Svensk-Norska Handelskammaren

Clusters and Cluster Construction
Professor Örjan Sölvell
Ms Malin
Ekberg
Dr Örjan
Sölvell
Dr Christian
Ketels
Dr Robin
Teigland
Dr Göran
Lindqvist
Dr Sergiy
Protsiv
Dr Sergey
Morgulis-Yakuchev
Books and Reports for
Academic and Policy Audiences
Silicon…
Silicon…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Silicon Alley
Silicon Beach
Silicon Village
Silicon Fen
Silicon Saxony
Silicon Wadi
Silicon Welly
…
Manhattan
Santa Cruz
Massachusetts
Cambridge
Germany
Israel
Wellington
…Valley
…Valley
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Motorsport valley
Medicon Valley
Food Valley
Measurement Valley
Aerospace Valley
Aviation Valley
Silver Valley
Cosmetic Valley
Oxford
Öresund
Netherlands
Göttingen
Toulouse
Subcarpathia Poland
Paris
Paris
Alfred Marshall – 19th century U.K.
Northampton
Sheffield
Buckinghamshire
Global markets…
9
…regional clusters
…linked to the world
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Why are clusters important?
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= Systems of Innovation!
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Reality – The 7 Gaps
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You need to bridge the gaps
Develop good knowledge across actors
Build dense networks
Create a similar “language”
Push for overlapping norms and attitudes
Similar vision
Develop a high level of trust
Help to build positive incentives to cross the gaps
Start joint projects – traffic on the bridges
15
Important Bridge Builders
Sector
Few gaps
Typ av politik
Many gaps
Exempel
Generally across
sectors
Applied Research
Institutes
Innovation offices
Science Parks
Incubators (services)
Public venture capital fund
Specific sector
Niche Incubators
(ICT, Life Science)
Test Beds
Demonstrators
Cluster organizations
Put into the national/regional political context
Microeconomic Policy
-Innovation
-Science
-Cluster
-Industry
-Entrepre/SME
-Regional
-Trade
Cluster Organizations
-Building a commons
-Innovation projects
-Business dev projects
Cluster Construction
1.
2.
Building a ”Commons”
Networking
Disseminating information
Cluster identity & brand
Vision
Actor-bridging
innovation
projects
3.
Actor-bridging
business
development
projects
Evaluation of Cluster Organizations:
Bridge Building Success (Swedish data)
Bridge Building – Comparison of Three Clusters (2014)
40%
% of companies in cluster reporting effect due to cluster membership
Firm – Firm
Firm - Research
ALPHA
GOLF
ECHO
30%
20%
10%
0%
Firm-Research/Education
Firm-Firm
Firm-Public
Firm-Cluster
Note: The vertical axis shows average reported effects (0-100%)
Firm-Global
Firm-Capital
Cluster Organizations: Priority Order (Global data)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80% 100%
Among firms in the cluster
Firms and research institutions
Firms and educational institutions
Firms and public organisations
With other cluster organisations
With global markets
Firms and financial institutions
High priority
Medium priority
Low priority
Not done
20
Source: The Global Cluster Initiative Survey, The Cluster Observatory 2012.
There is only one Silicon Valley…
But you can do a lot to construct more
dynamic clusters in your nation/region!
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Thank
You!
www.clusterobservatory.eu