Wasaga Beach Community Food Assessment

 Wasaga Beach Community Food Assessment April 2015 Prepared by: Jennifer Parker Acknowledgements This report is the result of multiple contributions made by community members and organizations who have supported this project providing valuable expertise, knowledge and time. Steering Committee • Ruth McArthur -­‐ Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Public Health Nurse • Jody Dawson -­‐ Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Public Health Dietitian • Linda Feldpusch – Community Member • Shannon Gale -­‐ South Georgian Bay Community Health Centre, Health Promoter • Diane Graham – Clearview Community Church, Community Member • Joan Leonard – Georgian Good Food Box • Courtney Oneill – South Georgian Bay Community Health Centre, Dietitian • Fiona Proctor -­‐ Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Public Health Nurse • Mark Redmond -­‐Georgian Good Food Box • Diana Vangelisti – South Georgian Bay Community Health Centre, Board Chair • Peter Willmott -­‐ Wasaga Beach Healthy Community Network 2 Cover Photos: Collingwood Farmers’ Market, Wasaga Beach Community Garden Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Community Food Assessment Objectives ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Limitations .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Report Organization ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Importance of a Local, Sustainable, Food System ........................................................................................ 7 1.7 An Examination of Terminology ................................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Community Food Centres ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.9 Food and the Social Determinants of Health .............................................................................................. 10 2. Wasaga Beach Community Profile ............................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Population Growth & Demographics .......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Housing ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Employment ............................................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Income Distribution .................................................................................................................................... 15 2.6 Social and Material Deprivation Index ........................................................................................................ 17 2.7 Education .................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.8 Transportation ............................................................................................................................................ 18 2.9 Economy ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Food Access .............................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Nutritious Food Basket ............................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Health ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Measuring Food Insecurity ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.4 Municipal Policy and Food .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.5 Food Producers and Processors .................................................................................................................. 27 4. Community Food Programs ....................................................................................................................... 28 4.1 Food Banks and Local Churches .................................................................................................................. 28 4.2 School Nutrition Programs, Youth Outreach Programs and Food Skills ..................................................... 31 4.3 Community Meal Services .......................................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Community Gardens ................................................................................................................................... 33 4.5 Community Kitchens/Collective Kitchens ................................................................................................... 34 4.6 Georgian Good Food Box ............................................................................................................................ 35 4.7 Community Supported Agriculture ............................................................................................................. 35 4.8 Farmers’ Markets and Farm Stands ............................................................................................................ 36 4.9 Healthy Food Retail .................................................................................................................................... 36 4.10 Community Events .................................................................................................................................... 37 Maps ............................................................................................................................................................................... 37
4.11 Community Food Resource 3 4.12 Food Related Policy and Advocacy ........................................................................................................... 40 5. Key Informant Interviews .......................................................................................................................... 41 5.1 Overarching Concepts ................................................................................................................................ 42 5.2 Community Food Centre Perceived Strengths and Challenges .................................................................. 43 5.3 Interview Participants – Short Term Vision (Community Food Centre Physical Organization) .................. 46 5.4 Interview Participants – Short Term Vision (Community Food Centre Logistical Organization) ................ 47 5.5 Interview Participants – Long Term Vision (Community Food Centre) ...................................................... 47 5.6 Building Connections with the Local Food System ..................................................................................... 48 6. Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix A: Food for Thought II Graphic Summary ....................................................................................... 51 Appendix B: Local Food Producers and Processors ........................................................................................ 52 Appendix C: Agricultural Land Classification, Wasaga Beach ......................................................................... 54 Appendix D: Official Plan of the Town of Wasaga Beach (Schedule A) .......................................................... 55 Appendix E: Hot Meal Schedule .................................................................................................................... 59 Appendix F: Medium-­‐Large and Small Food Retail Outlets ............................................................................ 59 Appendix G: Community Events .................................................................................................................... 60 Appendix H: Municipal Policy Documents ..................................................................................................... 61 Food Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 62 4 1. Introduction 1.1 Background In 2013, Food For Thought II, a community food symposium, was held in Wasaga Beach. The event focused on 1
identifying and promoting food-­‐related actions to shift from charity to community-­‐centred approaches . Participants attending Food For Thought II, representing local organizations, food producers, municipal leaders and community members (approximately 100) from across South Georgian Bay identified the idea of a Community Food Centre (CFC) as one of several community-­‐based action areas (Appendix A: FFT II Event Summary Diagram). In response, the South Georgian Bay Community Food Centre Steering Committee (SGBCFC Steering Committee) was formed in March 2014. The SGBCFC Steering Committee is a collaborative group of community members, agencies and organizations. The community food assessment was completed through funding from the provincial government’s Healthy Communities Partnership. 1.2 Community Food Assessment Objectives A community food assessment is a tool that can be used to build an overall picture of what is happening around food in our community, from access to production, inclusive of all that goes into our local ‘food system,’ and issues that arise regarding equity, distribution and resource management. Information collected as part of a community food assessment can be used to help guide decision-­‐making, build awareness and strengthen community connections. The primary objectives for the community food assessment included: i.
Identify community food resources ii.
Strengthen awareness and understanding of food-­‐related issues and the community food centre model iii.
Serve as a policy advocacy tool iv.
Establish the need and inform the development of a Community Food Centre 1
Parker, J. (2014). Food For Thought II: A Call to Action, Event Report. Retrieved from http://www.simcoemuskokahealth.org/Libraries/HU_Library/ReportFFTIIFinal2013.sflb.ashx. 5 Source: Food For Thought II: A Call to Action, Event Report 1.3 Methodology – Data Collection and Consultation Process Description The South Georgian Bay CFC Committee met monthly exploring CFC models and programming. Based on group discussions the scope of the community food assessment was developed and objectives clarified. A review of the Planning literature including community food assessments completed by other municipalities contributed to the development of food system indicators and identification of interview questions. Environmental Scan A review of the literature including census information (agricultural, health profiles, demographic information, unemployment), municipal/county reports (strategic plans, official plans, studies), Health Unit data (cost of food and cost of living) and economic data informed the development of a community profile and provided data for the food system indicators selected. Key Informant Interviews Committee representatives interviewed food producers and distributors as well as service providers or community organizations. Interview questions were developed to determine: i.
What community food-­‐related programs or resources (assets) are being delivered in Wasaga Beach and the surrounding communities that support community food security and what some of the perceived gaps may exist. ii.
What are some of the barriers in Wasaga Beach and the surrounding communities that make it difficult to access fresh, local and healthy food. iii.
What types of food-­‐related initiatives would community agencies and producers or distributors in Wasaga Beach and the surrounding communities choose to participate or work in partnership with i.e. community food centre, community gardens, community kitchens. iv.
What actions could be taken in South Georgian Bay in collaboration with food producers to strengthen the local food system. In total 44 interviews were completed, this includes 9 producers or distributors and 35 community agencies. Reporting A community food assessment report was produced summarizing the information collected and the recommendations developed. Reports produced were submitted to the municipality and Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit. In addition, assessment findings were shared as part of the Wasaga Beach Healthy Community Network website as well as incorporated into community presentations. 6 1.4 Limitations The geographic scope of this community food assessment focused on the Town of Wasaga Beach. The Community Food Assessment Steering Committee however recognizes that the local food system and community services expand beyond the geographic town boundaries encompassing the surrounding region. As a result, key informant interviews included community agencies and producers outside of Wasaga Beach. A more extensive analysis of the region is however recommended and that the findings of this report be incorporated into a regional community food assessment. As a multi-­‐stakeholder group, representative of local community agencies, the committee was able to draw upon regional networks, community resources and findings from regional food forums/research which had previously been undertaken in the area. Participation in community held events further increased opportunities for community engagement. A recommendation of this report includes an ongoing community engagement piece, which would include dissemination of community food assessment findings. 1.5 Report Organization This report will begin by briefly outlining current definitions and dimensions of community food security and the interconnection between food access and the social determinants of health. The dimensions of community food security and the social determinants of health provide a community food assessment framework. This will be followed by an examination of local community demographics, community-­‐based food initiatives, general concepts developed based on interview data, food production and a synopsis of findings, including assessment recommendations or actions. 1.6 Importance of a Local and Sustainable Food System A food system perspective was taken in developing the scope of this community food assessment, considering food in relation to local production, processing, distribution, access & preparation, consumption and waste (Figure 1). Building a local and sustainable food system supports the local economy, builds a healthier, more vibrant community and in the process protects the environment. Achieving community food security, by which all community residents are able to obtain safe, culturally appropriate and a nutritionally adequate diet is dependent on a food system that is based on principles of ‘food dignity’ including consideration of how community food programs or initiatives may have unintended burdens on households most vulnerable to food 2
insecurity. 2 Calgary Poverty Reduction Initiative (2013). Food Dignity Constellation: Final Report. Retrieved from http://www.enoughforall.ca/wp-­‐
content/uploads/2013/04/Food-­‐Dignity-­‐Constellation-­‐report-­‐final.pdf 7 Figure 1: Community Food System Source: Adapted from fresh. Edmonton’s Food & U rban Agriculture Strategy 1.7 An Examination of Terminology There are a variety of different terms which have been adopted to describe the food environment. The following definitions were considered as part of this community food assessment. “A situation in which all community residents obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, Community Food Security nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system that maximizes 3
community self-­‐reliance and social justice” (p.37) Food Insecurity The inability to consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially 4
acceptable ways, or the uncertainty that one will be able to do so.” (p. 12) 3
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Hamm, M. & Bellows, A. (2003). Community food security and nutrition educators. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 35,37-­‐43. Dowler, E., Turner, S., & Dobson, B. (2001). Poverty bites: Food, health and poor families. London: Child Poverty Action Group. 8 Food Security “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food 5
preferences for an active and healthy life” p.1 Five Pillars of Food Security Availability Sustainably produced and distributed food is available for all people at all times Accessibility Food is affordable and physically accessible at all times and for all people Adequacy Access to food that is nutritious and safe Acceptability Access to culturally acceptable food and food that is distributed in ways which do not compromise people’s dignity, self-­‐respect and human rights. 67
Agency Policies and processes which support food security 1.8 Community Food Centres One of the core objectives of the community food assessment was to establish the need and inform the development of a Community Food Centre. To this end, the steering committee incorporated background information on Community Food Centres as part of the development of the community food assessment and data collection process (participant interviews, presentations). Drawing on resources developed by Community Food Centres Canada a Community Food Centre was described as a place where people can come together to 8
grow and prepare food, share ideas, learn and advocate for good food. As identified in Table 1, examples of programs offered by Community Food Centres in other communities were provided to inform discussions. Table 1: Examples of Community Food Centre Programs Community Food Centre Core Areas of Programming Food Skills Healthy Food Access Engagement & Education Community gardens Food banks Peer advocacy Community Kitchens Drop-­‐in meals Community action groups After-­‐school programs Farmers’ Markets Public education workshops & events Food systems education Bake ovens Large-­‐scale policy campaigns Perinatal nutrition Food distribution Source: Community Food Centres Canada, http://cfccanada.ca/ FAO (1996). Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W3613E/W3613E00.HTM. Koc, M., MacRae, R., Mougeot, L., & Welsh, J. (1999). Introduction: Food Security Is a Global Concern. In M. Koc, L. Mougeot, & J. Welsh (eds). For Hunger-­‐Proof Cities: Sustainable Urban Food Systems. International Development Research Centre: Ottawa. 7 Ryerson University Centre for Studies in Food Security (2015). The Five A’s of Food Security. Retrieved from http://www.ryerson.ca/foodsecurity/our-­‐approach.html 8 Community Food Centres Canada (2015). What is a Community Food Centre. Retrieved from http://cfccanada.ca/what_is_a_community_food_centre. 5
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9 1.9 Food and the Social Determinants of Health The social determinants of health describes the underlying factors or living conditions people experience that 9
are associated with individual health and wellbeing. Food access is not only considered as one of the determinants of health (Figure 2) it is associated with many of the other underlying conditions. The next section outlines some of the living conditions experienced by households in Wasaga Beach and the interrelationship with food access. Figure 2: A Model of the Determinants of Health Source: Dahlgren & Whitehead, 1991 2. Wasaga Beach Community Profile 2.1 Introduction Wasaga Beach stretches along the southern shoreline of Georgian Bay. It is recognized for its extensive freshwater beaches which run along the northern length of the town. The town is geographically divided by the Nottawasaga River and centrally located Wasaga Beach Provincial Park. The natural geographic features of the town have contributed to current development patterns creating a long, narrow stretch of residential development running along River Road. Similarly, commercial areas follow the main traffic corridors (River Rd and Mosely Rd). The geographic layout of the town has meant that there is not a central hub but instead areas with greater concentrations of retail and other services. As the town rapidly grows in population, proposed new development areas are beginning to extend away from the water (Figure 3). The community’s total land 10
area is 58.43km2 , which includes large stretches of parkland as well as seasonal and year round housing. Mikkonen, J., & Raphael, D. (2010). Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts. Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management. 10 Statistics Canada (2014). Geography Series, 2011. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-­‐recensement/2011/as-­‐sa/fogs-­‐
spg/Facts-­‐csd-­‐eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=3543064. 9
10 Wasaga Beach is one of the many communities that make up the Georgian Triangle (Collingwood, Stayner, Thornbury, Creemore). Given the close proximity of neighbouring communities Wasaga Beach residents travel between towns for services including health, retail, recreation, employment and school. The Town of Collingwood is the largest of the four communities by population and as a result has become the region’s commercial and service centre hub, which in addition to the financial, retail and manufacturing sector also includes the Collingwood General & Marine Hospital, Georgian College, local high schools and numerous community agencies. Figure 3: Wasaga Beach Active & Proposed Developments Source: Town of Wasaga Beach Planning Department, 2014 11 2.2 Population Growth & Demographics : A Growing Community and Aging Population Wasaga Beach has experienced significant population growth over the past twenty years, increasing from 11
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6,457 persons to 17,537 persons in 2011 . The population is expected to continue to grow, with the 13
projected 2031 population estimated to be 26,300 persons. The Town’s population size further increases over the summer months, as seasonal properties become 14
occupied. A Market Research on Wasaga Beach report prepared by John Winter Associates Ltd estimated that summer population increases by as much as 56% This has direct and indirect implications on the ‘food landscape’, including food access, influencing the availability of retail food depending on the season. Wasaga Beach has a growing older population (Figure 4). Almost half (46.6%) of the population is older than 55 years and 29.1% of the population is older than 65 years. In contrast, the national percentage for persons over the age of 65 years is 14.8%. It is anticipated that the number of persons over age 65 years will further increase 15
within the next 10 years as the community continues to attract retirees. An aging population influences the health and nutritional needs of a community. While post-­‐retirement incomes may vary, they are generally lower than working age income sources, limiting funds available for purchasing food. The inability to access healthy, local and nutritious food amongst seniors may also be the result of functional limitations reducing an individual’s ability to shop or prepare meals. In addition, 16
medications and dietary restrictions influence when and what can be eaten. Issues such as companionship, access to transportation, cooking skills and retail portion sizes further impact on food access for seniors. Statistics Canada, Census,1991 Statistics Canada, Census, 2011 13 Government of Ontario. (2009). Simcoe Area: A Strategic Vision for Growth. Retrieved from http://cprn.org/documents/50554_FR.pdf 14 John Winter Associates Ltd. (2008). Market Research on Wasaga Beach. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Document%20Library/FINAL%202008%20Commercial%20Needs%20Study.pdf 15 Town of Wasaga Beach (2013). Your Home, Your Future: Town of Wasaga Beach Housing Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Housing%20Documents/WB%20Housing%20Strategy%20Final%20Jan%2031%202013.pdf 16 Cook, B. (2008). Food Security Issues in a Public Health Context: Literature Review and Environmental Scan. National Collaborating Centre for the Determinants of Health. Retrieved from http://www.phabc.org/pdfcore/2008_FoodSecurity_LitRev.pdf 11
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12 Figure 4: Population by five-­‐year age groups and sex Source: Statistics Canada, 2014 2.3 Housing: Rising Housing Prices 2.3.1 Housing Costs The average household size in Wasaga Beach is 2.3 persons per household with the majority of residents living in single detached homes. Of the 7,570 households in Wasaga Beach, 91.7% were owned in 2011, this is 17
significantly higher than the Ontario homeownership rate of 71.4% . Wasaga Beach has an extremely low vacancy rate, providing little to no options for household. Table 2 describes shelter costs for households owning or renting their homes. While renters have greater financial insecurity, the percentage of households spending 30% or more of their household total income on shelter costs is also significant. Households forced to spend a greater proportion of their income on housing are more likely to have inadequate funds for other necessities including nutritious food, health care and clothing. These additional expenses are elastic, unlike housing costs which are fixed from month to month (McIntyre, 2003). 17
Statistics Canada, Census, 2011 13 Shelter Costs 2011 Total number of households 7,560 % Households spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter 25.0 costs % Households owned spending 30% or more household total income on 23.2 shelter costs % Households rented spending 30% or more of household total income on 45.2 shelter costs Average House Price $284,029 Average Monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings $984 Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings $1,052 Table 2: Wasaga Beach Shelter Costs, 2011 Source: Statistics Canada, National Household Survey, 2011 2.3.2 Social Housing There is one social housing apartment building in Wasaga Beach which includes 41 one bedroom apartments 18
rented on a ‘Rent Geared to Income’ (RGI) basis . This building is owned and managed by the County of Simcoe. There are no social housing buildings available for families with children and there is a significant waiting list for units in the County-­‐owned apartment building. To address issues of affordable housing, strategies have been developed by the Town of Wasaga Beach Your Home, Your Future: Town of Wasaga Beach Housing Strategy and at a county level, Housing Our Future: Our 19
Community 10-­‐year Affordable Housing and Homelessness Prevention Strategy. Given the relationship between food access and housing, the social housing sector is in a strong position to support community food programming including community gardens, community kitchens, good food box programs, mobile markets and temporary food stands. Incorporating food initiatives into social housing 20
strengthens household food access as well as benefiting social housing providers. Town of Wasaga Beach (2013). Your Home, Your Future: Town of Wasaga Beach Housing Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Housing%20Documents/WB%20Housing%20Strategy%20Final%20Jan%2031%202013.pdf 19 County of Simcoe (2014). Housing Our Future: Our Community 10-­‐year Affordable Housing and Homelessness Prevention Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.simcoe.ca/SocialHousing/Documents/AHHPS%20Full%20Strategy%20.pdf 20 Friendly, A. (2008). Towards Food Security Policy for Canada’s Social Housing Sector. CPRN Research Report. Retrieved from http://cprn.org/documents/50554_EN.pdf 18
14 2.4 Employment: Seasonal and Low-­‐Wage Based on the 2011, National Household Survey, the total labour force population in Wasaga Beach was 7,745 21
persons aged 15 years and over, an employment rate of 46.9% and unemployment rate of 7.7% . The top occupations in the Town, as identified in Table 3, are sales/service, trades, transport and equipment operators, business, finance and administration. Sales and service occupations tend to be lower paying jobs and with variable work hours. As a tourism based economy, employment conditions are also made more precarious, influenced by the seasonality of tourism. To meet the cost of living, individuals as a result are often forced to work multiple jobs and/or travel outside the region for employment. Table 3: Total Labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation Occupation Total % Management 775 10 Business, finance and administration 1,030 13.3 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 295 3.8 Health occupations 415 5.4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 930 12.0 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 170 2.2 Sales and service occupations 2,265 29.2 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 1,340 17.3 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 100 1.3 Occupation in manufacturing and utilities 320 4.1 Other 105 1.4 Total Labour Force 7,745 Source: Statistics Canada, National Household Survey, 2011 2.5 Income Distribution 22
Limited financial resources reduces access to nutritious food. There is no official measure of poverty in Canada however the Low Income Measure after-­‐tax (LIM -­‐ AT) and Low Income Cut-­‐Off after tax (LICO-­‐AT) are used in poverty research and analysis as a tool for considering trends and making comparisons between geographic areas. Statistics Canada, NHS Focus on Geography Series, Wasaga Beach, 2011 McIntyre, L. & Tarasuk, V. (2002). Food Security as a Determinant of Health. Retrieved from http://www.phac-­‐aspc.gc.ca/ph-­‐sp/oi-­‐
ar/pdf/08_food_e.pdf. 21
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15 The LIM-­‐At is determined as 50% of the median after-­‐tax household income and is adjusted for household size. Considering Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data, the lower a household’s income was in relation 23
to the LIM the greater the likelihood of severe food insecurity. This is evidenced by the fact that one-­‐third of households in Canada falling below the LIM-­‐At identified as food insecure which means that they were unable to consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food or encountered periods of uncertainty that they would be able to access food as a result of financial limitations. In Wasaga Beach, the percentage of the 24
population falling below the after-­‐tax low-­‐income measure (LIM-­‐AT) was 11.3%. The low income cut-­‐off (LICO) is measured by Statistics Canada, providing a measure of economic deprivation by identifying individuals or families which spend 20% more than average of their after tax income on food, shelter and clothing. Figure 5 identifies the areas across Wasaga Beach where there is a higher prevalence of low-­‐income households based on a LICO of $30, 487 gross income for a four-­‐person family. Figure 5: Wasaga Beach Low Income areas, 2011 Source: Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, GIS Maps, Esri Tarasuk, V., Mitchell, A., & Dachner, N. (2014). Household food insecurity in Canada, 2012. Toronto: Research to identify policy options to reduce food insecurity (PROOF). Retrieved from http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/wp-­‐
content/uploads/2014/05/Household_Food_Insecurity_in_Canada-­‐2012_ENG.pdf. 24 Statistics Canada, NHS Focus on Geography Series, Wasaga Beach, 2011 23
16 While middle-­‐income households are less likely to report having to reduce food quality or quantity as financial resources become more depleted or feelings of anxiety about not having enough food, sudden changes including loss of employment, illness, unexpected expenses or a family break-­‐up can contribute to episodes of food insecurity. These types of changes in circumstances are not always reflected in measures of annual income. In this way poverty rates do not reflect as direct of a correlation with food insecurity, namely the ability to consume an adequate quality or quantity of food or periods of uncertainty that enough food will be 25
available as a result of limited financial resources. 2.6 Social & Material Deprivation Index The social and material deprivation index considers different socio-­‐economic indicators, derived from the Canadian censuses to track social and health inequalities over time. Indicators include education, employment, 26
income, marital status, proportion of individuals living alone and proportion of single-­‐parent families. As displayed in Figure 6 there are concentrated areas of social and material deprivation in Wasaga Beach. Given that food insecurity is the result of a household’s inability to access food because of financial reasons, it is likely that these areas of the community are also more likely to experience circumstances of food insecurity. Figure 6: Social & Material Deprivation Index Source: Institute national de ante publique du Quebec, Statistics Canada, 2006 Cook, B. (2008). Food Security Issues in a Public Health Context: Literature Review and Environmental Scan. National Collaborating Centre for the Determinants of Health. Retrieved from http://www.phabc.org/pdfcore/2008_FoodSecurity_LitRev.pdf. 26 Pampalon, R., Gamache, P., & Hamel, D. (2011). The Quebec Index of Material and Social Deprivation: Methodological Follow-­‐Up, 1991 through 2006. Government of Quebec. Retrieved from http://www.inspq.qc.ca/pdf/publications/1258_QcIndexDeprivation1991-­‐2006.pdf. 25
17 2.7 Education Similar to education trends across Canada, in Wasaga Beach younger generations have completed higher levels of education relative to their older counterparts. In 2011, 42.5% of individuals aged 65 years and over had a 27
post-­‐secondary credential in contrast to 60.0% of adults aged 25-­‐44. 2.8 Transportation Wasaga Beach has a community bus system which follows Mosley Street connecting the two ends of the community. In addition, the Town of Wasaga Beach in partnership with the Town of Collingwood operates the Collingwood transit link, which connects Wasaga Beach and Collingwood. The Wasaga Beach Collingwood transit link operates as a continuous loop between the two communities. The Town has recently introduced a Youth Transit Pass available to youth that are residents in Wasaga Beach. The Youth Transit pass initiative was a result of a collaboration of community partners including the Town of Wasaga Beach, United Way Greater Simcoe County and the South Georgian Bay Community Health Centre. Implementation of the Youth Transit Pass has enabled youth to become more actively involved in the community. Wasaga Beach has pursued numerous opportunities for enhancing active transportation. The Active Transportation Plan and Active Transportation Wayfinding Master Plan serve as long-­‐term strategy documents, supporting the expansion and development of the Town’s pedestrian and cycling system. Figure 7: Town of Wasaga Beach Transit System Source: Town of Wasaga Beach 27
Statistics Canada, National Household Survey, 2011 18 2.9 Economy As described by the South Georgian Bay Regional Economic Development Strategic Plan a location quotient analysis is a comparison between regional and provincial employment figures. Represented as a ratio, a location quotient is understood in relation to 28
values greater, equal or less than 1.0. Location Description Quotient Regional employment equal to provincial 1.0 employment Regional employment heavily concentrated, industry area is contributing to the local economy producing more goods/services than required >1.0 bringing in dollars from outside of the region Regional employment in industry less concentrated <1.0 Figure 8: Location Quotient South Georgian Bay Source: South Georgian Bay Regional Economic Development Strategic Plan 3. Food Access 3.1 Nutritious Food Basket Between 2007 and 2012, across Canada there has been a general increase in food prices affecting the majority of food items. At the same time Canadian households are allocating a smaller proportion of funds towards food 29
costs. In Canada, food prices have increased faster than any other component of the Consumer Price Index (Figure 9). 28 Matthew Fischer & Associates Inc. and Mellor Murray Consulting. (2011). South Georgina Bay Regional Economic Development Strategic Plan. Retrieved from http://www.thebluemountains.ca/public_docs/projects/Collingwood%20Report%20-­‐%20Final%20Version%20-­‐
%20June%2010.pdf 29 Rollin, A.M. (2013). The Increase in Food Prices Between 2007 and 2012. Catalogue no.11-­‐626-­‐X-­‐No. 027. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-­‐626-­‐x/11-­‐626-­‐x2013027-­‐eng.pdf 19 Figure 9: Changes in components of the Canadian Consumer Price Index, seasonally adjusted, January 2007 to December 2012 Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 11-­‐626-­‐X-­‐No.027 The Nutritious Food Basket (NFB) surveys grocery stores within a region and prices the same 67 food items at each store in order to calculate the cost of basic healthy eating. Food items are based on Canada’s Food Guide and are chosen based on budget-­‐wise Ontario shoppers. Table 4 describes changes in Simcoe and Muskoka as well as similar mainly rural public health units. Table 4: Weekly Cost ($) of Nutritious Food Basket for a Family of Four* Public Health Unit 2010 2011 2012 Simcoe Muskoka District 160 172 183 Huron County 172 182 184 Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District 168 170 179 Grey Bruce 167 175 173 2013 181 198 187 179 2014 191 -­‐ 190 181 *family of four = a man and a woman, each 31 to 50 years old, a girl 4-­‐8 years old and a boy 14-­‐18 years old. Source: Nutrition Facts: The Cost of Nutritious Food Basket in London & Middlesex County, 2010; Ministry of Health and Long-­‐Term Care, Health Unit Profiles, 2012; The Real Cost of Eating Well in Huron County, 2012, 2013, Summary of Nutirious Food Basket 2013: Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District; Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit Cost of Healthy Eating 2014; Nutritious Food Basket Survey, Public Health Grey Bruce Unit, 2012, 2013, 2014 In May of 2013 the weekly nutritious food basket cost for a family of four living in Simcoe Muskoka was $181.41, an increase of $21.02 when compared with May of 2010 ($160.39). Over a one year period this is equivalent to $1,093.04. Given the geographic area covered by Simcoe and Muskoka an examination of food 20 costs focusing on Wasaga Beach and/or South Georgian Bay would provide a stronger picture of what is happening locally. Table 5: Income/Expense Scenarios, Low-­‐Income Households Simcoe , 2014 Source: Simcoe Muskoka, HealthStats, 2015 As is the case in communities across Canada, the source of household income is strongly related to food insecurity. A growing population of food insecure households in Canada are however the working poor. In 2012 the majority (62.2%) of food insecure households in Canada were households whose main source of income 30
was from wages and salaries. Tarasuk, V., Mitchell, A., & Dachner, N. (2014). Household food insecurity in Canada, 2012. Toronto: Research to identify policy options to reduce food insecurity (PROOF). Retrieved from http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/wp-­‐
content/uploads/2014/05/Household_Food_Insecurity_in_Canada-­‐2012_ENG.pdf 30
21 3.2 Health A nutritious diet is strongly associated with individual health and wellbeing. Food insufficient households are more likely to report poorer general health, mental health and suffer from multiple chronic conditions.31 Food access is complex and just as it can contribute to under-­‐nutrition and hunger it paradoxically has been associated with increased consumption of energy dense food and in turn greater risk of being overweight and/or obese.32 Table 6 describes different measures of health in Simcoe and Muskoka some of which are directly or indirectly related to food consumption. Table 6: Statistics Canada, Health Profile Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit Simcoe Muskoka Health Condition District Health Unit Canada Perceived health, very good or excellent (%) 61.0 59.9 Perceived mental health, very good or excellent (%) 72.8 72.2 Overweight or obese (%) 59.0 52.3 Overweight (%) 36.9 34.0 Obese (%) 22.1 18.3 Diabetes (%) 5.9 6.3 High blood pressure (%) 18.4 17.5 Low birth weight (% of live births) 5.6 6.0 Fruit and vegetable consumption, 5 times or more per 39.4 40.5 day (%) Sense of community belonging (%) 67.6 65.4 Life satisfaction, satisfied or very satisfied (%) 91.8 92.3 Source: Statistics Canada, Health Profile, Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, 2013 3.3 Measuring Food Insecurity Based on the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) in 2011-­‐2012, almost 1 in 10 households in Simcoe Muskoka were either moderately or severely food insecure. Most vulnerable are lone parent families, where the percent of household increases to 25%. As demonstrated in Figure 10, households who fall within the 33
bottom 20% of income earnings are more likely to report indicators of moderate or severe food insecurity. 31 McIntyre, L. & Tarasuk, V. (2002). Food Security as a Determinant of Health. Retrieved from http://www.phac-­‐aspc.gc.ca/ph-­‐sp/oi-­‐
ar/pdf/08_food_e.pdf. 32 Tanumihardjo, S., Anderson, C., Kaufer-­‐Horwitz, M., Bode, L, Emenaker, N., Haqq, A., Satia, J., Silver, H., & Stadler, D. (2007). Poverty, Obesity, and Malnutrition: An International Perspective Recognizing the Paradox. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(11), 1966-­‐1972. 33 Simcoe Muskoka Health Stats (2014). Food Security. Retrieved from http://www.simcoemuskokahealthstats.org/topics/determinants-­‐of-­‐
health/socioeconomic-­‐characteristics/food-­‐security. 22 Source: freepik.com Figure 10: Simcoe Muskoka Households Experiencing Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity by Level of Income, 2011/2012 Source: Simcoe Muskoka Health Stats, 2014 3.4 Municipal Policy and Food The policies and programs developed by municipal departments serve as the foundation for residents and organization to work collectively towards building healthier communities. A food systems approach considers how food is embedded across municipal policies. Municipal connections to food access include areas such as: Municipal Food Supportive Policies Policy Area Transportation Background Information Transportation networks including public transit and active transportation systems support access to healthy retail food vendors (supermarkets, farmers’ markets, community 34
markets) Wasaga Beach Policy Context Active Transportation Plan – guiding document to support Wasaga Beach pedestrian and cycling system, Active Transportation Wayfinding Master Plan – proposed signage system to support cyclists and pedestrians. Wasaga Beach Transportation Study Hike & Bike Wasaga Beach – An Active Community – trails maps Wasaga Beach Transit and Collingwood Connection Official Plan – Section 16 – Transportation – Objectives 16.1.1 To facilitate the safe and efficient movement of people and goods within the Town and to and from adjacent Municipalities 16.1.2 To promote public transit, cycling and walking as energy efficient, affordable, accessible and health forms of travel 16.3 Active Transportation – definition of active transportation and commitment to the implementation of active transportation opportunities and promotion of an active, healthy, fulfilling lifestyle for all ages and abilities. Identifies the Active Transportation Plan and the states the objectives identified within the plan. 34 Treuhaft, S., & Karpyn, A. (2010). The Grocery Gap: Who Has Access to Healthy Food and Why it Matters. Retrieved from http://thefoodtrust.org/uploads/media_items/grocerygap.original.pdf 23 Policy Area Official Plan & Bylaws Background Information Food supportive planning, regulations and by-­‐laws are critical in building a local, sustainable, food system enabling community food programs such as urban agriculture/community gardens, mobile markets, farm stand and/or farmers’ markets and local food procurement and farm-­‐to-­‐
35
table programs Wasaga Beach Policy Context While there are limited direct references to healthy eating and food access in the Town’s bylaws & regulations, the 36
importance of health and wellbeing is embedded in the Town’s overarching Mission and Vision Statements. Mission Statement Council is committed to supporting the development of a sustainable and inclusive community in a managed fashion that understands the link between health, well-­‐being and the environment while enabling everyone to enjoy our unique geography and quality of life. Vision Statement Wasaga Beach is a thriving full-­‐service community, respectful of its history and culture, offering a variety of residential, educational and commercial choices in neighbourhoods developed in harmony with the environment that provides its residents, businesses and visitors with a full range of services while promoting a healthy lifestyle, high community standards, business success and harmonious 37
relationships. Community Gardens • The Town of Wasaga Beach Official Plan permits community gardens within all areas designated as ‘open space’. • Wasaga Beach’s Parks and Facilities Master Plan (Section 7.2) recommends exploring opportunities for converting 38
small parks into community gardens. Backyard Chickens 5.0 Prohibited Animals 5.1 No person shall keep, possess or harbor a Prohibited Animal, as defined in Section 2.14 of this By-­‐Law, on any land within the Town of Wasaga Beach. 5.2 Nothwithstanding Section 5.1, the prohibition shall not apply to: 5.2.4 A bona fide farming operation for the keeping of any cattle, horse, goat, sheep, swine or chickens as permitted under the Town of Wasaga Beach Zoning By-­‐Law. Zoning By-­‐laws 26.8 Agricultural Produce Sales Outlet Shall mean a premises accessary to a farm, used for the retail sale of agricultural products produced on the farm where such outlet is located and that may be supplemented by local agricultural products 26.9 Agricultural Use Shall mean the use of land, buildings, or structures for the purpose of beekeeping, dairying, fallow, field crops, forestry, fruit farming, horticulture, market gardening, pasturage, raising of livestock, or ay other farming use, but excludes intensive agricultural uses 26.10 Agricultural Use, Intensive Shall mean land on which the predominant use is for the commercial raising of chickens, turkeys, or other fowl, fur bearing animals, hogs, or the growing of mushrooms or land used as an animal feed lot, managed to maximize production and output in a confined area. 35 MacRae, R., & Donahue, K. (2013). Municipal Food Policy Entrepreneurs: A preliminary analysis of how Canadian cities and regional districts are involved in food system change. Retrieved from http://tfpc.to/wordpress/wp-­‐content/uploads/2013/05/Report-­‐May30-­‐
FINAL.pdf 36 Ainley, N. (2014) Healthy Eating and Food Related Policy Grant Draft Report Submission. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Shared%20Documents/11-­‐19-­‐2014-­‐Development-­‐Committee-­‐Agenda.pdf 37 Town of Wasaga Beach (2015). Mission Statement and Vision Statement. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/town-­‐
hall/council/mission-­‐vision-­‐statements. 38 Town of Wasaga Beach (2012). Wasaga Beach Parks, Facilities and Recreation Master Plan. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Studies/Wasaga%20Beach%20Parks%20Facilities%20and%20Recreation%20Final.pdf 24 Policy Area Official Plan & Bylaws (con’t) Background Information Wasaga Beach Policy Context Zoning By-­‐Laws (con’t) Section 22 – Open Space (OS) 22.2.2 Non-­‐residential uses: a) agriculture b) forestry use, conservation use and wildlife sanctuary Section 24 – Rural (RU) Zone 24.2.2 Non-­‐residential uses: a) agricultural or forestry use but does not include intensive agricultural use b) agricultural produce sales outlet Section 25 – Development (D) Zone 25.2.2 Non-­‐residential uses a) agricultural produce sales outlet b) agricultural use but not including an agricultural use involving livestock c) conservation use and wildlife sanctuary including a forestry use Healthy Community Network Wasaga Beach The Healthy Community Network serves as an advisory committee to Council on matters relating to active and healthy living and the natural, physical, social and economic environment. The committee includes representatives from the 39
community, youth, Council and local agencies. Simcoe County Food & Agriculture Charter – Endorsed by Wasaga Beach Town Council in 2013 Opportunities (Official Plan & Bylaws) Official Plan Endorsement and promotion of community food programs such as community gardens, urban agriculture, farmers’ markets/farm stands, edible landscapes. By-­‐laws • Information Bulletin/Sheet identifying for residents the interrelationship between municipal by-­‐laws and food. • Create permanent protection of agricultural land areas. Community Gardens • Include community gardens as part of the requirements for new developments or provide incentives for developers or private land owners to provide land for community gardens • Permit community gardens in all land use zones • Develop an inventory of potentially available areas in the Town for community gardens • Explore opportunities for encouraging private business and/or landowners to provide space for community gardens • Develop targets for increasing number of community garden sites • Develop a community garden strategy • Secure access to water and compost facilities • Develop community garden start-­‐up funds • Incorporate community gardens into urban design and open space area 39 Healthy Community Network Wasaga Beach (2006). Healthy Community Network Wasaga Beach Terms of Reference. Retrieved from http://www.healthycommunitynetwork.ca/ 25 Backyard Chickens • Review and update animal control and zoning by-­‐laws for keeping of backyard chickens Farmers’ Markets/Food Stands/Mobile Vendors • By-­‐law permitting temporary farmers’ markets/farm stands in all land use zones. • Locate temporary farm stands/mobile vendors in underserved areas • Develop market policies which support local producers. • Engage community volunteers to assist with stalls set-­‐up/take down • Identify areas available for an indoor market • Create local advertising campaign and promotional support • Distribute market vouchers for low-­‐income communities • Develop permits and bylaws supporting temporary fresh food sales in all zones Permitting Farmers’ Markets or Food Stands in only commercial zones excludes community centres and other high community traffic volume areas such as residential zones or school zones Housing Price Monitoring Economic Development Market Gardens • By-­‐law permitting residential or urban gardens, growing and harvesting vegetables, fruits, flowers and other horticultural products for the purpose of sale • Business licensing type for farm stands or market gardens Changes to broader social policies such as the development of an Affordable housing 40
strategy address the underlying determinants Your Home, Your Future: Town of Wasaga Beach Housing Strategy. of poverty and in turn, food insecurity. Provides a tool for monitoring prices and demonstrating the limitations of different Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit measures the cost of food across Simcoe and Muskoka – Nutritious income levels in purchasing healthy food Food Basket (Section 3.1). Data is unavailable for the cost of a nutritious food basket in Wasaga Beach or supporting poverty reduction strategies and the cost of a ‘local’ nutritious food basket. 41
advocacy. Supports small food businesses through The South Georgian Bay Economic Strategic Development Plan includes food as part of the identified marketing assistance and/or financing, strategic objectives highlighting the importance of product development in agricultural areas, contributing to the development of ‘food hubs’ establishing a business retention and expansion program focusing on agriculture and collaborating with and introducing food employment training OMAFRA to develop a ‘Regional First Impressions’ 42
programs. Developing municipal economic Simcoe County Farm Fresh acts as a marketing association for the local food system across Simcoe development partnerships will serve to increase County. scale and strengthen the viability of local 43
Food Partners Alliance supports the implementation of the Simcoe County Food & Agriculture Charter processing/distribution initiatives. which includes Economic Development. 40 Tarasuk, V. (2001). A Critical Examination of Community-­‐Based Response to Household Food Insecurity in Canada. Health Education & Behavior, 28(4), 487-­‐499. 41 Dowler, E., & O’Connor, D. (2011). Rights-­‐based approaches to addressing food poverty and food insecurity in Ireland and UK. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 44-­‐51. 42 MacRae, R., & Donahue, K. (2013). Municipal Food Policy Entrepreneurs: A preliminary analysis of how Canadian cities and regional districts are involved in food system change. Retrieved from http://tfpc.to/wordpress/wp-­‐content/uploads/2013/05/Report-­‐May30-­‐
FINAL.pdf 43 Deloitte (2013). Best practices in local food: A guide for municipalities. The Ontario Municipal Knowledge Network. Retrieved from http://www.roma.on.ca/ROMA-­‐Docs/Reports/2013BestPracticesinLocalFoodAGuideforMunicipalitie.aspx 26 Healthy Retail in Public Buildings Food Education Restricts the sale of unhealthy foods or beverages in schools, recreation facilities and government buildings. Importance of food skills and literacy programs, facilitating healthy cooking demonstrations and supporting school nutrition programs addressing socio-­‐cultural 44
attitudes associated with food. Schools -­‐ Ontario Ministry of Education Policy/Program Memo No. 150, October 4, 2010 – Ontario school boards are required to adopt healthy food policies by Sept 1, 2011, which include the purchasing of Ontario food and beverages where possible. Other community spaces – Wasaga Beach Multiplex, Hockey Arena, Park Areas, Youth Centre, Library, Municipal Buildings See Community Food Programs and Findings Section. 3.5 Food Producers and Processors We are fortunate to live in an area rich in agriculture. Appendix B lists the different local food producers and processors in South Georgian Bay. Farmland is the most important resource for sustaining local food. Soils are classified using seven classifications, soils between Class 1 through 4 are capable of supporting crop production with Class 1 being 45
the most productive soil and Class 4 still capable of producing food, fiber and fuel but is less productive . Appendix C includes a broad description of the soil classifications in Simcoe County, including The Town of Wasaga Beach. Agricultural land policy occurs at the Provincial, County and Municipal level. At the Provincial level the 46
47
Provincial Policy Statement and Places to Grow: Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe identifies criteria, which must be met in order for expansion of settlement areas and aims to protect prime agriculture 48
land. The Official Plan of the County of Simcoe provides a policy context for land use and development. While this plan is to be used in connection with municipal plans there is again an emphasis on the protection of prime agricultural areas. 44 Pearson, T., Russell, J., Campbell, M., & Barker, M. (2005). Do ‘food deserts’ influence fruit and vegetable consumption? – cross-­‐sectional study. Appetitie, 45, 195-­‐197 45 Davis, Larry (2014). Vibrant agri-­‐food sector hinges on farmland preservation. Simcoe County Federation of Agriculture. Retrieved from http://www.ofa.on.ca/about/county-­‐federation-­‐sites/simcoe/news/vibrant-­‐agri-­‐food-­‐sector-­‐hinges-­‐on-­‐farmland-­‐preservation 46 Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (2005). Provincial Policy Statement, 2005. Retrieved from http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page1485.aspx. 47 Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (2006). Places to Grow. Better Choices. Brighter Future. Retrieved from https://www.placestogrow.ca/index.php. 48 County of Simcoe (2008). Official Plan of the County of Simcoe. Retrieved from http://www.simcoe.ca/Planning/Documents/Official%20Plan%20County%20of%20Simcoe.pdf. 27 Prime agricultural areas identified by the Agricultural Designation on Schedule 5.1 will be protected for agriculture and compatible uses. Permitted uses are agricultural uses, agriculture-­‐related uses, such as processing of agricultural products, secondary uses, natural heritage conservation and forestry, mineral aggregate operations subject to Section 4.4, and agricultural produce sales outlets generally marketing 49
production from the local area. (Policy 3.6.4, p. 43, Official Plan of the County of Simcoe, 2008) The importance of agricultural land preservation is further acknowledged in the Official Plan of the Town of 50
Wasaga Beach which considers community development in relation to agriculture, Section 14.1 – Rural Objectives 14.1.1 To maintain the rural area of the Town consistent with the preservation of its natural amenity and agricultural function 14.1.2 To promote conditions which encourage the efficient operation and economic viability of agricultural operation within the Town 14.1.5 To promote education and resources regarding the impact of runoff onto both land and in waterways and alternatives with due regard for applicable protection plans and best management practices. 14.2 Land Uses 14.2.1 The rural classification shall mean that the predominant use of the land shall be for agricultural uses, including such uses that are ancillary to agricultural production, and which serve the needs of the local rural population. Rural classification shall mean that the predominant use of the land shall be for agricultural uses. (Section 14, p. 118, Official Plan of the Town of Wasaga Beach, 2013) Policies identified in association of rural designation restrict urban residential development, rural estate-­‐type subdivision development, commercial pits and expansion of mobile home parks/campgrounds (Town of Wasaga Beach, 2013). Appendix D identifies areas zoned ‘rural’ as described in the Official Plan of the Town of Wasaga Beach, Schedule A. 4. Community Food Programs 4.1 Food Banks and Local Churches Food banks provide a source of emergency food relief, a stop measure gap when basic expenses (housing and utilities) become greater than income. Established in 2006, the Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank provides temporary food assistance to people requiring immediate food assistance as well as a Christmas hamper program. The food bank is operated by a dedicated group of volunteers and organized by a core group of local churches. Food is made available through direct food donations or financial contributions. Some fresh food County of Simcoe (2008). Official Plan of the County of Simcoe. Retrieved from http://www.simcoe.ca/Planning/Documents/Official%20Plan%20County%20of%20Simcoe.pdf 50 Town of Wasaga Beach (2013). Official Plan of the Town of Wasaga Beach. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Document%20Library/OP%20Consolidation%20Text%20September%206%202013.pdf 49
28 Wasaga Beach Food Bank Source: Wasagalife.com items are distributed depending on availability including items from the Good Food Box and Wasaga Beach community garden, storage facilities for fresh food items are however limited. The food bank is open twice a week and requires households seeking assistance to provide proof of residency, income and birth certificates for families with children or dependents. Table 7 presents the quantities of food distributed and household composition participating in the Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank program. Table 7: Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank, Food Distributed, 2013, 2014 Month 2013 2014 No. of Total No. of Total Families Singles boxes* served boxes* served Jan 239 524 306 659 152 154 Feb 244 518 259 516 120 367 Mar 243 518 264 525 138 126 Apr 223 505 278 596 148 130 May 229 504 234 478 112 122 June 215 460 225 467 110 115 July 192 407 224 453 117 107 August 241 512 206 396 96 110 Sept 233 501 262 495 119 143 Oct 279 588 304 593 144 160 Adults Children 458 149 366 416 342 326 331 282 369 426 201 516 159 180 136 141 122 114 126 167 *Each box is equivalent to three days worth of food Source: Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank, 2014 As of October, 2014 there were a total of 1295 people registered with the Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank. As described in Table 8, there are a significant number of families with children who access the food bank for emergency food. This highlights the importance of developing youth focused programing Table 8: Participants Using the Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank October 2014 No. of participants Percent (%) Total persons 1295 Males 468 36% Females 449 35% Children 378 29% Total Families* Single mothers Single Fathers 29 318 73 14 23% 4% Families with children under 18yrs Single males Single females 191 208 125 60% *Families are considered two or more people sharing accommodation Source: Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank, 2014 In addition to the Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank, emergency food access programs are also delivered by other food banks in the area, as identified in Table 9. Table 9: Food Banks located in Wasaga Beach and Surrounding Communities Food Bank Area Served Availability Additional Information Salvation Army Blue Mountains, 1 full day and Small community kitchen program Collingwood Food Bank Clearview, 2 mornings per Participants must provide proof of residency, 162 Ste. Marie St. Collingwood, week or by SIN, birth certificates and one piece of Collingwood Wasaga Beach appointment identification Stayner Ministerial Stayner 2 afternoons per Participants must provide proof of residency, Association week proof of income and expenses, SIN, birth Clearview Stayner Food certificates Bank 7271 Hwy 26, Stayner Collingwood St. Vincent Collingwood, 2 one hour time Participants must call on Food Bank days to de Paul Clearview, Blue periods inform of attendance. St Mary’s Church Mountains 63 Elgin St, Collingwood Wasaga Beach St Vincent Wasaga Beach, 2 time periods per Food/financial resources are donated by the de Paul Stayner week by parish for the Food Bank 133 Dunkerron Ave. appointment only Provide food items and clothing when available. Wasaga Beach Hampers are also distributed at Christmas time by each food bank and include Christmas dinner, fresh produce, bread, margarine and other breakfast foods. Local churches in the area play a significant role in the organization and delivery of each of the different food bank programs as well a supporting food access in a variety of different capacities. In Collingwood a group of churches work together to provide weekly community meals (Appendix E – Hot Meal Schedule). Church volunteers work with both the Collingwood and Wasaga Beach Youth Centres providing hot meal programs for youth. Church kitchens in Collingwood provide cooking facilities for small community kitchen groups as well as community agency programming. The Good Food Box accesses Church space for packing food boxes and as a distribution point. In Clearview, the community garden utilizes the land of a local church. As a community support system local churches refer households to community programs and connect families/individuals with programs such as the Good Food Box. Households at points of crisis often connect with churches when other 30 options have been exhausted. To serve this need Churches often have small food pantries or food vouchers. Collectively, Churches play a fundamental role in supporting community food programs. 4.2 School Nutrition Programs, Youth Outreach Programs and Food Skills 4.2.1 Eat Well to Excel Across Simcoe County the Eat Well to Excel program works with schools supporting volunteer based school nutrition programs. The program is organized across the county by two co-­‐ordinators. Recently a food and logistics coordinator position has been introduced to support strengthening local food procurement. There are two public elementary schools in Wasaga Beach, Worsley Elementary School and Birchview Dunes Elementary School and one catholic elementary school, St Noel Chabanel School. All three schools participate in the Eat Well to Excel program providing a breakfast program and morning meal which include food items from three different food groups. The Good Food Box program is also available to families at each of these schools. Worsley Elementary School Parent Advisory Committee has incorporated food system awareness initiatives into 2014/15 activities including a community food event and food focused movie night. Wasaga Beach secondary school students travel to Collingwood, Stayner and Elmvale. The Simcoe County School Board (SCDSB) has made significant investments in Secondary School food programming options including a new teaching kitchen at Collingwood Collegiate Institute and a school greenhouse at Stayner Collegiate Institute. Accompanying courses focus on food production, culinary skills and food business. These programs will support a school café and enable participation at the local Farmers’ market. At Jean Vanier Catholic High School, six tower gardens, a vertical hydroponic growing systemwill be used to grow vegetables and herbs in doors. The tower gardens will provide students in Environmental Science courses and Toursim and Hospitality programs hands on learning opportunities. Produce grown will be used for a smoothie bar with funds raised returned back to the program. CCI and Jean Vanier students also work in partnership with Free Spirit Gardens at the Collingwood Community Garden (Cook Garden), using the community garden, which is located between the two high schools as a learning environment. The closest SCDSB Adult Learning Centre is located in Collingwood. The centre provides a breakfast program for students, in addition, incorporated into the single parent program are lunches twice a week and the centre is beginning a ‘make and take’ food initiative. Food is woven into school programming and activities as much as possible. 4.2.2 Community Youth Centres The Wasaga Beach Youth Centre is a free drop-­‐in initiative for youth in grades 7-­‐12. Food is incorporated into a variety of different programs offered including cooking classes, cooking without a recipe and homemade meals (Grandma’s Kitchen, Prince of Peace Dinner). The centre partners with three local churches. Similarly, the Collingwood Youth Centre, The Door, provides programming for youth including some food focus activities such as a weekly hot meal dinner delivered in collaboration with a local church. 31 Source: Eat Well to Excel Simcoe County Nutrition Program for School Aged Children Collingwood Community Garden Source: On The Bay Magazine Wasaga Beach Youth Centre Source: Wasaga Beach Youth Centre 4.2.3 Free Spirit Gardens Free Spirit Gardens works throughout South Georgian Bay supporting community food initiatives including school workshops, community gardens, public workshops/events, composting and developing organic vegetable gardens. In this way, Free Spirit Gardens has been active in building community awareness. To support these initiatives communication tools such as newsletters, facebook and a webpage are employed. As a non-­‐profit, fundraising supports its programming. 4.2.4 Community Agencies YMCA programing and daycare supports food access and nutrition through the provision of healthy snack options and incorporation of healthy eating into fit camp programs. The YMCA also has plots at the community garden which it uses to support programming. In addition, food harvested from these plots assist YMCA households and/or the food bank. Breaking Down Barriers incorporates food skills and nutrition into general programming including grocery store trips, low cost healthy food ideas (basic food preparation), recipe sharing, coupon cutting (how to budget and purchase healthy foods), smoothie making and an off-­‐site cooking class at a nearby cooking school. Efforts are made to support food and nutrition given participant needs, however, physical space, limited equipment and financial restrictions reduce how much can be done. Similarly, agencies such as the Housing Resource Centre, Home Horizon and Tracks Employment refer clients to emergency food services such as the food bank and in some instances make available food vouchers. Households are also connected to the Good Food Box program. The Wasaga Beach Superstore runs cooking classes for a broad spectrum of ages throughout the year. Classes operate at a cost. There is also an in store dietitian and grocery store tours can be organized. Mothercare delivers food programming to new mothers or expecting mothers, including meal preparation, fresh fruits and vegetables, container gardening and food vouchers. To enable the meal preparation or food skills component of the program, the kitchens in local churches are utilized and the program maintains a community garden plot which mothers and young children access. As a community health centre SGBCHC offers group programming and individualized care for residents in Wasaga Beach and the surrounding area. Staff at the SGBCHC include a Diabetes nurse educator and registered dietitian. Food skills and knowledge sharing around food or food related issues are delivered through Diabetes/Prediabetes programs, Hypertension or Lower Blood Pressure workshops (dietary strategies) and Mothercare (milk vouchers, prenatal vitamins, nutritious food, information). The SGBCHC has been actively involved in the development and maintenance of the Wasaga Beach Community Garden, incorporating garden plots into core programming. In addition, the Georgian Good Food Box program has partnered with the SGBCHC. Similar to the SGBCHC the GBFHT offers group and individualized programming incorporating food and nutrition into workshops and individual sessions. The GBFHT includes a registered dietitian who works with 32 Free Spirit Gardens Source: gardenontario Wasaga Beach Community Garden Plots Source: Environment Network SGBCHC Get the Skinny on Fats & Cholesterol Source: SGBCHC other care providers offering nutritional counseling and programs focusing on diabetes/pre-­‐diabetes, hypertension and healthy eating. Organizations do as much as they can with the facilities they have to support food skill development and access to fresh, nutritious food. Equipment and space however limit the extent to which these programs can be delivered. A community space with a large cooking facility and learning area would support youth and school programming a currently recognized gap in local food infrastructure. 4.3 Community Meal Services Community meal programs provide immediate food assistance to residents either as a free service or at a nominal cost. A community meal program does not currently operate in Wasaga Beach. In Collingwood, several churches work collectively to offer free weekly evening meals. Additionally, there is a weekly lunch program, SOUPer Tuesdays, at the Erie Street Community Church. Volunteers make the soup served using ingredients from the Good Food Box and donations from neighbours and community members. Both public and private programs operate in Wasaga Beach to provide direct meal or food delivery services. Meals-­‐on-­‐Wheels is operated by the Red Cross and provides Wasaga Beach residents who qualify for the program with hot meals twice a week. Some of the larger grocery stores also provide home delivery services and there are private businesses which operate frozen meal delivery or general delivery services at a cost. SOUPer Tuesdays Collingwood Source: Enterprise Bulletin 4.4 Community Gardens Community Gardens provide access to land for food production strengthening access to fruits and vegetables. Gardens contribute to community revitalization, raising awareness of food-­‐related issues, promoting social inclusion and community interaction, supporting sustainable food practices, providing opportunities for 51
growing culturally appropriate foods, encouraging physical activity and nurturing social advocacy Established in 2012, the Town of Wasaga Beach Community Garden has developed into a vibrant, community space, strengthening access to fresh local food, providing opportunities for physical activity and creating a place where individuals and families can come together and share skills. The Community Garden project was a collaborative initiative involving the SMDHU, Wasaga Beach Parks & Recreation Department, South Georgian Bay Community Health Centre, Wasaga Beach Healthy Community Network and local residents. The community garden was initiated as a two-­‐year pilot project. It is now part of the Town of Wasaga Beach Parks, Facilities and Recreation programs. Wasaga Beach Community Garden Source: The Town of Wasaga Beach 51
Kortright, R. & Wakefield, S. (2011). Edible backyards: a qualitative study of household food growing and its contributions to food security. Agriculture Human Values, 28, 39-­‐53. 33 There are 54 individual plots available to community residents and organizations. In addition, there are 8 YMCA/South Georgian Bay Community Health Centre/Town plots which are used to support food programming, youth engagement and the Wasaga Beach Ministerial Food Bank. In connection with the SGBCHC, CAPC uses a community garden plot as part of core programming building food skills in the garden and at a local community church kitchen. There is currently a waiting list for the 2015 planting season. Incorporated into the community garden initiative have been a variety of skill building opportunities including seed saving and canning/preserving, Opportunities •
Creating backyard sharing programs •
Incorporating community gardens into social housing programs addressing the inter-­‐relationship between food and housing needs •
Introducing edible landscaping initiatives and developing community gardens into other locations across the community 4.5 Community Kitchens/Collective Kitchens Community kitchens provide opportunities for small groups of people to meet regularly and prepare meals together either for immediate consumption or with the option to take home prepared meals. They can be delivered as free programs or include a cost for participants whereby resources are pooled enabling bulk buying and, in this way, help to reduce meal costs. Programs provide an opportunity to build food skills, share 52
food knowledge, strengthen access to nutritious foods and support social connectedness Two separate collective kitchens focusing on senior women take place in Collingwood. The groups meet monthly at a local church (Erie Street Community Church, Heritage Community Church Collingwood). Group meals are prepared using the Good Food Box. Meals and Good Food Box contents are shared amongst participants with any additional food shared with the church who will then distribute to households in the surrounding community. The groups support food access, strengthen food skills and build social connectedness. Until recently a Good Food Box cooking group also met monthly exploring different recipes that could be cooked using the Good Food Box. Groups identified are kept at a small size in order to meet the size of the kitchens (church facilities) available, target older community members and are located in Collingwood. Opportunities •
Community Kitchens may be expanded into social enterprise initiatives whereby food prepared is sold at a market •
‘Employability skills’ could be incorporated into programs such as food handler certification and/or 53
catering skills 52
Engler-­‐Stringer, R., & Berenbaum, S. (2005). Collective kitchens in Canada: A review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 66(4), 246-­‐251. 53
Fridman, J., & Lenter, L., (2013). Kitchen as food hub: adaptive food systems governance in the City of Toronto. Local Environment, 18(5), 543-­‐556 34 FoodShare – Learn to Cook from Scratch Workshop Source: FoodShare Toronto 4.6 Georgian Good Food Box Established in 2004, the Georgian Good Food Box (GGFB) program delivers services to Wasaga Beach, Collingwood, Stayner and Creemore. Operating as a non-­‐profit buying club, participants are able to purchase healthy, affordable, fresh fruits and vegetables year round. Bulk buying, community volunteers and fundraising create cost savings for customers. Medium ($10) and large ($15) boxes can be ordered and are available for pick-­‐up monthly. To further meet the needs of the community the GGFB also has available food boxes (approximately 30 bags of produce/mth) for donation based on requests made by community agencies and delivers boxes to households unable to travel to pick-­‐up locations (approximately 70 households/mth) due to 54
personal circumstances. In Wasaga Beach there are 7 ordering locations which include medical offices, Wasaga Beach Public Library, schools and on-­‐line. In 2014 GGFB established a new packing location at the Rec Plex Hall. Boxes are currently available for collection at the Rec Plex, schools and at a local church. A monthly newsletter is included with each good food box order providing recipe tips. In addition, Good Food Boxes are incorporated into smaller monthly cooking groups (see community kitchens above). These groups explore different ideas for using the GFB and fresh food items. The program is guided by the goals of increasing access to fresh fruits and vegetables and supporting a local, sustainable food system. A program evaluation of the GGFB completed in 2007 found that based on participant, volunteer and co-­‐ordinator responses (survey, focus group, interview) distribution of good food boxes had a direct impact on fruit and vegetable consumption. The majority of participants believed that because of the program they were eating more fruits and vegetables. The GGFB is organized by a dedicated group of volunteers. In 2006/2007 a Trillium grant created the opportunity for one paid staff coordinator position. Georgian Good Food Box Source: Georgian Good Food Box Table 10: Georgian Good Food Box, Number of Boxes Distributed 2004-­‐2013 Year 2004 2005 2006* 2007* 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total 1754 3978 6009 4819 3681 4145 3709 3655 2012 3934 2013 3958 2014 4639 Source: Georgian Good Food Box 4.7 Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Participation in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) involves the consumer paying the farmer a one-­‐time fee (or share) before the beginning of the growing season. Fees collected are used for farming costs (seeds, property fees, equipment, tools, salaries, distribution etc) and in return the participants receive a weekly food box containing an assortment of fresh, local and organic produce. Depending on the program, food boxes are either delivered or available for pick-­‐up. CSA programs work to support local food producers, reduce food waste, encourage environmentally sustainable food production, strengthen access to fresh, high-­‐quality food sources and connect consumers Georgian Good Food Box Source: Enterprise Bulletin 54 Georgian Good Food Box (2015). Nutritious Fruits and Vegetables for Everyone! Retrieved from http://www.ggfb.ca/about-­‐us/who-­‐we-­‐
are.html. 35 Edencrest Farms Source: Edencrest Farms with where their food comes from. Food dollars are retained within the community/region while at the same time supporting the economic stability of smaller farmers. CSAs are growing across South Georgian Bay (see list of CSAs – Appendix B), providing a variety of different options for Wasaga Beach households to become involved with. Participation in a CSA program also serves to connect individuals with where there food comes from, directly connecting producers and consumers. 4.8 Farmers’ Market and Farm Stands Farmers’ markets enable consumers to buy directly from producers, strengthening access to high-­‐quality farm fresh food products while at the same time supporting the local economy and area producers. Farm stands or community food markets support access to fresh fruits and vegetables particularly when placed in areas with 55
high foot traffic (bus stalls, childcare centres, schools) addressing issues of convenience and accessibility. In addition, programs such as the Mobile Good Food market or temporary farm stands strengthen accessibility by removing the barrier of transportation. The Mobile Good Food Market is a program delivered by FoodShare in Toronto. The program runs in collaboration with the Good Food Box, residents are able to purchase food directly from the mobile truck strengthening access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Similar to the Good Food Box program recipes are available and there are opportunities to try new foods. The market environment also 56
creates a space for social connections and ‘community’. Neighbouring communities including Collingwood, Stayner and Creemore operate outdoor Farmers’ Markets throughout the summer months. Wasaga Beach does not currently have a Farmers’ Market. In the past an outdoor market (‘Marketplace’) was held at the Wasaga Beach Rec Plex on Tuesday evenings. Factors such as location, timing and costs have been identified as possible factors contributing to the closure of the market. While interest in having a farmers’ market has remained high barriers to operating a market may be the capacity for farmers/producers to support another market in the area given the abundance of surrounding 57
community markets. Participating in a farmers’ market for producers has its challenges including stall cost, weather conditions in outdoor markets, labour (harvest, stall set-­‐up/removal, transportation) and the potential for low visitor numbers (food waste, poor sales). Consideration of developing a viable farmers’ market would need to examine ways of mitigating these risks. Farmers’ market policies around where food and how food sold is produced must also be considered ensuring that local producers are well supported by the policies developed. Fernwood Farms & Market Source: farmvisit 4.9 Healthy Food Retail There are several larger food retail stores located in Wasaga Beach, while these more stable food source are connected to the public transit system they are located at extreme ends of the community (see Community 55
Glanz, K., & Yaroch, A. (2004). Strategies for increasing fruit and vegetable intake in grocery stores and communities: policy, pricing, and environmental change. Preventive Medicine, 39, S75-­‐S80. 56
FoodShare (2015). Mobile Good Food Market. Retrieved from http://www.foodshare.net/mobilegoodfoodmarket. 57
Ainley, N. (2014) Healthy Eating and Food Related Policy Grant Draft Report Submission. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Shared%20Documents/11-­‐19-­‐2014-­‐Development-­‐Committee-­‐Agenda.pdf 36 Chef Partick’s Gourmet Foods Source: The Blue Mountains Apple Pie Trail Food Resource Map, Section 4.11). Additionally, there are smaller convenience stores and other types of food retail scattered throughout the Town. Items available at smaller food outlets vary and in some instances retail locations are seasonal (increase over the summer months during the tourist season). Beyond the larger food stores the availability of fresh food is limited. Proximity to healthy food retail directly influences dietary choices increasing the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables consumed. Appendix F provides a list of food retail outlets located in Wasaga Beach. Store owners may be reticent to purchase fresh produce for a variety of reasons (storage, costs, perceived community interest. Opportunities for addressing some of these issues may include: • Developing corner store guides – tips on buying, selling and displaying produce • Connecting store owners with fresh food wholesalers and/or local producers • Identifying corner store successes • Developing healthy corner store recognition certificates or an awards program In Collingwood there is a wholesale distributor who supplies local and some food imports to stores and restaurants across South Georgian Bay as well as operating a storefront location which focuses on supporting local food producers/processors. Collingwood also has a co-­‐operative food market and private farm market. 4.10 Community Events 58
The Simcoe County Food and Agriculture Charter describes the importance of supporting community through the celebration of food and culture. There are numerous events across South Georgian Bay where food is celebrated. Local community events are listed in Appendix G, these include Wasaga Beach and communities across South Georgian Bay Farmers’ markets provide a direct opportunity to celebrate local food and develop relationships with local producers and processors further establishing the importance of local food, culture and diversity. The Georgian College Collingwood campus has also played an active role in building and supporting the local food system through events such as the Community Seminar for Food Entrepreneurs delivered in partnership with the local municipalities, Foodland Ontario and South Georgian Bay Small Business Enterprise Centre.. In addition, workshops are available locally for small businesses regionally to develop food handling skills. 4.11 Community Food Resource Maps Community food resource maps provide a physical description of how food assets are distributed across a community, creating a tool for exploring future opportunities and sharing knowledge around local food projects. Figure 11 identifies food resources located in the Town of Wasaga Beach and Figure 12 explores Wasaga Beach and the neighbouring communities, Collingwood and Clearview. 58 Food Partners Alliance (2012). Simcoe County Food and Agriculture Charter. Retrieved from http://fpa.simcoe.ca/Shared%20Documents/PDF_Charter_Printable.pdf. 37 Figure 11: Community Food Resources Wasaga Beach 38 Figure 12: Community Food Resources Wasaga Beach, Collingwood and Clearview 39 4.12 Food Related Policy and Advocacy Organizations including the Food Partners’ Alliance, Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Wasaga Beach Healthy Community Network, Georgian Bay Food Alliance and the Environment Network work in various capacities to support and advocate for a local, environmentally sustainable, accessible food system. Table 11 identifies the role and function of each of these overarching organizations. Table 11: Broader Community Organizations and Food System Advocacy Organization Role/Purpose A multi-­‐sector organization which supports the implementation of the Simcoe County Food Partners’ Alliance Food and Agriculture Charter . Public health agency focused on promoting and protecting health and preventing Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit disease or injury. Acts as an advisory committee to the Town of Wasaga Beach council on matters Wasaga Beach Healthy Community Network relating to active and healthy living, the environment and the creation of a sustainable and healthy future for the town. Links council and the citizens of Wasaga Beach. Marketing association which promotes and advocates for local food production, Simcoe County Farm Fresh processing, distribution and consumption. Georgian Bay Food Alliance Promote a healthy, sustainable, local food system Geographic Area Simcoe County Simcoe County Muskoka Wasaga Beach Simcoe County South Georgian Bay The Environment Network South Georgian Bay Non-­‐profit organization which works with the community, public and government to ensure a healthy and sustainable 40 5. Key Informant Interviews Incorporated into the community food assessment was the completion of 44 semi-­‐structured key informant interviews (Table 12). To build a complete picture of what is happening around food, a broad range of individuals were approached including community agencies and food producers located within Wasaga Beach and the surrounding communities. Interview questions focused on food-­‐related strengths or resources available within Wasaga Beach and neighbouring communities. This information, in addition to an environmental scan of community based food programs informed descriptions provided above (Section 4). Interview participants were also asked to provide their perspective on a Community Food Centre model including perceived strengths, challenges and vision. Table 12: Key Informant Interview Participants Community Agencies Total: 35 Category Number Health 3 Food 9 Seniors 2 Community/Multifaceted 2 Municipal 2 Housing 2 Youth 3 Church 7 Environment 3 Disability 1 Food Systems Total: 9 Category Number Production 7 Distribution 2 Semi-­‐structured key informant interviews were completed either face-­‐to-­‐face or over the telephone. In some instances, to accommodate participant needs, interview questions were answered electronically and forwarded to the project consultant. Participation was voluntary and efforts were made to protect participant privacy removing identifiable information from the data collected. Prior to commencing each interview, participants provided informed consent, which was recorded. Ethics approval for this component of the community food assessment was obtained from the Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit. Committee members assisted with the collection of interview data. As such the structure and approach from interview to interview varied, a perceived limitation of the data collected. The project consultant was responsible for data 41 analysis that included the identification of overarching concepts which were developed based on common themes found within the interview data. 5.1 Overarching Concepts Food The importance of food as a pillar to health and well-­‐being was emphasized. Importantly, interview participants saw food as a mechanism for bringing people together, unifying communities and enabling interactions. In this way food was perceived as a long-­‐term solution and a bridge to broader issues. Food was considered a source of nourishment as well as a security and comfort. In the absence of an affordable and accessible food system, healthy, nutritious food is too often sacrificed by households. Community Drawing on the universality of food and the power of food as a unifier and leveler, participants saw the importance of creating a space for ‘all’, a physical location which was accessible and inclusive. A physical space ‘for all of community’ was considered as an opportunity to breakdown barriers, remove stigma associated with poverty and in the process build a community based on respect and dignity. An opportunity to become a ‘part of something’ further addresses issues of isolation, building a social experience for everyone by reaching across income groups and beyond ‘food’. Social isolation was considered a significant issue, particularly in relation to seniors. By extension, the power of cross-­‐generational initiatives was highlighted, bridging the connection between youth and seniors through resource sharing. Interlinking organizations and programs broadens the reach, facilitates cross-­‐pollination and strengthens community capacity. Knowledge Considered as a long-­‐term solution, skill development and resource sharing were considered as central ingredients for change. There was a perceived gap in programs and physical learning spaces which could be used to support basic food skills including food production, preparation, storage and selection of nutritious foods. Knowledge and participation contribute to individual empowerment. Through knowledge people are further able to experience food differently, gaining exposure to new foods, tastes, skills, people and ways of doing things. Communication A solid marketing and communication strategy based on a consistent message which is simple/clear, reaches across the community and grabs people’s interest, consideration of community perception and possible opposition was emphasized by interview participants. To be successful there must be a clear understanding of the central goal of the initiative and what it is that is trying to be accomplished. Physical Space Developing a physical ‘food’ space, prioritizes the importance of food, creating a physical representation of its importance, supporting community awareness. The creation of an inclusive community space (learning environment, teaching kitchen) which can accommodate families and individuals, youth and seniors, working 42 in partnership with local organizations including area schools was considered by interview participants as a community food gap and opportunity for the future. 5.2 Community Food Centre Perceived Strengths and Challenges A socio-­‐ecological model (Figure 13) provides a tool for examining the connection between individual behaviour and broader environmental factors which operate at different systems levels (individual, intrapersonal, organizational, community and society). In order to address systemic structural barriers to community food security, food focused responses must occur at each level. The benefits identified by interview participants associated with a Community Food Centre have been organized using a socio-­‐ecological model as a means for highlighting ways in which participants perceived this type of response as an opportunity for developing a multi-­‐system approach to community food security. the Stop Community Food Centre Source: the Stop Community Food Centre 43 Figure 13: Socio-­‐Ecological Model of Health and the Perceived Benefits of a Community Food Centre 44 The data collected as part of the key informants interviews that focused on perceived strengths and challenges associated with a Community Food Centre was positive and highly supportive of a Community Food Centre model, highlighting the perceived benefits a multi-­‐faceted facility. When asked to identify concerns or reservations, themes of funding, sustainability and reach, staffing/volunteers (human resources), scope as well as access – all of which are interconnected, were vocalized. Funding Considering the possible size and scope of the project, individuals interviewed expressed concerns related to project cost and financial sustainability including ongoing expenses such as insurance, staffing, maintenance, programming and utilities. To this end the importance of local business and broad community support was emphasized. Funding was identified by a large number of agencies as a barrier to programming and in turn the competition for funding dollars. To the issue of funding, opportunities for incorporating a business model or means for generating funds were proposed, including the sale of produce, establishing a farmers’ market, renting kitchen facilities, developing educational materials and incorporating a social enterprise or café into the centre. Additionally, fundraising initiatives were proposed and opportunities for connecting with local expertise introduced. Issues associated with funding raise the importance of developing a strong communication campaign, building collaboratively and developing a comprehensive funding model, which includes an income generation component. Sustainability and Reach Interview participants felt that for the Community Food Centre model to be successful a ‘critical mass’ must be achieved which is inclusive of ALL of the community. Broad involvement would strengthen sustainability and widen program reach. For this to happen the community needs to be engaged and excited about the idea. There needs to be long-­‐term appeal and reach across the community. Connected with the theme of reach was consideration of neighboring communities and the proposal of a hub or satellite model, which could serve as a community connecter. Volunteers Volunteers make a remarkable contribution to local community programs, serving as the backbone to many of the amazing initiatives currently happening. For a Community Food Centre to be successful there was a perceived need for a strong volunteer network, which is structured such that it celebrates volunteer contributions and provides ongoing support. There was an underlying concern for volunteer ‘burn-­‐out’ or a lack of volunteers to support a Community Food Centre. This point further highlights the need for collaboration and a strong communication strategy. Scope Interview participants considered the broad scope of the project and the value of prioritizing, beginning with something small and building with momentum. In the approach taken there was thus an emphasis on building a growth plan, choosing a few things to do very well and building. Access Transportation is a significant barrier to program participation, highlighting the importance of selecting a location which is easily accessible via public transit, walking or cycling. Wasaga Beach has a strong trail system and established transportation corridors. Consultation with the community will be critical in selecting a physical location. 45 5.3 Interview Participants – Short-­‐Term Vision (Community Food Centre Physical Organization) 46 5.4 Interview Participants – Short-­‐Term Vision (Community Food Centre Logistical Organization) Several logistical organizational elements were identified by key informants as important for the operationalization of a local Community Food Centre, these included: •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Communication strategy – building a social media and marketing plan which focuses on developing awareness and is inclusive of media, promotional materials (newsletters, workshop schedule/calendar) and fundraising initiatives Strategic plan – building a clear mission statement and identifying organizational values and vision Leadership – establishing a strong governing body, which consists of a cross-­‐section of community members including individuals from across the food system, program participants and youth. It must be inclusive, respectful, non-­‐judgmental and based on a horizontal hierarchy Website – provide online resources, link with other sites and updated programs or materials Transportation – centralized and walkable location which permits drop-­‐ins or direct program participation Funding – strong and secure financial base Volunteers – network based on a system of support and appreciation Growth plan – importance of starting small, considering what is already available and building from this. Community Hub – creating an umbrella organization, offering a holistic approach to health and wellbeing. Strong municipal and community support Focus on sustainability 5.5 Interview Participants -­‐ Long-­‐Term Vision (Community Food Centre) There were similarities between short-­‐term and long-­‐term visions depending on the initial starting structure of the Community Food Centre considered. Across interviews, there was an underlying vision of growth based on the needs and direction of the community. Considering financial sustainability, the incorporation of a social enterprise component was frequently suggested. Whereby a social enterprise could include elements of a café, catering or food production, which in turn could be sold at a farmers’ market. Inclusion of a social enterprise would also support skill development opening employment opportunities. Other elements considered as part of the long-­‐term vision of the centre were: Incubator Kitchen – space for food entrepreneurs or rental of the kitchen to support small scale business or food ventures • Multi-­‐use facility – incorporation of other support agencies, job bank, fitness/activity area • Transportation • Hydroponic garden • Greenhouse As described in one interview, in developing a project such as this, it is important to consider the future at the beginning, building the capacity for growth and expansion. •
47 5.6 Building Connections with the Local Food System Semi-­‐structured interviews were completed with 6 local food producers and 2 food retailers/distributors. Similar to interview questions posed to community agencies, participants were asked to consider current strengths and challenges inherent within the local food system, perceptions of a Community Food Centre initiative and consideration of opportunities for involvement. As was the case with community agencies, participants interviewed perceived multiple advantages associated with a Community Food Centre including: • Comprehensive approach instead of a band-­‐aid solution • Opportunity for education and advocacy • Community building • Access to quality food • Addresses current lack of good resources for the community • Increased interest in local produce • Skill development – storage and preparation • Awareness raising – understanding where food comes from • Increasing the capacity of food banks • Development of a community kitchen • Connecting food producers and consumers • Reducing food waste • Reaching community members who may not be connected with the local food system A variety of opportunities for participation or partnering with a Community Food Centre were also identified, ideas included: • Providing advice, expertise and information • Supporting fundraising efforts • Providing produce • Supporting gleaning or second harvest programs • Skill sharing and workshops – how to start seedlings indoors, youth gardens, growing vegetables, flowers and herbs, storage and preserving food • Distributing food – CSA pick-­‐up point, farmers’ market/food stand Producers interviewed identified similar concerns in relation to a Community Food Centre as expressed by community agencies, these included transportation, logistical organization, accessibility to ALL community members, funding, volunteers and community backlash depending on how the centre is promoted. In response to some of these concerns, participants emphasized the importance of a strong marketing/communication strategy, addressing issues of access and equity, incorporating the whole community, connecting with producers, and building a local, sustainable food system. To this end consumers need to see a good reason to buy local and participate in strengthening the local food system. 48 7.0 Recommendations Strengthen municipal policy and infrastructure to support local food production and distribution 59
• Promote growth of urban agriculture (community gardens, edible landscaping, community orchard) 60
Identify and protect land suitable for food production within the municipality Develop a garden share program, connecting community gardeners and landowners 61
• Development of a local farmers’ market and/or temporary farm stands • Incorporate food gardens into school green space areas and develop hands-­‐on education 62
opportunities focusing on food skills, healthy eating and food system awareness • Explore opportunities for introducing a healthy corner store initiative based on best practices 63
established within other municipalities and support the development of food retailers in proximity 64
to residential areas 65
• Introduce a targeted local food procurement policy and implementation plan Develop community food skills programming (growing, preparing, storing) • Explore opportunities for building a community hub or centre including a commercial kitchen and 66
learning environment which can accommodate local school programs and community members • Establish community food events/workshops (garden planning, water saving, canning, preserving, general cooking) • Pilot a community food animator program – food growing, preparing and storing – facilitating community training programs • Develop intergenerational approaches to food programming, supporting community kitchens, low-­‐
cost public meals and senior specific Good Food Baskets. 59 Ainley, N. (2014) Healthy Eating and Food Related Policy Grant Draft Report Submission. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Shared%20Documents/11-­‐19-­‐2014-­‐Development-­‐Committee-­‐Agenda.pdf 60 Deloitte (2013). Best practices in local food: A guide for municipalities. Retrieved from http://www.roma.on.ca/ROMA-­‐
Docs/Reports/2013BestPracticesinLocalFoodAGuideforMunicipalitie.aspx. 61 Ainley, N. (2014) Healthy Eating and Food Related Policy Grant Draft Report Submission. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Shared%20Documents/11-­‐19-­‐2014-­‐Development-­‐Committee-­‐Agenda.pdf 62 Blair, D. (2009). The Child in the Garden: An Evaluative Review of the Benefits of School Gardening. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(2), 15-­‐38. 63 Toronto Food Policy Council (2014). Food Strategy Update: Healthy Corner Store Project. Retrieved from http://tfpc.to/toronto-­‐
food/food-­‐strategy-­‐update-­‐healthy-­‐corner-­‐store-­‐project. 64 64 Ainley, N. (2014) Healthy Eating and Food Related Policy Grant Draft Report Submission. Retrieved from http://www.wasagabeach.com/Shared%20Documents/11-­‐19-­‐2014-­‐Development-­‐Committee-­‐Agenda.pdf 65 Deloitte (2013). Best practices in local food: A guide for municipalities. Retrieved from http://www.roma.on.ca/ROMA-­‐
Docs/Reports/2013BestPracticesinLocalFoodAGuideforMunicipalitie.aspx. 66 Ibid 49 Develop a communications strategy to enhance awareness of the importance of local food and community food programs including features of a Community Food Centre. • Undertake community consultation phase including town hall meetings and focus groups with the objective of gaining a better understanding of community member experiences, needs and perspectives on a Community Food Centre model and additional opportunities for supporting community food security. • Create, in partnership with neighbouring communities and organizations, a local food newsletter promoting the benefits of local food, identifying food programs and celebrating local food champions • Build community involvement and engagement in community food program development through ‘Town Hall’ meetings and community forums, sharing community food assessment findings, collecting feedback, addressing concerns and supporting community ownership of community food programs. • Communicate progress amongst community stakeholders and municipality on an ongoing basis Strengthen access to fresh and nutritious food in ways which support social inclusion and are empowering • Pilot a food gleaning or second harvest program. • Support new and currently existing programs such as the Good Food Box, community kitchen and community gardens • Promote the concept of yard sharing or plant a row – grow a row programs. • Address transportation barriers for rural residents, seniors and households located outside the primary transit corridors by exploring opportunities for a mobile market or mobile food program. Build system-­‐wide community food capacity and resources • Establish a multi-­‐stakeholder community food security advisory committee or coalition • Undertake a regional community food assessment which may be used to inform the development of a 67
regional food strategy, guided by Simcoe County Food and Agriculture Charter • Create a sustainable funding model, drawing on community resources/partnerships, to support food focused initiatives and development of a Community Food Centre • Build relationships with local food producers, processors and food retailers. • Showcase food system entrepreneurs (producers, processors, retailers) promoting local foods, sharing skills and building community connections 67 Deloitte (2013). Best practices in local food: A guide for municipalities. Retrieved from http://www.roma.on.ca/ROMA-­‐
Docs/Reports/2013BestPracticesinLocalFoodAGuideforMunicipalitie.aspx. 50 Appendix A– Food For Thought II Graphic Summary 51 Appendix B –Local Producers & Processors Area Producers Farm Location Al Ferri & Sons Collingwood Downey Potato Farms Shelburne Duntroon Farm Duntroon Details Strawberries Potatoes (russet, white and yellow potato Beef, garlic, herbs, meats, turkey, vegetables Edencrest Farms Minesing Locally grown and hand selected food items. Raise cow/calves, chickens, laying hens. Cash crops Greenhouse Fernwood Farms Stayner Fiddlehead Nursery Kimberly Flevo Farm Stayner Blueberries, pumpkins, raspberries, strawberries, vegetables Edible landscaping, shrubs, brambles, vines, herbaceous perennials, trees Pork chops, roasts, ham, ribs, bacon, sausage Fiddleheads Gallacher’s Orchard Glenhuron Apples & Cold Storage Ltd. Giffen’s Country Market Meester’s Farms Ltd. Nottawa Glenhuron Miller’s Dairy New Farm Creemore Creemore Osprey Bluffs Honey Company Rural Roots Nursery & Market Garden Osprey Bluffs Honey & beeswax products New Lowell Greenhouse, custom planting service, garden design & support, vegetables, hanging baskets, herbs, seeds, natural fertilizers, soils, mulches, market garden Twelve Farms (Division of Stayner Meat Stayner Bee & pork and processing 52 Collingwood Apples, plums Apple orchard, bakery, frozen food, local cheese, meat, homegrown & local produce, syrup, jams Apples, pears, plums, raspberries, strawberries Rhubarb, strawberries, raspberries, asparagus, carrots, peppers, cabbage, potatoes, apples Dairy Farm and processing – cream, whole milk Salad greens, heirloom potatoes, rainbow beets, Japanese cucumbers, Type Upick Producer and packer Garden Centre, Organic producer, roadside market Year round CSA/Food Basket Program, Home Grocery Delivery, On-­‐line ordering, Participate in Farmers’ Markets, Educational farm tours Upick pumpkins, Country Market Farmgate Creemore’s Market Upick Country Market, Upick, orchard wagon tours Upick, Farmgate sales, Farmers’ Market Product sold in local stores Farmgate Restaurant orders Sanfilippo Wholesale Area local retail Farmgate, beeyard tours CSA (medium/large family baskets) Farmgate New Lowell Farmers’ Market Stayner Farmers’ Market Farm Retail & Wholesale Packers Ltd.) ValleyFarm Market & Catering Weel Farms and Farm Market Whispering Pines Farm & Garden Kolapore Springs Fishery Elmvale Stayner Market garden, meats, free range and organic fresh deli, cheeses, dairy products Country Market Catering Country Market Phelpston Meat, eggs, heirloom vegetables Kolapore Fish CSA Products sold in local stores Culinary Events Distribute Processors and Local/Market Retail Retail Location Collingwood Collingwood Community Food Co-­‐op 100 Mile Store Creemore Details Food sourced from local farms and producers Creemore All food sourced from within a 100 mile radius of Creemore – meat, cheese, dairy, produce, maple syrup, honey, fish Grow and sell asparagus, strawberries, peas, beans, peppers, beets, salad greens, corn, tomatoes, garlic, squash, potatoes. Food sourced from local producers. Currie’s Farm Market Collingwood Dags & Willow Fine Cheese and Gourmet Shop High on Hemp Collingwood Local and imported cheese Collingwood Hemp products Mad Maple Country Inn Creemore Men With Knives Collingwood Catering Sanfilippo’s Wholesale Collingwood Fruit & Vegetables Willow Trace B & B, Collingwood Cooking Academy 53 Collingwood Restaurant focuses on local food Catering – local food focus Retail – fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy, frozen meals – focus on supporting local products Wholesale & Distribution Cooking 101 Introduction to basic food techniques and skills, pasta, Thai, Asian, shellfish, healthy cooking made easy Type Food co-­‐operative Local Retail Producer Co-­‐op Local Retail Delivery CSA Local Retail Local Retail, Collingwood Farmers’ market Restaurant Catering Wholesale Retail – local food focus GFB Cooking school Appendix C -­‐ Agricultural Land Classification, Wasaga Beach Source: County of Simcoe 54 Appendix D: Official Plan of the Town of Wasaga Beach (Schedule A) 55 56 57 58 Appendix E – Hot Meal Schedule -­‐ Collingwood Date 1st Thursday 2nd Wednesday 3rd Wednesday 4th Tuesday Every Tuesday Location Evangelical Missionary Church 19 Cameron St All Saints Anglican Church 32 Elgin St Trinity United Church 140 Maple St First Presbyterian Church 200 Maple St Erie Street Community Church 200 Erie St Appendix F – Medium-­‐Large and Small Food Retail Outlets Medium-­‐Large Food Retail Name Location Wal-­‐Mart supercenter Main Street at River Road West th
Real Canadian Superstore Mosley St and 45 St th
Shoppers Drug Mart Mosley St and 45 St Giant Tiger 818 Mosley St Dollarama 126 Mosley St Foodland 711 River Rd W Bulk Barn 1 Market Lane Small Food Retail Name Location BB Convenience 798 Mosley St The Corner Market Riverbend Plaza Mac’s Milk 1551 Mosley St Year round – less healthy th
Beach Convenience 57 St and Mosley St Sunshine on a Cloudy Day 174 Main St Mixing Bowls 826 Mosley St Gatheral Country Food Market 620 River Road Valley Farm Market 2457 County Rd 92 Eleus Foods 9 Main St White Pines Convenience 525 River Rd West Year Round – less healthy M&M Meats 1263 Mosley Becker Milk 1551 Mosley St Bulk n Save 1441 Mosley St Oasis Convenience 7297 Hwy 26 59 Comments (most are free will donations) 6:00 PM Dinner 6:00 PM Dinner 6:00 PM Dinner 5:30 PM Dinner 12-­‐1 PM Soup Kitchen ($2 donation accepted but not required) Mosely Mart Jays Gas Bar & Variety Daisy Mart Snack Beach Zone Harley-­‐B’s Variety 3081 Mosley Street Year round – less healthy 1184 Mosley St Year round – less healthy 620 River Road West Year round – less healthy 45 Beach Dr. Seasonal 35 Mosley St Seasonal 85 Main St. Sunset Corner Convenience Appendix G: Community Events Wasaga Beach Dinner and a Movie South Georgian Bay Apple Pie Trail & Apple Harvest Festival Great Northern Exhibition Be The Change Series Creemore Copper Kettle Festival Stayner Heritage Days Festival 60 Dinner prepared by local restaurants each week and paired with a family friendly movie Year Round tour of apple country and annual festival celebrating Ontario’s largest apple growing region th
Sept 2015 marks the 160 anniversary of the GNE, includes animals, education days, food events, displays Monthly documentary series, created to educate and inspire social action. Films focus on social justice and environmental issues. Celebration of food and drink. Includes live music, local food, copper kettle cook off, kids’ activities, Brewery visits and a Farmers’ market Food stations in the park, pancake breakfast, walking tours, parade and kids’ activities. Appendix H – Municipal Policy Documents Economic Market Research on Wasaga Beach. http://www.wasagabeach.com/Document%20Library/FINAL%202008%20Commercial%20Needs%20Study.pdf South Georgina Bay Regional Economic Development Strategic Plan. http://www.thebluemountains.ca/public_docs/projects/Collingwood%20Report%20-­‐%20Final%20Version%20-­‐
%20June%2010.pdf. Food Wasaga Beach: Healthy Eating and Food Related Policy Grant Draft Report Submission. http://www.wasagabeach.com/Shared%20Documents/11-­‐19-­‐2014-­‐Development-­‐Committee-­‐Agenda.pdf Simcoe County Food and Agriculture Charter. http://fpa.simcoe.ca/Shared%20Documents/PDF_Charter_Printable.pdf. Housing Your Home, Your Future: Town of Wasaga Beach Housing Strategy. http://www.wasagabeach.com/Housing%20Documents/WB%20Housing%20Strategy%20Final%20Jan%2031%
202013.pdf. Simcoe County: Housing Our Future: Our Community 10-­‐year Affordable Housing and Homelessness Prevention Strategy. http://www.simcoe.ca/SocialHousing/Documents/AHHPS%20Full%20Strategy%20.pdf. Planning Official Plan of the County of Simcoe http://www.simcoe.ca/Planning/Documents/Official%20Plan%20County%20of%20Simcoe.pdf. Official Plan of the Town of Wasaga Beach. http://www.wasagabeach.com/Document%20Library/OP%20Consolidation%20Text%20September%206%202
013.pdf. Simcoe Area: A Strategic Vision for Growth. http://cprn.org/documents/50554_FR.pdf Town of Wasaga Beach: Mission Statement and Vision Statement. http://www.wasagabeach.com/town-­‐hall/council/mission-­‐vision-­‐statements. Wasaga Beach Parks, Facilities and Recreation Master Plan. http://www.wasagabeach.com/Studies/Wasaga%20Beach%20Parks%20Facilities%20and%20Recreation%20Fin
al.pdf 61 Transportation Active Transportation Plan – guiding document to support Wasaga Beach pedestrian and cycling system, http://www.wasagabeach.com/Studies/Active%20Transportation%20Plan.pdf Active Transportation Wayfinding Master Plan – proposed signage system to support cyclists and pedestrians, http://www.wasagabeach.com/Studies/Wasaga%20Beach%20AT%20Wayfinding%20Master%20Plan.pdf. Hike & Bike Wasaga Beach – An Active Community – trails maps http://www.wasagabeach.com/Maps/Wasaga%20Beach%20Community%20Trails%20eMap.pdf Wasaga Beach Transportation Study, http://www.wasagabeach.com/Studies/WB%202012%20Transportation%20Study%20Update_Jan%202013.pdf. Food Definitions Backyard hens: raising domesticated female chickens for egg production Commercial Kitchen – a food processing area Rooftop gardens: Utilizing spaces on top of buildings for growing food. Urban agriculture: may include the production and harvesting of fruits or vegetables and/or raising of animals for the purposes of personal consumption and/or sale (commercial or non-­‐commercial) Urban farms: Small scale growing food production operations, food grown may be used to generate revenue. Executive Summary Across towns and cities there is a growing movement, a shift in focus onto growing healthy, resilient and 68
sustainable communities towards building a localized and sustainable food system. At the same time there is a growing number of people who do not have access to safe and nutritious food. Food is an integral component of the social, cultural, environmental and economic fabric of every community. 68
Scharf, K., Levkoe, C., & Saul, N. (2010). In Every Community a Place for Food: The Role of the Community Food Centre in Building a Local, Sustainable, and Just Food System. Retrieved from http://depotndg.org/pdf/in_every_community_a_place_for_food.pdf. 62