Purchase Planning Handbook

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Purchase Planning Handbook
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PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
Business Airplanes 2014
For now, there remains a chasm in demand
between the long-range, large-cabin class
and the rest of the turbofan market.
BY FRED GEORGE [email protected]
B
have fat profits to renew their large-cabin
aircraft fleets.
Public companies aren’t the only beneficiaries of the post-recession recovery.
There now are more than 60,000 high net
worth individuals (HNWIs) around the
globe who have $100 million or more in
disposable assets, according to some surveys. The largest concentration of uberrich isn’t in North American, it’s in Asia.
Large corporations and top tier
HNWIs, as a result, are fueling the sales
of purpose-built business aircraft with
$30-million-plus price tags, ones that can
fly 4,000+ nm. Top tier aircraft that can
fly 5,000 to 7,000 nm and that sell for
$50- to $100-million, are doing especially
well. Bombardier, for instance, delivered
94% more Global 5000/6000 aircraft
than shorter range Challenger 605 jets.
Gulfstream doesn’t disclose delivery
numbers for individual large-cabin aircraft, but it’s well known that the G550
and G650 are faring much better than the
G450, judging from relative resale prices.
Dassault shipped more Falcon 7X
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usiness jet apartheid remained
the dominant theme in 2013, as
it has for the last five years since
the world economy struggles to
recover from its deepest downturn in
eight decades. Most long-range, largecabin business aircraft manufacturers
flourished while most light and midsize
jet makers floundered. Total jet deliveries stabilized at 678, essentially in line
with deliveries a decade ago, according
to GAMA statistics.
Jet deliveries actually dipped about
1% from 2012 to 2013, but billing soared
23% with Gulfstream leading the way
with 144 large-cabin deliveries. Bombardier shipped 62 Global 5000 and 6000
aircraft, Dassault Falcon Jet delivered
77 units and Embraer logged 21 Legacy
600/650 shipments.
Corporate profitability has more than
doubled since the bottom of the recession. The S&P index is up 170% since first
quarter 2009. For now, the DJIA seems
solidly locked in above 16,000. So, large
corporations, especially multinationals,
trijets than all other Falcon models combined. Industry sources say that Dassault plans to announce another large
cabin aircraft at EBACE 2014 in Geneva,
capitalizing on the sales strength of Falcon 7X.
In the light-jet segment, it was a different, if not depressing, story. Textron Aviation’s Cessna was hit particularly hard,
delivering fewer Citations in 2013 than in
any year since 1996. Deliveries of Bombardier Learjet 60XR continue to wind
down as customers shift their interest
toward the Learjet 85, which just made
its first flight in April. The Canadian firm
delivered 18 of its Learjet 70/75 aircraft,
thoroughly revamped versions of Learjet
40XR/45XR, late in the fourth quarter.
The late year, Learjet 70/75 delivery rush
buoys prospects for a better 2014. But,
company chairman Guy Hachey cautions
that the overall “global economy has remained persistently sluggish,” damping
expectations for a full-blown business
aircraft recovery in 2014.
Beechcraft, newly merged into Textron Aviation, fared even more poorly
with its turbofan aircraft. It ceased production of all jets and disposed of its remaining Hawker 4000 aircraft at fire
sale prices.
Deep discounting by U.S. light jet makers remained a dominant practice in 2013.
The downside of new aircraft discounting, though, is pronounced price softness
in the used light-jet market. Many older
PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
light jets have so little residual value that
operators are facing stiff cash outlays
when trading up to new aircraft. That’s
another drag on new light jet sales.
Undeterred, Eclipse Aerospace is
pressing ahead with its Eclipse 550 very
light jet, having a $2.85 million base price.
Eclipse is betting that the upgraded
Eclipse 500 will hold its own in the market because of its rock bottom operating
costs.
Equally optimistic is Honda Aircraft
Company, proceeding amain with development of its $4.5 million, twin-turbofan
HA-420 HondaJet. It’s a direct competitor with Embraer Phenom 100 and
Cessna Citation M2, the upgraded version of CJ1+.
Bombardier is pressing ahead at full
speed with Learjet 85, the Canadian
firm’s new midsize jet that made its first
flight in mid-April. The entry-into-service data for the all-composite, transcontinental U.S. range jet has yet to be
determined, but it should reach full production rates by 2018, according to RBC
Europe’s market analyst Robert Stallard.
At present, Embraer remains in a
strong position with its Phenom light jets.
Last year, it delivered 60 Phenom 300
light jets, grabbing market share mainly
at the expense of Cessna Citation CJ3
and CJ4. Admittedly, the Brazilian firm
saturated the entry level jet segment in
2009 and 2010 when it delivered a total of
197 Phenom 100 aircraft. But, it still delivered more Phenom 300 units in 2013 than
either Citation Mustang or M2.
Cessna is fighting back against Phenom 300 with upgraded versions of its
existing models, including the CJ3+ that
is making its Purchase Planning Handbook
debut this year.
Some in the industry, though, say that
Cessna’s historic reliance on derivative
designs, many of which have their roots
in the original 1969 FanJet 500, is leaving
the door open for Embraer to enter with
its clean sheet designs, such as the Phenoms, and also for planemaker HondaJet.
Buyers are no longer satisfied with evolutionary Mr. Potato Head derivatives,
distinguished mainly by changes in their
plug-in body parts.
Now, Embraer is again introducing disruptive technology with its Legacy 500,
the first fly-by-wire midsize business jet.
(See our flight test report on page 62 in
this issue). It’s priced $2 million higher
than Citation Sovereign, but it’s a cleansheet design with a much larger cabin
having a flat floor. It has higher cruise
speeds and more tanks-full payload.
With 3,000 nm range and a $20 million
price tag, Legacy 500 also will compete
with the midsize Learjet 85. Its supermidsize cabin even makes competitive
with Bombardier Challenger 300, the
bestselling super-midsize aircraft. Bombardier is countering the Brazilians by
offering Challenger 350, a longer range,
more capable, more fuel efficient version
of Challenger 300.
Potentially dealing another one-two
body punch to Cessna, similar to Phenom
100 and 300, Embraer’s Legacy 450 is
slated to enter service in 2015. It will compete head-to-head against Citation Latitude, a larger fuselage version of Citation
Sovereign. Both aircraft have 2,500 nm
range and similar price tags, but Legacy
450 has fly-by-wire flight controls, higher
cruise speeds and a larger cabin.
The Legacy 450 is priced $2 million
above the Learjet 60XR, but it does virtually everything better than the aging
Bombardier midsize jet, having a considerably larger cabin, more range and more
tanks-full payload.
The growth in turboprop shipments
was a boon to manufacturers. Deliveries
grew more than 10% in 2013, according
to GAMA. Leading the way was Textron
Aviation’s Beechcraft unit that experienced a 50+ surge in King Air shipments.
More than half were King Air 350 models, many of which were delivered to
Wheels Up, a “members only” firm that
placed the largest turboprop order in
history.
Piaggio Aero remains a notable exception to the success in the twin turboprop
segment. Shipments sagged to just two
new Avanti II aircraft last year as the
firm reels from the crash of fractional
ownership firm Avantair, leaving behind
dozens of unairworthy Avanti aircraft
because of shoddy maintenance. Many
former Avantair aircraft now face cannibalization. (See “The Avantair Failure,
Part 2” on page 30 in this issue.)
The single-engine turboprop segment was a bright spot last year. Deliveries of Cessna’s 208 Caravan and 208B
Grand Caravan reached 105 units, only
two down from 2012 and higher than the
annual average of the last two decades.
Quest delivered 28 Kodiak 100 utility aircraft, the larger number in its history.
Deliveries of pressurized singles remain robust. Piper shipped 34 Meridian
aircraft, Socata delivered 40 TBM 850
G1000 turboprops and Pilatus shipped 65
PC-12s. Socata’s 330 KTAS TBM 900 is
appearing for the first time in this year’s
Handbook. It has 21% shorter takeoff distances, superior time to climb and 17-kt.
faster cruise speeds than TBM 850, along
with slower stall speeds, more docile low
speed handling and a quieter cabin. It’s
actually faster than some light jets on
trips up to two hours duration.
Asking prices for most new single-engine turboprops, as a result, are firm.
There’s little motivation for most manufacturers, particularly Pilatus and Socata, to negotiate on list price.
Looking ahead at the remainder of 2014,
small businesses in the U.S., firms that
historically have purchased the majority
of light jets, continue to struggle. Owners
remain unsettled about the prospects for a
broad-based economic recovery, as well as
the threat of new federal mandates. Most
historic light jet buyers are in no mood to
purchase new aircraft, keeping a tight rein
on purse strings, preserving capital for unknown threats ahead.
The Federal Reserve has expressed
concerns that U.S. economic inflation
is too low at 1%, half the target rate for
healthy economic growth. Low consumer
prices would seem to be a boon, but low
inflation also signifies poor wage growth,
high unemployment and excess economic
capacity. European economic inflation is
near zero, prompting concerns that the
world economy could be at risk for deflation. Such news rattles the confidence of
small businesses.
Moreover, the pre-owned light jet market remains awash with great deals to
be scooped up by savvy shoppers. True,
a certain segment of buyers only purchases new aircraft. For them, only a new
Mustang, M2 or Eclipse 550, HondaJet or
Learjet 75, will suffice.
But, large numbers of prospects, outside of that select few that only buy new,
find themselves tempted by $1.5 million
Mustangs, $1.9 million CJ1+ aircraft and
Phenom 100s, and $3.5 million Learjet
45XR aircraft, among other bargains in
the basement.
So, for now, there remains a huge
chasm in demand between the longrange, large-cabin class and the rest of
the turbofan market. If you’re shopping
for a new aircraft with less than 5,000
nm of range, you’ll find sales staffs willing to sharpen their pencils to get you
to sign their purchase contracts. This
year will be another bonanza for many
buyers. B&CA
B&CA’s digital edition contains
Used Airplanes and Regional Aircraft
comparative tables. The Purchase
Planning Handbook is available for
download at AviationWeek.com/bca
THANK YOU TMC
FOR YOUR HISTORIC ORDER
O F 5 0 N E X T A N T 4 0 0 X T i A I R C R A F T.
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400A/XP FLEET) ALREADY COMMITTED.
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400 fleet. With 50% more range, the XTi operates for 30% less than the competition
and gives us the edge we need in this challenging marketplace.”
Scott Wise, President
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PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
How to Use the Airplane Charts
F
Manufacturer, Model
and Type Designation
In some cases, the airplane manufacturer’s name is abbreviated, but the company’s full name and address can be found
in the “Airframe Suppliers Directory”
at our website. The model name and the
type designation also are included in
this group.
B&CA Equipped Price
Price estimates are first quarter, current year dollars for the next available
delivery. Some aircraft have long lead
times, thus the actual price will be
higher than our published price. Note
well, manufacturers may adjust prices
without notification.
▶▶Piston-powered airplanes — Computed
retail price with at least the level of
equipment specified in the B&CA Required Equipment List.
▶▶Turbine-powered airplanes — Average
price of 10 of the last 12 commercial deliveries, if available. Some manufacturers
TEXTRON AVIATION
or an aircraft to be listed in the Purchase Planning Handbook,
a production conforming article must have flown by May
1 of this year. The dimensions, weights and performance
characteristics of each model listed are representative of the current production aircraft being built or for which a type certificate
application has been filed. The Basic Operating Weights we publish should be representative of actual production turboprop and
turbofan aircraft because we ask manufacturers to supply us with
the average weights of the last 10 commercial aircraft that have
been delivered. However, spot checks of some manufacturers’
BOW numbers reveal anomalies. Prospective buyers are advised
to verify the actual weights of aircraft with options.
The takeoff field length distances are based on Maximum Takeoff Weight unless otherwise indicated in the tables.
Please note that “all data preliminary” in the remarks section
indicates that actual aircraft weight, dimension and performance
numbers may vary considerably after the model is certified and
delivery of completed aircraft begins.
PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
decline to provide us with actual prices
of delivered aircraft. The aircraft serial
numbers aren’t necessarily consecutive because of variations in completion
time and because some aircraft may be
configured for non-commercial, special
missions.
Characteristics
▶▶Seating — Crew + Typical Executive
AIRBUS
Seating/Maximum Seating.
For example, 2+8/19 indicates that
the aircraft requires two pilots, there
are eight seats in the typical executive
configuration and the aircraft is certified for up 19 to passenger seats. A fourplace single-engine aircraft is shown
as 1+3/3, indicating that one pilot is required and there are three other seats
available for passengers. We require
two pilots for all turbofan airplanes, except for single-pilot certified aircraft
such as the Eclipse 550, Cessna Citation
CJ series and Syberjet SJ30-2, which
have, or will have, a large percentage of
single-pilot operators. Four crewmembers are specified for ultra-long-range
aircraft — three pilots and one flight
attendant.
Each occupant of a turbine-powered
airplane is assumed to weigh 200 lb.,
thus allowing for stowed luggage and
carry-on items. In the case of pistonengine airplanes, we assume each occupant weighs 170 lb. There is no luggage
allowance for piston-engine airplanes.
▶▶Wing Loading — MTOW divided by total wing area.
▶▶Power Loading — MTOW divided by
total rated horsepower or total rated
thrust.
▶▶FAR Part 36 certified noise levels — Flyover noise in A-weighted decibels (dBA)
for small and turboprop aircraft. For
turbofan-powered aircraft, we provide
Part 36 EPNdB (effective perceived
noise levels) for takeoff, sideline and approach.
Dimensions
▶▶External length, height and span di-
mensions are provided for use in determining hangar and/or tie-down space
requirements.
Internal length, height and width are
based on a completed interior, including
insulation, upholstery, carpet, carpet
padding and fixtures. Note well: These
dimensions are not based upon metalto-metal measurements. They must reflect the actual net dimensions with all
soft goods installed. Some manufacturers provide optimistic measurements,
thus prospective buyers are advised to
measure aircraft themselves.
As shown in the Cabin Interior Dimensions illustration, for small airplanes other than “cabin-class” models,
the length is measured from the forward
bulkhead ahead of the rudder pedals to
the back of the rearmost passenger seat
in its normal, upright position.
For so-called cabin-class and larger
aircraft, we show the overall length of
the passenger cabin, measured from the
aft side of the forward cabin divider to
the aft-most bulkhead of the cabin. The
aft-most point is defined by the rear side
of a baggage compartment that is accessible to passengers in flight or the aft
pressure bulkhead. The overall length is
reduced by the length of any permanent
mounted system or structure that is
installed in the fuselage ahead of the aft
bulkhead. For example, some aircraft
have full fuselage cross-section fuel
tanks mounted ahead of the aft pressure bulkhead.
The second length number is the net
length of the cabin that may be occupied
by passengers. It’s measured from the
aft side of the forward cabin divider to
an aft point defined by the rear of the
cabin floor capable of supporting passenger seats, the rear wall of an aft galley or lavatory, an auxiliary pressure
bulkhead or the front wall of the pressurized baggage compartment. Some
aircraft have the same net and overall
interior length because the manufacturer offers at least one interior configuration with the aft-most passenger seat
located next to the front wall of the aft
luggage compartment.
Interior height is measured at the
center of the cross section. It may be
based on an aisle that is dropped several inches below the main cabin floor
that supports the passenger seats. Some
aircraft have dropped aisles of varying depths, resulting in less available
interior height in certain sections of the
cabin, such as the floor sections below
the passenger seats.
Two width dimensions are shown for
multiengine turbine airplanes — one
at the widest part of the cabin and the
other at floor level. The dimensions,
however, are not completely indicative
of the usable space in a specific aircraft
because of individual variances in interior furnishings.
Power
Cabin Length
Cabin Length
Cockpit
Galley
Lavatory
Passenger Cabin
Cabin Length
▶▶Number of engines, if greater than
one, and the abbreviated name of the
manufacturer: Honeywell, CFMI —
CFM International, TCM — Teledyne
Continental, IAE —International Aero
Engines, Lyc — Textron Lycoming,
P&WC — Pratt & Whitney Canada, RR
— Rolls-Royce and Wms — Williams International.
▶▶Output — Takeoff rated horsepower
for propeller-driven aircraft or pounds
thrust for turbofan aircraft. If an engine is flat rated, enabling it to produce
takeoff rated output at a higher than
ISA (standard day) ambient temperature, the flat rating limit is shown as
ISA+XXC. Highly flat rated engines, i.e.
engines that can produce takeoff rated
thrust at a much higher than standard
ambient temperature, typically provide
substantially improved high density altitude and high-altitude cruise performance.
▶▶Inspection Interval is the longest,
scheduled hourly major maintenance interval for the engine, either “t” for TBO
or “c” for compressor zone inspection.
OC is shown only for engines that have
“on condition” repair or replace parts
maintenance.
Weights (lb.)
Weight categories are listed as appropriate to each class of aircraft.
▶▶Max Ramp — Maximum ramp weight
for taxi
▶▶Max Takeoff — Maximum takeoff
weight as determined by structural limits
▶▶Max Landing — Maximum landing
weight as determined by structural limits
Aft Baggage
Compartment
Cabin Length
Baggage
▶▶Zero Fuel — Maximum zero fuel
weight, shown by “c,” indicating the
certified MZFW or “b,” a B&CA-computed weight based on MTOW minus
the weight of fuel required to fly 1.5 hr.
at high-speed cruise
▶▶Max ramp, max takeoff and max landing
weights may be the same for light aircraft that may only have a certified max
takeoff weight.
▶▶EOW/BOW — Empty Operating Weight
is shown for piston-powered airplanes.
Basic Operating Weight, in contrast, is
based on the average EOW weight of the
last 10 commercial deliveries, plus 200
lb. for each required crewmember. We
require four crewmembers, three flight
crew and one cabin attendant for ultralong-range aircraft.
Basic Operating Weight, which essentially is EOW plus required flight
crew, is shown for turbine-powered airplanes. EOW is based on the factory
standard weight, plus items specified
in the B&CA Required Equipment List,
less fuel and oil.
There is no requirement to add in the
weight of cabin stores, but some manufacturers choose to include galley stores
and passenger supplies as part of the
BOW build up. Life vest, life rafts and appropriate deep-water survival equipment
are included in the weight buildup of the
80,000+ lb., ultra-long-range aircraft.
▶▶Max Payload — Zero Fuel weight mi-
nus EOW or BOW, as appropriate. For
piston-engine airplanes, Max Payload
frequently is a computed value because
it is based on the B&CA (“b”) computed
maximum ZFW.
▶▶Executive Payload — Based on 170 lb.
per occupant for multiengine piston-engine airplanes and 200 lb. per occupant
for turbine-engine airplanes, as shown
in the executive seating section of the
“Characteristics” section. Both pilots
and passengers, however, are counted
as occupants in piston-engine airplanes.
Only passengers are counted as occupants in turbine-powered airplanes because the required crew is included in
the BOW.
If the Executive Payload exceeds the
Maximum Payload, we use Maximum
Payload. Executive payload is not computed for single-engine piston airplanes.
▶▶Max Fuel — Usable fuel weight based
on 6.0 lb. per U.S. gallon for avgas or 6.7
lb. per U.S. gallon for jet fuel. Fuel capacity includes optional, auxiliary and longrange tanks, unless otherwise noted.
▶▶Available Payload With Full Fuel — Max
Ramp weight minus the tanks-full
weight, not to exceed Zero Fuel weight
minus EOW or BOW.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
▶▶Available Fuel With Maximum Payload
— Maximum Ramp weight minus Zero
Fuel weight, not to exceed maximum
fuel capacity.
▶▶Available Fuel With Executive Payload
— Available fuel weight based on max
ramp minus BOW plus executive payload, up to the actual fuel capacity.
Limits
B&CA lists V speeds and other limits
as appropriate to the class of airplane.
These are the abbreviations used on the
charts:
▶▶Vne — Never exceed speed (red line for
piston-engine airplanes).
▶▶Vno — Normal operating speed (top
of the green arc for piston-engine airplanes).
▶▶Vmo — Maximum operating speed (red
line for turbine-powered airplanes).
▶▶M mo — Maximum operating Mach
number (red line for turbofan-powered
airplanes and a few turboprop airplanes).
▶▶FL/Vmo — Transition altitude at which
Vmo equals Mmo (large turboprop and
turbofan aircraft).
▶▶Va — Maneuvering speed (except for
certain large turboprop and all turbofan
aircraft).
▶▶Vdec — Accelerate/stop decision speed
Conditions: Origin, destination and alternate
airports are sea level elevation, ISA, zero wind,
maximum of three cruise levels,
30-minute VFR fuel reserve at alternate.
Taxi :10
Takeoff :01
Standard Instrument
Approach
(Fuel = 5 Minute
Hold @ 5,000 ft)
t to
3,000-fpm Descen ernate
VFR Landing at Alt
Climb to 200
nm
Alternate Cruis
e
Altitude
Long-Range Cruise
for 200 nm
Alternate
nt
3,000-fpm Desce Fix
h
to Initial Approac
pC
limb
Final Cruise
Ste
Step
Clim
b
Initial Cruise
Airport Performance
▶▶Approved Flight Manual takeoff
NBAA
IFRRANGE
RangePROFILE
Profile
NBAA IFR
Intermediate
Cruise
(multiengine piston and light multiengine turboprop airplanes).
▶▶Vmca — Minimum control airspeed,
airborne (multiengine piston and light
multiengine turboprop airplanes).
▶▶Vso — Maximum stalling speed, landing configuration (single-engine airplanes)
▶▶Vx — Best angle-of-climb speed (single-engine airplanes).
▶▶Vxse — Best angle-of-climb speed, oneengine inoperative (multiengine piston
and multiengine turboprop airplanes
under 12,500 lb.).
▶▶Vy — Best rate-of-climb speed (singleengine airplanes).
▶▶Vyse — Best rate-of-climb speed, oneengine inoperative (multiengine piston
and multiengine turboprop airplanes
under 12,500 lb.).
▶▶V2 — Takeoff safety speed (large turboprops and turbofan airplanes).
▶▶Vref — Reference landing approach
speed (large turboprops and turbofan
airplanes, four passengers, NBAA IFR
reserves; eight passengers for ultralong-range aircraft).
▶▶PSI — Cabin pressure differential (all
pressurized airplanes).
Climb to 5,000 ft and
Hold Five Minutes for
Clearance to Alternate
runway performance is shown for sealevel, standard day and for 5,000-ft.
elevation/25C day density altitude. Allengine takeoff distance (TO) is shown
for single-engine and multiengine piston, and turboprop airplanes with an
MTOW of less than 12,500 lb. Takeoff
distances and speeds assume Maximum
Takeoff weight, unless otherwise noted.
▶▶Accelerate/Stop distance (A/S) is
shown for small multiengine piston and
small turboprop airplanes. Takeoff field
length (TOFL), the greater of the oneengine inoperative (OEI) takeoff distance or the accelerate/stop distance,
is shown for FAR Part 23 Commuter
Category and FAR Part 25 airplanes.
If the accelerate/stop and accelerate/
stop distances are equal, the TOFL is
AIRBUS
the balanced field length.
▶▶Landing distance (LD) is shown for
FAR Part 23 Commuter Category and
FAR Part 25 Transport Category airplanes. The landing weight is BOW plus
four passengers and NBAA IFR fuel
reserves. We assume that 80,000+ lb.
ultra-long-range aircraft will have eight
passengers on board.
The V2 and Vref speeds are useful for
reference when comparing the TOFL
and LD numbers because they provide
an indication of potential minimumlength runway performance when low
RCR or runway gradient is a factor.
B&CA lists two additional numbers
for large turboprop- and turbofan-powered airplanes. First, we publish the
mission weight, which is the lower of:
(1) the actual takeoff weight with four
passengers (eight passengers for ultralong-range aircraft) and full fuel when
departing from a 5,000-ft./25C airport
or (2) the maximum allowable takeoff
weight when departing with the same
passenger load and at the same density
altitude.
For two-engine aircraft, the mission
weight, when departing from a 5,000-ft./
ISA+20C airport, may be less than the
MTOW because of FAR Part 25 secondsegment, one-engine-inoperative, climb
performance requirements. Aircraft with
highly flat-rated engines are less likely to
have a Mission Weight that is performance
limited when departing from hot and high
airports.
For three-engine aircraft, the mission
weight usually is based on full tanks and
the actual number of passengers, rather
than being performance limited.
Second, we publish the NBAA IFR
range for the hot and high departure mission weight, assuming a transition into
standard day, ISA flight conditions after
takeoff. For purposes of computing NBAA
IFR range, the aircraft is flown at the longrange cruise speed shown in the “Cruise”
block or at the same speed as shown in the
“Range” block.
Climb
The all-engine time to climb provides
an indication of overall climb performance, especially if the aircraft has an
all-engine service ceiling well above
our sample top-of-climb altitudes. We
provide the all-engine time to climb
to one of three specific altitudes,
based on type of aircraft departing
at MTOW from a sea-level, standardday airport: (1) FL 100 (10,000 ft.)
for normally aspirated single-engine
and multiengine piston aircraft, plus
pressurized single-engine piston aircraft and unpressurized turboprop
aircraft; (2) FL 250 for pressurized
single-engine and multi-engine turboprop aircraft; or (3) FL 370 for turbofan-powered aircraft. These data are
published as time-to-climb in minutes/climb altitude. For example, if a
non-pressurized twin-engine piston
aircraft can depart from a sea-level
airport at MTOW and climb to 10,000
PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
Ceilings (ft.)
ft. in 8 min., the time to climb is expressed as 8/FL 100.
We also publish the initial all-engine
climb feet per nautical mile gradient,
plus initial engine-out climb rate and
gradient, for single-engine and multiengine pistons and turboprops with
MTOWs of 12,500 lb. or less.
The one-engine-inoperative (OEI)
climb rate for multi-engine aircraft
at MTOW is derived from the Airplane Flight Manual. OEI climb rate
and gradient is based on landing gear
retracted and wing flaps in the takeoff configuration used to compute the
published takeoff distance. The climb
gradient for such airplanes is obtained
by dividing the product of the climb
rate (fpm) in the Airplane Flight Manual times 60 by the Vy or Vyse climb
speed, as appropriate.
The OEI climb gradients we show
for FAR Part 23 Commuter Category
and FAR Part 25 Transport Category
aircraft are the second-segment net
climb performance numbers published
in the AFMs. Please note: The AFM net
second-segment climb performance
numbers are adjusted downward by
0.8% to compensate for variations in
pilot technique and ambient conditions.
The OEI climb gradient is computed
at the same flap configuration used to
calculate the takeoff field length.
▶▶Maximum Certificated Altitude — Maxi-
mum allowable operating altitude determined by airworthiness authorities.
▶▶All-Engine Service Ceiling — Maximum
altitude at which at least a 100-fpm rate
of climb can be attained, assuming the
aircraft departed a sea-level, standardday airport at MTOW and climbed directly to altitude.
▶▶OEI (Engine Out) Service Ceiling — Maximum altitude at which a 50-fpm rate of
climb can be attained, assuming the aircraft departed a sea-level, standard-day
airport at MTOW and climbed directly
to altitude.
▶▶Sea-Level Cabin (SLC) Altitude — Maximum cruise altitude at which a 14.7-psia,
sea-level cabin altitude can be maintained in a pressurized airplane.
Cruise
Cruise performance is computed using
EOW with four occupants or BOW with
four passengers and one-half fuel load.
Ultra-long-range aircraft carry eight
passengers for purposes of computing
cruise performance.
Assume 170 lb. for each occupant of
a piston-engine airplane and 200 lb. for
each occupant of a turbine-powered
aircraft.
▶▶Long Range — True Air Speed (TAS),
fuel flow in pounds/hour, flight level (FL)
FAR
Part 23
23 Commuter
Commuter Category
Category OEI
OEIClimb
ClimbPerformance
Performance
FAR Part
Part 25
25 and
and Part
OEI En Route
Climb Performance
Takeoff Flight Path/OEI Climb Gradient (Gear Up)
Accelerate-Go
Takeoff Field Length
Initial OEI Climb
(Gear Down)
Liftoff
Brake
Release
Accelerate-Stop
Distance
Crucial Second
Segment
Obstacle Height Above
Reference Zero
First
Segment
Reference
Zero
Third or Transition Fourth or Final
Segment
Segment
Flaps Up (If Applicable)
e
acl
t
Obs
35'
Gear Up
Actual Climb Gradient Required
to Clear Close-in Obstruction
Distance From Reference Zero
NOTICE TO READERS
During recent years, the U.S. Federal Trade
Commission has conducted investigations into
the practice of certain industries in fixing and
advertising list prices. It is the position of
the FTC that it is deceptive to the public and
against the law for list prices of any product
to be specified or advertised in a trade area
if the majority of sales are made at less than
those prices.
B&CA is not in a position to know the prices
for most of the sales in each trading area in
the United States for each of the products
in this issue. Therefore, the prices shown in
the tables and text in the Purchase Planning
Handbook are based on suggested list prices
furnished to us by the manufacturers or distributors, or on prices estimated by the editors.
It may be possible to purchase some items
in your trading area at prices less than those
reported in this issue of B&CA. Also, almost
all manufacturers and distributors caution that
prices are subject to change without notice.
cruise altitude and specific range for
long-range cruise by the manufacturer.
▶▶Recommended (Piston-Engine Airplanes) — TAS, fuel flow in pounds/
hour, FL cruise altitude and specific
range for normal cruise performance
specified by the manufacturer.
▶▶High Speed —TAS, fuel flow in pounds/
hour, FL cruise altitude and specific
range for short-range, high-speed performance specified by the aircraft manufacturer.
▶▶Speed, fuel flow, specific range and altitude in each category are based on one
mid-weight cruise point and these data
reflect standard day conditions. They
are not an average for the overall mission and they are not representative of
the above standard day temperatures at
cruise altitudes commonly encountered
in everyday operations.
B&CA imposes a 12,000-ft. maximum
cabin altitude requirement on CAR3/
FAR Part 23 normally aspirated aircraft. Turbocharged airplanes are limited to FL 250, providing they are fitted
with supplemental oxygen systems having sufficient capacity for all occupants
for the duration of the mission. Pressurized CAR3/FAR Part 23 aircraft are
B&CA Required Equipment List
limited to a maximum cabin altitude of
10,000 ft. For FAR Part 23 Commuter
Category and FAR Part 25 aircraft, the
maximum cabin altitude for computing
cruise performance is 8,000 ft.
To conserve space, we use flight levels
(FL) for all cruise altitudes, which is appropriate considering that we assume
standard day ambient temperature and
pressure conditions. Cruise performance is
subject to B&CA’s verification.
Range
B&CA shows various paper missions
for each aircraft that illustrate range
versus payload tradeoffs, runway and
cruise performance, plus fuel efficiency.
Similar to the cruise profile calculations, B&CA limits the maximum altitude to 12,000 ft. for normally aspirated,
non-pressurized CAR3/FAR Part 23
aircraft, 25,000 ft. for turbocharged
airplanes with supplemental oxygen,
10,000 ft. cabin altitude for pressurized
CAR 3/FAR Part 23 airplanes and 8,000
ft. cabin altitude for FAR Part 23 Commuter Category or FAR Part 25 aircraft.
▶▶Seats-Full Range (Single-Engine Piston
Airplanes) — Based on typical executive
configuration with all seats filled with
170 lb. occupants, with maximum available fuel less 45-min. IFR fuel reserves.
We use the lower of seats full or maximum payload.
▶▶Tanks Full Range (Single-Engine Piston
Airplanes) — Based on one 170-lb. pilot,
full fuel less 45-min. IFR fuel reserves.
▶▶Executive Payload (Multiengine Piston
Airplanes and Single-Engine Turboprops)
— Based on typical executive configuration with all seats filled with 170-lb.
occupants, maximum available fuel less
45-min. IFR fuel reserves. We use the
lower of seats full or maximum payload.
▶▶Maximum Fuel With Available Payload
(Single-Engine Turboprops) —Based on
BOW, plus full fuel and the maximum
available payload up to maximum ramp
weight. Range is based on arriving at destination with NBAA IFR fuel reserves,
but only a 100-mi. alternate is required.
Jets ≥20,000 lb
Jets <20,000 lb
Turboprops >12,500 lb
Turboprops ≤12,500 lb
Single-Engine Turboprops
Multiengine Pistons, Turbocharged
Multiengine Pistons
Single-Engine Pistons, Pressurized
Single-Engine Pistons, Turbocharged
Single-Engine Pistons
POWERPLANT SYSTEMS
Batt temp indicator (nicad only, for each battery)
l l l l l
Engine synchronization
l l
Fire detection, each engine
l l l l l
Fire extinguishing, each engine
l l l
Propeller, reversible pitch
l l l
Propellers, synchronized
l l
Thrust reversers/attenuatorsl
l
AVIONICS
ADF
l l l l l
Air data computer
l l l l
Altitude alerterl
l l l l
Altitude encoder
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Antennas, headsets, microphones
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Audio control panel
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Automatic flight guidance, 2-axis, alt hold
l
l l Automatic flight guidance, 3-axis, alt hold
l l
l l l l l
DME
l l l l l
EFIS
l l l l
ELT
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Flight director
l l l l
FMS, TSO C115 or GPS, TSO C129 IFR approach
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Glideslope receiver
l
l l l l
l l l l l
HSI, slaved (or equivalent EFIS function)
l
l l l l l l l l l
Marker beacon receiver
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Radio altimeter
l l l l l
Radiotelephone
l l l
RMI (or equivalent function on EFIS display)
l l l l l
RVSM certification
l l
TAWS
l l
TCAS I/II (FAR Part 25 airplanes only)
l l
Transponder
l
l l l l
l l l l l
VHF comm, 25-kHz spacing
l l l l l l l l l l
VHF comm, 8.33-kHz spacing
l l
VHF nav, 360-channel
l l l l l l l l l l
Weather radar
l l l l l
GENERAL
Air conditioning, vapor cycle (not required with APU)
l l l l l l
Anti-skid brakes
l l l
APU (required for air-start engines, ACM air conditioning)
l
Cabin/cockpit dividers
l l l
Corrosion-proofing, internal
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Exterior paint, tinted windows
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Fire extinguisher, cabin
l l l l l
Fire extinguisher, cockpit
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Fuel tanks, long-range
l
l l l l
l l l
Ground power jack
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Headrests, air vents, all seats
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Lavatory
l l l
Lights, strobe/anti-collision beacon, navigation, landing/taxi l
l l l l
l l l l l
Lights, internally lighted instrument, cockpit flood, courtesy
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Oxygen, supplemental, all seats
l l
l l l l l
Refreshment center
l l l l
Seats, crew, articulating
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Seats, passenger, reclining
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Shoulder harness, all seats and crew with inertia reel
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Tables, cabin work
l l l l l
ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION
Alternate static pressure source (not required with 2 DADC)
l
l l l l
l l
Approval, flight into known icing
l l l
l l l l l
Ice protection plates
l l
Pitot heat
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Static wicks
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Windshield rain removal, mechanical or repellent coating
l l l l
INSTRUMENTATION
Angle-of-attack stall margin indicator
l l
EGT
l
l l l l
IVSI (or equivalent EFIS, DADC function)
l l l l
Outside air temperature gauge
l
l l l l
l l l l l
Primary flight instruments
l
l l l l l l l l l
l Required
l Dual required
PURCHASE PLANNING HANDBOOK
▶▶Ferry (Multiengine Piston Airplanes and
Single-Engine Turboprops) — Based on one
170-lb. pilot, maximum fuel less 45-min.
IFR fuel reserves.
Please note: None of the missions for
piston-engine aircraft includes fuel for
diverting to an alternate. However, single-engine turboprops are required to
have NBAA IFR fuel reserves, but only
a 100 mi. alternate is required.
NBA A IFR range format cruise
profiles, having a 200 mi. alternate,
are used for FAR Part 25 Transport
Category turbine-powered aircraft. In
the case of FAR Part 23 turboprops,
including those certified in the Commuter Category, and FAR Part 23 turbofan aircraft, only a 100 mi. alternate
is needed. The difference in alternate
requirements should be kept in mind
when comparing range performance of
various classes of aircraft.
▶▶Available Fuel With Maximum Payload
(Multiengine Turbine Airplanes) —Based
on aircraft loaded to maximum zero fuel
weight with maximum available fuel up
to maximum ramp weight, less NBAA
IFR fuel reserves at destination.
▶▶Available Payload With Maximum Fuel
(Multiengine Turbine Airplanes) —Based
on BOW plus full fuel and maximum
available payload up to maximum ramp
weight. Range based on NBAA IFR reserves at destination.
▶▶Full/Maximum Fuel With Four Passengers (Multiengine Turbine Airplanes)
—Based on BOW plus four 200-lb. passengers and the lesser of full fuel or
maximum available fuel up to maximum
ramp weight. Ultra-long-range aircraft
must have eight passengers on board.
▶▶Ferry (Multiengine Turbine Airplanes) —
Based on BOW, required crew and full
fuel, arriving at destination with NBAA
IFR fuel reserves.
We allow 2,000-ft. increment step
climbs above the initial cruise altitude
to improve specific range performance,
even though current air traffic rules
in North America provide for 4,000-ft.
altitude semicircular directional traffic
separation above FL 290. The altitude
shown in the range section is the highest cruise altitude for the trip — not the
initial cruise or mid-mission altitude.
The range profiles are in nautical
miles, and the average speed is computed by dividing that distance by the
total flight time or weight-off-wheels
time en route. The Fuel Used or Trip
Fuel includes the fuel consumed for
start, taxi, takeoff, cruise, descent and
landing approach but not after-landing
taxi or reserves.
The Specific Range is obtained by
dividing the distance flown by the total
fuel burn. The Altitude is the highest
cruise altitude achieved on the specific
mission profile shown.
Missions
Various paper missions are computed
to illustrate the runway requirements,
speeds, fuel burns and specific range,
plus cruise altitudes. The mission
ranges are chosen to be representative for the airplane category. All fixeddistance missions are flown with four
passengers on board, except for ultra-long-range airplanes, which have
eight passengers on board. The pilot is
counted as a passenger on board pistonengine airplanes. If an airplane cannot complete a specific fixed distance
mission with the appropriate payload,
B&CA shows a reduction of payload in
the remarks section or marks the fields
NP (Not Possible) at our option.
Runway performance is obtained
from the Approved Airplane Flight
Manual. Takeoff distance is listed for
single-engine airplanes; accelerate/
stop distance is listed for piston twins
and light turboprops; and takeoff field
length, which often corresponds to balanced field length, is used for FAR Part
23 Commuter Category and FAR Part
25 large Transport Category airplanes.
Flight Time (takeoff to touchdown,
or weight-off-wheels, time) is shown for
turbine airplanes. Some piston-engine
manufacturers also include taxi time,
resulting in a chock-to-chock, Block
Time measurement. Fuel Used, though,
is the actual block fuel burn for each
type of aircraft, but it does not include
fuel reserves. The cruise altitude shown
is that which is specified by the manufacturer for fixed-distance missions.
▶▶200 nm — (Piston-engine airplanes)
▶▶500 nm — (Piston-engine airplanes)
▶▶300 nm — (Turbine-engine airplanes,
except ultra-long range)
▶▶600 nm — (Turbine-engine airplanes,
except ultra-long range)
▶▶1,000 nm — (All turbine-engine airplanes)
▶▶3,000 nm — (Ultra-long-range turbineengine airplanes)
▶▶6,000 nm — ( Ultra-long-range turbine-engine airplanes)
Remarks
In this section, B&CA generally includes
the base price, if it is available or applicable; the certification basis and year;
and any notes about estimations, limitations or qualifications regarding specifications, performance or price. All prices
are in 2014 dollars, FOB at a U.S. delivery point, unless otherwise noted. The
certification basis includes the regulation under which the airplane was originally type certified, the year in which
it was originally certified and, if applicable, subsequent years during which
the airplane was re-certified.
General
Abbreviations are used throughout the
tables: “NA” means not available; “—”
indicates the information is not applicable; and “NP” signifies that specific
performance is not possible. B&CA
Posted with permission from the May 2014 issue of Business & Commercial Aviation, Penton Media, Inc. Copyright 2014. All rights reserved.
For more information on the use of this content, contact Wright’s Media at 877-652-5295
112083
BUSINESS AIRPL ANES
JETS LESS THAN 10,000-LB. MTOW
Manufacturer
Model
B&CA Equipped Price
Characteristics
External
Dimensions
(ft.)
Internal
Dimensions
(ft.)
Baggage
Power
Seating
Wing Loading
Power Loading
Noise (EPNdB): TO/Sideline/APR
Length
Height
Span
Length: OA/Net
Height
Width: Max/Floor
Internal: Cu. ft./lb.
External: Cu. ft./lb.
Engine(s)
Output (lb. each)/Flat Rating
Inspection Interval
Max Ramp
Max Takeoff
Max Landing
Zero Fuel
BOW
Max Payload
Weights (lb.)
Useful Load
Executive Payload
Max Fuel
Available Payload w/Max Fuel
Available Fuel w/Max Payload
Available Fuel w/Executive Payload
Mmo
Trans. Alt. FL/Vmo
Limits
PSI
TOFL (SL elev./ISA temp.)
TOFL (5,000’ elev.@25C)
Airport
Hot/High Weight Limit
NBAA IFR Range
PerforV2@SL ISA, MTOW
mance
Vref w/4 Pax, NBAA IFR Res.
Landing Distance w/4 Pax, NBAA IFR Res.
Time to Climb/Altitude
FAR 25 Engine-Out Rate (fpm)
Climb
FAR 25 Engine-Out Gradient (ft./nm)
Certificated
All-Engine Service
Ceilings (ft.)
Engine-Out Service
Sea-Level Cabin
TAS
Fuel Flow
Long
Range
Altitude
Specific Range
Cruise
TAS
Fuel Flow
High
Speed
Altitude
Specific Range
Nautical Miles
Average Speed
Max Payload
(w/available fuel)
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
Nautical Miles
Max Fuel
Average Speed
NBAA IFR
(w/available payload)
Trip Fuel
Ranges
Specific Range/Altitude
Nautical Miles
(100-nm
Average Speed
Four Passengers
alternate)
(w/available fuel)
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
Nautical Miles
Average Speed
Ferry
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Flight Time
300 nm
Fuel Used
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Missions
Flight Time
600 nm
(4 passenFuel Used
gers)
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Flight Time
1,000 nm
Fuel Used
Specific Range/Altitude
Remarks
JETS LESS THAN 20,000-LB. MTOW
Textron Aviation
Citation Mustang
CE-510
$3,465,000
1+5/5
41.2
2.96
73.9/85.0/86.0
40.6
13.4
43.2
9.8/9.8
4.5
4.6/3.1
6/98
57/620
2 P&WC
PW615F
1,460/ISA+10C
3,500t
8,730
8,645
8,000
6,750c
5,595
1,155
3,135
1,000
2,580
555
1,980
2,135
0.630
FL 271/250
8.3
3,110
6,600
8,645
988
97
88
2,139
20/FL 370
432
267
41,000
41,000
26,900
21,280
319
499
FL 390
0.639
339
609
FL 350
0.557
716
294
1,300
0.551/FL 410
1,159
305
1,948
0.595/FL 410
967
301
1,669
0.579/FL 410
1,205
316
1,965
0.613/FL 410
2,496
1+00
670
0.448/FL 370
2,695
1+56
1,134
0.529/FL 390
3,109
3+19
1,717
0.582/FL 410
FAR 23, 2006
Certification Basis 1,000-nm mission flown
with 753-lb. payload.
Manufacturer
Model
B&CA Equipped Price
Characteristics
External
Dimensions
(ft.)
Internal
Dimensions
(ft.)
Baggage
Power
Seating
Wing Loading
Power Loading
Noise (EPNdB): TO/Sideline/APR
Length
Height
Span
Length: OA/Net
Height
Width: Max/Floor
Internal: Cu. ft./lb.
External: Cu. ft./lb.
Engines
Output (lb. each)/Flat Rating
Inspection Interval
Max Ramp
Max Takeoff
Max Landing
Zero Fuel
BOW
Max Payload
Weights (lb.)
Useful Load
Executive Payload
Max Fuel
Available Payload w/Max Fuel
Available Fuel w/Max Payload
Available Fuel w/Executive Payload
Mmo
Trans. Alt. FL/Vmo
Limits
PSI
TOFL (SL elev./ISA temp.)
TOFL (5,000’ elev.@25C)
Airport
Hot/High Weight Limit
NBAA IFR Range
PerforV2@SL ISA, MTOW
mance
Vref w/4 Pax, NBAA IFR Res.
Landing Distance w/4 Pax, NBAA IFR Res.
Time to Climb/Altitude
FAR 25 Engine-Out Rate (fpm)
Climb
FAR 25 Engine-Out Gradient (ft./nm)
Certificated
All-Engine Service
Ceilings (ft.)
Engine-Out Service
Sea-Level Cabin
TAS
Fuel Flow
Long
Range
Altitude
Specific Range
Cruise
TAS
Fuel Flow
High
Speed
Altitude
Specific Range
Nautical Miles
Average Speed
Max Payload
(w/available fuel)
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
NBAA IFR
Nautical Miles
Ranges
Average Speed
Max Fuel
(FAR Part 23, (w/available payload)
Trip Fuel
100-nm
Specific Range/Altitude
Nautical Miles
alternate;
Average Speed
Four Passengers
FAR Part 25,
(w/available
fuel)
Trip Fuel
200-nm
Specific Range/Altitude
alternate)
Nautical Miles
Average Speed
Ferry
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Flight Time
300 nm
Fuel Used
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Missions
Flight Time
600 nm
(4 passenFuel Used
gers)
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Flight Time
1,000 nm
Fuel Used
Specific Range/Altitude
Remarks
Certification Basis
Embraer
Phenom 100E
EMB-500
$4,161,000
1+5/7
52.5
3.12
70.4/81.4/86.1
42.1
14.3
40.4
11.0/11.0
4.9
5.1/3.6
10/99
60/418
2 P&WC
PW 617F-E
1,695/ISA+10C
3,500t
10,626
10,582
9,877
8,554c
7,220
1,334
3,406
1,000
2,804
602
2,072
2,406
0.700
280/275
8.3
3,123
6,609
10,582
1,071
98
94
2,466
24/FL 370
560
298
41,000
41,000
24,045
21,280
332
525
FL 410
0.632
389
851
FL 330
0.457
701
319
1,411
0.497/FL 410
1,181
326
2,163
0.546/FL 410
1,050
324
1,960
0.536/FL 410
1,234
325
2,183
0.565/FL 410
2,722
0+55
741
0.405/FL 390
2,860
1+46
1,263
0.475/FL 390
3,050
3+05
1,874
0.534/FL 410
Honda Aircraft Co.
HondaJet
HA-420
$4,500,000
1+5/6
NA
NA
NA/NA/NA
42.6
14.9
39.8
12.1/12.1
4.8
5.0/NA
NA/NA
66/NA
2 GE Honda
HF-120
2,050/NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.720
FL 300/NA
8.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
NA
NA
43,000
43,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
420
NA
FL 300
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
1,180
NA
NA
NA/NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
NA
NA
NA
NA/NA
FAR 23, 2008
FAR 23 pending
All data preliminary.
BUSINESS AIRPL ANES
JETS LESS THAN 20,000-LB. MTOW
Manufacturer
Model
B&CA Equipped Price
Characteristics
External
Dimensions
(ft.)
Internal
Dimensions
(ft.)
Baggage
Power
Seating
Wing Loading
Power Loading
Noise (EPNdB): TO/Sideline/APR
Length
Height
Span
Length: OA/Net
Height
Width: Max/Floor
Internal: Cu. ft./lb.
External: Cu. ft./lb.
Engines
Output (lb. each)/Flat Rating
Inspection Interval
Max Ramp
Max Takeoff
Max Landing
Zero Fuel
BOW
Max Payload
Weights (lb.)
Useful Load
Executive Payload
Max Fuel
Available Payload w/Max Fuel
Available Fuel w/Max Payload
Available Fuel w/Executive Payload
Mmo
Trans. Alt. FL/Vmo
Limits
PSI
TOFL (SL elev./ISA temp.)
TOFL (5,000’ elev.@25C)
Airport
Hot/High Weight Limit
NBAA IFR Range
PerforV2@SL ISA, MTOW
mance
Vref w/4 Pax, NBAA IFR Res.
Landing Distance w/4 Pax, NBAA IFR Res.
Time to Climb/Altitude
FAR 25 Engine-Out Rate (fpm)
Climb
FAR 25 Engine-Out Gradient (ft./nm)
Certificated
All-Engine Service
Ceilings (ft.)
Engine-Out Service
Sea-Level Cabin
TAS
Fuel Flow
Long
Range
Altitude
Specific Range
Cruise
TAS
Fuel Flow
High
Speed
Altitude
Specific Range
Nautical Miles
Average Speed
Max Payload
(w/available fuel)
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
NBAA IFR
Nautical Miles
Ranges
Average Speed
Max Fuel
(FAR Part 23, (w/available payload)
Trip Fuel
100-nm
Specific Range/Altitude
Nautical Miles
alternate;
Average Speed
Four Passengers
FAR Part 25,
(w/available
fuel)
Trip Fuel
200-nm
Specific Range/Altitude
alternate)
Nautical Miles
Average Speed
Ferry
Trip Fuel
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Flight Time
300 nm
Fuel Used
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Missions
Flight Time
600 nm
(4 passenFuel Used
gers)
Specific Range/Altitude
Runway
Flight Time
1,000 nm
Fuel Used
Specific Range/Altitude
Remarks
Certification Basis
Textron Aviation
Cessna Citation M2
CE-525
$4,655,000
1+7/7
44.6
2.72
73.2/85.9/88.5
42.6
13.9
47.3
11.0/11.0
4.8
4.8/3.1
—/—
46/725
2 Wms Intl
FJ44-1AP-21
1,965/ISA+7C
3,500t
10,800
10,700
9,900
8,400c
7,000
1,400
3,800
1,400
3,309
491
2,400
2,400
0.710
FL 305/263
8.5
3,210
5,580
10,700
1,198
111
101
2,340
18/FL 370
618
334
41,000
41,000
26,800
22,027
323
516
FL 410
0.626
401
920
FL 350
0.436
812
361
1,706
0.476/FL 410
1,369
373
2,676
0.512/FL 410
1,177
370
2,342
0.503/FL 410
1,398
378
2,704
0.517/FL 410
2,626
0+52
804
0.373/FL 370
2,694
1+38
1,362
0.441/FL 390
3,006
2+43
2,018
0.496/FL 410
Textron Aviation
Citation CJ2+
CE-525A
$7,270,000
1+8/9
47.4
2.51
75.5/86.1/89.7
47.7
14.0
49.8
13.6/13.6
4.8
4.8/3.1
—/—
65/1,000
2 Wms Intl
FJ44-3A-24
2,490/ISA+7C
4,000t
12,625
12,500
11,525
9,700c
8,030
1,670
4,595
1,600
3,930
665
2,925
2,995
0.737
FL 291/278
8.9
3,360
5,180
12,500
1,531
116
102
2,658
15/FL 370
611
316
45,000
45,000
23,800
23,586
357
591
FL 450
0.604
413
1,096
FL 350
0.377
993
368
2,071
0.479/FL 450
1,610
379
3,152
0.511/FL 450
1,509
377
2,975
0.507/FL 450
1,646
384
3,177
0.518/FL 450
2,479
0+49
899
0.334/FL 370
2,694
1+35
1,460
0.411/FL 410
2,994
2+36
2,162
0.463/FL 430
FAR 23, 2013
FAR 23, 2000/05
Textron Aviation
Nextant Aerospace
Citation CJ3+
400XTi
CE-525B
$8,435,000
$5,150,000
1+8/9
2+8/10
47.2
66.7
2.46
2.64
74.0/88.7/88.6
76.9/91.5/88.8
51.2
48.4
15.2
13.9
53.3
43.5
15.7/15.7
15.5/15.5
4.8
4.8
4.8/3.1
4.9/3.7
—/—
27/410
65/1,000
26/450
2 Wms Intl
2 Wms Intl
FJ44-3A
FJ44-3AP
2,820/ISA+11C
3,050/ISA+7°C
4,000t
5,000t
14,070
16,500
13,870
16,300
12,750
15,700
10,510c
13,000c
8,580
10,744
1,930
2,256
5,490
5,556
1,600
1,456
4,710
4,912
780
1,244
3,560
3,500
3,890
4,912
0.737
0.780
FL 293/278
FL 290/320
8.9
9.1
3,180
4,217
4,750
6,396
13,870
16,300
1,715
1,929
114
116
99
106
2,424
2,900
15/FL 370
16/FL 370
808
754
425
354
45,000
45,000
45,000
45,000
26,250
27,500
23,586
24,000
352
406
624
740
FL 450
FL 450
0.564
0.549
415
447
1,197
968
FL 350
FL 430
0.347
0.462
1,172
1,078
368
374
2,552
2,482
0.459/FL 450
0.434/FL 430
1,869
1,982
378
388
3,850
4,094
0.485/FL 450
0.484/FL 450
1,691
1,955
376
388
3,518
3,982
0.481/FL 450
0.491/FL 450
1,890
2,115
381
385
3,865
4,029
0.489/FL 450
0.525/FL 450
2,604
3,015
0+49
0+48
972
786
0.309/FL 370
0.382/FL 390
2,617
3,044
1+35
1+30
1,576
1,323
0.381/FL 410
0.453/FL 430
2,786
3,101
2+37
2+28
2,324
2,145
0.430/FL 430
0.467/FL 450
FAR 23 Commuter
FAR 25,
category, 2004/2014;
1981/85/2007
Garmin G3000.
Embraer
Phenom 300
EMB-505
$8,955,000
1+7/10
58.6
2.67
69.9/88.8/88.5
51.2
16.7
52.2
17.2/17.2
4.9
5.1/3.6
10/77
74/573
2 P&WC
PW 535E
3,360/ISA+15C
5,000t
18,078
17,968
16,865
13,999c
11,583
2,416
6,495
1,400
5,353
1,142
4,079
5,095
0.780
FL 263/320
9.4
3,138
5,114
17,968
2,019
112
104
2,220
14/FL 370
911
462
45,000
45,000
30,137
25,560
383
757
FL 450
0.506
444
1,312
FL 350
0.338
1,247
397
3,109
0.401/FL 450
1,877
409
4,416
0.425/FL 450
1,903
411
4,447
0.428/FL 450
1,944
418
4,473
0.435/FL 450
2,613
0+47
1,058
0.284/FL 390
2,747
1+29
1,735
0.346/FL 410
2,808
2+26
2,471
0.405/FL 450
Textron Aviation
Citation CJ4
CE-525C
$9,395,000
2+8/9
51.8
2.36
75.4/92.8/89.5
53.3
15.3
50.8
17.3/17.3
4.8
4.8/3.3
6/40
71/1,000
2 Wms Intl
FJ44-4A
3,621/ISA+11C
5,000t
17,230
17,110
15,660
12,500c
10,460
2,040
6,770
1,600
5,828
942
4,730
5,170
0.770
FL 279/305
9.0
3,190
5,021
16,968
1,942
117
99
2,281
14/FL 370
839
430
45,000
45,000
28,200
23,984
377
812
FL 450
0.464
442
1,470
FL 370
0.301
1,425
407
3,753
0.380/FL 450
1,913
413
4,904
0.390/FL 450
1,919
414
4,911
0.391/FL 450
1,942
415
4,911
0.395/FL 450
2,433
0+46
1,089
0.275/FL 390
2,449
1+27
1,868
0.321/FL 410
2,530
2+24
2,829
0.353/FL 430
FAR 23 Commuter
category, 2009
FAR 23 Commuter
category, 2010
A P I LO T ’ S P LA N E
THAT PA S S E N G E R S LO V E
// Q UIET, SPAC IO US C O MFO R T
// SUP ERIO R P ERFO RMANC E
// UNBEATABLE VALUE
“With the 400XT’s superior speed
and cabin space we can fly Genev a t o
Iceland in comfort. That kind of performance
is great for operational flexibility and our client s
get a better experience, so everybody wi ns.”
– C aptain Dominique Bugnon 400XT pi l ot
With a history dating back
over 45 years, TAG Aviation
leads the world in
private and business
aviation services.
“The 400XT is a great success for us. Initially we had some doubts about
a remanufactured aircraft but the 400XT has proved a dependable money
maker and a thoroughbred in every way. The figures speak for themselves –
lower operating costs, the longest range in its class and fantastic value.
Plus, everybody loves it – pilots, ground staff and passengers most of all.”
R O B W ELLS , C E O O F TA G AV I AT I O N
twitter.com/nextantaero
facebook.com/nextantaerospace
/ / R E I M A G I N E D //REB UILT //REB O RN
www.nextantaerospace.com
For more information,
please telephone +1 216.261.9000 or
email [email protected]