deviations of the vertical in the netherlands from geodetic

NETHERLANDS
GEODETIC
PUBLICATIONS O N GEODESY
COMMISSION
NEW S E R I E S
VOLUME 6
NUMBER 3
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL
IN THE NETHERLANDS FROM
GEODETIC-ASTRONOMICAL
OBSERVATIONS
by
G. J. HUSTI
1978
RIJKSCOMMISSIE VOOR GEODESIE, THIJSSEWEG 11, DELFT, NETHERLANDS
PRINTED BY W. D. MEINEMA B.V., DELFT, NETHERLANDS
ISBN 90 6132 224 3
CONTENTS
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 The method of simultaneous latitude and longitude determination. Mathematical
model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Computer programmes
4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Latitude and longitude determination in Kootwijk using a Wild T4. . . . . . .
5 Latitude and longitude determination using a Zeiss Ni2 Astrolabe
. . . . . . .
6 Final results and deviations of the vertical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 References
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendices
I
List of the astronomical stations. Plane rectangular coordinates referring to the
Netherlands Triangulation system. Coordinates of the centre and of the instrument
site; reduction to the centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I1 Computer input of the measurements.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I11 Computer output of the measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
PREFACE
In the years 197k1977 the Netherlands Geodetic Commission had the opportunity to
increase the number of astronomical latitude and longitude determinations at 25 stations
of the first order triangulation. Together with the results of 7 Laplace stations, the deviations of the vertical of in total 32 stations are now known, thus allowing determination of
the geoid in a more or less detailed way. A report on this subject will be published in the
near future.
The Netherlands Geodetic Commission has special interest in this matter since on the
Eastern border of the Netherlands, in Western Germany, a detailed map of the deviations
of the vertical and of the geoid were published by S. HEITZ(1969) while on the Western
and Northern border of our country the North Sea becomes more and more an object of
scientific geodetic investigation (detailed gravity measurements, Seasat A altimetry, etc.).
The latitude and longitude determinations were done by Mr. C. DE VRIES,who in 1974,
in his early sixties, retired as a chief technician of the Department of Geodesy of the Delft
University of Technology. With his wife, Mrs. M. J. DE VRIES,as his booker he carried
out the measurements during the summer of the years 197k1977.
When in the late summer of 1977 the measurements were nearly finished, we were all
shocked by the passing away of Mr. DE VRIES,after a short illness.
Thanks of our Commission are due to Mr. DE VRIESfor carrying out the measurements
with the utmost care and accuracy and to his brave wife who will miss him the more so
as they formed, one may say, a unique astronomic-geodetic measuring team.
G. J. BRUINS
Mr. C . de Vries
DEVIATIONS O F THE VERTICAL I N T H E NETHERLANDS
F R O M G E O D E T I C - A S T R O N O M I C A L OBSERVATIONS
1 Introduction
Deviations of the vertical in The Netherlands were until recently known from latitude and
azimuth observations carried out in the years 1893-1899 [l], [2], [3], [6], from gravimetrical
measurements carried out by VENINGMEINESZin the years 1913-1921 [5], and from a
number of Laplace stations measured in the period 1947-1973 [8].
This publication deals with the latitude and longitude determinations carried out by
Mr. C. DE VRIESat a number of stations of the primary network in the years 1974-1977,
using a Zeiss Ni2 Astrolabe. At every station two independent measurements were performed in different periods, from which the mean external accuracy for the latitude and longitude
per station amounts to a,'= 0".2 and a, = 0".3. The final results are given in section 6,
table 8.
The observer's personal error was determined from similar observations, carried out
regularly at a reference station. As such served the observation pillar of the Satellite
Observatory at Kootwijk, and, in one case, that of the Laplace station Goedereede. The
results of the latitude and-longitudedeterminations of Kootwijk using a Wild T4 instrument
are also included in this report. The longitude of this station was used as reference value
for determining the observer's personal error from time to time. See section 4, table 2.
The deviations of the vertical related to the ED50 reference system, are shown in section
6, table 8 and in Fig. 4.
2 The method of simultaneous latitude and longitude determination. Mathematical model
In the period 1974-1977 astronomical latitude and longitude were determined at 25 stations,
applying the Gauss method and using a Zeiss Ni2 Astrolabe. In some cases a universal
instrument (Wild T4 or DKM 3A) was used. Taking provisional values for the latitude,
longitude and for the instruments zenith distance, we have:
The quantities Aq, AA, Az are now the unknowns, to be determined from zenith distances
of stars, regularly distributed in azimuth. Hence the observation equations are:
+
+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
cos aiAq - sin aiAAcos q o Az = li ci
i = 1,2, ...s (number of stars)
in which
a, = azimuth of the star, counted clockwise from the North
1, = observation vector
E , = least square adjustment correction
The observation vector 1, is the difference between the zenith distance computed and the
zenith distance observed :
The star's zenith distance z: in (3) and the azimuth a, in (2) are computed with the provisional values from the following formulae:
cos zi0
= sin cp,
sin 6, + cos cp, cos 6, cos ti
tan a, = -cos 6, sin t,/(sin 6, cos cp, -cos 6, sin cp, cos t,)
.. .. . . . . .
(4)
in which
6, = apparent declination of the star
t , = hour angle of the stars
The hour angle of the star is computed from the time observations. In the case a number
of fixed wires or a number of contacts is used, the mean value of the star's transit times
measured in chronometer time scale are:
T = [T,]/N
k
=
1,2,. ..N (number of wires or contacts). . . . . . . . ( 5 )
from which the hour angle follows:
UTI
=T+(UTC-T,)+(T-T,)A,T+(UTI-UTC)+AT,
GAST = UT1 X 1.00273791 + GMST(OhUT)+ ee, +(eel - ee,)
ti
in which :
UTl
=
GAST- a-1,/15
X
UT1/24
1
. .
(6j
= Universal Time referring to the Conventional International Origin
(C.I.O.)
(UTC- To) = chronometer correction from radio time signals at To (usually:
To < T)
= rate of the chronometer (usually in sec/hour)
A IT
(UT1- UTC) = correction to the time signals according to the circulars of the
Bureau International de 1'Heure (B.I.H.) or Royal Greenwich
Observatory (R.G.O.)
=
time delay of the radio time signal (with the HBG receiver used,
A Td
average : O"006)
= Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time
GMST
GAST
= Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time
= equation of equionoxes at OhUTat the day of the observation and
eeo, eel
at the next day
a
= apparent right ascension of the star
+
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL IN THE NETHERLANDS
7
The "observed" zenith distance in (3) is obtained by applying some corrections to the
provisional zenith distance (z,) of the instrument:
zi = zo+r+AzA+Az,+Az2+AzN
in which:
r
Az.4
AZI
Az2
a+
-
sin ai
+(P" + 7")
[sinail
. . . . . . . ..
(7)
= correction for the refraction
= correction for the diurnal aberration
= correction
for the curvature of the star's path in the field of view
for the distorsion of the horizontal (straighth) wires (= 0,
if the star crossed all the horizontal fixed wires close to the vertical
centre wire)
=
correction for the levelling with Horrebow-Talcott levels of a universal
A ZN
instrument (= 0, if an astrolabe is used)
(P" +z") = sum of the contact width and the lost motion of the self-recording
micrometer (= 0, if fixed wires are used)
= correction
The various quantities in (7) are defined by the following formulae:
r
p
270
270 + t 760
= -------(60".1
3 o
tan zO-0".072 tan z )
p = pressure of the air, in mm mercury
t = temperature of the air, in degrees Celsius
AzA = -Or'.32 cos cpO sin a cos zO
Az, = cot a (tan cpO cosec a -cot a cot z)F
Az,
= (cot zO(cos z0 cos a tan cp sin ~
~ ) ~ / s i n ~ a ) ~
F = [ d z i ] / 2 instrumental
~~
constant, depending on the number of fixed wires or
contacts used; Q = 206265"
dz, = wire distances with respect to the horizontal centre wire in seconds of arc;
k = 1,2, ... N
M:, M; = reference (mean) positions of the H.T. levels
M,, M, = +(r + l) ; mean of the level reading
= level value (positive, if zero point of the level on the opposite side of
p,,p,
the line of sight)
The three unknowns in the observation equations (3) can be solved by a least square
adjustment. Writing these equations in matrix form, we have:
and using equal weights, we obtain the following normal equations :
from which follows the vector of the unknowns :
in which Q is the weight coefficient matrix of the unknowns. It is approximately a diagonal
matrix (with elements Q, Q,,, Q,,), if the stars selected are regularly distributed in azimuth. The adjusted latitude and longitude, including polar motion corrections, are then
obtained from:
,,
in which X and y are the coordinates of the true pole (usually expressed in seconds of arc)
referring to the C.I.O. These data have to be taken from the circulars of B.I.H. or R.G.O.
The estimate of the variance of the observation vector follows from:
in which the vector E is determined from (8) by substituting the unknowns. The estimated
standard deviations of the unknowns are then:
3 Computer programmes
The computations were carried out using the IBM 370 of the Computing Centre of the
Delft University of Technology. The programmes used are based on the formulae given in
section 2. This programme is suitable for Ni2A measurements, and for measurements made
by a universal instrument, such as Wild T4 or D K M 3A.
The astronomical data and the coordinates of the stars in the computation were taken
from a data bank, which was placed at our disposal by the Astronomisches Recheninstitut,
Heidelberg, in the form of punched cards. This data bank contains the following data (see
1151, [161):
a. date, A, B, C, D, E, dJ/, d ~Z,, S.T., GMST(OhUT),ee, J.D. - 0.5, reference year - 1900;
for every day.
b. Star No., Magnitude, a,,,,, p, 6,,,,, p', 17;for every FK4 and FK4 Sup. star.
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL IN THE NETHERLANDS
9
The reduction of the star's position from 1950 to the moment of observation was established
by procedure FK4 according to the formulae given in [15].
The reduction includes also the influence of the second order terms:
These terms were determined by an iteration process. Thus, the star's coordinates obtained
by procedure FK4 have the same precision as those given in the Apparent Place of Fundamental Stars.
The same procedure of reduction was used for the computation of star predictions. The
resulting star list, used for the selection of the stars, contains information about the stars at
equal zenith distances (z = 30°), such as FK4 number, magnitude, Local Sidereal Time,
azimuth, parallactical angle (g), daldt, dzldt.
4 Latitude and longitude determination in Kootwijk using a Wild T4
The Satellite Observatory at Kootwijk was used as a reference station for the Zeiss Ni2A
measurements (see sections 5 and 6) to determine the observer's personal time error. The
longitude of the station Kootwijk had therefore to be determined using equipment suitable
for first order measurements. This equipment consisted of the following instruments:
-
-
universal instrument Wild T4, provided with Horrebow-Talcott levels and with a motor
driven self-recording micrometer, see Fig. 1;
chronoputer 2: digital quartz clock with a built-in microprocessor for computing the
mean value of an arbitrary number of contact times (usually: N = 27);
time recorder 3, for simultaneous recording of all the contact times (for check);
HBG receiver for the radio time signals;
signal converter "chronofix";
barometer (mmHg scale) ;
thermometer ("C scale).
For application of the Gauss method, as described in section 2, the Wild T4 was used as
an astrolabe. It was set up on a stable observation pillar, and the telescope was fixed in
instrument position face left at a constant zenith distance, approximately 30". Small variations in this zenith distance during the observations, however, were not automatically
eliminated, but recorded by a set of Horrebow-Talcott levels (see formula (7) in section 2).
With this method care should be taken that the levels are adjusted a long time before the
observations, to avoid after-effects of this adjustment. The stars were mainly selected
regularly distributed in the neighbourhood of the prime vertical, i.e. in the azimuth sectors
45"-135" and 235"-315". Thus the longitude to be determined has a higher accuracy than
the latitude. Obviously this method is then very similar to the Zinger method, used for the
determination of longitude only.
The stars, crossing the field of view about the centre point, were tracked at a fixed
telescope position over N = 27 contacts, excluding 5 starting contacts. The self-recording
micrometer was driven by a small step motor, the speed of which is controlled by the
Fig. I.
The Wild 7 4 provided with a motor driven self-recording micrometer, as used in Kootwijk.
11
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL IN THE NETHERLANDS
observer by means of an adjusting knob. Before starting the observations the mean velocity
of every star was set on a calibrated scale.
The advantages of applying a micromotor for driving a self recording micrometer may
summarised as follows (see [14]):
- the observations are practically free of the observer's personal error;
- the accuracy is about 25% better than using a manually operated micrometer;
-
the tracking of the star is easy (also with slow moving stars);
- the instrument set up has a better stability since the observer doesn't have to touch the
micrometer during the tracking of the star.
The computer input of the Wild T4 measurements, including the test measurements in
Delft, are given in the first part of appendix 11. The various instrument constants, defined
in section 2 (P+z, F, p l , p2 in seconds of arc), and the star's coordinates reduced to the
observation moment using procedure FK4, are also listed in this appendix. The corresponding computer output resulting from the above input are shown in the first part of
appendix 111. The dimensions of the various quantities, as defined in section 2, are indicated
in the first pages of appendices I1 and 111.
Table l
Test measurement at station Delft, observation platform of the new building of the Department
of Geodesy (Wild T4, big pillar)
date
number
of stars
1976 April 11
11
16
14
observer
V
H
mean value (ref.: C.I.O.)
P
6~
3,
61
51°59'12".09
12 .30
0.41
0 .37
-4"23'14".88
15 .l1
0".40
0 .25
51 "59'12.20
0.28
-4"23'15".00
OM.24
Table 2 Results of the Wild T4 measurements at station Kootwijk (pillar east)
date
number
of stars
weighted mean value (ref: C.I.O.)
observer
P
52O10'44.46
GV
0".21
3,
-5"48'35".64
61
0.09
The results from appendix 11, including polar motion corrections, are shown in tables 1
and 2. In Kootwijk six measurements were carried out by three observers. The longitudes
obtained from this agree very well. The latitudes, however, may be seen as a by-product
since most of the stars were selected close to the prime vertical.
On the other hand we have 21 latitudes, determined on the same pillar from the reference
observations with the NiA Astrolabe, which can be considered to be free of the personal
error of the observer. The mean value of these latitudes is: cp = 52"1Ot44".05; 8, = 0".04;
see section 5, tables 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Taking the weighted mean of all latitude observations we then have:
5 Latitude and longitude determinations using a Zeiss Ni2 Astrolabe
In the period 1974-1977 latitude and longitude were determined in a number of first order
stations of the Netherlands' network using the following equipment:
- Zeiss Ni2 Astrolabe with tripod
- Omega-2 time recorder or time recorder 3 and tapkey
-
signal converter "Chronofix" (with the Omega-2 only)
- HBG time signal receiver
Local Sidereal Time chronometer
barometer (mmHg scale)
thermometer (C0)
2 batteries (12V)
- battery charges (220)
-
-
The Ni2 Astrolabe had two improvements. Firstly, a new illumination system was fitted
for the cross wires, the horizontal circle, the plate level, and the level on the prism attachment. Secondly, an astronomical cross wire was mounted in the telescope with five horizontal wires (equidistances: 50 seconds of arc) and one vertical centre wire. Thus, the
stars were observed when crossing the five horizontal wires using a tapkey for the timerecording. During the transit the observer kept the vertical wire close to the star by means
of the horizontal fine motion knob of the instrument.
The Omega time recorder was in 1975 replaced by an other type of chronograph: time
recorder 3. This home-made digital quartz clock, provided with a separate digital printer,
has the following advantages :
-
low current consumption
- continuous operation
-
digital time display, approximately UTC
socket for HBG time signal input
The time keeping equipment was permanently mounted into a passenger car, see Fig. 2.
The full equipment as used in the field is shown in Fig. 3.
At every station two independent observation programmes were carried out, each consisting of 32 stars (FK4 or FK4 Supp. stars), regularly distributed in azimuth. One programme could be completed in about one and a half hour. To avoid correlation, the
measurements were carried out in different periods of the year or even in different years.
The instrument sites were chosen in a homogeneous surrounding as close as possible to the
first order point and were marked by a steel pipe driven into the ground.
Bearing and distance from instrument site to one of the permanent marks of the primary
Fig 2.
Fig. 3.
Equipment for time keeping.
Mr. and Mrs. De Vries demonstrating the equipment.
point were measured and from these data the plane rectangular coordinates of the instrument site and the reduction of the latitude and longitude to the centre were computed
(see appendix I).
The computer input of the observations with the Ni2A are given in the second part of
appendix 11, in accordance with the notation used in section 2. The corresponding computer
output resulting from the above input are shown in appendix 111. The dimensions of the
various quantities, as defined in section 2, are indicated in the first pages.
The results of the latitude and longitude determinations, including polar motion corrections, are shown in chronological sequence in tables 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Table 3 The Zeiss Ni2A measurements of 1974
station
(instrument site)
date
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Amersfoort
Bosberg
Zaltbommel
Nederweert
Venray
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Aardenburg
Oudgastel
Monnickendam
Workum
Winterswijk
Klifsberg
Rozendaal 3
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
May 15
May 17
June 14
June 15
June 20
June 21
June 22
Aug. 6
Aug. 15
Aug. 21
Aug. 22
Aug. 28
Aug. 30
Sep. 10
Sep. 18
Sep. 20
Oct. 10
Nov. 1
Remark. Two complete measurements (BerkheideIJune 4 and LemererbergIJune 20) were rejected because
of trouble with the recording of time signals. For the computation of the personal error, however, they are considered as valid observations.
In order to determine the influence of the observer's personal error on the astronomical
longitude, measurements were also carried out applying the same method and using the
same instruments at the reference station Kootwijk. In one case only, in 1976, two calibrations were made at the Laplace station Goedereede, from which the astronomical latitude
of Goedereede was determined at the same time. From the calibration data the correction
for the observer's personal error (see last columns) was computed from
in which ,lR is the longitude of the reference station used
- 5"48'35".64
Kootwijk :
Goedereede (instrument site) : - 3'58'3V.43
15
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL IN THE NETHERLANDS
Table 4 The Ni2A measurements of 1975
station
(instrument site)
date
Kootwijk
Kootwij k
Oudgastel
Workum
Bosberg
Venray
Zaltbommel
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Arnersfoort
Berkheide
Monnickendam
Rozendaal3
Winterswijk
Lemelerberg
Klifsberg
Nederweert
Aardenburg
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Berkheide
May 27
May 28
July 28
July 29
July 30
Aug. 1
Aug. 2
Aug. 3
Aug. 4
Aug. 6
Aug. 7
Aug. 18
Aug. 26
Aug. 27
Aug. 28
Sep. 21
Sep. 22
Sep. 26
Oct. 9
Oct. 12
Oct. 23
V
6,
il
A
AA(P)
8,
il
A
A%)
Table 5 The Ni2A measurements of 1976
station
(instrument site)
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Uithuizermeden
Eierland
Zaltbommel
Beek
Ubachsberg
Goedereede
Goedereede
Uithuizermeden
Lernelerberg
Ubachsberg
Beek
Eierland
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
date
May 6
May 7/A
May 7/B
May 14
May 17
May 22
In June-July
Aug. 7
Aug. 8
Aug.16
Aug. 17
Aug. 23
Aug. 24
Sep. 6
Sep. 19
Sep. 21
Sep. 22
Sep. 29
e)
52"10'44".49
OR.26
-5"48'34".00
44.38
0.14
33 .49
44 .l7
0 .20
34 .22
53 24 31 .99
0 .30
-6 42 30 .58
53 10 56 .96
0 .l5
-4 51 20 .l0
51 48 41 .92
0 .l8
-5 15 12 .01
the measurements were interrupted
513135.06
0.14
-5 37 34 .l9
505050.75
0.18
-5 56 57 .57
514908.05
0.12
-3 58 33 .78
8 .00
0 .l6
34 .24
0 .l4
-6 42 30 .64
53 24 31 .81
52 28 27 .95
0 .l6
-6 24 26 .40
-5 56 57 .67
50 50 50 .68
0 .l9
0 .l6
-5 37 34 .28
51 31 34 .68
0 .l6
-4 51 18 .99
53 10 57 .39
0 .l8
-5 48 33 .32
52 10 43 .97
0 .l6
33 .87
43 .98
A possible systematic error between these longitudes is neglected. When the personal error
changed significantly during one observational period, the corrections were applied proportionally to the number of measurements between the calibrations. It may be noticed that
the personal error changed only in the first year (1974) and in the following years it became
more or less constant.
Table 6
The Ni2A measurements of 1977
station
(instrument site)
date
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Urk
Steenwijk
Oosterhout
Schoorl
Groningen
Harikerberg
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Urk
Oosterhout
Groningen
Schoorl
Harikerberg
May 18
May 24
May 25
May 26
May 31
June13
July 2
July 3
July 4
July 5
July 15
July 21
Aug. 29
Sep. 1
Sep. 13
P
52"10'44".11
44 .03
52 39 45 .50
52 47 24 .67
51 38 49 .20
524154.59
53 13 16 .99
52 14 17 .56
52 1043 .97
44.06
52 3944 .98
51 38 49 .36
53 13 17 .l7
52 41 54 .57
52 14 16 .95
*V
0.15
0 .20
0 .l9
0 .21
0 .l8
0.11
0 .20
0 .l6
0 .l7
0.11
0 .l3
0 .l8
0 .l5
0 .l6
0 .l9
A
6nco,c
A~P)
-5"48'33".58
33 .20
-5 35 32 .93
-6 06 51 .62
-4 51 39 .35
-4 41 15 .77
-6 3407 .84
-6 32 20 .85
-5 48 33 .28
33 .62
-5 35 33 .24
-4 51 39 .99
-63407.92
-4 41 16 .l4
-6 3221 .31
E:)
-2".25
0
0
0
0
0
0
.l5
.l6
.l3
.08
.l6
.l2
:;)
0 .l0
0 .l4
0.12
0 .l3
0 .l5
-
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
-2 .l9
-
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
.22
.22
.22
.22
.22
Table 7 shows the differences in latitude and longitude between the first and the second
measurements. It is remarkable that the majority of the longitude differences has a positive
sign. No explanation could be found for this systematic error; the observations were generally carried out at different times and in arbritrary sequence.
The accuracy of the mean values of latitude and longitude obtained per station from this
differences, are
which can be considered as a kind of average external accuracy for all the Ni2A measurements from 2 X 32 stars.
Table 7 Differences between the first and second measurements
station
station
Aardenburg
Arnersfoort
Beek
Berkheide
Bosberg
Eierland
Goedereede
Groningen
Harikerberg
Klifsberg
Lemelerberg
Monnickendam
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Kootwijk
Nedemmrt
Oosterhout
Oudgastel
Rozendaal
Schoorl
Ubachsberg
Uithuizermeden
Urk
Venray
Winterswijk
Workum
Zaltbommel
17
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL IN THE NETHERLANDS
6 Final results and deviations of the vertical
The final astronomical latitudes and longitudes are given in table 8. These data were
obtained from tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 by computing the mean value of two measurements (in
case of station Zaltbommel the mean of three), and adding the reductions to the centre
according to appendix I. Then the sign of the longitudes was changed to make it agree with
geodetic notation. The average accuracy of the latitudes and the longitudes is estimated at
0".2 and 0".3 respectively, as discussed in section 5. From the final astronomical latitudes
and longitudes the components of the deviation of the vertical can be computed according to
in which q, and A, denotes geodetical latitude and longitude computed from triangulation
data, in this case referring to the International Ellipsoide in the ED50 reference system.
Table 8 The final astronomical latitudes and longitudes (v, L) and the deviations of the vertical (5, 7) related
to the ED50 reference system
number
station (centre)
NL 1
3
5
8
9
Aardenburg
Amersfoort
Beek
Berkheide
Bosberg
Delft, Geodesy (new)
Eierland
Goedereede
Groningen
Harikerberg
Klifsberg
Kootwijk (Observatory)
Lemelerberg
Monnickendam
Nederweert
Oosterhout
Oudgastel
Rozendaal 3 (-Imbosch)
Schoorl
Steenwijk
Ubachsberg
Uithuizermeden
Urk
Venray
Winterswijk
Workum
Zaltbommel
Ameland
Leeuwarden
Luyksgestel
Oss
Zierikzee
13
18
21
23
32
36
40
44
48
50
(30)
56
59
61
63
65
68
72
73
75
2
35
37
49
76
*
not yet published
'P
L
5
7
remark
Wild T4
Ni2Af 1101
DEVIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL IN THE NETHERLANDS
19
The vectors of the deviations of the vertical are also plotted in Fig. 4, supplemented with a
number of points along the German and Belgian border [l l], [12], [13].
It shows that the stations at which the deviation of the vertical is determined are reasonably well distributed over the territory of The Netherlands. Different approaches of interpolation may be used for determining the geoid from these data. This subject will be
treated in a subsequent publication. In addition it is expected that Doppler satellite observations will give an important support to the so-called geoid-spheroid separation in the near
future [17]. In 1977 a great number of station were measured in Europe by Doppler satellites,
amoung others two stations in The Netherlands (Leeuwarden and Kootwijk). It may be
interesting to combine the two sorts of measurements.
At the same time a special study group of I.A.G. (SSG 5.50) started in 1976 collecting data
of deviations of the vertical in Europe for determining the geoid in relation to the ED50
reference system. It is hoped that this publication will give a small contribution to this work.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank all who contributed to this publication. Especially, Prof. G. J.
BRUINS, president of the Netherlands Geodetic Commission, for supporting the measurements in many ways; Mr. C. OOMENfor writing the computer programme; Mr. G. L.
STRANGVAN HEESand Mr. H . A. VERHOEF
for checking the various computations.
References
[ l ] DBterminations de la latitude et d'un azimut aux stations Oirschot, Utrecht, Sambeek, Wolberg,
Harikerberg, Sleen, Schoorl, Zierikzee, Terschelling, Ameland, Leeuwarden, Urk et Groningen.
Commission Gkodksique Neerlandaise, Delft, 1904.
[2] Dkterminations de la difference de longitude Leyde-Ubagsberg, de l'azimut de la direction UbagsbergSittard et de la latitude d'ubagsberg. Commission Gkodesique Neerlandaise, Delft, 1905.
[3] HK. J. HEUVELINK
- De stereografische kaartprojectie in hare toepassing bij de Rijksdriehoeksmeting.
Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Delft, 1918.
[4] HK. J. HEUVELINK
- Triangulation du Royaume des Pays-Bas, Tome second. Commission Gkodesique
Neerlandaise, Delft, 1921.
[5] F. A. VENINGMEINESZ
- Observations de pendule dans les Pays-Bas 1913-1921. Commission Geodesique Nkerlandaise, Delft, 1923.
[6] Travaux Gtodesique exkut6s aux Pays-Bas 1924, 1925 et 1926. Note present& a la troisieme assemblk
generale de I'UGGI, Prague, 1927.
[7] G. J. BRUINS
- Astronomische lengtebepaling in Leeuwarden en op Ameland. Tijdschrift voor Kadaster
en Landmeetkunde 1951, pp. 204-224.
[S] JORDAN,
EGGERT
and KNEISSL
- Handbuch der Vermessungskunde. Band IIa. Geodatische Astronomie.
J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1970.
[9] R. ROELOFS
- Astronomy Applied to Land Surveying. Ahrend, Amsterdam, 1950.
[l01 G. J. H u s n - Geodetic-astronomical observations in The Netherlands, 1947-1973. Netherlands
Geodetic Commission, Publications on Geodesy, New Series, Vol. 6, No. 1, Delft, 1975.
[l11 S. HEITZ- Eine astronomisch-geodatische Geoidbestimmung fiir Westdeutschland. Deutsche Geodatische Kommission, Reihe B, Heft Nr. 167, Frankfurt, 1969.
[l21 A. RODDE Simultanbestimmung der Lotabweichungskomponenten l und 7 mit dem Prismenastrolabium. Deutsche Geodatische Kommission, Reihe B, Heft Nr. 162, 163, 177, Frankfurt, 1968, 1969,
1971.
[l31 K. W. SCHRICK
- Astronomisch-geodatischeBeobachtungen 1960 auf Borkum, Norderney, Pilsum und
Niederreifenberg. Deutsche Geodatische Kommission, Reihe B, Heft Nr. 102, Frankfurt, 1963.
[l41 G. J. HUSTI- The universal theodolite DKM3A with self-recording motor-micrometer. Nederlands
Geodetisch Tijdschrift, No. 3, 1973.
-
[l51 Fourth Fundamental Catalogue (FK4), Veroffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts
Heidelberg, Nr. 10, Karlsruhe, 1963.
[l61 Preliminary Supplement to the FK4 (FK4 sup), Veroffentlichungen des Astronomischen RechenInstituts Heidelberg, Nr. 11, Karlsruhe, 1963.
[l71 A. R. ROBBINS- Geodetic astronomy in the next decade. Survey Review, XXIV, 185, July, 1977.
Appendix I
Plane rectangular coordinates in the Netherlands Triangulation system (Origin: Amersfoort)
centre
station
Aardenburg
Ameland
Amersfoort
Beek
Berkheide
Bosberg
Delft, Geodesy (new)
Eierland
Goedereede
Groningen
Harikerberg
Klifsberg
Kootwijk (P.E.)
Leeuwarden
Lemelerberg
Luyksgestel
Momickendam
Oosterhout
Nedenveert
Oss
Oudgastel
Schoorl
Steenwijk
Rozendaal (Imbosch)
Ubachsberg
Uithuizermeden
Urk
Venray
Winterswijk
Workum
Zaltbommel
Zierikzee
X
-135315.21
26177.21
0
16686.29
- 68274.51
64126.26
- 68664.83
- 35561.49
- 97314.98
78883.13
78741.77
53331 .08
28930.17
26894.38
69322.69
- 4661.74
- 24131.79
- 36438.38
25173.46
931 1.90
- 64250.03
- 47261.07
49085.17
41 194.05
39845.62
87947.67
13856.84
40812.65
91596.45
3708.86
- 9317.10
- 101897.97
instrument site
Y
X
red. to centre
Y
AP
Al
Appendix I1
COMPUTER OUTPUT OF THE MEASUREMENTS
-------- --- --------- -- ----- ------ --------- -- -----
L A T I T U D E AND L C h G I T L C E 8 1 ECUAL Z E N I T H D I S T b h C E S OF STPRS
STATION....:
DELFT.GEODESY
.............:
TO
UTC-TO.....:
DT
l ..:
UT1-UTC........:
BETAU....:
.....F
...
X....*.........:
:.....Y
..
PPRlL 1111976
1ah
??m
C
0
CO~COCO
-2960
.OC1
.4i7
1:'808
-042
-.075
.3S6
..........:
J.O.*
REF.YEPR....o..:
hUMBEP CF STbRS:
i442L75
1576
1t
Pill...........:
].CS
P121o...oa.....:
1.11
"12 mm
PLFP
17m
It
57
27
40
10
55
1l
15
!C
14
48
II
4
I ?
l 8
F K 4 NO.
425
2563
225
286
2938
233
L A T I T U D c AND LONGITUCE b Y E P U A L Z E N I T H D I S T A N C E S OF STARS
-- ---- --
--
...
.............
........
.......:.:
....S...
.:
..........
.:
..........
.:
...........:
:
TO
UTC-IJ.........:
Dll...
UTl-UTi.
6CTAU.
F..
X...
10
G
65.3330
-29h0
-031
-421
1.808
O"2
--075
396
.
I...
~ 1 Y4d .
22
i 2
'903
1370
5
lb
-
-----
11 & P A I L 1 9 7 6
: DELFT,GEODESV
STATIJN.
TI4E
19.2h0
11.5240
.......:
.......:
...........:
J-a.....
RtF-YEAA.......:
NJMSER OF STAHS:
PIlI....
PI21
'4l1I42,P9T
31.21130.2.753r
33.4.13~.4,753,
7.6
7.6
L A T I T U D E AND L O N G I T C C E BY EQUAL Z E N I T H D I S T A N C E S
---------- --------- -- ----- ------ --------STATION..o.
:KUOTYIJK
.....S...
........:
TO..
15
U T C - T O O . . ~ ~ . ~:
~ ~- 0
DIT..ee..ee....:
UTl-UTC
BETAU......:
F.~...e~eoe.o.~:
X..-...ooooooo.:
:....Y
...
F"E4ST
55
1
A P Q I L 13,
60.0000
02990
.001
04iO
1.808
042
-.075
-430
9
14
2442879
1976
14
1.09
1.I 1
ALFA
58
17
15.7613
1.4479
29
35
DELTA
45
28.4666
36
57.6794
OF STARS
-- -----
1976
J.D..~~o~oo.o..:
REFoYEAR....o..:
NdU8ER OF STARS:
Plllo.o.o.oooo.:
P12I......:
7442881
1576
16
09
1-11
56
55
40
DELTA
l 8
2
43
L443C
50.9645
9.2487
--
-- --- ---
LATITUOE AN0 LCNGITUDE B Y EQUAL ZENITH DISTANCES OF STARS
--
...
.........:
.:
........
...
...............
..............:
STATION.
:IWUTYI J 6 P.EAST
TO:.
UTC-TO
DlT... m.......
UT14JTC.
BETAU.......
X........F
......
X
Y
18
-0
38
G
-- ----
APRIL. i U 1 1 5 7 6
60.0000
.249O
.c01
.396
1.8U8
-042
-.G73
-416
......:
........
.........:
............
J.D...
L442888
REF.YEAR
1976
NUMBia D F S T A ~ S :
10
P ( 11..
1-09
PIZ)
1.11
FK4 NO.
2491
49 7
1191
ALFA
24
23
L2
b
13
7
25.85112
.S236
3L.55Yb
-- - ----
LATITUDE ANu LONGITUDE B Y EJUPL ZENITH DISTANCES LF STARS
--- - -- ---- - - - -- -- ----- --
.........:
.....:
..........:
.......:.:
.............
.:
...........:
...........:
TO..
UTC-TO....
DlT..
UTl-UTC.
BETAU. ..v..
F
X...
V..
2'4
33
43
49
52
50
3
19
-L
5
0
60.002C
-2310
.OUO
.3Y2
1.8~8
C42
-.072
-419
.
TIME
42.9910
43.2830
15.5AO
ALFA
1o.euo
44.2810
23.6'.00
7.6320
16.8250
46.9440
.3460
56.7570
27.6690
5L.9390
43.8210
13.4720
30.4590
Y
13
l 8
23
31
39
47
51
57
--
LATITUDE AN0 LDNiITUUE B V EQUAL
--
....
.......:
.........
.:
........
......-.......:.:
...S....-.
TO....
UTC-TO..
011..
UTl-UTC.
bETAU.....:
F
X .v..
............:
........
...........
J.D
2442~89
KtF.YEA<
1976
NUMBW 3 F STAnS:
lb
Pll)
:
l.C9
PI.?)..
.v...
:
1-11
21
-0
4
C
V.....
TIME
16
47.630
23
2.6240
31
38.5800
29.1680
36
42
18.7170
50
4.4870
Yt.1640
56
3
20.4%30
8
37.9280
5.6930
14
19
4.5710
26
21.4410
23.5480
30
37
24.2790
29.0 100
43
51
26.9050
ZENITH DIST4NCES
---
ffi.OOJO
.23SO
.OCO
.3YL
1.8b6
.042
-.012
-419
-----
CiF STAKS
J.D......:
KEF.VtAR.......:
NUhaER u F STAdS:
P I 1)
PIZI...........:
............
2442889
1975
16
l.F9
1.11
ALFA
37
58
17
19
12
33
58
2
37
5G
16
31
26
51
29
31
DELTA
l a
1.72L3
L
52.8707
4,
9.0b75
50
11.4753
34
32.2273
n
8.5~74
--
-- ----
-
LATITUDE AN0 LONGITUDE B Y E l U L Z F N l l H DISTANCES DF STARS
...
...........
........
..........
.......:
...............
............
............
STATICIN.
:KdOTWIJK
: 21
Td..
UTC-TJ..
DlT...
UTl-UTC.
BETAU. .e..
F
X.
-0
P-EAST
4
C
-----
APRIL
60.00d0
.23J0
.000
.3Y2
2111976
J.O....:
REF.YEAR.......:
N U W E I OF STARS:
P(lI...........:
Y.
ALFA
8
43
33
52
17
29
L5
29
26
29
56
38
32
14
44
21
- ---
DELTA
44.9043
4.9bb0
21.9526
38.72J9
52.1843
6.6d94
47.1791
55.3114
8.0099
16.0642
36.0392
49.1431
30.7160
14.7468
49.9663
29.5573
-
LATITUDE I N S LONGITUOE BY E P U L ZENITk DlSTANCES i F STARS
STATIDN.
...
:KuOTYIJK
--
P.EAST
ALFA
47
L2
44
l6 '
54
33
50
56
40
1
17
15
58
13
7
49
DELTA
1Z.ai4~
44
41
35.2706
STATION....:Kd3TWIJKIDDEAST
MAY 1 7 . 1 9 7 4
TO. fuTC-TO)-
FK4-NR, T ( K )
STATION....:AMERSFUORT
JUNI
14,
1974
,
PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE =
STATION....:BOSBERG
JUNE 1 5 . 1 9 7 4
STATION....:NEDERUEERT
TO, (UTC-TO)=
4
51
11.0000
STATION...D:VE'IRAY
TO, (UTC-TO)=
8
6
10.0000
JUNE 2 2 ? g 7 4
12
44
55.2280
STATION...
JUNE 2 1 . 1 9 7 4
15
.:KOOTYIJK/P.EAST
56
54.1730
AUG.6,1974
AUGUST 15.
STATION....:K30TIIIJK/PPEAST
TO. (UTC-10)-
1
10
5.0000
STATION....:OUDGASTEL
TO. (UTC-TO)=
5
23
14.0000
l e
36
59.5510
1974
STATION....
TO. (uTC-TO)=
2
16
:AARDENBURG
31.0000
AUGUST2211974
STATION..~.XMONNICKENDAM
14
TO, (UTC-TO)=
S
35
50
51.0190
11.0000
AUGlJST21~1974
17
40
33.8210
AUGUST28r1974
11
19
53.7700
STATION....
TO, (UTC-TO)2
48
:YORKUM
60.00.lO
AUGLST30.1974
10
50
4.1710
TO. (UTC-TO)=
0
28
STATI DII....
TO. (UTC-TO)=
9
l 8
41.0000
9
41
24.0150
45.0000
:ROLE:I1)4bL3
TO, (UTC-TO)=
Z
0
59.41 l 0
18
33
20.1200
S c P T s :01!974
16
39
5.5900
ST4TIOW....tKOOTYIJK/PPEAST
OCT.
10,
1974
TO. (uTc-TO)=
7
23
30.0000
10
25
35.2290
STATION....
To,(uTc-Ta)=
8
13
NOV. 1 r 1974
:KOOTYIJKIPpEAST
29.0000
8
36
30.9480
0~-.113rO~.012~-.012~.255t2442352~1975~5~16~
DlT,(UTl-UTC),BETAU,F,X,Y,JO,REF.YEAR,N,S=
STATION~~~.:KOOTYIJK/PpEAST NOV. 1
TO. (UTC-TO)=
10
28
29.0000
8
36
1974
30.9480
STATION...
STATION-...:WORKIN
JULY 2 9 , 1 9 7 5
.:OUO
USTEL
JULY 2 8 . 1 9 7 5
STATION.
..
:KOOTYIJK
P-EAST
AUG.391975
STATION...
TO, IVTC-TO)=
20
0
:KOOTYIJK
P.EAST
5.0000
0
AUG.4.1975
0
.0060
STATION.
..
.:AME&SFOdQT
AUG.6.1975
STATION...
STATION.
.:LEMELER6ERS
.-.:
NEDEQYEERT
AUG.28rl975
SEPT 2 2 . 1 9 7 5
STATION.
..
.:AAROWBURG
SEPT.26.1975
STATION....:Ka)TUIJK~P.EAST
TO* IUTC-TO)=
19
7
60.0000
0
OCT - 1 2 , 1 9 7 5
STATIONm...
0
TOIIUTC-TO)=
18
32
5.6110
:BERKHEIOE
58.0000
OCT.23.1975
0
0
6.7870
STATION....:KOOTYlJK/P.EAST
STATION....:KOOWIJK~PPEAST
MAY 6 , 1 9 7 6
MAY 7 1 1 9 7 6 / 8
STATION....:UITH.MEOEN
MAY 1 4 , 1 9 7 6
STATION....
:FIERL4ND
TO. IUTC-TO)=
20
26
60.0000
STATION.
...
:BEEK
MAY171196,
4
EN OONK
0
STATION..
..:ZALTBONNEL
MAY2Zv 1 9 7 6
.0620
Affi.7~1976
STATION....
:!JBACHSBFPF
TO. lUTC-TOl =
20
42
6O.nOOF
1976
EIIC..B.
-
P
2.6850
STATION.
...
:iOEOEREEOE
TO. IUTC-TO)=
20
15
STATION....
.OOOO
AUG.16~1976
-3
:JITHUIZEr(MiOEN
0
2.4140
4UG.23.1976
TO. IUTC-TO)=
20
3
60.0000
STATION.
-3
...
:LEYELEaSE*S
TO, I U T C - T o ) =
19
43
63.0000
0
2.3850
AUG.24.1976
-0
0
2.1330
STATIUN....:BEEK
STATION..
..
EN CONK
:K00TYI JKIP-EAST
SEPT.19.1976
SEPT.22~1976
STATION.
...
STATION.
...
XKOOTYIJK P.EAST
:K 0 0 T U I J K ~ F . E A S T
TO I UTC-TO l =
20
45
60.0000
SEPT.29~1976
MAY24.1977
STATION.
...
:STEEPIWIJK
MAY26.1977
STATION.
...
STATION.
...
:flflSTERkCUT
FK4-NR.TIK1,
:GPChlhCFN
nAY31~1977
JULY 2 , 1 9 7 7
PRESS. , T E r P . =
3 0 9 4 1 L 1 1 1 1 . 3 7 . 52143.1Li948.52154486b.38.768n
14.7.
6 4 1 ~ L 1 ~ 1 2 ~ 5 9 ~ 0 9 ~ 1 2 ~ 4 8 t ) 2 6 ~ 2 3 ~ 4 07 46 80. 1142- 7~m5 3 ~ 7 8 1
478~Ll~l5~23.08~30.4L137.89.45.17,52.50~ 7 6 8 8 1 4 . 7 #
S T A T I O N . --,:HARl KERBERG
STATION--..:KCO~WYUIP~LAST
JULY 3 . 1 9 7 7
JULY 5 , 1 9 7 7
STATION....:KOOlhlL.P.EAST
STATION....:IIRK
JULY 1 5 ,
JULY 4s 1 9 7 7
1977
STATION....:OOSlERHCUT
STATION...
.:SCHCORL
JULY21
StPT.1,1977
1977
STATION...
STATION.
.:GRCkINCEN
...:
HARIKERBERG
AUG.29.1977
SEPT. 1 3 , 1 9 7 7
Appendix I11
COMPUTER OUTPUT OF THE MEASUREMENTS
---
- -- ----- - - - - --
-- --- - ----
L A T I T U O E A N 0 L O N G I T L C E BY ECUAL Z E N I T H O I S T A h C E S OF S T A R $
L A T I T U M AND L O n G l T U C k B Y E C W L Z E N l T h J I S T A H C E S OF STARS
STATION....:
STATIJN.
---
-- -----
--..------- -----
DELFT,GEODESY
INSTRUMENT. : W I L D 1 4
LATITUOE
CHR0hOMETER:CPRZ
OBSERVER...:OE
VRIE!
OATE.......:APRIL
.............
...
l2:0000
INSTRUMENT.:
23
15.CCCC
CHR0NJMETER:CPR
55
iCaC300
U B S t R 4 W...:
51'
55
LONGITUOE...........:
-4
ZENITHOISTALCE......:
25
V
DATE..
11.1576
---- - --
: DELFT,GEODESY
APPROXIMATE VALUES
hILD 14
LATITUDE
2
WSTI
a....
...........
51
59
12.0000
LWlGITUOE--.........:
-4
23
15.0000
ZENITHDISTANCE......:
29
59
20.0000
-1
:l1 A P R I L 1 9 7 6
O B S E R V A T I O N S A h C AC.LSTPEhT
-------------- ---------STAR
U,T l
MAGN
19 h 29
3.71
425
AZIM2TH
115
54
297973
E S T I M A T E OF V A R l A h C E :
L
-4276
E
-:66
M A T R I X OF b E l G H T C C E F F I C I E L T S
lt
NUMBER OF STARS:
,
UNK~OY~S:
O E L T A PHI.:
OELTA L A M e t b C O S l P h I I :
O E L T:.A............L.
-.a170
-.a17
-.232
-5.632
R E S U L T S R E L A T E D T C T h E C.1.C.:
NUMJER OF STAAS:
-0085
-.C155
E S T I M A T E OF ST.
-4
23
14.8784
-241
--- --------- -- ----- ------
.SEC
.4680
DELTA P H I
:
.l93
D E L T A LAMBOA C ~ 6 l ~ H l l : -.372
D E L T A L..
: -6.328
.C663
[El.:
M A T 2 1X O F U E l G H T C O E F F l C l E N T S
-29
............
...........
UNILYOY NS :
.~cce
R E S U L T S R E L A T E 0 1 3 T H E C.I.O.:
LATITUDE =
LONGITUOE-
14
ESTIMATE 3 F VARIANCE:
-2749
.6C
51
59
-.a132
-0849
-.O155
-0014
t S T I R A T E OF ST.
12.2984
.0120
OEV.1
.%B
PHI
--
-- ----
- --
L A T l T U O E AN0 L O N G I T U D E B Y E O W L Z E N I T H U I S T A K E S OF S T A R S
L A T I T U O E A N 0 L O N G l T U C F BY EQUAL Z E N I T H D I S T A N C E S OF S T A R 5
-- -----
--
STATION....tKJOTYlJK
--
P.EAST
APPROXIHATL
VALUES
---A-
INSTRUMENT. : M I L D
14
LATITUDE.......:
............
C H R O N O M E T E R : T ~ M E R E C O R ~ E R3
LONGITUDE
OBSERVER..o:BELGRAVER
ZENITHDISTANCE......:
.......
DATE
:APRIL
OBSERVATLJNS ANC
-------------STAR
2491
491
1191
511
HAGN
5.60
2.40
5*28
4.11
NUMBER OF S T A R S :
13,
INSTRUMENT.:
~ ~ O o o o o
CtRJN0METER:CPRL
LONGITUDE
29
55
20.0000
OBSERVER...:WSTI
LENLTHOISTANCE......:
--
110 8 3 1 1
905471
44.0272
36.7462
AZ~MUTH
50
298
46
63
3
264
52
43
L
-.55
-45
-1.28
-1.02
-.72
-.72
-.l0
-66
03155
D E L T A PH
:...l
D E L T A LAMBOb C O S I P H I ) :
D E L T A Z....DO.DD....O:
44.1540
-079
-S 565
-.808
44.0000
35.0000
59
ZG.LO00
-.0003
DEV.:
-SEC
19
19
19
19
19
20
PHI
UTl
33
3'9.3458
39.1889
3 1
11.1180
4 1
6.1461
5 3
5 6
W.4362
2
19.1042
AZIMUTH
298
50
63
46
264
3
43
52
255
58
16
23
-0625
L
-1.96
-6.80
-8.45
E
-.70
-1.16
-1.04
.32
-1.07
-.l8
-8.OL
-8.59
4.02
16
.58
-.a041
O E L T A RI1d...
O E L 7 A LAMBDA C O S I P H I I:
D E L T A Z.
.............:
R E S U L T S R E L A T E 0 TG T H E C.I.O.:
LATITUOE =
.308
-153
N W B E R O F STARS:
-
U M Y O Y NS :
.oleo
.Q017
E S T l M A T E OF ST.
MAV1
5.60
2.40
5.28
4.77
5.45
4.bO
E S T I M A T E OF V A R I A N C E :
-00039
10
STAR
2491
497
1191
511
1199
3083
F
M A T R I X OF Y E T G H T C O E F F l C l E N T S
.30
UNKNOYNS :
52
29
10
48
O B S E R V A T I O N S ANO A O J U S T H W T
16
R E S U L T S R E L A T E D T O T H F C.I.0.:
52
: -5
O A T E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : A ? R l L ~ 2 0 ~ 1 9 1 6
UT1
E S T I M A T E OF V A R I A N C E :
LATITUDE =
44.0000
1976
1
5
14
20
LATITUDE.......
:
10
4e
POJUSTMENT
2C
20
20
20
Y I LOT4
.....
...........
52
-5
52
10
45.4104
l.r9b
-.433
%.92n
.0765
-0051
-.0012
E S T I M A T E OF ST.
-
OEv.:
.446
.211
*SEC
PHI
-0626
-
-- -- --- - - -- -- -- --- GlZTANCtS
-- OF
-- -STARS
---
LATITUDE AND LIIYGlTULX BY E r M L ZENITH
- ---
---
--
LATITUDE *H0 LCNGITULJE BY EPUAL ZcNITH D I S T A U L S r F 5TAhS
INSTRUMENT. i Y I L D T 4
.....
:
LATITUGE.......
5~
10
44.C000
OBSERVES...:Uc
DATE..
:APRlL.21~1976
a
..
MAW
5.60
2.40
5-28
4.77
5.45
4.60
5.W
4.66
6-40
5.11
4-60
5-40
5.13
5.44
4.43
5.90
1SL1
3 4
2723
NUMBER OF S T U S I
UTl
29
43.1522
43.4442
33
43
15.7002
49
10.9733
52
44.4423
23.8513
58
3
7.7934
16.9864
9
13
47.1055
l 8
.5075
23
5b.9185
l 9
l 9
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
AZIMUTH
>G
298
03
46
2a4
3
43
52
255
58
23
76
321
39
9b
0
283
53
106
3L
132
52
...........:
-.W39
1&77
-.boo
-9.115
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.I.O.:
--
--- --5
-
.0017
-.Ono,
tST1MATE GF ST.
10
45 A 9 0 6
.386
48
35.4510
.l92
-- --
16
-
- - -- -- --
STATION..-.:WOTYIJI(
~9
2C.GOUG
MAT1lX OF YLIiHTCOEFFIClENTS
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE...........:
-329
-.l71
-7.015
=
52
10
-.D057
.0725
-.G093
.0009
L S T I M A T t dF ST.
44.4434
.C627
DCV.:
.ZYb
r s L c PHI
----
- -- -- -- ---
-- -
LATITUDE AND LJNGITUDE BY E3UAL ZENITH DlSTlNCES OF STARS
--
- --
STATION.
...
:K9OTHIJK
P-EAST
APPRJXlMATC
VALb€S
---A-
............
INSTRUMENT. :U1 LDTs
..............
LATITUDE
-- -
CHION0METER:CPRZ
...
RESULTS RLLATtD TO THE C.1.J.:
DcV.:
APPROX111ATt VALUES
---
-4585
DELTA PHI.........
:
DELTA LAMBDA CDSIPHI l:
DELTA Z
:
.ObZ5
OF STARS
---- ----- -----
P.E&ST
-19
UNKNOYNS :
.078C
LATITUDE AN0 L D l G I T U D t BY EQUAL Z i N l T H JISTANCES
---
: 29
AZIMUTH
06
51
232
13
109
23
ESTIMATE OF VARIAYCF:
...:
LONGITUDE*
.....
--- -- ---
NUMBER OF STARS:
DELTA PHl.....
DELTA LAMBDA CDSIPHI I:
DELTA Z...
52
---
ithllHD1aT~NCL.
-.l6
-a77
-.65
.29
-a99
-.37
-56
-.44
-.45
-.44
.05
.47
UII(II0UIIS I
=
--
dRlES
:A+RIL.21r1976
t
L
-8.82
-7.20
-9.21
+.G0
-9.04
-7.84
-8.99
-8.2L
-a.si
-8.55
-9.67
16
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
LATITUDE
.....
GbSEaVATltiNS AND ADJUhTMWT
-- ----
OBSERVATIONS A K I ADJUSTMWT
STAR
2491
497
1191
511
l199
3083
2523
494
2572
1337
2999
2719
3039
DATE..
:
h 1LdT4
LATlTUbc.......
......
...........:
......
52
10
44.0000
1NSTRUMENT.:
-5
48
35.C030
CHRONUMETER: CPRZ
LbaGlTUDt
OBSCRVEK...:JE
LEHlTHJlSTANCE
VRIES
DATE.......:APRIL
52
10
-5
48
35.0030
29
20.0000
: 29
44.0000
22.1976
ADJUSTMENT
--OBSERVATIONS
-- - AND
- - --- STAR
3497
2594
1521
726
711
502
3102
674
+78
3bO4
3065
724
713
3204
1368
3584
WMbER O F STARS:
16
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
NUMER OF STASS:
.l5
............
..............
U M O Y MS :
DELTA P H I
:
DELTA LAMBDA COSIPHI I:
OELTA Z
:
RESULTS RELATcD Td THE C.I.O.:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
i
2
2
2
-.OOZZ
.l17
-.B20
-5.757
.0773
.0012
-.On05
ESTIMATE UF ST.
52
10
44.2308
.224
LDK.ITUDE=
-5
48
35.8092
-109
OiV.:
PHI
ALI#VTH
77
16
289
5
275
37
67
23
08
14
255
14
247
36
129
38
312
8
44
3
265
5
IC2
4G
111
8
23t
2,
53
271
24
96
....
RESULTS RELATED TO THc C.1.U.:
=
LOffilTUDE=
-.33
-a54
-.l2
-.05
-.4i
-.b9
-.57
-.2O
-14
-.C5
-55
.40
.05
.4b
-02
-53
-6.11
-4.45
-4.16
-5.88
-6.41
-4.56
-.0065
DELTA W
S.......1
.....
DELTA LAMBDA CLDkPHII:
DELTA L...
.0625
t
L
-3.X
-5.OG
-5.47
-4.02
-3.682
-4.86
-4.97
-4.02
-5.51
-4.15
-24
UNKNOWNS :
LATlTUOE
*SEC
IJT 1
12
47.12J2
17
16.3873
21
3.5613
3G
-5533
3s
44.5194
39
15.0094
43
6.7744
47
51.68G5
52
37.9215
58
Xi.3165
6
38.5756
16
2.4237
27
24.4617
33
55.+488
38
29.8068
42
7.5128
16
ESTIMATE DF VARIANCE:
=
LATlTUOE
MAGY
6.05
5.C0
4.60
3.98
4.00
4
5.UJ
3.82
5.92
5.40
5.10
4.46
3.30
5-22
5.44
5.60
.LZb
-.78>
4.EC5
-0751
-.0b01
~STIMTE
52
10
44.i35a
299
-5
48
35.7534
-134
-.U004
OF ST.
*SEC
dEV.:
PHI
-0625
S T A T 1 O N ~ ~ ~ ~ : K D O T ~ l J K / P P E A S T APPRUKlMATE VALUES
INSTRUMENT.:NIZ
ASTROLABE.
LATITU3E..
.........a.
52
10
45.0000
STAT1ON~...:UIOTYIJK/P.EAST
APPROXlMATE
lNSTRUMENT.:N
LATITUDE............:
52
10
LONGlTUOE...........:
-5
48
ZENITHOISTANCE......:
30
I 2 ASTNOLASE
CHR0NOMETES:OMEGA
OBSERVER...:C
DATE
--
STAR
590
390
1432
52 2
3326
1323
355
3218
2852
608
1383
3281
368
372
425
32
MATRIX DF U E I G H T C ~ E F F I C I F N T S :
.98
DELTA P H I
OELTA LAMBOA C O S ( P H I I :
DELTA Z
-.0028
-1.279
1.505
-.621
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.I.O.:
=
52
10
UTI
20
20
NUMBER OF STARS:
47
50
-.OOJb
ESTIMATE OF ST.
421MUTH
16
47
254
2
26.9969
16.4709
-.0028
-1.105
1.348
-2.745
LATITUDE
=
52
10
.0582
-so017
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.I.0.:
OEV.:
-251
E
.l7
1.24
.0679
1.14
DELTA PHI......:
DELTA LAMBDA C G S I P H I I :
OELTA Z..x
.D313
L
4.36
-2.38
MATRIX OF YEIGHTCOEFI
32
UNKHOYNS:
.0582
-.0017
43.7632
-
MAGN
4.34
4.41
ESTIYATE 3 F VARIANCE:
.0679
.............
...............
UNKNOWNS:
LATITUOE
STAR
590
390
AZIMUTH
ESTIMATE OF VASIANCE:
0
17.1974
OBSERVATIONS AN0 AOJUSTYENT
MAGN
4.34
4.41
5.85
4.82
5.00
4.78
3.75
5.90
5.80
3.91
4.93
6.00
3.89
5.96
3.71
NUMSER OF STARS:
:MAY
---- - --
-
OBSERVATIONS AND AOJUSTMENT
---- ---
DE V R l E S
.......
VALUES
-.0006
E S T I M I T E OF ST.
43.9385
OEV.:
-279
-p---------------------
LONGITUDE=
-5
48
STATION...,:
AMERSFUORT
LNSTRUMENT.:NIZ
32.2849
.238
--------
ASTRULABF
OE V R l E S
DATE.......:JUNI
14,
.258
PHI
-----
LATITUDE............:
52
9
24.0000
LONGITWE...........:
-5
23
4.0000
LENITHOISTANCE......:
30
0
35.0000
NUMBER OF STARS:
AZIMUTH
-48
RCSULTS RCLATED TO THE C.I.0.
:
1.40B
,646
2.635
57
-6
20
OBSERVER...lC.
ZENITHDISTINCE......:
30
0
OE VRIES
---
ESTIMATE OF ST.
.l89
-5
23
....................
2.6758
.l61
NUMBER OF STARS:
-.00J3
32
OEV.:
PHI
MATRIX OF YEIGHTCOEFI
-50
DELTA PHI......:
COSIPHII:
DELTA
~ - - LAMBDA
DELTA Z
...
:
.0313
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.I.O.:
LATITUDE
*SEC
MAGN
5.48
5-90
2.90
5.80
4.60
5.20
5.80
5.80
5.00
5.40
5.10
3.98
5.20
4.90
4.96
5.44
5.72
6.00
3.88
4.48
-0722
UNKNOYNS:
.0540
-ad015
25.4501
LINGITWE-
52
52
LONGITUDE...........:
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
-0017
9
i
-
CHRON0METER:IMEGA
STAR
440
2953
485
3172
3547
3535
3375
3096
3463
2986
3536
7 26
1440
3185
502
467
1338
3541
472
1460
E
-0744
DELTA PHl......
OELTA LAMBDA COSIPHI l :
OELTA Z
LATITUDE
L
MATRIX OF YEIGHTCUEFFICIENTS:
32
..
............S.:
WIKNOYNS:
ASTROLABE
VILUES
LATITUDE............:
----
U11
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
INSTRUMENT.lNI2
PHI
OBSERVATIONS AN0 ADJUSTMENT
---
MAGN
--
APPROXIMITE
*SEC
1974
DBSERVAT IONS AN0 AOJUSTMENT
STAR
-
STATlON....:BDS8ERG
APPROXIMATE VALUES
CHR0NOMETER:OMEGA
OBSERVER...:C.
*SEC
=
LONGITUDE=
-.0013
-0552
-.0006
-0004
1.577
-.547
3.002
ESTIMATE OF ST.
52
57
13.6228
.l91
-6
20
25.6287
.l67
*SEC
0EV.I
PHI
STATIOW....:ZALTBOMMEL
APPROXIMATE VALUES
IMSTRUMENT.1NIZ
ASTROLASE
CHRONOMETERIOMEGA
OBSERVER...:C.
DATE...
DE V R I E S
...
.:JIBE
----
LATITUDE............:
51
48
42.0000
LONGITUDE...........:
-5
15
9.0000
ZEMITHOISTANCE......:
30
0
35.0000
APPROXIMATE VALUES
INSTRUMENT. :N I 2 ASTROLABE
LATITUDE....
17
13.0000
CHRON0METER:OMEGA
LONGITUDE...........:
-5
44
54.7000
ZENITHDISTANCE......:
30
0
35.0000
-
---
MATRIX OF YEIGHTCOEFFICIENTS:
32
-31
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
UNUNOYMS:
OELTA PHI....:
DELTA LAM804 C O S I p H I I :
OELTA :
.....Z
-395
-1.208
2.212
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.I.0.:
51
48
42.4333
--
-5
15
10.6840
C~RONOMETER:OMEGA
1
-0002
.0549
-.0003
ESTIMATE OF ST.
*SEC
OBSERVER...:C.DE
VRlES
DATE...-...:JUNE
2 2 1974
WMBER OF STARS:
21
21
PHI
-5
-5
58
-0560
-.0001
-.002l
ESTIMATE OF ST.
13.6653
.0313
DEV-t
.l42
-
52.7464
.l26
*SEC
PHI
APPROXIMATE VALUES
p
IMSTRUMENT.rN12
L~NGITLIDE
-5
51
~:.OOCU
CHRON0METER:OMEGA
U
?5.OOCU
OBSERVER...:C.DE
....S......:
30
ASTROLABE
LATITUDE-..--.......:
LONGITUDE...
52
: -5
S
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ZENITHOISTANCE......:
VRIES
30
10
45.0000
48
35.0000
0
35.0000
-
OBSERVATlONS AND ADJUSTMENT
p
-
AZIMUTH
298
45
87
7
.15
23.1746
44
42.6000
L
1.99
.3R
STAR
795
3427
580
549
3508
3229
82 1
1534
837
1416
3587
3730
1460
569
811
847
IF55
-57
-0019
OF ST.
-.0014
DEV.:
.205
*SEC P H I
MATRIX OF YEIGHTCOEFFlCIENTS:
32
-0688
.38
-0008
-0573
-so003
-0010
UNKNOYNS:
.OS60
-.0002
ESTIMATE
NUMBER OF STARS:
AZIMUTH
16
25
190
24
263
23
305
11
167
25
342
12
I 5
76
125
51
1
29
268
30
148
49
89
59
28
217
330
23
96
57
57
5
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
-0709
1.811
-970
1.824
MAGN
5.90
5.70
5.41
5.67
4.60
5.30
4.26
4.09
4.99
4.61
5.70
5.30
4.48
3.14
5.09
3.70
.0313
OELTA PHI......:
DELTA LAMBDA C D S I P H I I :
DELTA ...2
.........e
..
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.I.0.:
LATITUDE =
LONGITUDE-
-
31
MATRIX OF dEIGHTCOEFF1CIFNIS:
R E S U L T S R E L A T E D T O THE c. 1.a :
LONGITUOE=
17
51
U71
71.6439
25
22
19.6876
D E L T A PHI
DELTA LAHBDA CCS I P H I 1:
DELTA :L
...
51
STATION~...:UOOTYIJ~IPPEAST
ZENITk@lSTANCE......:
.............
VIKNOYNS:
LATITUDE =
LATITUDE............:
32
ESTlMATE OF VARIANCE:
-0009
-625
1.056
2.591
SESULTS RELATED TO THE C.1.0.:
DEV.:
_-- -------_--
MAGN
5.80
4.00
-0710
.28
9ELTA PHl......:
OELTA LAMBDA COS(PH1I:
DELTA Z.:
.0313
OBSERVATIONS AND ADJUSTMENT
STAR
0
0
711
MATRIX OF YE1GHTCOEFFIClENTS:
32
UNKNOYNS:
APPROXIMATE VALUES
---------------ASTROLABE
NUMBER OF STARS:
ESTIMATE Of VARIANCE:
-.0007
.l30
AZIMUTH
210
51
.0726
--
LATITUDE =
STATION....:VENRAI
,
MAGN
5-80
3.98
3.88
4.63
4.45
5.72
3-92
5.00
6.00
4.90
5.10
5.50
5.27
5.70
4.70
5.70
3.40
4.83
5.00
5.40
5.41
5.67
5.44
5.60
5.90
5.70
4.70
5.40
6.00
STAR
3172
726
472
729
1460
1338
674
3102
3541
NUMBER OF STARS:
IYSTRUMENT.:NIZ
VRIES
: 51
OBSERVATIONS AND ADJUSTMENT
MAGN
5.40
2-90
5.80
5.90
3.24
5 .OO
5.20
5.80
5.80
4.00
4.66
3.88
4.48
5.10
3.94
4.90
5.92
3.78
5.27
4.67
LONGITUDE-
OBSERVER...:C.JE
........
20,1974
OBSERVATIONS AND AOJUSTMENT
STAR
2986
U15
3375
3451
723
2994
1-0
3172
3000
711
494
472
1460
3536
733
3185
478
534
486
557
-- --
--- --
STATION....:NEDERWEERT
p
52
10
44.0184
-.P86
1.184
4.409
ESTIMATE OF ST.
OEV.:
.l62
-148
*SEC
PHI
-0313
STATION....
:K04TUIJK/PPEAST
I'NSTRUliENT.:Nl2
ASTROLABE
CH9ONOMETER:OMEGA
OBSERVER...:C.
DE V R l E S
DITE.......:AUGUST
15.
APPROXIMATE VALUES
----------------
...........S:
..........S.
52
10
45.0000
IIISTRUHENT.:NI2
LONGITUDE
-5
48
35.0000
CIIRON0METER:OMEGA
ZFNITHDISTANCE......:
30
0
35.0000
OBSFRVFQ...:C.DE
LATITUDE
STAR
MAGN
5.90
5.70
5.41
5.67
4.60
5.30
4.26
4.09
4.99
4.61
5.70
5.30
4.48
3.14
5.09
3.70
5.20
5.21
5.30
4.26
5.22
5.27
32
M4TRlX DF
-44
D E L T A PHI
OELTA LAMBOA COSIPHI l :
DELTA z
WEIGHTCOEFFIC~ENTS:
00008
-1.145
-843
1.313
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.l.0.:
-
.Q010
ASTROLABE
CHR0NDMETER:OMEGA
O8SERVER...:C.DE
VRIES
53.2000
ZrHITHPIST4NCE......:
30
0
75.0000
11~1
INIIMBER OF STARS:
AZIMUTH
DEV.:
F
-16
-3.621
7.317
3.778
RCSULTS RELATED TO THE C.7.U.:
-
L
32
DELTA PH
..1..
S:
DEL14 L4MBDA C O < l P H l l :
DELTA I....
...m-:.
.
.Q313
APPROXIMATE VALUES
lNSTRUMENT.:NI2
Zt.3000
76
UY KNdYNS:
-0513
-.0003
ESTlMATE OF ST.
MAGN
t S T I M A T E OF VAR14NCE:
.U688
............:
..............:
UNKNOWNS:
10
-3
...........:
AN0 ADJUSTPENT
-OHSERVATIOt4S
- -------- .
- - - - - ------- .-
------------ ---
ESTIMATE OF VARlANCE:
LATlTUPF........o...:
VRlES
51
LllNGITIJ@F
04TE.......:AUGUST21~197L
1574
O3SERVATlONS AN0 ADJUSTMENT
NUMBER OF STARS:
ASTROLAPF
.U006
.0555
.0008
.Q000
FSTlMATE OF ST.
LITlTU@E=
51
16
22.6774
.233
LONGITUDE.
-3
26
45.1777
-205
*SEC
0FV.:
PHI
--
-
STATION....:MOllNlCKENDAM
APPROXIMATE VALUES
LATITUDE.......:
52
ASTROLABE
.0?13
LATITUDE............:
51
35
16.8000
INSTRUMENT.:NlZ
LONGITUDE...........:
-4
27
37.5000
CHRONOMETERZOMEGA
LWGITWE...........:
-5
1
57.2000
ZENITHDISTANCE......:
30
0
35.0000
OBSERVER...:C.DE
ZENITHDISTANCE......:
30
0
35.0000
VRIES
27
27.9000
DATE.......:AUGUSTZZI~~~~
- ---
OBSERVATIONS AND AOJUSTMENT
OBSERVATIONS AN0 AOJUSTMENT
-- -- ----STAR
844
601
3585
606
587
3778
621
2.57
1594
3508
3276
643
3862
1434
3715
3776
858
852
1593
869
3448
1488
3326
1462
3377
899
3585
2005
1565
1508
675
891
ALIMU
69
275
161
339
312
89
269
144
19
199
322
255
31
284
134
MAGN
4.58
4.26
4.90
5.51
5.13
5.70
4.25
5-10
5.74
4.60
5.40
3.36
5.60
5.14
5.40
5.40
5.24
4.91
5.50
3.63
5.00
4.92
5.00
5.82
5.80
4.40
4.90
5.50
4.76
4.63
5 -04
4.28
NUMBER OF STARS:
111
92
99
13
91
239
222
316
266
278
58
198
44
153
212
342
89
32
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
MATRIX OF WEIGHTCOEFFlCIENTS:
-71
.0750
UNKNOWNS:
DELTA PHI......:
DELTA LAMBDA C O S I P H I ) :
DELTA :...L..
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C.1-D.:
.344
-1.488
6.228
NUMBER OF STARS:
.0536
-.0016
-0004
DEV.:
MATRIX OF YEIGHTCDEFFICIENTS:
32
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
-.0008
ESTIMATE OF ST.
AZIMUTH
330
3
213
36
267
48
26
42
273
53
345
31
10
200
142
37
259
7
80
14
91
15
160
19
M
27
303
18
148
53
15
17
348
32
296
21
MAGN
3.14
5-30
6.00
5.22
4.26
5.50
6.00
5.50
3.61
4.60
5.70
5.10
5.50
4.11
5.10
5.50
5.90
5.66
STAR
569
3415
328 1
85 1
601
3305
3472
3649
626
3799
3778
3611
3839
598
3657
1593
3384
614
-0732
-63
UNKNOWS:
DELTA PHI.:
DELTA LAMBDA C O S I P H I I :
DELTA :.....Z
..
-0313
-
RESULTS RELATED TO THE C-1.0.;
LATITUDE
52
27
26.8158
-1.083
-3.455
4.942
.0003
.OS45
-m0003
.Q006
ESTIMATE OF ST.
OEV-l
-214
p
-
LONGITUDE=
--4
27
39.6184
.l95
*SEC P H I
LONGITUDE-
-5
2
2.5856
-185
*SEC
PHI
-0313
STATION....:KOOTUfJK
UISTWMENT.IN12
o.EAST
LSTROLABE
---- -
APPROXIMATE VALUES
LATITUDE
............
........:
: 52
CHROWOMETERSOMEGU
LONGITUDE..-
OBSERVER...:C.DE
ZENITHDISTANCE
VRlES
MTE.......tMAY
SIATlON....:JUD
......
:
-5
30
10
45.0000
lNSTRUMkNT.:N12A5TROLPBe
48
35.0000
CHR0WMiTtR:TIMERECORJER
0
35.0000
OBSERVER...:C.Dc
28.1975
-
--
OBSERVATIONS
DATE
AND AOJUSTMENT
M-------
MAGN
VRlES
.......
:JULY
.....
....
L
=
52
10
-.E06
.577
1.385
-a0033
*SEC
PHI
LENIIHDISTANCE
51
35
17.3462
LONGITUDE=
---------4
27
--------
STATION...
: -5
OBSERVER...:C.OE
......
30
3
.0790
-.0009
.666
-2.071
2.424
a
.0313
OEV.:
184
-149
*SEC
PHI
---
APPROXIMATE VALUES
LATITUDE.......
.....
...........
: 52
0
35.0000
OBSERVER...:C.OE
VRIES
ZENITHDISTANCE......
DATE
30,1975
IJULY
-.OC04
CSTIMATE OF ST.
40.5649
.:BOSSERG
.......
.0517
.0000
LONGITUDE
57
12.0000
l
-6
20
25.0000
l
30
0
35.0000
-
DBSERVATIONS AND AOJUSTMENT
MAGN
5.90
5.40
5.20
5.50
4.88
4-31
5.40
5.90
5.20
5.97
NUMBER OF STARS:
32
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
.29
VIKNOYNS:
-.CPlC,
------------- ----
35.0000
CHROMMETER:TlMERECOROE(13
32
RESULTS RELATED Tn THE C.T.O.:
0
INSTRUMEHT.:NIZASTROLABE
STAR
3 2 18
3 7 18
1440
3518
1551
1379
3128
7%
3627
8 13
OELTA PHI............:
DELTA LAMBOA C O S I P H I I :
OELTA L.:
: 30
34.3000
MAGN
5.90
4.90
5.40
5.20
5.50
4.88
4.37
5.40
5.90
5.20
5.97
5.90
3.92
5.70
6.00
5.59
ESTIMATE OF V A R I W C E :
LENIT4DlSlANCt
26
AND AOJUSTMENT
----
NUMBER OF STARS:
37.5000
RESULTS R i L A T t D TO THE C.i.0.:
LATITUDE =
........
LONGITUDE...
----- ---
DEV.:
4PPROXIMATE
VRIES
16.a000
27
MATNIX OF YElGHTCOEFFIClENTS
DELTA PHI......
:
DELTA L U 8 D A C O S I P H I I :
DELTA Z...
:
-3313
.239
WROMMETER~TIMERECCIRUER 3
OBSERVATIONS
-0014
-- -- VALUES
---- -
.:UORKLH
35
-4
.43
......
...........
WKNOYNS:
.0495
ESTIMATE OF ST.
44.0663
..
51
r
32
ESTIMATE 3 F VARIANCE:
.O017
.L83
STATION.
:
LONGlTU3E
E
.0848
RESULTS RELATE0 TO THE C.I.0.:
LATITUDE
............
...........
......
LATLT'JOE
za, 1975
NUMBER OF STAXS:
DELTA PHI.....
.S:
DELTA LAMBDA C O S I P H l l :
DELTA Z..
:
3
VALUES
--
AZIMUTH
.67
INKNWSl
APPX?XlXATE
08SERVATlOYS AN0 A O J U S T M i N l
U11
ESTIMATE OF VARIANCE:
---
G4STEL
-2.263
-3.239
2.619
-.GoCB
ESTIMATE OF ST.
LATINDE =
52
58
46.1205
.15+
LONGITUDE=
-5
26
39.3979
.l22
JEv.:
.0313
-.001b
DELTA.PHI......m.....I
D E L T A L A ~ D ACOSIP~II:
DELTA L.
..l
.........
RESULTS RELATEO TO THE C.I.0.:
LATINDE =
*SEC
PHI
-0813
WKNOYNS:
.a510
--0037
MATRIX DF WEIGHTCOEFFICIENTS
.55
52
57
14.0152
2.128
-1.707
4.956
.G509
-.0012
-.0008
ESTIMATE OF ST.
DEV.:
.?l2
.l68
*SEC
PHI
-0313