science and exploration around the world
Transcription
science and exploration around the world
SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION AROUND THE WORLD 2015 HIGHLIGHTS FROM OUR EXPLORERS CONTENTS Grant Programs 4 Exploration and Discovery 5 Science and Conservation 6 Engagement and Storytelling 7 Supporting Projects Around the World 8 Grantmaking by the Numbers The endangered Matschie’s tree kangaroo in Papua New Guinea. OUR PURPOSE The National Geographic Society is a global nonprofit organization driven by a passionate belief in the power of science, exploration, education, and storytelling to change the world. We nurture and empower the world’s most innovative scientists, explorers, and storytellers to help solve the planet’s mysteries and challenges. Since its founding in 1888, the National Geographic Society has funded more than 12,000 scientific research, conservation, and exploration projects around the globe. Let’s change the world together. 9 Connect With Us 10 Committees and Advisory Boards 11 Photo Credits and Captions 12 Reviewers13 “Work funded by [the National Geographic Society] helped create the first and only (so far) Conservation Area in Papua New Guinea. This Conservation Area now protects endangered species such as the Matschie’s tree kangaroo, long-beaked echidna, and vulturine parrot.” James Day, Grantee Global Exploration Fund, Northern Europe Lisa Dabek Recipient of two grants A NOTE FROM TERRY GARCIA Chief Science and Exploration Officer From the farthest reaches of the globe to our own national parks, the National Geographic Society is always exploring, driven by a desire to understand the world and all of its mysteries. We are committed to supporting the best in science and exploration through our grant programs, whether we’re mapping the bottom of the sea, climbing an unspoiled mountain or unearthing new clues to human history. 2015 marked another year of impressive research and exploration made possible by the National Geographic Society. Over the course of the year, we funded 491 projects and invested $11,261,495 in science, conservation and exploration, resulting in more than 500 scientific publications. I want to thank you, our Explorers, partners, advisory board members, and dedicated reviewers, for your contributions to our success. You are an integral part of this compelling work. These are your stories, your moments and your discoveries, and I am proud to share some of them here. There is still much more to learn and explore. In 2016, we will continue and expand our focus on climate change, critical species, the health of our oceans and preservation of our cultural heritage, and we hope you’ll join us. On behalf of everyone at the National Geographic Society, I want to wish each of you a happy new year – and look forward to exciting discoveries to come! Sincerely, In the ruins of a pre-Columbian city, archaeologists discovered a cache of stone objects, including jars decorated with the images of vultures and snakes. Archaeologist Chris Fisher and team discovered the site in Honduras with the help of LIDAR technology. Terry Garcia Chief Science and Exploration Officer GRANT PROGRAMS T H E W O R K Y O U S U P P O R T The National Geographic Society offers a range of grant programs for fieldwork across a variety of disciplines. When you work with us, you’re supporting outstanding science and exploration. Click on a grant program’s title to learn more about its history and the work it funds. Click the images to link to online content for the grant. COMMITTEE FOR R E S E A R C H A N D E X P L O R AT I O N CONSERVATION TRUST EXPEDITIONS COUNCIL N G S / WA I T T G R A N T S REGIONAL PROGRAMS YOUNG EXPLORERS GRANTS BIG CATS INITIATIVE GENOGRAPHIC GRANTS GREAT ENERGY CHALLENGE LINDBLAD EXPEDITIONS/NG FUND Since 1890, the Committee for Research and Exploration (CRE) has been providing grants for hypothesis-driven research in the field sciences, sending thousands of scholars to every corner of the globe. EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY HOMO NALEDI: A NEW HUMAN ANCESTOR LEE BERGER < EXPLORER-IN-RESIDENCE Click here to read the National Geographic magazine article. SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION NORTHERN EUROPE OKAVANGO STEVE BOYES, SHAH EXPEDITION SELBE, AND JER THORPE < EXPEDITIONS COUNCIL EXPLORER PROGRAMS Berger and his team uncovered a new species of human ancestor in a remote cave in South Africa. So far, they have found 1,550 bones belonging to at least 15 individuals. TRAVERSING BØRGE OUSLAND ALASKA’S GLACIERS From studying climate change in Alaska to discovering a new species of human ancestor in a South African cave, our Explorers are pushing boundaries, reaching remote locations, and finding unexpected answers to share with the world. Click each tile to learn more about the project. < MAYA REVEALS TOMÁSSHRINE BARRIENTOS, A NEW WORLD ORDER MARCELLO A. CANUTO, AND LUKE AULD-THOMAS COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION A team of Nat Geo Explorers embarked on a 1,500-mile journey down the Okavango watershed in Africa, capturing data to encourage the protection of this threatened ecosystem. Archaeologists were shocked to find stela fragments depicting a vassal lord of Tikal, which changed our understanding of the history of the Maya site El Achiotal. Click here to check out data from the expedition. Click here to learn more about the discovery. LOOKING INSIDE ANTON SEIMON A TORNADO EXPEDITIONS COUNCIL < < A REAL LIFE BRENNAN PHILLIPS SHARKCANO NGS/WAITT GRANT The team crossed the three largest ice caps in Alaska to highlight how climate change is quickly altering this landscape. The deadly 2013 El Reno tornado was filmed and photographed by dozens on the ground. A new digital tool uses this data to help scientists and storm trackers better understand these massive twisters. Deep-sea cameras revealed the surprising discovery of sharks and other sea life living inside the caldera of an underwater volcano. Click here to get a look inside the expedition. Click here to learn how the technology works. Click here to watch the astonishing footage. < SCIENCE AND CONSERVATION CHILE CREATES ENRIC SALA LARGEST MARINE PARK EXPLORER-IN-RESIDENCE IN THESEAS AMERICAS PRISTINE PROJECT < NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY AND GLOBESCAN As elephant populations continue to decline due to poaching for ivory, we wanted to know, what motivates people to buy ivory? Media THE PEOPLING MARTA OF PATAGONIA < ALFONSO-DURRUTY With the DigiCatch camera in their trawls, fishermen receive real-time video of their catch and can decide whether to proceed with the tow or cast their net elsewhere. Using ancient and modern DNA, scientists are uncovering the mystery of who first reached the southern tip of South America. < A CHANGING LANDSCAPE YAN LU MONGOLIA IN INNER AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN CHINA Traditional cultural water conservation practices are threatened by agricultural development in inner Mongolia. TECHNO TRAWLS TO ROB TERRY REDUCE BYCATCH < LINDBLAD EXPEDITIONSNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC (LEX-NG) FUND GENOGRAPHIC PROJECT Chile announced the creation of a fully protected no-take zone encompassing 12 percent of its waters, two years after the Pristine Seas team conducted a scientific expedition to the Desventuradas Islands. WHO BUYS IVORY? RESEARCH ON IVORY DEMAND We strive to better understand and preserve the intricate and interconnected systems of our planet. From oceans to energy, we are committed to studying and protecting the world’s diverse and extraordinary environments and creatures. Click each tile to learn more about the project. < PUTTING WASTE SANERGY/POWER FROM TO GOOD USE SANITATION GREAT ENERGY CHALLENGE Sanergy, an innovative social enterprise, was named one of Kenya’s Start-Up Stars by TIME magazine for its work using waste from local slums to generate electricity. < ENGAGEMENT AND STORYTELLING HIGHLIGHTS HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2015 FROM 2015 < Click here to watch the video. SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION EUROPE Photographer and journalist Martin Edström explored Son Doong, the world’s largest cave, and documented its pristine environment with breathtaking, 360-degree panoramas. Click here to explore the colossal cave. FLORIDA WILDLIFE CARLTON WARD CORRIDOR EXPEDITION < CONSERVATION TRUST This year, the National Geographic Society continued our legacy of studying, exploring, and protecting our planet. Watch this recap of just a few of our many captivating moments in science and exploration from 2015! THE WORLD’S LARGEST MARTIN CAVE, INEDSTRÖM 360 DEGREES Our Explorers enlighten and entertain global audiences to help them better understand the world. We look for new ways to ignite the spirit of exploration in people of all ages, empowering them to make a difference. Click each tile to learn more about the project. < FOURTEEN NEW EMERGING EXPLORERS EMERGING EXPLORERS Florida is wilder than you think, and Explorers are working to keep it that way for the threatened species that live there. In 2015, National Geographic introduced a new class of amazing scientists, storytellers, and innovators. Click here to read the blogs from the expedition. Click here to meet the 2015 class. HIGH FIVE HIGH FIVECATS GIVE $5 FOR BIG BIG CATS INITIATIVE For World Lion Day, the Big Cats Initiative asked the public to “High Five. Give $5. Save Big Cats,” raising awareness about the plight of these majestic creatures and raising funds to protect them. Click here to see how the proceeds are supporting conservation efforts. < ON THE DIRT PAUL ROADSALOPEK AGAIN OUT OF EDEN WALK After a hiatus in Georgia, Fellow Paul Salopek has picked up the tempo as he treks toward Azerbaijan and the Caspian Sea on the Out of Eden Walk. Click here to read Paul’s dispatches from the trail. < < < SUPPORTING PROJECTS AROUND THE WORLD Since 1890, we have awarded more than 12,000 grants. We funded nearly 500 Explorers in 2015 alone. These projects offer a lens on a changing world, shining light on how we live today and where we may find ourselves tomorrow. Click on the map below to explore the 2015 grants in our online interactive map. Latitudes not containing a 2015 grant project are not represented. 2015 BY THE NUMBERS The National Geographic Society supports incredible scientists, conservationists and explorers, all over the world. We invest in talented people who are solving today’s challenges and innovators who are paving the way for our future. Here are highlights from the year. $11,261,495 awarded to 491 projects in 100 countries. 529 papers published, featuring work funded by Nat Geo. Lee Berger’s Homo naledi discovery appeared on the front page of more than 40 newspapers worldwide. A National Geographic News story about the discovery was the most viewed News story of 2015. 20 percent of our Explorers were younger than 26. Sylvia Earle received her first Nat Geo grant in 1998. That year, 61 women received grants. Nat Geo awarded its first international grant to Roald Amundsen of Norway in 1913. In 2015, 153 Nat Geo grants went to female Explorers doing fieldwork. In 2015, Nat Geo awarded 180 grants to international Explorers. CONNECT WITH US Follow our explorers and get their tweets from the field: @natgeoexplorers Connect with the global National Geographic community: facebook.com/natgeoexplorers Let’s explore together. Join us online at natgeo.org, or follow us on social media. COMMITTEES & ADVISORY BOARDS The National Geographic Society sincerely thanks the experts who sit on our grant committees and advisory boards. These individuals are key to the success of our grantmaking process, and we are most grateful for their time and commitment to our programs and the projects they support. BIG CATS INITIATIVE: Sarah Durant, Luke Hunter, Beverly and Dereck Joubert, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Tico McNutt, Stuart Pimm, George Rabb, Rudi van Aarde COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION TRUST: Paul A. Baker, Kamaljit S. Bawa, Colin Chapman, John Francis, Janet Franklin, Carol Harden, Kirk Johnson, Jonathan B. Losos, John O’Loughlin, Steve Palumbi, Naomi Pierce, Peter H. Raven, Jeremy A. Sabloff, Monica L. Smith, Thomas B. Smith, Wirt H. Wills EXPEDITIONS COUNCIL: David Braun, Amy Bucci, Geoff Daniels, Dan Gilgoff, Peter Gwin, Susan Hitchcock, Claire Jones, Amy Kolczak, Sarah Laskin, Jared Lipworth, Rebecca Martin, Gregory McGruder, Rajiv Mody, Courteney Monroe, Sadie Quarrier, Norie Quintos, Brooke Runnette, Jamie Shreeve, Carlyn Staudt, Lisa Thomas, Katherine Thompson, James Williams GENOGRAPHIC LEGACY FUND: Terry Garcia, Simon Longstaff, Kim McKay, Losang Rabgey, Dominique Rissolo, Miguel Vilar THE GREAT ENERGY CHALLENGE: Sally M. Benson, José Goldemberg, Daniel Kammen, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Amory Lovins, Rajendra K. Pachauri LINDBLAD EXPEDITIONS/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC FUND: John Francis, Terry Garcia, Sven Lindblad, Lorenzo Rosenzweig NGS/WAITT GRANTS: John Francis, Sarah Laskin, Dominique Rissolo REGIONAL GRANTS EUROPE: Leonida Fusani, Karen Gunn, Sandra Knapp, Manfred Niekisch, Jan Nijman, Chris Scarre, Birger Schmitz, Lars Werdelin ASIA: Kai Cao, Jae Chun Choe, Jay Hyun Yang, Didi Kasim, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Yungshih Lee, Madhu Rao, Koji Shimada, Rasmi Shoocongdej AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN CHINA: An Zhisheng, Bi Jun, Ma Jun, Liu Jianqiang, Lu Zhi, Qu Jiuhui, Wen Bo PHOTO CREDITS & CAPTIONS Cover - James Frystak in one of the entrances of the fumarole caves of Mt. Ranier. The plastic flow of the ice plug into the crater effects episodic gas releases through vents in the caves, altering the internal climate, introducing gases that could be acting as nutrients for microbial communities near the vents, and pose periodic threats to climbers sheltering in the caves. Credit: Francois-Xavier De Ruydts Contents Page - The endangered Matschie’s tree kangaroo in Papua New Guinea. Credit: Tim Laman/National Geographic Creative Page 3 - In the ruins of a pre-Columbian city, archaeologists discovered a cache of stone objects, including jars decorated with the images of vultures and snakes. Archaeologist Chris Fisher and team discovered the site in Honduras with the help of LIDAR technology. Credit: Dave Yoder Page 4 - Left to Right, Top to Bottom - Big Cats Around The World Credit: National Geographic | Carving of Kurru Demons. Credit: Geoff Emberling | A baby elephant and its mother. Credit: Michael Nichols/National Geographic Creative | Expeditions Council. Credit: National Geographic | Artistic rendering of Machu Picchu, lost city of the Inca, circa A.D. 1500. Credit: Tritone Images Inc./National Geographic Creative | Solar Repair Credit: Mick Wallace courtesy Impact Energies | Tomás De Berlanga School Credit: ©2013 Jennifer Davidson Photography | A diver inspects a reef. Credit: Michael Lombardi | An ice-climbing enthusiast scales a 75-foot icefall. Credit: George F. Mobley/National Geographic Creative | On a train from Lufeng to Kunming, Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China. Credit: Jodi Cobb/National Geographic Creative | Zheng Chen conducting a survey of rare earth elements in the origin areas of the Gan River and the Pearl River. Photo by Fenghua Wang/National Geographic Creative | Young Explorers Grants Credit: National Geographic Page 5 - Left to Right, Top to Bottom - The discovery of Homo naledi added a new branch to the human family tree. This depiction of the species’ face was conjured in clay and cast in silicone by paleoartist John Gurche. Credit: Mark Theissen/National Geographic Creative | Steve Boyes encounters the elephant Mombo on the Okavango Expedition, a journey to explore the headwaters of the Okavango to document and protect the region. Credit: James Kydd | Vincent Colliard jumps glacial runoff while trekking in Alaska’s Stikine Ice Field with Børge Ousland. Credit: Børge Ousland/National Geographic Creative | This dark wall cloud produced the largest tornado in history. With a 2.6 mile-wide air column, the tornado was responsible for at least eight fatalities, including storm chasers Tim and Paul Samaras and Carl Young. Credit: Mike Theiss/National Geographic Creative | Brennan Phillips recovered this image of a shark living in the caldera of an underwater volcano from a National Geographic dropcam deployed in the Soloman Islands. Phillips is researching deep sea hydrothermal activity. Credit: National Geographic Remote Imaging Lab Page 6 - Left to Right, Top to Bottom - Pristine Seas divers encountered this Juan Fernández fur seal while exploring the marine ecosystems of the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Enric Sala | Dr. Marta Alfonso-Durruty examines the skeletal remains of an early inhabitant of Patagonia at the University of Magallanes in Punta Arenas, Chile. Credit: Dr. Miguel Vilar | SmartCatch stands to revolutionize the fishing industry and improve fishing sustainability with its precision-fishing products such as DigiCatch. Credit: Rob Terry | An elephant feeds on a Solanum campylacanthum plant. This shrub is toxic to some animals but can be eaten by elephants which helps prevent bush encroachment. Robert Pringle researches how spatial patterning regulates behavior of large mammals. Credit: Robert Pringle/National Geographic Creative | Gigermead, a historical local pastoralist, hopes to pass down his knowledge about nomadic production, water and grass to young generations. Yan LU is researching traditional knowledge on water protection in Mongolia. Credit: Yan LU/National Geographic Creative | Sanergy uses several small biodigesters to test the methane content and production volume of different feedstocks in order to optimize biogas production. Credit: Courtesy of Sanergy Page 8 - Left to Right, Top to Bottom - A biofluorescent sea turtle discovered near the Solomon Islands. Credit: David Gruber | Like many of Florida’s springs, the eelgrass and other native vegetation at Manatee Springs has been displaced by toxic green algae, seen encircling a manatee in search of food. Credit: Carlton Ward/National Geographic Creative | 2015 Emerging Explorer and archaeologist Salam Al Kuntar works to preserve Syrian cultural heritage. Credit: Jon Betz | Martin Edström prepares to photograph the first doline of Hang Son Doong. He and his team documented the world’s largest cave with 360° panoramas. Credit: Mats Edström | A lion in the morning sun in Kidepo Valley National Park, northeastern Uganda. Dr. Tom Butynski researches the primates of Uganda. Credit: Yvonne A. De Jong and Thomas M. Butynski | National Geographic Fellow Paul Salopek sets out of Poka, Georgia, on his 21,000-mile walking journey, Out of Eden, to retrace our ancestors’ migration out of Africa and across the globe. Credit: Dima Bit-Suleiman Page 9 - Left to Right, Top to Bottom - Gregory Barord releasing Nautilus pompilius and Allonautilus scrobiculatus. Peter Ward researching the population number and extinction risk of Allonautilus. Credit: Peter Ward/National Geographic Creative | Manipulation of food items is the most common unimanual behavior amongs kangaroos and wallabies, observed by a team member in the background. Yegor Malashichev researching handedness in wild bipedal marsupials of Australia. Credit: Andrey Giljov/National Geographic Creative | Lucas Gheco taking samples of rock art paints for chemical studies at Oyola 14. Young Explorer Grantee Lucas Ignacio Gheco researching prehispanic rock art in Argentina. Credit: Lucas Gheco/National Geographic Creative| Dr. Sylvia Earle explores the seafloor in a submersible, while a diver with a National Geographic flag swims nearby. Both are participating in the Sustainable Seas Expedition. Credit: National Geographic Television | Venom is collected from an Australian funnel-web spider. Grantee Mark Wong researching geographic variation in the funnel-web spider. Credit: Mark Wong/National Geographic Creative Page 10 - Grantee Vadim Loginov researching one of the deepest high-altitude cave systems in the world. Credit: Rinaldi Alessandro/National Geographic Creative GRANT REVIEWERS The National Geographic Society sincerely thanks the over 2000 expert reviewers who assisted us in supporting nearly 500 projects this year. These individuals are key to the success of our grant making process, and we are most grateful for the hours and expertise they devote to the grant programs and the quality they ensure in our approval process. All proposal reviewers for 2015 are listed below in alphabetical order. A-F A B Abegg, Dr. Martin Abel, Mr. Grant Abernathy, Mr. Kyler J. Abernethy, Dr. Kate Abusharif, Mr. Abraham Ackerman, Dr. James D. Adams, Dr. Craig Adams, Mr. Paul Adi, Mr. Maha Adler, Prof. Daniel S. Adler, Dr. Kraig Adroher, Dr. Andres Afonso, Dr. Pedro Agnone, Ms. Susannah V. Aguire-Urreta, Dr. Beatriz Ahmed, Mr. Firoz Ainley, David G. Ainsworth, Dr. Cameron H. Ainsworth, Ms. Emily M. Akins, Mr. Lad Al-Shehbaz, Dr. Ihsan A. Alan, Mr. Jeremy Albrecht, Dr. Christian Alcock, Dr. Susan E. Aldrete, Dr. Gregory Allard, Dr. Francis Allen, Dr. Bruce Allendorf, Dr. Teri D. Alley, Mr. Jamie Alonzo, Dr. Suzanne Alstrom, Dr. Per Altrichter, Dr. Mariana Altshuler, Dr. Douglas L. Amann, Dr. Rudolf Amoke, Dr. Irene An, Associate Wei An, Dr. Zhisheng Andersen, Dr. Alan N. Anderson, Dr. David E. Anderson, Professor David Anderson, Dr. Jason Anderson, Ms. Sandra Anderson, Mr. Walt Andren, Dr. Thomas Andres, Dr. Brian Andrews, Dr. Anthony P. Andrews, Dr. E. Wyllys Andrus, Dr. Fred T. Angielczyk, Dr. Kenneth D. Anglada-Escude, Guillem Anitori, Dr. Roberto Ansorge, Dr. Hermann Antinao, Jose Luis Antonaccio, Dr. Carla M. Antonelli, Dr. Alexandre Ao, Mr. Fenglin Ardren, Dr. Traci Areshian, Dr. Gregory E. Arkush, Dr. Elizabeth N. Armbruster, Dr. W. Scott Armitage, Dr. John Armstrong, Dr. Douglas V. Arnedo, Dr. Miquel Arnold, Dr. Dennis Aronson, Dr. Richard B. Arthur, Dr. John Aryal, Mr. Achyut Ashmore, Dr. Wendy Ashton, Dr. Mark S. Aslan, Dr. Clare Aslan, Dr. Reza Asselin, Dr. Hugo Atakuman, Dr. Cigdem Atha, Mr Daniel Athreya, Mrs. Vidya Atisa, Dr. George Aureli, Dr. Filippo Ausubel, Dr. Jesse Avanzini, Prof. Alessandra Aveni, Dr. Anthony F. Avouac, Dr. Jean-Phillip Ayala-Varela, Fernando Aziz, Dr. Abdul Azua-Bustos, Mr. Armando Backman, Kenneth Backwell, Dr. Lucinda Bahn, Dr. Paul G. Baird, Dr. Andrew Hamilton Baker, Dr. C. Scott Baker, Dr. David Baker, Professor Victor Baker-Masson, Mrs. Pamela Balakrishnan, Dr. Christopher Balascio, Mr. Nicholas Bale, Dr. John Balick, Dr. Michael J. Balina, Mrs. Lorna Balke, Dr. Michael Ballesteros, Daniel Bamford, Dr. Marion K. Bamforth, Dr. Douglas B. Ban, Dr. Natalie Bao, Dr. Cunkuang Barbeau, Dr. David Barber, Dr. Paul Barborak, Mr. Jim Bard, Dr. Kathryn A. Bard, Professor Kim Barker, Dr. Graeme Barker, Ms. Holly Barlas, Dr. Asma Barlow, Dr. Jay Barnett, Ms. Cynthia Baron, Dr. Jill Barone, Pier Mateo Barr, Dr. Bradley Barrera, Mr. Elias Barrett, Dr. Caitlin Eilis Barrett, Dr. Paul M. Barry, Prof. Terry Bartlett, Dr. Thad Barton, Mr. Loukas W. Barton, Dr. Nicholas Bates, Dr. John M. Bauer, Dr. Brian S. Bauer, Dr. Hans Bauman, Mr. Mark Baxter, Ivan Bay, Dr. Rachael Bayliss, Dr. Julian L. Bayliss-Smith, Dr. Tim Beall, Dr. Cynthia M. Beard, Dr. K. Christopher Beck, Dr. Robin A. Beck, Erwin Becker, Dr. Matthew S. Beckerman, Dr. Stephen Beckett, Dr. Ronald G. Beckman, Professor John Beddows, Dr. Patricia A. Beechler, Dr. Brianna Beers, Dr. Jody Begg, Dr. Colleen M. Beh, Dr Adam Behrensmeyer, Dr. Anna K. Beisaw, Dr. April M. Beissinger, Dr. Steven R. Belfer-Cohen, Dr. Anna Bell, Dr. Sandra Bellwood, Dr. Peter S. Belt, Ms. Jami Bely, Alexandra Bement, Dr. Leland C. Benkman, Dr. Craig W. Bennet, Mr. John Bennett, Dr. Jeff Bennett, Dr. Nathan Bensch, Dr. Staffan Benson, Dr. Roger B. J. Bentley, Dr. Michael Berard, Dr. Benoit Bercovitch, Dr. Fred B. Berdahl, Dr. Andrew M. Berger, Dr. Lee Bergman, Dr. Thore J. Bergman, Dr. Harold Berlin, Dr. Andrea Berman, Dr. Mary Jane Bernardini, Dr. Wesley Bernbaum, Dr. Edwin Bernbeck, Dr. Reinhard W. Bernhardt, Dr. Peter B. Berrocal, Dr. Maria Cruz Berry, Dr Pam Besaw, Mrs. Bridget Besirevic-Regan, Ms. Jasmina Best, Dr. Troy Bettinger, Dr. Robert L. Bevington, Mr. Alexandre R. Bey, Dr. George J. Bhuju, Dr. Dinesh R. Bickford, Dr. David P. Biehl, Dr. Peter F. Bierman, Dr. Paul R. Bigelow, Dr. Nancy Bischof, Dr. Richard Bjork, Dr. Kathe Blackburn, Dr. David C. Blackburn, Terrence Blair, Dr. Matthew Blakely, Dr. Sandra Bleisch, Dr. William V. Bleisch, Dr. Bill Bleyer, Ms. Stephanie Blieck, Dr. Alain Blodgett, Dr. Robert B. Bloom, Dr. Devin D. Bloom, Dr. Jonathan Blum, Ms. Abbe Blum, Mr. Clifford Blumstein, Dr. Daniel T. Bocherens, Prof. Herve Bogaard, Prof. Amy Bogin, Dr. Barry Boitani, Dr. Luigi Bolotov, Dr. Ivan Bond, Dr. Jason Bonebrake, Dr. Timothy C. Bonnan, Dr. Matthew Born, Mr. Rob Boroffka, Dr. Nikolaus G. O. Borrero, Dr. Luis A. Bose, Dr. Pablo Boswijk, Gretl Boulding, Dr. Elizabeth Bourne, Dr. David Boutin, Dr. Alexis Boutsikas, Dr. Efrosyni Bowen, Dr. Brian W. Bowser, Dr. Brenda Boyd, Dr. Robert S. Boyd, Dr. Cliff Boyer, Dr. Alison G. Bradbury, Dr. Jack W. Bradford, Dr. Mark Bradley, Dr. Richard Bradwell, Dr. Tom Braithwaite, Dr. Victoria Brandes, Dr. David Bransilver, Ms. Connie K. Branting, Dr. Scott Braun, Dr. David R. Braun, Mr. David Bravo, Dr. Marideth Brawn, Dr. Jeffrey D. Bray, Dr. Tamara L. Brenner, Dr. Mark Bresette, Mr. Michael Bribiescas, Dr. Richard Brickle, Dr. Paul Bridges, Dr. John Bridgewater, Dr Peter Brigham-Grette, Dr. Julie Brimblecombe, Dr. Peter Britt, Dr. Brooks B. Brncic, Dr. Terry Brochmann, Dr. Christian Brogan, Dr. Thomas Brousseau, Pauline Brouwer, Mr. Koen Brown, Dr. Daniel E. Brown, Mr. David E. Brown, Dr. M. Kathryn Brown, Dr. Rafe M. Brown, Dr. Eric Brown, Dr Gavin Brown, Ms. Harriet Brown, Dr. Les Brownell, Dr. Susan Browning, Mr. Thomas Brunkow, Mr. Jacy Delsin Buchmann, Dr. Stephen L. Bucholtz, Dr. Mary Buck, Dr. William R. Buffet, Dr. Pierre Buggs, Dr. Richard Buhay, Dr. William M. Bullard, Dr. Ash Bullerjahn, Dr. George Burke, Dr. Aaron Burne, Mr. Tim Burney, Dr. David A. Burns, Dr. Jennifer M. Burns, Ms. O’shannon Bursey, Charles Byakagaba, Dr. Patrick Bybee, Dr. Seth M. Byers, Ms. Alton C. Bytebier, Dr. Benny C G-L Cabeza, Dr. Mar Cade, Mr. David Caine, Dr. Nelson Cairns, Mr. Peter Calabro, Mrs. Tina Calisi-Rodriguez, Dr. Rebecca Callejas, Dr. Ricardo Cameron, Dr. Catherine M. Cameron, Dr. Averil Campbell, Dr. Stuart Angus Campbell, Dr. Eric Canuto, Dr. Marcello A. Cao, Miss Lei Capllonch, Dr. Patricia Capuska, Mr. Gabriel Machovsky Caputo, Mr. Robert Carballido, Dr. Jose Luis Carballo, Dr. David M. Caretta, Dr. Nicolas Carmean, Prof. Kelli Carmody, Dr. Padraig R. Caro, Dr. Tim M. Carpenter, Dr. Kenneth Carpenter, Mr. Scott Carranza, Dr. Salvador Carrapa, Dr. Barbara Carrasco-Nunez, Dr. Gerardo Carrivick, Dr. Jonathan Carroll, Dr. John Carter, Dr. Elizabeth F. Carter, Dr. Alison K. Caseldine, Professor Chris Castaneda, Dr. Mari Castellanos-Galindo, Dr. Gustavo Catania, Dr. Kenneth Cendrero, Dr. Antonio Cerneka, Mr. Peter Ceron, Dr. Alejandro Chan, Dr. Faith Chandler, Dr. Richard Chang, Mrs. Yan Channell, Mr. Kermit Channing, Dr. Alan Chapman, Dr. Ben Chapple, Dr. Taylor K. Charrier, Dr. Reynaldo Chasanah, Dr. Ekowati Chase, Dr. Brad Chaudhary, Dr. Ram P. Chen, Dr. Chang-Po Chen, Professor Chao Chen, Professor Hongguang Chen, Dr. Nengchang Chen, Professor Qiuwen Chen, Dr. Xueping Chen, Dr. Zheng Cheng, Ms. E. Samantha Cherel, Dr. Yves Cherry, Dr. John F. Chettri, Dr. Nakul Chiappe, Dr. Luis M. Chicoine, Dr. David Childs, Dr. Geoff Chou, Professor Loke Ming Christensen, Dr. Carl Christian Christie, Dr. Neil Christie, Dr. Patrick Christy, Dr. John H. Chrzanovski, Dr. Laurent Chung, Dr. Kuo-Fang Churchill, Dr. Steven E. Chuwa, Mr. Frank Cipolletta, Mrs. Chloe Cipriano, Dr. Frank Clark, Dr. David B. Clark, Dr. Rulon W. Clark, Dr. Chris Clark, Mr. Dave Clarke, Mr. Nat Clay, Dr. Keith Clegg, Dr. Sonya M. Clement, Dr. Charles R. Clifford, Dr. Stephen Cline, Dr. Eric H. Closterman, Dr. Wendy Clouse, Dr. Ronald M. Clusella, Ms. Susana Clutton-Brock, Dr. Timothy H. Cobb, Dr. Charles R. Codina, Dr. Gabriel Oliver Coetzee, Mr. Hendri Coffey, Dr. Lark Cohen, Dr. Andrew S. Colangelo, Mr. Paul Colin, Dr. Patrick Collins, Dr. Michael B. Collins, Professor Matthew Collins, Dr. Paul Compton, Dr. Steve Constantine, Dr. Rochelle Conyers, Dr. Lawrence B. Cooper, Ms. Tess Cooper, Dr. William Cope, Dr. W. Gregory Cordoba-Aguilar, Dr. Alex Coria, Dr. Rodolfo A. Corlett, Dr. Richard Corriveau, Dr Amelie Cort, Mrs. Louise Costa, Dr. Denise Cote, Dr. Steeve Coulthard, Professor Tom J. Courage, Mr. Amos Covell, Dr. Charles Covert, Dr. Herbert H. Covey, Dr. R. Alan Cox, Dr. Paul A. Cox, Dr. Robert M. Coxon, Dr. Darwyn Craig, Dr. Adrian Craighill, Ms. Margaret Crall, James Crawford, Dr. Gary W. Crawford, Dr. John Creekmore, Dr. Andrew T. Crewe, Dr. Lindy A. Crofoot, Dr. Margaret Croll, Dr. Donald A. Cromwell, Dr. Geoffrey Cronin, Thomas M. Crown, Dr. Elleanor Cruikshank, Dr. Ken Cruz, Dr. Dores Cuellar, Dr. Andrea Cummings, Dr. Vicki Cuno, Dr. James Cuny, Professor Philippe Cuomo, Dr. Serafina Curran, Mrs. Judith Curran, Dr. Sabrina Currano, Dr. Ellen D. Currie, Dr. Philip J. Curtis, Dr. Jason H. Curtis, Dr. Tobey M-R D S-Z D’emic, Dr. Michael D. D’encarnacao, Dr. Jose Dabek, Dr. Lisa F. Dabert, Dr. Miroslawa Daeschler, Dr. Edward B. Dahlby, Mr. Tracy Dai, Mrs. Liyan Dai, Lun Dakin, Dr. Roslyn Darrah, Professor Thomas Das, Dr. Indraneil Davenport, Dr. Tim R.b. Davies, Dr. Siwan Davis, Dr. Donald R. Davis, Dr. E. Wade De Araujo, Dr. Carlos De Dapper, Dr. Morgan J. De Grummond, Dr. Nancy T. De La Fuente, Dr Ricardo Perez De Leo, Dr. Giulio De Leon, Dr. Luis Fernando De Leon, Dr. Jason P. De Muizon, Dr. Christian H. De Sa, Dr. Rafael O. De Waal, Dr. Frans Dearborn, Dr. Donald Debrun, Mr. Guy Decarlo, Mr. Tom Dedes, Ms. Olivia A. Del Moral, Dr. Roger Dell’unto, Dr. Nicolo Delvaux, Dr. Damien Demarest, Dr. Arthur A. Demay, Mr. Richard Demere, Dr. Thomas A. Denbow, Dr. James R. Dennis, Dr. Paul Desjardins, Mr. John Deur, Dr. Douglas E. Diamond, Dr. Jared M. Diamond, Dr. Anthony Dias, Dr. Maria Dickinson, Dr. Oliver Diedericks, Miss Genevieve Dietsch, Dr. Craig Digangi, Dr. Joe Dillehay, Dr. Tom D. Ding, Ms. Jie Dirig, Mr. Robert Dixon, Dr. E. James Dizon, Dr. Eusebio Z. Dobb, Mr. Edwin Dobson, Dr. Andrew P. Dobson, Dr. F. S. Dobson, Ms. Nicola Dodson, Dr. Aidan Doe, Dr. Robert Dollar, Dr. Luke Jay Dollar, Dr. Luke Dominy, Dr. Nathaniel J. Domning, Dr. Daryl P. Donnelly, Dr. Maureen A. Doust, Dr. Andrew Dove, Dr. Michael Downie, Dr. Roger J. Dowsett, Dr. Harry Dozier, Professor Jeff Drake, Mr. David Drewes, Dr. Robert C. Driscoll, Dr. Killian Du Pont, Prof. Sam Duda,, Dr. Thomas F. Dudley, Dr. Robert T. Duff, Dr. Andrew I. Duffy, Dr. J. Emmett Dumbacher, Dr. John P. Duncan, Mr. Dayton Duncan, Dr. Frances Dunne, Dr. Jennifer Dupain, Mr. Jef Dupont, Mr. Andrew Durbin, Mr. Paul During, Dr. Bleda E Earle, Dr. Sylvia Alice Ebbin, Dr. Syma Eberth, Dr. David Echelle, Dr. Anthony A. Economo, Dr. Evan Eddy, Dr. Tyler Eder, Dr. James Edmunds, Dr. Peter J. Egan, Dr. Hugh Elgar, Prof. Mark Elias, Dr. Marianne Ellis, Dr. William Ellison, Dr. Joanna C. Emanuel, Dr. Ryan Emberling, Dr. Geoff Emch, Professor Michael Emmel, Dr. Thomas C. Emmons, Dr. Jim Emslie, Dr. Steven D. Endler, Dr. John A. Engel, Joakim Engelstein, Ms. Laura English, Mr. Michael Enloe, Dr. James G. Erdman, Dr. Mark Erlandson, Dr. Jon M. Ernenwein, Dr. Eileen G. Erol, Mr. Etem Erzini, Prof. Karim Escartin, Dr. Conxita Avila Espeland, Dr. Marianne Espinosa, Mr. Simon Esposito, Dr. Lauren Estes, Dr. James A. Estibaritz, Dr. Antton Alberdi Estrada-Belli, Dr. Francisco G. Evangelista, Mr. Dominic A. Evans, Dr. Karl Ezcurra, Dr. Exequiel Ezenwa, Dr. Vanessa O. F Fabricius, Dr. Katharina E. Fadiman, Dr. Maria G. Falk, Bryan Falk, Dr. Daniel Fancourt, Bronwyn Fang, Dr. Jing Farahani, Dr, Alan Farke, Dr. Andrew A. Farrell, Michelle Farrell, Dr. Pat Fascione, Ms. Nina Fastovsky, Dr. David E. Fattovich, Dr. Rodolfo Faulkner, Dr. Patrick Fazenda, Dr. Bruno Fedick, Dr. Scott L. Fee, Dr. Matt Feinman, Dr. Gary M. Feistner, Dr. Anna T. Fellowes, Dr. Mark Feng, Dr. Xinbin Fenton, Dr. M. Brock Fenwick, Dr. Corisande Fernando, Dr. Prithiviraj Pruthu Ferretti, Dr. Francesco Ferring, Dr. C. Reid Ferse, Dr. Sebastian Fessl, Dr. Birgit Fiala, Dr. Brigitte Fielding, Dr., Chris Fierer, Dr. Noah Fieseler, Ms. Clare M. Fine, Dr. Paul Fiorillo, Dr. Anthony R. Fishbein, Dr. Mark Fisher, Dr. Brian L. Fisher, Dr. Nevan Fishpool, Dr. Lincoln Fitzhugh, Dr. J. Benjamin Fitzhugh,, Dr. William W. Fitzpatrick, Dr. Scott M. Flad, Dr. Rowan K. Fleagle, Dr. John G. Fleishman, Dr. Erica Fleishman, Dr. Leo Fletcher, Dr. Roland J. Floeter, Dr. Sergio R. Floyd, Dr. Michael Fogg, Mr. Tim Foias, Dr. Antonia Fok, Dr. Lincoln Folan, Dr. William J. Fondahl, Dr. Gail Fong, Dr. Peggy Fonseca, Dr. Dina Ford, Dr. Neil B. Ford, Dr. James D. Ford, Dr. Benjamin L. Fordyce, Dr. R. Ewan Forester, Mr. John Forman, Dr. Steven L. Forster, Dr. Catherine A. Fosdick, Dr. Julie Fotso, Dr. Roger C. Fountain, Dr. Andrew G. Fowler, Dr. Scott Fowles, Dr. Severin Fox, Dr. Stanley F. Fox, Dr. Jefferson M. Frachetti, Dr. Michael D. Fragoso, Dr. Jose M. V. Francfort, Dr. Henri-Paul Francia, Mr. Luis Franklin, Dr. Janet Franklin, Kathryn Fraser, Dr. Nicholas C. Frechen, Manfred Frederickson, Dr. Megan E. Fredriksson, Dr. Gabriella Freidel, Dr. David A. Freimund, Dr. Wayne Frelich, Dr. Lee E. French, Dr. Susannah S. Friedlander, Dr. Alan M. Friend, Dr. Donald A. Fries, Prof. Ingemar Fritsch, Dr. Peter W. Fritz, Prof. Sherilyn C. Froese, Dr. Duane Frohlich, Dr. Bruno Froslev, Mrs. Lene Fry, Dr. Bryan G. Fujita, Dr. Matthew Fullagar, Dr. Richard Funston, Dr. Paul John Furlong, Ms. Roisin Furmanek, Professor Miroslaw Furuichi, Dr. Takeshi Fyles, Dr. Jim
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