n e v a, ^pril gth, 1932 To the Secretary

il 111
7 .M . 2 0 8 .1 9 7 2 ,VII
Mjpi.iunioat_ed__tr_ t_h_o_ - r u n -i 1
7~i~~the M embers of the Le:. :.ue
n e v a , ^ p r i l gth, 1932
.irrL.-iL F R O M TriL CLlirnSL G 0 7 ^RÎ7,M,L
OcriL.iunicati on f r o m the J a p anese D e l e g a t i o n .
N o t e b y the S e c r e t a r y - G.lenerai.
en
The S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l has the honour to c i r c u l a t e the
fellowint com rani cation, elated A p r i l 7 th, 1972 w h i c h he has r e c e i v e d
from the J a p a n e s e D e l e g a t i o n .
75/ 1 9 3 2 .
. x p r i l 8 tt..,
1932.
To the Secretary-General.
The Jc p n'rse Government, pursuant t o the r e s o l u t i o n s of
the Council of the Lea. ue of Lotions of Sep tember xcth and
December 10 t h , 1331, has auly kept the Council informed nf the
•onf li°t dur in.
the
few months
Ac tin.; on i n s t r u c t i o n s f r o m my G o v e r n m e n t , I h a v e the
to f o r m e r ! h e r e w i t h a further com. ,runi cation ari sin: out
two a b o v e - m e n t i o n
resolutions, concern in. t h e ,
.e n e r a l
honour
tl
31 b"Lici u OÎ.
jl
j. *
x
' si
n o cl j
ij
i.0
J a p a n e s e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e on the C o u n c i l
of the L e a ;-ue o f Dations.
CO,
1)
The
p o l i c y l a i d d o w n in the C o u n c i l ’s r e s o l u t i o n s
September 3 0 th an d D e c e m b e r
the line o f none no t w h i ~ h
1 0 th,
1 9 3 1 , was in perfect
the J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t
manchuria.
the
soon as
th e p r o t e c t i o n
of
a g r e e m e n t with
proposed
to f o l l o w
1 y a n cepte d the se re so
ef or e w il li 11 1
.AX.
i1 d be a ble to pu t
hop ed tha t it WO '
i'b.em into o p e r a t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l j cls re.. ard s the
Japanese t r o o p s as r a p i d l y
of
wi thdr a w ■ 1 of
as po ssib le w ith in the
r aifw 'ey zc ne
th e
as
the li ves and P re per ty of J a pian ese na tien
''>’&§ e f f e c t i v e l y p r o v i d e d for.
2)
F o l l o w ! n,
m ajority
f l e d,
its
of
troops
the
upon th e
o fficials
were
incident
o f Septemb :r 1 0 th o f l a s t
of th e K orth - a s t e r n
disorganised
and d i s o r d e r
Government had
soon te v a n
to p r e v a i l
throu,;_hout Ma n c h u r i a .
To r e m e d y t h i s
^-h.ht h a v e b e e n f o l l o w e d
s i t u a t i o n and r e s t o r e
on t h e
Chinese
send o f f i c i a l s t o M a n c h u r i a t o r e - o r
t fu r‘° p s a n a t o u s r * . : s t o r e t r a n q u i l l i t y
side.
m ise
order,
t wo m e t h o d s
The f i r s t
ana r a l l y
ana s e c u r i t y
year,
the
tc
?,r.s t o
Chinese
the
■■oun t r y
The
s e o o n i was th e
local
o r n s n i s a t i c n s and. bv t h -
: ) As r e g a r d s
Cover njpent
ty
even m t h . a v i e w t o
-r. c i t e d
side.
the
first
could n o t but
resented
cf t h e
r e - e s t a b i i shmen
s+
a^mcsphere
'Canine
of
face
c
j hem
jT'3ar s o f
it pc n e c e s s a r y
as
ire c t n e s o t i a t ic r s t e t w •e - t h o
'pcio ns
it
stated
of t ]
its
Chinese
cf
forces,
o rd e r, in ccneequen^n
ri s C h i n e s e
p r: 'I j r; r o ri 0 3 g
collisions
cn
t f ^ x, i \ ’0 iv f o l i c
c o u.
in
.
io u s .
"netv~
t h ■; : w0 n u t i c n s >v
*- ■. 7 • ir ^a n*■ s s e
s t ct
a first
Japane s e
i n d s 6 i.
ter.r-ir r
a c t 1r r
c c —o p e r a t i v e
i.s , t h e
f ^ l l c w i n s u v cn t h e
vr s
the
it self .
f ci c e o f .Jar a n -33c e.ni Gh i no 0 ;*o "*? 6 s
f i r s t method
pc: 3 ne c e 3 o u r y t o r e l i e v e
LÎ ? t i o n
&;r eat d a n g e r w h i c h w o u l d
f s 0 _l i n fz b c Xxi c n
tension
c m ro i f - t,"**-j •pn
the
sir.r-le m a in te n a n c e
q of
ir.p resen ce
rn
nf
a r e a s sorhr l i r r
t hh e
and m a i n t e n a n c e
l e vo r nme n t
r.hi r. d i r e v t i • r. t o
<--r
countries.
ide^-s on t h i s p o i n t
r e - ' a s '.
in itiate
Cn s e v e r a l
bet
(J JO ]_
C
: 1xiicr; 1 n
cutset of
"■so se
,r
ve rnr:.3nt
ip t h e
" r o i c su l
-
: ; - !_
0
5
0
incidents
iP
' ,
r
y # a
Journal
r>
r i
t-
T
g
v.1931,
v i T, O f f i c i a l
J views
in
its
in r e p l y
note
to
nvelfth
in
in 4 sic
h
i s s : ins
a m ixed S in - J a p a n e s e
fic i'a l
■c
r rorrurped
M inister
for
the
n i e s t i o n , thir~|cr,Q ; ^ 0 çs P OT11 y
t c i ". s' c c n s c o n c e r n i n g
'rsc i t t e e
- Dnc.C.87£.I
and
Yea
d e c l a r a t i o n n f Septenbç
:4th,
J r u r n a l do r o s e
7I t ro. . o a t o d
2477).
C. r c 9.
o f O c t o b e r O t h , 1X51 (Dp o .O. FS
t h e C h i n e s e G o v e r n m e n t ' s nc
R--d s t a t e d :
" J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t c o n s i d e r s me s t u r -'ont t a ;
c f moment i s c o l l a o r r a t - i o n o f
u s t w o Jove snm ent s v 1 1
w t o <■>a l m i n p e >: c i t e d n "t io^I'; 1
e l i *. s s by r a r 1 ixy
u s d amei: t a l
l i s h i r. 2 t h r o u t?h d i r e o t ne p o t 1 a.1 1 ■ r
3 0 a [ a ; 1 e of "•on o t . i t U " i n p a h a s i s n 1l o wi no 0
n nc e n a t i n a 1 1 e s 1 i r 0 s
-0. t i o n r f n orrr. a l r e l a t i r n s .
.11 a y e d ■ y d i r 0 ^ t> n o s o t i a t i o n
J a r 0.ne s e t r o o p s mi - h t
w ith o u t overmuch a p p r e h e n s io n r e t u r n e n t i r e l y
t o r a i l w a y zone , t h u s f a c i l i t a t i n g a s s - r t i c n o f
a u t h o r i t y and m a i n t e n a n c e o f o r d e r i n l o c a l i t i e s
in q u e s ti o n ” .
In i t s
reply
v the C o u n c i l ,
'fficial
of
October
dated O ctober
Journal
do. page
1 2 th to
9 t h , 1931
2484 ) t h e
the
apoeal
of the P re sid e n t
( C . 7 C 6 .M .3 1 2 . 1 9 3 1 . V I I .
Japanese
Government f u r t h e r
sail
lit J a r a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t c o n s i d e r s t h a t i n t h e x i s t i n g c i r c u m s t a n c e s th e most p r e s s i n g n e c e s s i t y i s
tc r e l i e v e th e t e n s i o n b etw ee n th e J a p a n e s e and C h in e s e
p e o p l e s by m u t u a l c o - o p e r a t i o n .
To t h i s e n d i t i s
e s s e n t i a l to a g r e e upon c e r t a i n m ain p r i n c i p l e s
to
form a f o u n d a t i o n f o r th e m a in te n a n c e of norm al
r e l a t i o n s Xe t w e -n t h e two c o u n t r i e s .
Once t h e s e
p r i n c i p l e s h a v e b e e n l a i d do wn, t h e s t a t e o f t e n s i o n
b e t w e e n t h e tw o n a t i o n s w i l l u n d o u b t e d l y r e l a x and t h e
J a p a n e s e f o r c e s w i l l be a b l e t c r e t i r e w i t h o u t
a p p r e h e n s io n w i t h i n th e South M anchurian r a i l w a y z o n e .
The J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t i s p r e p a r e d t c o p e n n e g o t i a t i o n s
w i t h t h e r e s p o n s i b l e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s c f C h in a on t h e s e
fundament a l p o i n t s '' .
.
Cn O c t o b e r
25th,
1 .764.M.3 6 2 . 1 9 3 1 .V II)
in mind i t
felt
the
Japanese
t h a t w ith the
Government
fu tu re w elfare
stated
of
(Doc.
both n a tio n s
that :
" U r g e n t n e e d a t p r e s e n t moment i s a r r i v e a t
s o l u t i o n o f p r o b l e m b y c o - o p e r a t i o n c f two c o u n t r i e s
a n d t h u s s e e k r a t h of common h a p p i n e s s a n d p r o s p e r i t y .
T h e i r w i l l i n g n e s s r e m a i n s u n a l t e r e d a n d u n a b a t e d to
o p e n n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h C h i n e s e Government on s u b j e c t
of b a s i c p r i n c i - l e s , a bc ve f o r m u l a t e d , r e l a t i n g t c
no m a l r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n J a p a n C h i n a a n I on s u b j e c t o f
w i t h d r a w a l J a p a n e s e t r o o p s to Couth l l - n c h u r i a n " .
In i t s
notes
to
the
*1 -'4n n
■
'oia C o v e m b e r 1 6 t h , t h e
fficr'e t c t h e s e
c *573 . i : . 4 4 9 . :
id e a s
Chinese
Jaoanese
; Dno . .G. r/9 4 . I I . i
1 .VII . r a s e
2579).
G o v e r n m e n t d a tec
;o r e r
Government r e v e r t e d
o;
£ 5 6 b; T o e .
- 4 -
The s e c o n d m e th o d m e n t i o n e d
application.
Chinese n o ta b le s
a b o v e wa s s o o n p u t
c e t up l o c a l b o d i e s
m a i n t e n a n c e o f o r d e r a t Mukden,
The J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t , a s
Chines-' Government d a t e d
v h ile
forbidding
"its
any encouragem ent
movements o f
of
the
Chinese
vith
and
the
m aintenance
nf o r d e r " .
e le m en ts, the
constitution
"oreign i n h a b i t a n t s
ra p a n e s e f o r c e s
(1)
IV 51
a vie," to
r.cte to
the
( s e e Annex I ) ,
officials
to
give
the p c l i t i c a l
the
and f ,
the
kind"
constitution
the
->f d i s o r d e r
and o t h e r d i s o r d e r l y
The s a f e t y
.l i t a t e
for
th-- s t a t e
of such b o d ie s ,
jr. s u r e
from
could o n ly ” re g a rd
of lo c a l to d ie s
of b rig a n d s
ore- r ,
w ithin
its
v h a te v e r tc
In view - f
activ ities
r e s t : r-
in
and c i v i l
of t h i s
constitution
caused by th e
tc
the
"preventing Japanese n a tio n a ls
i n movements
w ith fa v o u r
"helped
stated
" ctober 1 st,
m ilitary
for
K i r i n and o t h e r l o c a l i t i e s .
assistant
a new G o v e r n m e n t "
participating
it
into
the
.’a i l v a v z o n e
in
its
opinion,
o f C h in e s e and
burn
o?
th
1)
Cep t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s g i v e n b y t h e J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t t o
i t s C o n s u l s i n M a n c h u r i a ( D o c u m e n t C . 6 7 o . M. «M33. 1 9C1. Y I I .
C . J . X I I . I f . p a g e :: 4 S I ' a n d t h - ' J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t ’ s r e p l y
o f O c to b e r 1 s t , 1931, to t h e C h in e se Note o f S eptem ber
f 9 t n , 1 9 3 1 , Annex I .
4.
N evertheless
d e s i r e cn t h e Chinese s i d e
in the
nr.t
situation.
reply
tio n s,
to
but
the
it
deliberate
t c "bringing
No t o n l y
Japanese
proposals
taiter
irregulars
and
im perilled
the liv e s
e l e m e n t s vf
tc
and in
disorder
rf
nvr n a t i o n a l s
whlire-
("
different
'T i b r "t
Liao towards
w ith the
by th e
scale
the
enc
I1 0 S 6
lo^al
r* 111 y i n g
were s e t t i n g
succeeding
even
(1 )
cf
y nr,
i n t ne
effective
t he
the
d i s 1 an d e d o r
to
some e x t e n t
dis t r i o t s
situatio n
°f
authority
remM
-
•
taken
Tee
cf
dis
is
of
cn
the
authority
governm ents ,
I c ? 1 00
t r o 0p s ,
aim w e r e
i n su ; ; r e s a m p
the
of those
th*
l a t t e ? 1 ’" e r e
local
form ations
of
order
in c o n ju n c tio n
a s s e r t i o n of
char a ( te r
up new p o l i c e
Their
the
o u t to t o e west
autonomous b o d i e s .
g r a d u a l l y assuming
were
carried
increasingly
that
and m a i n t a i n e d a s a r e s u l t
last
"h
(1
of M a n c h u ria .
parts
o p e r a t i o n s m e n tio n e d above, and p a r t i c u l a r l y
a considerable
- brigands,
- a t t a c k e d and
an
s c o n be r e s t o r e d
the
At t h i s
J a p a n e s e Government had hoped
would
up t h e
disturbances
and K o r e a n s .
disbanded s o ld ie r s
d iso rd er in
negotia­
tow ards a
foment
line
elem ents j f
were thus
direct
H suehiianr set
anendeavoured
i n h a b i t e d by J a p a n e s e
forces
for
Government
situation.
23 r d , C h a n t
G overnm ent’s i n s t i g a t i o n ,
a n imr r o v e m e n t
tending
S outh M anchurian r a ilw a y
d istricts
'aoanese
about
d id th e Chinese
a e g r a v a t i on o f t h e
^ h i n c h o w Ocv e m i n e n t
the
v;us n c p r o o f o f u s i n c e r e
t o o k up an a t t i t u d e
Or.
along
there
0i s o r d e r
interio r.
nevertheless
On t h e
not
as
great
o th e r hand the
S e e v a r i o u s co . r u n i c a t i o n s t o the
L e a g u e o f d a t i o n s a n a xranex “ I b e l o w .
the
as
- 6 endeavours
cf
the
Chinese
G o v e rn m e n t and of
C h a n g H s u e h l i a n g r s C-ov e m i n e n t
M anchuria a re
general
continuing.
disturbances
disorderly
property
elem ents
cf
or
cur nationals a r e s t i l l
economic a n d p o l i t i c a l
the
Chang T s o l i n
customs
points
set
cf
M arshal
the
1924 c o u l d
u n til
Septem ber of
and,
the
Dangking
situation
the
indeed,
view.
Even a f t e r
Government,
which e x i s t s
M anchuria a g a i n s t
dictatorship
not
in p r a c tic e .
of
historical,
China
ago
proper.
agreement betw een
Government of
t h e U . S . 3.11.
he a p p l i e d as r e g a r d s
concluded
U .S.S.R ,
in
and
Ch an g T s o l i n h a d s u b m i t t e d
he n e v e r t h e l e s s r e t a i n e d h i s
These f a c t s
show t h e
special
i n '•Tan c h u r i a .
s t r o n g o p p o s i t i o n h a d g r o w n up i n
the
repeated
a b u s e s of
the m i l i t a r y
e x e r c i s e d by Chang T s o l i n a n d h i s
A movement i n f a v o u r
among t h e
from
Seme- y e a r s
frcm t h a t
same y e a r b e t w e e n t h e
Meanwhile
strength
In
of
and f r c m t h e
a new a g r e e m e n t h a d b e e n
Chang.
independence
and
up a g o v e r n m e n t w h i c h " ' a s
i n na me a n d i n f a c t
i n ' "ay
U anchuria
lives
part
fre e d o m o f a c t i o n was such t h a t t h e
signed
of
t o he f e a r e d .
inevitable
t h e C e n t r a l Government and th e
of
a civil
population.
m entioned above ’a r e
(1)
activ ities
s ome a c t i o n o n t h e
C h in a prc p e r , b o t h by i t s
to
circum stances,
H anchuria has always been d i s t i n c t
independent
in
)
6.
Its
these
up d i s o r d e r
fr e s h dangers to
J p a n e s e f o r c e s w o u l d be
rshal
In
stir
c au se d by t h e
such an e v e n t u a li ty ,
e s s e n +t l• a il . ( 1
to
set
son.
governm ent had g a in e d
Me
up i n t h i s
local
bodies
atm o sp h ere and
As r e g a r s t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f o r d e r a n d t h e
a c t i v i t i e s i n T' a n c h ur i a s e e ,-uanex TUI b e lev? .
subversive
th eir
have
efforts
b e come
o f the
the
fcr
t h e m a i n t e n a n c e of
naturally
G o v e r n o r s of
o r d e r seem
tra n sfo rm e d , under the
t h e Pro v i n c e s , i n t o
to
direction
a movement f o r
i n d e p e n d e n c e of M a n c h u r i a .
T hese e le m e n ts have r e c e n t l y
new g o v e r n m e n t
hostile
to
the
set
e x e r c is e of
up a
authority
o v e r Manchuria b y t h e n a t i o n a l i s t ' G ov ern m en t or
other p o l i t i c a l
faction
In view of
in terests
in th is
b u t fo llo w w ith
the
political
effects
it
Japanese
order
of
area,
situation
m ight
the
have
the
its
interest
the
in M anchuria.
point
Apart
hostile
to
the
Government
governm ental
disorganised
from
Chinese f o r c e s
have
restoring
recently.
shows i t s e l f
of
the
as a r e s u l t
occurred
authority
the
m u s t be r e c o g ­
method m e n t i o n e d above o f
c h a n g e s which have
cannot
of v ie w of
i n M a n c h u r i a h a s b e c o me i m p r a c t i c a b l e
the p o l i t i c a l
and
developm ent of
and of o u r n a t i o n a l s , i t
first
rights
J a p a n e s e Government
from th e
The n e w l y c o n s t i t u t e d
the
proper.
im portance of
profound
forces
nised that
the
of China
any
definitely
China
p r o p e r ; an
also been re-fo rm ed
b y t h e new G o v e r n m e n t .
In these
circum stances
the
Japanese
Government
g r e a tly hopes t h a t a s itu a tio n
in which o r d e r w i l l be
effectively resto red
throughout
M anchuria w i l l
possible
about
be b r o u g h t
new G o v e r n m e n t .
The J a p a n e s e
p ro v id in g the fo rce s
sp irit
w ith
such
under the
of
this
assistance
direction
forces
as soon as
of
the
are a t p resen t
Government
in a f r ie n d l y
a s t h e y may n e e d t o
restore
and m a i n t a i n o r d e r and t r a n q u i l l i t y .
7.
No d o u b t
by th e N a t i o n a l i s t
Government
organisation
of
anti-Japanese
is
in
possible
the
as to
the
direction
and
agitation
in China
part
proper.
pla
The J a p a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t
considers
that
only a v io la tio n
C o u n c il's
resolutions
the
of
n o n - a g g r a v a t i o n o f t h e s i t u a t i o n and
extension
of the
constitute
acts
than
force,
attentio n
C hinese
It
c o n f l i c t , Lut th a t
of h o s tility
has
this
state
Government
repress
the
favour
These
Japanese
of a f f a i r s .
is
the non­
these
cf
these
local
the League
nothing
but
is
grcv./ i n
Governme n t ' s e x p l a n a t o r y n o t e
regarding
activ ities
use o f mecns o t h e r
a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e ■d i n
t h e S h a n g h a i i n c i de n t s
at ions
agitation
a n d t h i s r:io v n vn t i s
f‘a ^ + s
concerning
of
N e v e rth e le s s , the
not only doim
anti-Japanese
it
not
Government and o f t h e
a u t h o r i t i e s , as w ell as th a t
C hinese
the
by t h e
is
r e p e a t e d l y drawn t h e s e r i o u s
of the N a tio n a lis t
ratio n s,to
to
the
this
( J . 1':/ r . -L . 1 9 3 2 . ’.rTD .
incia-.-nts were a l s o
to
inclined
ia
violence
d etail
in
concerning
Jxrlanfai v 0 n i n
JŒEX 1
•
.
uOVLià\il,^JNTr o n L i LY D-U.TÜD vGTOBLK 1 s t
JL'O l’IZi CalrhoE JOÎE OF dlrTELBER 2 Ç t h ,
ii. S B. ilxt3&S Li X*G 0 1 ( lu i 6 il (
tem porarily
;u p i e à
1931.
Japanese fo rc e s
c e r t s in p o i n t s
outside
the
had
Japanese
••
i
r a i l ' . v a 7 z en
.n i . a n c h u r i a
Lut th e y a r e withdrawing.
lo cal bodies
set
C h i n e s e f o r th.e m a i n t e n a n c e o f
créer
up t y t h e
establish
fcoT
lev
in
t ais
authority.
up
d istrict.
strio tl}
pive
their
. x i t a r y a d m i n i s t r â t ion
m ilitaiy
and
p o l i t i c a l iLo'ements of
the
Vovern^ent
of
t..is
to
C hinese w ith a view
ru,- a r a s
as
kind.
Consequently
the
to
the
tue
present
ana
state
constitution
the r e t a i n
s u c h înove-
of lo c a l bodies
the
o f d i s o r d e r c a u s e d by th e a c t i v i t i e s
cf
i t n.a;
help
Government,
for
of
C h in e se and f o r e i g n
of
for
in view
other d is tu rtin p
with fa v o u r sin ce
Japanese
t h e Ch i n e s e .
Cf
;e o r o r d e r , t h e J a p a n e s e
s a f e ty of
the
c a n n o t assume any ie-s"o n sii i l i t y
p a r t oi
tan aits
wha t e v e r
to
to p r e v e n t J ap a n e se n a t i o n a l s freia p a r t i c i p e t i n r
in movements
the
nas a l s o
civil o fficials
any encoure pement o r a s s i s t a n c e
iueasures
The J a p a n e s e
Japanese uovsrniient
forbidden its
as the
e l e m e n t s , can o n ly r e g a r d
to
restore
ihhabitants
t ne J a p a n e s e f o r c e s w i t a m
order,
ensure
this
the
and f a c i l i t a t e
the ra ilw a y
zone .
rr
_T|_kDOl
ijJllil i
~> -r-
11* Iv^ri-MVil UI l_L2-i UxxUOi-.lv1
.
-,
D
>.
1.
the
r
_L
' ■'P 'J T T '1
T
riivl_)Vjr Jj_.
P
U
zLiVJl-/ l i t )
T T C T 'T '.
luiliivilliix! _0 I
xxv t h e v e r y o u t s e t
of th e p r e s e n t
J a p a n e s e d e le te , t i e n drew t h e a t t e n t i o n
Council t o the
situation
created
ry t h e
conflict
cf
the League
"undisciplined
o a n d s ' who e v e n i n _ u e v ■ —t ; o. e i n i e s u .. a . 1h u r i a
1J ; 1 .VII,
Vo.
11,
p a g e lh'7'7 ) r u t : h r whom, e v e n t s w e r e
es
‘o n s i d e r a. b 1 e
jO
of irreg
Tc t h e
those
a r s and o t h e r
of f u g i t i v e so.t a
disorderly"
l e n i e n t s s u p p o r t e d by k a r s h a l Charm H s u e h i i a n s : .
c r r c m u n i o a t l O iI d a t e d
O c t o b e r 1 7 t h , 15 ,3 1
1531. V I I )
the Japanese
attention
to
sOue t i n e
vast
the
soldiers" ;
it
t r i b u t ion o f
delegation
"serious
bv t h e
oanaits
Lo v emb a t
prowing
also
330.
C ouncil’s
has te e n caused f o r
activity
of large
bodies
cf
g r . u p s c:
c o m m u n i c a t e d a map 0 , 1.00;:.:
t ,ie p r i n c i p o . i b o n d s a n d g r o u p s
e r s cn
x0
v-1t>.n , 1 j p i .
disorderly
December i t
on a l a r g e
elem ents
was n e c e s s a r y
scale.
in
onzaras
increased
to
carry
outline
t a s k d e v o l v i n g upon th e
was g i v e n
drew t h e
and th e p re s e n c e cl
In a
(Doc . C .7 IK
da m;. _ w a i c h
From th e month o f hoveubt
these
.
to p r o v id e an
u u.m‘ ' , e «
of t h e s e b a n d i t s were added
i e r s , th en o f groups
mounted
.
b e p t e i i f r e r 1 2 nd , i y y l , O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l X I I ,
opportunity
i c t iv
.
of
still
f u r t h e r and
out punitive
the
situation
Japanese forces
commuaic a t io n s
tne a c t i v i t i e s
in
expeditions
and of
d a t e d D e c e m b e r 23 r d a n d 2 0 t h
con
i3
the
and l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s
(Doc . G. iOu'7 . m . p 3 3 . 1 3 3 1 . V I I a n d f '. 1012 . 1 . 3 6 / . I O 3 1 . V I I ) .
t h e end of
of
mi
im portance
rtivo.ro s r e u s e d , by c i s o r d e r l y
It
other
should
r ^ n o t 13a t h a t
than Japanese
; 3pe , f o r
nave
instance,
a large
neen tn c v i c t i m s
d o c u m e n t s C-. 659.
of t a u d i t s
and/ f u h ^ s e .
. 2 7 0 . 1 9 3 1 . V I I . (p . £479
: £ 9 - I ï ) , C . r . : 9 .K . 4 5 5 . 1 9 3 1 . V I I . ( p . 2 5 F 4 t
1931.VII
numhor o f f o r - i
( 1 9 . XI ; , C . 9 r' l . ; .;. o34 •
of 1 2 . X I I .1931.;
Wn vvould a l s o r e c a l l t h e f a c t
end o f B e e e m t e r t h e
more t h a n
J a p a n e s e f o r c e s were
100 p u n i t i v e
operations
Lecem ter: 2 0 } .
It-ose f i g u r e s
lîth
l o t h , the
to lo v em ter
t i e n s , the
Chinese
that
forces
com pelled to
(O ctet e r :
do n o t
carry
the
out
33 , lîove n i t e r : 4P ,
induce
Japanese p o lic e
3,
fro;:. Co t o t e r t o
local
carried
and t . . 3 C h i n e s e p o l i c e
a l a r m s , move-
cut .
no
(Document
n . ~7 9 . ?i . 455 . 1 9 3 ] . V I T
The n u m b e r o f J a p a n e s e n a t i o n a l s
were o b l i g e d
to
(H ereans
on ,
were « c o mp e l l e d
to
o- n o r p a n s
111Cl-
flee- fro m th e
rl p v'
ï s,!! T\ ci i ws, v a n d /
o 1 r•4_U. U -
r t h e m o n t h 01
t o tin.’ i n t e r n -neo;. i n Llanoluri/
-
;/ e t ire en co mp i I e a .
have
;d t h a t
.'as a r e c r u i e s c o n c e
le e l e m e n t s
supported
On t h e
yi
oi
'ey Ch a n g H s u e h l i a n g .
2 1 s t , the
r a i l w a y wae d e s t r o y e d
a t,and o f 200 b r i g a n d s p l u n d e r e d
100
5 Japanese
S erious
r.: a n e „ : . _ l e s i o n
s o l d i e r s were s e n t
off le e rs
incidents
ire n were
- o l o ny
to
took re fu g e
Onang°nun,
M ad ,
f r o m Il^hf.:. t' u l i n F t o
and s o l d i e r s were
took place
in
orders
o f l u n r a n on !ear e n 2 . - t h .
sent
On t n e
t h e r . e i g h t c n r h c x d o f Tuochiatun s t a ­
& 3a n d o f some n , 000 men u n d e r t n e
the e n v i r o n s
1 1 sn o u i d c e
t v on
w e e n I a t u n a n d her.», c n i a t u n g , n e a r S supin?-, l a i .
t i o n , and a t c u t
.vhc
a b a n d o n t h e i r hemes i n M a n c n u ria a m o u n tea on
n ovemr e r
them.
included;
a.A t n e
Ihe
ni l i e d .
th e luno
of l i
ais t r i c
l i a i Pu i^n- a t t a
Japanese
.-omen a n a
e t h e r .mema e r s o f
on M a r o n 3 0 t n a l o r n , t n e
une J a p
C h i n e s e e a s t e r n Ra
!ommuni e a t i o n s
(S p e c i a l l y
concerning
im portant
t r ■i r~.ail U.d -
n u ria .
r*o E ^ u a i c a t i o n s a r e u n d e r l i n e d
fJ594 ■ M■ 2^0
■y • i a
h• .
'r
TT
[C.6r“" Tvre> ^ ^ é
ry s o l d i e r s a n d t a u d i t s - ü t t a c x
,a TTts o"i v i o l e n c e
on l e v v c h a n g ; e x p e o . i t i o n t o Y i n g p a n a n d T i e n c n u a n t a i ; .
C,67S.M.28 5 .
(Position
of d isla n d ed
C. 7Cn ■ M. 5 i l .
(M assacres
-o C
rz rz
7 -
P . x . IS 31 . 0 • J
on O c t o b e r o t n )
soldiers
^
of tand i t s
15.X,
1 9 51
15.X.
195,
and s o l d i e r s
lo.31
A t t a c k oi- t h e O k u r a f a r m
( I n t e r r u p t i o n o f t r a f f i c on t n e
I'O .O i,
[
| 536 . M. 416 .
[ R a v a g e s o f l a n d i t ^ an<
C.R69 . y . 455 „
T=:
U ’igures concerning
C.R9C.M.464.
C. 900. H. 4 7 4
(Expedition to
C n O n c u i a t u n g - f t;un
at
.0
.L lJ
1 n vT 1 Vi
n i ytt i y
tne te g in n in c of l o v e n t er'
— U
.istrilu tio n
qy 5; _y e4 36 .
( P u n i t i v e e x p e d i t i o n i n ti
and X a i f e n g - d i s t r i b u t i o n
• j i . 1
•
~L ^
a_
.
V
•
».
•
_L » -L < ~-
. 3 . X I . 1531
, ©Jfl 1
i s t r i c t o t Ansiicn
of groups of bandit:
9 . X I . 1931.
• f:
*
*- *-
t' ll_L Î
O .J.X II
o .2554
brigandage;
. X I .1931
•
ti.o e n v i r o n s
G. 9 3 0 . 7 . 4 9 5 .
(Ravages o f t r i g a n d s
o f Ansnan,
~K .
J_ • -L v
_L
l a n g k a n f e t s u a n d $ curb a i }
2-.X 1.1951.
and
0 . J - X I I . 12 . p . 25 Rf-
soldiers)
:!Lber 1C tn , 1931:
(A ctivities
of
bandits,
c i|9r*-M. 5 53 .
(Brigandage, e x o e d itlo n
C.,
c, ft1 y
i_a p p . 3
( n o .9.
o f K o r e a n s a n d ravage
T p istrirution
1ft 3r T'i
:T
attack
on t n e P e i p i n g
train;
12:.X II •1931
to H & n c n ia o tze and t o t n e w e s t o f Chencinakn
3 . X I I . 1951
[>• M. 559 .
Erigandage)
■xoj
564.
(M aintenance
1.10- 3 M . 5 6 5 .
(A ttacks
i . j n si ^ . M . 5 6 8 .
( A t t a c k s Try b r i g a n d s )
C.j.
c . '.
C.R?
9 • X-Ll
of order;
ry t r i g a n d s ,
punitive
expeditions'
5 0 - X I I . 1951
• (Acts of Irig a n d a g e )
14 ( A c t s
of I r ig a n d a g e )
34 ( A c t s o f b r i g a n d a g e )
5f_ ( A c t s
of brig an d ag e
16.
1.
2 9 . X I I .1951
_
i4
7 9 / 19 3 ‘
[Hex IT.
OF
LAIÏ
r
p T
Since
the
t ,-
incidents
o f S e p t e m b e r 1951 t h e
Chinese
f o r c e s b e l o n g i n g to t h e N o rth E a s t e r n G overnm ent, whic h
h a d r e m a i n e d i n I k m c h u r i a , h a v e b e e n a b a n d o n i n g t h e 2-Tcrth
E a s t e r n Gov^rrulent l i t t l e
by l i t t l e
I n f a v o u r o f t h e new
au x n c r .j ux e s .
verraient
are
under the
a p p r o x i m a t e l y as
orders
cf
of
posted along
Some 9> ^ C 0 men u n d e r t h e
or­
G e n e r a l Chang H a i p e n g a r e p o s t e d a l o n g t h e T a o n a n -
Angangchi r a i l w a y .
Some 2 , 0 0 0 men u n d e r t h e
G e n e r a l Gang T i e r . c h u n g a r e
Lukd en t o
S h a n g h a i war and
L iao.There a re
It
Some o , 000 me n
G e n e r a l Ovr S h i s h a n a r e
the h u k d e n -liai lu n g r a i l w a y .
ders
f o i l 0 :,7ïbs ,
is
adequate
also
obvious
to m a in ta in
f u l up t e a
peint
in
the re g io n
In
com pletely ;
checking
to
th e west
of the
forces
th e above arr.ed
order
of
p o sted along th e ra ilw a y from
sm all lo cal
that
orders
the
forces
but
are not
they are
activities
success­
of bandies
and i r r e g u 1 e r s .
Chang F s u e h l i a n g i s
disorder in
armies"
order
continuing his
efforts
to r e g a i n r o w e r , by o r g a n i s i n g
these
to
create
"voluntarv
me lit i or■~i r ’a — n e ma d e r
volui
TV
salvation
of
the
Country" under
iUKun, w h i c h
operates
in
L0 t Le s o u t h
c f C h i n e n ow.
the
orders
e Liao b a s i n
■+
i
c f General
Hu
and i n o a r t i c u l a r
cu: i r o s e d
c f some f i f t v
_ 1
groups
of
fro m 200 t o
been p a r tic u la r ly
a lo n g the
in the
-
active
1 , 0 0 0 men.
in
These f o r c e s have
th e r e g i o n o f Suich u n g and
Takus h a n -T u n g lia o r a ilw a y .
r e g i o n o f Shanhaikvran i s
Behind t h i s
"army"
t h e " A n t i - J a p a n e s e and
P a t r i o t i c Army o f t h e P e o p l e o f t h e N o r t h - E a s t ” , c o n s i s t i n g
some t w e n t y g r o u p s u n d e r 0 M r T s e m i r . g .
These tro o p s a re
q n 2_
p; Q
y •*'•» 0>~-
T Î
H
(I V
I n M anchuria i t s e l f
the
- 'X
cf the N orth-E ast" under the
t i n u e s its
it
endeavoured to
Mukden.
of
clandestine
In
the
ents
of
I n the K ir in
But th e
forces
fairly
Tan S h a n h a i
The a d h e r ­
neighbour­
the re g io n w est of
"Rod l a n c e "
considerable
(Hung-Chi an g -H u i )
to
forces
and l i
the h o s t i l e
to
transfer
disturbances
forces
in the
allegiance
s e n t some
o f Chang T s o c h o w ,
the re g io n
rurbed
troops
r e g i o n c f H a rb in where
oy s o l d i e r s
K i r i n Government a t
had to be
to
the
and
custom ­
The movements o f t h e s e
and K o r e a n s were a s s a s s i n a t e d
forces
their
Tu w h i c h w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n
the
disposal .
inconsiderable,
o f J a n u a r y th e K i r i n Government
fight
o p ro se d to
at his
co m pelled to r e c k o n w ith th e
o f Yu s h u P i n h s i e n S h a n g c h o n .
Japanese
In
o p p o s e d t o him were n o t
early part
1 0 , 0 0 0 men t o
party
operating.
association
r e c e n tl y advanced in the
a ry tendency of Chinese s o l d i e r s
Japanese
the
of
p r o v i n c e a g o v e r n m e n t was s e t u p b y
t h e n e w g o v e r n m e n t was
rise
neighbourhood
a t work.
H s i - H s i a who h a d
gave
in the
th e Mukden-Antung r a i l w a y .
is b u s ily
In the
At t h e b e g i n n i n g o f M a r c h
o f Mukden p r o v i n c e
Hsinmin th e a s s o c i a t i o n of the
b)
o f Wu C h i a h s i n g c o n ­
(T a -Iac -H u i) i s
th is association
hood of
orders
disorder
the N o r th - E a s t
K a i ’ fî V: ] j •>•• i r.
" V o l u n t a r y Army o f t h e P e o p l e
activ ities.
create
" G re at Sword"
1li
: vi O G
rf
the
epct.
-
o f the
end o f J a n u a r y ,
16. -
The f o r c e s
orp^G°d to th e K i r i n Government
( a p r r c x i m a t e l y 1 3 , 0 0 C men)
General
in clu d in g the
forces under
T i n g C h a >, h e a d o f t h ° B a i l w a y G u a r d s o f t h e
Chinese E a s t ° r n Railw ay,
w ith d raw from Fsngcheng to
I l a o ; - u t a bo u t F e b r u a r y 2 C t h t h e y t ^ n k W u c h i h o ,
Imi°mpa
a n d TJeiho on t h e
E a s t e r n Railw ay l i n e
neighbourhood.
As t h e r e u e r e n u m e r o u s J - - r a n e s e
als
in
R ail
the
ay,
H rbin
Japanese
K irin
east
far
^n M r e h
N egotiations
and l o o t e d
the
the
seme
of J' p a n e s 0 f e n c e s
K uchia
but
at p re s e n t
whole o f th e n e i g h h e u r h o o d .
of th ese
troops
destroyed
between L s fa o ta n
and Taehiaoho
A detachm ent
1 7 th from Changchun
The a n t i - g o v e r n m e n t a l
Cninese
ra v a g in g the N inguta d i s t r i c t
On L l . r c h PCüh
T u n h u a was l o o t e d
detachm ent
on t h e
by b a n d i t s
to
deal
The a r m e d f o r c e s
in
( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 7 , X !0 men)
o f t h e new G o v e r n m e n t .
on
forces
and the
s eu "th..
the- d i s t r i c t
wa s s e n t
en
the
was a t t a c k e d by- C h i n e s e f o r c e s
*1r*t ^ c r* t ~ t 'r
the
beginning of F ebruary w ith h is
was s e n t
where i t
F eb ru ary 21th.
c;
a r e now
from be in g e s t a b l i s h e d .
and b e tw e e n W e i h u l i n g and H u a n g n i h o t z u .
t o s-i o n s
3rd from
^o o''sing Chinese f o r c e s :
K irin-Tunhua ra ilw a y lin e
are
nation­
" ' h i e n t a o , G e n e r a l 7Xng T e h l i n g a t t a c k e d
February 16th,
te
the
of the o inese E c ste rn
were s e n t
and N i n g u t a .
G^vernment a t
troops
the
between the
s i t u a i i^n i s
In
to
forces
to H s i l i n
proceeding
the
d istrict
and l o o t e d
to the so u th
an c a small
01
Japanese
w i t h them.
th e Heilungkiang P r o v i n c e
h a v e come t o
The a t t i t u d e
the
support
o f Su Pingwen,
-
"i 7
who h a s s e m e 6 , <X 0 men u n d e r h i m i n
district,
is
alone
tu r b a n e es have
still
t h e \ Can e h u l i
Cocei s i o n a l d i s -
uncertain.
taken p l a c e .
Cn M a r c h 1 0 t h a r e v o l t
-.h- . n r-se n a t i o n a l s
were
o c c u r r e d a t Il o i h o a n d
c o m p e lle d t o take : r e f a g e
at
PI a g e v e s e h e n s k .
On t h e
i ‘‘ t h f u r t o o r
t h-
or
i is orders
t o o k i; l a c e
at
on a - p a n e ?se was
M .inohuli,
in
killed.
On the 1 5 t h , thr- women a n d oh i l _ d r e n o f t h e
J" p a n e se n a t i o n a l s
T sitsihar
(7” p e rs e n s ) fle d
and H a r b i n .
for
refuge
to