Diapositiva 1

Severe epidemic of bacterial canker on
yellow kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas
syringae pv. actinidiae in central Italy
Patrizia Ferrante and Marco Scortichini
C.R.A. Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura ROMA Italy
COST873 26-29.10.2009 – Cetara (SA) ITALY
Kiwifruit production in Italy
Lazio (35%)
Emilia Romagna (20%)
Piemonte (15%)
Veneto (15%)
Geographical distribution
Italy, 1994/2008
Iran, 1994
Japan, 1984
South Korea, 1995/2009
Symptoms on green kiwifruit
Symptoms on yellow kiwifruit
Symptoms on yellow kiwifruit
Symptoms on yellow kiwifruit
Symptoms on yellow kiwifruit
Symptoms on yellow kiwifruit
Symptoms on yellow kiwifruit
Predisposing factors
 hailstorm
 spring frost
 heavy rain and high wind
 host susceptibility
A. chinensis, in particular cultivar Hort16a,
appears more sensitive to P.s.pv.actinidiae
infection than A. deliciosa (cv. Hayward).
P. s. pv. actinidiae strains
Strain name
Place of
isolation
CRA-FRU 10.22
CRA-FRU 10.26
CRA-FRU 8.52
CRA-FRU 8.43
CRA-FRU 8.51
CRA-FRU 8.57
CRA-FRU 10.6
CRA-FRU 10.10
CRA-FRU 10.28
4252 A,1
CRA-FRU 10.25
4649,1
CRA-FRU 1.2
CRA-FRU 3.1
CRA-FRU 10.5
CRA-FRU 10.14
CRA-FRU 10.15
CRA-FRU 10.16
CRA-FRU 10.24
CRA-FRU 5.1
CRA-FRU 8.69
CRA-FRU 8.75
CRA-FRU 8.80
KW11
KW31
KW30
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Ravenna-Italy
Latina-Italy
Ravenna-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Latina-Italy
Japan
Japan
Japan
Year of
isolation
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
1984
1984
1984
Host plant-cultivar
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-CK3
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis
A.chinensis-CK3
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Hort16a
A.chinensis-Jintao
A.chinensis-Jintao
A.chinensis-Jintao
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
A.deliciosa-Hayward
Rep-PCR
P. s. pv. syringae
P. s. pv. actinidiae, Italy, 2008-09
P. avellanae
P. s. pv. theae
P. s. pv. actinidiae, Japan, 1984
Genomospecies 8
sensu Gardan et al.
(1999)
 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae was isolated from A. deliciosa cv. Hayward
in 1994. After the record the pathogen was sporadically noticed and never caused
significant losses
 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae has been identificated for the first time as
causal agent of bacterial canker of yellow kiwifruit (A. chinensis) in Italy in 2008. We
collected about 100 isolates of P.s. pv. actinidiae mainly from yellow kiwifruit
 Disease incidence in the field ranged from 50% to 80% and was associated with
A. chinensis cultivars. In fact A. deliciosa cv. Hayward showed a lower disease
incidence and severity, and the symptoms affected mainly the leaves
 The representative gel of BOX-PCR shows that the Italian strains generate
fingerprints identical to each other but not with those of the strains isolated in Japan
in 1984. A certain degree of similarity was noticed with P. avellanae and P.s.pv.
theae belonging to genomospecies 8
 Further characterisations are still in progress