Medical English

Medical English
lecturer: Samantha Xie （谢红）
E-mail:
phone:
Office:
[email protected]
18980606294
2-22 (Teaching Building)
What’s for today?
• Introduction of the course
• Medical Terminology
• Pronunciation rules for medical
terminology
• Basic communication skills
• Exchange programs and funding from
school
Why English is important?
Importance of English
• Interviews in English
• Exchange programs 大学阶段所有交换项目
• Graduate studies 保研或者考研
• Overseas study (工作后要求的海外学习经验）
• SCI papers 论文 (在校或者工作期间，
未来的执业发展)
Your present English level?
Lower than high school students
1-12月？
January, February, March, April, May,
June, July, August, September, October,
November, December
Problems with medical English
1. Good at expressing your own opinions.
But, poor in describing any activities.
For example：
Do you like your roommates? Why?
[Opinion]
Can you tell us your routine work during
your internship at the hospital?
[Description]
Problems (2)
• Incorrect pronunciation
Fever is the temporary increase in the
body's temperature in response to a disease or
illness. A fever is usually accompanied by
sickness behavior, which consists of fatigue,
depression, anorexia, sleepiness, dizziness,
and the inability to concentrate. Treatment to
reduce fever is usually not required.
Remember, the goal of any treatment is to
lower, not eliminate, the fever.
Problems (3)
• Can NOT recognize basic medical terms
Fever is the temporary increase in the
body's temperature in response to a disease or
illness. A fever is usually accompanied by
sickness behavior, which consists of fatigue,
depression, anorexia, sleepiness, dizziness, and
the inability to concentrate. Treatment to reduce
fever is usually not required. Remember, the
goal of any treatment is to lower, not eliminate,
the fever.
One-year Course
• Improve your vocabulary,
listening, speaking, and
reading abilities.
Introduction of the course
One-year course
• Fall semester (student- directed)
Medical terms
Listening
Speaking
• Spring semester
Biomedical Reading (How to read an
English paper)
Lecturers for fall semester:
谢红
Design
the
course
王澎
万智
张勤
李镭
杨晨露
From clinical department:
medical terms, dialogues,
case reports
Feedback is greatly appreciated!
欢迎大家反馈意见
Fall semester (student- directed)
• One Presentations (group work) (15 pts)
A Piece of My Mind
• Listening practice before the class +
attendance + involvement in the class (15 pts)
• Three tests: Week 4 (15 pts),
Week 10 (25 pts)
Week 16 (25 pts)
Presentations
1. You will be randomly divided into
groups of 4-5 students. (随机分组)
2. Each member is required to present part
of the content. （每个人都要参与)
Presentations (2)
A Piece of My Mind:
Reflections (反思) and insights
on health, disease, and healing
• A question of faith
• Doctor needs doctors too
• Treat me like a child
…..
Listening practice before the class +
attendance + involvement in the class
Listen to the video clips or dialogues
before each lecture.
You will be asked to comment on the
video clips or make a dialogue based on
the content.
Listening practice
Dialogue: (Make a dialogue)
from: English for Doctors
Video clips：1. According to Dr. Matthew,
hospice is a way of taking care of a person
______.
Listening practice
Video clips：[From different sources]
Purpose: You know where to find the
English sources when you want to learn
more.
Basic Etiquette (礼仪)
in communication
(email / letters / text message)
Something you should have learned at
elementary school!
What’s Wrong?
Lots of people are reluctant to respond!
If you don’t reply, I don’t know that you have known.
What I did:
One email:
老师，推荐一本靠谱的英语字典嘛
• What do you mean by ‘靠谱’？
• Who are you?
Another example:
One text message
老师，考试题型是什么？
• What course are you asking about?
• What program are you in?
(5-year, 8-year, 7-year program?)
• Your name?
Common Problems
• Do not address (称呼) properly.
• Do not leave your name, address, and phone
number when writing to someone.
• Do not follow up when asking about an important
question.
• Do not introduce yourself when writing an email or
sending a text message to someone who may not
know you well.
…..
Good examples…
尊敬的谢老师，
吴阶平基金的批款早前已电汇到贵校指定的账户，
敬请参照附件存根核实。如有任何问题，请与我联系。
顺颂 夏安！
香港中文大学
I love reading emails /
吴阶平基金秘书处
letters from Hong Kong
CJH谨启
and Taiwan.
2014年8月13日
Writing to someone who is not very intimate…
To protect the privicy, original
name and address are not
provided.
To someone close ….
Requirements
• When I write or send a message to you or
to your group, please do reply….
• Always remember to address me as Ms.
Xie or Dear Samantha, or ….
• Always remember to tell me who you are.
• Remember to be polite, using ‘please’,
‘thank you’, “I’m sorry”…..
About automatic reply
已经收到您的邮件！我看到后会尽快处理！
请不要担心~
Polite!
But useless!
Annoying!
When do you use automatic reply?
Out of town
On trip
On holidays
…
Not convenient
Auto: 回复：香港中文大学吴阶平基金——
第二十期申请(四川大学)
I'm on vacation from June 8 to 12, 2015 and will not
be reading my mail for the period. Your mail will be
dealt with when I return on June 15. Thank you.
Carmen
由於我在2015年6月8至12日休假，所以未能回覆你的來
函。 我6月15日回來後將盡快處理你的郵件，謝謝。
曾美蘭 啟
请取消没有意义的自动回复！
Any question?
Medical Terminology
• Origin: Greek and Latin words
Tooth ( dent/o stomat/o)
Dentist
Stomatologist
Eye (ocul/o
Oculist
ophthalm/o )
Ophthalmologist
Formation of Medical Terms
• Root (词根)
• Prefix
前缀
• Suffix
后缀
fundamental meaning
• Combining vowels
连接元音 (o, i, e, or u)
end/o/crin/o/logy
prefix root
suffix
(within) (secrete 分泌)
(the study of)
linking/combining vowel (o, i, e)
Endocrinology: the study of the human inner
secretion from glands
hemicolectomy
hemi-
half
col-
colon
-ectomy
removal of
(prefix)
(root word)
excision (切除) of, surgical
(suffix)
surgical removal (excision) of half of the colon
半结肠切除术
Try to explain the following in
English…
arthritis
关节炎
[arthr/ joint, -itis inflammation]
myoma
肌瘤
[my/o muscle, -oma tumor]
thyroidectomy
cardiopathy
甲状腺切除术
心脏病
[ cardi/o heart;
-pathy disease]
Spelling
Sometimes, more than one way of
spelling a medical word
British
haematology
oestrogen
American
hematology
estrogen
Pronunciation Guidelines
Accent or stress (重音）falls on some
particular part of a word.
Pronunciation Ex.
myoma [maɪ'əʊmə] sarcoma [sɑ:ˈkəʊmə]
pathology [pəˈθɒlədʒi] psychology [saiˈkɔlədʒi]
anemia [ə'ni:mi:ə] hypercalcemia [haɪpəkæl'si:mɪə]
arthritis [ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs] corneitis [ˌkɔ:nɪ'aɪtɪs]
（每个元音单独发音)
thyroidectomy [ˌθaɪrɔɪ'dektəmɪ]
arterectomy [ɑ:tɪ'rektəmɪ]
thermometer [θəˈmɒmɪtə(r)] optometer [ɒp'tɒmɪtə]
cardiopathy [ˌkɑ:dɪ'ɒpəθɪ] myopathy [maɪ'ɒpəθɪ]
Pronunciation Guidelines
(continued)
Forming plurals
from singular to the plural form
-a --- -ae /i:/ , -as
sequela (后遗症) --- sequelae
vagina (阴道) --- viginae, viginas
mucosa （粘膜）---- mucosae
vertebra --- vertebrae
-us --- -i /ai/
coccus ['kɒkəs] (球菌) --- cocci ['kɒksaɪ]
glomerulus [gləʊ‘merjʊləs] (肾小球)
--- glomeruli
bronchus [ˈbrɒŋkəs] (支气管) --- bronchi
thrombus (血栓) ---- thrombi
-us --- -era / -ora
corpus --- corpora
-is --- -es
/i:z/
dialysis [ˌdaɪˈæləsɪs] (透析)dialyses
--amniocentesis (羊膜穿刺) --- amniocenteses
diagnosis ---- diagnoses
paralysis [pəˈræləsɪs] (麻痹，瘫痪)
---- paralyses
-um --- -a
bacterium ---- bacteria
spermium (精子)---- spermia
ovum (卵子)----- ova
cerebrum (大脑) ----- cerebra
-ix --- ices /si:z/
appendix (阑尾) ---- appendices [əˈpendɪsi:z]
cervix (颈部) --- cervices
-on ---- a
protozoon [prəʊtə'zəʊɒn]原生动物
--- protozoa [ˌprəʊtəˈzəʊə]
ganglion (神经节)--- ganglia
Pronunciation Guidelines
(continued)
Pronunciation of some consonants (辅音)
pronunciation of the consonants
1.
a
o
u
c
c
i
y
e
/k/
/s /
catheter
cocci
coccus
cutes
cutis
cirrhosis [səˈrəʊsɪs]
cytoplasm [ˈsaɪtəʊplæzəm]
cerebra
cerebrum
2.
g
a
o
u
y
gastrectomy
/g/
gonorrhea [ˌgɒnə‘ri:ə] 淋病
gut
gynecology (妇科)
[ˌgaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪ] [ˌdʒaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪ]
e
g
i
gene, pathogenic
/dʒ/
gingiva(牙龈)
[dʒɪn'dʒaɪvə]
y
gyrus (脑回)
['dʒaɪrəs]
gingivae
[dʒin'dʒaivi:]
gyri
['dʒaɪraɪ]
3. ch
/k/
tachycardia
bronchitis
schizophrenia
x-
/z/
xanthemia (胡萝卜素血(症)
[zæn'θi:mɪə]
-x -x- /ks/
axilla [æk'sɪlə]
4. silent letters:
1) rh /r/
–rrhea
2) gn /n/
3) pt- /t/
4) ps- /s/
-ps -ps5) pn- /n/
rhinitis, rheumatoid
diarrhea, gonorrhea
gnathitis (颌炎)
ptosis
psychology, psychiatric
/ps/ sepsis
pneumonia
Ex.
gastrectomy
ischemia
cirrhosis
calcium
cholecystitis
bronchitis
cervimeter
cecum
leucocyte =leukocyte
neuropathy
carcinoma
gingivectomy
Dictionaries recommended
Online dictionary for medical terms:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
www.iciba.com
Show the majority of medical terms
Next Week
Body system