Public Health Service - Bedbugs-Cockroaches-Mice

Transcription

Bed Bugs
Every thing you wanted to know but
were afraid to ask?
Amin Poonja
Ecopest Inc. 6792 – 99 Street Edmonton
www.ecopest.ca
Winners of the Consumer’s choice Award for
past 8 years 2002-2007
www.ecopest.ca 1-866-ANY-BUGS
1
Who’s Sleeping With You Tonight?
Bedbugs
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1
Excellent Reference
Handbook of Pest Control
Arnold Mallis
9th Edition
Chapter 8 Ectoparasites, Part Three: Bed Bugs &
Kissing Bugs
Revised by Rick Cooper and Harlan Harold
3
Media Coverage : Canada
Ugnet: Canada under attack by bed bugs
From: Mulindwa Edward
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2003 20:02:55 -0800 (The
Mail Archive)
Bed bugs in Toronto: A 19th century pest reemerges in the 21st century
Resurgence may be due to greater resistance to
pesticides, socio-economic conditions
(News@University of Toronto)
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Dr. Mike Potter
Univ. of Kentucky
Bed Bug problem will be bigger than the
West Nile virus
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Hotel being sued for Bedbugs
NEW YORK - A couple who claim they were bitten by bedbugs while
staying at a Catskills resort in July returned for another stay later that
month, according to the hotel's lawyer.
ADVERTISEMENT
But Leslie Fox says she went back to the Nevele Hotel because her
husband, Stephen Cohen, was under contract to give a lecture and she
wanted to go with him.
"I was absolutely loath to have to go back there, and I went back with
great apprehension," Fox said Wednesday.
Joseph O'Connor, a lawyer for the resort, didn't buy the explanation.
"I think he probably could have done it without her," he told the Daily
News.
Fox and Cohen sued the resort for $20 million on Tuesday, saying her
body and mind were scarred after she suffered some 500 bedbug bites
at the 700-room hotel.
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Worst nightmare comes true!
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Know The Facts
BED BUG FACTS
Bed bugs are annoying and persistent. Getting rid of them requires
persistence.
Bed bugs hide in extremely small cracks, crevices and corners, making
it difficult to locate breeding sites.
These vampires of the insect world venture from their hiding spots at
night.
Life Span! Bed bugs can live a year or longer without food (blood)
and thus stay in their hiding places.
Bed bugs can travel long distances and survive in suitcases,
clothing, vehicles, aircraft, cruise ships and other modes of
transportation.
Bed bug females lay about 200 to 600 eggs in their lifetime.
Bed bugs hatch from eggs in 10 days.
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Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
•Piercing sucking mouthparts
( = Hexapoda ) •Leathery wings
•Memberanous at base
•And leathery at tip
•Bed Bugs no functional wings
Order: Hemiptera
Family: Cimicidae
Genus: Cimex
(…bug)
Species: lectularius (…bed)
Scientific Name: Cimex lectularius L.
Common Name: the Common Bed Bug
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Where did they come form?
Many names: Red Coats, Wall Louse, Wallpaper
Flounders, Mahogany Flats, 50 common names
No one is really sure
Cave dwelling ectoparasites found in Egyptian
tombs
Caves >> Tents >>Houses >> Bedrooms
Introduced with the early colonists and is now
found throughout Canada and the world
Virtually disappeared by the end of the 1960’s,
thanks to DDT & Lindane…
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5
The Enemy
The adults are about 5 mm (1/5”) long
Broadly flat and oval
Mahogany brown to rusty brown, turning reddish
brown after feeding
Rostrum: Bundle of Mouthparts in ventral groove
Three segmented beak, 4 segmented antennae
Consumes about 3 times its body weight when
feeding
Can produce 1 – 5 eggs per day for an average of
about 200 over its life span
Maximum potential 12 eggs a day, with a total of
over 500 in its life span
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The Enemy
5 instars in the nymphal stage, gradual
metamorphosis takes 38 to 45 days
Must have blood meal to molt from each
instar
Can survive extended periods without blood
meal in between each molt
Average life span is about 6 – 9 months
Known to survive without blood meal
Nymphs 3 months
Adults up to a year
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The Enemy
92 described species in the world
16 reported from US and Canada
Four related species.
Bed Bug
Bat Bug
Swallow Bug
Poultry Bug
Two most common:
Bed Bug
Eastern Bat Bug
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From: Truman's Scientific Guide
To Pest Control Operations
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Female & Male Adults
Males: Pointed abdomen
Females: Broadly rounded
abdomen tips
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Various Instars
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8
Eggs and Droppings
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Current Pest Status
Bed Bugs have comeback in Canada
Region technical experts: 10 years ago never
reported , now reporting bed bugs in:
Homes
Hotels
Hostels
Long term healthcare facilities
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9
Why Are They a Problem?
Bed bugs feed on blood
Bite is normally painless
Bite location does not have any characteristic
red spot
About 80% of bite victims develop an allergic
reaction to the saliva from the insect
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Bites and Reaction
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10
Bites and Reaction
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Bites and Reaction
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Bites and Reaction
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Are They Dangerous?
They have been found to carry 27 different
disease organisms
Plague
Relapsing fever
Tularemia
Q Fever
Never proven conclusively of human
biological transmission
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12
Why Are They “Back”?
Several theories
Never went away
Increase in international travel schedules
Change in pest control procedures & training
Luggage, clothing, airplanes
Decreased use of residual pesticides
Furniture rental and used furniture
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Public Misconception
National Pest Management
Association Inc.,
8100 Oak Street, Dunn Loring, VA
22027
(703) 573-8330, (703) 573-4116 Fax
©2002 - NPMA All rights reserved.
An infestation of bed bugs is
NOT evidence of unclean or
unsanitary living areas. World
class hotels have reported bed
bug infestation in recent years
perhaps due to the increased
domestic and international
mobility of society in the past
few decades
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13
Signs of an Infestation
Smell
Spots
Emits a sweet odor described as obnoxiously
sweet
Blood spots on bedding
Welts on occupants
Live insects
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Signs of an infestation
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Signs of an infestation
Live bedbugs, eggs, and castings
Egg shells
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Where Are They?
Bedbugs hide in cracks and crevices close to food
sources
Cryptic
Nocturnal
Great hitchhikers
Can survive most any transportation mode
Have been found and treated on aircraft and cruise ships
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Where to find them?
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Where to find them?
And of course ..
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Control Strategies
Practice IPM
Inspect
Monitor
Apply Control Strategies
Non-Chemical
Chemical
Documentation
Education/Communication
Review/Follow Up
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Control Strategies
Greater Challenge today
Virtually every material used in the 50’s 60’s
and 70’s are no longer available
Today’s material have label restrictions
Public’s negative perception of pesticides
International travel facilitates the spread
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17
Control Strategies
Before even starting any control program we
must learn:
Where to encounter the bed bugs
Distribution of bed bugs
Age and severity of infestation
Available of alternate hosts
Physical conditions of the structure
Chemical treatment history
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Control Strategies
Common hiding places
Bed frames
Mattresses
Box springs
Behind head boards
Within cracks & crevices of
Dressers
Night Stands
Other furniture
Wall mounted pictures
Mirrors
Switch plates
Outlet covers
Under wall mounted hardware for draperies
Under peeling paint/wall paper
Etc. Etc.
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Inspection
Check bed and bed frame
Check items on wall
Location, location, location
Head board
Pictures
Lights
Check other pieces of furniture
Check other areas of room
Check clothing in the closet
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Thorough Inspections
"One worrying aspect is
an increase in the
number of people's
homes (infested). It's
now spreading right
through the
community," Mr
Doggett, who says he
recently found 5000
bed bugs in one
woman's bed.
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Inspection
Must be thorough
Start from the bed and
work outward
No place is too small
Think like Bed Bugs
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Inspect these places …
Picture frames
Furniture
Headboards
Mattresses &
Box springs
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Furniture
Bed frames
Mattress
Cracks & crevices
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Prevention
Prevention is easy in single detached
structure vs multiple resident dwellings
In hotels etc. establish inspection schedules
for:
Mattresses
Box Springs
Bed Frames Etc. Etc.
More the inspections, the better it is
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What to do with Active Infestation
“DDT an almost perfect product for this pest”
Matheson (1950)
Various historical treatments
Thorough Inspection, extent of infestation
ID is important
Education/Cooperation of client
Most critical factor
Education/Communication material
Un-occupied room does not help
female lived 560 days, 7.20C, 90%RH
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Monitoring Devices
None commercially available
Card board traps were used in a research
study
Sticky traps are not useful
Flea Trap ???? Whitmire-MicroGen
Visual Inspection the best
Smell.. Obnoxious.. Sweet… Buggy
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Non-Chemical Measures
First control strategy
Use of vacuum, thorough, HEPA filter
Temperature modification
Physical barriers –
Very few pesticides are labeled for use on mattresses
pulling bed away from wall
Double edge tape on legs of bed, etc.
Laundering of clothes & bedding
Discarding infested items
Elimination of harborages, sealing Cracks &
Crevices
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Non-Chemical Measures
Temperate modification/use of Heat
Thermal death point
0
Nymphs/Adults is 40 C for 15 minutes
0
Eggs is 40 C for 60 minutes
In practical much higher ambient temperature is
0
required (62 C +)
Heat Treatment for drywood termites and recently
for as an alternative for methyl bromide
0
Use of Steam, at 100 C, not suitable for all surfaces,
dry heat
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Chemical Control
Non-chemical alone will not work
Since the treated areas are used for sleeping (8
hours), use of pesticides are under serious scrutiny
Idiopathatic Environmental Syndrome (MCS)
Check the product label before use
Formulation of choice are:
Dusts
Micro-encapsualted
Wettable Powders
Aerosol (non residuals)
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Chemical Control
Preparation is critical
Mattresses should not be treated with
residual formulations just non-residuals
Use of flushing agents and Vacuum
Residual liquids in crack and crevices
Repellent and Non-repellent
Insecticide resistance
Fumigation ?
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Treatment Pattern
Treat all adjoining rooms
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Follow Up Services
Elimination?
After treatment:
Inspection must be done, scheduled
If re-infestation
May be re-introduced
Did not get all
Spot treatment, continue
Inspection, re-treatment till no infestation
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Products Registered
PMRA (ELSE Search) 4/1/04
Liquid Residuals
Tempo 20 WP
Ficam W 80%
Dragnet FT
Prelude & Prelude 240
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Products
Dusts
Ficam D 1%
Drione insecticide powder
Insect Stop
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Treatment Strategies
Residual pesticides applied to cracks and
crevices in and around harborage areas.
Residual pesticides applied to the mattress
and box springs including headboards.
Residual pesticides applied to other
furnishings.
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Treatment Strategies
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Chemical Treatments
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Use of Steam
Dry Steam
Low pressure water vapor
Temp 220ºF (100ºC)
Applied to mattress and box springs
instead of chemicals
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www.amerivap.com
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Use of Steam
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Implications of Bed Bug Infestation
Public opinion
Lost business
Lawsuits
Unemployment
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What should be done if Bed Bugs are
found?
Staff should notify Management immediately
Do NOT disturb the infested areas, to prevent the bedbugs from
spreading around
Isolate/quarantine all linens from infested room
Suspected linens should be isolated and laundered separately
Examine laundry carts and room for signs of infestation.
Thoroughly empty and clean vacuum before reusing in another
room
Rooms adjacent to the infested room should also be inspected
Management should contact ECOPEST immediately
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Customer Responsibilities and
Recommendations
Prep for service
Do not break down furniture
Loosen items on walls
Loosen carpet around perimeter of room
Etc.
Remove tags from mattresses and box
springs
Use mattress covers to reduce harborage
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Customer Responsibilities and
Recommendations
Place mattress and or springs in bags when
disposing them
Make all areas of facility available for service
Keep room out of service for appropriate time
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Disposal??
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Mattress Covers
The Major Features
Of BugLock® Encasements
Escape Proof
Bed bugs cannot escape from inside a mattress
or box spring
Bite Proof Bed bugs cannot bite through the encasement
Miracle Membrane Prevents moisture from getting in and allows
moisture out of the mattress
BugLock® The unique zipper and end stop design which make the
encasement bite poof and escape proof
Durable Zipper
extra duty zipper reduces likelihood of zipper
bursting
No Seams, No Folds No place for bed bugs to hide
Smooth Fabric
for easy inspection
Middle Zipper
Easy installation, no edges for bed bugs to crawl
on
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Key Learnings
Customers are unwilling to discard items
Proper preparation is Key
Combo (chemical & non-chemical) approach
seems best fit
Service pattern is critical
No silver bullet
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Take Home Message
Practice IPM
Learn about Bed Bugs
Include in your training programs
Educate your customers what to expect
Seek their cooperation
Be thorough
Inspection
Treatment
Follow Up
There is no silver bullet
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Cockroaches and Their Management
Cockroaches are pests throughout Canada.
They are annoying and, when abundant, they are also
destructive.
Cockroaches, destroy food and damage fabrics, book bindings,
and other materials.
When cockroaches run over food they leave filth and may spread
disease. They secrete an oily liquid that has an offensive and
sickening odor that may ruin food. This odor may also be
imparted to dishes that are apparently clean.
Excrement in the form of pellets or an ink-like liquid also
contributes to this nauseating odor.
Some people are allergic to cockroaches and become ill.
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Kinds of Cockroaches
German Cockroach (actual size 5/8").
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Brown banded (actual size, 3/4").
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Asian (actual size 5/8").
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Australian(actual size 1 1/2").
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Development of the Cockroach
The cockroach has three life stages: the egg, nymph, and adult.
Cockroach eggs are deposited in groups in a leathery case or
capsule called an ootheca. This capsule is usually dropped or
glued to some surface by the female as soon as it is formed;
however, the female German cockroach carries the capsule
protruding from her body until the eggs are ready to hatch.
There may be from 30 to 48 eggs in the capsule of the German
cockroach, but capsules of other cockroaches may have only 1028 eggs.
The newly hatched nymphs have no wings and shed their skins
(moult) several times before becoming winged adults.
German and brownbanded cockroaches may have several
generations per year.
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Where to Look for Cockroaches
Cockroaches hide in dark, sheltered places during the day and
come out to feed at night.
They may be found around the kitchen sink or drain board, in
cracks around or underneath cupboards and cabinets or inside
them (especially in the upper corners), behind drawers, around
pipes or conduits (where they pass along the wall or go through
it), behind windows or door frames, behind loose baseboards or
molding strips, on the underside of tables and chairs, in the
bathroom, and in radio and TV cabinets.
The German cockroach is usually found in the kitchen and
bathroom, although it may be found all over the house.
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Methods of Cockroach Control
An IPM approach is the most effective
method of cockroach control.
Spraying
Baiting
Prevention and Sanitation
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Prevention and Sanitation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prevention and sanitation can be divided
into four categories:
exclusion
elimination of food
Water
harbourage.
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Exclusion
German ockroaches can initially infest a structure when infested
grocery bags are brought inside. Inspect groceries for
cockroaches before storing. Keep grocery bags in outside
storage areas.
Cockroaches breed prolifically in corrugated cardboard boxes.
Discard unnecessary boxes immediately.
Dwellings, such as apartments that are separated by a common
wall are particularly difficult situations. An infestation can migrate
between apartments via the plumbing encased in a common
wall. Therefore, cockroaches from one apartment can easily
migrate to another apartment, infesting a "clean" dwelling. To
help prevent this, caulk holes in common walls and around
plumbing.
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Elimination of Water Sources
Water is the most important factor in cockroach survival. German
cockroaches can survive only 12 days with food but no water.
However, if only water is present with no food, cockroaches can
survive for about 42 days. Eliminate water sources by doing the
following:
Tighten or patch leaky pipes in kitchen and bathroom areas.
Do not let water stand in sinks for long periods of time.
Do not over water indoor plants because accumulated water will
be available to cockroaches.
Empty pans under refrigerators used to catch water from
condensation.
Be aware that pet drinking dishes, aquaria, and pipe
condensation (under sinks, in wall voids) can also be sources of
moisture.
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Elimination of Food Sources
Cockroaches do not need large amounts of food to survive,
especially in the presence of water. Furthermore, food sources
can compete with cockroach baits, decreasing their
effectiveness. Elimination of food sources includes:
Store and dispose of garbage properly. The highest
concentration of cockroaches in a home is usually around the
garbage can and around the refrigerator.
Seal garbage can lids to prevent cockroaches from accessing
food sources. Also, keep garbage areas clean by wiping
frequently.
Dump sink strainers frequently to prevent food build up.
Wash dishes immediately after use. Dishes left unwashed are a
major source of food for a kitchen infestation.
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Elimination of Food Sources cont…
Keep kitchen appliances such as toasters, toaster ovens,
microwaves, stoves, ovens, and refrigerators free of crumbs and
other food debris. In addition, clean the areas around these
appliances.
Reseal all food after opening or store in the refrigerator.
Seal pet food tightly. Do not leave food and water out all the time.
Regularly vacuum or sweep under and around furniture where
people eat, such as the dining room table. Vacuuming can also
remove cockroach egg cases that will not be killed by
insecticides. Remember to promptly dispose of the vacuum
cleaner bag in an outdoor container.
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Elimination of Harbourages
In addition to food and moisture, cockroaches
require a place to live. The cockroach harbourage is
critical to its survival. Cockroaches prefer dark
places that are warm and moist. Places that provide
tight spaces such as stacks of newspaper or
cardboard, piles of clothing, or cracks and crevices
in structures are ideal.
Eliminate harbourages by doing the following:
Seal cracks and crevices. Adult cockroaches can fit
into cracks only about 1/16 inch and prefer spaces
of about 3/8 inch.
Keep clutter such as newspapers, bags, and
clothing from accumulating.
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Deer Mouse
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MICE
Mice are a large group of mammals, with more than
130 species found worldwide.
In Alberta, there are seven species of mice and 12
species of voles.
The most troublesome and economically important
of the species found in Alberta are the house
mouse, the white-footed mouse and the meadow
vole (commonly called field mouse).
89
Economic Losses to Mice
There is no way of placing a monetary value on human suffering
and damage caused by mice. The greatest loss is probably not
what mice eat, but what is wasted and contaminated.
In six months, one pair of mice can eat more than two kilograms
(4 lbs.) of food and deposit about 18,000 droppings.
Food contaminated by mice is about ten times greater than what
is eaten. Also, food wasted by mouse nibbling is much more than
what is eaten. So common are mice, that it is no wonder their
hairs and sometimes droppings, end up in all types of food
commodities, from canned beans to loaves of bread.
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Economic Losses to Mice….
Structural damage caused by rodents can be expensive. In
recent years the trend toward use of insulated confinement
facilities to raise swine and poultry, for instance, has led to
increased rodent damage.
Mice are very destructive to rigid foam, fibreglass batt and other
types of insulation in walls and attics of such structures.
Mice also gnaw wooden structures causing grain and feed to be
wasted. They also undermine buildings by burrowing, which
eventually causes structural failure and collapse.
Electrical wiring gnawed by mice causes many fires each year,
listed as "cause unknown".
91
Public Health Impact
Mice and their parasites are implicated in the
transmission of a number of diseases including
salmonellosis, rickettsialpox and most recently
hantavirus.
Bacterial food poisoning occurs when foods are
contaminated with infected rodent droppings.
Mice also carry many types of tapeworms and
roundworms, infectious to pets and humans.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), which
causes severe illness and even death in humans, is
transmitted by several mouse species including the
white-footed mouse (Deer Mouse).
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Life History
Mice are mainly nocturnal; however, house mice and meadow
voles may be active during the day at some locations.
Mice usually bear a litter of five to six young, following a 21 to 23day gestation period.
House mice living indoors can have up to 10 litters per year.
Young mice are weaned at about 21days, and females can mate
at about 35 to 49 days. Lifespan is usually short, ranging from
four to 20 months.
The nest of a mouse is usually ball-shaped and consists of
shredded fibrous material such as paper, burlap, and stems,
leaves, twigs, etc. It may be lined with hairs, feathers and
shredded cloth.
93
Damage Prevention and Control
Methods
1.
2.
3.
Effective prevention and control of mouse
damage involves three aspects:
rodent-proofing construction
sanitation
population reduction – rodenticide
treatments.
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Last but not the last
“If any living species has to inherit the earth it
will not be mankind”
Chronicle Hell Storm, the movie 1971
Questions??
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48

Public Health Service - Bedbugs-Cockroaches-Mice

Transcription

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