The Importance of Being Earnest

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“Always forgive your enemies.
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SATIRE: Seeks public reform, improved standards, or a heightened awareness of a corrupt society. Irony, wit, exaggeration and
extremes all help to raise audience awareness. Satire sometimes
uses strong character types as targets of critique instead of identifying specific people. The author relies on the audience to recognize
“clues” in order to understand the target of the satire.
COMEDY OF MANNERS: Portrays the manners, conventions
and stylized fashions of the upper classes in an artificial,
sophisticated society. Romantic plots often turn on illicit or amoral
romantic affairs. Humor is expressed through witty language,
character “types” (such as fops or jealous husbands) and making fun
of characters who fail to conform to the conventional attitudes and
manners of an elegant society.
FARCE: Broad physical comedy, built on tightly constructed
plots about middle-class characters. Exaggerated situations (often
about love, sex, and money) push characters to rush at frantic
paces, slamming doors and hiding in closets. Farce builds to
absurd situations, but in the end, stability of relationships and class
hierarchy is restored.
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INVERSION: the reversal of words from their expected order in
a sentence. Wilde uses inverted statements to satirize Victorian
morality and society. Algernon’s remark, “Divorces are made in
Heaven,” undermines the institution of marriage by inverting the
popular saying that “marriages are made in heaven.” When Jack
declares “It is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that
all his life he’s been telling nothing but the truth,” Wilde comments
upon the hypocrisy of this society.
EPIGRAM: a short, witty, and often paradoxical saying (example:
“A stitch in time saves nine”). Epigrams allow Wilde to display his
own mastery of language, literature, and life and to challenge the
wit of his listener.
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WITTICISM: a clever witty and often biting or ironic remark.
Nearly every line spoken in the play is a kind of witticism.
WORDPLAY: playful use of words.
“ Art is the only serious thing in the world.
And the artist is the only person who is never serious.”
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“ Do not speak ill of society, Algie.
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“ The amount of women in London who flirt with their
own husbands is perfectly scandalous.”
All women were expected
to maintain the home and
carry on the family line,
but after the childbirth,
wealthy women could still
enjoy a leisurely lifestyle.
With inheritances or their
husband’s income, they
could take control over
a portion of the family’s
financial resources to
hire governesses and
servants to take care of
their homes while they
spent time elsewhere. It
became a status symbol
for a man when his wife
was able to spend her
time appreciating the arts
and socializing.
Lower Class
Husband and wives
worked more as a team
to maintain farmlands
but remained segregated
in defined roles. Women
and girls carried out
housework and prepared
meals. Like the aristocratic women, middle
and working class women
had control over some
financial matters in the
family. They would sell
items at the markets in
order to gain money to
buy goods needed for the
household.
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The aristocratic gentleman generally was associated with government,
law, higher education
and business but he was
expected to also be familiar with art, poetry and
literature. Dueling and
sports were also a part of
maintaining the appearance and lifestyle of an
aristocrat. Gentlemen
were largely considered
aristocratic and respectable by the occupation
they held.
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While the women carried out housework on
the farm, men and boys
worked in the fields and
cared for farm animals.
The lower class also included a class of factory
workers who labored for
long hours and low wages.
The sons of factory workers could expect either to
take over their fathers'
jobs or work beside them
in the mill.
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“ A man who desires to get married should
know either everything or nothing.”
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The Importance of Being Earnest

Transcription

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