PROJEKT DOMU STUDENCKIEGO W TECHNOLOGII PASYWNEJ

Transcription

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF STRCUTURAL ENGINEERING
MASTER THESIS
B. Sc. Paweł Grześkowiak
104490
BIM - the future of the building industry
Technologia BIM jako przyszłość branży budowlanej
BIM THE FUTURE OF THE BUILDING INDUSTRY
Thesis supervisor:
PhD Eng. Marlena Kucz
Poznań 2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my gratitude to my
thesis advisor Ph.D. Eng. Marlena Kucz.
The door to Ph.D. Kucz office was always
open for the useful comments, remarks
and engagement through the learning
process of this master thesis.
Furthermore I would like to thank Prof.
Adam Glema for all remarks regarding
master thesis.
To Professors Seppo Perälä and Kimmo
Illikainen for the support during my
Internship at University Oulu University
of Applied Science.
To Constravia® company (especially
MSc Eng. Marcin Dominiak and MSc.
Eng Michał Śramkowski) for important
designing explanations regarding BIM
processes.
Master thesis
IFC in BIM and software collaboration
CONTENT
1.
Purpose of the work ............................................................................................................ 8
2.
Work description ................................................................................................................. 9
3.
2.1
Base of master thesis .................................................................................................. 9
2.2
Scope and object of the thesis .................................................................................... 9
2.3
Localisation .............................................................................................................. 10
Introduction to BIM .......................................................................................................... 12
3.1
3.1.1
Conception of BIM ............................................................................................. 12
3.1.2
Purpose of Building Information Modeling ....................................................... 12
3.1.3
Implementation of new attitude in Poland ......................................................... 13
3.2
Software origin ......................................................................................................... 14
3.3
Purpose of BIM software ......................................................................................... 15
3.4
Big BIM and small BIM ........................................................................................... 16
3.5
The level of detail (LOD) ......................................................................................... 17
3.6
Levels of BIM .......................................................................................................... 18
3.6.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 18
3.6.2
Level 0 (stage before BIM) ................................................................................ 18
3.6.3
Level 1 ................................................................................................................ 18
3.6.4
Level 2 ................................................................................................................ 19
3.7
4.
5.
History of BIM ......................................................................................................... 12
A Glossary of Terms used in the thesis .................................................................... 23
Law in the BIM ................................................................................................................. 26
4.1
Introduction to the matter ......................................................................................... 26
4.2
References to Europe ............................................................................................... 26
4.3
BIM in Poland .......................................................................................................... 26
4.4
BIM in Polish Public Procurement Law .................................................................. 27
IFC idea ............................................................................................................................. 29
5.1
IFC introduction ....................................................................................................... 29
5.2
IFC Data File Formats and Icons ............................................................................. 31
5.2.1
Default IFC exchange format ............................................................................. 31
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5.2.2
IFC data file using the XML document structure. ............................................. 31
5.2.3
IFC data file using the PKzip 2.04g compression algorithm ............................. 31
5.2.4
Example .............................................................................................................. 31
5.3
IFC Data File standards ............................................................................................ 32
5.4
Creating additional IFC properties based on example ARCHICAD 19® software . 33
5.4.1
Intro .................................................................................................................... 33
5.4.2
Adding new properties (example) ...................................................................... 33
5.4.3
Adding new properties (option and implementing rules explenation) ............... 35
5.5
The purpose of NBS ........................................................................................... 36
5.5.2
Standardisation introduced by NBS ................................................................... 36
How NBS solved problem of model transfer? ......................................................... 41
5.6.1
Transfer description............................................................................................ 41
5.6.2
Procedure of transferring .................................................................................... 41
BIM designing process based on IFC exchange format ................................................... 43
6.1
Introduction to the modelling process ...................................................................... 43
6.2
Transferring IFC model ............................................................................................ 44
6.2.1
6.3
Transfer IFC model from Archicad® to Revit® ................................................ 44
Comparison of 3D displaying .................................................................................. 44
6.3.1
Revit 2015 .......................................................................................................... 44
6.3.2
ArchiCAD 19® .................................................................................................. 46
6.3.3
Solibri Model Viewer® ...................................................................................... 48
6.3.4
Tekla BIMSight® ............................................................................................... 49
6.3.5
ArCADia 10.0 PL® ............................................................................................ 50
6.4
7.
NBS BIM Object Standard ....................................................................................... 36
5.5.1
5.6
6.
Description of software collaboration ...................................................................... 52
Conclusions and summary ................................................................................................ 53
7.1
Encapsulating of used software ................................................................................ 53
7.2
Conclusions about the ifc. standard .......................................................................... 53
7.3
Summary of the work ............................................................................................... 53
7.4
Streszczenie pracy .................................................................................................... 54
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8.
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 55
8.1
Norm and regulations ............................................................................................... 55
8.2
Websites: .................................................................................................................. 56
8.3
Literature .................................................................................................................. 57
ENCLOSURES
1) The Value types are referred to as Defined types on the buildingSMART® website.
2) Drawings
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List of pictures
Picture 2-1 Area of plots in Oulu under discoussion ............................................................................. 11
Picture 2-2 The given plot and the building boundaries ........................................................................ 11
Picture 3-1 Traditional versus BIM/IDP workflows relative to design effort and cost of change over a
project timeline. Source: Building Information Modeling: A Strategic Implementation Guide for
Architects, Engineers, Constructors, and Real Estate Asset Man ........................................................... / 13
Picture 3-2 BIM and Contruction Management, Brad Harin 2015, page 68 (Chapter 2:Project
Planning) ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Picture 3-3 LOD levels - beam example. Source: http://bimadvisors.blogspot.com/2015/06/what-islod-level-of-detail.html.......................................................................................................................... 17
Picture 3-4 A breakdown of Level 2 BIM maturity based on a progressive adoption of standards,
procedures and supplementary documents. Source: http://www.evolveconsultancy.com/resource/column-bim-brief/level-2-bim-possible ...................................................... 20
Picture 5-1 Example of IFC export from Archicad 19® software ........................................................ 31
Picture 5-2 Chosing and isolating element ............................................................................................ 33
Picture Picture 5-3 Isolated element ...................................................................................................... 33
Picture 5-4 Window 5............................................................................................................................ 34
Picture 5-5 Window 1............................................................................................................................ 34
Picture 5-6 Window 4............................................................................................................................ 34
Picture 5-7 Window 3............................................................................................................................ 34
Picture 5-8 Window 2............................................................................................................................ 34
Picture 5-9. Source: http://www.openbim.org/case-studies/nbs-bim-library ........................................ 37
Picture 5-10 Picture. Source: http://www.openbim.org/case-studies/nbs-bim-library .......................... 37
Picture 5-12 Source: www.barden.ie/learning-curve/switchingindustries-finance ............................. 38
Picture 5-11 Source: http://www.dtsone.com/industry-experience/ ...................................................... 38
Picture 5-13 Picture from Xbim NBS Convertor .................................................................................. 38
Picture 5-15 Window of Revit® with xBIM Add-In ............................................................................ 39
Picture 5-14 Dialog box in Revit® with xBIM Add-In......................................................................... 39
Picture 5-16 NBS website with an example of Generic BIM object ..................................................... 40
Picture 5-17 Opening box in Revit® ..................................................................................................... 41
Picture 5-18 NBS Template from the NBS website .............................................................................. 41
Picture 5-19 Aggregate NBS implementaton to Revit® software......................................................... 42
Picture 6-1Aggregare vissualisation option in Archicad® .................................................................... 46
Picture 6-2 View of with wrong layer switched off .............................................................................. 46
Picture 6-3 View of hided openings by concrete envelopes .................................................................. 46
Picture 6-4 Switching off the wrong layer ............................................................................................ 46
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Picture 6-5 Example of visualisation with walls filtered ....................................................................... 47
Picture 6-6 Visualisation with no element filtration.............................................................................. 47
Picture 6-7 Visualisation with slabs and walls filtered.......................................................................... 47
Picture 6-8 Aggregate Solibri® IFC properties checking ..................................................................... 48
Picture 6-9 Visualisation of transfered element (later element's IFC properties are explored) ............. 48
Picture 6-10 Visualisation of all mistaked that appear after checking in TeklaBIMsight® .................. 49
Picture 6-11 Example of recognised conflict (neglectable)................................................................... 49
Picture 6-12 The result of importing the IFC file to Arcadia® (Front view) ........................................ 50
Picture 6-13 Aggregate Dialog boxes of initial mistakes which appear after the IFC transferring ....... 50
Picture 6-1The result of importing the IFC file to Arcadia® (Back view) ........................................... 51
Picture 6-0-2 The result of importing the IFC file to Arcadia® (Inside view)...................................... 51
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1.
Pu rp o s e o f th e wo rk
The practical aim of the work is based on designing and then transferring the
residential project in Finland between the software. Achieving the established object will be
based on the BIM project. Theoretic part of the work is based on ifc. format, that allow
mentioned data base transferring and. Master thesis describes the IFC format phenomena. The
practical part of the project was created in Finland at University of Applied Science in Oulu.
The aim of master thesis is to check the software's cooperation during the design and
transferring the project after it will be completed. Designed project is a multi dwelling house
in Finland. The building combine family's and student's expectations. As I got a chance to live
in finish dormitory, my project was based on student house idea. However the building is
designed as a multi dwelling house.
The main purpose of the work was to check the collaboration of variety BIM software
during the whole process of designing.
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2.
Work description
2.1 Base of master thesis
The basis of the thesis is master thesis is the topic "BIM - the future of the building
industry", issued by faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Structural Engineering. Current
and valid European standards, professional literature and material catalogues published on
websites of manufacturers were used in this thesis.
2.2 Scope and object of the thesis
The object is to describe the multi-software designing process of the hotel building.
Range:

Introduction to the BIM

Legal requirements of the BIM

LOD concept

IFC idea

Practical IFC Project

Summarising and conclusions
During master thesis creation following software were used:

Archicad 19®

Revit 2015®

ArCADia 10® (due to licence requirements the Polish version was used)

Tekla BIMsight®

Solibri Model Viewer®
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2.3 Localisation
The proposed building will be located in Finland in Oulu (Maikkula district).
According to the kartta.ouka.fi website - the plan for the described area is currently under
discussion. in According to the adjacent local plan in published below area can be created
building restricted to crosshatched area. The assumed plan restricts building up to 4 floors
above ground. On each floor there are 5 or 6 independent flats. Their area varies from 41 to
113 m2.
Source of building requirements according to Oulu land use:
http://kartta.ouka.fi/IMS/?layers=Opaskartta&lon=Vireill%C3%A4%20olevat%20asemakaa
vat&cp=7215776,485984&z=64)
The building consists of:

underground garage + maintenance facilities
613 m2

ground floor
386 m2

1st floor
386 m2

2nd floor
386 m2

3rd floor
386 m2

4rd floor
363 m2
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Picture 2-1 Area of plots in Oulu under discoussion
Picture 2-2 The given plot and the building boundaries
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In tro d u ctio n to B IM
3.
3.1 History of BIM
Source:

Robert S. Weygant - BIM Content Development, Standards, Strategies, and Best
Practices - John Wiley and Sons (2011)

http://www.dougengelbart.org/pubs/augment-3906.html

http://msdoradcy.pl/category/zmiany/
3.1.1 Conception of BIM
The conceptual background of BIM idea started in the earliest days of computing. In
1962, Douglas C. Englebart gives us an mesmerizing vision of the future architect in his
paper Augmenting Human Intellect.
"The architect next begins to enter a series of specifications and data–a six-inch slab floor,
twelve-inch concrete walls eight feet high within the excavation, and so on. When he has
finished, the revised scene appears on the screen. A structure is taking shape. He examines it,
adjusts it… These lists grow into an ever more-detailed, interlinked structure, which
represents the maturing thought behind the actual design."
Englebart described the new object based designing, parametric manipulation and a correlate
database. After several years this concept was about to start for real.
3.1.2 Purpose of Building Information Modeling
BIM explore a new attitude to construction modeling. 3D modeling idea seem to be a
new successor after traditional drawing in 2D. It introduce variety of progress directions such
as maintenance of the building in the future, cost optimization during designing process or
supporting the investor with the project optimization process.
BIM tool create a credible model of the building. It helps embark on right decision,
creates high-quality construction documentation and estimation of cost. As the data modeling
go a few steps before the potential mistakes in real building is significantly reduced.
BIM is a way of designing that underscore the need of good planning before the target
project will begin. This initial phase requires more efforts for designers and is more costly in
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its beginning phases. The last phases repay the efforts by receded amount and importance of
changed or conflict on building site.
3.1.3 Implementation of new attitude in Poland
"We have some assumptions related to the fact that the investment process is the
number of entities, each of which works in its interest, without seeing the final result, which is
the construction of the facility" - said Kamil Stolarski, a lawyer with the firm M&S
Konsultanci Strategiczni®. Polish building-related partners start to think about the
cooperation of many sides, which are often based on a single document and agreements, treat
the investment as a joint project.
Picture 3-1 Traditional versus BIM/IDP workflows relative to design effort and cost of change over a
project timeline. Source: Building Information Modeling: A Strategic Implementation Guide for
Architects, Engineers, Constructors, and Real Estate Asset Man
/
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3.2 Software origin
Source:

Aish, R. (1986): ‘Building Modelling: The Key to Integrated Construction CAD’, CIB
5th International Symposium on the Use of Computers for Environmental Engineering
Related to Buildings, 7-9 July

Eastman, C. (1975): ‘The use of computers instead of drawings in building design‘,
AIA Journal, March, Volume 63, Number 3

Laiserin, J. (2003): ‘The BIM Page’, The LaiserinLetter

http://www.bbc.com/news/business-27329052

http://www.portfolio.hu/rendezvenyek/eloado/bojar-gabor/7436
The fast growth in BIM programming was not only seen in the United States but also
in the Soviet Block. Representation of the east countries had two programming geniuses who
would define the BIM market as it is known today. Leonid Raiz and Gábor Bojár would go on
to be the respective co-founder and founder of Revit® and ArchiCAD®.
On October 31, 1997 Leonid Raiz founded in Newton, Massachusetts 'Charles River
Software'. The intention was to bring the power of parametric modeling to the building
industry With funding from venture capitalists Atlas Venture and North Bridge Venture
Partners, Raiz hired several software developers and architects and began developing Revit®
in C++® on the Microsoft Windows® platform.
In 1982 ArchiCAD® raised in Budapest, Hungary by Bojár. Gábor is a physicist born
in Budapest. After his first work experience he said "It came [developing of his private
company] from the frustration of my first job in a state-controlled company. I was shocked to
learn that my boss was not happy if I was good. After a while I understood that if I am good I
can endanger his position." If a company is privately owned, he explains, normal human
selfishness means that you want to hire the best people. After the new rules were introduced
allowing small enterprises to exist - he decided to start up his company. Gábor wrote the
initial lines of code by pawning his wife’s jewelry and smuggling Apple Computers through
the Iron Curtain. All this allowed him to makes ArchiCAD® the first BIM software that was
made available on a personal computer.
Two years ago with the Emily Young the BBC® business reporter he said:
"For every technology company the largest challenge is to access to talents, to get the
best people. That is the secret of the success. A new company, working for the global market,
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behind the iron curtain, it was very attractive for the best people in the university. So to get
the best trained people from the university from technical point of view, it was easy. However,
the large challenge was to train them to like the market, to like their customers, to have an
emotional empathy with the architects in a certain sense to turn software engineers into
architects. That was a challenge, and we have overcome this challenge. Initially software
engineers were proud of the software that they have written. In a couple of years later, they
were proud of the building that was designed with our software. There are quite a few
successful entrepreneurs around the world. They bring their company into success, but when
they step back from the daily management, 90% of the companies are not performing better
than before. The initial founder is missing. But I am most proud of, that Graphisoft® belongs
to that small 10%, where the company is performing much better since I am not the guy who
is running it."
3.3 Purpose of BIM software
Source:

1 Holness, Gordon V.R. (June 2008)"Building Information Modeling Gaining
Momentum."

http://blog.capterra.com/the-top-6-free-bim-software-tools/Laiserin, J. (2003): "The
BIM Page", The Laiserin Letter
Building information modelling is a new approach of designing, building, maintaining
and utilization of the building. The main challenge is a well prepared project in 3D. BIM
software create a reliable digital presentation of a virtual building. It gives various
possibilities for a wide range of professions. Created collision in a virtual model can be easily
and cheaply resolved.
Collaterally to BIM development various of promises were created. Those promises
and wishes allows the new technology to gain new funders and future users. The main
obstacle for most of the promises is a human factor. Implementation of discussed technology
require not only money investment into the software and equipment but also to change the
view of the people on the job they do. The other important obstacle between the utopia and
reality is the relation between the partners in the construction process. Many of them are
adversarial. Although the first challenge could be forgotten when the following generation
will replace the positions of the pathfinders, the lack of trust and opposition among the
partners can stop the BIM growth. Another important promise is lifecycle use of the BIM.
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However the idea of significant reduce of the maintenance costs of the building and increase
into the life conditions is right but difficult and costly. Since any change will be applied into
the building all model could stop be effective way of managing the building. All renovations
and changes into the building would must be designed into the building as well. This
approach may face the additional costs for the owner. Additionally the equipment used in the
BIM building requires educated workers that will serve all new equipment such as run around
coil, heat pipe or recuperates.
General outlook shows its similarity to all implementation of automation solutions and
systems. The initial phase is not only very difficult and cost fully but also crucial for its future
way of using it.
3.4 Big BIM and small BIM
Source:

Holzer, Dominik-The BIM manager's handbook _ guidance for professionals in
architecture, engineering, and construction. ePart 2, Change management-John Wiley
& Sons (2015)

http://blog.capterra.com/the-top-6-free-bim-software-tools/Laiserin, J. (2003): ‘The
BIM Page’, The Laiserin Letter

Finith E. Jernigan BIG BIM little bim - Second Edition – AIA (2008)
BIM as a new technology is seen in many variety way. SMALL BIM is seen as a new
tool for designing, building and maintain the infrastructure and buildings. In the contrary to
this stands BIG BIM approach, where it is not only the software solution but a new outlook on
the building process. It requires to change the partners' view on themselves and release good
ideas to the others. Among the Polish building designing market the raising contention is well
seen. The idea of sharing the solution and experience in order to develop faster and more
efficient cannot be well implement in such a conditions. Most of building and designing
companies prefer to be one step further now then to allow all of the participants to raise
commonly and more effectively. This is the reason why such a big influence of the nationals
and UE influence is required. Without of this promising idea the BIM can finish up with a
commercial contention on the market. Software companies seem to understand the contention
in the other way. They still try to invent their own solution, make them better than others but
they also understand the idea of common growth. This common growth is understood as a
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common file exchange standard of the project (IFC). Furthermore the software that allows to
open, check and verify the BIM project exist in a free version for ex. Tekla® BIMsight® or
BIM Vision®. This requirements is achieved by wise influence of the governments where the
BIM implementation started for real.
3.5 The level of detail (LOD)
Source:

Holzer, Dominik-The BIM manager's handbook _ guidance for professionals in
architecture, engineering, and construction. ePart 2, Change management-John Wiley
& Sons (2015)

http://bimfix.blogspot.com/2013/07/developing-lod-level-of-development.html
The level of detail raise as the project is developing. The increasing amount of detail
into the model allows to solve errors at the stage where they can be solved easier that in
traditional 2D modelling.
LOD can be expressed by the example of the shower. Respective levels for a shower are:
LOD 100 = there is a shower
LOD 200 = there is a shower that has nominal space requirement of 90x90x200
LOD 300 = there is a shower that is rounded from one side and has sprinkler inside
LOD 400 = manufacturer and model number.
LOD 500 = manufacturer and model number, supplier, date of purchasing
My own practical LOD definition
Picture 3-2 BIM and
Contruction Management,
Brad Harin 2015, page 68
(Chapter 2:Project
Planning)
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3.6 Levels of BIM
Source:

Chuck Eastman - BIM handbook. The guide to building information modelling for
owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors-Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2011

Allan Ashworth and Srinath Perera - Cost studies of Buildings 6th edition, Rutledge
2015

standards: PAS 1192-5, BS 7004-2013, BS 1192

https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-levels-explained

http://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projects--construction/projects-andprocurement/building-information-modelling/

http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/level-1-bim-the-forgotten-first-step/

NBS National BIM Report 2014
3.6.1 Introduction
During the BIM adoption process strict criteria must have been approved. All
participant needed to know what is their field and range of work.
For this moment (according to UK Law) the range from 0 to 3 have been defined.
However the conception of next levels are under the discussion, their main concept can be
presented. In order to explore the levels 2nd and following it is crucial to be able to explore
requirements of “Level 1 BIM” as an organisation first.
Special impact needs to be done with Level 2. It is the last level that was approved by
UK, the leader in Europe with BIM legislation.
3.6.2 Level 0 (stage before BIM)
This is initial BIM level where the processes and principles of BIM are used but
without a 3D element. In comparison to the BIM idea this is a severe form.
This level leads to 2D CAD drafting, output and distribution is via paper or electronic
prints.
3.6.3 Level 1
Level 1 can defined as “separate sources of information covering the range of asset
information in semi-structured electronic documents” (Source: PAS 1192-5 Figure 1 – BIM
maturity levels). BS 7004-2013 also define Level 1 “Managed CAD: in 2D or 3D format
using BS 1192, with a collaboration tool providing a common data environment, possibly
some standard data structures and formats. Commercial data managed by stand-alone finance
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and cost management packages with no integration.”
This level implement the description that designer must undertake towards next level.
In order to achieve level 1 it is necessary to follow the both guidelines BS1192 and
PAS11192 (their full name are entitled in references). By utilizing the associated roles and
designing techniques users can decrease the cost of the project and increase efficiencies.
There are also other obvious benefits of 3D CAD, like the possibility of visualisation or
connection of project participants during the designing process.
3.6.4 Level 2
3.6.4.1 Introduction
This level means a work collaboration– all parties use their own 3D CAD models.
Nevertheless working on one single, shared model is still not ensured. The crucial aspect od
this level is the quality of exchanging information between different parties of given project.
The major assumption is the necessity of working on the same file format. This enable any
organization to be able to combine shared data with their own. This collaboration order allow
to unify the variety data in the places it is needed. It allows to make important for future
phases conflict checking. Due to this demand any software that is used by all parties must be
capable with common file formats such as IFC (Industry Foundation Class) or COBie®
(Construction Operations Building Information Exchange).
The UK government established the content of BIM at Level 2. It consist following parts:

British standards

publicly Available Specification

Government Soft Landings and Digital Plan of Work (provided by BIM Task Group1)

Classification (important and extensive issue that is processing as more and more
object are being developed).
1
The Building Information Modelling (BIM) Task Group are supporting and helping deliver the objectives of the
Government Construction Strategy and the requirement to strengthen the public sector’s capability in BIM implementation
with the aim that all central government departments will be adopting, as a minimum, collaborative Level 2 BIM by 2016.
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3.6.4.2 Contents and their explanation
Picture 3-4 A breakdown of Level 2 BIM maturity based on a progressive adoption of standards, procedures and
supplementary documents. Source: http://www.evolve-consultancy.com/resource/column-bim-brief/level-2-bimpossible

BS1192
BS 1192 introduce a BIM approach for managing the production, distribution and
quality of construction information. This contain also construction information created by
CAD systems. It establishes common rules for naming, classifying, layering and exchanging
data ine the projects. This issue is crucial during the collaborative working. It allows to divide
the roles and responsibilities in the projects.

PAS 1192-2:2013
Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of
construction projects using building information modelling. The specification include the
fundamental principles for Level 2 BIM .
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Most of all they are:
→ growth of project information which reference of exchanging the information with other
models
→ EIR2 and key project decision points
→ Supplier & Supply chain capability assessment
→ Provision of a BIM Execution Plan (BEP3)
→ Provision of a Common Data Environment4
Nowadays it can be seen that private BIM sector is used to omit EIR requirements. On
account of the presence of EIR is necessary for Level 2 requirements - all public order follow
with EIR regulations as they need to fulfil all procurement regulations.

PAS1192-3
The standard include the information requirements for the operational phases of a project.
PAS1192-3 allows to clarify the links between BIM and an Asset Information Model5. Using
this standard EIR can be derived.

CIC Building Information Model (BIM) Protocol6
This Protocol is established by the UK BIM Task Group. It involves two appendixes:
1) Appendix 1 – Model Production and Delivery Table. This must include references to all
Building Information Models that are required by the employer at each project stage.
2) Appendix 2 – Information Requirements. This details the information management
standards that will be adopted on a project.
2
An Employers Information Requirements - " is an information for each supplier that will be required by the
employer from both their own internal team and from suppliers for the development of the project and for the
operation of the completed built asset." - definition by nbs BIM Toolkit
3
BEP - "plan prepared by the suppliers to explain how the information modelling aspects of a project will be
carried out.” - definition by Nigel Davies
4
Provision of a Common Data Environment - "Single source of information for any given project, used to
collect, manage and disseminate all relevant approved project documents for multi-disciplinary teams in a
managed process" - definition by Nigel Davies
5
Asset Information Model - "An Asset Information Model (AIM) is a model that compiles the data and
information necessary to support asset management, that is, it provides all the data and information related to, or
required for the operation of an asset" - definition by designingbuildings.co.uk
6
CIC BIM Protocol - "The BIM Protocol is a supplementary legal agreement that is incorporated into
professional services appointments and construction contracts by means of a simple amendment. The Protocol
creates additional obligations and rights for the employer and the contracted party. The Protocol is based on the
direct contractual relationship between the employer and the supplier. It does not create additional rights or
liabilities between different suppliers" - definition by bimtaskgroup.org
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Master thesis

BS 1192-4
This part 4 of BS supply a methodology for the transfer between parties of BIM project.
Those information are related to buildings and infrastructure facilities.
It describe needs for the design and construction project phases before a project is finished.
Contents for BS 1192-4 includes: COBie7.

GSL (Government Soft Landings)
GSL obviously appear only with public projects, although the principle of a well-managed &
supported staged handover can increase the value of the project delivery. However the project
at Level 2 is possible without GSL.

Digital Plan of Work
The aim of creation this unified classification system was to define information requirements
assigned to specific stages of project, manage information delivery, follow a common library
of templates for assigned level of definition of given stages of a project.

Classification
The general classification provided by British Government is still in progress. The aim of
creation is to support the compliance and concernedness of object and templates used in BIM
projects. Even though there are some classification systems that are well used. The difficulty
of preparation this systems is its data size. Level 2 BIM is surely acceptable with other
already done existing classification systems.

PAS 1192-5
PAS1192-5 qualify the data proceeding in the organisations (public and private company) in
identifying and implementing proper and proportionate measures to reduce the risk of loss or
disclosure the information which could impact on the safety and security.
7
COBie - "Construction Operations Building information exchange is an information exchange specification for
the life-cycle capture and delivery of information needed by facility managers. COBie can be viewed in design,
construction, and maintenance software as well as in simple spreadsheets. This versatility allows COBie to be
used all projects regardless of size and technological sophistication." definition by Michael Tardif, The Chair of
COBie Task Group
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Master thesis
Above-mentioned restriction for BIM at specific levels was made according to the
pioneer effort of UK government. Since 2016 are public procurements are made in
accordance to BIM. It allow to follow legislation work parallel with real experience coming
from increasing number of realised projects. As it was described in required specifications it
can be seen that implementation of all norms, regulations and classifications is not equal for
private and public sector.
3.7 A Glossary of Terms used in the thesis
According to:
 Aish, R., Building Modelling: The Key to Integrated Construction
 Robert S. Weygant. BIM Content Development Standards, Strategies, and Best Practices
 http://bimtalk.co.uk/bim_glossary:start#bimprotocol
 http://practicalbim.blogspot.com/2013/03/what-is-this-thing-called-lod.html

3D/4D/5D(/6D/7D) Descriptions of BIM implementation with increasing 'richness' of
associated information

AEC - Architecture Engineering and Construction collective acronym for professions
working in the creation/maintenance of the built environment

BEP - BIM Execution Plan Written plan to integrate the BIM tasks and information
with all stakeholders and processes

BIM Protocol - identifies building information models that are required to be produced
by the project team and puts in place specific obligations, liabilities and associated
limitations on the use of those models. Can also be used by clients to require the
adoption of particular ways of working – such as the adoption of a common naming
standard. CIC Feb 2013

BIM Toolkit has been developed on behalf of UK's TSB by RIBA Enterprise's NBS

buildingSMART® Alliance and UK & Ireland buildingSMART non-profit
organization identifying and delivering construction “share structured data” standards
such as IFC and ISO Standards. (Formerly International Alliance for Interoperability
(IAI)).

CAD - Computer Aided Drawing/Drafting Software tools that frequently feed/are fed
by the BIM model
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Master thesis

CDE - Common Data Environment Single source of information for any given project,
used to collect, manage and disseminate all relevant approved project documents for
multi-disciplinary teams in a managed process

Classification System - standardised system being developed to ensure that data is able
to be indexed and structured to make it easily accessible in a common format
integrates with the Digital Plan of Work. Currently (2015) being developed through a
the BIM Toolkit - a Innovate UK funded project

COBie® - Construction Operations Building Information Exchange Information
exchange standard/protocol for BIM projects - generally spreadsheet based
progressively developed through construction process passed to building operator

COBie® UK 2012 UK specific version of COBie® spreadsheet. Generally identical to
US developed COBie® but employs UniClass classification in place of OmniClass

Digital Plan of Work, dPoW UK Gov BIM Task Group draft document on concepts
and detail of the management of built asset data derived from BIM with example
model, demand matrices and validation tools to assist practical understanding.
Currently (2015) being developed through Innovate UK project

Government Soft Landings - GSL A UK government framework that maximises
benefit of BIM for whole life building effectiveness applying principles of 'soft
landings'

IAI® - International Alliance of Interoperability® Former name for
buildingSMART®

IFC - Industry Foundation Classes Standard XML-based IFC developed by
buildingSMART®. Open source information model for sharing data in the
construction and facilities management industries.

IPD - Integrated Project Delivery Contractual form relevant to the BIM design and
construction process. Not widely used outside of the USA at present.

ISO 16739:2005 The standard presenting the Industry Foundation Classes

Level 0 BIM, Level 1 BIM, Level 2 BIM, Level 3 BIM - frequently used terms when
referring to the UK Government's requirements for BIM (maturity) in publicly funded
projects

Level of definition, LoD term used variously for Level of Detail and/or Level of
development

LoD - Level of Detail or - Level of Development.
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Master thesis

NBL, NBS BIM Library NBS resource of BIM content available in IFC and formats
for Revit®, ArchiCAD®, Vectorworks®, Tekla® and Bentley® software

NBS BIM Toolkit UK Government funded online tool to underpin the delivery of UK
Level 2 BIM

Open BIM Approach (orchestrated by buildingSmart) to provide accessible
collaborative in design realization and operation of buildings based on open standards
and workflows

PDT Product Data Template - a unified method of providing manufacturer data for
application in the BIM process
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Master thesis
4.
Law in th e B I M
Source:


Allan Ashworth and Srinath Perera - Cost studies of Buildings 6th edition, Rutledge
2015


http://europeanbimsummit.com/sessions
4.1 Introduction to the matter
Although IFC Model is based on the electronic version of the building project, polish
norms and regulations do not constitute any law basics for electronic building
documentations. The polish norm PN-ISO 690-2: 1999 precise electronic document as the
date that can be transferred and opened in the computer (this regulation is definitely not
sufficient for current generating BIM market in Poland). The other approach has European
Commission showed in the 2004/563/WE2 decision.
4.2 References to Europe
Europe in currently under strong impact of national concentration of government BIM
programmes. This common effort of European countries pose the most significant influence
among any other region in the world.
First was Finland and later Norway who introduced standards, followed by national
procurement policies from the UK and Netherlands and most recently government initiatives
from France, Germany and Spain. Recently “EU BIM Task Group” was formed (co-funded
by the European Commission). The aim of the gorup is to bring together these national efforts
into a common and aligned European approach in order to create world-class digital
construction sector.
4.3 BIM in Poland
Although first big BIM projects are developing in Poland - the Polish legal system is
still not yet ready for it. It is necessary to implement new construction law that face with
challenges and opportunities of BIM. Changes are required also in, public procurement law,
planning and zoning. It will allow public sector to use BIM technology as it is in Finland or it
will simply force public sector to extract BIM for any new building as it is in Great Britain.
Light in the tunnel may be the EU directive that would dispose new public building to be built
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Master thesis
in the BIM technology. Interesting seem to be controlling the maintenance period of the
building after it would have been finished. This would allow to check the potential reduce
with maintenance cost.
BIM is also a tool, which is accompanied by both implementation of a new approach
and regular construction project to the course of construction projects. Unfortunately BIM
projects are often based on loosely - linked elements, carried out by individual participants in
the construction process, the investment becomes one big project carried out by a number of
cooperating entities.
4.4 BIM in Polish Public Procurement Law
According to other European countries (especially UK where all public building arise
with BIM approach) BIM implementation phase - public sector seem to be crucial initiator of
BIM implementation for all national building market.
Nowadays Polish Public Procurement Law face the need of updating the laws and
regulations, New technical solutions, and methods of improving investment operations must
be supported by the Law. Otherwise the full use of the BIM will not be possible.
The average Polish public procurement in the last 4 years is amounted to 144 milliard
zł. which 40 per cent of this amount is addressed to building sector. According to Konrad
Majewski, in Poland there are about 37,000 purchasing entity who operate within the law,
they must follow. According to EU directives Poland is obliged to create a completely new
law on public procurement system, which will implement the BIM. According to them, in
public works contracts, authorities may require special electronic tools, such as BIM.
Experts agreed that from a legal point of view, detailing concepts such as special
electronic tools or alternative means of access, can cause huge problems. Especially if the
Polish legislator will not develop updated directives.
The lawyers shared their experiences, which show that a large part of the investment in
Poland ends with a lawsuit. The consequence of this approach, is the fact that in 2013-2014 in
Poland 437 construction companies went bankrupt because of litigation. The specificity of the
judicial process is such that it can take several months, but it could take years.
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Master thesis
The practice viewpoint on public procurement law - "Public Procurement Law cannot
be like a puzzle" - summed Kamil Stolarski. - "There may be a set of rules that program the
final solution. PPL has to be like Lego blocks, of which you can build a lot of different things.
The main task of the law is that nothing program to end, not
eliminate flexibility and innovation. The law will never keep up with the economy, but most
importantly, that it is not blocked." This approach clearly shows that good implementation of
BIM into the market must start not only with legal obligation but also with well prepared law
that will allow to derive benefits for all BIM involved participants.
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Master thesis
5.
IFC id ea
Source:


Stefan Mordue & Paul Swaddle, "Building Information Modeling for Dummies",
Wiley Publisher, London 2015

http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/creating-custom-ifc-properties-in-archicad-19

5.1 IFC introduction
IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is known by BIM professionals as a data model
developed by the buildingSMART® (former organisation was named IAI®) to facilitate
cooperation in the building industry.
Sharing information between companies, organisations, IT systems and databases will
introduce the significant benefits for all BIM participants. This is the IFC standard which is
the key to circulate this cost-effectively and without becoming dependent on company's
software or some specific file formats. Most of CAD producers took part in IFC developing
process, most of their software support it. IFC Support all software that was used in my
master thesis. According to software developer all of them transfer and cooperate data bases
with success. The reality shows that still the effort of the user is required in order to transfer
sophisticated elements between software.
According to NBS library IFC data format is: " IFC is an industry-wide open and
neutral data format that is fast becoming the de-facto standard for rich data exchange. It was
first developed by an industry consortium formed by Autodesk® in 1994 and known as the
Industry Alliance for Interoperability. To assist the development of a non-proprietary standard
it was renamed the International Alliance for Interoperability in 1997 and reconstituted as a
not-for-profit alliance. It promotes IFC as a neutral product model supporting the building
lifecycle and opens up membership to all interested parties." NBS also define the IFC from
the object point of view: " Essentially speaking, IFC provides the ‘guidelines’ or ‘rules’ to
determine what information is exchanged. Although it may include geometry, it is not limited
to this; it presents tangible building components such as walls and doors and also enables the
linking of alphanumeric information (properties, quantities, classification, etc.) to building
objects and maintaining these relationships." Similar definition was proposed by Solibri
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Master thesis
software (one of the viewer program that was used in the thesis): "The IFC system is a data
representation standard and file format used to define architectural and construction-related
CAD graphic data as 3D real-world objects. Its main purpose is to provide architects and
engineers with the ability to exchange data between CAD tools, cost estimation systems and
other construction-related applications. IFC provides a set of definitions for all object element
types encountered in the building industry and a text-based structure for storing those
definitions in a data file."
Both definition shows the crucial necessity of information exchange between the
software and projects. Since the year 1996 six IFC specifications was introduced for a
common use: IFC1.5.1, IFC2.0, IFC2x, IFC2x2, IFC 2x3 and IFC4. (Formally known as IFC
2x4). However BuildingSMART® recommended the IFC 2x3 as the most proper format to
use at this moment. Most of BIM products include the IFC export inside th software the others
are available as separate modules.
This format has widest assistance of all IFC objects. What needs to be mention is the
fact that this is IFC4 which is registered as an Official International Standard , ISO
16739:2013. This was it made with perspective the software will implement newer IFC
format as it was done for previous one.
According to the possibility of meeting constructors at Constravia® Company in
Poznań it can be said that for designing purposes successful model transferring between the
software is crucial for cooperation. The work is based on exchanging the parts of the project
via IFC2x3 data format. As they design constructions mainly for foreign country such as
Norway or Finland - the good communication is crucial for final outcome. As the building is
designed in Tekla® Software, it is sent via mentioned IFC data base for correction and
remarks that can be easily done at Solibri® software (popular Scandinavian BIM viewer).
According to Caduceus Company® (link no 38) IFC file should not be totally
interchangeable. Following with this statement the aim of IFC data system is not the
possibility of exchange the full information of the project among the software. It should only
allows users to read other projects. The other approach is to develop as advance IFC standard
that will be able to cover all information of given project and ensure full capability of
transferring processes.
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Master thesis
5.2 IFC Data File Formats and Icons
IFC data files are exchanged between applications using the following formats and
should be indicated by the published icons:
5.2.1 Default IFC exchange format
.ifc
IFC data file using the STEP physical file structure according to ISO10303-21. The .ifc file
shall validate according to the IFC-EXPRESS specification.
5.2.2 IFC data file using the XML document structure.
.ifcXML
It can be generated directly by the sending application, or from an IFC data file using the
conversion following ISO10303-28, the XML representation of EXPRESS schemas and data.
The .ifcXML file is 3-4 times larger than the default .ifc file.
5.2.3 IFC data file using the PKzip 2.04g compression algorithm
.ifcZIP
IFC data file using the PKzip 2.04g compression
algorithm (compatible with e.g. Windows
compressed folders, winzip, zlib, info-zip, etc.).
It requires to have a single .ifc or *.ifcXML
data file in the main directory of the zip archive.
Compression usually compress an .ifc down
by 60-80% and an .ifcXML file by 90-95%.
5.2.4 Example
IFC Export example
Paweł Grześkowiak
Picture 5-1 Example of
IFC export from Archicad
19® software
Page 31
Master thesis
5.3 IFC Data File standards
The under mentioned graphic shows the development of the IFC standard since
first IFC standard was invented. Nowadays the most popular standard is IFC 2X3 (that
was also used in my work during all transfer processes). However the need of richer
IFC 4.0 standard is guaranteed by Construsoft® company that founded Archicad 20®
software (the first software that ensure IFC 4.0). Even
the official presentation took place in the middle
of June - the final commerce premier is still not settled.
Commerce premier is set
on 2nd part of 2016
ARCHICAD
20®
Presented graphic shows the name of IFC standard and the year it was invented. It is
common for all standards that their usage in designing was significantly delayed. For example
first time that invented in 2014 IFC 4 standard was presented to chosen group of clients took
place on 13 of June 2016.
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
5.4 Creating additional IFC properties based on example ARCHICAD 19®
software
5.4.1 Intro
From the UK perspective (the legislation pioneer in Europe) IFC data files are based
on four standard forms: ISO 16739:2013, COBie® 2.4, BS 1192-4:2014, NBS in the UK NBS
BIM Object Standard.
IFC format generally precise not only how the real object is saved digitally but also
how rich is the information with given object. If the designing process will be more
demanding special new properties of BIM might be necessary to use.
5.4.2 Adding new properties (example)
Assume the thermal properties is necessary to be added to the wall. The value will be
expressed as Thermal conductivity and expressed with a single number. This assumption is
important due to the future application of given element with assigned features. After
implementation thermal conductivity and exporting the element to IFC format - the
appropriate rules of recipient software will be required.
To begin properties addition the element selection is needed. User is allowed to use
keyboard combination ctrl+alt+I or to follow with the further instructions.
Picture 5-2 Chosing and isolating element
Picture Picture 5-3 Isolated element
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Master thesis
Picture 5-8 Window 2
In case of implementing
many new features the
"Property Set name"
should not be started
with "Pset" prefix. Such
a rule improve clarity of
the project base. In case
of my work no
correction was made
(due to already done
model transferring)
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
5.4.3 Adding new properties (option and implementing rules explenation)
The initial movement of creating the additional IFC property is to create the "Property
Set name". From the software point of view this is a folder where all information related to
this additional property will be stored. According to mentioned standards (that describe IFC)
no standard was made for "Property Set name". The only restriction is not to name a new
"Property Set name" starting with prefix "Pset_" (this word can be used in the middle or at the
end of the "Property Set name". All properties starting from this prefix are related to IFC
standard ISO 16739:2013. It is reasonable to use the name of inventor company or
organisation name as a prefix. Clear naming the new property set improve communication
between the companies and avoid duplicating of the feathers linked to one element.
After addressing a new property to chosen group ("Property Set name") it is necessary
to name the given property. In order to do this "Property name is needed". In my case it was
averaged (to wall and openings) thermal conductivity property.
Following step is to determine the "Value type". They can be defined as:

Single Value





Enumerated Value (value depends on initial data)
Bounded Value (two maximum and minimum value - upper and lower value)
Table Value (final value depends on specifying value)
List Value (value depends on the designer choice)
Referenced Value (final value depends on the other elements in the project)
The last part is to define the sort of data that is created. The "value types" supported by
ARCHICAD 19® is completely compatible with the IFC standard. These 9 common Value
(the default and most common is "IfcLabel") types are as follows: IfcBoolean, IfcIdentifier,
IfcInteger, IfcLabel, IfcLengthMeasure, IfcLogical, IfcRatioMeasure, IfcReal, IfcText.
In case of the thesis the new property was defined. However there is a list of value
types (described as Defined types) on the buildingSMART website (the list is enclosed to the
thesis). Due to the need of presenting all process of new feature creating the new naming as
proposed (ThermalConductivity).
However in order to improve the communication between companies and
organisations the feature no. 115 should be applied (IfcThermalConductivityMeasure) - a
measure of thermal conductivity. Usually measured in Watt / m Kelvin.
The fact that not all features that are places in the list are possible to applied. Many of
them require the IFC4. For the moment mentioned IFC Data File standards is in rapid
development (especially Archicad 20® that is still waiting for its premiere).
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
5.5 NBS BIM Object Standard
5.5.1 The purpose of NBS
The National BIM Library is a free online library consisting of generic and proprietary
BIM objects such as walls, windows, doors, foundations, cladding, roofs in IFC format and
formats for use in Autodesk Revit®, Bentley®, ArchiCAD®, Vectorworks® and Teckla®. As
the software is developed faster and faster the amount of objects introduced to the BIM raise
significantly. In order to preserve the high quality of the exchanged between the software
elements it is necessary to introduce the standards describing the content, structure and the
geometry for BIM's elements. Building industry needs a source to BIM objects that can be
used freely, safe in the knowledge that they contain the right levels of information.
The BIM elements is quickly evolving and NBS is at the forefront of this evolution. NBS
BIM Object Standard allows the designers to create their own objects for project purposes
with the same standard, presuming better collaboration, productivity and more exact
information exchange.
The UK is the fastest-growing BIM library, with a comprehensive hoard of generic
and manufacturers’ BIM objects. The important advantage is the fact that all manufacturers’
BIM objects were involved to this project. The NBS National BIM Library is free to use
5.5.2 Standardisation introduced by NBS
5.5.2.1 Using xBIM for standardisation purposes
The xBIM stands for eXtensible Building Information Modelling Toolkit. The xBIM
is an open-source software. This BIM tool supports the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). It
also allows designers to produce and explore Building Information Models in the Industry
Foundation Classes format.
5.5.2.2 National BIM Library standardization process
(photos from http://www.openbim.org/case-studies/nbs-bim-library)
The formation of those objects in the BIM NBS in the Industry Foundation Classes
format was developed using mainly xBIM as the crucial technology base.
Below there is a procedure how BIM objects are developed by xBIM:
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Master thesis
Picture 5-9. Source: http://www.openbim.org/case-studies/nbs-bim-library
Picture 5-10 Picture. Source: http://www.openbim.org/case-studies/nbs-bim-library
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Master thesis
Picture 5-12 Source: www.barden.ie/learning-curve/switchingindustries-finance
Picture 5-11 Source:
http://www.dtsone.com/industryexperience/
Than comprehensive research is followed in order to gather parametric information,
naming standards and content from industry experience
Those information is applied into a spreadsheet, which is the "database" that hold
extensive information about every object. That database create foundations for IFC
conversion process.
A user can then
upload ("feed") the
spreadsheet into
an in-house application
called "xBIM National
Building Library Converter".
Picture 5-13 Picture from Xbim NBS Convertor
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Master thesis
The converter can convert the information on the spreadsheet into standard IFC files.
This application uses The xBIM Toolkit as the underlying technology to map the information
on the spreadsheet into appropriate IFC properties. The xBIM Toolkit also performs
validation checking to ensure all IFC files created complies to IFC2x3 (TC1) standards.
Apart from creating a standard IFC file, there is an option to create a Revit®-specific IFC file
(by selecting the "Save Revit® groups information"). Selecting this option will insert more
information into the IFC file to allow grouping information to work in Revit, which is not
mapped out as part of the standard IFC information sets.
After the IFC file has been created, the IFC file can be imported into Revit® using the "xBIM
Add-In for Revit®" (another in-house developed program) which is installed onto the user's
machine and appears at the top of the
toolbar in Autodesk Revit®.
Picture 5-14 Dialog box in Revit® with xBIM Add-In
Picture 5-15 Window of Revit® with xBIM Add-In
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Master thesis
Later, according to NBS instructions: "The IFC files for these BIM objects are then
handed over to NBS for publication on their website, and are available free on the NBS
National BIM Library.
Than NBS as the trusted objects source specification, BIM and practice management
solutions for the UK construction industry can be delivered to every BIM user. Nowadays
NBS specification system is presented as the UK’s preferred standard. After NBS became UK
national standard library it is used internationally.
Picture 5-16 NBS website with an example of Generic BIM object
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Master thesis
5.6 How NBS solved problem of model transfer?
5.6.1 Transfer description
®
®
®
®
The project was exported in the format IFC 2x3 from Archicad®. Revit® supports the
following standards for import: IFC4, IFC2x3, and IFC2x2.
5.6.2 Procedure of transferring
5.6.2.1 IFC transfer failure
The IFC translation process is still a work in progress.
Revit® software has easy to follow option of
transferring the IFC file. Unfortunately due to the
lack of required library Revit® did not import based
on Archicad 19® project.
5.6.2.2 Implementation of NBS Template into Revit 2015®
In order to connect both softwares compenhersive
library like NBS is needed.
Here is the step-by-step procedure:
→ Downloading the NBS Template from the NBS website
Picture 5-17 Opening box in Revit®
Picture 5-18 NBS website
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Master thesis
→ Starting a new project and loading downloaded Template. Than repeat the procedure at 1st
step that was failure at the beginning.
Picture 5-20 Aggregate NBS implementaton to Revit® software.
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Master thesis
6.
B I M d e s i g n i n g p r o c e s s b a s e d o n I F C e x c h a n g e f o r ma t
6.1 Introduction to the modelling process
The main idea of the thesis was to check the behaviour of the IFC file during the
exchange processes between the software. Project was created at the 1st stage using
Archicad® software. First problem occur during the IFC transformation from Archicad® to
Revit® software.
®
®
®
®
Transferring database between the software occur many problems. Most of them were
possible to solve or just their negative impact possible to decrease.
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Master thesis
6.2 Transferring IFC model
6.2.1 Transfer IFC model from Archicad® to Revit®
Despite of exporting the model from Archicad® software in the IFC database the
®
Archicad
®
Revit
According to the IFC exchange database the transfer between the software is possible
to proceed. Project was fully designed in Archicad®. However the first approach was not
made with success. During importing process Revit® did not respond on the importing
command. In order to transfer the project between both software the NBS library was
necessary.
This problem did not occur during the transfer between Archicad 19® or Revit® and
BIM displaying software (like Solibri® or TeklaBimSight®). Both software had necessary
library that allowed project to be well transferred (visualisation of the results are enclosed in
the following chapter).
6.3 Comparison of 3D displaying
6.3.1 Revit 2015
In order to open walk tool the 3D View must be open. After appropriate mood in the
Project Browser the 3D View options is needed. From the toolbar the camera tool must be
opened. The camera perspective must cover all building.
However then navigation of the building is complex, the tool is very complicated.
Achieving expected position require the usage of a few changeable options.
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
6.3.2 ArchiCAD 19®
In order to open walk tool the 3D View must be open. After appropriate mood in the
Project Browser the 3D View options is needed. From the toolbar the camera tool must be
opened. The camera perspective must cover all building.
Among all used BIM software Archicad 19® provide the best display option. It is not
only easy and intuitional but also real and comprehensive tool.
Picture 6-1Aggregare vissualisation option in
Archicad®
During transfering the model from Revit® to Archicad® which was already
transfered between Archicad® and Solibri Viewer® tha fail emelemt layer was added. This
layer changed the view significantly and hide all openings by concrete envelopes (Picture ).
Picture 6-3 View of hided openings by concrete
envelopes
Picture 6-2 View of with wrong layer switched off
Picture 6-4 Switching off the wrong layer
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
Picture 6-6 Visualisation with no element filtration
Picture 6-5 Example of visualisation with walls filtered
Picture 6-7 Visualisation with slabs and walls filtered
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
6.3.3 Solibri Model Viewer®
Solibri Model Viewer® is a free software that allow to display the project in the IFC
data. The managing the view is easy to follow, however not as convenient as it was in
Archicad 19®. There is an example of checking the information of given element. With this
case it can be seen how many information were transferred from one software to another via
the IFC file system.
Picture 6-9 Visualisation of transfered element (later
element's IFC properties are explored)
Picture 6-8 Aggregate Solibri® IFC properties checking
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
6.3.4 Tekla BIMSight®
This software is next to Solibri Viewer® free software to display and explore the IFC
project. However this software also allow the user to check the conflicts between the
elements.
The very interesting tool is the conflict checker. It allow not only the checking with
the given project but also to check the conflict between the another project. All of them must
be saved in the IFC data file. This is convenient tool for HVAC and architectural projects
checking. This tool also allow more sophisticated checking inside of the project. It allow to
check the errors that are addressed only to chosen
element.
The accuracy of the IFC file transferring is still
a big challenge. After the checking was made the
errors were discovered. Some of the
notifications were not right. For example the
conflict between the flower elements and the
concrete balcony balustrade (Picture ).
However the conflict really exist it has no
influence on the building process
and can be neglected.
Picture 6-11 Example of
recognised conflict
(neglectable)
Picture 6-10
Visualisation of all
mistaked that
appear after
checking in
TeklaBIMsight®
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
6.3.5 ArCADia 10.0 PL®
During the importing the IFC file into the ArCADia 10.0 PL® (only polish version is
available with student licence) always the error is displayed. After a few attempts project is
loaded with success.
The model was loaded with a lack of many elements e.g. trees, flowers, chairs, tables,
doors. This mistake was made because of the lack of appropriate library content. No
appropriate library for Arcadia® was found. It shows the crucial problem with the transferring
the model to ArCADia® software. However the software allow the project collaboration
within the INTERSOFT® products, transferring the IFC project is not easy to success.
Because of missing elements no conflict between the elements were found.
Picture 6-13 Aggregate Dialog boxes of initial mistakes
which appear after the IFC transferring
Picture 6-12 The result of importing
the IFC file to Arcadia® (Front
view)
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
Picture 6-1The result of importing the IFC file to Arcadia® (Back view)
Picture 6-0-2 The result of importing the IFC file to Arcadia® (Inside view)
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
6.4 Description of software collaboration
Source:

http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/certification/ifc-certification-2.0/ifc2x3-cv-v2.0certification/participants

http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/certification

http://buildingsmart.pl/WOIIB5.pdfNBS National BIM Report 2014
According to the official buildingSMART IFC2x3 Coordination View V2.08
certification process both ArchiCAD® and Revit® are certificated for export & import. Also
all used BIM viewer software (Solibri® & TeklaBIMsight®) are certificated for its import
quality. The only software that has no official buildingSMART IFC2x3 Coordination View
V2.0 certification and was used during transferring processes is ArCADia® software. This
shows how common certificate guarantee assumed quality.
The only mistake that occur during transferring model within certificated software was
erroneously added layer that wrongly cover all openings with concrete blocks (picture 6-4,
page 49. Before the layer appeared model had been transfering:
→ Archicad® to Revit®
→Revit® to Solibri®
→Revit® to TeklaBIMsight®
→Revit® to Archicad®
As viewer software were only displaying the model (no editions were made) only 1st
and 4th transferring impacted on final model. However the mistake in layer changed view of
the model meaningfully the reparation was easy to proceed.
8
BuildingSMART IFC2x3 Coordination View V2.08 certificate: "The Coordination View targets the
coordination between the architectural, mechanical and structural engineering tasks during the design phase.
Abbreviation: CV V2.0 -." definition by http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
7.
C o n c l u s i o n s a n d s u m ma r y
7.1 Encapsulating of used software
Designing processes and transferring challenges that were made in this thesis shows
the importance of data transferring between the software. The IFC idea allow companies to
work with the software that is most proper for their profession and aims. Very good
impression was made by Archicad® because of its well displaying functionality and
suggestive work. Also Revit® need to be judged positively because of it well made
functionality and popularity.
Furthermore the Viewer (Displaying) software like Solibri® (with big popularity in
Scandinavian countries) are surprisingly good with exploring the projects that were developed
with other software but saved in IFC data file (mainly IFC2x3).
The only software that did not meet minimum expectations is Arcadia 10.0 PL®. The
software was not compatible with most of the interior object like (e.g. tables, chairs, bathroom
and kitchen equipments) and external (e.g. trees, sander, flowers, balcony railing). During my
work with the software no appropriate library, that would allow proper transfer was found.
7.2 Conclusions about the ifc. standard
The growth of BIM modelling needs proper legislation stimulation. The innovation of
one common ifc. standard for BIM project allowed the brand to develop more commonly in
one better direction. The criticise of ifc. impose is wrong due to the fact that the main
fundament of BIM is its transparency and data sharing idea between all designing parties.
Owing to common legislation processes that started in Finland and UK and was
followed by European Commission the important standardisation work is already done or is
about to be done. However the polish law implementation needs to be done in order to exploit
BIM benefits. However first projects are already developed in BIM technology, Procurement
Law in Poland (predictable pioneer in BIM) still wait for appropriate regulations.
7.3 Summary of the work
For the purposes of this thesis - the residential project was created. This project was
deliberately enriched with many object such as trees, balcony balustrade and plants, furniture,
kitchen and bathroom equipment (including sauna facilities). Those objects allowed the
rigorist verifying of transfer processes between software.
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
Due to crucial for mentioned processes exchanging data standard phenomena - the ifc.
standard was introduced and described.
According to scope of the thesis also the legal requirements and with BIM level
concept was introduced and briefly explained.
The thesis was summarized with the description of the BIM data transferring process.
The transfer processes were described and judged. The prevention action were pointed and
introduced.
7.4 Streszczenie pracy
Na potrzeby pracy został opracowany model wielorodzinnego domu mieszkalnego.
Projekt został celowo wzbogacony dużą liczbą obiektów, takich jak: drzewa, balustrady i
kwiaty balkonowe, meble, wyposażenie kuchenne i łazienkowe (włączając w to obiekt
sauny). Wszystkie te obiekty pozwoliły na rygorystyczną ocenę procesów transferu modelu
pomiędzy oprogramowaniem.
Z powodu kluczowego dla wspomnianych procesów wymiany - standard danych - ifc.
został przedstawiony i opisany.
W nawiązaniu do zakresu pracy także wymogi prawne oraz idea poziomów w BIM-ie
zostały przedstawione i zwięźle omówione.
Praca została podsumowana opisem transferów modelu w ramach różnych
oprogramowań. Przekazy danych w ramach oprogramowania zostały opisane i ocenione.
Wskazane zostały także możliwe sposoby zaradcze dot. ewentualnych błędów.
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
8.
B ib lio g rap h y
8.1 Norm and regulations
[1]
BS ISO 16739:2013: Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the
construction and facility management industries.
[2]
PAS 1192-2:2013 Specification for information management for the capital/delivery
phase of construction projects using building information modelling
[3]
PAS 1192-5:2015 BIM maturity levels
[4]
BS 7000-4:2013 Maturity model showing standards and guidance applicable
[5]
PAS 1192-3:2014 Specification for information management for the operational
phase of assets using building information modelling
[6]
BS 1192-4 Collaborative production of information. Part 4: Fulfilling employers
information exchange requirements using COBie – Code of practice
[7]
BS 1192:2007+A2:2016 Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and
construction information. Code of practice
(version replace the documents from 2007 and 2015 year)
[8]
ISO/PAS 16739:2005: Industry Foundation Classes, Release 2x, Platform
Specification (IFC2x Platform)
[9]
BS 8541-2:2011: Library objects for architecture, engineering and construction –
Recommended 2D symbols of building elements for use in building information
modelling.
[10]
BS EN ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems. Requirements.
[11]
BS EN ISO 13567-1:2002 Technical product documentation. Organization and
naming of layers for CAD Overview and principles.
[12]
BS EN ISO 13567-2:2002 Technical product documentation. Organization and
naming of layers for CAD Overview, format and codes used in construction
documentation.
[13]
ISO 12006-2:2015 Building construction — Organization of information about
construction works — Part 2: Framework for classification.
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
8.2 Websites:
[14]
http://www.architectureresearchlab.com/arl/2011/08/21/bim-history/
[15]
https://www.solibri.com/support/bim-ifc/
[16]
http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51622
[17]
http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/specifications/ifc-overview
[18]
http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC2x3/TC1/html/index.htm
[19]
http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/final/html/index.htm
[20]
http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/implementation/implementations
[21]
http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/certification/ifc-certification-2.0/ifc2x3-cv-v2.0certification/participants
[22]
http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/certification
[23]
http://www.bimblog.pl/2011/12/ifc-kilka-suchych-faktow/
[24]
http://www.bimblog.bondbryan.com/creating-custom-ifc-properties-in-archicad-19/
[25]
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-27329052
[26]
http://www.portfolio.hu/rendezvenyek/eloado/bojar-gabor/7436
[27]
http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/
[28]
http://www.cpic.org.uk/
[29]
http://www.nationalbimlibrary.com/bim-explained
[30]
http://www.nationalbimlibrary.com/about-bim-objects
[31]
http://www.nationalbimlibrary.com/what-is-nbs-national-bim-library
[32]
http://www.nationalbimlibrary.com/nbs-templates-for-autodesk-revit
[33]
http://www.nibs.org/
[34]
http://blogs.rand.com/support/2015/01/revit-2015-r2-libraries-and-template-notinstalled.html
[35]
http://www.openbim.org/case-studies/nbs-bim-library
[36]
https://xbim.codeplex.com/
[37]
http://bim.put.poznan.pl/skrypt/Skrypt_szkoleniowy-AutodeskRevitpodstawowe_funkcje_programu.pdf
[38]
http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0940/0901b8038094
0a88.pdf?filepath=xenergy/pdfs/noreg/291-00825.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc
[39]
http://www.caduceus.co.nz/converting-archicad-models-to-revit-2015-projects-viaifc-method-1/
[40]
http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/standards/
Paweł Grześkowiak
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Master thesis
[41]
https://bimcomponents.com/
[42]
https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-levels-explained
[43]
http://www.skanska.co.uk/services/digital-engineering-including-bim/
[44]
https://www.architecture.com/RIBA/Professionalsupport/BIM.aspx
[45]
http://buildingsmart.pl/WOIIB5.pdf
8.3 Literature
[46]
Robert S. Weygant, "BIM Content Development Standards, Strategies, and Best
Practice"s, Wiley Publisher, New Jersey 2011
[47]
Ernst Neufert," Podręcznik projektowania architektoniczno-budowlanego", Arkady,
Warszawa 1995
[48]
Robert Aish, "Building Modelling: The Key to Integrated Construction CAD",
London 2010
[49]
Chuck Eastman, "The use of computers instead of drawings in building design" AIA
Journal, March, Volume 63, Number 3
[50]
Dominik Holzer, "The BIM manager's handbook guidance for professionals in
architecture, engineering, and construction", Wiley Publisher, Chichester 2015
[51]
Chuck Eastman, "BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for
owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors-Hoboken", Wiley
Publisher, New Jork 2011
[52]
Allan Ashworth and Srinath Perera, "Cost studies of Buildings 6th edition,
Routledge, Oxon 2015
[53]
Stefan Mordue & Paul Swaddle, "Building Information Modeling for Dummies",
Wiley Publisher, London 2015
[54]
Andrzej Tomana „BIM. Innowacyjna technologia w budownictwie”, Drukarnia
Kserkop, Kraków 2015
[55]
Marzia Bolpagni, "The implementation of BIM within the public procurement" Expo
2013
[56]
Richard Saxon, BIM for Construction Clients, NBS, London 2016
Paweł Grześkowiak
Page 57

PROJEKT DOMU STUDENCKIEGO W TECHNOLOGII PASYWNEJ

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