elements in the

SSndor CSOKE
The Sumerian and Unal-Altaic
elements in the
Old $lavic languaEe
1979
9py:t
g!J_!v
:
<ONOSI CSCIMA SANtfOtrt
tor'benelrni tArsasag * histoniscl-re gesellscl-raft e.v. * histonical 60crety
nubinstn
rz
aoo(] munchen so (genrnany) I telefon: rosgt r50 45 84
TABI,E OF CONTENTS
Prcfacc
ttord Stmcturc
t
Word Formatlon
5
Thc feasstlon
Thc Formatlon
The Formatlon
Thc Vcrb
I
of Nouns
of AdJectlves and AdJectlve Sufflxes
of Advcrbs rtth $ufftxea
Sufftx
The Verbel Noun end
lts Sufflx
Feileral" Republlc of
G E R M A lI Y
19a1ter R O T II
Arcisgtraase 66.- BOOO Milncher-40
FebruaryL9T9
by
COPY DRUCK
25
3h
36
hI+
of the Noun Sufflx
thc Ptrsonel Pronoun Suffix
Printed in the
18
27
Pronouns
Thc Nunorals
The Fonnatlon
5
48
59
Denonstratlve Pronoun Sufflxes
6L
Thc AdJeetlve $ufflx end the Cornparlson of AdJeetives 6z
thc Verb Suffk and lts 0omponcnts
66
The Verbal Nouns
7B
Thc Preflxcs
84
Phonetlc Hlstory
86
The Vowclc
120
Epllogue
Blbllography
r32
L35
Ca6ka- Botoa
IIILiFACU
ItDerorlaLorlr' frol).rqrnda aqailsL Lhe !h:nrlri.ans has heen
clrculating on e 1,rr-1e scale ln
a
hrrntlred years. The oriql.nators
Lhe ltleslern i^Jorld
ol
for approxlnately
t,hese attacks vrere
the
French
and t,hc Csrchs, followed by bhe Rumanians, iigllr5 and also the iingllslr.
fl.v
thrir
accrrs,itione
, ttrey lnt,end Lo convince thc
l,IesLern World that
l,tt.- fiunqarl;rn n.lLion i.n Lhe Carpat,hian lJasin and t,he lanube Valle,y is
a.
laLer irrLluder, a rrforej,'n body"
anon6
rrations, who fot, a ririllennluni has only
the faml1y of
cg.used
llurotr)ean
troubl,e. Therefore,
thcy l,ropose to arrnihil-at.e fhese people or, if this ls not posslble,
to reduce their prwer
bo a rnirlinuni
...
Lhen lhere nould be peace
ln
thaL part of Llre continr:nt.rr
Tibor l3arath, A Kulfoldi l,iagyarsag Ideofoqia
I,iontreal, 1975 (p.
Remarks
f95 )
bv Sindor Cscjke on bhls quotatlon
The Flnno-Ugric historians and
linguicls ' In mui;llaLed
Hungary
(ihe annj-hilation
and in the West ale dedi;;teal supporters oi thls Lrendl-n Hungary can be
and-historlans
ffngiists
tnu
of Hungary). The acts oi
uho support the
overlooked for understandable reisons, (OnI1r those
Translator)
Finno-Ugric tlreory are .ii""*A a chalr at the Unlversltles'
such tendencLes cannot be
but that the Western nf"nt-Ugtf" Ilngulsts havo
is forcltg tf,; to bicorne the executioners of the natl-on?"'
understood.'lrltro
I wl1l dlsprovc
In the follo,,ring pages, rlth undeniable evldence,
Indo-European
the
of
statenents
llngulstlc
the unsclentific historicil"ana
Iinguists.
The wrlLer of Lhls essay studl,:d from writton clocumolt:r
tho larrguage call-ed rt01d sravicr whrch should actrrrr.ry be cal.leri
rrOld Bulgarlanrr as lt was
ln the 1est,.
Accordlng to hlrtorlograpfu antl ltnqulstlcs" 1rr the nlnLh
century A.D., a Slavlc people setCled ln the terrl.tory of ljalorrJk&,
the northerrr part of present-day Greece. The languaqe of Lhese 3lavs
les used b.v the Lwo chrlstlan mrsslonarles, cyrrl and ,ieLhod. rr or,rnr
to spread Chrlstlanlty amon4 the peolrle.
Llnlulsts exarrdned Lhe structure arr.l vocabular.y of this
J"anguage and declared lC to be of Indo-Fluropean orlqin.
The wrlter of thrs essay exanr-ned the struct,ure arrd vocabrrr;rrry
of thls lan4uaiio and he carlo to the conclusion that Old llulsnrlan __
more recently rr0l-d Slavl-crt
- Ls actually ln lts structure a rruri
aAglutlnatlvo language and ?Ol or more of its vocabularly also hel.onrs
t9:"j:itl{
._l
-agslutlnattve
Langua,qes
.
For ny 6xartnatlon r urcd the cssaya of H.H. Blelferdt: Altslavlsche
Gramatlk, publlshed br Haue/seerc, 196l-. rn the following pages, r present
to thc readcr t'hc results of thir examlnatLon. r gt,ate from Lhe beglnnlng
fhat thc language ihlch Ls eallcd old slavie hag l"etters whl-eh do not
orlSlnatr fron thc Greck but rhteh are identlcal to the lcttaru of the
0opttc languagc" or cLsc thcy orLglnetc frrom the sarnc aouree lrom whleh the
0recks borr.owcd thcl-r arphabrt. Hcr€ r present the Koptl.e charaeterg and the
Orerk charactera. It x111 not be dlfflculb for the reader to see the bruth.
Characters of the Koptlc lengrragcr
A-
a
B-b
['- g
A-
a
e-c
Z'"
H 'e,3
0-ttt
l 'lrJ
X-r
il-1
M-n
\l- "
Z- kerx
o-x
fl-p
f-r
T-t
C.A.t)'
C'"o
Y - orrry
t[ -'on
Y-
kh,ch
p"
Cd - B,?
s
V-r
b,$ - n,",
q
4 -^h
7 =h
)L-;
G - erk.J
-"lt = tr
-z-
-3-
Csokc-Botoe
csSke-Botos
Characters of the Greek languagcl
O qa
'VI.-t<
6,5
t=e
8*a
E =c
5=a"
2'e
{r=n
'9-n
'D=ii
o
'I(
€
F
Y*p"
P=r
nX=th
L=I
) -r
1-r"
-o
-p
-n
-,t
TIORD STNUCTURE
=e
T-r
f-t
X="tt
Ld =o
du=u
The reader doos not need any speclallzed knorlcdgc to be ablc to
co&pare the forms of the charactcrs of thesc languages. Hc w111 coac to
the concluslon thnt the characters of the rr0ld $lavicrr languagg are cLoger
to the Koptlc characterg than to the Greek. Fron thls fact xe nay drarr
far-reachlng conclusions ...
(Translatorrs Note: Fron tfuae to tlncrthe pronunciatlon of a Slavic rord
ls indlcated. I have kept the authorrs transcriptlon, but would llke to
polnt oui that the letter -J- ls to be pronounced as the Engltsh -y-. )
mltlng ayrtco of thc Old fllavle Language.
cf. Blrlfeld| Op. Ctt. p.24
?hc
T-t
oy-u
8-e
FA.JA
6 -b
B-t
I-n
t-
D
-
Turktsh
/t-d
t-Q
K-Js
)tt - {/r"
J'r
Srdz
H--r
l(-h
Jl-L
[-[
H-n
o-o
fl-p
P'r
lo- Ju
{'r
E
x-eh
t(-e
4 - {/ea/
tll ' Y/a/
Y - &/ar/
fr = g/ nasal,/
tbl - ut
b-l
t-i
fr.giA-{naaaL/
lil-JtrF-q /naaal/
t 'ke /uax/
f - pe/ pst/
'+ 'th
.rg - urlrb
c - d/sz/ ,..
I uto the latln lattcra in transcrlblnq, folJowlng the data of
the quoted work, !o that cvcn thc non-ltngulstle speclallst may flnd tt
casy to undcrstand the phonctLcs of the examined words. I have kept the
orlginal forrns of only the capeelall,y unugual lctters,
e.g. thc rrlttsn fonn: FplAj- elty
the tranacrl.bed forn: grad% - clty
-4-
-5-
Csoke-Botos
rPa'4'b =grad? -c1ty
lt0l(% = tok? = current (air or water)
WORD FOTTMATIOI{
ptlla =falba =ftsh
In the
O1d
I.
Slavlc languagc therc
was vowel harmony
but llngulstlc
sclence ls silent about this (for undorstandable reasons). eieUelOt
(0p.Cil. p.2!) wrttes about the funportant characterlstics of vouel herrronyt
rr 'Ihe opposltion of the back and front vowela ls of fundamental
lnportance. The union of consonants wlth folLowing vowels ln Old
Slavic follows certal,n rulcsi l-n fmnt of the vowels of bolh rows
only certaLn consonants can etand. The laws of palatalizatlon are
conditional on the dlfference bctween these tl,ro rows. The vowefs of
both rows are lnterchangeable ln the inflexional endlngs and sufflxes;
e.g. the dlfference between therrhafd add"x36ftil roots l-n the decllnationa
ls connected to the dlffcrence betws:n the two rows Of vowelstr...
That 1s a clear 1aw of vowel harmony Just as ln any agglutlnatlve
languaqet For what reason ls llnguistic research slLeni on thls lmportant
Ianguage characterlstic?
According
to this larr:
rhe hard vowels
o /o/
zl lut/
h /9/
a /a/
^ /y/
ov
/u/
csdke-Botos
soft vowels
e,K /e, Je/
The
vI /i/
of
Nouns
1..
Old Slarle -o, xrltton -%3 actlon, contlnuatlon or
contlnuatlon, thercfore ln nost cases ab3treet ldeas.
r.g.t
lbborb - neetlng, getharlng
pouorb- play, vletory
tok! - currant, flood
1016- trench, plt (nrnct) (ttung. rords)
Aa eonctctc nounst
vort -
ragon
- sound, rlnglng
"vont
Old
In
Turkirhr -I, -1, -u, -ii, ctc
udu - cscort
tarl - platn
In Flilnlah! .b; -u, ctc.
naunr - laughlng
[ahso I rageS
kuolo - death
In Votyak-Zyrlanl
u$to - holcr
b /i/
B,la /i,xa/
a t^ /9,19/
lo /Jn/
For a comparison with the Old Turklsh see Gabaln, Op. Clt. p.
Tha Forrnatlon
u.r.
"oita -
4,+
openlng
(as ebovc)
In Anatolian-Turklshl
yazY - r.rttlng
korku - fear
gfir'ri - flockr hard
Thle characterlstle la apparent ln Suncrlan also:
!l-g's r rlalng
dug-a - laylng, ordcr
!al.-a - part, sharc
Coeparc thesc wlth Diakonoff, Opo Ctt. p.6O
a
result of the
-6-
Itul6: In the Old Slavic language, the letter -o, wrltten -'t lndicates
a noun and is ldenLical wlth the noun-suffix (noroen agentiefactlonis)
of the ag.gtutlnatlne languages and therefore cannot be of Indo-European
origin.
2. OId Slavic: -kor -oko, -iko
wrltten: -k6, -ibkf,, -ikL
Noun suffix meanlng the result of an action.
a/. -kb
znakt = sign
e.g.
. root: zna- - knowr recognize
c.f. Russian: zvuk (zvu-k = soundr rlnging
e.g.
b/
-:bk'b
stplet-[kt =weaving, spinning, knltting
ostat-6kb - remainder
tat-5t r
puh-ck -
Chcranisst
Flnnleh:
moden-ik% =
ouien-ik%* student etc.
nouns from verbs but also
rrdenomlnalisrr
and rrdeverballsrr.
functlon 1s
suffixes naturally do not only form
from other nouns. Therefore thelr
Llt.
hongollant
Tungualan3
Blclfoldt,
Op.
€rf,o Ln Vogul.
Noun
01d
suffixes in the agglutinative
Turklsh:
languages:
anu-q = readiness
k6zirnirk = wlndow
Ctt. p" 119r
the
ettaek
arontl.ons
thc sufflx cluster: _?n_ lk_%,
puun
sYln
Old turklehl
tlurr.Ltc:
Urartu!
Old Slavle:
As
far
suffh
adJectlye gufftx -eD
tseT - *6.n
r of the trec (genttlvc)
- of the housc
ekeyln - of the rrothcr
rtonEugutl o of f,he pearl
haldt-t$ - untranslatable (adJectlre)
urbar-l.nnl - sacrlflclal
g$i-tn" - gultby
prav{d-fh? - truthful
gospod-lnB - bei"onglng to the arlstocrac.y
pogan-1n6 - belonglng to the pagans ...
Flnnlsh:
t<anhL.tb =r atono
rnedal
r
erd 8tate' that the conpound rufflx -?n-t conslsts of a posscssl_ve
rdJcctlvc cufflx end thc tbovc-ncntloned -lk? noun auffix whleh creaLes Urc
nomen agentLa/ actlvla - or hoolrr ls t{e cen crie, thc noun sufrlx
-tk! orlqlrrates fron the agglutlnatlve Lenguagea. The orlgrn of the suffr-x
-rn? rs
also to be found tn alnllar conponcnLs ln the agglutrnatrve languages,
e.g. 01d Slavlc: zla-k'L= vegetables
zlat -ik%= sold
spceeh
uiif-i* - troop
yaz-lk - rlit
daga-kl - rool
hlsa-ki - rhoulder
Turklshr
l4ongoJ.lant
na.rtrr
plcce
rynni-tr*ii
Turkleht
c/, -it<'b
e.B.
These
csdka-Fotos
cs6ke-Botos
aa
116
-1n
can sce, thl.s suffh ls ldentlcal to the posscsslve edJeot,lva
uhe ural-Artelc language and is also rdentlcal to tha
of
aufflx of the posscssive easa. Thcrcfore lt ir not of .llavle orlnln.
I -ln-{k-?
rrltten ! -tn-lkg in Old Slavle also crcates nouns from nounn.
?.g. gf$t4nt ' gutlty) grtthtkts * crtmlnal
Thc conpourd
ktntiGntltg = 11[eratc
posttnlkG= fasber (one who fasts)
lstodtnlkz,= sprl-ng (r*ater) ...
-8-
sufflx exl-sts in the Ural-Altalc languages a1so.
e.g. Uzbek:
-nlki
u-ni"ki = hla
kolchoz-niki = of the kolkhoz
davlat-niki = of the farm
The second conpound suffix ls not a Slavlc element either but agaln belongs
to the aggl-utlnative ).anguages:
-tnin%, -Fanln! , -anln'6 ara again possessi.ve adJectivc
suffixes.
graldanlng = cl-tlzenr cltydrceller
slov-tnin% = of the word
Finnish: suonalalnen - of [he lake
etynologinen = of etynoloey etc.
Structural analysis: slodtnln6 slov-tn-in%
This
same
noun-suf
flx<-'-=J
possesslve adJective suffix
l.
01d
Slavic
-ai7:
noinen
I
<J
actoris
vratai% = guard, gate guard
rt{bar% = fisherman
actoris: iz-uri = errand-bo/, messenger
tr :a-l-ure-leader
Urariu, tr
cf. Estonian;
kaL-ur - fLghennan
Hungarion;
vez-6r - leader
fut-5r - messenger
Turklsh
yaz-ar = writ,er etc.
HurriLe,
-9-
ce6ke-Botos
nomen
b) othcr
languageo!
Flnnlsh
laula-Ja - aLnger, slngl"rrg
t,ektJi * cdnoltt€r, doer
contractlont
vidntl(vl8nt-t -drllt
palstl( palst-t - roasted
noral - slnger, slnglng
kult - dytng
koirtJe - tellor
ekscJ - prlnc6, lord
iittol - rroio
zltodtt - crlmlnal etc.
llordvlnlani
conlracllon
t
Lapp
Votyak
Zyrlan
01d SlavLc
of
The ldentieallty ls urdcnlablc. The word gtructure and the cornponanL!
f,ho Language whlch rhtch hac been dcclared to be slavlc or o1d srevlc
arc ldcntlcal to thosc of the agglutlnatlve languages, thercfore thls
lenguagc whlch re knon fron llngulstlc reuraLns, ls not of rndo-r,uropcan
ortgl,n.
5.Tte cuffixea
-tal, -atal
Qr$.
pozoretel
chodatal
ratal Hongollan:
- vleter
-
nedlator
plornen, planter etc.
-talr -tc[
norltal
-
hopse-rtder, knight
surttuutsl .
I
Its functlon accordlng to
[. 01d Slavlc -Jo, wrltten -jZ>-J1'> -"6 (contractlon)
a) nomen actorls:
voEd6 = leader
slra\6 = guard
pladA = crylns, elc.
csdke-Botos
Learned, cducated
the Engllsh lanegaqe itongoll;rn grannar
Lrt trto form nouns deslgnatlng possesslonl
ln aoocthlngil "..
6.
The sufflxos:
iiongollan:
eonnectlon wlth
-lEtn, -fitn - norren actorls!
krlrrfdln - steersman
ktnl$dln - Llteratc
-6ln - nonen actorls
kapuSln - gate quarrl (Hung: kapu6r)
rutu8ln - messenqcr (ttune: rut6$
pt6lEln - gecretaryr clerk, efic.
6r
containmcnL
-I0-
-11-
Csdke-Botos
dlg- ' 11"
c.8.
7.
agentis suf.fix : _tel{a
:
dtla - work ; dBla _ tet{a = worker
krCsti = christen: kr'sti-te16= chrlstenine
oudi = teach : oull-tel4= teacher
'lhi.s is the fonnation of the elements
in a suffix_eluster:
It consists of the -t whieh ls thc causative verb and
the -1 whtch is bhe
noun suffix, and which has an ldonLieal neaning
in arr of the agqlutinatlvc
Norren
01d Slavic
languagcs.
a) the -t causative
suf f
Old Turklsh:
Turklsh:
Hun3ar"ioo
uqYt- = teaeh, lnstruct
okut- = u.s.
oktat = u.s.
r
Cheremiss:
'l
lx:
EuiSt<ta = starve
cld sfavlc:'/
oudl-te-l1o = teachcr
b) the noun suffix -1:
Hungarlon:
t<iit6-l = rope
fon6-1 = ,r."'.
ouElte-l? = teacher etc.
"o1d slavlc:tl
It ls notable that in the word ouElte1-t, = teacher, the
root word
to Lhe aggluLlnatiue Ianguages: ln old Turkish ukl_
) slavlc
uUi- . ?he palaiillzation of the -k- sound supports thls.
The above _mentioned sufflxes whlch formed nouns
belong to the
belonge
rnascu-l_l-ne noun
group.
!
- rrlttcn !
- lcay€ f
dleb- - eat
cf.
df,eb- - cat
r
Slavlc:
O1d
dt- - uork r
naElf,. - begln !
/*ordlo/ ) ralo
cf. Bl.clfeldt, Op. Ctt. p. 120 and
hon*
eman-
2
cs6ke-Botos
df-tle -
wi_ng
hon-atla
-
clearlnp
-t1b o remalns
dleb-btle - lefLovers
em6
dXeb-lr - food
At-to - rork of art
na6th-1o - beglnnlng
- plorgh ctc.
Benzlng, lannutlschc GramrriaLLk, p 1g/A6e...
of placc aufflx t -llta
stnfmG - agocmblv
slndn-tgtc - aasembl;,'-placc
lschodt - cxlt
lsehod-lJtc r placc of exlL
rflkrov? r reeclrs (htdlng)
aCcov-l$te - hldlng-Flaec, els.
Thc cornpound sufflx -tUtc 1g made up of the rlatlvus. sufflx -5 and the
Locatl"vc suffi.x -te" NaturaLly, these sufflxes are to be found orr a lar,,c
icele ln the aggl.utlnatlvc Languages. rn the cherernlss languaqe, the.v appcnr
as a ruffk lndlcating an adyarb of Flaec and as a casc endlnA.
9. the edycrb
Old Slavlc:
Thu!
ln thc
Chcrcrnlss languagc:
tuUU(tu-Sto - there
purla-5to - on tho rlqht
t$-{te - herc
Slevlc:
dlkrov-tUtc - hl-dlng-placcr etc.
Thls sufflx, ln the course of llngulstlc change, hecame a sufllx in ilre
fornatlon of nouns ln tho languaee ilhl-ch ls eallcd Old Slavtc. Let us
Old
8.
let us examine the noun sufflxes whlch end with the letter
-o and
to the neuter noun Rroup.
Ol-d Sl-avic: -1o, n"itten -lo, accordlng
to Slavlc linguists, originated
with its contractlon from the ancl-ent form n_dlo:
*-dlo)
-14,,,
Now
which belong
I'his
component can also be found
Lanut : -t1>
and
-Ie
ln its original lorm l"n Tungusian and
nor cxamine the fernlnlne noun suffLxes.
lO. Ttrc Old Slavlc sufflx -a fonns the deverbatlvc nouns. In tto orlcln
li ta ldcntlcal to the mareulLne and neuter qerrder fonns -o a,tl -e.
rhlch together orlglnate fron the agglutlnatlve lanquaqes whlch gt,tll.
cxlsl today.
cs6ke-Botos
-r2lsdbna * exchange,
ograda = fence
opona = eurtain
e.8.
01d Turkish:
beii = glory,
chanqe
Hungarian:
fame
Ll. The Old Sfavic suffixes -ka, -ika, -Rka, -?dka
e.R.
blit-ika = the followinq
of,-lka = relatlve
kltt-Dka - ceII, prlson
vlad-ldka= ruler
mot-ttka = spade,
etc.
Turki-sh:
ar-qa =back
Kl"rg'iar:
-neck-flesh
Jel-tI
Kqtanr-Tatar:
neck
-kd
Jil
Tungusianr 6old I
ama-ka =bear
t{ongolian:
aja-ga =drinkLng-bowl
Manchurian:
eap- ka = chopstlcks
rttsf- t.
uomSl-
Tungu6i.an!
Ol-d
Slavlc:
ef.
Old Slavlcr
Scrbo-Croatlan:
l4orphologyt
kalltka, kallcka E eaqe
klltb - Schlogs (esstlcl lock)
klltt-le - le-/be-/z6r - lock up,ln
t$t-%ta ' cell
klttka - ccll
zSrka (Hune.) - cell
I bellcvc that the Hungarl-an Academ"r' of Sclencc rrLll remove that word
(t<atlttta) froo the llst ofrslavlctloan-words. The noun-suf.Lxes -ka/-kd
togethrr and separately emphaslze that thls word has been taken from Lhe
Hungarlan lenguage lnto Lhc Slavlc ...
12. Old Slevlc:
-ota
tloUota
toplota
Zyrlen-Votyak:
Chcrcnlggr
Vogull
(noun-sufllx)
-
cleanlLncss
heat
vellkota - greatness etc.
klzta - thlckness
ku65b - greatness
;osit
-
lcngth
= bundle
ka -
13. Old
work
kelbi-ka -spade
rnot-?6ka = spadc,
Slavlcl
-lna
(nary functions
)
o !tLonc6, stlllness
lstlna - truth
gtalfitslna - superlor, old
ro,fotlna - latrn
godlna - hour
old Turklsh: tiitiln - snoke
tlrin r feglnent
Irongoll-anl bagana - Eupportlnq-been
0smani
tlknH - toknd (Hung.) - troueh,
Kazanl- Tatar: tlginii ' u.sr
tl5tna
egc.
In conrrection ulth Lhis, ue have to mentlon the Hunqarian word lkalitkal = cage,
which the r-lnno-Ugrlc llnquists have declared tc be a loan-word from the
Slavic.
Let us state thai this Hungarian word phonetl-ca1]y, morphoJ.ogicall-,, and
seurantlcall.y drifbed frorr the agglutinatlve lanquaqes into the Slavlc
languages.
csdkc-Botos
Proof.:
Turklsh:
qutada = happiness
Su!fteriani
= ghare
lale
duga = saylng, cornrnand, efc,
cf. the words quoted under point # 1...
Chereniiss:
-r3-
wa.shtub
-I/+-
cs/dkc-Botos
14. 01d Sl-avic: -"/oe6, -6ce,.$ss, (-ica) in aI1 t,hree gen6ers:
Korean, Tungu€lan, iiongollan: -aEl, -31, -ta, -ge, -kg
rurKl-sn:
01d Turkish:
i,lordvinian:
llun.garion:
vv
-ac, -c
-Ea, -Xi
-kd, -ke
-ka, -ke
,
etc.
reJect this theory because the rndo-Europeam orlgl-n is Just a hypothcsis
the existence of these suffixes in the agglutinatlve languages
is undeniable.
Slavic word ot4cG= dad , whlch supposcdly
is the Ancient Slavic xot% = father , with a dj.mlnutlve sufflx.
Old ; Slavlc: oL4 cA I :tot4t<Gi
Thus:
O1d
-lecG(-+4k(.:
k)c
(palatalizatlon)
Let us now look al the l4ongo.l-lan slndlarities :
Lit. !ron!ol1an:
e8e-ge = father, dad, old
Altaic Turkish:
itr-gd = u.s.
KaLnuck:
otsl -gaa= rrs.
cf.
ets-kD E u.s.
;+ot$-klo
Ancient ilavlc:
Old Slavlc:
oLbc6
The Anclent S1avic word ls unknovm; it is a llngulstic hypothesls,
while Lhe i'longorlan suffix is a realit.v. The above suffixes are origJ-nal
noun suffixes with a dlnlnutive functi,on ln the ranguage whlch is caLl"cd
01d $1avlc and they have no connecil.ons wih the hypothettcar lndo-European
sufflxcs. The language whtch ls callort old slavic is an agglutlnative
Ianguage. r .
Slavlcl
Lav-tctr
hunter
ar-'6cA- tarrlor
Ltor-tcG - crletor
whereas
suffix t
The
b
Llnguists bell-eve that this suffix or the -c sound goes back to
The
csdke-Botos
old 91av{a -te6 s! e noncn agentls sufflx ls ldenblcal to
thc noa€n actorla auf,flx -8f, -f, -cf/c - dzs/ln the aBslutlnatlve languegca.
i)
Old
an Indo-European -k- sound whlch underwent palatallzation. Howcver,
when we study the ldenticaL forms in the Alteic languages, we have to
Let us take the
-L5-
l{ongollanr tar{an - ll
ota-Ul
norl_{l
ef. OLd Slavlct ]lr-{ca.
r pcaaant
- doctor
r grooil
- huntcr
etc.
b) ai a dlnlnutlve suffk:
au-lt-l - av daddy
old turklsh:
- ny mrrrr/ty
grad-{e3'1tttLe eltv
oUtat-i ct. llttle eloud
Lcb us now look at thc changc ln palatallzatlon.
neJk6. llttlc l-ouse
Tungutlant
cclkc - Ltttlc brother
l{anchurlant
panXke - ltttlc flowcr
t{ordvlnlan:
rlvcllke - llttle fox
bedok
Zyrlant
- llttl€ stick
puok - lltblc trec
ft6k - llttls blrd
llrmqrrlon
kruzs6k - llttle clrclc
cf. Rueclenr
ku"6t - ltttlc olece
trurlfi. llttle chlck
f,azanl*r Tatar:
b6tJutkt - ny dadd1, cter
cf. Rurglan:
8gt-Eri-il
gld Slav1ct
fhcrcfotc ln both caaes t,hcrr crlats a phonetlc change: k)t, k)c,
all rtthout any Indo-fiuropean nlareprescntatlon.
In Tungurtan/tarnut/ thLc cxlstr ln the followlng form: -kin (-kS-n
u11k1-l6n - llbtle squlrrcl
e.8e
urakcf-k5n - llttte h111, etc
nnrt U
)
o,
-16-
cs6ke-Botos
cs6kc-ttouos
-17The ncuter and femlninc sufflxeg naturally bclong here. According to
thesc statemcnta, the -ga, -Ica sufflxes, whlch thc Flnno-Ugric llngulsts
mentl.on repeatedly, are not of sl,avlc orlgln. Let us flnlsh our obscrvatLon
trith this conelusLon:
01d Turklsh:
14ik = cow
Turklsh:
inek - cow
01d Slavic:
Fonica = calf
Flnnlah, morpholog:r penlkka=
-k syfflx became -c ln Old S1avlcl ln thls casc.lhe -a suffir rras the
slgn of the femlnlne (demonstratl-ve pronoun). The Turkish sound -l- et thc
beglnning of the word wss: to. . ln old Slavic ...
cf.
OId Slavlc:
ouienikz = student
oudonlca - glrl otudent, elc,
The Old Slavic noun
6.8.
Yakut:
Turklsh:
16.
sufflx: -t4
s/6mr6-t4= dcath
ta -t6- robbcr
vLas -tG- Fower
peY -ta- ovon
top -ti = sphere, ball
kal -tt = scissors
kYP -tY - u.3.
t6r -t - four
bi -t = Iouse
sYr -t - mountal"n ridge
The OId Slavic nonn
c.8.
I4ongolian:
Hungorian:
e-lc,
sufflx: -E16 , written -tt{
6atb-!b16 - danger, peril
peE-al?" * mournlng
obit-tlG - dwelLlng
Jobal = suffering
Jtrgal = happiness
tral6t = death
17. Thc 01d Slavtc noun Euffhr -n4o
danlr glver
branl- battlc
Vogult
FLnnlcht
boltr-ni - sl,ckncss
bl-n)- llfe, dwelllng
kohi-na
-
murnur
I havc prcsentcd nlnciy pcrccnt of thc noun suffixcs of thc lnn4tnqc
rhlch ls callcdrbld Slavlel
It cen slrcedy bc statcd that, ln thc language whlch ls cal.led Old
Slarlc, thc ordcr of noun tufftrctr togethar wlth aLl t,he sufflxes lc
ldantlcal to that of thc eggluttnatlvc lenguagc6. Thercfore thc old Slavle
languaga k not Indo-EurDpoen but ls a member of ihe great famllv of
iSglutlnatlvc languagea.. .
blagoda-t6 = mercy
Tungu3ian:
a8-t'tfa - aetlon
t6.r.tcl - actlon ttl
Jiive-tcl - eonlng
hlva-tal - offlcc .. ,
puppy
The
L5.
Conpound form: -ttfa
Grgr
Hungarl-ent
and
-ai-.lo
The
formation
of AdJcctives
_r9-
csdke-Botoc
-16-
and AdJect,ivc S,tffl.xo".
3.
Thc Old Slavlc posacarLvc edJcet!.vc
auffh,l -{n%
- of the leader (thc lcaderre)
rul-lnB
- of the snake (the snakers)
l4arl-ln?a - of liary (lhryrs)
isc2 - of the clty
lain - of the fathcr (thc fatherrr)
ereyin - of the nen (the manrs)
a6an$n - of the father (the fatherrs)
laldl-lna . of thtdl (narnc)
urb-er-Lnn. - of the eacrlflce (sacrtflclal)
aD-?t r of the father
yoleYod-ln%
CoSr
I.
AdJecbives ending
in
e.8.
vowels lndlcated bv: - 16
mll% - fricndly, dcar
sltpe = bllnd
chrom? - lame
Finnish:
-i suffix
vogulr - P
Firmtahr
souchto- dry
Mongollanr
nuorL -
ChcrcnLcrl
young
pioni - snal-l
uusi = ncrd
hyr5 = good
Sunerien:
-a suffix
Mongolian:
Hungarien:
2.
The nrost usual
llurrltcr
Urartu:
gul-a = btg
dug-a = good, nlce
yek-e - blg
klcsi - smal1
fekete-black,
etc.
sufflx: - Gnlo
e. g.
vbr 6 n'6
= falthful, loyal
zakon6n%- lawful
dI,l"{^nFl"- ovtLn|
ElBt'6nV- honorable
dosto6n?- daservlng
0stonlani -ne suffix
vegine - wct,
damp
edeslne = far
-ii sufflx
Turkish: -.gsufflx
Zyrl-an:
01d
Vogul:
-.7 suffix
Mordvlnlan:
vekr{t -
lungrgte4,/Larmrt/
nakat-e7rlr of the bcer
4. Old Slevlc: -tsk?., -likn&, .<ik}
G.t.
6lad-%k$
llulg'arianl
krat-Zk%
Ilr- okt,
puf- 6k
= 6"to
ayan&y = honorable
n*ag = famous
ke/e2 * angry
salo, - sa1t, etc,
r sn*ct
- lhort
- rlde
- bloated
6k - llsr
i .ffortLcsr
JcJrd-lk - rhltlih
6tl-ke - h6eyy
kuve-ke - long
siir-fik r chan
Ia-r* - saintlx
ttgl-lik - bllnd
kfi-Ik - brrkcn
sol-uk - faded
biiy-rik = bts
erc.
hac-
Zyrlanr
koknld-tk
llordvlnl.an
Old Turklrhr
narrow
6ri2
cs6ke-Botos
TurkL;hr
5. Old Slarlcl
c
of,r
-v4
t
-avzo(adJcctlvca showlng a chara.cterLstlc)
tl-vt - llvcly
tin-av3- mrddy
krtriv-avtr'"' bloody
I'lnnlsh:
vere-vE
Llha-va
-
bloody
moaty
Csoki-Bgtos
-20-
_2L_
llhe-v - ncaty
salo-v - galt
cf.
uordvlnlan:
6, 01d Slavlc: -llyl.i
Phonctlcc: ?l)X )v
Hungarlant
ldantlcaL to the 01d Turktsh rdJcotlvc e,ttttx
mltost-lv? - pltlful
straU -1vr6 - fcarful
c.8.
ltn- 1r% - lazy
a8r-lg
- ln love
slotaT' - negllgcnt
Old Turklshr
Flnnlsh:
arll
- clcan
vikcvi
- Etrong
i coloufflrl
klrJava
-t /
-e
(
7.
01d Turklshl
-lltr
clusterr -tltr% . l'or lts funetlon cf.
poslouU-
Phonctlca: -rrf,
01d Turkish:
cf. Egtonian:
)
1r1) uu )
dllrL-
obedlcnt
ut
sufflx -tt belongs lo Lhe abovc
ls ldentleal to tha f,u6gE!.tmg ibngoll"n -6, -i, -aJ., -e|, -l
and to the Sunerlan -a61 and thc Urartu -c/-l arrl ls not of Indo-European
9.
The Old
Slavlc possessLvc edJcetlve
group ard
origlnr
abovi
l,longollant
Urartu!
reb-ll - of the prLsoner
prr-ll r of the do6
tff qf+1e / - uhose? /ttt/ Huryo,ia,'tkit?/
qaden-al - of the Khan
qa6en-l
ef.
- lrr3r
ilt-nu-a-1-n6-e-1' MLnuars ete.
ada-Ilf, -
dangcrous
tiir-liig qutf-flf'
nannGrlY
Noici Th€ rrl.tcr, rhen hc nakca thls ltngulstlc eomparLson, does nob uac
hypothettcal etynol-ogy but takct hl"s lnformatlon from rrrltten documenhed
deacrvlng
Itngulrtlc data.
lapee-llk
- chtldlsh ctc.
The slmplc posscsslve adJcctlrc
8. Old Slavlc
c.8.
l{ordvlnlanl
elc.
Thls suffli la ldcntleal to tho Sunerlan -ag/-ak genl-Llvc sufflx.
Phonetlcg: as) ) 1"r
)E - -Gl-6
* "1
lgii
*cii ) eu) ev --eYt /-ova .,.
cf. litrrgarlanr posacoslvc aufflxcs -6 and -t
otc.
razom-y'liv? - lntelllgent
aavld-€llvt6 'anvloug
c.g.
nagy)-riird- ( bls ) -€ared
... - f6t6 - ... -lesgcd
...- kezii - t.. - hands ,
Old Slavlel
01d Slavle suffl-x
csSke-Botog
pos6c8lrl,vc ceacl
-oylf, and
-61116
Srom-ov? - of thc thurrdcr
$o8-ovl6 r noon
L(ev-otS - of thc llon /oroazL6nos/
Pctr-ov€ - Pcterrs
r {parltcl-dva - of the Savlour
nud-ov-rlthahols
kiv-cv - atony
sod-ov ..sooty
plL-cv
- blg-cared(l)
rrltben - ?
G.B. Old Slavlcl
sufflx belongs In thls qroup, bhe -l sufflx,
6lovti-a. hunan /Hung.t ernber-l/
- prophetle
natcr-6 - notherly /tlung,t anya-l/
ktrfly-t F royal
Huhf,elilbnl
fir-t - gentlemanly
&rya-l r notherl"y otc.
naturally thla suffir can be found also ln the ot,her agr.l-uttnatlve
pmroE-t
lnnqrrngor.
-22-
10. 01d Slavlc!
e.g.
-
round
top-L% E warn
srtBt-+t?' - bright
e8glutlnatlvc languagco lnto thg Baltlc and Gernan languages because the
lrnguagc rhleh ls caLlcd Old Slrvtc, in ltr llngulstle etrueture end voeabrrrary,
balongl to thc eggl,utlnaf,ita Languagesr
%4s-t1% = sour
teur-lc = swect, tasty
kuat-Ic - powerful, strong
k
Chorcmlss:
Turklsh:
?unggsian/tamut:
Proofr.
. t5n5s-1e = peaceful
sewlm-ll - dcar
tiiy-lii - feathered
tat-IY - gwoet
kan-Il - bloody
bu7 tu-ll - round, sphorlcal
nibu-1l = dLehevellcdr etc.
Thc eornpoundt
-4aktb1 -6a*to
( -ar-kt
Tunguclary'larnut/ I -lsff
t
| -tskt
,
-skl ...
t6 ronconc or ;ornethlng.
Thcoc compound ruffhcr ean bc found ln thc loLloring
V
mcanlng: belonglng
e.8.
Hungarlan:
anclent wrltuen
doeurontad forml:
Urartu:
n. The OId Slavi-t denonstratlvc adJcctlvc sufftx: -{fi{;
to the Hungarlan lativus sufflx: -nl
csSkc-Botos
lz'
Let us flnlih by taklng thc ord slavle ;osscs.rlve adJcctlve s'ffixes
vhlch ean bc found ln t'hc ocroan end Baltrc languagca: -sko, wrltten:
-6skv. Lct us rtatc thet thla forra ls aetually a conpound taken from the
*1&, - 4ltt,, !tsr,t
krge-l%
-2)-
cs6kc-Botos
ls idcntlcal
plBa-{fi4 = first
poslBd-46€ * lasl
outr-146 - nornl-ng
b].'r,E-1"t4 * noarby
llurrltc:
..8.
Ura.tu;
Hunltcl
Thc conponenttt
...Pap-nl
...mcster-nyl
...dobds-ny1-ra rrr i ,..as far &a onc cen throw ...
Tu4uslan/,aort3
...p111anat-nyl-ra... - ln the baLtlng of an cyelld.. e{r.
thc
Naturally thls sufflx can also be found Ln SumerLan. Thcrefore we cannot
take lt to be a sufflx borowed from the SlavLc lanErage.
From these observatlons, we nay etate that the adJectlvo sufflx ln
the language which is ca11ed 01d Slavlc, ln all lts forms, is noi
Indo-European but ls ldentlcal to the fonns of the aggtutinatlve languaqes.
-sc - tr (posscsslrc)
-Di - posscaslvc adJcettvc srrffix
-[i t u.".
ur-bu-e-sc - b€longlng to the sacrlflce
Sardurl-fl - Sardurlrc
pab-an-24 - of the nountlln, thc mountalncs
-sc + dr ) -ac71,
::;1,
conpound
Flnhtoh!
cf.
auffhl I.
-rc
puu-katr/ks -Usz/ - belonglng
niie-krt - belonglng to the
ala-c
yl6-r
ilongollan:
iindc-s
Chafo[lrst
JatS
-
to the tree
htll
undcr
up
-rc - of thc rtllagc, ah.
-21+-
II
Mongollan:
Kazanl Tatar:
ALbalc Turklsh:
01d Turklsh:
Tungusian components:
.
Formatlon of
-f,r, -fd
aqayln-kl- = bclonglng to the older brother
atan{-q{ = bel,onging to the father
atanY-f,! = u.e.
fUrli-n - of the lnside
E
wi -skl = hcre
aug-ski - back
01d S1avlc:
e}-
cs5ke-Botos
tule -skl = out
tawa-skl" = therc, !tc.
t:.o,f\E-bsk6 = human
za-$sktlc = carthly
Vol_4aXQo = godlI
nebes-rsk?, * heavenLy, etc.
r)
cslka-Botos
ldtcrbr,rtth Sufftial
Adv.rbr of plec6!
9laYlc:
c.8.
OLd
-dc?
-
$hor.?
ktdc - khcre?
nlktdc - norherc
lBr%a" - soncnh6re
ot$dc - hcrc
on%da - thtrc
rktde r cvaqrxhera
llongollent -dl, -de
cndc - hcrc
tcndc - thcrc
qotalada - svcrJnhcrc
dergcdc - bcaldc, at
qanta - rhcrc?
Old lurklrhl
Turkilht
ncredc - ttrlr 2 ?fc.
b) tdrcrta of tlnc: -t de-.i OLd
Slavlet
kogda
-
onU gda
ovlagda
-
nar.6hda
bnldc -
then
nor
-
v{regda
llongollant
nftcn?
rhcrl?
-
ar17[Luc
tonorror
t long tlnc
ago
- cvcrltlnc
urtuda r |lo!r
nsauda
Nota
thrt the
exarapler mcntloncd aboyc are ldentleal to thc loeatlvc -o'r!
cndlrga of the 1urklsh languagc. thcse cndlnlgg hccame sufflres rlhleh
provar thab the 0Ld Sl-avlc language ls an agslutlnetive lanquaf,o.
g',t*
{6c) Ablatlve
Thc Vcrb
-z(-at, -fr -dou
t)fidt - frorn here
k8dt - fron khere?
on,$dou - from there
lnAdb - fron somewhere else
e.g.
Flnnlsh:
l,appS
r
Turkish:
alte ' u.s.
Jillede - fron the host
olkodc = from outsidc
qanyuda - fron whcrc?
J.anguagc
of rerb rufflxcs arxr thelr elernents ln thc old slavle
k ldentlcal to the rtructure of verb sulflxes ln [he acqluLlnat.lvo
languager.
Proof.
eLc.
io Lhe Ofd Slavlc sufflx, the I'bgyar language uses the locatlvc
case as does the rrongollan: maful-a = badlyi qata[ul-a = urercllcssly
Compared
Actually we are talklng of the datlve case. The systems are lderrtlcal
together with all bhe elenLentg. Just, one cxamnle:
Slavic: dolt * do*n
Old'turkish: qodl = down
Chegatai: koJl=rlown
sufflx.
Thc strueture
Let us close our observatlon wlth the fol"lowing stetem.nt. The advcrblal
sufflxes actually orlginate from case-endings Just as we have aeen abovc. A
pure voweL case-ending could also become a suffix, e.g. OId Slavtc
ve6er'?a = evenlng (n.)
(Hung. egl - evening
ve{er-'L= in the evenlug (adv.)
est-e = in the eveninq) !!l
mar\y cases
cJ6ke-Botos
Ststcncnt.
aLdo, elda = under
lu.ordvlnlan:
Ol"d
case:
cs6ke-Botos
1n
In the Langurgc vhich lc called Old SLavle, the verb sufflxes are
to two verb roots, the LnflnLtive (vcrb-noun) root anrl the present tense
root. Let us cell thesc roots by t,hclr abbrcylated terms - lnf. root arrd
arlrtnrl
prcto footr
thc lnf. roott can bc dlrldcd into two eategorl-cs, e) root wlthout
tufflx end b) noot rlbh sufflx. Lct uc cxamlnc the grorrp of verb roots
rl.thout aufflx:
nlt-tt /(xnel-|.i/ - nlt"lsi lnf"root: mft- (*mefkla-tf /<*1oL-Il/ - but,chcrrt lnf . root: kla- 4+1o1bra-tl. /<*Aor-t't/ - flghts; [nf, root: bra- 4 *6o"-
01d
I befieve that no further
anclint forn of thc root erdcd ln a consonant; the corrsonnrrt
rlLh the preecdlng voncL. ef. above. From thls we eBn s.o
that, the conoonant crusf,er et the beglnnlng of the rord ls not soare klnrl of
cuperlor llnqul,sttc eharacteriatlc but ls a conunon lLngulstte rleterlorat.lorr.
€.8. thc verb roofs whLch crrd ln -r ard -t ln the so-callcd Old Sl&vle lnrrtrutrr,.:
nes-tL - carry
pas-tl - graze
v6z-.- ' drtvc (Lransltlvc)
Er?.1D-e - chew
-d erd -t errdJ.nga3 met-c- - s$eep
plet-e-- strrln
pad-e- - fallr drop
bod-a- - stab, prlck
pek- - roaat
-k and -g endlngs:
t'ek - - run
Thc nost
changed placc
comment
is
necctssary.
-46-
Xeg- -
fr
nogf{rn4rwdr-
crdlng:
In Oslyak:
6n"tt
* havc
- rub
* dic . ... ok.
- dor,r
man- a
99,..,:i
am6t - bc
pleascd
Jont- = plaY,:
JinS- - drink,.; efr:,.
Here belong the verb-roots without suffix, which end ln a vorel:
bi-tt - strlker beat
vl-ti = turn
poEl-tl = rest
In
.'.9-
Cs6kc+Botos
lnf. root: bllnf. root: vl"lnf. root: podl-
Ostyak:
lnf. root: JiJi-tl - come
lnf; root: 1)cat
l:-tl ctc.
nu-ti - bw
lnf. roott nrSirailar verb-root' ati\lctures can bc found in any agglutlnativ6 Ianguagcr
Mongollan: bo1- = lsr wlll, la pooclbl.e
bol+ u.!.
Turklsh:
uoao
o1- Vogul:
garstop
fortard, comc out, forn
MongolLan:
gttt.rc,
mllk
sa[- Turklgh:
bo[- = tle; tanglc
l! re oan !er, th,. purc rcrb-root, rlthout guffh, ls not a Slavle
llnguiattc cheractcrktic, but rathor a charactcrlrtlc of thc erqlutlnet,lvr
lrrguagc!.
Eubt rn thc old slavlo lrngnegc oan forn a ncrr vcrb-root fron e noun
''6
lnd froo e vcrt. Thcrcforc ln thc old
slevlc language thcre ls a dcnomlnal
rnd I dcrorbal vcrb ruffk, Jurt ar ln any othcr ag8lutlnatlvc lan3uagc.
In thc follotlng, nc rlll prcrent thc strueturc of verb suffh.cc.
thc lnf. root haa thc auffkcrt -c-r -t-, and -tThc -a- rufftrt
gti8r-a- - b! annoycd / d,enonlnel/
kon4t-e- - cnd ,/denonlnal/
poher-e- . ahor
ltblr-e- - ch@tc
thc -t- tufftr
onto$- - bcconc cllrnt
orlab$- ! bceonc *cak
i
"tl-t- r.coy€r
oun-t- - undorstand, Bature
Thc
knock
JBa$- - rlt
vod-l- - lced,
-l- sufflxt
er-l - ahor, polnt
port-l- - fut
tort_l_ - trcatr cntcrtal"n
boget-i- - bcccoc rl.ch
fornr arc not of rndo-Suropoan orlgln, but rathcr ean bc rhown
to hevc ldcntlcal forne ln thc agglutlrutlvc Ldnguagcr rlth en Ldcntlcal
functlon ard phonctlc rtruoturo. Thuri
Ol.d Slavlc:
-eThcae
In the Mongollan language it ls alrcedy a ver$al sufflx:
kcse_ _ punlsh
delc- = strlke,
JB.
-tOld
lurklch:
-a-
bcnd
-i-
tfr'Flnnlsh6t pago- ' run
-r-t-
biikl- -
csdke-Botoc
-u-
-ii-
cts.
40"
csdkc-Botos
e.B. OId Turklshl kfiE - strenglh
k'n6-5- = stral-n
OId Slavic
Cbr$-
OId
Turkish: et -
-
near
at-a- - call
grlBv-a- - bc annoyed
kiif_;_ - pralsc
ehval_i- * praise
bar-l-- catch
name
Old S1avlc:
01d Turklsh:
OId Slavi.c:
Mongoll,an:
dar-u* = push,
Thutt
Qrtr
- u.6.
(raialeot)
pod-ebc slckly
Flnnish:
Jan-u- = be thirsLy
It aeens as though the above three verb sufflxes of tho Old Slsvlc
lnf. root are l"n reallty onc olcment beeauso thc languagc whlch ls callcd
Old Slavlc ln lts origi,n io an agglutlnatLvo languagc and , as such, knew
vowel harmor\y aLso. This ls lrherc thc vowel harmony of the dlfferenL forms
sab-1,-
originates.
Thus: 01d Sl-avlc: gntv-a- = bc annoycd
Ol-d Turklsh: bo!-a- - free
Old Slavlc: bol-t- = bc slckly
01d Turkish: kiid-ri- = straln
- fast
etc.
danpen
of borowed f,ortrs, thcrefore the only possJ.blllty
ls ldentical forms.
Note: In Judgtng the funcllon of the sufflx, we are not allowed to dlsregard
Lhe rules of polysemantles"
Thc suffix -no- which ts added bo the l"nf. root, wrltten: -nfi -, pronounccd:
ir a vorbal sufflx whlch for'ns thc lnstantaneoue verb form. Thls Old Slavlc
elcuent is identical to the exlstlng instantaneous verbal suffix of the
agglutlnatlvc languages: -nc-1 -n-e
Old 9l-avlcr
Flnnlahr
Csdke-tbtos
-n9-
, atc"
- clatter
cEch-ng- - 61y
-ne-
bY3k-no-
Poma-nq-
- rcnenbcr
tft6r-n9- -
gqueezc
sab-a- - beat, whlp
01d Slavlc: Post-lOId Turkish: ii1-1- Hcr6 wc cannot talk
-JI*
Lappfl
dLreppcdr
ougar-no- - .xtlngulsh
Eourge-nl - teerc
-!lt down
botta- nc- - lrrclL
Ftnrd.ahSl
pekc-na- . run for$ard
vanhe-nc- - bceono old
rlc-nc- - .l.nk
Thc old slavlc -Jc-, rrlttcnc -f€-, frequcntatlrc form, eontlnuablvc
fornr thc rcpctttlvr vcrbal forr.
Old Slavlcl |nf. rootr pokg-e- - rhort
prca" root,: pokez-c-Jc - ia ahowlng
F:
Sokke-nc-
J"ablr-a-.- aclcct,
fornr,
choooc
lzblr-a-Jc-
Ls chooslng
narle-a-Jc--
lt
nanlng
a€Ildz-e-Jc- 1r burnlng
rrbote-Jc- ls rorklng
Thla forn 1r Ldcntlcal to thc vcrlflablc ialrt6d llorms i.n the ural-Altnte
lenguagcar -tJt-u -J1-, -Jet{t" }tongollanr bbkt- - bcnd
bbkt-Ji- - lc bcndln8
qalf-Jf- - fu bcndlng
Slordvlnlanlt fcpl-Jo--fu euttlng
tostl-Je- - fu knocklng
varl-Ja- * le blecdlng
Fr
stl-Je- - ia laying
0styakr
6off-:f- - ts lteklng
JastI-Jt- - is raylng
cedke-Botog
-32-
IappSr
Hungarlan:
'|5!-
koca-Jc- - ls ewakening
puola-Je- - ig burning
hever-5-sz - ts ldng (phonetlcs: Jc) 3)
Ie6el-5-sz - 1g grazlnS
kotor-5-sz * ls groplng
OId Slavic! (contractlon)
pres. roott
pas-c - grezes
vcz-€- r travek
dar-ov-a - glvc preacnts
obtd-ov-a =.at lunch
ndl-ov-a - synpathlzc
rad-ov-a = reJolca
Lnen-OV-a
-
nane
n6ne
rcmaln
orack
panlo-v- opcn
-
hana
tet-oil- - brlng
- guard
ndryJ-a* i tor6
n(a- 6<ft r stretch
... 6tc.
cft harag-uv-'
thur rc havc prcacntcd thc structurs of the rcrbal aufflx and lbo
elcocntr ln ihc larguagc GrllGd Old Slavle. Thc strueturc ard elemcntt of
thl Old Slavlc rarbel rufflx arc Ldcntlcel to thcrc of thc agRlutlnatlyr
languagcl. Thcrcforc thc rtructire of the noun and verb aufflxes of thc
OI{ Slerlo languagc. lr agglutlnat,lvcl In no reJr ls lt Indo-Europoan.
lftg arr thc Flnro-Ugrlc ltngulste rllcnt about thlc fact of llngulotlo
hlltort?.lrd rlry rr. th6 $letlolcta atlcnt?
!g}lt Th.r. li not onc tcrbel tufflr clcncnt ln the languagc rhleh la
aill.d Old ltLarlc rhlch has no ldcntlcal foru ln the egglutlnatlvc Languatrrl
llungarlan:
eoa
-
-r
koddot-ovc-
Ur-ot_
Flnally: The function of the Old Slavlc Vcrbal sufflx -ovs- ls the repeatlng
of an action and l-s reflexlve. The idcntlcal verbal gufflx ln thc agglutinatlvc
languagcs !s -v- (reflcxlve).
1nf. root:
lazo-v-
Vo3uLXr
01d Slavlc:
Thus!
llmdc-tc
kado-v-
f,epp5l
net-e- - Bwecpt
v
pei-e- frier (phonotlcc: Jc) c)
Jc)i
inf. root: bol-:B- - beconc sick
pres. root: bol-i- - ls clckly
lnf. root: vel-1il = cornmand
pres. root! vel-i- - connands
lnf. roott dr*tj-a-' hold
pres. root: arVt-t^ - hoLds out
Finntshl Jc)l
paina - push, squeezc
paln-l- - rrestles
nata- - wriggle, aquirn
nat-i - sllde, cllnb
polk-l = glvcs blrth ; polk-a *
but
Eun-l-layg Inuna.cgg
pcs-l - ncsts ; pcgd - nrst
l{ordvlnlrnl
csdko-Botos
ce6kc-Botos
'31+-
The Verbal Noun and
lts Sufflx
-35-
ef. ln0r 28.1, ,A
Itlotcl Thc slmllar clcrnents of tho
In 01d Slavlc:
Ostyak:
-t1
-ti.
FLnnlgh:
-ta, -t'd, -da,
Indo-Europ0an
-dii
Altaic sfunllarltles.
cf. Ramstedt, Elnfiihrrrng ... II p.1I9: 'rThe sufflx -ta ls ln Korcan thc
lnflnltlve endlng --the usual lexl-cal form of the verb.n...
The Sunerlan connectlona concl"psiveLy provc that thls sufflx 1s not
nSlavictr
orlgln but that it ts actually a compound...
of
The truth ls that we cennot claln that the Foreans borrowed thi.s sufflx!
tct us now make tho comparl.sons.
Korean:
Flnnlsh:
0styak:
Suncrlan:
lufflx
_ta_
tn the Old SLavlc
and the
egglutlnatlve languagca grrr out, of thc oldcr sunerlan form to take
thclr presont shapc. Thcrcforc thc cuffh _ta_ Is not of Slavlc or
The Indo-Europcan llngulats and thel-r supportefs, thc Flnno*Ugrl'c
llnguists, would say t,hat thc Flnn-ostyak languagee borrorred thcsc sufflxes
as a result of thelr lower ranking orlglns. Lct us aleo observ? the Ural-
Old Slavlcl
ca5ke-Botog
kloveta-tl, =
suspect
po{l-tl = rest
chvall_tl ;, glorlfl
ves-ti = travel
nek-ta - cat
kada = go
l!-ta - bc, exlst
tchdi - do, act
syb-di - eat
taJ-tl - have
Jl-tl - come
Jot-tl - PlaY
d6-ge-da - bcautlfy
k6-acda * clean
nu-aka-da * not to do
gi1-ra-da - need
afie-ga$ = be gsod, otc.
orlginc, but
on
Sumcrl.an.
rn conelua{on, 1ct us takc thc dcvcrbal" noun rhosc conncctLons Blclfel.dt
6r$lal.n! on p. 2Jj, 0p.Clt.
LGt ur rec thc turklgh rtnllarltlcs:
Ulghurr
kll- - rir!, conc r *Il+f - futurc
kii_ ,
perr
- glvc
f,i- - Llvc
01d Slartct
de_
t kiF-tt - paat
I da-t4- gtft
2 tL-t6- ltfa
Thcroforc, fnon thet pagG, uc cannot say that the 01d sravrc verbar
noun
rufflt
LN
of
Indo-Europcen
orlgtni
-36^
PRONOUNS
I.
Porsonal- Pronouns
Old Slavic: (sing.)
Old TurkLsh:
Flnnlsh:
cf. dia]ect:
azTo=
T
oz = person; you; person; I
u. s.
ltse
Iz.
u.s.
1i, a u.s"
';6 s rrsc
eE.
camot say that the 01d Turklsh word ls a borrowing as we cen 8!e
thabrin the language which ls called Old SlavLc, the truc ncanlng of the
personal pronoun 'raz6 - I tr l-a rr4yse1f, my personrr . Therefore thlc
Mordvinian:
NoLc:
We
elenent ls not of Indo-European orlgin.
(slne.)
t'L4t= yot,
to- = u.s.
LappSl
Mordvini.an:
to- = [oa.
t3-, tl- - u.s.
CheremLssi
to- - rlre.
Votyak:
te- = u.a.
ZytIan:
lr'rongol-ian:
Ei- - llrs.
sl- = ursr
Flnnlsh:
sl-- - urao
Old Turkish:
za/zc-, zl-/ - u.a. etc.
Sunerl-an:
The original anclent forrn ls the Srunerlan. Ttre othcr clcments orlglnate fron
OId Slevtc:
(plu.)
Flnnlshe
Lapp6r
Chcrcnlcsl
Totyakt
l{ongollant
SutnerLant
Old Slavlcl
ze-/21- ) Cheremlss : ta-, t|-
Zyrian : tellongollan: diFlnnlsh/Turklsh: el/seprove
the
Indo-European
otlgln?
What, data can
cs6kc-Botos
nt&4- rc
nc - u.r.
,il - u.r.
- u.a.
- u.r,
na-, ba- - u.s.
mc - u.!. elc,
mc, nfi
rnt
vfd, - you (llungarlan: ttk, tl)
thls clcment ls a eomblnatlon of the pereorul pronowrs t,e+d - tl (yorr)
aa for cxanplc Ln ths Tunguslan language: sii6>6Ua - tl (you).
In aerualtt.y
sli-i ' tc-d... the old slavrc conbrnatron however is: vt(y-i(LhaL ls
tQ,l (ttr'6.
Thc corrcratron of the first crernent of thesc combrnatrons
ln thc agglutlnatrrc Languager r.r uncertarn, therefore Lhls qucstron for
Old Slavler
Notct
thc moncnl rcaral-nr unensvercd. Thc cupposed rndo-Fruropcan orrgrns have not
bccn prorcn by ltngulrttcc.cLthcr...
Thc reflcxlvc pcrtonal prohoun, sc- - nqyself, hlmsclf (lU hag no
nonlnetlrc eacc and no pLural nrnbcr), has an cqulvaront rn rhe cherenlss
languagc: 5kc - nryaclf. Thc Old Sleylc t scbc, !-a thc genlHve easc, ilri
root bclngr ccb- rhlch consLatr of thc rootronl sc- and tha rcflcrLve
aufflx -b. Thls sufftx ls thc posresorva of thc agglutlnatlvo languages
crg. Tunguslanr -bi... Cf. Ecnlln6, Dlc tunqurlschen Spraehen 125"
Nor lct ur lhor thc Lhlrd pcraon of the pcrconal pronouns and lra ehnl
I
dLscua! thc qucstlon of gcndcr eko.rn thrc easc rc shall uge not Lhe
Old Slavlc but thc Serbo-Croatlan cqulvalents. Thus r tha Scrbo_Croat.tAn
pcrsonal pronouns, lrd. perr. rlng. :
.
bhia form.
Hlstorlcal Phonetics:
t)'l-
csSke-Bo!os
nascullnc: on -
he
femlnlnet ona - shc
n6uter! ono - it
lqt ur gbatc that thlc chlrractarlrtlc ls not of Slavle orlgln but it 5616r,""
to tho agglutlnatlve langueger. thc dlfforanhatlon of gencler ls a rr,14 tFor,nt.l.,
constructed rlth bhe denonstratlrc pronoun.
i!.le'
:jd:
cs6ke-Botos
Proof
ts thc orlglnal personal pronount conslstlng of
o- and -n, the pronominal sufflxl
ona = she (fem.) ts the pronoun o-, the pronomLnel suffl-x -n- and the
The on = he (masc.)
demongLratlve pronoun -&;
ono = it (neut.) !"s the pronoun
o-, the prononlnal sufflx -n- and the
de&onstrative pronoun -o.
of the fenlninc pcrsonal pronoun was: o-n-a- r
she-that-there; the neuter : o-n-o - 1t-that-herc....
Or1glnally, the language whLch ras callcd Slaylc dld not havc a
difference ln gendcr. Durlng thc dovclopnent of the languag., ths folk
etynoJ-ogy developod that poselbility. fn thls parti*cular easc, thcy
lndlcated the dlfferencc ln gcndcr wlth dcruonstratl-ve pronoung and thls
latcr spread to the other parts of speech. The abovc elenents cxlst ln thc
agglutlnative ]anguages a1so.
on o-n - hc
c.6.: Serbo-Croatian:
Turkish:
b -he
plural: o-lar they
cf.
on-lar = u.e.
ilanchurlan:
1-he
wibh the pronorni.nal sufflx: l^n - u.s.
ln, lna - u.s.
MongoIJ-an:
xe-ii)*eii)cw - d (hc) root; eHungarlan:
Sumerlan:
e- or a- - 6Ge)
hfin = hc (h- prothesls)
Flnnlsh:
tdith these we havc pboven that the personal pronoun, 3rd. pcrson
of the Sl-avic language belongs to the agglutinatl"ve languages and the
dlfferentiatlon of gender slmply occurs wlth the demonstratlvc Ff,onouns.
Thc ortglnal meanihg
.39'
cs6ke-Botoa
2n Thc Dcnonctratlvc Pronoun.
r) old slavlc:
- thlr (naoc.)
te - u.s. (fen.)
to - u.r. (ncut.)
tf- - thlr
tu- - thatr that onc therc
tc- - thfur tMa ona hcrc
to- - thet'r that onc tharc
tl& - shlt
0%
Flnnlshr
llordrlnlant
ChcrGnls!t
tr8a
.
tnat
Cfr
- thet, that onc therc
tcra - that, that onc thcro
tcdc - hcrf
Czceh!
tcdsr
tuSo
lJ.t.
llongoll.ant
cf.
llorth [orcant
Tungurlan;
lbghuor:
frareni Taterr
Sutr6r1sn!
b)
01d Slaflo!
Old Tutkhhr
furklchr
Jakutl
- \.s. /ttt/
tJc, tc - thrt thcrc, that
tf- - that
tc- - thatr Chat onc thcrc
tbgf, ttgt - thet thcrc
bc 376, 7l - thatr whlch
t'e 139, 27 - thatr rrtrlch
tl-ay ?1, 22 - hct Chat onc
a[
1L
86
iu
3u
.
-
Chat (naee.)
u.c. (fcn)
uolo (ncut.
)
thet thcrc
that thcrc
subu - that
- thlcr that
slcltl - fron therc
Itlnff - therc, over
cc
Flnnl.shl
ef.
cf.
thorc
-40-
c) 01d slavicl
Turklrht
onl[, ona, ono ; that (a11 three
o - thatrthat therc
ana - thatt lherel
csBke-Botos
-tiI*
gcndere)
Word formatlon: Thc 01d.SlavLe dcrnonatratl.ve pronounronrB9 onai ono
provca that thc languages shlch have been decl"ared to be SlavLc, thc
lrd" person of the lrersonal pronoun concs frcm lhe aggrutlnau"ve languages
and the gender dlfferenbiatlon takes placo wlth the demonstratlve Dronoun
-wit,hout any superiority...
3. The Possesgive Personal
Ol,d
Slavic:
Pronouns"
moi = mlne (masc.)
noh.a : moJa (fem.)
moFe : moJc (neut.)
Thls whore consbrucLion ls a genitlve consLruetlon, not a real- possesslva
porsonal pronoun, Jusb as l"n any other agglutinatlve Language. Thus:
mol(mo-l
In thc flnal rnalyrls, thc possosslvc auffixi -l; lo"r baek to the
cuffk, -ag/ak, nhleh formcd the posscaslrc ease andlng es wc
heva rlrctrdy explalned.
The ranc thlng occurr ln the rceond pcrson slngular, the only
dlffcrcnco bcln6 thet rc can rcc the posdesslvc caBc Ln ltr orlclnel fonn.
togcther rtth the danonrtrrtlvc pirttcl"r.
Old Slrvlcr
trol( tv..ol - Jrourt
troJa(tv-ol-a r yourr (frmr)
tvoJc(tv-ol-r - Jrour, (ncut.)
Phonatlecr Sunert"an: -ag)-ql Mongollan: -al/c[)-t
Hungarlan: -cy) -5)-f
Old Slevle: -ot) -1
Thcrcforcr Old Slavle: bvol(tv-oL
Hungarlan! tt-6d
l{ongolLang norln-s* - of the horsc
lfln th" thlrd person, Old Slrvle has no possesslvd pronounrr
sal<l
Blelfcldt, 0p. Ctt. p" flr? rL7L/L n but lt us6! thc fo.llowlng posaesslva
Sr.rncrlan
.r' Tatar:
Basklrian:
allE t tli3r
. , Now let us go back to.thc elrtbdy menLlonJpersonal pronoun in
Serbo-Croatian: on, ona, ono = he .
KaaanJ
conrtruetLontn
rc$o
(masc.)
rl4nt-
hLc eon, Just as ln the Rusrlan langrrnsa.
pronounccdz Jcgo/ lLteral mearrlnn:
Thcrcfore: l€go sYt,A+ - hLc son ,/
noJa(rno-J-a (fem)
noJe(no-J-e (neut. )
The root mo- ls the prrsonal pronoun - I - , as ln any othtr agglutinatlvc
languagc. The sufflx -1 ls the possessive suffix which can erso be seen ln
the Mongollan fanguage:
norin-i * of the horse
01d Slevlc
mo-l - of that.
Llkewlse Lhe Hungarlan word : enyfn (mine) : .ny-6-^, ls a possesslve
construction.
In 01d Slavic, Lhis constructlon ls expanded t,o the fcninine pender wlth
llttle denonstratlve suffixl -a - that.
Therefore 1n that case, we cannot speak of Indo-European origlns.
csSke-Botos
hLa aon (chtfd).
llongollanr
Lnu nom - book hla l.c. hls book
ThLs atructurc l-s not Indo-European end not Slaviee but goea baek to
ldcntlcol forar ln the agglutlnatl.vc languages.
lnalysl! !
lcgo - Jcgo (*6-9-6 - 51t
cf. thc trenacrlbd Rusclenr Ji-r-6lll
Hungartant 6-v-C
l{onqollanr t-n-u/ pronomlnal partlelc
Suncrlant -r-nl/
a
Thc orlffl-x,
lr of
Sumorlan p,oesessive
suff{r, lrd. prrr.
-nl
has a genitlve funetlon"
RogerdL€oc of, ho* nnrch rc obJcct to thls faet, thctlold Slavlctj
Hungarlan orLgln -- rhlch j"a tcrrlblc aven to thlnk oflti
l€io
rllrp
-42-
4.
thc ruffh!
The Intenogati.vc Pmnouns.
Old S1avlc: kt6l,o?
-
Old Elavicr
vho?
Old Turklehr
E'ab? = wh&t,?
Both pronouns.are conpound words. klbto consista of kE? = who?
,
the lnterrogativc pronoun, and -to - thatr the dcmonstretlvc pronoun. rts
lltcral
of Y,fo- ,lr tl,
le forncd by thc paLatallzetlon of k6tt
and also the demonstratJ-vc pronoun -to - that. Thcrcfore lltcrally: rhat-thet?
wc havc secn thc rolatlonshlp of the dcoonstretlvc pronoun
-to - that; nor vc
shall show thc Ural-Attaic s{n{laritlar lrlth rcgard to thc lntcrrogrtiy€ pronorho
rneaning lsthrho-that?rt The cecord word conslsts
the interrogatlve pronoun,
01d Slavlc:
whLch
k/6Lo?- who?/ u1.o-t.o.t/
kon? - rho?
kcn? - wtro?
01d Turklsht
klm? - who, that-rrho?
Turklsh:
kin? { u.s.
Sunerl-an!
kl 46I, 21 - X., X,t = thc one nho, that whlch, xhoeltr:..
what data provcs the atrlctly rndo curopcan origl-n of thes; partlclca?
Finnlsh:
I'Iongollan:
Concluslon:
Slavic:
k,r-4I, ka Fa, kol€ - whlch
Scrbo-Croatlan: koJi, koJa, koJe - [rar
01d Turkish, Ulghur: qeJ'u - u.E.
cf.
qayu-sl - lho anong thcrn?
Ol"d
cf.
Tunguslan:
Llthuanlan:
Senskrlt:
43t_
cs6ke-Botos
haJ? - who?
tis - ursr (Indo- Europcan?)
kinr - rhat?
,The ncgatlve ls formed wlth the partlclcs: nt_ and _ie:
c.8. Cheremlss: nltri ft nt--kit/ - nobody
old Slevlc:
nik€to-Xe - nobody
cf. Turklsh:
hlg kim-sc - nobody
The ne8atlve particre -nr-- cannot be of rndo-European orlgln
lt cxists in Sunerian also: nu 7516 - ncgatlve
becausc
_llk6 - quantlty
ko-ttkb - hor nany?
to-llk% * a! dany as, Bo
tlinrn-llg r about ten thousard
nt? -Iig r rLlr
cs8kc-Botos
csBke-Botos
-+4--
-b9-
Iot
TllE NUriifr,AIS
csBke-Botos
uo repcat that the Flnnlahr edl6c - j.n
Old SlavLct F€dtnlb - t
The Cardlnal Nu&erals.
front of, flrst
pronounccd! J;dlno
b) Statceant.
According to linguJ,etlc reseereh, the ldontlcal fcatureg of the
numerals when compared ln two or norglanguaEies are of declslve l-mportance,
Let us present a few exalrples thet
show thet thc 01d slavlc nunerals cannot
be declared to be of rndo-Iruropean orlgln. Let us dlscuss the numerafs
lr2rl and l-0O which are identlcal ln Old Slavlc and ln the agglutlnativc
languages. Thus;
Old Slavlc:
a)
Thc numaral 2 Ln the language whlch is called Old Slavle is noL of
Indo-Etrropcan-slav ortgln but l,! ldentlcal to tha nuneral 2 Ln the aggtutrn;rt.tva
!.angue6el.
Proof
ltr
p6din%
, l-€dlna, l€dino = 1 (three
d[va, d/6vt * 2 (throe gcnders)
Lr.lot€, trl = 9 (three genders)
sGto - 1o0 (three genders)
gendcre)
Thur, Old Slarle! dtva.2 (nasc.). It j"s elear thet thls nord, ln
orlglnal forrn, 1r nlthout e consonant clustcr. Thcr:forc the inLennerH;rl.r
vor..Ls
6tlll
"rltt.
er ln latln.."
The ncanlng
of thls rord lo not 2 butrrthe followlnq",
.lust.
SLatenent:
In the O1d Slavic languagc, the nuneral, Ir ls not of Indo_European
orrgln but goes back to simirar fragnents 1n thc agglgtlnetlve languages 8nd
actualll' lt has no meanlng as a nutncral.
Ploof:
Leb rrs take the OId
Slavlc:
tedin%
pronounccd: Jedlno
Lhe
root is:
Jedin_
Thlg r'rord is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word: esi = in front of, before, in front
KarJala dialcct I edl6c = u.s.
rJuuo
Therefore, Old Slavlc:
I
edir{c
- the flrst
"JcdInE,wrltton: f€dln%
ld 311+, IO - before, in fronL of, the front, prl,rce
The -j- soiind at thc beglnning of Lhe word ls a protheols...
Thls nuneral whlch ls decrared to be old slavic is not of rndo-European
origln but orlginated from the Finniah. rts orlginal meanlng was not 1 (onc)
but rrln front ofrr or rtthe firsttr, whlch ls logi"r1 because in no language 1n
the rorld do the numerals mean nunbors...
cf.
Sumcrlan:
Hlatorlcal Phonctlcar aan'a)aep)dava - d%va
de{ etold Slavler d%va - 2 l.e" the followtnq
cf, Suncrl,anr
do! L69/213/6/9 o approaehrarld, companton
o) ttatetrent.
Tttc nuncral 3 ln Old Slarl€, tr4l€ tranrcrlbed trlJe * I doas not
trcen| 3 but trthat onc thorcnn Ag ruch Lt gocs back to the agglutlnat,lve
Thua Hongollant
lrnguagcr,
ln thic care thr f{ongollan languager
trrc - thet onc therc (demonstratlve
pronoun)
&eel"
Lttcrary llongollant tcrc - thet onc thcrc
Old Slavlc:
trlaJe - thrcc
PhonctLcc: In the Old Slavlc, thc flrat vorel cllded.
Rulcl
butt
ln thc languagc rhleh lt callcd 01d Slavlc, they dld not eouht
Jcdlnt ( Ftnnlah -edtfe - ln front, the flrst
dGra ( ilongol-!.an dafa - thc followlng
tr4Jc ( !,longoLlan terc - thab one thero ...
1,2,-1,
-\6LeL us now take the nuneral: a%to
ostyak:
Vogult
Flnnish:
i"iordvlnlan:
Cheremlss:
Turknenlan:
Basklrian:-
s6t, sit
sit
sata
'sada
gtd6'
=
-
csdke-Botos
-ltf -
csJke-Botos
IO0
1Oo
' u.s.
e u.s.
- urg
= u.s.
= urer
Jiif,
r u.s.
J38
juz
U zbek:
= ursr
gug
a u.3.
Yakutl
* u.s.
HungarLan:
szL,
Uar2 i!6, t9/lOt - ma.ny, nunerous
Sumerlan:
aA47"g = 3600 / a borrowed word from thc Greeks
Greek:
Phonetics: Xar) sEz r:z relatlonshlp
At the beslnninq of Lhe wrd: Y;5;51
"21
At fhe end of the wordt
rYQt)
d)t)s ....
Accordlng to the above, the {centun-satemrr theory lo a theory
The Ordlnal Nunorals
01d
In Old Slavlcs
Turklsh:
prt&,rtL6-L - flrst; not a numeral, ldentleal f,o Lhe
blr - oner flrst
Turklsh:
blr *
u.a.
Srnerlant
bar - rnal ?h, 27 = f1rstr prLnee
cf, Old Engllsht fonost - flrrt, chlef
rn Old Slevlc thc -t'64 cufftx aets ar the ordlnal nuncrrl srrffrx!
Jctvr€- t?.O -l - fourth
Flnnlghr
MonSollan:
whlch
Turktahl
plrl-t4L -l - flfth
lca- tt3 /o-l - elxth , ctc,
lolfte-n-tc - thlrd
nelJfl-n-t*'- fourth
ntgcn-te - for the flrst tlmc (polysernantlc
qbter-te - for thc second tlnrc
tkln-tt -
cannot be proven.
01d
In concluslon:
01d Slavie:
t6ma * 10r0OO; crowd, throng
xalmuckr
tii^l = ursr
Lit. Idongolian: tiimen = u.s.
Old Turkish:
tiimen = u.s.
Tunguslan:
tunan = u.s.
etc.
NoLe. Bielfeldl, Op. Clt. p. I?I/2I2 mentlons that lhese rrords cannot bc
identleal to tGM - darkness, but he does not menblon the ldcnLlcal features
of the Altaie languagcs otherw"lse what would have become of the Indo-Eu.opean
superlority? Thls ls the rvay the Slavicists work.
Lct us eotrperc t,he guffh -l- alao
Old Slavtc:
pr,6rrb,b -1 - ilrst
v6tor+Cl. -1 - sccorul'
i{anchurlan:
)
sacond eLe.
ftrat
lr-t- thtrd
udtru-l-
tro rldrcnts prclcntd above ere noL of Indo-European orlgln
clthcr but are ldcntleet to clcnents ln the agglutlnatlve languaqes,
?hc
-48-
T}IE FOR}IATION OF THN
csSke-IJotos
Lct us begln with the so-called o-deellnatl-on. Let ug take thelrOld
slavlJtword -grad%- ciby. Accordlng to llngulotlcs, thc ancl-ent forn of thle
word ls the Indo-European worrC, *Sordos , whlch ls a hypothetlcel form and
eannot be found ln any wrltten document.
Thus: Indo-Europoan: *gordos
graal'a
"ola sl*ul"':'
The Indo-European nornlnatl-ve aufflx !.s -os, whlch has dl-sappoarcd from
the Old Slavlc language, more lpeclfleally, the -s has dlsappcared and the -ohas rernained. therefore the -o- bccamo the nomlnatlvc suffl-x Ln words rlth
slmilar endings. Thls ls llngulstlce. Thls supposed progresslon cannot bc
of phonotic reasining. 0n thls basls, the Fl-nnl'sh r+ord
talo - house could be sald to havc en Indo-European orlgin, together rlth
a1l other words cndlng ln -o. The Ol-d Slavlc gradE - city' ln ita strucLure,
is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word talo*house.The accusatlvc ls ldehtlcal
to the nominattve, grad'lr* clty. Accordlng to li.nguistlcar thls word was
proven by any klnd
formed thtrs:
Indo-llurripean' rtqord-on) qord-d)gord-6 * gradG
The accusatlve sufflx therefore has dloappcared. Naturally there ls no proof
of thls prociesslon either. Accordlng to this the word ls untraceable.
Thn plural slgn of Lhe nomlnatl,ve p1ural was Joined to the cnd of
the word by the sign: -2. Thus: x-ot)-i. Thls explanatlon cannot bc
proven by any phonetlc data; however, ln Flnnlsh, we can find a logical
relationshlp. e.g. the f,lna.ill -a- disappeared, makine way for the plural
muna= egg
nun-i-ssa = ln the
eggs
Slavlc: grad-i = cliles
In thls case, the Old Slavlc plural sufflx is -1, which ls identleal
to the Flnrrlsh guffix. In spite of every explanaLi.on of the Indo-Europeans,
ib is clearlv a Finnlsh suffix.
Ol-d
cs6t<c-Bolo;
NOUN SUFFIX
The Noun
suffix -I.
lhus:
-\y
fh6 lrdoTEuri[pdanLaccur.:r pJ.ural suf fLx le -ns e.g. Crctan-cr..kr.Ii.rraV5
-nolreli GoLhlo! Holfa-nc - xolvce.
Togcthcr rlth the flnal voreL l.t becomca -ona, from whleh the Old 3lavlc forrn
1r auppoeed to have been derlvcd.
Thus: -ont )-Ut.
Natural\r'phoncble hlstory has no proof of thls.
Olhcnrlle ths Indo-Europcan clenenta would cxlst ln the agglutlnative )nrr4u,ryr.a
alro. c.6. Crctan-Crcek: .lfiXO-V-grollres
Gothlc:
rolfa-n-s - u,s.
Flnnlsh:
talo-n - housc
llongol.lan: snc-! - mothers
figc-a - words etc.
Ac ve can acc, thc lrdo-Europcan sufflxes ere not origlnal sufflx6r
ln the so-called Old Slavlc Language, but rather ldentlcal to the cor.recforrttrrp
olcnents tn the egglutlnatlve langragest the eccuseLlve sufflx -n arxl t,he
plurel sulflr -c ar! plural aufflxar Juat ar thc plural sufflx -1. Whore
la thc proof to eonbradict thl!?
L.t us uec the aullLxco to eompa.re thc nord grad6 wlt.h Lhe 5ertro-Crr:rt.l
Slngular:
llonlnatlvct
Old slavLa
Serbo-Croetlan
Gcnltlvcl
Datl.vcr
Accusatlvel
gredo
gradlt
grad Brade Sredu grada -
Vocetlvct
gradcl
!lr8dG
Inrtrunentallur':
locqtlvcr
gradon%
gradJ(o
grsdou
el[y
of thc elty
to thc clty
elty
I
gradon - *lth thc
el Lv
gradu * ln Lhe elty
l'lotc! In Sartro-CroeUlanrln Lhc nontnatlve sase, the flnal vowel disal'pcnrr.
Now lat uo show the ldentlcal cLasrentr ln Lhe agglutlnatlvc lanquages Rrrrl
prorc thet the Old SlavLc noun culfLreg arc not of Indo-European or.lplrr.
gradB
The NoglnaLLve Cagc
In OId .jlatle and Serbo-CroatLen,
the flnal vowel dlsappearc.
ef. Flnnlsh:
OI"d SLavLc:
Serbo-Croatian:
talo -
house
' citY
grad - city
Srad%
lt ls
urunarked;
ln
Scrbo-Croat.lnrr
cs6ke-Botos
-<n-
The Genltive Case
The
genitive sufflx in
O1d
Sfavic ls
in Serbo-Oroatian
cf. Czech
Old Slstle;
-&
-Y
Note
In the Czech language, the posscssl-ve sufflx has a dlfferent sound
accordlng to vowel harmony. It can be traced not only ln the livlng language
but also to the vowel- harmony ln rords Lhat have elreadv fallen lnto dlsuse.
The qenitive sufilx in 0l"d Slavlc and ln any Slavlc languaqe, In lts ancl"ent
form, l-s a vowel whlch can be traced to an ldentlcal form ln the Sumerian
language, regardless of the gender of the noun.
The Sumerian genitlve sufflxlg or -ak was crplalned when re presented
the Sunerian possesslve adJectlvc sufflx, the Surnerlan phonctlc hlstory
and the siml-lar elements ln the Old Slavic language. cf. points 8, t.
However, we shal-l present lt again here.
Sunerl,an:
-ag, -ak
Llt. liongolian:
-ap/ -e! : genlttve sufflx
-llr -1
Hungarian:
UrarLu:
cs6ke-Botog
llxample:
-a
-4, -Ur -C,
-tr:
u.3.
-6, -1, -it/ -iz adJectlvc sufflx
-wa, -/c/l : genlLlve aufflx
grad-s - ot the elty
Scrbo-Croatlan:
grad-a - of the clty
Caccht
hrad-u u.s.
but
lca-e - of the foresL .. "
Slovek:
hrdln-u - of the hcro
Mongollanl
morln-u r of the horse
but norln-i. - ur6o
NotGt Thc abovc-mentloncd carc-erdLng -e bclongs to the so-ealled -o,/-.lo
dcclLnatlon, the rnscullne end neuter dccllnatlon; t,he -el -)a decllnntlon
bclng for thc most part thc fcmtnlne decllnatlon rrlth thc sufrtx -24, In
thc genltlve cace.
So 01d Slarle:
gred-a - of the clt.y...
bub
Eor-'t1o - of the mountaLn
Mongollan:
norl-n-l - of the horge
morin-u - u. co
ere
Thcre
no data to provc that thesc clemenLs are of Indo-lirrpeJ,pal
orlBln.
Datlvc
Casc
Ur3r
-we
01d Slati"c:
-ovt / -evV,: possessive adJective
: genitive suffi.x
-a, etc.
We are not golne lnto detall about the ldcntlcal olements ln other
In [hls ces. He rl11- prccent thr relatlonshlp beLween two nourrs:
Brad'f, clty ertd mfi4 - nan. In thc vord mtllo , t.hc flnal sourxl clrrrrgerl
fron tho -[, wlth an frunlautn. Thc datlve sufflx ls: *on/;4/
01d Slevicl
Brad-ou - to the elty
ttSlavicrr languaqcs becauso ar\y gramnar book answers these questions.
Phonetic history:
Sunerlan:
-ag/ -at<) x-a1
Serbo-Croatlanc
Hurrlte:
Urartu:
Hurrite:
O1d Hungarian:
l4ongolian:
Korean:
01d Slavlc:
-/"/t
and
-wa
tauX
.
- to
thc
man
Y
&UZ -U
Czcchr
hrad-u
nuf, -l ard muY-ovl
Mongollanr
qat:an-a
-we
-ey, (folk) : -cJ,
-nak, -nek
-a|/ -elr -ur -i
-91, -,1, -I
-ov'6f -ev'1,, -lt ad Ject lve
et,c. : genitive
'a, -%, '&,
.ou
grad-u
Old Turklgh:
- to the Khan
Rdaq-a - to thc leq
Hungarlan:
nek-e-m
cf.
Western Turklsh:
ostyak:
Urartu:
Turklsh:
Sumerlan:
Korean:
nek-i
na?-e
6.2-"
URU-l-e
ev-e
ki-e
6eg-e
!i.U-e
sarain- e
-5t-
csBke-Botcs
'52=
l,,gegtl.ve Casc:
= Lo me
old slarlc! !b, -6/t\ - Lr\, 4- l/
Aecordlng to llngulst,s, theso elcmenLs nerc fornred by Lhe eombl.natlon ol" t,lra
flnal vonel and the nirlaoc-auffl{'r -$ ) - S an<l -ct ) -1"
llorrever thera l.s no ncccssl-ty for thls dcrLvatlon becattse the flrral
tor€l dlseppcared to Blvc pleac to thc casc endlngs!
grad-6 - ln the clty
o.8.
v
mua-G - ln the man
Scrbo-Croatian: Erad-u - ln the eLtf
v
Dui-u
- ln thr nen
tnu{-t
- l-n tho nnn
Czcch:
but les-c - ln the forest
dub-c - ln thc oakr on the oak
Slovak:
ard
roh-u - ln the horn
gl-6 . Ln the nlght
$unerian:
uru-e - ln the clty
e-sl-a - ln thc pl-acc
Urartur
!rarah-6 - ln tho nan
f,orean!
Ortyakt
;8t-a - tn thc house
llongollanl
f,aJar-a- Ln thc count,ry, etc.
Thcsc crdlnga cannot bc aald to bc eceLdcntal nor ls there n posslblllt.v
t,hat they arc borrc|rlngsS hcrc r.e Bre t,alklng of a gcnetLe ldenlluy, reqnrtllarr
of how loud\y the Flnno-Ugrlc llngulsts obJect to ltl
= to hln
= to
me
= to the woman
= to the clty
= to the house
- beslde the door
= here
= (to) home
= to the man. etc.
As we can see there are no Indo-EuroDoan eharacterlstlca l-n these words.
AccSaLive_Case
01d Sl-avlc:
e.E.
-&and -4 /-o, -i
grad-tb = citX
-4 = man
grad-a = cltX
muZ
Serbo-CroaLian:
niuz-a =
cf.
holub-a =
Czechl
rnuz-e *
t6 v-a
. vY
oag-l
ev-i
ger-l
Chuwash:
Turklsh:
l,tongolian:
North Korean:
^f
Soulh Korean:
cf.
cf. Vogul:
Manehurl-an:
According
ris6ke-Botos
marl
pigeon
man
= nountaln
= u.s.
= house
€ u.s.
InstrunenLal
Saram-u = man
sar*.m-L = uo s.
dog-o = weapon
6or;-u = ure.
jan-a li-rn -
Slarlct
Erad-onfLnuf,-enB
sheep
horse
-ma = accusatlve
Cascg
rlth the elty
' rlth the man
Scrbo-Crratl-ant grad-oo - rlth the elty
nut-em - wlfh tho nan
rlth the cltY
hrad-em Czech:
ltlth
the man
,nuX-cm '
.
tHnlr-An wLth lron
old Turklsh:
yada5 -In - on foot (Ilt. v,tth foot)
Teter
JaJa-un'uosr
puu-n - rlth wood, ete.
Flnnlsh:
01d
sufflx
cf. l,ail.n -lr = u.s. elc.
to these, Lhe ll,ianchurlan and Vogul languages are of
Indo-European
origln...
3
slevlc cndlng 15 ldrntlcel to the casc endlnss of
languag,est -n, -an, -6h1 (n) m)
Thc Ot.d
Lhe
llral-Allalc
*t4-
The
Plural and its endlnss.
The
plural suffix ln OId .9lavlc ls: -i. The equlvalont exanples ln
Fl-nnlsh and Hunparlan are:
Ielircllvs
01d Slavic:
talo-i--ssa= in the house
pu-i-ssa - in bhc trees
lova-lm = my horsegr ete.
Hungarlan:
nur-rn r
grad-'6 = of the cltles
of the Eer rr.
tlmfrig-ln r
tLl-n FlnnLeht
puu-n
Tunguslanr
nd-Je
-
watcr
ihu"-u -
Old Slavlet
Flnnlrh:
whab
r,:
$ad-fr{o - vlth the cltle*
nut-l - ntth the nen
pul-n - nlth thc Lrees
eiGral-n -
wlt,h the guests
,
ate.
pultt-en = of the ttees
Flnnish:
laloJ-sn - of the houses
to these examples, thls sufftx ls not of Indo-fiuropean orlgln elther.
Ipcq0lrc
Old Slavle:
gred.$eh6
urrt-tch&
Datlve
O1d SLavic:
Estonlan:
Hungarlan
men
qldnEfn-{n -
Old Turklahr
ntV,-4o =
AccordLng
gad-E,b - ettLer
Old SLaric:
Iuatrgrontalr
Genitive
OId Slavlc: (elision of flnal vowel) -6'( |t-on and - 4o(:t-1n
csljke-Boto::
Accusatlvs
grad-i = citi.es
r.,X-1 = *"n
Flnnish:
-t5-
Csoke-Elotos
I
Sumerlan:
grado{'I, = to the cltics
muie-rnG = to the men
Jalgadc-nl = to the legs
motetc-nl - to the thoughts
Orosz J6nos-nl = to JSnos Orosz
rni rm-Nl-ri - the boat over there
1m-m1-l{I-gar = took Lhem ovar there
PhoneLic hisLory:
-nl)-m1 = -n%
- tn the cltles
- ln the nen
-agl : c) ch
ilotc a Thc ol"d slavlc sufflx la a compound. rt eonslsts of the loeat.lvo -!iend thc dlrecbl-onaL suffLx -;b.
Aceordln[ to llngulstlcs, t]re old :ilHvlc
aound -ch- gocs beck to the oldcr *s- gound. Therefore our coneluslons
conccrnLng thlg sufflx are coracL ln erery aspeet. hleturally thle eoml,orrrrcl
sufflx alto cdats ln the othol af,glutlnatlve landuageae c.g. Cheremlas, lrr
s rlmllar coopourd fornl -c{ ( -"-t.
Thual cr tupi-eE - ln the nornlng d.v
I prescnt Btclfeldtra oxplanablon of the orlgln of thls Old Slavle suffix
ef. 0p. Ctt. p. 130.0
Tha hypothot,lcal Indo-European xordr rr-olsu
Urarbu:
Old Slavlcs
Urartur
on thet
-$ch%
-esa
Cherenlss:
-.Xr ete.
pagc we can also see the dcrlvatlon of lhe Accusatlvo Plrrrnl srrfflx.
-56*
Indo-European:
Old Turkish:
Mongolian:
-ens
( -en-s
-{n, etc.
-s ...
that ln the languaqe which is called
OId Slavlc, Lhe order of the noun aufflx ls not of Indo-Europcan orl-qln
bccauge that Indo-lluropean origln cannot be proven by eny klnd of llngulstic
dala, but the connectlon with the agglutlnatlvc languages Ls obvlous. Thc
r'Old Slavlcrr langua4e belonps ln the fanlly of the agclutlnaLlvc lanrlrages.
We rnust n€ntion that, ln the Mongollan languaqe, Lhe -s suffix belongs
to the most ancient plural suffixes. Therofore, we cannot talk of forelgn
lnfluence. €.[.! em€-s = womcn; ere-g - men. Also the -n sufflx, e.q.:
amlta-n = l"ivlng matter(plu.); morlta*n - horsemQle Cdlr6eiliiC1tlt', liliai3ef..lr"i:re
are not of Indo-!)uropean origin oither.
According to llnguisLlcs, malnly the mascul,lne and neutcr noung
belong to the above-presented ordcr of sufflxcs ln the O1d Slavie languaqe.
The nouns whlch end ln -a are for Lhe most part ferninlne, accordlng
Lo lingulstlcs. The disslnllarlty of the femlnine noun case endingo, ln
comparison, l-s not due io hisborlcal or phonetlc devlatlon. The fuslon of
the case endings wlth the flnal vowel reaulted ln thls dlsslmllarlty.
genltive
grad-e = of the city
e.g.: masculine:
ri
Ncuter:
sel-a = of Lhe vlllago
gor-ft7" - of the mountal"n
Femlnl-nc I
"
rl
morin-u = of Lhe horsc
Mongollan
In the ltongollan language wc see the orlglnal genltlve suffix,
whlle in bhe 01d Slavlc we can sce how the final sourd and the genltivc
suffl-x created the possible dlssimllarlty, whlch means that Lhe Old Slavlc
language, ln lts origln, has no connoction of any kind wlih the languaqe whlch
ls called Indo-European but raLher beJ.ongs to the group of agelutlnatlve
Now we
can draw t,he concl"uslon
Ianguages.
wrlter seeslAat ln the Old Slavlc language the noun gender
dlfferenLlation is a later developnent. Il developed afLer the Slavic language
broke away from the famlly of agglutlnaLive languages.
The
-r7-
Cs6kc-Botos
csBke-8otos
Thcrefore there arc the -o, *ao -1 and -f decllnatlonsr(whlch end
wlth e consonant). A 61n11-er sharaeterlgtle ean also bc forrnd ln Flnnl.sh
6rf,r -o'-t;-f cte. Notc that thc order of the noun gufflx ln the Old Slavlc
language 10
s hypotheslt of the nodcrn llngulats. IL eannot be proven
wlth any klnd of data that thc pcopLc rho spokr tha tt0ld Slavlef languagc
Gver uscd thla order. Thc orlglnal altuallon eordd lrave been Just as lt
lr ln the Flnnlsh language. Thla natural order Just leter on beeamc the
bssl-c of the gonder dlffcrcnhatlon becauae wr can also say that bhe words
ln the Flnnlsh languagc whlch crd ln the lcbLcr -o are of rrascullne p'enrler,
c.g. talo - house, lukko - lock; thc words endlng ln -a are femlnlne, e.g.
omcna r applc, hlnte - flood, erc,
Ccrtaln klnds of gendcr dlffcrentlatlon ean also bc noLlced ln
Hongollan, cf. Ranstadt - Elnfuhrung... II. 39.
€.g. masc. :
fen.
- rhltc
IagakEln - u.s.
Eagan
noJan
-
Lord
noJakan
kcii
-
- ladt
boy
haiikcn
- glrl,
cte.
Taklng thes€ lnto conoldcretlon, lt ean bc proven that, thc Slavlc
lengrage orly leter on dcvcloped the noun gender dlflcrcntlatlon rrlLh t ho
hclp of the dcmonstratlve pronour, Just as the personal pronouns ln t,he
thlrd pcraon sl,nguilar Lndlcated thc gender,.. In the BuLgarlan lanqunge
there
lc a trecc of thla posrlblllty, a.g.g
Vlak - traln but:
vLak-4t - the traln (nasc.)
and Tlak-s - u.s.
stena - rall
butr rtene-tn - the rall (fem.)
pole - ficld but: potr-to the flel-d (neub.)
In the fenlnlnc rord nr ean see f,he -a endlng whlch ls
tdentlea.l
to the demonsLratlve pronoun (there). In the neuter gender, r*e can.qee tha
-c endlng xhieh ls ldcntl,cal to thc demonstratlva pronoun (herc). Ttra
Bulgarlan folk ctymologr ues unaHerc of the gendcr dlffercntletlon wlt,h
t,he -a and -c oufflxes, t,herefore they addod thc demonstraLlve pronouns -l,n
nrxl
-rQ-
r39-
cs6kc-Botog
talklng 6f a determlnatlon whlch ls an anclcnt
characteristlc of the agglutlnatl"ve languages, c.g. the Sumerlan a1so,
cf. AnOr 28. 9l+b. -e, a suffix rhich lndlcatcs nearncast
gala-e = the (gala) prlest
e-pa-e = the canals, etc.
vlak-a = the traln
Bulgarlan:
Etu-r = the house
Korean:
rrlni = I, etc.
Flnnl-sh:
Rule: In the language which ls called"old Slavtcf the detelrdnatlve sufflx,
ln the eourse of the developorent of the language becamc the suffir detcrmlnlng
Thc, P-eJlsonal Pronoun SuffLf,,_
gender.
Eatonlen:
Consequently, $te are
eg#ke-Fotos
,
ordcr of the personal. pronoun ruffk end lts alemento ln the Old
SlCvle languaqa erc eLso ldentlcal" to alnLLer clements ln the agcLutlnatl.vs
The
languages.
l'loo$natlve
01d Slavlc:
A6 rt ean rcc
az& - I (ltteral
lt la
9cnltlv-c
Old SLavlc:
Llt.
l,longollan:
Datlve
Old Slavlcr
Old Turklsh:
rneanlng
-
rry own, you )
not a truc pcrsonal prohoun.
- lr1nr
- u.t.
frln-u - u.c"
nan-e
mtn-u
- to nc / nA-n!$/
nAt-ar !"s"/M-!-a/
nek-a-n- u.c. I Just the rufflx ls ldcntlcal/
Hungerlanr
and
nek-l - to hln
tlcrtcrn lurklah ", M7 -l - to nc
Urartu:
Unu-l-t - to the clty
6T-e - to the housc, etc.
Turklshr
n,&n-t
Accusatlvc
Old slavlcr
frrfr '
Eatonlant
nA
trC
r lloto
lfotcr The OLd Slavle guffh ls ldcntlcaL to the nomlnatlve bas. ln thc Old
Slavlc language, whlch ls not used ard whlch ls ldentlcal to the sufflx In
the Eatonlan languagc. In both languegcs the personal. pronoun ls urunnrknd
ln the accusatLte cate.
cf. 01d lurklshr dcflnlte fotmr
S*bo-Croatlanr
Tunguslan:
nln-l nen-t r
mln-c -
mc
nc
rn€1 Gtc.
Rule: Neif,her the ordcr nor tha sufflx can bc of rrSlavlcrr orLgln.
*(fr-
csSke*Botos
-6lL
crJko-Botos
InsLrunenial
01d Slavic: with
elision :
Lanut-Tunguslan:
Flnnlsh:
Logative
OLd Sl-avlc:
Mongolian, plur.:
m6n-o-F$ - rlth
me
/r-li/
ml.n-nun - rr.S
min-un = u.s.
nran-a
Jotn:!!g!i3, plural
Old Slavlc;
mG4 = we
Ustonlan:
ma -
Cherendss:
me
mr
ba
Flnnlsh:
Mongolian:
u.9.
u.ar
=
* urSr
-u.s.,
Old Slevl"c:
Ztrrl.ent
C- r UoEr
Mordrlnlant
C- r U.8.,
Nonlnatlvsl L r
etc.
0er.
Det.
Genltive
O,ld Slavlc:
'L/vJA/ - Lhld (masc.)
E/tJc/ - u.s. (o?ut. )
E/ zJa/ - u.s. (ren.)
cf. In coanecblon vlth thla, thc llungarlan deuronstratlve words: ltt, anltL,
anott... (herc, over hera, over there).
Thc root Ln l(oreanr
1, Jc - thlr
Tunguelahr/Gold,/:
8-/ c-, Jc-/ - tr,d.
cf. Hoghuorr
nLGi u.r.
O!ftakt
1- - thlc
c.L lh , th;6
- ln rne
- in us
,Hdrr-t
Djlongtrative pronoun Suffi{og"
Ae6.
nas-r(g
InsLr.
Loe r
CLeo
a4 - u.a"
lego - of thls s€Eo - u.r.
lemou - to thlc lGfiolr r uoco
t - thk
14 - u.s.
ln4- rlth thLg sLrn6 - u.o.
l€mG- Ln thlt
6rrDt , u.6.
thl,s
Datlvg
01d Slavlc:
Ac cusal lve
Old Slavlc:
na+nll
nas-6... etc.
na-dur - to us, ln us
na-rna-yl - us
na--ooa-bar- with us, etc.
Note In this case He have present,ed thc root. The na- root can also bc
found ln the Mongollan ranguage. Therefore wo cannot talk exclustvely of
Indo-European origln. We know the elements of the suffixes.
cf
. Llterary llongollan:
Ttc ruota of both thcsc clementr can be found rn t,he aqglutrnaLrva
Lenguages Just as rc have prrlcntcd thcm. l{a know thc sufflxes from tho
connectlon! elth the noun suf,flleso Therefore ee cen statc t,het, the ord
slavlc language cannot be of rrdo-European orlgln. The lanquage formaLron
rhleh res dcclered to be oLd slavlc in ltr structure and LLs sbructurer
6lement6 ls an agqlutlnatlvc languagc regardlcss of how mueh thrs rs rrerrrnrr.
The gender dlfferenttatlon was also construeted wlth the demorrstratlvr
partlcles here and -!!qre ln the langurge rrhlch is ealled O1d Slavtc.
c.8c
1- thLs (naac.)
l€(lre . thlgl (ncut.)
t4<t+a - thatr (fem.)
Wlth thcse connectlonr re can al-so prove that tho gender dlffererrllal,rrr
ts not a duperlor racl-al characterlstlc but ls a elmple ereatton of
necessLty, conabructed trlth tha ald of the dcmonsbratlvc rrarttcles.
-62-
The Adlectlve
Suffix and the
Comparlson
Csoke-Botos
of
dobr'f,4l = tho
good
therefore rneaning newness and goodncss oLc.
The same
sufflx, with the same structure ean also be found ln the agglutlnatlve
languages:
e.g.
Tungusian:
cs3'kc-gotos
01d slevlel
Ad..lqctiveg.
Note that t,f,u Ota Slavlc language forms its adJectlves wlth the abovepresented -1- and also forns its nouns with the demonstratlve oronoun -i-.
This is ca1led deterrnlnatlon.
e.g. OId Slavie:
nov% = new ,
novr(.4 I = the new
dobr{= good z
-63-
bun-f - the llfe
bakar-T = thc finder
cf. Ramst,edt, Einfuhrung ... II p 80/81
In OId Slavlc, the superlatlve ls cxpressed rith the -L, pronounced: -Jt.
e.8.
slab'1p = weak
: s1ebl61 = weakesi
skor4 = fast
: skor-i8l - fastest
Serbo-Croatlan equivalent :
slabi) slablJl = weakest
skorl) skortJl - fastest
The 01d S1avlc sufflx ln thls case wes forrned by a phonctie fuslon:
-X-le ) lBr
This suffix ls a characterlstlc of the agglutlnatlve languager; therc le
stlLl e trace of lt ln Hungarlan.
Thus, OId SLavie: sIabJbI = weakest
Sebo-Croatlan: slabi-Ji = u.s.
Hungari-an: 6rett-Je-bb ) Srett-c-bb = rlpest
'6reg-je-bb ) 6reg-e-bb = oldest
but:
bc[-Je- bb = furthest ln
fo1-jc*bb = furthest up
In Hungarian, consequently, the ancient cornparaLlve sufflx was -Ja,
-Je, -6, -6, -a, -e, and the -bb however was the superlative suffix. The
cqu!.valent can be seen in the irlnnlsh language: -l-rnba/ -i-mbl , Lhe
Supcrlative sufflix. The -i srrffix ls the comparatlve sulifix but its functlon
has become lndist,inct. Consequertly, ttte'bta Slavlc'rconparatlve sufflx ls
ldentical- to.the Flnnish, thrngarlan, etc. eguivalents.
61ab-tl ' weakclt
Scrbo-Croatlan: alabl-Jl - u.r.
Hungerlan:
fel-Je-,bb - furthegt
Flnnlsh:
huono-l-npa
up
rrorst
'
rn llungar!"an, the -Ja/-Ja sufflxcs have beeorne al.mosL obsolete anrr are
vcry rarely usrd. €.9. bel-Je-bb - furthest in
Itr orlgtnal meanlpg3 bel-Jo ! comparatlve
bel-Je-bb : euperlative
Thc functlon of the aupcrLetlre hes become obsolete, therefore llunqarln.
ules the prefl-x 1eg- to form the euperlatlve.
rn old lilavlc, the supcrlail.ve has no dlstlnet slgn tnrt the preflx: rrrt
ls uaed to lndleate the superlatlye. Thc Old SLavle: nel- E lep- also
cxlrts ln the agglutlnatl"ve Lenguagee.
€of,o Tub.: naJ' vcry
Hakr! neJ - vert
Jakut3 nE.J - very
Thue, Old Slavl"c: naJ-ekor$e - the fastegt
Scrto-Croatlan:
naJ-slabt-Jl - t,he weakcst
Rulc; In the language whLeh l-c catred old slavle, the adJeetlve sufflxen, rtr^tr
rtncture and eomponehts, ar€ ldcntleal to the equlvslents tn the agqluilrrni,tv^
languages, rhleh mcans that the o1d s1sv1" language bel-ongs tn Lhe fnmlry
of agglutlnatlvc lan6;uages.
The edJectlve auffixes are dLvldcd lnto tr,so groups. FLrstl thn norr_
dctermlnaLe end sccond the deterrlnate group.
?he datennlncd bagc conslsts of the root word of the ad.Jectlve and tho
dcnonstratlvo pronoun! t/z J6 /
.rg.
Old
Slayle
I
"
II
gcn!
dobr-a - of
good
dat.
dobrou
- to
good
cf.
OLd
dobr-a-FEgo dobrou- l€mou-
of Lhe goorl
to the good, et.c.
Slarlc:
8lo{bka - of
gen!
dobra
but !
dobra- }llgo Efor'$t a- ]ego - of the gond nen
goort men
*6,l+*
csSke-Botos
-6F-
of Lhe suffix ls obvlous. We have already presented the
identicality of the suffllxca to those of the agglutlnative languaqes.
The determinativc characteristlc ls al-so e charaeteristic of the agglutlnative
languages. Congruence is not only an fndo-European characterlstlc but it
also exists in nrany agqlutinatlve languages, e.g. Finnish, Tunguslan etc.
and we cannoL trace thls back io a foreign LnfLuence. Let us notiee the followlng:
ez/ az/ eraber = lhls man (nom. )
ennek/ az/ embernek a = of thlg nan (gen.)
cf.
ez6/ azl ember6 - belonging to thls rnan
ennek/ az embernek = this nan (dat)
azL/ az enbert. = thls rnan (acc./
ezzel/ az emberrel = wlth thts nan (lnstr.) etc.
cs6ke-Bot os
The use
Shc Nuncrel Sufflxes
l{c shall Just present the follorlng:
01d
Slavlcr Norn.
Ocn.
Dat.
Aee.
Instr.
Loc.
des,grt&
-
tan
dee,ot-t/-c - of tcn
dcsdrt-l - to ten
dcs0t{o - ten
desrtht+-|fi = vlth ten
dos.t|t-t . ln tenr cte.
be denied, as we have seen.
Notc: The NomlnatLve arrd Accuratlve are unmarked ln Slavl.c. The GentLlvr
rufflx te: -1/-c. We know that, from the Hongollan language, the lraLlva
sufflx le also reeo6lnlzable, G.g. Hunqarlsn : nek-i. The slgn for ttre
lnotruncntal eesc Ls: -ff,/
t(-J-t, nasal,, therefore tn Old Turklstr: -Yrr,nr,r"
Thc Locatlve casc cen bc shown ln eny of the agqlutlnati.ve tanquages as wo rrrva
elready seen. The word formatlon, or the noun root, conslste of the nnlrr root:
d?r-, edd:th€ narallzod noun-sufflx -ab/:ent - abstract - ean be fourrl nv,.r.y
th*G ln the agglutlnatlva lenguageg. The llteral meanlng of the root ls :
The Prorroninal Ad-iectives.
totaltty. Thc naln root! dcr-, ln Sunerlan: deU- - together, in oLher worrlr;
the ten flngers together, thc tot,ality of the ten flngers, wlthout nry,'[rrrl.-.
01d Slavic:
European' superl,ority.
Note the Old Slavlc:
dobr-a leso
llT,cfalIy:
.,t.,,t,_
.lo-naK Ova =
++
good-for-hi.s (for his good)
whose idenlity with slmlIar elements ln lhe agglutinatlve languages
klto4rl = whlch (masc.)
kor€ = u.s. (neut.)
=
qayu =
kudo =
kona =
ko61
Old Turklsh:
Cheremlss:
!lordvinian:
The
Thus:
root, as
Naturally, the
u.s. (fem.)
u.3.
u.s.
u.s., etc.
ls : ko-. Let us presenL lts sufflxes.
we have seen,
Nom.
k%{r-1 = whlch
Gen.
ko- fg go = of whlch
ko- l-C mou = to whlch
Loc.
ko-ten6= in which
kEaa-fnG = with which, etc.
Instr.
cannot
Thls root cannot be declared to be excluslvely of Indo-European orlgln. l,re
know the origins of the suffixes, therefore with whaL riqht did llngulstlcs
decrare th6 J'anguage whi-ch is called
.sfavicr to be of
"old
rndo_E'ropcan
oriqi.
tlungarLen
vord : t{a - ten also belonqs hcre.
Tii-[ ViJiiB $UF'r'Ijr'
Ai'IIJ
ITS
TilE TRtsl'I,TT
COi/J,0N!]N,|5
TENSE
Let us
Blelfeldt. 0p. c1t. p. r,85, shows in the forrowing wav the structure of
the verbal suffixes of Lhe Slavlc language:
verb
root
uerbel suf
1ix€_-=_-_l
aorlst suffix
personal suffix (plu.
The wniter
nos
I
the preecntatlon of the verbal sufftx wlth thc
vod-l-n = u.s.
vod-l-{ = u.s.
ved-c-3i
I
ved-c-t6 = hc lcads
suffkcst
I
wil-r present the ldenticar structure in the agqlutinatlvc
begl.n
Pregent tense. Lct ua also taks ln cornparl.son Lhe Serbo_Croatian
conncctlons. Lct uo gce the sloilarltles and dlfferences.
Stng. Old Slavlc:
Serbo-Croatlan
ved-fi - I l"cad
- you lcad
-1 -9 -te = you (plu.) carried
cs8ke-Botog
^67-
csdke-Botos
=66=
vod-l
- u.s.
The Peroonal
Old Slavlc:
-ft
Scrbo-Croatlan:
v,
_s1
languages:
-m
(
-s
-rb
-il
l'fotor Acconllng to lingulsblcs, tho Flrst I'erson sufflx ls : _ X./z
-g/
rhl,ch aupposedly goes baek to thc Indo-European tuffl,x |
-nl, so thaL,
personal sul'flx (pIu.
old iilavlc language tn rts literal meanrng is rn aggrutinatlve
rf the reader, up Lo thts pornt has only cautiously accepted thrs
possibrlity' he now has Lo aceept the proven datal llot only the fact of the
suffixes is obvlous but even the sufflx components are a]go identlcal"
Thus, 01d Slavl-c:
nos-i-s-te = you carried (plu. )
DsLonlan:
lug-e-sl-te = you read (plu. past)
Larrrut-Tungus lan:
dpg-sl-sen = you flew (plu.)
Cheremiss:
ll$-t-ta = you ltved (plu) , ebc.
The reader can not,ice that , for exarnplc, the OId Slavlc _s_ and the
Ural-Altalc coixponenLs -sI, -s-, -5-, -6-, are ldenti.cal, and therefore the
Otd Slavic language ls not of Indo-European orlgln. How ls it posslble that
llnguistic researcl- never notieed these connectlons?
The
ranguagel
8t thc end of the ron{, or together wlth the verbal root, the _m_ sound
beeame
nasalized:
-oqnl/ -e-,nf ) -c-n)-en) -9 or -q ..
rt l"c pronounccd lLkc trc r'rencrr ifln,,:" rmarson'r.fiowever, t,hrs dertvnr.r'rr
cannot be proircn, rhcreac J.n the agglutinatlve languages, the exlstlnq
slfillcrltlct clcarly prove t,hat the slngular fonn of Lhe pregent tpnse
of the pcrsonal aufflx of the Ol-d Slavle languase ls ldenil.eal to ilre cqutvnlorrl
ol"nent ln thc agglutlnetlve Languages.
Tungurian: -ui/ -.nL) -x)-u/ -t , ete.
Thust 0I-d Slavlcl
Tungualan:
Serbo-Croatian:
vod-X - f lead
-Irll1be
btSd-v - X em
ri-n{ - I ktllcd
ri-n ' u.s.
odE-u
vodl-{D*Il"ead"ete"
-69-
=6d'-
2nd. ierson Singular!
Old jlavic:
Serbo-CroaLian:
Tungusian:
cf.
lrd.
O1d
-LTo: vede-t% = he leads
-Dt t Jlrr-et = he eomes
: Jl-ut = u.s.
-d : vodl- he leads
Vogul:
Scrbo-C roaLiirn:
-fi z vanL = he looks, etc.
Mordvinian:
Old Slavic:
Tunguslan:
Oid slavic:
ved-ff = I lead
odE-u -fsha1lbe
veOi-Ui - you lead
* you ki).led
Tungus!"an:
nrdJ-sL
01d Slavlc:
vode-tr! = he leads
VoguJ.t
Jlw- )t = he
Old Slavlc:
vede+n{6 = we fead
Est onl.an:
n4e-me -- we look
Ofd Slevlc:
vede-te = thay led
Estonian:
comes
I'lowlle shalf examine the p1ural connoctlons.
OId illavic.
vode-m? - we lead, vodl-nd = u.s.
vede-te = they 1ed, vodL-te = u.s.
vedft-t%= thcy 1ed, voda = u.s.
Thc plural personal suffl-xes:
0styak:
nd-te - thcy
Jll-tt = you
01d Slavlc:
vedft
Ist. person: 01d Slavlc:
MordvLnian:
2nd. person:
Flnnl sh:
J[e
Bstonlan:
-me; ete.
O1d
LJOLOS
Let us complete the conparlson:
-Si, vede-Yl
-5, vodl-E
-sl, wEJ-sl (you killed)
-s, wi-s = u.s.
Person Sing.:
Slavlc:
USOKI-
Slavlc:
Flnnlsh:
Iistonian:
lrd. person: Old Slavlc:
-te
-te
-te; etc.
Flnrrlsh:
-Itto
-vat
Hstonian:
-d
Cheremlss:
-t
Voeu1:
I,tordvlnian:
I
-t ... etc.
Chcremlss:
Ostyak:
looked
ca&e
-tG = Lhcy lead
tott -t ' they corne
Jtf -et = they corne
pa1l-t = the.y klss, etc.
liule: In Lhe language whlch iB called 01d jlavlc, lhe structure of ttre
sufflx in the present tense, together w.ith lLs components, is idenLlcal
to lhe structure of slnrllar elenenls ln the aqglutinative 1anfluaries.
Let us see t,he dual connections:
Old Slavlc:
vede-vB = we lead (two of us)
vede-ta = the.y led (two of thern)
ved,e-Le/-l,a/ = they lead (Lwo of thenr;
oEtyak:
JlI+nA -n ' we come
Jll-tl -n = you come
JII-IA -n = they come
Rule: 'Thenold Slavl0n 1anflu4ge could not ha.ve lnherited the sufflxes of
the present tense w{th thelr structure and elements from the Indo-Europenn
language because there ls no kind of llnguistlc data to incllcate Lhe exlsLnrrr.a
of the Indo-r:,uropean languaqe, but the wbole structure and its elemerrls nra
ldontical to the equlvalent forms ln the agglutlnaLive J.anquages.
r"7.&
Csoke-Botoa
-7rRuLp: The present, tense of the old slavle Language can be uscd to oxprcss
the future tense, the PresenL Future, Just as ln the agal"utlnativ€ lanRuaecs.
TilI
A0RIST
that I
TUlr_Slt
purposely uglnB Blclfcldtrs cxpressl.ons. In thlr ray, I lntand
to avold posslbrc nLsundorstandr.ngs. Thc ergn of thr,s trtensc, lrt -a-r
so LLngulstlc research carls tt thc nslgnatlc* aorlat tcnsc. Thls parti.clc,
under phonetic change, becarnc -h- ard -S-. ThJ.r tlne we shall erarnLnc thc
s,/h ehange"
I'lotc
tet us compare the Old Slavlc
0slyak equivalenls, past tensc:
TungusLan;
r$ti r apan
b .- - cxlrt,
l'llth the suffLxc
prfr
OLd
Slavlc:
p
tr"i.ve, be
-3- 'Tt
lshort
forrno/
pp /short
forml
p41
pm-s-o-n%
P4'i-soto
PO-s-rqi
bl-s}
-nr
bl.-s b -nrl.
bL-s3
fta functlon ls to
-y11
bi.-s; -p
bi.-s) -c
bl-s .. "
express past actlon"
dual fonn with the
Jl-su-w = we cane
p.4t-s-te
Jl-s-tl
J t-sl -t
/9-s-,{1
prn-"o-JB
Jl-s-mr-n /auaS./
-s-ta
P /9r -s-te
p/n
Ji-s-tb-n
Jl-s-ta-n
Let us noLlco the Estonian connecLlons In the rrlural
form:
luge-si-me = we read (pasL)
StaLementl Thts parH.ele, or tence sufflxo
ls not of Indo-Europcan
orlgln bccause we can also frrd Lts e.qurvalcnt rn [he aggrutrnatrvc ranguages,
c.g. ln Lhe Tunguslan J.anguagoa, Ln VoguL end also Ln EsLrlntan
".. Lct ui
enphasLze that, wlthln thrs etudy, re prcecnt only the correct connccil.ons.
Lct uc begln wLth the aorl.at -s-.
p.l.r,rral and
pm -so-m,7t,
p
am
cs'Jke-Botos
luge-s1*Le
luge-si-d...
l'le can cl-early see the personal sufflx and lts identical components!
rt is lnpossLble to undersLand how the linquisLs faired t,o nobice these
connecLlonsl rhe rndo-European ttequivafentst cannot be accepLecl becrrrsc
they are only a hypothesis, created aL the writins desk!
The rndo-European hypr:thetlcar word: *pEn-s-te = you stretchad (rne)orrt
01d Slavlc:
pdl-s-te = u.s.
Tungusl-an:
bI-s)-g
Estonlan:
luge-sl-te , etc.
Facts uhlch carr be found ln the livlng 1anguarle have weight: tho sl4l
of the aorlsL tense 18 not of Indo-Eurofean orogin.
We can prove how nuch thls elernent, the -s- formanl, belongs to l;1r,,
agglutlnative languages by exarnlning the slruclure of the anc{errt Flaster.rr
languge, the Hurrlte langurrge. cf . Diakonoff, Op.Cl.t. p. LI5/2 and p. l;)./:
-^V,-, -iY-, -oE-, -uE. . These sufflxes, accordlng to linguisLics, ar. t,lr.
sign of the I'erfecb or Preterite tense.
e.B. adi-nl-n t,aie-n idd-u/o"z-l-a = therefore thaL ls m.y gift. Lhar, was
d'en/a/-ttt-/e/n pa9E-u/oY-i = and now mv brother ha; jrrsL ir.r,.
Consequently, Lhe linguistic forrn of the langiraqe which ls crrl Irrl
OId 51avlc, the trsigniaLlctr past tense, ls not of Irrdo-flrrspean or.iq1n, trrrl.
ldentlca] to equi.valent forrug i.n the agr;J-ubinati"ve lanruages.
undu-nu-an
carrl
(,r.r..
42Old Sl.avLcc
llstoni.ang
Tunguslan;
-s-, -Y-,
-s-, -s1-
-??;
ce6ke-Botos
O1d SLavie:
-e-, -s1-, -hl"-3-
Hurrlte:
-u/ot-o
Istonlan:
Old Slavic:
ehc,
The ldentlcal"lty l"s undenlablal
But Let us contlnuc the eonparlaon" Ac re havc already mcntloncd,
tho Old SLavlc aorlst sl.gn ehanges undcr certaln phonctle condltLonsg
s)h
s)g
fhe
aamo
pocsl-bl.ltty aLso cxlste
Udlhe: sl> ht
e.g. Old ilavlc:
Udlho!
and
ln the tungusl-an
ni
- I spokc
tE-frl-rnL-!cet
rt-cho-o0 - r.o spokc
t5-h-u - ra sat
rt-r-tc - you apoke (plu.)
t5-tr-u - you sat, (plu")
t'b'X*, - thcy spokc
tE-ht-tL r ft,[6.y aat
cf. Chcrenlssg
il.i-d-na - I ltvcd
f$-Y-ta - you l-lvcd (stne.)
rr3-Y-t, - he ll.vedr ctc.
Rul.cl Thc Lrnguage whlch ls cal-lcd Old Slavlc cennot be an Indo-Europtan
nor a Slavl-c lanquage" The atmctural- cohcrorrce of the Old Sl-avle 1-angua6c
can bc declphcred onl-y by comparlson vl-th the agglutl-naLlvr Languagec and
langnages uhose sLgn
to the pret,erl-Ce
ls: -l--o/-a-o -e-e dte"f
rrs!.gmaie,
nhleh ltnguLsts
of, t'he agglutlnatl-ve
q-l
nIg-i-rne
n5g-1-te
JB-eh-u
dcfLnltely not t{lth the Indo-Europeen J.angurrgcsl
l'low I wll^l present the eoni-st tenee wlthout the
havc declared to be unnarked"
pad- = fall : MordvinlanM: Fal- = ki€s
nig- = look
Mordvinianli: Pal-a-it
pad-'lo
pal-a-t
pad-e
pal-a-X
pad-e
paf-a-rng
pad-o-m?p
pad-e-te
Pa1-a-d€
pa}-a-dt
pad-ir
nig-1-n
Ilstonlan:
ndg-i-d
Languagcs:
tx
Statcnent: Thls tense Ls Ldenti.cal
s#ke-Bc.los
lrooj!:
-ch-
Cherenlss:
c
nig-l-d, etc.
The aslgnatlc aorlst tense ls ldentlcal to the widely used JrreLnrl l.a
of the agglutlnatlve languages, therefore we lndlcate it wtth t,lre :jarrrn lr r.l. I ,. l.,r I
-l-f'. -a-, -e-, etc./ Let us compare lt wlth the 01d 5f avic :
pad-e = faIl.r
Ol-d Slavic:
Ilstonian:
nig-t = neze! (Hung.) = Look!
rn olri slavlc also, the personal suffix has disappeared' cf' with t'lte nl"rv^'
We do noL even mention the Hungarian connectlonsl The groupinqs of t,lt''
past Lense of bhe "Old Slavicrr.language are ldentical to slndl'ar qrorlllrr/"r
of bhe Chererniss language.
to]-3 -n = I came
Cheremiss: asignatle :
01d Slavtc: asigmaLlc: pad-% = I fell
i13-!$'-m = I l1ved
Cheremlss: slgmatic:
pa-s-G = I spanned, eLc.
Old Slavlc: signaLlc:
I believe thaL llnguists flnall.y have to adrntL that Lhev were t,"trll
rnistaken when bhey deel.ared the"Olcl ilavic"latr/luaqe to be of fndo-li,tr.l,r'rrtt
origin.
Nobe:
=l\tHli
b{P[,rtFIrCT
Its
ai.gn
cadkc-Botoa
THE I,I'1PL]}TATIYE
rn the old $lavic languagc, thcre lr e past tensc callcd the nrnpcrfeetn.
lsl
€r$e
-7r-
-ach .."
dela-aeh-% - I
"
Orocs/Tunp,usLanc
rA'-ha-n
}4OOI-}
In 01d Slavic, the sufflx is -i
-t)-J ) etc.
Suncrlan:
-{7 -a, etc.
G.g. Sunerlen: Yu-zu luhh-{ = wash your handsl
cf. Poebel, Op.Cit. ll67t+-6gl'
OId Hungarian:
rnrt;i-l - mutasd - show!
gyer.c - comel
Hungariani
urxdo
dBlt-ach-%-Irccoycred
vldB-actr-4b
Udtha/tungusian: ga-xl-nrL =
wi-ha-rnl *
Cs6ke-Botog
- I satc
I recelved
I kttled
-
orlgln of thls sufflx le the abovc-prcscnted arlgmatlc paat
bensc sufflx -1, etc. and the c!.gnatte paat tenrc aufflx, -s. Thcrcfore lt la
a coslDourd" Thlg means that thls suffl,x i.g not ttrndo-Europeanh ctther but
{t ls a sufflx whlch ls stilL usad ln two agglutlnatlve Languager" lrlatureLLy;
neez-e = takel
popu]ar:
The
Suncrlan:
hcre wc have present,ed only the reqular connecU.onee but thc detatted
orplanatLon la the task of further rcsearch.
rrOld
Slavlc":
- go!
leI-J - 1'1n61
{.-J - wrltet etc.
gln-a - got
zlg-a - get upl
si-sd-e = Ieadt drivel
badd-u - runl
nes-l = brlnct
dvlgn-l ^o,ru,
dBlu-l - aot
r6e-l - say, speak
men-J
pomodz-l = helpl
cf.
Fed-i-te = eatl (plu.)
cf. Hungarian: J'6v-e-tek = comet
The slmilarlty and rdentlty are so obvlous that it is amazrng thal
linqulsts did not notice then, or maybe they rlld not want to notl.ce Lhern.
The rr01d Slevic'r
rs not of
rndo-European
brL6-l! = be, exlst, live (alxlliary verl;)
origin either but ls ldenLleal. to the verbar form
wldcly used ln the agglutinatlve languages.
-f6*
Thus, Tunguslen:
bL-
- bc, cxlst,
Thus, Old Slavlc:
l"ly€
bii- * ber exlat
cf.
bayl- - o.t"
SunerLan:
bar 7lr, 56 - u.s.
!t|e r11l present the suffixeg of thc l-rregrtlar verbs from rrltten
Llb.
aerbo-Croatlan!
Jesam
-
documents.
u.s"
Jcsl
FCs-t - he ls
the
Je
J6stc
I *t - they are
Jcsu...
In the 01d Slavlc languege, Ln Serbo-Croatlan and ln othar Slavle
languagcs, tn slmilar formatlon, the J- eound at the begLnnl.ng of e rord
is a prothesls" Thc fonn wlthout thb protheala exlstr, for cxanplen ln thc
c
Vogul- X.anguager
trgrr
E-ea
-rn
-r
Gcrmansl
cernan:
Korean:
Jesno
analyzed:
arn
o
lst ( f-s-t
ltta( i-s-ta (f-st-aa
Thorefore : German: isEngllsfr: lsKoreani lsi( t-sl-l I t
Inportant. The Indo-Europcan llngulstlcs exaggerated the hlstory of
Ianguagcs called Indo-Europeanl
The tlme of realizatlon l-s herc ...
Past tense, OId Slavle : bt-ch-,6 = I was
,lr
oo I
'youwerc
ut J
thc
J-c-s-m€ t $C-Enb ""
Thl.s verbal fcrm ls not, of Indo-European orLgln but Ls l"denH.caL to
equlval-enL form ln the agglutlnatlvc languagcs" Thc root is : e-
repetltlvs sufflx ls -s- , ri.del.y exlsting ln the agql_utlnatlvc
I te-sz (does)3 le-az (rlU b€).
e"g. llungarlan
wag
bt-de-s = you
eufflx
Scrbo-Croatl.an:
The
=hewas
Tunguslan: bt-5i-w = I
repetl.tlve sufHx
nold Slavlcrt:
Lhe
I
word root
personal,
e-
o-:cf.on=ls
}{ongo11an:
e- ! cf. alu = u.s.
Hungarlen!
a- : cf. l-s ... etc.
cf. Koreani
lt-ta( lst-da(1-si-da = lsr exisLr live
The root ls: l-, the repet,etlve sufflx : -sl"-, the vcrbal norrn sufllx: -l.t/-rltr
'Ihe Ol"d Sfavic vcrbal form (tense) is not llnked Lo the JncioEuropcan connectLons. Thc Koreans dld not borror the verb - to be- fr,rn
Flnnl-sh:
MongolJ.anr
cf. Blelfeldt, Op.Clt" p. 2o2/t26}
€.8.
:
lcs{&=Iam
cs6ke-Botos
-77-
cc6ke-Botos
1anguaqcs,
were
bt-6e - he was , etc.
Herc we noLe that ln the rrOld Sfavlcn language, the verb -to ba b'l't - forms tho future tensc rtth the sufftx -de-, l-n spite of the facl;
Lhat the Indo-IJuropean llngulsts dld not wanL to or do rrot wanL to noLice tr,.
The cquivalent of thls suffix ls present in the Tungusian lanqrrarqe:
-at!-, -aLI-, -dU*, -d1-, ctc., the sufflx whlch lndleates the future Lerrse.
Old Sl"avle:
b8d- = I wlll be : Tunguslan: bl-dii-m
Slovak:
bulp-m = u.s.
Serbo-Croatlan: bude-m = u.s.
cf0'
Cstkc-Botoc
'TIM VERBAT, NOUNS
L.
Thc 0onttnuous AdJectlval Vcrbal lloun (Prcrent,
Partlelplc).
Let us take thc n0ld Slevlen aufflx fornatl.on.
Gcnltlve alngrlers
I. vcC-htt-e - of thc lcadcr
IIo zna- hS Ut-a - of th6 c:pcrt
III. ehval-,o5t-a - of tho praircf
Thcraforc thc sufflx i.c c 1. -/tIrr - l-r$It- - -Jg{t-
a.
Lct
us cxanLne
thc flrst,
-?9-
Thus, Surnerlan: sag-ba1-E-Darn - belnq, exi.sting...
g1-nun-dl-Da-in - gcreamLnq ...
= bulldlng
let-tl-i1A-Dam = looklng (raisinq the eyes)
dU_Dam
Hungarian; -end/-and
,Old Slavlc!
-h5r -
f,ormr
rn.- F85f"-o#- dth knorlcdge
to the atetementg of llngulrtro the foroantc -rrn$t- r.rfiftto the Indo-Suropcen slencntl -J9-nt-1- --JontJ-r ln rhleh
thc consonant group t,j ln "Old $lsvlc[ boearnc St, t tJ) 5U (tnrcrted ordcr)"
-Jg-nt-1-
-Jgrl-Jgtt-
transcribed:
Hungarlan:
Question:
lt lsnrt?
-:-o{U
- irnYt-"tit- e ruffh
any
wrlttcn
documcnts
...
why
ve1- ft 5t - eorunancllng (Hung. parancsoland)
veO-S$t : leading (Hung. vezetend)
ved-JonUt - Ieading (Cermanl fiihrend)
foly-vist - ffowing (Oerman: fltessend)
biz-v'ast - trustlng (Gennan: vertrauend)
fut-v6st = running (Gervnan: laufencl), etc.
calt this ttord sravlcrr language 'rndo-European-slavlcr
wlrerr
Note: The above-presented suffix in O1d Slavle, Lhe -.ionXt-/ -Jg{t-1
cLustcro
Llngulc0s rtated that ihe Old Slavl.c suffli Bors back to tho Indo-Eunop.en
parttclplal aufflx -nL-. Wa reJcct thls and tte 6tatc thet m do not knoy
of
JgXt
Thls sufflx also exl-sts ln the Hungarlan rmetathesls".
nold Sl-avlcil.
zan- |EEt = knowing, (Iiung. trrdanct)
-JontJ-
thuss
andi
fl-netr Iy:
nrttgen:
and:
*_J_oi,_J_
*-J-ont_J_
Accordlng
gocs back
Illuotratlons
* determlning t,he fate ...
(partlclpialfornant)
nam-tar-rE-De
thereforer Sumerian: -ed
* -3it-
-rBJt-
cs6ke-Botos
ln xhlch thc exlstcnc" lGro
ruppoacd$lndo-
Europcanllforraant could be provon.
lfc provc thet thls cufflx ln lts hermony, fornttlon, loeetlon end funetlor.r
gocs back to thc Sunerlan partlel^plaL aufflx -cd" ?he nasal forn Ls a
later dcveloJroent of, Old Slavlc"
ls only used ln the suffi.x form. rt doeg noL apnear in the nomlnaLlve crire.
lilavlc nomlnalive form ends ln a vowol which assimilatecl Lhc sorrrr<l
of bhe verbal sufflx.
Thus: ved-'/o.|g = vezet-5 * leaclcr
zna- l-r'fi = ludS * expert
chval-rgr -- dteslr-8 - praiger, etc.
Thls sufflx is also identical to the r+idely used equiva.lenL in the aArlullrlt.lva
languages; Thus : flnal sound plus sufflx:
The Old
tt-v-v)
-vr
tt
-\6
- l-rfi /-niaLvs/
_$l
in Lhe agglutirrative Ianguaqesl -fl, -1, -Y, -o,
-s0-
Sumerlans
SaYtugtug-"-r"
u-a
kl-beL-a
{-^
Hturgerlanl
Lssz-a
szagl-a
sziil-c
HurrLtc:
Un-e
tad-ug-ar-i.
Urartu
lbrdvlnlant
Flnnlsh dlal-eetr
LappK :
Old Slavlc:
2.
!a-1-n5
paL-I
Laula-|
6lLrs-1
4
co8kc-notoc
- to the hcarer
- providor
- rebclllng countr.y
- encestrt
- drink
- snJ.ff
- gtvc blrth
- f,uture
- l-over
- buyer
- klsscr
- 61ngcr, rLngLng
r gwrlLolref
rn the Mongollan ranguage, thls s'ffix
kele- gsen =
Tunguslan:
MorphoJ"ogy,
in the forlowrrrr
who canie
who spoke, said
=
kek-{e
01d
Slavlc:
ono who dld
-rb\-v
Tos-
dongollan:
-[aan/ -gsen
Tunguslan:
-k!a, -sa, *Ya, -Ei, etc..
Note: This sufflx ls identleal to the above-presented _s_ preieritc atltflx.
vd-VG- ledderr ctc.
3. Perfect Partlclplo
In trold Slavlc'r:
-I% is the sufflx
c.g.
da-Ir|o= glven
'
b1-1% = htr
dbla-lfa - done
Vra-I,b = bouqht, ele.
Mongollan:
-1uf al-liige : -Iu-f,a
a). -gs- /rooI.s whLeh crd tn consonanbs/
b). -rV;- /roots nhlch end I"n vorek/
Gcnltivc;
a) vcd-!J-a !v,vcd- - lcad
b) zne-vt I-s ! tna- - knor
Phonctlcc: The 5-sound f,omatLonc sJ> f
Trrnguslanl Ja/ -Ei
am+d ' conre (has come)
diarn-wEa - takenr bought
01d Slavlc: zna-v,gJ - cf. above .".
-Iar/-Ie!
-Iaf-Ie
e.g. Llterary llongollan:
yabu-lu{e = laft,
ilkii-le-gel - dted
Fron theec faets rc can aoncLudc that the forms prasentcdu*&r polnt a).
cxprcss ectlvc ectlon, vhereao undcr polnt b). thoy are passlvc. Wlth the
tanguagc comparl.son, $c can solre thc aa
norphologlcaL connectLons of the 01d Slavie tenscso".
ean be found
In WrLtten Mongolian thls comblnatlon cari also be found:
yabu-fsa-far = tho onc who alreariy ]eft,
Xhal-kha-Mongol.lan yaw-s6r = u.s.
The Pest tcnre AdJectlveL Vorbel t'loun (PasN Partl.el.plc)
of the Tun$ralen
L,SOK.-t-JOLo3
combj.natlon: -{san/ -gsen, perfect noun
e.8.
yabu-fsan - who arrived,
The slgns are3
hel"p
-ol-
yrt
umcsolvcd
nede-l-ii-i? I*r al"kha-Mongo
Kalmuck:
ll
an
di.d he/she
Yawa-lf = left
- u.s.
bl-lE = been
bi-fil = has he
yow-1-d
been?
know?
.6tr-
caSkc-Eotoa
c
Blelfeldt nont.lons , Op. Ctt. po 228e that thfu auffLx la ldentieel
to th. adJcctlve sufflx -1% c tn Old SlavLe.
r.8.
gnl-lrl - rottsn
ztbr'i-lr?o
.
rlpG
Therc connectlons elso exlst ln the agglutlnatl,ve Languagesr
[ongoll.ant tent-l - aequdlitddo ltnown
Chuwashl
tufu-l - eslf I to celvc
xir-lD-red:flirshcd
Turklsh:
osa-l-bad:ncgl.ected
y*r1-rl sevgl-ltr
reglsterod
lovcd, ctc"
-
that i.nportan0 auffh and lts atmcture ls not of,
but i.t belongo to the aqglutlnatlvc l^anquagca end
ls llngulstlcall;r chsract,erlstic of thcn. Thc language v?rlch ts oalX.rd
trOld Slavlcn cannot bc of Indo-Duropaan orlgln becausc lta ttrueture
ls ldentlca} to bho egglutl.natl"ve X.anguagea&
Consequently
Indo-European orlgln
5. Passlve Preterltc PartlclPle.
Old SLevic:
e.8.
ved-en'16
AdJoctlvaX. Vcrbal- lJoun.
!r0ld Slavlcr';
e"8.
nero-frl/fr
OId Turklsh:
l.lordvlnian:
Cherendss:
Korean:
Turklsh:
notr"l-nlb = bc8gcd
vedo-7tl1' - l.d
ptJe-m% - wr!.ttcn
yaz-ma - wrltLen
old l\rkishl
ChcrcnLsa:
c.8.
-m%
*
takan
as-ma - hangcd, hun6
kfis-ni ' cuO
bar-nna o passcd, Loft
tcno-n$ - f'l"lled
rudlo * cmtu notched
-
1ed
re6-en? = sald
Old Sl-avlc:
lr. Thc Prosent Tense PessLfr
'ntlo, -antTor'en'(a
nes-en! = takcn
Turklsh:
Hungarlan:
tol-un
tiig-iitr
kado-fi
pala-6
kando-r{
pul-n6
Eug-ln
sa-n
- fullr fllled
- knotr knotted
* lefLr abandoned
= kisscd
-
broughL
= been
= dead
= shoppedr etc.
4V
raspnr -t'6 - stretched otlt
kl,q|-trA * eursed
t*r-t4r = harvasted
povl -t tlp - rolled uP
siipr-intii * garbage, svrapL
kur-untu - concelted
bula-ntY - disturbcd r mixed uP
kifesz{tett = stretched out
6tkozoLt = cursed
bek6pzett = concelbedr etc.
,II{E SUPIN!]
Old Slavie:
e.g.
-L
@
viat-t% = in order to see
Iovi-t'la = ln order to eaLch
O-da = in order to become
Tungusian:
Sufflx cl-uster: taj-d$J = Lo read
tik-t{ = to fal-lr etc.
This suffix ls not, of Inrto-European origin eiLher'
sdke-BoLos
-.ti4:
caSltc-Botor
-BJ-
csdkc-Botos
I?ts PRSTIIES
The language rhlch
Suncnlan and HungarLan.
OLd
Slavtcr r/
b/
k callcd r0ld Slavlcr
ur6c pn
vG- - ln
O]d Sl_avlc,
v{n- . in (rlth rorelc)
po- r to
Sumerlan:
Hungarlan:
e.g.
cxsmplast
"/
Hungarlan:
Suncrtan;
llungarlanl
llungarlan:
SunerLan:
Hungarlant
b/
llurgerlant
Suncr{.ant
llungarlenr
rf -vectl i to lcad lrr
bc -vozeL - u.i.
ba-a-tu - to drrop ln
bc-t6rt - u.s"
va-ie{w-bllghtflrc
ta-gr(1t - rtrlo
b{-ct-rt r he putr it ln
va@-vfbtt . to put ln
bc-dug - eolc
1'o-mazati
Sumerlan:
IlungarLan:
Hungarlan:
Hungarlan:
thcrc
- to annolnt
bc-kcn; bc-oizol - u.a.
n6-U{-ric. hc guldcd thr rhlp ln
Uc-{r6rrfft . to guldc ln
po-mrdlnttl - to frccac
bc-falpr r g.g.
$uncrLanr
ba-gln r hc rsnt there
po-ouEati - lnstruct
Hungarlanr
be-tanft - u.r.
Suh*lan!
ta-nl-s( - he sprlnklcd it onto lt,
Hungarianl
be-az6r, negsl6r, stc. r cprlnkle
Thc Sunerlan-Hungarl-an ldentleallt;rt
ba-, bfba-/b.- oo,
Hungarlant
flxo, llk6
Phonetlcs: b) v and b) p ..,
I belleve that the identlcality cannot be denled.
called rrold Slavtc? is an agglutlnatlve language ...
ou- = away, from
alel- ... Phonetics: I), ...
ou-rtzatl = to cut off
al-bal-bal - break
ol-tbrte
ou-krestl- - steal
el-lop r 616s1
ou-m16 knfttt - to grow dunb
eL-n6mu1 = to grow dunb (stlent)
ou-chodltl - le&ve, go away
HungarLant
e]-negy o lcaye
Sumsrl_en!
al-t11
Hungarlan:
etd5l=to fall
Sunerlan:
aI-hebb-a
Hungarlan:
e]-rothadt - rotten
SuncrLen:
al-hu1-hul
Hungarlanl
e1-6tkozott - cursed., etc.
The language
o66=
Cc6lo-Botoc
_81-
u 9o
K
e-bo
r.o 3
PHONETIC HISTORT
Surnerlan:
- }ord
g1!, geJ, 29612 = man, lord, prlnce,
OId Slavlc:
lgo = yoke
01d SIaILle:
The Congonants.
Thc
lnltlaL
and
final
g-sourd
of thc root,"
cf. Iatln:
Slavlcs
Scrbo-Croatiant
Old
tha rootr
cf"
OId Indlanr
Suncrlan:
cf.
ef.
govfirla4a
govcda
- cattlc-
(adJecttrc)
gh€ noots
cf"
OId Slavic:
boe =
8a61...
glrh 297 rJ - ox, horncd eattlc
E.td 297ti r role
Llt.
bo/da = maJesty, royalLy; maJestlc,
boX;daz - u.s.
bo/da = Godr salnt
ovcn
gur, 46"5 r
ovah
BtrU 43Or2 ' oven, atovc, fl.rcplacc
kur, L21 126
IJterary liongoLlan: gal - flrc
qor-ur- - hurtr burn
cf.
gul r llght thc fLre
Lanut-TungueLen !
golomo - flrcplace
cf.
Phonctlcsc
Ilungarlan!
zugoly = nook, recesg
diafect:
d uosu
- u.go
el t,hc end of, the root r)1 """
olunta
gularnta
Mongollan:
0styak:
cf"
?tr
fr\ ErbI'Tt = an81e, corner
nG-
uesr
Coa
01d Slavic:
Serbo*Croatlan:
Llt.
Bor-o$orn r
l,longollanc
Ulghur:
Sulyuan:
fi
golttt - to burn
gr%
l(lrghlze
Mongollan:
01d TurkLsh:
Chagetal:
Uighur:
cf.
SuncrLan:
lugwn = u.s.
ugunr 35Ot2 = border, mounting
go-vc-
RussLan:
soneone
- cattLc (collcctlvc)
*uX, 32916 - u.e"
Thla word La taken fron the SumcrLen and thcrcforc doce not orlglnatc fron
the Indo-Ewopean languager" W. havc to nantlon that thc Suncrlan: OllD
- dX.vlnlty ard thag the EnglLsh s COD and the Germans @TT - dtvtnl|y
are also taken from the Sunerlano
Old SJ.avlce
Swrerl-an:
gospod{a
heavr:nlv
ugal 5 u.s.
szugoly
s6gir - u.s.
sii
r;1r = u.s.
sa?lr - u.s.
sigu{" - anglc
3oT, so? * eornerr h111
Notc: In Old Slavtc the s-sound at the beglnning of the root has disnpl,onlr'l;
etructurally, the root together wlth the sufflx ls ldentical to the
Hungarian
word:
6td St.avlc:
I zugoly
I szugolY : -lY = 5ug"1x
v$eVI% | -I\a = suffl-x
-88_
The lntt,lal- and fl.nal" k-solnd
csSke-Botoc
of the root.
,89-
O1d
Slavtes
Turklsh:
lllddle Turklsh:
Hungarlanl
Slavlc:
Cr8ke-RoL."
pekf,r = I bake
r.pek-ti =
Old
Ancient Slavic:
01d
TunguslanrGold:
peku = heat
pekusl - hot
Olcha:
- hot
peJ-tl = bake
kLtstl - to Lay, to load, put togcther
qal.a- - to put togethar, aeLdc, to ley
kaLa - to plle up
kelensra - shock, ptock (of corn)
In OLd Slavlc, the e-sufflx ls thc repetcH-vc suffk.
OLd
$lavlc:
Sunerlen:
Hungarlan:
Thls word went
how nuch
ktloEo - kry
kul /2rB - cLose, lock
kul-csol. : -csol - repetetlve eufflx - clesp (hands)
kul-cs - kryi hebarcs - nortar
fron the Hungarlan lnto the sLavlc languagca regardlcse of
the Flnno-Ugrlc J-lngulst,e reJect, thLsl
01$ Slavlc:
analysed I
Turklshc
OId
Osman:
Chagetal:
Sumerlan:
9ld $lavlc:
enaLyscd:
Scrbo-Croatlen:
Hungarianl
l.longollan:
l(alnuckr
Suncrlant
Letln (?)r
The anelent root
kovail - to
lcov-a-tl.
-
f,orge
ltuJ-€-m
- I
forgc
kuyuncu - Jcreller, gol-dsn{th
quy- - pour, cast (netal)
quy- - melt mctal, pour
ku, 1168151 - preelorr<actalr rorker
r u.r.
po-koJnl - dLcd" dcad
huny, el-huny - cLoae your eycs,
eonu- r aleep, atay overnlght
;1ono- - u.e.
ku- cenmt bc of
Old Slavlc:
Llt. llongolian:
peku
peg 354, BB = burn
Indo-European
dl-c
tlndo-European"orlgln"..
- paLch, dl.rt
Kalnuck:
Xald8?= u.s.
Old Slavlc-:
kr7rvt = blood
Sunerian:
Llt. llongollan:
guru, gurun, kurun JJ2, 22 - blood
qor-qa? e pus
Chagatal:
qurda5ep =
The supposed Indo*Europcan
boll on a horge ...
orlgln of
Lhe O1d
znatl - know, inforn,
Slavlc
z_sound.
teach
zna-tI
a/ zu 6, l) - know, recoqnlze
b/ gi 85,&0 = u.s.
Hungarlan:
z6-gat, - lnform
zu-vo1 = qossip, twist words
l'honetlcs: The vowel of the flrst syllable disappearecr. rn ..iunrerra,
both root words exist: zu and gi. Therefore we have no need of .rnv
Indo-European explanati-on.
p€ecc
orlgin either.
kal% = dirt
qaldag
Suncrl-an:
!"" - r€st
- fart, rlcep,
cf. 01d Slavlc:
cf. Stllerlan:
Thls word ls not of
analYsed I
po-k6J
gule-s
pekusl-= to be hot
Old Slavlc:
pokol - retb
po-kol
bake
*90*
ThctOl"o Slavletanclcnt
crdke-Botoa
f,ornl a6ne.
SunertanB
Sunsrlan:
il.
'(lrfuqt-6fi1- I
Greek:
O1d
Turklsh:
$lavlc:
tr{rno - corr
cf. Llbhuanlan: 61"n1s - peas
Sunerlan:
zat \jlr2 - 6paln, corn
cf, Akkadiane ,6ru = sccds, sor,rlng, shoot
UareG - graLn
Kalouckl
Shoron!
Uyr*q * barley grlta
cf. Suneriane gur, guru 10 r 8rrron4r 5\2 - tccd, oprout, fruit
gr6nun - corn, kcnncX.
cf, Iatlnc
cf. Gcnnanl
Korn - corn ctco
Jakut:
tiitlX - baek of the head ...
01d Slav_lc:
zGv-a-tl = cafl
iavitt - dlscuss, practlse maglc
saw, geb * word, speech, proverb,
sav-Ia - sneak a lob
= fortune-telfer
LlthuanJ.an:
01d Tarklsh:
Mlddlo Turklsh:
Altal.o Turki.shc Ylb"g" - o""o
Flnnl.ah dlslactc hambaz - tooth
popular; hamrnag - uooo
Suncrl.ang
zu, L5, 13 - u,ao
Oi.d
aadi. =
zad-i.
Creck;
;66xvog - bottomp postertor
gudu 32912 - enus, post,erl.or
khutl- - portcrlor
Vogult
Ll.t. llongol.lanl
back
gedr - beck of the hcad
gadergii - bchlndr back
news
"ar.-31
=
Vogul !
Sar,,
SunerLan:
SbU/iaq
WOfd
38t+r2
= word, order
Thlg word ls not of Indo-European orlgin.
01d Slavlc:
cf.
SLavlce
z/Fb? - tooth
Llthuenlanl
["fiuas - aharp obJcct
Llt. ilongollan: lobu-'far - polnt, potnted
cf.
Uob-qa-Jl - to be poLntod
Osman:
clvrl - polnted, atrl
Suncrlang
back
kiidln - behlnd
01d
ln the
kld, kidin -
Uighur:
rccogntze
01d
Slavlq:
analyseds
csSke-tlo t,os
-9L--
cf.
MordvinLan:
Surrerlan:
Ulghur:
OId Turklsh:
vez- =Ileadrltravel
ves-tl" = leads
ved-6-t%- u.s.
vez-a-l6 = travels
v6da- - Ieads ; Hilngarlen: vozet
us 21112! = radfi = Iead, guide, go bohind, fo)l.w
uduz- - lead
uduz- - u.s. etc.
Notp: In the 01d Slavic and the supposed Flnno-Ugrlc languages, Lhe v-sclttrl
ls a prothesls. Tho d-, g- and z-sounds go back to the older ljutnerian
5-sound, thug the "Old Slavics }anguage is not of Indo-iluropean orlqln, l,ec,rtt'r.
ln the time of the Sunerlang there was not even a trace of the so-cal I erl
Indo-European Ianguages.
The supposed "Old Sl"avic" s-sound.in the
01d Turkish:
s(o, s!, se = the
Eu - that there
Trtkish:
3U i U.3.
Jakut:
suhr = the
se + thls,
9l{-:ikvle:
Fi. nni.
sh:
j.nltlal and flnal 1xrsll,l,rt.
Lhab
sielti - frorn there
sllni = tlrere, over there,
eLc.
;t2p4r-a-tl -
01d Slavlgt
9ld 9lavlc:
wrLte
-
rrrLtingr
pr6f.stn
- nrltcr
Altalc Turkiah:
pfd-fn
Chagetal:
pcY-ek
-93-
Cs8kc-gotor
tl.ckctr
book
aLgn
Vogulr
Ostyak:
- I0O
sEt - u.s.
slt, slt, - u.s.
s%io
Finnish:
gete * U.a.
[ordvlnlan:
sada
Turkmcnlan:
- u.!.
"iifo = o.".
Jrid- u.s.
pttZ 'goce
Basklrlenr
J8'd
Jakutl
Krrakt
- nurd
- speak
aiild- - uic.
sllld- - u.r.
Kamnl ,-Tatar!
sbyli- h lpcak, rey
Chegatel!
a6ylc-
Osmant
r5y1c-
Turklsh:
- *rttc
blt- - u"s.
Suncrlan:
bad 5915&
bt61-
Mongoltan:
cf.
01d Slavlc:
Churachr
$zagaJl;
Gherenl"ssl
- op!n, pLough
- u.a.
- orlo
Ilungarl,an:
8r.&d4c€
ator
-
hoart
cf.
= o.".
Yarr396, r9/3o = many, a lot
n&?% - 36C[ / loan word fron
Sunerian:
- u.r"
rlakutl
afiri1 - u.t"
fielnuekc
z(iritr; - unso
Llt. llongoll.anr
flrrikcn - u.c.
yflilit - urEo
Old lurklshs
yiirek - u.ca
Turhl!h:
Clurrarhl
{a rl . itplo
cfn Avcatat
z 6 ro d-e - u"s. ctc.
ilotrs fh. contun-saten theory li onLt a thaort and nothlng clse rro rcll,
lct ul !!e.o
Ulrdls
(..
Chuwagh:
Notc: The forn ard mcanl.ng of thc ruppoccd lrdo-;Europcan norda do not
belong harc. the Old Slsvlc rord Lr. not of Indo-Eumpcan orlgln.
S-glsslg:
cf. Llthuanlan:
- u.s.
Jriz u.s.
- o.".
"{is
sz6z - u.s.
Uzbck!
slovo
so}a-
csdke-Botoc
Oreek:
O1d Slavi_c:
ostrz = potntcd
of - polnt
Old lurklsh:
Turkiah:
Ulghun
uE
Osnani
u{ = endr polnt
Jekutl
?eleut:
Flnnlsh:
us-uk - u.a.
uE-a- = sharpen
Sumerlan:
fd, tUt = nountal,n
fet = spllnter
lgne - spllnter, needlel
cf.
Surncrlan
u9 a u.s.
-
the polnted
end
astala = spllnter
Srunerian:
Turklshl
Note: Thc Old Slavlc s-sound ls not of sccondary Indo-European orlgin
but ldentical to the stailar Urel-Altalc sound. Butaparl frorn thls,
a
sccond
posslbllity ln the agglutinatlve
languages.
Lhere
*9&-
cs6ke-nrt,os
-95-
v4s(- rtllage
vac ! urso e.g.
01d SJ.avlg:
Slovoncl
Thc v-sound
. UJfalu but
vAS a uolr e.g. Nova-Vaa - UJfalu at the begi.nnlng of thc nord lr a prothe$is...
l,lova-Vcs
Ncr glLl-atc
llow Vi.llagc
vGaft
Thug:
o
te(p
{s&
*es ) ver
Sloyencl
or
*ea) vas
- house
.Ya l28rze ".""
.$iu, rYA*"
r,X, 1z8o2c
Sunerlan;
cf.
cf. Akkadlanl
neanlngr placp,
Old Hungarlan:
waifrru
"..
localtty. Thts word in
Akkadlen i.a borrowcd f,rom sumcrlan"
araa - hiza - hls housc
cf" Sdnaorhdze * S6ndorfalva - Sdndorrc vllLagc
Phoncbl.csc The h- Ln tlungarlan La a protharla... y6t, thl6 rord rxLrts in
Sunerr.an ln thLs form too; aka" ag, 18316 - pLacc, local.lty
cf" latLnr
- group cf houses, villagc
Both ruord forms: vGat and vleua go back to the swtrcrLan
Dcrlvatlon: Sumerlans a5,ci) Old Slavlec v6sb
agraka ) Iatln: vTcus...
vTcus
Thc tlmc hal corne for us
to
llungarian:
szJk = chalr
Chagatel:
siikt = chalr
South Korean:
BJgk * u.s. etc.
The rooi word ln each case fs st-; tbe _s_ and _dB_ ara
only sufflxes-..
01d Slavic:
analyzed:
sedrnE= 7
Mlddle Turkish:
Jadr
-
7
Osman;
Jedt =
7
xltl -
7
O1d
eYru, o56ru
Just as:
Vogul:
sEt=z
Latln:
scptem
enalyzed:
ef"
cf,
st-s-t,1
gbaB-tf
analyzed:
dB-at-tr
X.atlnc
sede-rc
Sunerian!
cf.
X,lt
"
*
he strs
01d Slavlc antt Vorul
If the Hungarian word "hret,, is an rAryann loan_wor(1,
hor cou-l"d lt be rrPrnno-ugrrc"? From thls, rt ls crear thaL
the 'rrnrr'*
Europeanrr lingulsts are afways guidcd by politlcal
interest anrl in Lhig wnv
they make their declslon, never according to the truth...
wordac cX ard ak&, ag.
t
o
l{ongol-tr.anl
Slavic:
mbzda -
Hages
Suoerlan:
neYr 7619 o
Turklsh-Tatar:
ma5-da-a-rl 76,7O
miizd = sal_ary, honorarlum
Persian:
muf,d
rent, proceeds,
su$ 536,14 - stt
$c-du 16?12o6 - u.s"
- u"s.
3lg? 151,6'u.r"
safu ' slf,
The 01d Slavlc ch-sound
Old Slavlc:
iierbo*C roatian:
I,lural:
incorne
= u.s. (loan-word from Sumerian)
u"s"
su5 53611&
-f
e
*
down
- / etc.
Note: As we can see, the fndo-European language fanrily, plronetlcalJy
and morphologlcally, has no cornectlon wlth the
Ural-Aftalc_Olcl 5lavlc
language farnlly; where dld the p-sound go from the o1d sravle
anri tire
vogul )anguages? Moreover, the Gothic word forn ls : srbun,
the 0reek
however *:LnrJ
r rn connection wlth thls, eompare the senrrtlc-Akkerrnn
word: Ylbu or stbi = ?. How dld Lhe b-sound tn the
OLd
- slt
Turklsh:
sed-m'6: -rn%=sufflx
words becorre a d-sound?
anafuze the Greek and LatLn Loan-rords from Sunrcrlen"""
sts-tL
Old SlavLec
cs#ke*tk,1,,"
ouiho - ear
ucho
* u.s.
,rEi = ears
-96-
Old Turkishc
Suncrlanr
..
-
hcar
Thus, Iatin:
uoe.
Osman:
EuX ZII'TO - hcar, p*ccLre
Phonctlcss The
t{orphologr:
-97*
e$lt -
EUtd
cf,.
cc8kc-Botoc
inltlaL
The Old
S-aound dlsappeared.
Slavlc word
ucho( uch-o
-
tc
heerer
01d $lavlc:
mouehe
ro.r{ 40516
Zyrlan:
,nu$omoE
Vottrak
rnu5g
Cheremlss!
-
ur = lump, knot
n.tiftf t v4rchg = I thrastr
4.,
*urtidltl
! rurche)
Ofd Turklsh:
ur = to beat
Turklsh:
vur- r u.g.
Jskut:
ir_ * plle up
RussLani
v6roch - corn stock
Phonetics: In tho OLd Slavlc language, the v-sound al the beglnn.lng of
the verbal noun goes back to a more ancjenl u-sound. In the present Lensa
v ( prothesd-s. Thc conncctlon ls logica1, and ln overy respect lt is ln
accorJance with reallty and therc are no Indo-European characterlstlcs
lrr
ahcient fonn:
f,ly
-
p1"
-
bee
u.e.
mitXI
Llt.
01d Sla_tdc:
Surnerlans
s
..
,a
oro
= u.s.
clnptry a ycrbal_noun, thuar
e.g. Flnnlsh: korva - ear, whtch eetuall.y n6anr : hcarcr and !.hlch i3
felat6d to the Turkl"sh: eulqe - ear, ectually: lgarer.
-
verrica - rloe, wart
ur * swolllng, gr.owlh
Kazanl-Tatar:
Mongollan:
uosce ctc.
consequently, the hypothetlcel Frnrn-ttgrre or A4ran,rordr rhckye
bee, can bc flnally traccd back to thc Surncrj.an rord aboveooo
- flyr
Analyzed:
vrtirtt ( *ur-t5-i-rt
root
I
repetellve sulflx 6-_-.l
verb
Old Slavtg:
anclcnt for.n:
l,lt.
l{on6oLlanr
Kalmuck:
Jakut
g
MlddLc l{ong,ollanl
vr4ehrb
ttvr4
r
pesk
peak, polnt
orB
Hungarlant
oronrc u.so, ctcn
Phonetlcs: In Old Slayls y(u
cf. s€rbo-Croatlans rurch)vrch
cf.
Russlan:
a prothesif.
verch(v-crch(*crehi Ln Russlan the v-sound ls
Blcrfeldt, cf" op"clt" p.d3, ldcntlfles thls rord wlth the tatlnr rarrfica
E acab, rlse. Thl-s word f,ornn al6o erLsts
ln the fiongol_lurklsh Languages,
lr,lthout the v-prof,hesls.
I
vorbal suffix q--.---_--l
verbal noun
ahrto
* u"a.
oro! - u.so
horal- - u"s"
onol
cs6ke-[tot,o,n
I
I
I
OId Slavlc:
cf. Serbo-Croatian:
OId Turklsh:
Chagatai:
Sumerlan:
tlchG - quiet, peaceful
tt5lna = sllencc
t"iEi - he dreans
tiig
- dream
tl fJ,6 = rest
OId Sl-avic:
chodlti - to go, go
Llt. llongolian:
cf. Greek:
od-, odu- * happen, stand asjde
Os[lAn3
ad- = strlde
da-lm = step, ete.
Turlmenlan:
58ag
=
way
-98-
Thc
Inltlal
E-.gIg!&:
Ancltnt Slavlct
Llt. f{ongollen:
Jakutl
and Flnel aoundr
cs3kc-Botor
of the rrot *orda
plBdc - Ln lront of, bcforc
/ aeeordln8 to Btclfcldt/
url-da - ln front of, beforc
urut - u.c'
*pcr-d%
- u.e.
- curtaln (l)
Anclont llongollant r+purl-da
Osman!
pdrA6
s?p-e-il - tl?ep
Q!C-fllg&!g:
ilongollan:
seb - rtcovcry, rart
Srmrcrlant
eIgr 29i, &7c - rLlcncc, rcot
Phonetlcs; e);)")n "..
Slav1c:
fB-tl - sLng
ptrootr
osnanr
6t - u.r. /-r - afitIt/
Jekutt
At, - spcak, oound
Phoneticst [n Turklsh, thc Lnltlal p-sound dl.rappcared.
01d
the
-99-
prl-I6p-a-tl
= stick there
lep-t-tl - stlck
yap-5ur- - to fasten, stiek
01d Turklsh:
?urklsh:
yap-L5tIr- * u.s.
Chuvash:
Srs-3!- - u.".
According to theso cra.nplee, Lhe L-sound at the beginnlng of the word ls
01d Slavic:
Serbo-Croatian:
sccondary.
Old Slavlc:
Sulerlan:
bar 7l+r I17 - utr.at, rt'"n
po1-ica - stlck / llterally:
cf. Sunerlan:
bal = strlker
Hungarl-an:
p61ca
cf. Flnnlsh:
palJa=hammcr:beater
pallata r to haruler
pell = ctrlke, bcat, fllrt
cf. Hungarian:
cf. Klrglc:
OId Slavlc:
ALtalc ?urklsh:
Chagatal:
01d {ilavlcr
ancLcnt forlrt
Flnnlshl
longollanr
Hungarlenr
L. pr4at0 - carthr dust
2. prach,6 . dugt
*f)orror - u.co / eccordLn3 to Blclfeldt/
poro * duot, Irhct
bor - dugtr sand
por duat ctcr
!,{ongo1lan:
Turklshl
The
Old Slavlc:
pol6- aldc, half
puoll - u.s"
Vogul:
pBl . u.a., ctc.
Suocrlans
ber ?t, l/86 - u.a.
Phonctl.csr b)p; and r)I
o!$-srav:!gr
Flnnlshl
cs'5ke-Botnr
-
beat
cane
balga - hemner, eLc.
p4s-a-ti - wrlte
pf{-ft = wrLtlng, book
peU-et< = tickct, eign
pfEf-din = wrlter
bi6l - wrlte
bit- =.u.s. etc.
Initlal and Flnal b-sound of the root.
liongollan:
b'lt{o-tt = be, exlst, 1lve
bi- g u.s.
bii- = u. s. , etc .
01d Sl.avlc:
01d Turklsh:
Ulghur:
b|?4t<7 = 611
buka = u.a.
buka = trrs.
0sne.n:
bufa = u.s.
TungusJ.an:
beater/
cadke-Botoo
=1@-
- trulL, obc"
iir - Lo bcllox
rndgli-re - u.a.
b8g - q.".
Mongollanr
buqa
ef. Old Turklsh:
b<ig
UongolLan:
Hungarl.an:
-101-
The
Inltlal
and
Old Slavlc:
Flna] t-sound of Lhe word-root.
14na - darkness
BloLfeldb, Op"CLt. # d5, l.rU.l not aecept the Urat_Altatc orlgln
of chls word but rather traccs tt back to the slovcnr xord! b6katl- be]_ron
and neanwhllc, he forgot, to nrentlon that thls r*ord also cxlsts ln bhc lutalo
Llt.
languages,
Flnnlsh;
tu&na = dark
Ulghur:
tamu =
Chagetal:
tunan
tunan
cf.
abov€.
0l4_Slavlc:
- hcarenr skX
Suroerian:
nab 12912 - Cod ,..
Accordlng to BLelfeldt, thls rord ia ldcntlcal. to the tnttn: ncbula fog and the cermanr I'lebel rhlch neans the rame thln!. rt cannot bc aeecpied
that the 'rAncl-ent slavs n had such a nfogp-J, l-dca of Heaven. Btceusc thl6
word sounds llke the Latln and Gennan wolds, he prcsumer they are ldcntleal
yet his comparJ"son, ln splte of thls, lc not eonvLnclng"."
cf.
Mongollan:
nebo
OId Slarlc:
bLato
cf.
baLr&tln64 - u.s"
bol6to - u"c"
balEfT - dl-r'te fl-LLh, loan
cf. Rugslan:
Llt. l4ongoLlan:
Turklsh:
Eastcrn Turklsh:
cf.
Klrglzl
-
crernp
belclk q ucse.
balElk r u.sc
paldlk - u.s.
balqaE - swamp
Sunerlan:
barans
Serbo-CroaLlan:
bareY
cf. lstln
paLus
-
Euphrates
- snamp
- u.g.
t4nQn6 = dark
ttunaY = fogry, dark
tunan * fog
hellr plt, dungeon (!)
- fog, darkness
- u.s. etc.
Old Slavig:
to5-t-tf = lo make flow
cf.
tokt|r - lilow, river
Old Turklsh:
tdk- - to pour out
Osman:
d6k- = pour, pour out
Chuwash:
tSk-, tok- = u.o.
Sunorian:
drgr 396, 26 = pour oul, in
Phonetics: k) E palaLalizatlon .,.
OId
S.l,a'!r1c:
t%k-a-ti = weave
Ol-d
Turklsh:
l{lddle Turklsh:
toqY- = u.s.
toku- = u.s.
tokY- * u.s.
ChagaLai:
toka- - u.s.
Ogman:
doku-
Sumerian:
Lag, 126126
Uighur:
Notct Thlsr"ord kent Lnto liorlern Greek from the agglutlnative language,i.ptn"Ta
C
- u.s.
= weavc, sLrike
Lukur 126,22
cte.
ca1ld the Euphrates Lhe rgreat baraner - the great
rlver. Thc Lat'ln nord l-a a ]"oan-flord" The Labtn languagc la not a
lupcrlor langua6;e" The world dld not begl.n wlth thc latln and Greek lenguag6c .
'fhls
- u.s.
needs no explanatlon...
The SumerLans
swanpy
Thc l"anguage cal"lcd it0ld Slavlcw cannoL be an Indo-Europeen languaqe becausa
there ls absoLutcLy no proof Lo lndlcate that tt, cver crl"stede rt ls onl.y
a hypothetlcal ancLent languapqco created at, the dcsk...
Ol-d
Slalic:
tt6L-tt5-tr1 =
p'ush
Ulghur, Old Turkish:
1fi1 = push aqainst sornelhing
lllddle Turkish:
U{t = to sLuff ln
tYka = lo stop up
aYk- = u.s.
Osnran..
cf.
si5 lrn
-
1Lr Lc, rr
4o2-
codke-rotos
-10r-
Old $lavlcl
Old Turklshl
Turklsht
oLte4a - fethar
ata { u.!.
OId S1avlc:
tta ! u.!.
dlddlc Turkllhr
atakl - ded, cten
Lit. llongolian:
cf.
cf. Tungwlan:
cf. 01d Slavlc:
Thc
Inltlal
and Flnal d-round
cf.
of thc
Word-root
Suncrl.an:
cf.
Uzbek:
diriXt - u.a.
derax . pl.ante trec,
daraht - trec
diirirx - ulrar
llastern Turldshl
Turkncnlan:
Teranchent
Sunerl.en!
dont - housc
tan - rall
tatr - u.6.
tan - roof
tane - vaIL
tan - lr.i.
dLm, - l40r? - to
Old Slavlcr
rouda
Old
_$lsvlc I
Otd ?urklrh:
Ogmant
Chegatel-:
Mongollanr
f,oreenr
cf.
Suacrlan!
Phonctlca:
Thc
Lnltlal
-
/Ed%
cf'
drtvo - tree
d5rcro.- u.s.
ttaa - knonledge
ota*t-tr - to know
roedc-ge - to knowl knowledge
mede- = to know, decLde
niiddy-, nydde - mark, note
nftdr& = r'lse
The Old Slavlc r-sound.
01d Slavlc:
013 Slavlc!
cf. Rursten!
o-Botot
nffdrost,% = wlsdon, ei,c.
oB-tt . tay, oet, put
du 206, tl a u.s.
du, 2lOrJl - u.r.
Old $lavlcr
CsSk
-
speech
re6-ti = to
re6-e-t% *
speak
u.s.
Itrck-tl
Sunerlan:
rIg,r 2lJctJ = to speak, to say
riea - u.s.
Hungarian:
rcg5l", rege * to rectter recltation
Phonetics: Thc g-sound, wlth palatatlzatlon: g)q)X2i
ln the languagc
called n01d SlavLc'r.
Ancient forrl:
burh
01d Slavict
Serbo-Croatlan:
Sunerian:
rlldB - Ihc
r6a t roa.
rer 2O6, a, 1l - ridu
ra J28r2? =
bulLd
orc
r ZdrA- red
urudu, urud 13212 - coppcr
urudu) trudu) Old Si.evl.cr rouds
urudu)unrd )trud) Old Slavlc; rrgd-r?
u-aourd, durlng thc course of phoneiLo hletory, dlsappcared, there-
fore the d-aourd la not of lrdo-Europcan orLgln.
Sakdnu
rar 2Q6,23 = k6nu
Senantlcs: to lead, guLde, rulc, dlrect, be suited to, follow, learier;hlp,
governncnt, be flrm" be constant, to set, to put, Lo orrler,
to declde, to prepare, to creatc, to cffect, to apply
Hungarian:
rend, rendez, rendef - otdcr, set ln order, to ordcr
tttotc: The'bld slavrc/word is identlcal to the sumerian-Hungarian. rt berongr
tO the agglutlnatlve languages whose prl-orl"ty can bo proven
ln wrltten
Ccllkc-Botoc
-10[-
-r0t
docunentg.Let,thelrrdo-Europeanll-ngulr|schor'_alnllarvaluab}4,trrlttgn
docurnents ahorlng [he tracce of the Indo-European langueger.
$!9,!
The
lnltlal
r-sound
ln the
Old Slavle languai:c
k' ln
most c8r€!t
secondaryrc.g.ther-soundrforrnedbyatranspoaltlon'LaEl'soofUraL-Altale
orlgln.
Old $lavlc:
r44 d-a-tl '
Sunerlanc
Lra-du 5?9, 369
er.-du 5?9r 388t
cf.
Hungarlan:
cf.
ef,
Old Slsele:
Llt.
ltongollanl
comPlaln
'
conPlalnt horl
lamentat'lon, crtlnS
o"l{r, orolo6l - b*"1, kecP Ycllln8
- eryr barl"
"6t3r
rlvul, r(, rlogat, rlggat, r{kat - ileept cr!/t
frLghtcnl nakc (sY) crt
rou-tl - barl
rlo-t!'urS.
orkl,re- i lcrcam, bawl"..
r aA'tL ' to burYr dlt
Slavtcr
ur Pit, hollor
Hongoltant
or dltchr Plt
Ghagatal:
0r'6-, oruo- - burXr to dlg out
dakut!
ndna - dltchl
Hungarlan:
cf. Flnnlcht
' Lovl' ' clcft, notch, fLaaurc, crcvLcc
rovn/tLzJ - 8tra18ht, flst
cf. Busai.an:
rJnc'flato opcn cormtry
Hungarlan:
ort'u ' atralght, flet, ctc.
Sulyuqn:
Phonetics: or./u) orf - )xeoo-) t*rotHungarlan: *rona "..
Old
OId
$avlcl
Llto l{,ongolLan;
Kolball
BurJetr
Jakut!
rtko - rlver
urlr-!- - to flol, stroan
urJt- - PoUr
urusil81 - Current
0riis - blg rLver
6rfis: . u.t.
fira[ - ltttlc rlver, etc'
In
rrOld Slavl-crr the
comparlsons
of the
cs6kc-Dotos
lnltlal vowol dlsappcared.
Sumerlan:
korl = clrcle
qur-$a = to surround
kiirdii = clrcfe, etc.
Flnnlsh:
Old Turklsh:
MongolLanl
*Farts /pronounced: Jiro/ =
Jar - u.r.
Jar$ - u.s.
yaz /< tar/ = ,.".
01d Slavic:
Polishl
Czech:
Old Turklsh:
Turklsh:
Jraz
'
-
nydr
Mongollan:
nar&n
auno,cr
Chuwash:
' sun
derlm - srrnncr
5or, 6ur = spring
Srunerl-an:
Ear tizr3Sho8 = grecn
Tatar:
Baskirlan!
Jakut:
Jar8a - surnmcr corn
JdrsA - u.s.
Jarysaa - u.s.
Koreani
KazanL
Russian:
is
Jarlca = u.s. etc.
a loan-word from the agelutlnatlve languages.
01d Slavic:
kour6 = rooster
Sumerian:
kur-gl-hu )66157
kurkt = u.s.
cf.
Akkadlan:
*
hen
Finnish:
kurkl = crane
Llt.
qora = nountaln-cock
qur = u.s. etc.
Mongolian:
Klrgiz
I
3or1nu
Suomer
Hungarlani
The rrSlavlcl word
let us see a
kr.ffgto = clrclc
kura 6o, 33h = fo curve, bcnd circlc
01d Slavlc:
cf.
Nov
word-endl"ngs.
-106-
erdkc-Eotoc
,1O?-
The
Old S}avlcr
Flnnlsh:
ef.
af
Sunerlan:
z) l,
Fhonctlcgl
Inltlal
and Flnal L-sound
word_root.
rct-t-tr - rr'
lentd- - fly (naral)
lento . f,lylng
ll.ntu - btrd /rfltcr...,/
?td 84144 . rlae clinb
whlch rncans
secordary.
01d
of the
sl-tb
l$p.f, =
I$pota = prosperlty
OLd
thet thc Okt Slanlc l-aound, ln nost cescr,
l!
l}odlf€.
pcopl"c (eoltectlvc)
Slavic:
Surnerlan:
Llt. Mongollanl
OId Slavic:
pronounced: fJgdiJc
Scrbo-Croatlan:
fJudL - u.r.
analyzod:
rJu-dt
cf.
analyzed:
the rootl
lJuSunerlanl
Iu, 3)or2 - llan
Notc! The Sunsr.lan wonl rent lnto aany nlndo_Europcann
lanquaBa;, elto
lnto Gcrman: Lcutc - people, eko a collretlr. woftl. pron
thts, tt tr
obvl.ous that the Indo-European llngulctr
dld not undcrtaka ,. obJcctlrc
Llngulstlc rcsearch.
OId Slaylcl
?ha Verbal form:
Ol.d Turklshl
sumcrl.an:
chval*l-tt = praise
* pralre
ehvala
- praise
kiir! s u.s.
kUfA
Phonetl.cs: Old Turklsh
k ) Old Slevic chv
01d Slavic:
kIBt6la = 6u11
kttt{o - u.s.
ktltt = Lock
Turklsh:
The
lrrdo_European
E-''urd.
good, bcautlful, pure, frlcndly,
favourablc, sncet, adrantageouo,
rleJ.l_bclng, beauty, goodncso...
-
Iedll = i""
sedl-sld 103b, I = co1d, frost,
Jud, Jutu = very co1d, wlnter
Jut = u.s.
...
k111t-1e = to lock, lock ln
kalltka = blrd-eage
SunerLan:
kul 72,8 = hold fast, close
I belleve there is no need of speclal cxplanatlonl
formcd from the Turklsh
't 's
trer 756u ,16/l -
slgS ,r5X]r7
... ctc.
Hungarlan:
ttob-l-tt - to Wc
9ir - u.ro
cf.
sEret - dear
siiwlg - 1sj6
Turklahr
gev- - lovc, etc"
lilotec Thc rtOld Slavlcn l-sound, tn
thti caac, ls not of
Lct us note:
= Love
chval-a
Old Turklsh:
Turklsh:
cf.
lpbG - dear
crther, but accondary and
147,33b = u.s.
fit, sulbable
llob-t-
Turklshl
Slavlq
orLgLn
cf. dlelect:
Old Slavlc:
csdke-Bo bor
u"s"
Inltlal and FLnal n-sound of the root,
01d Sfavlc:
rnXka =
analyaed:
mfi-ka/-ka - sufftx,/
j'tlddlc Turkish:
Ulghur:
Eastern Turklsh:
Xazanl;Tatar:
Kazak:
torture,
torment
nu? E trouble, need
mup - need, grief
mu? = trouble, sorrow, grlcf
m6? E SOrrow, pain
mu2-al = to suffer, etc.
wlnter
csdkc-Botor
-106-
-
914-!!Se
neE4
Llt. l.ongollanr
ne8c '6hort
ttlCgt r trrr
nlo . llvc
l(elmuckl
Kolbalt
Yogulr
srord
,
Old Turkloh:
The n-sound
S$ord
rnef, mcf, E rrr9r
lrr1I 296" '
nan
nuE, rnu-u$
u.d.
-
9tc-!s:
*!tr,$ -
Suncrlanl
mah
9l{!4!e.:
llongollan:
lm-a-tl - tak6r takc atrey
uint<e- - plck, precs ln the
l{ongol-tan:
abu-
Llt.
Llt.
cf'
Osmant
Chur.e6hr
Scrbo-Croat,lan r
Sloveh!
-
auuJa
avu!
'
'
handful
1165,
lvfi -
ui8 -
u.s"
uae-tl - to
vzla- - u.gr
u.a.
tekc
Old Slavlcl
t4ma'- derkncrc
FLnrir.ehr
tuntla
Churr?sh!
tan -
Old $lavlc:
01d Turklsh:
onfidou = fron there
HungarJ-anl
OrthaD = UrSr
The
powerful
taklng
-
anda - u.s.
porcr
tekc
-
ondde = there
01d Turklsh:
nor
:
SumcrLen!
!?r3
.919-$ac&:
Turklsh:
Flnnlsh dlaleets
cf.
Sumorl"an!
nlr.. nL = neither ...
nc ....nc = u.3.
nu. .. r nu = u.s., etc.
01d Slqvlc:
nf,ttt- nan'
nafifl - u.r.
ma# - u.s.
9l4--lleglgc
csdkc-uotoc
-109-
derlr
Yart dark, cter
andYn
Initial and Flnal v-gound of the root.
Old 9lavic:
cf.
hand
- u.s.
OId Turklsh:
Hungarlan:
cf.
.;
vrt?ch6 = old
v-et65-a-tl = to grou old
6,d - tlne
idd = u.s.
1d6g - old
ed, ud = time
tddsddlk = he ls growlng old
Phonetlcs: The lnltial-v ls a lrrothesl-s.
Sunerlan:
cf. llungarian:
9fg-!1s1s:
cf.
analyzed:
vautf(yet-t JG/ = vis
velik% = u.s.
v-c1l-k16
ulu = to make blg
cfe = to becomt biB
ul"u - u.s.
Jakut !
ulu = bJ.g, bt8Ber
Old Turklsh:
ulu - blgr elevated
Middle Turklsh:
t.
uI, 154*r lO = t^ be hlqh
Surneriah:
i)honetl-cs: The initlal v-sound is a prothesls and the -k is a sr.rffl.x.
0sman:
Kazani-Tatar:
*xlo-
csEka-botoc
Ulghurr
Turktshl
llongoll,anl
Old Turklsht
ancl"ent forn:
- u.ro
uka- * undcrltard, comprehcrrd
uk- - u.r.
f'honetlce: The Lnltlal. v-sound ls a urothcsls..,
|tlddlc
Mongollan:
uk-
Ancl"enL
llongollan:
filddlc l,longollan:
}{anchurlan:
Ewenkl:
ilavtcr
Flnnl3hs
Old
PhonctLcsg
vlbktlo - ,o!.f
v]..,t -kG ! -kt .
01d Slgv1c.r
snaltzedt
anclent fonnl
!;tddlc Turklsh:
Old turkl.sh;
l(azanl-Tatar:
OsnanB
Churaeh:
llongol-ian;
Flnnlrh:
The Old Slevtc wordr
Garnen:
Heulcr.
Old Slavlcr
ancLcnt form!
*ul4-kG
ulI- - shout
ulY- - noan
ula- - thbut
ttlu- - U.!n
tLu- . u.c.
ull-. u.g.
ulvo- - uog.
t["(krb- roJ.f,
suf
turklsh:
Turklsh:
Ulghur:
Chuwash:
l4ongolLan:
01d
flx
Phonctl-csl The
actualLy means onc rho shoutca
Ln
p)v, tn thLs casc, an
t
/? - to uee, Look,
here a sccrct,
i'honctlcs: u)"e 5\I "..
^, /
Flnnlsh:
t'Br.f - age, llfetlme
lka * egc, llfe, llfetlne,
LappRr
ake = u.s.
cf.
Jakc
Old Slavlcl
dr6
Mongollan:
dad a
rlslon,
Phonetlcs: ff:u\v
e / 6,
Old Slavlc:
analyzed:
Sumerian:
cf.
Hungarian:
- u.s
va - two
- folfor
=
Tungusian:
cxam!.nc, havc e
p-sound dlsappcarad...
vls-t-tt = to hang
as- = to hang up
es- - u.s.
as- - to hang up, hang on
s6-, !ln- - to hang
asa- - ral-se oneself up
lnltlal v*sound Ls a prothesls ...
OId Slavic:
doctor
uraU 535,
horfl- = u.s.
for.o - to turn
horol - to turn
forog, fordul - to revolve, turn
porJ&l = revolve, spln
In l{ongollan and ln OId S1avlc the nore ancl-ent lnltlal
eound"
"ra{4 *XraEt
+rporti-
Votyak:
Old Slavlc:
onc rho honlg. Phoncttcs!
Lntcgral part of, the
SuncrLang
Hungarian:
v$lso-kti9. telI
i.so - blg
Thc lnltlal v-sound la e Drothesls.
Cscike-Botor
vr'4-tB-tt = to turn
ur4-tlB-: therefore u) v
or-El- - to turn
Old Slavic:
v,66h-nf,i-ti - lcarn, gct uscd to
uk- - to undirstand, comprehcrd
Old Slavlc:
-111-
..:'u"
"""'
ov$ca = shecp
ov- {ca
ua, ura, u, I+91+16
Juha-k = sheep
sta61e
of tife
-cIIz-
ccdkc-Botos
Thc J-sound conneetlona.
Old Slavlc:
2. Old Slaylc:
pd'fo
Jgng
Old Turklsh:
Ulghurl
Chagatal:
fiazanl.-Tatar
Jakut:
cf. Old Turklsh:
nlddLe Turklehr
! youngor brothen
- ooso
r u.so
- u.!o
- eub
cnllk - botr youth
Phonetlcs: ths lnlt,lal
analyzed:
the root:
pronounced:
Osnan:
Old Turkish:
Ulddle Turklsh:
-
d"a.
J-sound t.c a protheeLa
r..
Old Slavlcr
laatL - cet
Thls rarbar forn La Lrrcgular. Thc rnoot 6ocs back to tro dlffcrent
nore anclent orlgins, one of *hLch has thc LnitteL J-aound ec a prothcsls,
ln thc otherl horcvor, the J-sound lc an i.ntegral. part of the gound. Thc
anclent sourcg la thc s./S - sound.
Fastl" r 6at
1.01d Slavlc:
analyzedr
-
Chuwesh:
-
catlng
ry44,
l-a- :
l-nherent J-sound
Ja
J5- * to oat
Xl- 'u.s.
yc- = u.3.
Xl- - u.s.
-
Fi,nnlsh:
sy6-
Hung&rlant
cszl} * u.s.
Sumcrian:
tc
te
cf.
about Lhese connectlont.
nourlshrnent
FadonlFc
lni
lnl
lnl
ent
lnl
enlk
csSkc-Botoa
It ls atrange that llngulstlc rcscarch is silent
tonrg, _ lroung
pronounced:
_u3-
u.s.
367, 58d - to eat, dine
-ba 167, 3t ...
3. A thlrd posslbllity Is givcn:
lad6 = food
the root ls:
Fad-4
: j- prothesls
Llt. Mongollan:
ed-1e = to eatr dlne
Old Slavic:
t'86-t1
pronounccdS
J6stt
*arLtl r J-prothcslc
anclcnt fornt
the rootr
01d Slavlc:
ag-
Mongoltan:
Jakut:
Turklsh:
Ulghurr
ef - foodr nourlsht.nL i aIa - cst, fc.d
as-Ilq 'kltehen
a5 - notlshaent, food
Chagatal:
aY-Ia-
fiLddlc Turklsh:
aY-lak
a$lau - trough, nangcr
Old Turklcht
cf.
Tobol^l
- .et,
- food
Old Slavlcr
hasll.-crlbrmangcr
Hungarlanr
and
J6sz6l asztil -
nanger
table
let us sec the folLowing:
drlnk
aIlfi-efl6ttrou8h
afLau - trough
Kalmuck!
Tatara
Nor'r
- pit
Jana : J- prothesls
anan - openLng, hole, val1ey
! u.e.
arna tIt
*, = plt
|ama
pronounccd !
Old Slavic!
analyzed;
pronounced:
Mongollan:
vo'F4vetl = to
vo F4-va-ti
wag€ war
voJe-
baJl-Idu- = strugglc, fight
baJl-ri - battlefleld
Phonetlcs: The lnltial b)" ..,
cf. with these connectlons:
-n-rt-
Old Slavle:
Ccttec-Botos
vcs-tl. 1- Lcad /vcrbrl noun,/
vcd-c-t? - u"s. /suplnc/
vcda- - lagd
wlla- . lcad, pull
l4ordvlnlanl
Flnrdsh dtalcct!
Cherenlssg
p$
Hungallsn;
MongollAnl
vczct, vczfr
-
tcad
- leadr
laadcr
udurl r 0o b6 a Leader
Kolbal:
uz- - to bc lcd, to lcad
Old turklsh:
udu-z- - to LGad
Ulghurr
ttdu-t- - Ur!.
cf.
ud- r follor
Sunerlan:
ui 2t1, 29'l"o Lead, follon, pull
PhonctLcsc Thc lnltlel v- Ls a prothccLa or. lfter thls, lct us aec lhc
ao ofton nrentloncdrold slavlc"rordt
vo
pronouncedl
vo
Jchla - u.s.
OId ?urklsh:
Jigni * u.s.
tfne - rr.e. etc.
Turklshl
Old Slavic:
agoda
cf.
- to flght/ vcrbal rooi/
|
ltlddle Turklsh:
cf'
Eestern Turklsh:
9}g_sregrq:
Greek:
LatYlan!
Church Slavic:
llungarlan:
Mongollan:
lurklsh:
This
- lnr insldc,
hQtro
on the
lntcrlor
01d Slavlc:
- ln thc mlddlc, lnslde
t;r4 - ln, I I t
O1d Indi.an:
Jgtro
Jotra
word
Ees-a-ti = conb, dctach
YtiLoV
- ftax scrape
cdrr6 -Icardwool
kasft,t - scratch
kosa _ ptgtatl
k5c - tow
qaru- * scrape, scratch
qaz- r seraPe, plane
cannot bc sald to bc strictly of Indo-European orlgln
elther.
- lLvcr
v€ -nlll
= u.s.
- u.s.
lgdi - rote Brustbeere
Jlgdi - u.s.
JlCdc = snall berry
Ieedc - shrub etc.
Jahoda
Latin:
dotura
- berry
l-a.goda
Czech:
cf.
Notcr Thla rord, aceordlng to thc abovc ptoofr, ls not ofisravlc'orlgln
but belongs to the agglutLnsilvr languagea ln lta sntlrciy and ln ltc
cLdnant!, repprdlese of hov rnueh tbc Indo-Suropcan ll-ngulst,s obJcctt
Notcl Thc d) J progrcsston 1c al.so:
d)n
Llterary llongollanl
needle
'
.-v
R>c
verbal root
lllddl.c Turklshl
cf," 91d Slarlcc
1916
Czech:
Thc 01d Slavlc Paletallzatlon
vGtbal adJectlve
pronounecdi
RugsLan:
i0;-t-od-a
+- baJf-
ProLhcsls$
Old Slavlc:
1g{1,1n€
veJevode, voJvoda, ete"
analyzed:
- needle- (adJ.)
OId Slavlc:
|IongoIl"an:
atuJr lcadcr
cs6ke -Botoa
Let us notl.ce:
voJrvoda
llungarlent
Hungartan/{ongollan:
lcYode -
-u5-
Llthuanlan:
na-Er6ta-tl = to wrlte
dt"6ta * sign, stroko
krntatl - he cuts
kerti.r = I cut with the axe
-11f-
tter6t - cutr cut ln, carve
kirt- - u.t.
klrJa - book
lar 40119 - cerve, drar
ldongollant
Turklsh:
Flnnlsht
Srlrnerlan:
llotst
ls
ccdkc-Botoe
no necd
")
sa{-{1r1 Lr2,$
Sunerlant
{tr- r roer
ffru-fan - LI-nGr seratch
Jur-f, an - lr.nc
nlru- - drar
{r- - ,rotc
slron-rygrarerlcry
ccruza r pcncll
Chuvashr
t{on6ollan:
Y,anchurleng
cf.
Hungarlanl
cf.
cf.
cf"
- to rrltc
c
01d Slavlc:
po-Ei-tl - rest,
SunerLan:
ktt 536rL-/t+O =
Latlnt
Hungarlan:
4'
qui6a = rest
csend = quJ,et,
01d Slavlc:
Etu-tt * to count
cf.
Surncrian:
Ett-"-tg,
ef.
cf.
Let the Slavicists
51d
kld
5c. 103b.
of palataLlzatJ-on, xhosc charactcrlotlco can bo
traeed ln the agglutlnatlvc Langragea aho, but thc follortng cound changt
ls tnorc probablc: I
Thcrr
_117_
Sftr
show
s6kc-Botor
sleep
rest, sleep
,+/fo - rest
314,
311+,
rest, etc.
lrr
= to count
t5 = to count,
recount
3ll+t 1'l = countr recl.tatlon
thelr counter-obJectlons...
Ilovttna - ..rt
folov6k - u.s.
ka]cva - etrong, powerful ggg
*kaletia - roar
Sunerian!
kalag-ga 322, 19/ 73c = atrong, powerful
cf.
kar/a&/ 322,31, n.2, 1J - s6n
Notct In the 01d Slavlc language, thc suffl-x: -kr72 ls a noun-sufflx.
01d Slavlc:
6fru6r - rrr.ter
yaz-- rrJ.tc, ctc"
Turklahr
Phonetlca: k) U and r) { " nrc parallcl proBrrls ln roni dLaltels
ls en acccptablc posslbLltty. Thc rndo-Europtan orlEln lo noi conrlnclng.
Chuwashe
cf. Russlan:
flnnlsh:
AncLent flnntsh:
Phonetlc and morphologieal derlvatlon:
lr6nrb - black
tf?dtt - uolr
klronan - u.go
kfrfar - black
Old 9lavtcr
Sdnsirltl
Old Prugslanr
Ll.thuanlan:
In ell
Surnerlan:
Anclent finnlsh:
and
rhltc
bhc Turkteh dlalectsr
cf.
l4ongollanl
Russlant
Phonetics:
kara(kar- )(ara r rrlo
kaleva
palatallzatlon:
faleva
telov6k
Erovtto ... etc.
In this group belong the other Slavic t*ords and the well-known
Greek words: kaluger, kaludJer, ctc. - monachus , whieh goes back through
the Finnlsh language to the Sunerlan languaqe. The Flnrish word also
black
kar-) Russtan:
a
FLnnlsh:
Russlsn:
rrOld Slavlcrr:
qar8 r tlrdo
[iirng{,J ' blaek
MongoJ-lan-turkkhr
kalag-a
xkale{
Edr-
means: wonder-worker, uragiclan, etc.
-11rL
and
_1r9_
ccSkc-Botor
Thc wrlter of Lhis book beLleyas that lnternatl.onal hlstorlant
llngulsts somowhers left the noad xhlch leadr to the tnrth...
The
Old Slavlc:
8);
tlt.
Mongollan:
cf.
Il1Jrl - bearlng, Pregnant
6lnr 55812' tlavc, neld
gan*
Sunerlant
cf.
OLd
fena - *ornan
gennof- u.6. Amporatlvc nood/
Jldh . roran
Slavlc:
Old
Jakut:
fiirghlz:
Prusslan:
Sanakrltt
01d SLavlc:
Sumerl.an:
l[?6 . oldcr alstcr-ln-lar
ieV gi; - rife of tho oldcr brothcr
sa? as - $lfc of the fethcrra rcLatl,vc
Ulghur:
Kazakl
Jekut!
Flnnlsh:
Llt.
Mongollan:
Kalmuck:
Teleut:
The
lnltlal
and
flnal
Lit. Mongollan:
cfina Ectte- -
l(almuchl
tsenl r
Old Slavlc:
CBsar&
Hungerl.an:
cr(asdr
Old Slavlcr
cf. dLalact:
llongollanl
Turklsh:
cf"
c-souhd of,
the root
pr|ec, rcnard
to ralue, tax
O1d
Llt.
- klng, cnpcror
- u.c. r -6r -
Old Slavlcl
cf.
Srnarlanl
cf.
cf.
cf. 0othlc:
Mongollan:
"tf.t- r
to hcalr r"ecovor
"tf-t-tf
tll", ll?r 1? - nholcr Lntacti hcalth
r,ILrL26r d - to bo healthy, th thrlvc
kal, J)2, L6 - u.s.
halls - wholc, entlre, healthy
lnltlal and Flnal 5-sound of the root.
(6p-4-ta-tt
- whlsper
slb-gt = whlsper
slb-lr - nhlspcr(tng) (noun)
slp-Ef = whlsper
slu{r = urar
Er-tr - to scw
(Ite 2)3,t5 - lrL2r2 - to tle up, blnd up, tlc
sl,toa = etltch togcthor, put together
s{dc- 'to fasten, scw on
$da - - sew
Erai - rr!.
sfJfn - thread, string
tlr-ota rar-ba-Jl
wldth
- to
spread oub, spread
sar- ba;1un = spread out (paet)
Thcse connect,long ln p&ronctlc history prove that the languasc
ls callcd rtold Slavlc[ Ls not of fndo-Europcan orlgin.,.
nomcn aeiorl-g
"6szfr
Jasa-f, - the relgnlng prl.ncc, the htghcrt
Jaaa-q - prohlbltlon
Jasa - lau
rholc, hcelthy
Slavlct
l'lanchurian:
rrrso
Jasa- - dcclder choosc
faaa-J r ruLcr dlrect, cte.
Ul6hur:
Jakut:
0stDent
csSkc_Botor
Judgc
whlch
-I20-
csdkc-Botos
-121-
csJkc-Botog
Thc Vowcls
01d Slavlc:
A few lrords about thc dlphthongs. The
hypothetlcal Indo_Europ€an _"1
bocarne -r-- ln .rd slavic. we do
a
not nced the phonetrc hlstory or tnri
progresslon because the
"old slav.c' -r"- sound is rdcntlcal tothe oquivareni
sound
in the agglutlnatlvo languages.
Sumerlan:
dl.alcct:
01d iilavlc.
cf.
Lit. l".longo1l-an:
Altalc Turklsh:
Chagatei:
Sulyuan:
OId Slavicl
Srunerlan:
01d Slavlc:
lel l42r2ho = eyc, to soe
ideg llp1 66c o fLguro, appcarancc
vldt= u.s.
vrdB-tl = to see ...
blEl - to rrlte
pf6tt = wrltlng, book
piEf-6tn - rrtter
plfi- - to nrite
plY -,lA = f nrlte, etc.
e, J9l, 2fi,a - to
1-rt
go
ctna = price, wages
to value, tax
LLt. Mongollanl
Eonc- =
old lilavlc!
"tdS = r
.l'{ongollan:
ruedc-
01d Slavic:
rt-U - rlver, widc rivcr
liongollan:
uru-s - to flow, strean
6riie = r,rldc rlver etc.
Iakutt
OId Slavlc:
pt-tf - to slng
6-t- = slng : the p-sound <lropped
pot-g - I slng I I = a ftI]er
Osnan!
OId Slsyls.
01d Slavic:
- snor,r
l-ksq = frost
sl7l-lgen = anovt
sci r; - s piece of lce
sntgts
Tunguslan:
sl?
cf.
r'.ongolLanl
Chagatal:
Ll.t.
Mongollan:
Hungar!.an:
elcge-de- * rtchly, overflow
el6g -
6nouU5
01d Sl-avlc:
llch% = overflordng
cf. Mongollan:
ellJede - richly, overflow
Taranchan:
Fret _ na4y, very many
Thc inltial a-sound dlsappeared from
the 01d Slav.la wsrd.
Supposedly
the Inrlo_Europcan al_ anrt _ol_ became
B/E tn 01d Slavlc.
Thls is not necessarlly so becauee:
01d Slavlc:
cB1% * wholer healthy
Sunerlan!
sll E u.s.
/cI. the exarnples shown on p. 116/
3a? = thin lcc
se1 = piece of lce
Kaza.k:
Phonetlcg and morphologr:
EriBgt
(
Tungusl.an:
prt-lBp-t-ti = to stlck
yapI$ = to sttck
yapiur - to adhere, stJ,ck
01d Slavlc:
Ulghur:
3ie-69
Chuwash:
The
Slaylq.
ou-sound
g
u,..
ls also e resuLt of the clonqatlon of tho vowcl...
pouat% = deserted, emplv
^P
Old Turkish:
Uighur:
xstng{a
si71_
osnan!
O1d
know
- to know, decldc
pous-t?,
buz- = destroy, annlhllate
buz- - u.s.
-L22-
Kazanl-Tatar:
Chuwash:
cf.
SunerLan!
:L23-
cs6ke-Botog
bcz- - spoll
pf s- s u.s.
pus- - u,s.
pad l+69,6 - to
Thc
origln of the nasal
Old Slavic:
destroy
Sumcrian:
OId Slavlc:
Sorbo-Croatlan:
plural:
oucho = car
cf.
ucho = ursr
o5r -
OsrBn:
cf.
earrt
01d Turklsh:
Sunerlan:
iiro- - to hear
zrl, ?o o to hcarr percelve,
"uY
01d SlavLc:
Serbo-Croatlanl
01d Turki.sh:
ot di-tt ' to teach
ull-tt - u.".
uqlt- = to teach,
6tc.
Cs6ko-Eotog
sounds
Pd\t6 - flve
bad 69151+ - to open, opcn
Uu-bad 354rlll+ - open hand
p5rnXd - thc flve flngers;
Sert:
pandE
* fLvc
Hungorlan :
menc9
=
Pew
...
of thls ilord-fenlly lE thc SumerLan word whlch
flve fingers end the palm. Therc are no Indo-!]uropsan
characterlstlcs Ln lt ...
Note:
The anclcnt form
ncans nopen handl the
Bhare, Gtc.
In the dlphthong -ou-, the u-eound has an l-sound as an anteccdcnt:
01d Slavic:
611- * preflx
Sunsriani
a1- = u.s.
Hungarlan:
eI- - u.r.
Old Slavlc:
Finnlsh dLalect:
sllb%- tooth
Sobu-f,ar = polnt, polnted
haarbaz * tooth ... etc.
01d Sl-avic:
Suncrlan:
bad 69126
the root:
Hungarl-an:
ob-ou-ti - to
paw
pandXuk = hand
dress
llongolLan:
ou-
^c
8r-t ...
HungarJ-an:
- Gold Sllver
pad2 = u.a.
p'ez - rnoncy
p6nz r llrsr
Old Slavlc:
oum?a- underEtandlng
Hungarlan:
cl"nc = understandlng, splrlt, eensc
alma)6ma ... - spplc
cf.
Hungarlan:
OId Slavlcl
p5ncz r roar
ptnn54 = sllver coln, etc.
l4ctathesis
llnally, Otd 6lavic:
slouga - servant
Serbo-Croatlan:
sluga s rre.
szolga - u.s.
Hungarian:
old form:
old form:
Suruerian:
Old Slavlc:
Ancient Sl-avlc:
Llthuanian:
sculga = u.a.
szuluSe:-ga=sufflx
sulu 12, 129 * ptqittu = lnspection, oupport,
authorlty, admlnistratlon, place, etc.
conunlsslon,
grad6- clty
xgord?
Al-banlan:
gardas = fencc
garth = fence
Gothlc
garda
:
Sunerlan:
cf.
= (sheep) pen, (cattle) pound
gar 597t7 ' enelose, surround, enclogure
kar j26x, I = darn, wal1, ralllng
Hungarlan!
earid - fcnce, flll,
dtke, ditch
garsin - sheep enclosure
LappN:
- fencc, encJ-ogure
qorlJa - fenced In yard
Klrglz:
Qora = cattls pen
lr'ranchurl-an:
f orxo = u.t. et,c.
Note: The Sumerlan-llunga,rlan word forrn - gardd - ls thc arrclont sourcc of
th.'lslavlc"language word foruatlon - gordd, grad, ctc.
The Hungarlan -garad) Old Slavle: gradlb... In this casc, thcre
vae no necosslty for transposltlon. Thc vowel ln the first sy11abl6
sinrply dlsappeared ...
Flnnlsh:
Llt. Ilongollan:
-r25-
cgdkc-Botoa
-124a-
karsLna
Old Slevlc:
glagol% -
cf.
cf.
Rucsian:
Hungarlen dlalcct:
cf.
Chuwssh:
L1t.
Mongollan:
ulghurt
Turklsh:
Flnnlsh:
Sunerl"ant
cf.
Old $lavlc:
Anelent Slavlc:
bfBg$ - bank, slopc
xberg% /tcchnlcal term/
Avesta:
S€tnskrltt
bafQ uah
- mountalnr helght
brhant - hlgh
breg - h1ll
bar 74t 215 - hlghr to bc ralsed...
Thls word ls of Sunerian orlgln...
Serbo-Croatlan:
Sunerlan:
01d Slavlc:
Anclent Slavl-c:
cf. Russl-an:
Whltc-Russlan:
Suuerl,an:
dlelecL:
nttko - nllk
inclko * /technlcal
nolokd = dlk
term/
nalakd = urer
- rleh nllk
12ar"3l9,9
u.s.
'tmar Llngul-sta crnphaslzc the Indo-Europcan orig{n of thls word but the
truth says dlfferentlyt
cf.
Akkedian:
cs6kc-Boboo
word
glagol-r-ti = say, apeak
6ologol-1-t?- chet
Salegyol, galatyol - talk rlthout
kalatyol, kcletyol
kala- = spcak
kclc- - to oay, speak
liri'niEr - lnterprctcr
kcllne - word
klclt - tongu.c, Ianguage
85 l5r5 - spcak,word
ka 1Jr2 - nouth
qtlu - volcc, call
qCIu * to call, scrcam
SuncrLan:
ge1-84 27813 = order, runour
cf.
g6los
Russian:
Oect:
substanco
- aound
/alas - u.s.
cf. wLth thesc conncctlons:
bur. 71r lld = erl"bur
cf.
buru, - u.s.
4
Rur6ient
voron r u. !t .
SunerLan:
ravcn
Thc languagc rhlch ls called tt0ld Slavlctt ls nelther Slavlc nor
Indo-European but belongs ln the fan11y of agglutlnatl-ve languages nhlch,
Rulel
Ln phonetic hlstory, becanc a dcterlorated language form.
01d Slavic:
Ancl"ent SLavic:
Sansltrit:
Llt.
Mongollan:
llungarlan:
gledZ - hunger
* gold% /technlcal- tern/
gddl-.tt = greed
- hungry, starved
furi-fu
gornJradozlk- droop
-L26-
vtaO-t-ti * nlte
valditi 'ur3r
bala p, 16 * govcrnmcnt, perlod of nd_c, yaer of rlle,
OId Slavlc:
Llthuanian:
Srurerlant
b) v I
Phonetl"cs:
is a
Ianguages
Cs6kc-Botoe
regent
a progrossl-on which can be shown 1n tho Indo-Europcan
borror,d.ng
Old Slavlct
cf. Russian:
cf. Sansbrlt
Basklrian:
Cherenlss:
fron thc Sumcrlan...
6r&a - or{cr, ror, hcrd
dercda r Euccesslon, Ecqucnce
- herd
"("aUf,
slrat * row
f,crct - llnc
I'longollan:
Ecrcd = u.s.
6crgE = row,
J."gc = Iine
Chagatal:
dX8rgi = u.a.
Manchurlan:
dEergc
Ruaslan:
Old Turklsh:
Turkish:
cf.
ouccesslon
'urer
sfre - Iinc, etc.
01d Turkish:
Llt. llongollan:
Osnan:
tlt. ltongollan:
Osrtren:
Hungarl-an:
tar
Ycr
396,
Lg -
L52, 23b
siiriig -
bc numcrouEr @r\y, plcnty, croud
* pilc; troop,
but:
and
[or
Hungarlent
cscr-da, csor-da, etc.
RussLan:
Eer-ed,
Old Slavlc:
6"taa
-
hcrd
Uerc-da
Thc entire word-farul}y belongs to the agglutlnatlve languagoo.
The Germant Schar - troop, regJ.ment, is derLvcd from the Suncrian wordt
Var, whether they llke lt or notl
-frt- tr. = devour, suallow
-{,Ar-n = I cilallow
Llt. ltongollan:
Jal.ara- - svallow, devour
Kalnuck:
a61-g1- - u.s.
osman:
Jal.*rar : sna.llow
f,lrglz:
Ja}-na- u.s. ... otc.
Phonrtlcar the final r I ...
01d $lavlc:
cf.
cf.
cf
hcrd
Y.r
Baskirlan:
Icr
slr-at : Olrot : JdrJi = u.s.
Flnnish
: JirJe
= rangc, order
ur,271,
Suncrlanl
band
- hcrd of cattle
siirii s rrsr
Uerlg - army, troop
[drl - u.g.
I. sor - 11nc
2. sercg = reglmcnt
l. csorda, cscrda etc. - hcrd
sfr-a :
ser-cg - reglmont
sur_
I
srirrig
Morphology: Sunerian:
Turkl-sh:
30r - llnc
Hungarlan:
Altelc
cstkc-Botoa
rf
In Old S1avlc, the lxo words bccenc onr:
SurncrLan:
-I27-
Old Slavlc;
ancLent forn:
Cf. Old Slavic:
ancient forn:
OLd
Slavlc:
J8
gud-ur3-ra = plough-stccr
uru4 5615 - cultlvate, plant
urur, 2551 28 = to harrow the fleLd
ral"o - plough
+ordlo
...
ratai - ploughman
xorlaJ6.i.
ra-s-tL
Sumerlan:
rur-44lr3
OId Slavlc:
1%
Llt.
Mongollan:
Kalmuck:
= grod
-
u.s.
g-a-ti = lle
alt' u-r = fraudr deeeitful
al{i-r -
u.s.
128J
Thc
Csoko-Botos
a- and o-sounds 1n Old S1av1c
_r29_
Old Slavlc:
the root:
Sumerian:
popil - pricet
pap 6O12 - hlgh
Hungarl-an:
pap
919 9ravrc.:
01d Slavlc:
Llt.
Mongollan:
- pricst
morlc - aca
- widc rlver
Sumerian:
oko * eyc
u86 449, 145d
OId Slavlc:
analyzed:
novG a
no-v-'lb
Sumcrian:
Old Slavic:
conbl-ned:
01d Slavlc:
cf. 01d Slavic:
analyzcd:
a9 - u.6.
Eastern Turkleh:
s, ,
as-KaK
' oar, etc.
Old Slavlc:
ves -tl = lead
af
nur - wetcr
Sumerian:
mar 597r38r 267b * flood
cf.
me 5'19,L9 - watcr
In this cese once agaLn we eannot epeak of strlctly
orlgln...
ldordvLnlan:
Flnnlsh dlalcct:
SumcrLen:
Indo-Europcan
Kolbal:
OId Turklsh:
1.h,
vcd-c-t'6 - u.s /suplne/
vcda- - u.s.
vcDa - u.s.
uJ 2Ure9 = gulde, 1ead, follow, pull
uz- - lead
uduz - lcad etc.
Slavlc t,/drl-sound
= lgl. l&9r7 - rac, look, cy. ...
OId Slavic:
Chagatal:
t'B.a - belief, rcllglon
6rim - hopc, expectaLlon, superstltion, lmaglnation
irfun = u.o.
nu
lJr6 - denlalr no
,16 hl+9 1195 - see, look
Llt.
erLm
'rnu-u
01d Slavlc:
ncvt
Osnan:
Mongollan:
no-r-fta not seen - new
nev6 sta = fiancee
ns-v{5a-t"a = not knorm ,..
cf.
cf.
Sumerlan:
nu-ga 7r,56 -
Old Sl,avic:
weak
HungarJ-an:
nya-va-Lya = weakness ...
cf.
Sunerl"an:
nu f!r5 = denialr no
gu2 106, 762/1 - to dress oncself; clothlng
Old Slavlc:
conbLned:
*nu-gu - undressed
Lit. I'iongollan:
Old Slavlc:
n4846
cf. Sunerlan:
me
Old Slavic:
,..
Thc Old
- u6 449,
Equivalent Sumerlan conblnatlons:
combl,ned:
row
Chsgetal:
n<iren
Korean:
ves-lo - oar
ves- ! v-prothesls
as- !
Oe[an:
prlcst, prlest
cs'dke-Botos
g
nakcd
Ji2, 39/$ * volce, speech, to
*nu-mc - does not speak, dumb
nenrf,
-
durnb
...
speak
-
hopc
r3'gr 2lJc 2/J ' speak, tark,
rek-fi = f say
rf,dG - speech
say
{tta 6z13 * ltght, pure, clear
evlt-a-tl - to becone 1lght
sv4rt-t-tl = to J-lghten, etc.
ctna _ prlco
Eeno- - va1ue, tax
-13Q:
cs6kc-Botor
-131-
Thc Old Slavl-c l-sound
Old Slavic: N. Sg. F. sl - thls
demonstrative pronoun: s4
(dtese)
Thc Old SLavlc 4-sound
Slqvlc:
Surncrlan:
Old
Er6tcn4o = red
kur-un 6f, Ur/zu+/]'ll:a
Flnnlsh:
slcllii - there
Phonetlcs: k) E palatallzatlon ...
OId $lavic:
lska-tl = Iook for
tstii- - to look for, rlsh
lste- - u.s.
Old Slavlc:
01d Twklsh:
Turklsh:
anclent
OId Sl"avlcl
Mongollan:
Tungusian:
01d Slavlc:
Llt. liongollan:
Kalnruck:
01d Slsvlcl
Cherenlss:
Zyrian:
liordvinian:
Sumerian:
-
red
priovB = flrst
+pgvvb
blr - oner flrst
plr = u.s.
blr - u.s.
pDrrparar!u.3.
f,orm:
01d Turkish:
cf'
Slavlc R6-sound
blo'lt-|'l * bc, cxlst
bti- ! u.s.
bl- - u.s. ...
The 01d
risSkc-Botot
Turklsh:
Chuwash:
The 01d SLavlc f-sound
nrbb-lt
The 01d Sl_avlc and evon the SIav languages have no lnltlal
or flnal f-sound. Thls ls tmc, ln moot cascs, of the aggrutinatlve Jan6uapo;,
cxccpt for Hungarlan. For exanplc, ln Sl"6ys1, only onc orlgj.nal wortl-fonn
has en lnitlal f-sound: f6<a - f(Jl (Hung.) ' bl.ow! Thts ts an
ononntopoelc word, borrowcd fron thc Finno-Ugrlc languages ,...
Tha Slavlc languagcs, ln thet casc, ere also closely related to the
mSEt<-
Hongol-Tungueian languagee.
ab$t4o - satisfiedr full
Eaa- - bccone satlsfled, aatlsfy o.s.
tsat- - u.s.
- to wash
- u.a. /-5t- = repetetivo gufflx,/
{r$k- - u.s.
rnuFkf- - u.s.
ne, 579,1+5 - to dampen, rLnse
In closlng I quote Dr. Tlbor narftn:
rrIhe exlstencc
A Magyar l:dpek 6st6rtdnete
I. pr,:l
of a language and the famlly group to whlch il
belongs l-s deterrined by its gramnar, phonetlcs and its vocaburary.'l
The 01d S1avlc % -sound
Old Slavlc:
Sumerlan:
Old Slavlc:
Sumcrian:
d{6no - ground, floor
dun^ 595.8/27 = deen
J'
kv|vb = blood
kunrn^ 3O9,h = u.s.
r berleve that r have l-n every rcspeet fulflrled the above mentlorrc<l
mle. There ls no nOld Slaylctr languagc. The lrnguaqc whleh ls called
trOld Slavlcr! la a regular agglutlnative
language whose phoneblcs, ln Lhe
coulse of phonetlc hl-story, have deteriorated.
rt ls rny convlctlon that the above-monil.oned proofs are irrefutablc...
Csoko-Botor
llPltmuE
The
wrltor of thi-s book hae presentcd to the reader thc structural
the phonetLc hlstory of the language whlch ls callcd
connectl-ons and
OId S1avlc.
Wc can
Btete the followl-ng rules:
1. The language which ls called O1d Slavlc ls an agglutlnative language
ln lts structure.
2. The language whlch ls calrad old slavic has word forratlons slrnlfar to
those of the agglutlnatlve languages, wlth ldcntlcal elenents.
3. The 01d slavLc noun formatlon, together vlth its elements, ls Ldentlcal
to the equlvalent ln the agglutlnative languages.
4. Tho old slavlc noun sufflxos and thelr elements arc not of rndo-European
orlgLn but are identical to the cquLvalent formg ln the a(glutLnatlv. languages.
,. The 01d slavic verbal formatlon ard lts cfements are ldentlcar to the
equlvaLent structure and clements of the egglutlnatlve languages.
6. The 01d slavlc verbal sufflxcs end their ercments ere idcntlcel to
the equlvalent structure and el-ehcnts of the agglutinartlvc languagcs.
7. Seveniy percent of thc vocabulary of the fold Slavl"e" Ianguge lt not
of rndo-European orLgln but ldentlcal to the equlralcnts ln the srmrerlanUral-Altalc languages.
8. The vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc languagc har also fifteen pcrcent of
Indo-0uropean related words.
9. Flve percent of the vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc language can be shown
to have strictly Indo-European eonnectlons.
IO. In the language whtch ls caIled OId Slavle, we can lndicate the
rlgid characteristlcs of phonctlc harmorgr.
11. rn the Ord slavlc languagc, thc gendcr dl"ffcrentl-ation, in the course
of language progresslon, through folk etyrnology, rlth the help of the
denonstratlve pronouns, has a conpound constructlon, bherefore Lt ls not
an orlglnal gender dlfferentiatlon.
-T?J-
Csoke-llo to
r
12. Tho nanes of the numerale in the language called OId Slavlc are rnt
of Indo-European or5.gln aither; they are not orlginal nunerafs but carr
be shown to origlnatc from equlvalent forms ln the agglrrtlnatlvo larrgrvr1l"r.
13. The Old Slavlc: g]ovbn6sk|o
analyzed:
slov-tn-6 sk?
ard
analyzcd:
slovtnc
slovJUn-e
ncanlng: Slavl-c and Slav. Thls shows that llngulsts falslfied thls
mearr.lrrg
Just ln order tolronsurerrhlstorlcally the name flslav't. Thcso worrj fornrs
ln ectuallty are the OId Slavlc noun : slovo ( slov-o = word . wlth the
addcd
sufflx varlatlons!l I
Lot us analyze the norphology of the word:
Old Slavicl
el"ov-o = word
1. slov-Bn-{sk'A * ln agreement 'rlth Lhe word
2. sfovj$n-e = ln agrcement wlth the wortis
Thercfore lt docs not mean ItSlavlc,l
These wcrrds havc no connccf,Lons wlth the nane of the peoplo - lilavbut they are varl-antg of the norrl : slovo wtth adjectlve srrfflxes...
Wtth the spreadlng of Chrlstlanity, the rrslavlc apostlestt, Cvrll nnrt
Method, oxplalned the Blble ln the language of the people, therefore,
naccordLng to the wordtt: slortbnZsk%, and not ln Latin...
Thls ls the truth, llke tt or not...
IS conclusJ-on ls:
The knorm lrrltten language form of the language whlch iC calfecl
ItOld Slavlcr'ls the product of the language of the Hungarlan trlbes,
Kadosa and Zodrd. Thcsc trlbes cane fron the couthern part of tho
Caucasus to Joln irpadrs lbgyars and then they separated from them anrl
settled ln the Balkan penlnsula, from the clty of DureJ Lo Salonlca...
I quote Badlny: fatae{t6f Istergarnlg, p, lJ:
rr The history of rnanklnd, recorrled ut_r to presenl tlme, to a gr.nr,
cxtent, lacks real data. This hlstory was not wrltten accordlng Lo ilrr flrrrllrrpr
of archeology, anthropologr and llngulstics but according to a liactor whleh
we cannot call sclentlflc -- power -- whlch sclentific lnterpretatlon alwrvrr
publlclsetl in ils own interests..rl
edJ.
_735-
Csoke-Botoa
tule:
The language whlch
ls called O1d slavlc ls aldeterlorated'forn of the
is of Latln or Engllsh of Gcnaan. Th{s
Csdke-Bot,'
rrr
Blbliography
Hungarian language Just as Prench
ls the truth and nothlns else...
Slavlc:
H.H. BieLfel-dt, Altslawlsche Granrnatik, Nloneyer Publlshing to, *,rt," lr)61.
Dr. H. Brluer,
S1-awlsche Sprachwlssenschaft
I.II.III.
W. de Cruyter tCo.
Ber).in,
1961.
Bernekcr-Wagmer, Russlschc Gra"nrnatlk, San.Gdschen. Ber11n, N.Y. 192f.
V.S. faraalt6, Srpskl ReEntk. Prosvcta, Belgrad. 1966.
Stelczer, ir$<t, Cseh-Magyar Szlotir. (Dlctlonary) Budapeet. 1!6/
Paultny-Ru*ftka-Slolc, Slovensk( gramatika. SPN. Bratislava. 1968
Chrenkov{-Tank5, Magyar-sz1ovik,/ selovSt<-magyar ez5tdr(dictlonary) SiN.
Jt".
1973
Ural-Altalc:
ll
/
Budena Jdzsef, Az ugor rlyelvek <isszehasonlft6 afaktana. lifA. 8p.188!.
Szlnrlyel J6zsef, Magyar nyelvbsszehasonlftds, H.V. Budapest. I92O
Lak5 Gy6rgy, A magyar sz6k6szlet fLnnugor elenel. I.II.AK. Budapest. IgZl
KnLczea
Istv/n,
A magyar qyelv sz1lav Jdvev6nyszaval.I.II. AK.
udaPesL' 19'/lr'
.
'
Radanovlcs K5ro1y,
Eszakl-osztJ6k rqyelvtan. AK. Budapest. 1961.
Bereczki G6borr0serernlsz nyelvk8nyv. TK. Budapest. 19?I.
f{fm{n e5fa, Manysi nyelvkbnyv. TK. Budapest. I!J!.
Toivonen-Itkonen-Joki, Suomen-klelen-etymologinen sanakirJa. SUS.
SUS.
Dr. J. Benzlng,
LarnrtLsche Orarnmatlk.
Helslnki.l97O.
F. STclner.
D1c TungusLschsn .)paacherr.
Wlesbaden. 1955.
F.Stetner. Wiesbaden.l?56.
N. Poppe, Gramnar of wrltten I'longollan. 0H. lliesbaden. 1964.
Vergleichende Granunatik der alLaischep Sprachen. I.
Otl.
rilesbaden.196O.
G.J. RarnstedtrElnfiihrung in die altaische Sptachrissenschaft.. I.II.
SUS.
llelslnkl.
Kalmiicklsches W6iterbuch. SUS. HeIsinki. 1935.
1952.
CsSke-Botoa
l'Iarttl R6s'inen, versuch ernes otyrnologlschen w6rtcrbuches
dcr Tiirksprachen.
SUS. Hclslnki. 1969.
A. von Gabain, Alttiirkischc Grarunatl-k. IIEB_VerIag. Letpzle.
1949.
H.J. Kla sltng, Osraanlsch-tlirktsche Grarunatik.OH. Wlcsbaden.lg6o
R.S. Gazlzov, ?atarskiJ Jazyk.TKI. fazjn.lg60
NadeJaev*Nesllov-Ten1lev-Slcrbak, DrevnetJursklJ
slovarJ.Nauka.
Lenlngrad.1969.
D.R. Fokos-Fuchs, holle dcr Syntax...0H. Wlesbadon.lg62
A.M. S6erbak,
SravnltelJnaJa fonetlka tJursklch
Jazykov. AN. Lenlngrad.lgZO.
U.VirnU'ery, Alt-osnanlsche Studlen. E.J. Brtl1. Lelden.
1901.
Erl eh Hauer, Handwbrterbuch der l4andschusprache.0H. Wlasbadcn.l952.
Feher J. i,iityis, Avar k6nyvek.I.II.lfISZ. Buenos
Al"res. 19?2.
Anclent, Near-Bast:
ArnoPoebel
<ler sumerigchen Gramnatlk.EV. Rostock. 1923.
r
P. A.Delme1, Surnorlsches
"Grundziige
RenE
labat,
Lexlkon.I.II.III.IV.V.
Manuel dr6plgraphle Akadicnnel.tNl
Romo. 1934.
parls.
1963.
I.M.Dlakonoff, Hunlsch und Urartilsch. R. Kitzlnger. Munleh.l97l.
W.V. Tlll,Koptlsche Gramnatlk, VEB verl. Lelpzlg.
I9ZO.
Dr. sarith ribor, A maryar ndpek Sstbrt6nete. r.II.rrr. Montreal.
1975.
Badiny J.Ferenca fataeSt6t Istergarnlg. Buenos Alres.
19?1.
Csdke S6ndorrSundr-nagyar iisszohasonl{t6 qyelvtan.TA.
Buenoo
Alrcs.
Sum5r-flnn-mongol-tbriik 6sszehasonllt6 nyel-v_tan.
F0.Buenos Aires.IgTl+h6.
1922.
Indo-European:
Ealdc-Pokorny, Vergleichendes l'rdrterbuch der
lndogermanischen Spraehen. I.
II .
Gnryter Verl.BerLin_Lelpztg. 1950.
K' voretsch/G.Borfo, Ej.nfiihrugrn das studruro dcr altfranzdslschen
sprache.
M. Nierneyer Verl. Tiblngen. 1955.
W.de