer these questions. Take the time to read it with your
family and friends, especially those who will be giving you some help. You and
they will have the benefit of knowing what you should do to get ready for your
surgery, what will happen during your stay in the hospital, and what you can do
to get back on your feet after surgery.
All your appointments before and after surgery will be at the Hip and Knee
Replacement Clinic. Your Case Manager will arrange all of your care with input
from the rest of your health care team. The team will include your surgeon,
other doctors, medical office assistants, an occupational therapist and a
physical therapist. Others may be added to your health care team as needed.
Your Case Manager and other health care team members will support you
while you wait for surgery and as you go through rehabilitation and recovery.
You will also play an important role by following the easy steps in this guide. It
is important that you find someone who will be your ‘buddy’. This person will
help you with the things you must do to prepare for surgery and to have a
successful recovery from surgery. This will include going with you to and from
the Hip and Knee Replacement Clinic and the hospital.
Talk to your Case Manager if you have any concerns or questions.
Please bring this guide with you when you visit the Hip and Knee
Replacement Clinic, attend therapy sessions and go to the hospital.
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Why Do I Need My Hip Replaced?
Most people have a hip replacement because the cartilage, or cushioning,
between the bones in their hip has worn away and the bones are rubbing
against each other. This causes pain and stiffness in the hip.
If you have this problem, the pain might be keeping you awake at night. It may
be causing you to cut back or stop doing your normal everyday activities, such
as working, going for a walk, going up and down stairs, gardening and
shopping. After trying other treatments such as drugs and exercise, the pain
and stiffness haven’t gone away or are worse.
A hip replacement means that the damaged hip joint is removed and replaced
with parts made of metal, plastic and metal, or ceramic. The pain should stop or
you should feel only a low level of pain or discomfort, and your hip should be
more flexible with the new parts.
There are three types of hip replacement surgery. Your surgeon will tell you
which type you need. The three types are:
Total hip replacement: The entire hip joint is removed and replaced with new
parts.
Hip resurfacing: Only the damaged surfaces in the hip joint are removed and
replaced with new parts.
Hip revision: The parts used to replace the hip have become damaged or
loose and have to be removed and replaced with new ones.
There are many types of hip replacement parts. The type you need depends on
the condition of your hip, your age, weight, and the activities you like to do.
Your surgeon will tell you about the type that is best for you.
Healthy Hip Joint
Hip Replacement
Hip socket
Hip
socket
Ball of
thigh bone
New
ball and
stem
Stem of
thigh bone
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Damaged Hip
Damaged
ball and
socket
Thigh
bone
3
Risks of Surgery
Hip replacements are safe in general, but there are risks. Your surgeon and
health care team will talk to you about the risks of surgery. Some of the risks
and the steps taken to reduce them are as follows:
• Germs enter the body and cause an infection: Infections can come from
anywhere on your body, such as your teeth, skin, throat and urine. Drugs are
given before and after surgery to prevent infection. It is important to let your
Case Manager know if you think you have an infection anywhere.
• Blood hardens into a clump called a blood clot: Clots can develop in the
deep veins in the legs. Blood thinners are taken to prevent clots. Getting up
and moving around as soon as possible after surgery also helps to prevent
clots. In a very small number of cases, blood clots can move to the lungs
becoming a serious problem. Tell your surgeon and Case Manager if you
have ever had a blood clot.
• The ball of the new hip joint pops out of the socket: This is called a
dislocation. You can help prevent this by following the steps in this guide and
using your equipment and aids until your health care team tells you they are
no longer needed.
• Change in leg length: Your operated leg may be longer after surgery. When
this happens, the increase is usually small and does not need to be treated.
A shoe lift can be used if necessary.
• A break in the bone around your new joint: You may need to put less
weight on your leg or have another surgery if this happens.
• Nerve, bleeding, or blood vessel injury: Changes in feeling and movement
may occur after surgery. Be sure to tell your health care team about any
changes.
• Heart attack, breathing or lung problems, stroke, allergic reaction to
drugs, or death: These are risks with any surgery. You and your health care
team will work together to reduce them.
• The new hip parts become loose: Your new hip joint may loosen over time.
It is important to tell your health care team about any new pain in your hip. It
is also important to go to all of your follow-up visits after surgery. You may
need surgery again if your new joint becomes too loose.
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Be Prepared for Your Surgery
Be as healthy as possible: Eat healthy foods, drink lots of fluids, and get
plenty of rest and exercise. Use Canada’s Food Guide to choose the type and
amount of food you need for good health. Healthy eating before surgery will
help you:
• Reduce the risk of illness that may delay your surgery or make
it more difficult.
• Build up iron in your blood to increase your energy level and
help your body fight infections.
• Reach and stay at a healthy weight.
Look after health problems before surgery: This especially includes
problems with your teeth and eyesight, with the prostate (a male gland), and
with the urinary tract, which enables you to urinate. Have prescriptions for
medications refilled.
Get dental work done: You must have any problems with your teeth taken
care of before surgery. This will reduce the risk of infection after surgery. Get
your teeth cleaned. Make sure all the work that must be done on your teeth is
completed. Your surgery will be delayed if this is not done.
Ask questions: Be sure you understand what will be done and
what you are agreeing to when you sign the form for surgery. Read
this guide before going to your Hip and Knee Replacement teaching
class and write down your questions or concerns.
Stay active: Continue to do all your regular activities. Begin right away
to build strength in your legs, arms and stomach by doing the simple
exercises on pages 9 to 11 in this guide. Doing these exercises before
your surgery will help you get moving again after surgery.
Find a buddy: Your buddy will help you get to and from the clinic and hospital,
and will help with the many things that have to be done before and after
surgery and while you are in the hospital.
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Quit (or cut down) smoking: It will take longer to heal if you smoke.
Even so, do not change your smoking habit the night before surgery if
you have not been able to quit or cut back.
Get your home ready for your recovery: Make it as easy and safe
as possible to get around your home after surgery by doing some simple things
ahead of time:
• Arrange items in the kitchen and other areas of your home so you can reach
them without bending more than 90 degrees (see “Movements to Avoid after
Surgery” on page 21).
• Adjust the height of your bed so that the top of the mattress is 5 cm to 10 cm
(2 inches to 4 inches) above your knee.
• Position your furniture so that you have space to move around safely using a
walker or crutches.
• Remove loose mats or clutter that could cause you to trip or slip.
• Install handrails on stairways. If you cannot install handrails, arrange to have
someone help you go up and down stairs when you first arrive home.
• Make sure you have the right type of chair (see “Managing at Home” on
page 23).
• If you have a tub with a shower door, take off the door and replace it with a
shower curtain.
• Have all of the equipment you will need for your recovery in place 1 to 2
weeks before your surgery (see “Equipment You Need for a Safe and
Successful Recovery” on page 8). Having the equipment in place ahead of
time will give you the chance to practice with it before surgery so that you
can manage more easily and safely once you return home.
Get heavy housework done ahead of time: Do laundry, vacuuming and other
heavy work around the house before your surgery.
Plan for your food needs: Stock up on groceries and make frozen meals.
Arrange your transportation: You will need transportation to have your blood
tested and for follow-up visits with your health care team. You must also
arrange a ride home from the hospital. You could be released from the hospital
in the morning, afternoon or evening. Make plans to have your buddy or
someone else ready to pick you up from the hospital at any time of the day. It is
important to leave the hospital as soon as possible so that your bed can be
used for the next patient.
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Improve the health of your blood: You may be asked to join a program to
make your blood healthier. Studies show that patients with healthy blood before
surgery are less likely to need donated blood during surgery, spend less time in
the hospital, and recover more quickly.
Arrange for support after surgery: You will most likely be in hospital 3 days.
Talk to your family and friends about your surgery and explain how they can
help once you return home.
• Arrange for help with tasks such as housework, meals, yard
work and banking.
• If you live alone, have your buddy or someone else stay with you
or make plans to stay with someone for a week or more after
surgery.
• If someone depends on you for care, arrange for someone else to give the
care while you are recovering.
Follow Instructions about Your Medications before Surgery
Your surgeon and Case Manager will tell you which of your prescription
and non-prescription medications to stop taking before surgery.
Bring all of your prescription and non-prescription medications to the
hospital, including any herbal products you are taking.
It is very important to tell your Case Manager before your surgery if any of
your medications have changed.
Tell your Case Manager right away if you notice any changes in your
health while waiting for surgery. Also, be sure to tell your Case Manager if
you are allergic to any medications or metals.
Do not use any lotions or creams on your sore hip and leg beginning 5 days
before your surgery.
Do not drink alcohol beginning 48 hours before your surgery.
Do not eat or drink anything after midnight before your surgery.
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Equipment You Need for a Safe and Successful Recovery
The following equipment is very important for protecting your hip and reducing
the risk of falling after surgery. You should have all of the equipment you need
in place 1 to 2 weeks before surgery and begin practicing with it right away.
Keep it for about 3 months after surgery.
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Crutches, cane and walker
Reacher
Sock aid, elastic shoelaces and long-handled shoe horn
Long-handled sponge/brush
Raised toilet seat
Toilet armrests
Bathtub seat/shower seat/bathtub transfer bench
Removable bathtub grab bar
Non-slip bathtub mat
Chair with armrests
Other equipment as suggested by your health care team
These items may be:
1. Rented or bought from medical and surgical supply stores, which are listed
in the Yellow Pages phone book under Home Health Care Supplies.
Note: To save shopping around, you can buy crutches at the hospital on the
day you arrive for surgery, unless you need special crutches for your
height or weight.
You can also rent crutches and walkers from a pharmacy.
2. Borrowed from a medical equipment loan program if available in your area.
3. Borrowed from friends or family as long as the items are in good working
order and safe, and are the right type for your height and weight.
4. Borrowed from the Community Health Unit or Home Care.
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Phase 1 Exercises to Build Your Strength before Surgery
Begin Now and Continue after Surgery
You must exercise before and after surgery to build your strength and flexibility.
Exercising is necessary for a successful recovery and return to normal living.
Start doing these exercises at home right away and continue to do them at
home after your surgery. Be sure to do them on both legs. Do all exercises
slowly and with control. Repeat each one at least 5 times, increasing the
number of times as long as it does not cause too much pain.
Exercise 1: Increase hip flexibility and
strengthen back thigh muscles
• Bend one knee and hip by sliding your heel along
the bed toward your buttocks (backside).
• Keep your knee facing the ceiling.
• Hold for a count of 3 to 5.
• Slowly straighten your knee sliding your heel
back to the starting position. Repeat.
Exercise 2: Increase hip flexibility and leg
strength
• Slide one leg out to the side and back again so
that it is in line with your bellybutton.
• Make sure to not go any further than shown in the
picture.
• Keep your knee straight and toes pointed to the ceiling while sliding your leg.
• Hold for a count of 3 to 5. Repeat.
Exercise 3: Strengthen front thigh muscles
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Place a firm roll under one knee.
Straighten the leg, lifting your foot off the bed.
Hold for a count of 3 to 5.
Slowly lower your foot. Repeat.
9
Exercise 4: Strengthen stomach muscles
• Lying on your back, bend both knees while keeping your feet flat.
• Tighten your lower stomach muscles by pulling
your bellybutton down toward your spine.
• Breathe normally while holding muscles tight for a
count of 3 to 5. Relax and repeat.
• Sitting on a steady chair with your thigh supported, lift one
foot and straighten your knee.
• Slowly lower your foot to the floor. Repeat.
Exercise 6: Strengthen back thigh muscles and increase leg
flexibility
• Sitting on a steady chair with your feet on a smooth surface,
slowly slide one foot back as far as possible.
• Slowly slide your foot back to the starting position. Repeat.
Exercise 7: Strengthen upper arms and shoulders
• Sitting on a steady chair with your feet flat on the floor, push up
with both arms to lift yourself from the chair only partially.
• Slowly lower yourself onto the chair. Repeat.
Exercise 8: Strengthen stomach muscles
• Sit on a steady chair and put both feet flat on the floor.
• Tighten your lower stomach muscles by pulling your
bellybutton toward the back of the chair.
• Breathe normally while holding muscles tight for a count of
3 to 5. Relax and repeat.
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When doing the exercises below, remember to stand straight, tuck in your
stomach and tighten your buttocks.
Exercise 9: Increase hip flexibility and leg strength
• Holding onto a table or countertop for stable support, stand with
your back and legs straight.
• Slowly move one leg out to the side, then back toward your
bellybutton keeping the leg straight at all times. Repeat.
• Holding onto a table or countertop for stable support, keep your
back and legs straight and slowly move one leg behind you.
• Do not lean forward. Keep the leg straight.
• Slowly return your leg to the starting position. Repeat.
• Holding onto a table or countertop for stable support, lift one knee
as if to go up a step.
Exercise 12: Strengthen back thigh muscles
• Holding onto a table or countertop for stable support, bend
one knee by lifting the heel of your foot toward your buttocks.
• Do not move your thigh forward.
Exercise 13: Strengthen front thigh and buttock muscles
• Holding onto a table or countertop for stable support, stand with your
legs shoulder width apart and your toes pointed forward.
• Slowly bend your knees, keeping your heels on the floor and your
knees apart. Do not bend forward.
• Keep your weight on your heels as you bend your knees. Do not
move the tips of your knees past your toes at the bottom of the bend.
• Slowly return to a standing position. Repeat.
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What to Bring to Hospital
It is important to bring Your Guide to Hip Replacement with you to
the hospital.
Also bring to the hospital the personal care items you will need, such as
toothbrush and toothpaste, hair brush, soap and shampoo, deodorant, shaving
items, robe and pyjamas. Make sure to put your name on all of your things.
Pack loose-fitting clothing for your hospital stay, including top, pants or shorts,
underwear and socks. Include a pair of adjustable non-slip shoes that give you
good support and can be loosened to fit around bandages on the foot or to
allow for swelling after surgery.
Bring to the hospital all the medications you take, including all
prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal products and inhalers.
Bring these in their original container or in the pharmacy package. Do not use
your own medications during your hospital stay. The ones you need while in
the hospital will be given to you.
You should also bring to the hospital your crutches, walker and dressing
aids. Put your name on all your equipment.
There is not much storage space in hospital rooms so please pack
only what you need in a small overnight bag.
Do not bring electronic items, such as laptop computers and cell phones,
or anything of value, such as jewellery and credit cards.
The Day before Surgery
• Be sure you have everything you need for your stay in the hospital.
• Review the agreement you signed with your Case Manager at the Hip and
Knee Replacement Clinic.
• If you have questions, phone the clinic and speak with your Case Manager.
• Do not eat or drink anything after midnight before your surgery.
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Checklist
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My dental work is up to date.
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All heavy housekeeping activities (vacuuming, laundry, etc.) have been done
ahead of time.
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I have arranged for help after surgery with:
□ housework
□ making meals
□ yard work
□ banking
□ other ________________________________________
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I have stocked up on groceries.
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I have arranged furniture so that I have the space to move around safely
with my walker or crutches.
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I have the right type of chair.
I am exercising every day to prepare for surgery.
I have my buddy (name)__________________________________
I have someone who will stay with me after I go home.
I have arranged for someone to take me home from the hospital after
surgery.
I have the equipment and walking aids I will need after surgery.
I have rearranged the things I need at home so I can reach them easily and
safely.
I know which of my prescription and non-prescription drugs to stop taking.
I have packed a bag for my hospital stay and put my name on all my things.
I have packed Your Guide to Hip Replacement.
I have packed all my prescription and non-prescription medications and
herbal products in their original container or pharmacy package.
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On the Day of Your Surgery
Using the Special Skin Cleaning Sponge at Home
Now that your surgery day has arrived, it’s time
to use the special sponge you were given at the
Hip and Knee Replacement Clinic to clean your
skin. Use it in the shower at home. Rub the
sponge over the skin around the area of surgery
for 2 to 3 minutes, until it becomes foamy (see
picture). Rinse away the soap and towel dry.
Phone your Case Manager if you have any
questions.
When You Get to the Hospital
You will be checked into the hospital by the admitting nurse on
the day of your surgery. The nurse will check that you have
followed all instructions leading up to surgery and will prepare you
for surgery. Tell the nurse or surgeon of any changes in your
health since your last visit to the Hip and Knee Replacement
Clinic.
Before you go into the operating room, an intravenous (in-tra-vee-nus), also
called an IV, will be put into a vein (usually in your hand or arm). Medication
and fluids will be given to you through the IV during and after surgery.
You may also meet the doctor who will give you medication to control pain
during surgery. This doctor is called an anesthesiologist (an-es-theez-ee-ol-ogist).
Your buddy, a family member or friend may stay with you until you go into the
operating room.
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In the Operating Room
Once you are in the operating room, you will see different types of equipment
used to closely watch your condition during surgery. This includes a machine to
monitor your heart, a cuff to monitor your blood pressure, and a sensor that is
attached to your finger to monitor your oxygen level.
You may be given something to make you drowsy and help you relax.
You will be given medication called an anesthetic (an-ess-the-tik) to control
pain.
There are two types of anesthetic:
1) Spinal, which causes you to lose feeling in the lower part of your body.
2) General, which puts you to sleep during surgery.
If you have a spinal, you will also be given medication to make you drowsy
during surgery. Spinal is usually used because patients do not feel as sick and
are able to get up and begin moving around more quickly after surgery.
Surgery involves opening up your skin and muscles to get to the hip joint,
removing the damaged parts and replacing them. The muscles are then
reattached and the incision, or cut, in the skin is closed. A bandage is put on
the area to protect it. A plastic tube, called a catheter, may be placed in your
bladder to drain urine without having to go to a toilet.
You may not have any feeling in your legs for awhile after surgery because of
the anesthetic. This is normal. The feeling in your legs will return slowly.
In the Recovery Room
After surgery, you will be taken into the recovery room. Here you will be
watched for any signs of problems. A nurse will ask you to take deep breaths
and do foot and ankle exercises every hour while you are awake.
The nurse will also check the circulation and feeling in your leg and keep an
eye on your breathing, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure and pain level.
You will be in the recovery room for about an hour or until you are ready to go
to your hospital room.
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In Your Hospital Room
You will be able to have visitors once your nurse has checked your condition.
Your breathing, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure will continue to be
watched. You will still have an IV. A nurse will show you where the call bell is
located and how to use it to call for help. The side rails on your bed will be
raised until the effects of the anesthetic have worn off.
A pillow will be placed between your legs to keep your hip in the right position
and keep your legs apart to reduce the risk of dislocating your new hip.
You will have to breathe deeply and cough often to prevent lung problems after
surgery.
At first, do not try to change your position or get out of bed without the help of
hospital staff. You will be shown how to use your arms and healthy leg to
change position in bed. Your physical therapist or nurse will tell you when to
change your position in bed, sit at the edge of the bed, sit up in a chair, get out
of bed, and begin walking. You will stand and walk on the day you have
surgery.
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After Surgery
Managing Pain after Surgery
It is very important that your pain is well managed after surgery. You will be
more active and better able to move with less pain.
You can expect to feel some pain after surgery even when you take pain
medication. You should not have a lot of pain.
You need to tell the nurses when you are feeling pain and ask for medication.
If possible, take pain medication 30 to 45 minutes before your physical therapy
sessions.
How You Can Help Control Your Pain
• Tell the hospital staff about your concerns and any allergies to medication.
It’s okay to ask questions.
• Tell the hospital staff when you begin to have pain. Do not wait until the pain
is bad.
• If you have had surgery before, tell hospital staff which pain medications
worked best for you and which, if any, you prefer.
• Give hospital staff the names and amounts of all medications you were
taking before going to the hospital.
• Ask the nurse for ice to place on your hip and for pillows to keep your leg
raised. This will reduce pain and swelling.
Use the Pain Scale
The following scale is an important tool for keeping track of your pain. You will
be asked to rate your pain level using this scale.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(No
pain)
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9
10
(Worst pain
possible)
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Ways You Can Be Given Medication to Manage Your Pain
IV: You will be given medication through an IV to help manage your pain or if
you feel sick to your stomach.
Pills: You will be given pills for your pain once you start eating and drinking
after surgery. It is important that your pain is managed with pills as soon as
possible. A combination of medicines will be used if you have a lot of pain
during the first day or two. Make sure you have a prescription for the pain
medicine you will need to take at home.
Deep Breathing, Coughing and Moving after Surgery
You will have to breathe deeply and cough often after surgery to clear your
lungs. You will also stand and walk on the day you have surgery.
Medications to Prevent Blood Clots
You must take a blood thinner after surgery to prevent blood clots, which can
partially or completely block the flow of blood. Your surgeon will decide how
long you should be on a blood thinner based on your medical history. You will
be given a prescription for the blood thinner you must take at home. It will be
taken by pill or needle. Your health care team will give you more information
about the blood thinner and how to take it before you leave the hospital.
Diet
It is important to eat healthy foods and drink lots of fluids after your surgery.
After surgery, you will be given fluids through an IV. Follow the healthy eating
advice in Canada’s Food Guide once you feel well enough to eat and drink.
Ask your health care team about taking a supplement if you are not getting
enough healthy food.
Healthy eating after surgery:
• Helps repair muscles and tissues.
• Builds up iron, helping restore blood that was lost during surgery.
• Boosts strength and energy to do exercises.
• Reduces the chance of feeling sick, losing too much body fluid, and losing
too much weight.
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Managing Your Bathroom Needs after Surgery
If you had a tube inserted to drain your urine during and after surgery, it will be
taken out the morning after surgery. The nurses will make sure you can urinate
without the tube. You may feel some pain from gas after your surgery.
You should drink at least 8 glasses of water every day after surgery and do
your exercises. This will help prevent constipation.
If you are constipated, a nurse will offer you something to help your stools pass.
It is important to tell the nurse when you have passed stools.
Washing, Brushing and Other Personal Needs
Hospital staff will help you wash, brush your teeth and look after other personal
cleanliness needs until you are able to do this yourself. You will have basin
baths at the bedside or wash while sitting in a chair next to the sink the day
after your surgery. You will be allowed to shower after the dressing around the
area of surgery is changed for the first time or when your surgeon tells you it is
alright to shower.
Rest and Exercise
Both rest and exercise are needed for a successful recovery. You will become
tired easily the first few weeks after surgery and your normal sleep patterns
may change. Rest when you feel tired. You will benefit more from shorter
activities done more often, such as walking, than from a single long activity.
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Rehabilitation
You will be helped to move from your bed to a chair and may be standing and
walking within 4 to 8 hours after surgery. Your activity level will increase every
day. You will also begin a program to help improve the flexibility or range of
movement in your new hip and make the hip stronger.
• Most patients are allowed to put as much weight on their operated leg as
they can tolerate without limping. Your health care team will let you know if
your surgeon wants to limit the amount of weight you can put on your leg.
• Your physical therapist will teach you to walk with crutches or a walker and
will review the exercises you have been doing. You will be given more
information about using your walking aids when you go to the clinic for
follow-up 14 days after surgery.
• It is important to continue using your walking aids until your surgeon or
physical therapist tells you they are no longer needed.
• Your health care team will check your ability to do exercises on your own and
to move around, and whether you have the skills needed to manage at
home. Your health care team will use the results to recommend when you
should leave the hospital and which, if any, community services you will need
at home.
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Leg Swelling
Your leg may swell as you become more active after surgery. The amount of
swelling can change. It is normal for your hip to be warm and swollen for many
weeks after surgery. Contact your Case Manager right away if you have a
fever, pain around the incision where you had surgery, or fluid is draining from
the incision, as you may have an infection.
To control the swelling, do not sit for more than 20 to
30 minutes at a time. Lie down on your back with
your leg resting on pillows so that it is raised. Place
the pillows against a solid object, such as a wall, to
keep them from sliding. Your foot should be above
the level of your heart. Keep your leg as straight as
you can. Do this 2 to 3 times a day for 45 minutes each time.
A cold pack should be put on the warm or swollen area. Use crushed ice in a
bag, an instant cold pack or a bag of frozen peas or corn. A thin towel should be
placed between your skin and the cold pack to protect your skin. Do not leave
the cold pack in one place for more than 20 minutes at a time.
Movements to Avoid after Surgery
You should increase your activities after surgery a little at a time. But there are
some movements you should not do at all.
90 degrees
Bending your hip more than 90 degrees
•
Do not bring your knee higher than your hip when
sitting.
•
Do not reach beyond your knees.
•
Do not reach down for objects on the floor.
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looks like this:
21
Twisting
Do not twist your operated leg when standing, sitting or lying
down. Keep your toes facing the same direction.
Take small steps when turning instead of twisting your leg.
Crossing your legs
Do not bring your leg across the mid-line of your body.
Do not cross your legs at the knee or ankle when sitting,
standing or lying down.
You must have a pillow between your legs when sleeping on your back or side.
22
07/12/2010
Managing at Home
The following information will help you to learn new ways to go about your daily
activities safely while you are recovering. Add to your daily activities a little at a
time, being careful to avoid the movements and positions that are not safe for
your operated leg (see “Movements to Avoid after Surgery” on page 21).
Sitting in a Chair
Choose a steady chair with a firm seat and armrests. You can raise the seat
height by adding a firm cushion. Do not sit on low or soft chairs and couches or
on chairs that have wheels or that rock or swivel.
To Sit:
1. Back up until you feel the chair at the back of your legs.
2. Slide your operated leg forward slightly.
3. Bend both knees and lower yourself gently onto the chair
using the armrests for support.
4. Do the reverse to stand.
Do not use your walker to raise yourself from the chair.
Always push up with your hands from where you are
seated.
Using the Toilet
You may need a raised toilet seat and toilet armrests. Make sure the toilet
paper is within easy reach.
To Sit:
1. Back up until you feel the toilet seat against the back of
your legs.
2. Slide your operated leg forward slightly.
3. Bend both knees and lower yourself slowly onto the toilet
seat using toilet armrests, the countertop or the sink for
support.
4. Do the reverse to get up from the toilet.
Do not use your walker to raise yourself from the toilet.
Always push up with your hands from where you are
seated.
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23
Getting into and out of Bed
Avoid low beds, soft mattresses and waterbeds. Adjust the bed height so that
the top of the mattress is 5 cm to 10 cm (2 inches to 4 inches) above your
knee. Do not reach forward to pull up the covers. Use a reacher instead.
Support your operated leg with pillows when lying on your good side.
Do not rest with a pillow under your knee when you are lying on your
back.
To Get into Bed:
1. Sit on the bed the same way you would sit on a chair.
2. Slide your buttocks back until your knees are on the bed.
3. Pivot on your buttocks as you lift your legs onto the bed. Remember to
keep your legs apart.
4. Lift your legs onto the bed as you pivot – but remember to keep your legs
apart and your toes in line with your nose to avoid twisting your operated
hip.
5. You may use a pillow to keep your legs apart when lying in bed.
6. Do the reverse to get out of bed.
Getting Dressed
Use special equipment to avoid bending more than 90
degrees when dressing yourself. This includes a reacher, a
long-handled shoehorn, dressing sticks, elastic shoelaces,
and sock aid. Other steps to make getting dressed easier
and safer are as follow:
• Choose loose-fitting clothing, including socks.
• Wear low-heeled shoes with elastic laces.
• Be sure to dress your operated leg first and undress
it last.
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Bathing
You will not be able to sit on the bottom of the tub to bathe for at least 3 months.
You should bathe from a sitting position using a chair at the sink or in the tub or
walk-in shower. Have someone help you get into and out of the tub and with
showering until you can do this safely on your own. Once you are in the tub, do
not reach forward for the faucet. Instead, have someone turn the faucet on
and off. If you are steady enough, stand up to turn them on and off yourself.
To Get into the Tub:
1. Back up slowly and carefully until you can feel the tub against the back of
your legs. Hold onto the tub grab bar for support and, with your other hand,
reach back for the bath seat and lower your buttocks onto it.
2. Pivot on your buttocks and lift your legs one at a time over the side of the tub.
3. Use a hand-held showerhead,
long-handled sponge and soapon-a-rope to avoid leaning
forward and bending too much.
4. Do the reverse to get out of the
tub.
Showering
Have your buddy or someone else help you get into the shower and keep your
walker steady if needed. If there is a grab bar on the wall, use it instead of the
walker. A grab bar is more stable.
To Get into the Shower:
1. Walk to the lip of the shower and turn so that you are facing away from the
shower stall.
2. Reach back with one hand for the back of a chair placed in the shower.
3. Move your operated leg forward.
4. Sit down on the chair.
5. Lift your legs over the lip of the shower stall and turn to sit facing the
faucet.
6. Do the reverse to get out of the shower.
Note: You may stand in the shower if it is too small for a bath seat and you are
steady on your feet. Install grab bars and a rubber bath mat to prevent slipping.
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25
Getting into and out of a Car or Truck
Avoid small cars with low seats. Sit in the front passenger seat. The seatback
should be tilted back a little and the seat should be pushed as far back as
possible.
If you are getting into a car, make sure it is parked about 1 metre (3 feet) from
the curb. If you are getting into a higher vehicle, such as an SUV or truck, make
sure it is parked close to the curb. Put a large plastic bag on the seat to make
sliding in and out easier.
To Get into the Car or Truck:
1. Back up slowly and carefully with your walking aid until you can feel the
edge of the car or truck against the back of your legs.
2. Hold onto the back of the seat and the frame for support. Slide your
operated leg forward slightly, bend both your knees and sit. Be careful not
to hit your head.
3. Slide your buttocks back toward the middle of the seat. Pivot on your
buttocks as you lift your legs one at a time into the car or truck.
4. Do the reverse to get out.
Preparing Meals
26
•
Use prepared meals, frozen meals, Meals-on-Wheels or order in food.
•
Use the oven only if you can do so without bending your hip more than 90
degrees or twisting. A microwave or stovetop is best.
•
Move your kettle to a place that is close to where you sit.
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Working in the Kitchen
• Keep the items you use often within easy reach and use a
long-handled reacher if items are out of reach. Try not to
store food on low shelves.
• Slide objects along the countertops – don’t
lift them.
• Use a wheeled trolley or cart to move items
when your hands are busy with a walking
aid.
• Carry things in an apron with large pockets,
in a fanny pack, or in a bag attached to your
walker.
• Sit on a high stool when doing countertop
tasks (see picture at right).
Shopping
• Shop at stores that are easy to get to and have elevators and easy-to-use
parking areas.
• Bring your walking aid with you.
• Bring your reacher to pick up items from the lower shelves.
• Use a backpack to carry the things you buy.
• If possible, get your buddy, family or friends to help you.
• Buy canned or frozen goods to cut back on the number of shopping trips you
must make.
Note: Some grocery stores will deliver. Check with your local store
manager.
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27
Doing Laundry
• Have someone do laundry for you. If this is not possible, reduce the laundry
loads to a few items at a time, carrying them in a plastic bag, backpack or
wheeled cart.
• A reacher may make it easier to get laundry in and out of front-loading
washers and dryers.
• Sit on a high stool when ironing clothes.
Doing House and Yard Work
• You should be able to do light housekeeping, such as dusting and washing
dishes.
• Arrange for your buddy or someone else to help with heavy work, such as
vacuuming, washing floors, changing bed sheets, cutting the grass and
shovelling snow.
• Take out small amounts of garbage at a time if there is no one to do this for
you.
• Hire help if possible.
Driving
• Your surgeon will tell you when it is safe to start driving again.
• Your health care team will give you information about transportation services
in your community.
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Going Home
You will most likely be ready to go home on the third day after your surgery.
Before letting you go home, your health care team will check whether:
• You have met the goals for your new hip:
You can get to and from a bed and chair without help.
You can stand safely with your crutches or walker.
You can go up and down stairs safely.
You can walk the distance you will need to walk in your home.
You are able to do your home exercises and daily living activities safely.
You know and can avoid the movements and positions that are not safe
for your operated leg (see “Movements to Avoid after Surgery” on page
21).
• You are eating and going to the bathroom normally.
• You can wash, brush your teeth, shave, and look after all your other personal
cleanliness needs without help.
• The incision from your surgery is clean and dry. You may need home care if
fluid is draining from the incision. This will be arranged before you go home.
• Your pain is under control. (You will be given a prescription for pain
medication.)
Your health care team may decide you need more help before you can go
home.
No two people improve at the same rate. How you do after your surgery
depends mainly on you. When you are at home:
• Do your home exercises regularly increasing little by little the number of
times you do them each day. This will help your leg muscles become strong
enough to give you the support you need and will help you get back to your
normal everyday activities.
• It is important to walk as much as you can every day. Begin with short
walks taken often. Increase the distance a little at a time. Continue to use
your walking aids until your surgeon or physical therapist tells you they are
no longer needed.
• You can sleep on either side but you must sleep with a pillow between your
legs.
07/12/2010
29
• Do not jar or twist your new hip suddenly. Make sure you do not bend it in
an uncontrolled way.
• Do not cross your legs.
• Do not sleep with a pillow under the knee of your operated leg.
It is normal to lose some feeling in the skin around the incision where you had
surgery. This usually lessens or goes away after a few months.
You should no longer have as much pain as you had before surgery. However,
you may still have some discomfort for a long period. If so, talk to your Case
Manager or surgeon about the best way to manage it.
30
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Notes
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31
Activities and Sports
Some activities and sports are harder on the hips than others. Talk to your
surgeon about when you can start doing the ones you enjoy. As a guideline,
you should walk every day, beginning with short walks taken often. Increase
your distance a little at a time and be careful not to overdo it.
You may feel some stiffness in your new hip, especially when doing activities or
sports that cause the hip to bend. One of the aims of surgery is to improve your
hip’s flexibility, or range of movement, and reduce the stiffness. How much hip
movement you get is often related to how much stiffness you had before
surgery.
Be careful not to fall and injure your hip.
Travel tip: Your new hip joint may set off metal detectors at airports. Before
you line up to go through a security check, tell a security agent that there are
metal parts in your new hip.
Activity Guidelines
Ask your surgeon about any sports or other activities you wish to do. The
following are only guidelines for what you may do:
During the First 3 Months after Surgery
Walking.
Continue doing your home exercises (see “Phase 1 Exercises” on pages 9
to 11).
After 3 Months
Swimming and other pool exercises – but do not make any twisting motions
such as a whip kick.
Low-impact fitness exercises that do not involve jumping, twisting, quick
stops and starts or other movements that put sudden force on your hip.
Treadmill.
Golfing.
Cycling. The seat and handlebars must be set high enough so that you do
not have to bend your hip more than 90 degrees.
Slow, gentle dancing.
Light hiking.
Gardening – but use raised beds or long-handled tools to avoid bending
your hip more than 90 degrees.
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Activities You Should Not Do
×
×
×
×
×
Lifting and pushing heavy objects (more than 11 kg or 25 lbs.).
Bending your hip more than 90 degrees when squatting or kneeling.
Fast, jolting or twisting dancing.
Running, tennis, badminton, squash, downhill skiing, contact sports.
Some gym activities such as:
• High-impact exercises that involve jumping, twisting, quick stops and
starts or other movements that put sudden force on your hip.
• Heavy weight-lifting.
Sexual Activity
Most people who have a hip replacement are able to begin having sex again
when it does not cause them pain or discomfort. Sexual activity is safe for your
new hip as long as you are careful. Speak to your surgeon if you have any
concerns or questions.
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33
Signs of Problems
Call 911 or your local Emergency Medical Service (EMS), or have
someone take you to the nearest Emergency Department if you have
either of the following:
• Pain in your chest.
• Trouble breathing or shortness of breath.
Contact your Case Manager if any of the following happen:
• There is more pain, swelling and tenderness in your leg. You tried lying down
with your leg raised and resting in a straight position on three stacked pillows
but it didn’t help.
• The incision where you had surgery becomes red, hard, hot and swollen, or
fluid begins to drain from it.
• You have redness or pain in your lower legs, even when resting.
• You have chills and a fever (above 38.5° C or 101.3° F).
• You have a painful “click” or you find there is less range of movement or
flexibility in your hip.
• You notice blood in your stools or urine, or in the fluid you cough up.
• You have a lot of bruising or the bruising won’t go away.
If you cannot get in touch with your Case Manager or another member of
your health care team, contact your family doctor or go to the nearest
Emergency Department.
Call your family doctor if:
• You have diarrhea that does not go away after a few days.
• Your medication has changed after surgery.
• You have any other medical concerns not related to your surgery.
Note: It is important to tell your Case Manager about any contact with
your family doctor or visits to the Emergency Department that are related
to your surgery.
34
07/12/2010
Frequently Asked Questions
How long will it be before I can stop using my walker or crutches?
It is important to continue using your walking aids until your health care team
tells you they are no longer needed.
How soon can I drive?
Your surgeon will tell you when it is safe to drive. Whether you drive a manual
shift or automatic car and which leg was operated on will affect how soon you
can get behind the wheel. There are other things to think about, too, such as
how much and what type of medication you are taking.
Should I make an appointment to see my family doctor after surgery?
Information about your surgery and your recovery in hospital will be sent to your
family doctor. You will not have to see your family doctor about your hip after
surgery unless your surgeon tells you it is necessary.
Do I need to tell anyone other than my family doctor about my new hip?
Be sure to tell your dentist or other doctors involved in your care that you have
had hip replacement surgery. You may need medication to prevent infection
before having dental or other medical work done.
When can I travel?
Your health care team will give you advice on travelling. Be sure to tell your
team about any travelling you plan to do after surgery. Tell your surgeon about
any travelling you must do that was not planned.
When can I return to work?
How well and how quickly you heal after surgery and the kind of work you do
are important things to look at before you return to work. For example, a person
with a desk job will probably be able to go back to work sooner than someone
who has to lift or push objects or has to do a lot of walking. Your surgeon will
tell you when it is safe to return to the type of work you do.
Will I need physical therapy after I return home?
You must continue to walk and exercise, but whether you need physical therapy
will depend on how well you recover on your own. Your health care team will
tell you whether you should have physical therapy after you leave the hospital.
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35
Other questions for my health care team:
Question
36
Answer
07/12/2010
Phase 2 Exercises to Improve Your Recovery after Surgery
Begin after You Have Seen Your Surgeon or a Physical Therapist
It is important to exercise after surgery to increase the strength and flexibility in
your new hip and to help prevent blood clots. You may feel uncomfortable at
first, but exercising will help you to get back to your normal everyday activities
sooner.
Your health care team may suggest you add some or all of the following
exercises to the ones you began at home before surgery. Start doing them only
after you have been seen by your surgeon at your first follow-up visit after
surgery. Continue the exercises you were doing before surgery (see page 9).
Your health care team will give you the elastic loop you need for some of the
exercises. They will tell you how often to do the exercises, how many times to
repeat each one, and how much force or pressure you can put on your new hip.
You will steadily increase the number of times you exercise daily, how often you
repeat each exercise, and the amount of pressure.
Do the exercises on both legs to make them equally strong and flexible. Do
them slowly and with control. Make sure you do not force your new hip into a
position that causes you pain or discomfort.
Exercise 1: Increase hip flexibility and strength
• Lie on your side with hips and knees bent and a pillow
between your knees.
• Keep your feet together.
• Do not twist or use your back muscles.
• Lift the top knee off the pillow like a clam shell opening.
• Hold for a count of 3 to 5 and lower the knee to the
pillow. Repeat.
Exercise 2: Increase hip flexibility and strength
• Lie on your side with the bottom leg bent to stop you
from rolling onto your back.
• Keeping the top leg straight, lift it toward the ceiling
making sure you do not roll forward or backward.
• Slowly lower the leg. Repeat.
07/12/2010
37
Exercise 3: Increase hip flexibility and strengthen
hips and stomach muscles
• Lie on your back with one leg bent.
• Tighten your stomach muscles and lift your bent leg
being careful not to bend it more than 90 degrees.
• Keeping your stomach muscles tight, slowly lower
the leg back to the starting position. Repeat.
Exercise 4: Strengthen hips
• Lie on your stomach.
• Tighten your buttocks and lift one leg.
• Hold for a count of 3 to 5 and slowly lower your
leg. Repeat.
Exercise 5: Increase leg flexibility and strengthen back thigh muscles
• Lie on your stomach with your legs straight.
• Bend one leg, lifting the heel toward your buttocks.
• Slowly lower your leg to the starting position.
Repeat.
• Sit in a steady chair and place an elastic loop around both
ankles.
• Lifting one foot, straighten your leg while keeping the other
foot on the floor as you stretch the elastic loop.
• Slowly lower your foot and return to the starting position.
Repeat.
38
07/12/2010
Exercise 7: Strengthen back thigh muscles
• Sit in a steady chair and place an elastic loop around both
ankles.
• Pull one foot back under the chair while keeping the other
foot steady as you stretch the elastic loop.
• Slowly return to the starting position. Repeat.
• Sit in a steady chair, place an elastic loop around both
thighs and keep both feet flat on the floor.
• Pull your legs apart, sliding your feet along the floor to
stretch the elastic loop.
• Hold for a count of 3 to 5 and slowly move your legs
together to the starting position. Repeat.
Exercise 9: Strengthen hips and improve balance
• Place one end of an elastic loop around a table leg and the
other end around one ankle.
• Hold onto the table for balance and stand straight.
• Keeping your leg straight, pull your ankle sideways away from
the table to stretch the elastic loop.
• Hold for a count of 3 to 5 and slowly return to the starting
position. Repeat.
• Hold onto the table for balance and stand straight, facing the
table.
• Keeping your leg straight, pull your ankle back and away from
position. Repeat.
07/12/2010
39
• Hold onto the table for balance and stand straight with your
back to the table.
• Keeping your leg straight, push your ankle forward away from
position. Repeat.
Exercise 12: Strengthen leg muscles and improve
balance
• Place a city telephone book or solid object of about the
same thickness on the floor to use as a step.
• Holding onto a table or counter for balance, step forward
and up onto the object.
• Slowly step back down. Repeat.
Exercise 13: Strengthen leg muscles and improve balance
• Place a city telephone book or solid object of about the same
thickness on the floor to use as a step.
• Holding onto a table or counter for balance, step sideways and
up onto the object.
• Slowly step back down. Repeat.
Exercise 14: Strengthen leg muscles and improve
balance
• Holding onto a table or counter for balance, shift your weight onto
your operated leg as you lift the other foot off the floor.
• Stay level – don’t lean or tip to one side as you move.
• Try to stay balanced on one leg for 30 seconds.
• Lower your foot to the floor.
• Repeat for a total of 5 minutes.
• Switch to the other leg.
40
07/12/2010
Appointments
Date
07/12/2010
Time
Subject
A New Hip for You – YOUR GUIDE
TO HIP REPLACEMENT belongs to:
Name:
Phone:
Address:
Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute (ABJHI) is a catalyst for improved bone
and joint health care in Alberta. A not-for-profit charitable organization, ABJHI’s
goal is a sustainable system of patient-centred health care delivery that
efficiently provides the best quality of bone and joint care to all Albertans.
Websites of interest:
Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute – www.albertaboneandjoint.com
Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation – www.canorth.org
The Canadian Orthopaedic Association – www.coa-aco.org
The Arthritis Society – www.arthritis.ca
American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons – www.aaos.org
07/12/2010

Total Hip Replacement Surgery Patient Guide 14-Dec

Transcription

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