NFPA 20 Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection

Transcription

NFPA 20
®
Standard for the
Installation of Stationary Pumps
for Fire Protection
2010 Edition
Provided by : www.spic.ir
NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471
An International Codes and Standards Organization
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Copyright National Fire Protection Association
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20–1
Copyright © 2009 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved.
NFPA® 20
Standard for the
Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
2010 Edition
This edition of NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, was
prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire Pumps and acted on by NFPA at its June Association
Technical Meeting held June 8-11, 2009, in Chicago, IL. It was issued by the Standards Council on
August 6, 2009, with an effective date of August 26, 2009, and supersedes all previous editions.
This edition of NFPA 20 was approved as an American National Standard on August 26, 2009.
The first National Fire Protection Association standard for automatic sprinklers was published in 1896 and contained paragraphs on steam and rotary fire pumps.
The Committee on Fire Pumps was organized in 1899 with five members from underwriter
associations. Modern committee membership has included representatives of Underwriters Laboratories of both the United States and Canada, Insurance Services Office, Factory Mutual, Industrial Risk Insurers, national trade associations, state governments, engineering organizations, and
private individuals.
Early fire pumps were only secondary supplies for sprinklers, standpipes, and hydrants and
were started manually. Today, fire pumps have greatly increased in number and in applications —
many are the major or only water supply, and almost all are started automatically. Early pumps
usually took suction by lift from standing or flowing water supplies because the famed National
Standard Steam Fire Pump and rotary types suited that service. Ascendancy of the centrifugal
pump resulted in positive head supply to horizontal shaft pumps from public water supplies and
aboveground tanks. Later, vertical shaft turbine–type pumps were lowered into wells or into wet
pits supplied from ponds or other belowground sources of water.
Gasoline engine–driven pumps first appeared in this standard in 1913. From an early
status of relative unreliability and of supplementary use only, first spark-ignited gasoline engines and then compression ignition diesels have steadily developed engine-driven pumps to
a place alongside electric-driven units for total reliability.
Fire protection now calls for larger pumps, higher pressures, and more varied units for a wide
range of systems protecting both life and property. Hydraulically calculated and designed sprinkler and special fire protection systems have changed concepts of water supply completely.
Since the formation of this Committee, each edition of NFPA 20 has incorporated appropriate
provisions to cover new developments and has omitted obsolete provisions. NFPA action on
successive editions has been taken in the following years: 1907, 1910–1913, 1915, 1918–1921,
1923–1929, 1931–1933, 1937, 1939, 1943, 1944, 1946–1948, 1951, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1959–1972,
1974, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2003, and 2007.
The 1990 edition included several amendments with regard to some of the key components associated with electric-driven fire pumps. In addition, amendments were made to
allow the document to conform more closely to the NFPA Manual of Style.
The 1993 edition included significant revisions to Chapters 6 and 7 with regard to the
arrangement of the power supply to electric-driven fire pumps. These clarifications were
intended to provide the necessary requirements to make the system as reliable as possible.
The 1996 edition continued the changes initiated in the 1993 edition, and Chapters 6 and 7,
which addressed electric drives and controllers, underwent significant revision. New information
was also added regarding engine-cooling provisions, earthquake protection, and backflow preventers. Chapter 5, which addressed provisions for high-rise buildings, was removed, as were capacity
limitations on in-line and end suction pumps. Additionally, provisions regarding suction pipe
fittings were updated.
NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.
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Origin and Development of NFPA 20
20–2
INSTALLATION OF STATIONARY PUMPS FOR FIRE PROTECTION
The 1999 edition of the standard included requirements for positive displacement pumps for both water mist and
foam systems. The document title was revised to reflect this change, since the 1999 edition addressed requirements for
pumps other than centrifugal. Enforceable language was added, particularly regarding protection of equipment.
Revisions for the 2003 edition included updating the document to conform with the latest edition of the Manual of
Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. Provisions were also added to address the use of fire pump drivers using
variable speed pressure limiting control. Acceptance test criteria were added to the document for replacement of
critical path components of a fire pump installation.
For the 2007 edition, requirements for variable speed drives were refined, requirements for break tanks were
added, and component replacement testing tables were included.
The 2010 edition now includes a new chapter on fire pumps for high-rise buildings. Requirements for pumps
arranged in series were also added to the general requirements chapter. Chapter 11 of the standard has been reorganized.
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2010 Edition
20–3
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
Technical Committee on Fire Pumps
Gayle Pennel, Chair
Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I]
Frank L. Moore, Nonvoting Secretary
Moore Pump and Equipment, Inc., MS [IM]
(Alt. to A. A. Dorini)
James A. Beals, Jacobs Engineering, VA [SE]
Thomas R. Boccetti, The DuPont Company, DE [U]
Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section
James C. Bollier, Sprinkler Fitters UA Local 483, CA [L]
Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the
Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry
Marinus Both, Western States Fire Protection Company,
NV [IM]
Pat D. Brock, Oklahoma State University, OK [SE]
Hugh D. Castles, Entergy Services, Inc., MS [U]
Rep. Edison Electric Institute
Scott L. Danforth, Cummins NPower, LLC, WI [M]
Phillip A. Davis, Allianz Global Risks, IL [I]
Alan A. Dorini, Gulfstream Pump & Equipment, Inc.,
FL [IM]
George W. Flach, George W. Flach Consultant, Inc.,
LA [SE]
David B. Fuller, FM Global, MA [I]
Dana R. Haagensen, Massachusetts Office of the State
Fire Marshal, MA [E]
Bill M. Harvey, Harvey & Associates, Inc., SC [IM]
Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association
Hatem Ezzat Kheir, Kheir Group, Egypt [IM]
Timothy S. Killion, Peerless Pump Company, IN [M]
John R. Kovacik, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]
R. T. Leicht, State of Delaware, DE [E]
Rep. International Fire Marshals Association
David S. Mowrer, HSB Global Standards, TN [I]
Jeffrey R. Roberts, XL Global Asset Protection Services,
MS [I]
Richard Schneider, Joslyn Clark Controls, SC [M]
Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Darrell A. Snyder, Patterson Pump Company, GA [M]
Rep. Hydraulic Institute
Hansford Stewart, ITT A-C Fire Pump Systems, TX [M]
Terry L. Victor, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MD [M]
Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association
Lawrence J. Wenzel, Hughes Associates, Inc., CT [SE]
David M. Whitfield, S-P-D Incorporated, IL [M]
Rep. Illinois Fire Prevention Association
John Whitney, Clarke Fire Protection Products, Inc.,
OH [M]
Rep. Engine Manufacturers Association
Garry W. Yaffe, U.S. Department of Energy, SC [U]
Alternates
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Timothy Ballengee, Peerless Pump Company,
NC [M]
(Alt. to T. S. Killion)
Kerry M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]
(Alt. to J. R. Kovacik)
Stephen A. Clark, Jr., Allianz Risk Consultants, LLC,
GA [I]
(Alt. to P. A. Davis)
Brandon W. Frakes, XL Global Asset Protection Services,
NC [I]
(Alt. to J. R. Roberts)
John L. Hulett, Western States Fire Protection Company,
CO [IM]
(Alt. to M. Both)
Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association,
Inc., NY [M]
(Alt. to T. L. Victor)
James J. Koral, General Motors, NY [U]
(Alt. to T. R. Boccetti)
John Laka, Cummins NPower, LLC, WI [M]
(Alt. to S. L. Danforth)
Timothy J. LaRose, Hughes Associates, Inc., RI [SE]
(Alt. to L. J. Wenzel)
Gary Lauer, ITT A-C Fire Pump Systems, IL [M]
(Alt. to H. Stewart)
Charles W. McKnight, Battelle Energy Alliance, ID [U]
(Alt. to G. W. Yaffe)
Michael R. Moran, State of Delaware, DE [E]
(Alt. to R. T. Leicht)
Brett Scharpenter, Chicago Backflow Inc., IL [M]
(Alt. to D. M. Whitfield)
William F. Stelter, Master Control Systems, Inc., IL [M]
(Alt. to R. Schneider)
Thomas G. Wellen, American Fire Sprinkler Association,
Inc., TX [IM]
(Alt. to B. M. Harvey)
Stanley M. Ziobro, FM Approvals, RI [I]
(Alt. to D. B. Fuller)
Nonvoting
Edward D. Leedy, Naperville, IL
(Member Emeritus)
James W. Nolan, James W. Nolan Company, IL
(Member Emeritus)
Jason Gamache, NFPA Staff Liaison
This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time,
changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.
NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or
any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.
Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the selection and
installation of stationary pumps supplying water or special additives including but not limited to foam
concentrates for private fire protection, including suction piping, valves and auxiliary equipment, electric
drive and control equipment, and internal combustion engine drive and control equipment.
2010 Edition
20–4
Contents
Chapter 1 Administration ...............................
1.1
Scope .............................................
1.2
Purpose ..........................................
1.3
Application ......................................
1.4
Retroactivity .....................................
1.5
Equivalency .....................................
1.6
Units ..............................................
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ...................
2.1
General ...........................................
2.2
NFPA Publications .............................
2.3
Other Publications ............................
2.4
References for Extracts in Mandatory
Sections ..........................................
20– 7
20– 7
20– 7
20– 7
Chapter 3 Definitions ....................................
3.1
General ...........................................
3.2
NFPA Official Definitions ....................
3.3
General Definitions ...........................
20– 7
20– 7
20– 7
20– 8
Chapter 4 General Requirements .....................
4.1
Pumps ............................................
4.2
Approval Required ............................
4.3
Pump Operation ...............................
4.4
Fire Pump Unit Performance ...............
4.5
Certified Shop Test ............................
4.6
Liquid Supplies .................................
4.7
Pumps, Drivers, and Controllers ...........
4.8
Centrifugal Fire Pump Capacities ..........
4.9
Nameplate .......................................
4.10
Pressure Gauges ................................
4.11
Circulation Relief Valve .......................
4.12
Equipment Protection ........................
4.13
Pipe and Fittings ...............................
4.14
Suction Pipe and Fittings ....................
4.15
Discharge Pipe and Fittings .................
4.16
Valve Supervision ..............................
4.17
Protection of Piping Against Damage
Due to Movement .............................
4.18
Relief Valves for Centrifugal Pumps .......
4.19
Pumps Arranged in Series. ..................
4.20
Water Flow Test Devices ......................
4.21
Steam Power Supply Dependability. .......
4.22
Shop Tests .......................................
4.23
Pump Shaft Rotation ..........................
4.24
Other Signals ...................................
4.25
Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or
Make-Up) Pumps ..............................
4.26
Summary of Centrifugal Fire Pump
Data ...............................................
4.27
Backflow Preventers and Check Valves ....
4.28
Earthquake Protection .......................
4.29
Packaged Fire Pump Assemblies. ...........
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
16
16
20–
20–
20–
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20–
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18
2010 Edition
20–
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
20– 18
20–
20–
20–
20–
19
19
20
20
4.30
4.31
4.32
Pressure Actuated Controller Pressure
Sensing Lines. .................................. 20– 21
Break Tanks ..................................... 20– 21
Field Acceptance Test of Pump Units ..... 20– 22
Chapter 5 Fire Pumps for High-Rise Buildings ....
5.1
General. ..........................................
5.2
Types. .............................................
5.3
Equipment Access .............................
5.4
Fire Pump Test Arrangement ...............
5.5
Auxiliary Power .................................
5.6
Fire Pump Backup .............................
5.7
Water Supply Tanks. ...........................
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
Chapter 6 Centrifugal Pumps ..........................
6.1
General ...........................................
6.2
Factory and Field Performance .............
6.3
Fittings ...........................................
6.4
Foundation and Setting ......................
6.5
Connection to Driver and Alignment .....
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
22
22
22
22
23
23
Chapter 7 Vertical Shaft Turbine–Type Pumps ....
7.1
General ...........................................
7.2
Water Supply ....................................
7.3
Pump .............................................
7.4
Installation ......................................
7.5
Driver .............................................
7.6
Operation and Maintenance ................
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
23
23
23
24
25
25
26
Chapter 8 Positive Displacement Pumps ............
8.1
General ...........................................
8.2
Foam Concentrate and Additive
Pumps ............................................
8.3
Water Mist System Pumps ....................
8.4
Fittings ...........................................
8.5
Pump Drivers ...................................
8.6
Controllers ......................................
8.7
Foundation and Setting ......................
8.8
Driver Connection and Alignment ........
8.9
Flow Test Devices ..............................
20– 26
20– 26
Chapter 9 Electric Drive for Pumps ..................
9.1
General ...........................................
9.2
Normal Power ..................................
9.3
Alternate Power ................................
9.4
Voltage Drop ....................................
9.5
Motors ............................................
9.6
On-Site Standby Generator Systems .......
9.7
Junction Boxes .................................
9.8
Listed Electrical Circuit Protective
System to Controller Wiring .................
9.9
Raceway Terminations ........................
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20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
28
28
28
29
29
29
30
30
20– 30
20– 30
20–5
CONTENTS
Chapter 10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
30
30
31
31
32
34
35
36
20– 36
20– 37
20– 38
Chapter 11 Diesel Engine Drive ........................
11.1
General ...........................................
11.2
Engines ...........................................
11.3
Pump Room. ....................................
11.4
Fuel Supply and Arrangement ..............
11.5
Engine Exhaust ................................
11.6
Diesel Engine Driver System
Operation. .......................................
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
Chapter 12 Engine Drive Controllers .................
12.1
Application ......................................
12.2
Location .........................................
12.3
Construction ....................................
20–
20–
20–
20–
39
39
39
43
44
45
20– 45
46
46
46
46
Components ....................................
Battery Recharging. ...........................
Battery Chargers. ..............................
Starting and Control ..........................
Air-Starting Engine Controllers ............
20–
20–
20–
20–
20–
47
48
48
48
50
Chapter 13 Steam Turbine Drive ......................
13.1
General ...........................................
13.2
Turbine ..........................................
13.3
Installation ......................................
20–
20–
20–
20–
50
50
50
51
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
Chapter 14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
Acceptance Testing, Performance,
and Maintenance ...........................
Hydrostatic Tests and Flushing .............
Field Acceptance Tests ........................
Manuals, Special Tools, and Spare
Parts ...............................................
Periodic Inspection, Testing, and
Maintenance ....................................
Component Replacement ...................
20– 51
20– 51
20– 51
20– 53
20– 53
20– 53
Annex A
Explanatory Material ......................... 20– 56
Annex B
Possible Causes of Pump Troubles ....... 20– 93
Annex C
Informational References ................... 20– 96
Annex D
Material Extracted by NFPA 70,
Article 695 ...................................... 20– 96
Index ........................................................... 20– 99
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10.9
10.10
Electric-Drive Controllers and
Accessories ..................................
General ...........................................
Location .........................................
Construction ....................................
Components ....................................
Starting and Control ..........................
Controllers Rated in Excess of 600 V ......
Limited Service Controllers .................
Power Transfer for Alternate Power
Supply ............................................
Controllers for Additive Pump Motors ....
Controllers with Variable Speed
Pressure Limiting Control or
Variable Speed Suction Limiting
Control. ..........................................
2010 Edition
20–6
Standard for the
Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection
2010 Edition
IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for
use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices
and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document
and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also be obtained
on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.
NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter
designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material
on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.
Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical
rule beside the paragraph, table, or figure in which the
change occurred. These rules are included as an aid to the
user in identifying changes from the previous edition. Where
one or more complete paragraphs have been deleted, the deletion is indicated by a bullet (•) between the paragraphs that
remain.
A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph
indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA
document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition
of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of
the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in
informational sections are given in Annex C. Extracted text
may be edited for consistency and style and may include the
revision of internal paragraph references and other references as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions
of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the source document.
Information on referenced publications can be found in
Chapter 2 and Annex C.
Chapter 1
Administration
1.1* Scope.
1.1.1 This standard deals with the selection and installation
of pumps supplying liquid for private fire protection.
1.1.2 The scope of this document shall include liquid supplies; suction, discharge, and auxiliary equipment; power supplies, including power supply arrangements; electric drive and
control; diesel engine drive and control; steam turbine drive
and control; and acceptance tests and operation.
1.1.3 This standard does not cover system liquid supply capacity and pressure requirements, nor does it cover requirements for periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance of
fire pump systems.
1.1.4 This standard does not cover the requirements for installation wiring of fire pump units.
2010 Edition
1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide a reasonable degree of protection for life and property from fire
through installation requirements for stationary pumps for
fire protection based upon sound engineering principles, test
data, and field experience.
1.3 Application.
1.3.1 This standard shall apply to centrifugal single-stage
and multistage pumps of the horizontal or vertical shaft
design and positive displacement pumps of the horizontal
or vertical shaft design.
1.3.2 Requirements are established for the design and installation of single-stage and multistage pumps, pump drivers,
and associated equipment.
1.4 Retroactivity. The provisions of this standard reflect a consensus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable degree of
protection from the hazards addressed in this standard at the
time the standard was issued.
1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this standard shall not apply to facilities, equipment, structures, or
installations that existed or were approved for construction
or installation prior to the effective date of the standard.
Where specified, the provisions of this standard shall be
retroactive.
1.4.2 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction
determines that the existing situation presents an unacceptable degree of risk, the authority having jurisdiction shall be
permitted to apply retroactively any portions of this standard
deemed appropriate.
1.4.3 The retroactive requirements of this standard shall be
permitted to be modified if their application clearly would be
impractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction, and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonable
degree of safety is provided.
1.5 Equivalency. Nothing in this standard is intended to
prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this
standard.
1.5.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency.
1.5.2 The system, method, or device shall be approved for the
intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.
1.6 Units.
1.6.1 Metric units of measurement in this standard are in
accordance with the modernized metric system known as the
International System of Units (SI).
1.6.2 Liter and bar in this standard are outside of but recognized by SI.
1.6.3 Units are listed in Table 1.6.3 with conversion factors.
1.6.4 Conversion. The conversion procedure is to multiply
the quantity by the conversion factor and then round the result to an appropriate number of significant digits.
1.6.5 Trade Sizes. Where industry utilizes nominal dimensions to represent materials, products, or performance, direct
conversions have not been utilized and appropriate trade sizes
have been included.
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NFPA 20
20–7
DEFINITIONS
ANSI/IEEE C62.11, IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits (>1 kV), 2005.
Name of Unit
Unit
Abbreviation
Meter(s)
Foot (feet)
Millimeter(s)
Inch(es)
Liter(s)
Gallon(s) (U.S.)
Cubic
decimeter(s)
Cubic meter(s)
Cubic foot (feet)
Pascal(s)
Pound(s) per
square inch
Bar
m
ft
mm
in.
L
gal
dm3
3
m
ft3
Pa
psi
bar
Conversion Factor
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 m = 3.281 ft
1 in. = 25.4 mm
1 mm = 0.03937 in.
1 gal = 3.785 L
1 L = 0.2642 gal
1 gal = 3.785 dm3
3
3
1 ft = 0.0283 m
1 m3 = 35.31 ft3
1 psi = 6894.757 Pa;
1 bar = 105 Pa
1 Pa = 0.000145 psi;
1 bar = 14.5 psi
1 Pa = 10−5 bar;
1 psi = 0.0689 bar
ANSI/IEEE C62.41, IEEE Recommended Practice for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits, 1991.
2.3.3 HI Publications. Hydraulic Institute, 6 Campus Drive,
First Floor North, Parsippany, NJ 07054-4406..
Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps, 14th edition, 1983.
HI 3.6, Rotary Pump Tests, 1994.
2.3.4 IEEE Publications. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Three Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY
10016-5997.
IEEE/ASTM SI10, Standard for Use of the International System
of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System, 2003.
2.3.5 NEMA Publications. National Electrical Manufacturers
Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA
22209.
NEMA MG-1, Motors and Generators, 1998.
Note: For additional conversions and information, see IEEE/ASTM
SI10, Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern
Metric System.
2.3.6 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333
Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.
ANSI/UL 142, Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 2006.
Chapter 2
Referenced Publications
2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this
chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.
2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association,
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010
edition.
NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection,
2008 edition.
NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service
Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2010 edition.
NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, 2008 edition.
NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary
Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, 2006 edition.
NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2009 edition.
NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2008 edition.
NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2009 edition.
NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems,
2010 edition.
NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections, 2009 edition.
2.3 Other Publications.
2.3.1 AGMA Publications. American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, VA 22314-2730.
AGMA 390.03, Handbook for Helical and Master Gears, 1995.
ANSI/UL 508, Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, 2005.
2.3.7 Other Publications.
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, MerriamWebster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.
NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose
Systems, 2007 edition.
NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems,
2010 edition.
NFPA 1451, Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program, 2007 edition.
NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2009
edition.
Chapter 3
Definitions
3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall
apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not
defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall
be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within
the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate
Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily
accepted meaning.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
2.3.2 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
ANSI B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus, 2000.
3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization,
office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment,
materials, an installation, or a procedure.
ANSI/IEEE C62.1, IEEE Standard for Gapped Silicon-Carbide
Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits, 1989.
2010 Edition
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Table 1.6.3 System of Units
20–8
3.2.3* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a
list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products
or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of
listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services,
and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or
service meets appropriate designated standards or has been
tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
3.2.4 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
3.2.5 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is
advised but not required.
3.2.6 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains
only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate
requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for
mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an
appendix or annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to
be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.
3.3 General Definitions.
3.3.1 Additive. A liquid such as foam concentrates, emulsifiers, and hazardous vapor suppression liquids and foaming
agents intended to be injected into the water stream at or
above the water pressure.
3.3.2 Aquifer. An underground formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water.
3.3.3 Aquifer Performance Analysis. A test designed to determine the amount of underground water available in a given field
and proper well spacing to avoid interference in that field. Basically, test results provide information concerning transmissibility
and storage coefficient (available volume of water) of the aquifer.
3.3.4 Automatic Transfer Switch. See 3.3.48.2.1.
3.3.5 Branch Circuit. See 3.3.7.1.
3.3.6 Break Tank. A tank providing suction to a fire pump
whose capacity is less than the fire protection demand (flow
rate times flow duration).
3.3.7 Circuit.
3.3.7.1 Branch Circuit. The circuit conductors between
the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the
outlet(s). [70: Art. 100]
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3.3.7.2 Fault Tolerant External Control Circuit. Those control circuits either entering or leaving the fire pump controller enclosure, which if broken, disconnected, or shorted will
not prevent the controller from starting the fire pump from
all other internal or external means and can cause the controller to start the pump under these conditions.
3.3.8 Circulation Relief Valve. See 3.3.55.5.1.
3.3.9 Corrosion-Resistant Material. Materials such as brass,
copper, Monel®, stainless steel, or other equivalent corrosionresistant materials.
3.3.10 Diesel Engine. See 3.3.13.1.
3.3.11 Disconnecting Means. A device, or group of devices, or
other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. [70: Art. 100]
3.3.12 Drawdown. The vertical difference between the
pumping water level and the static water level.
2010 Edition
3.3.13 Engine.
3.3.13.1 Diesel Engine. An internal combustion engine in
which the fuel is ignited entirely by the heat resulting from
the compression of the air supplied for combustion. The
oil-diesel engine, which operates on fuel oil injected after
compression is practically completed, is the type usually
used as a fire pump driver.
3.3.13.2 Internal Combustion Engine. Any engine in which
the working medium consists of the products of combustion of the air and fuel supplied. This combustion usually is
effected within the working cylinder but can take place in
an external chamber.
3.3.14 Fault Tolerant External Control Circuit. See 3.3.7.2.
3.3.15 Feeder. All circuit conductors between the service
equipment, the source of a separately derived system, or other
power supply source and the final branch-circuit overcurrent
device. [70: Art. 100]
3.3.16 Fire Pump Alarm. A supervisory signal indicating an
abnormal condition requiring immediate attention.
3.3.17 Fire Pump Controller. A group of devices that serve to
govern, in some predetermined manner, the starting and stopping of the fire pump driver and to monitor and signal the
status and condition of the fire pump unit.
3.3.18 Fire Pump Unit. An assembled unit consisting of a fire
pump, driver, controller, and accessories.
3.3.19 Flexible Connecting Shaft. A device that incorporates
two flexible joints and a telescoping element.
3.3.20 Flexible Coupling. A device used to connect the
shafts or other torque-transmitting components from a
driver to the pump, and that permits minor angular and
parallel misalignment as restricted by both the pump and
coupling manufacturers.
3.3.21 Flooded Suction. The condition where water flows
from an atmospheric vented source to the pump without the
average pressure at the pump inlet flange dropping below atmospheric pressure with the pump operating at 150 percent
of its rated capacity.
3.3.22 Groundwater. That water that is available from a well,
driven into water-bearing subsurface strata (aquifer).
3.3.23* Head. A quantity used to express a form (or combination of forms) of the energy content of water per unit weight
of the water referred to any arbitrary datum.
3.3.23.1 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) (hsv). The total
suction head in feet (meters) of liquid absolute, determined at the suction nozzle, and referred to datum, less the
vapor pressure of the liquid in feet (meters) absolute.
3.3.23.2 Total Discharge Head (hd). The reading of a pressure gauge at the discharge of the pump, converted to feet
(meters) of liquid, and referred to datum, plus the velocity
head at the point of gauge attachment.
3.3.23.3 Total Head.
3.3.23.3.1* Total Head (H), Horizontal Pumps. The measure
of the work increase, per pound (kilogram) of liquid, imparted to the liquid by the pump, and therefore the algebraic
difference between the total discharge head and the total suction head. Total head, as determined on test where suction lift
exists, is the sum of the total discharge head and total suction
DEFINITIONS
3.3.23.3.2* Total Head (H), Vertical Turbine Pumps. The distance from the pumping liquid level to the center of the
discharge gauge plus the total discharge head.
3.3.23.4 Total Rated Head. The total head developed at
rated capacity and rated speed for either a horizontal splitcase or a vertical shaft turbine–type pump.
3.3.32.4 Electric Motor. A motor that is classified according to mechanical protection and methods of cooling.
3.3.23.5 Total Suction Head. Suction head exists where the
total suction head is above atmospheric pressure. Total suction head, as determined on test, is the reading of a gauge
at the suction of the pump, converted to feet (meters) of
liquid, and referred to datum, plus the velocity head at the
point of gauge attachment.
3.3.32.5 Explosionproof Motor. A totally enclosed motor
whose enclosure is designed and constructed to withstand
an explosion of a specified gas or vapor that could occur
within it and to prevent the ignition of the specified gas or
vapor surrounding the motor by sparks, flashes, or explosions of the specified gas or vapor that could occur within
the motor casing.
3.3.23.6* Velocity Head (hv). Figured from the average velocity (v) obtained by dividing the flow in cubic feet per
second (cubic meters per second) by the actual area of
pipe cross section in square feet (square meters) and determined at the point of the gauge connection.
3.3.24 High-Rise Building. A building where the floor of an
occupiable story is greater than 75 ft (23 m) above the lowest
level of fire department vehicle access. [5000, 2009]
3.3.25 Internal Combustion Engine. See 3.3.13.2.
3.3.26 Isolating Switch. See 3.3.48.1.
3.3.27 Liquid. For the purposes of this standard, liquid refers
to water, foam-water solution, foam concentrates, water additives, or other liquids for fire protection purposes.
3.3.28 Liquid Level.
3.3.28.1 Pumping Liquid Level. The level, with respect to
the pump, of the body of liquid from which it takes suction
when the pump is in operation. Measurements are made
the same as with the static liquid level.
3.3.28.2 Static Liquid Level. The level, with respect to the
pump, of the body of liquid from which it takes suction when
the pump is not in operation. For vertical shaft turbine–type
pumps, the distance to the liquid level is measured vertically
from the horizontal centerline of the discharge head or tee.
3.3.29 Loss of Phase. The loss of one or more, but not all,
phases of the polyphase power source.
3.3.30 Manual Transfer Switch. See 3.3.48.2.2.
3.3.31 Maximum Pump Brake Horsepower. The maximum
brake horsepower required to drive the pump at rated speed.
The pump manufacturer determines this by shop test under
expected suction and discharge conditions. Actual field conditions can vary from shop conditions.
3.3.32 Motor.
ner that will exclude ignitible amounts of dust or amounts
that might affect performance or rating and that will not
permit arcs, sparks, or heat otherwise generated or liberated inside of the enclosure to cause ignition of exterior
accumulations or atmospheric suspensions of a specific
dust on or in the vicinity of the enclosure.
3.3.32.6 Guarded Motor. An open motor in which all
openings giving direct access to live metal or rotating parts
(except smooth rotating surfaces) are limited in size by the
structural parts or by screens, baffles, grilles, expanded
metal, or other means to prevent accidental contact with
hazardous parts. Openings giving direct access to such live
or rotating parts shall not permit the passage of a cylindrical rod 0.75 in. (19 mm) in diameter.
3.3.32.7 Open Motor. A motor having ventilating openings
that permit passage of external cooling air over and around
the windings of the motor. Where applied to large apparatus without qualification, the term designates a motor having no restriction to ventilation other than that necessitated by mechanical construction.
3.3.32.8 Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Motor. A totally enclosed motor equipped for exterior cooling by means of a fan
or fans integral with the motor but external to the enclosing
parts.
3.3.32.9 Totally Enclosed Motor. A motor enclosed so as to
prevent the free exchange of air between the inside and
the outside of the case but not sufficiently enclosed to be
termed airtight.
3.3.32.10 Totally Enclosed Nonventilated Motor. A totally enclosed motor that is not equipped for cooling by means
external to the enclosing parts.
3.3.33 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) (hsv). See 3.3.23.1.
3.3.34 On-Site Power Production Facility. The normal supply
of electric power for the site that is expected to be constantly
producing power.
3.3.35 On-Site Standby Generator. A facility producing electric power on site as the alternate supply of electrical power. It
differs from an on-site power production facility in that it is
not constantly producing power.
3.3.32.1 Dripproof Guarded Motor. A dripproof machine
whose ventilating openings are guarded in accordance
with the definition for dripproof motor.
3.3.36 Pressure-Regulating Device. A device designed for the
purpose of reducing, regulating, controlling, or restricting water pressure. [14, 2007]
3.3.32.2 Dripproof Motor. An open motor in which the ventilating openings are so constructed that successful operation
is not interfered with when drops of liquid or solid particles
strike or enter the enclosure at any angle from 0 to 15 degrees
downward from the vertical.
3.3.37 Pump.
3.3.32.3 Dust-Ignition-Proof Motor. A totally enclosed motor whose enclosure is designed and constructed in a man-
3.3.37.1 Additive Pump. A pump that is used to inject additives into the water stream.
3.3.37.2 Can Pump. A vertical shaft turbine–type pump in
a can (suction vessel) for installation in a pipeline to raise
water pressure.
2010 Edition
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lift. Where positive suction head exists, the total head is the
total discharge head minus the total suction head.
20–9
3.3.37.3 Centrifugal Pump. A pump in which the pressure
is developed principally by the action of centrifugal force.
3.3.37.4 End Suction Pump. A single suction pump having
its suction nozzle on the opposite side of the casing from
the stuffing box and having the face of the suction nozzle
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.
3.3.37.5 Fire Pump. A pump that is a provider of liquid
flow and pressure dedicated to fire protection.
3.3.37.6 Foam Concentrate Pump.
Pump.
See 3.3.37.1, Additive
3.3.37.7 Gear Pump. A positive displacement pump characterized by the use of gear teeth and casing to displace
liquid.
3.3.37.8 Horizontal Pump. A pump with the shaft normally
in a horizontal position.
3.3.37.9 Horizontal Split-Case Pump. A centrifugal pump
characterized by a housing that is split parallel to the shaft.
3.3.37.10 In-Line Pump. A centrifugal pump whose drive
unit is supported by the pump having its suction and discharge flanges on approximately the same centerline.
3.3.37.11 Packaged Fire Pump Assembly. Fire pump unit
components assembled at a packaging facility and shipped as
a unit to the installation site. The scope of listed components
(where required to be listed by this standard) in a preassembled package includes the pump, driver, controller, and
other accessories identified by the packager assembled onto a
base with or without an enclosure.
3.3.37.12 Piston Plunger Pump. A positive displacement
pump characterized by the use of a piston or plunger and a
cylinder to displace liquid.
3.3.40 Series Fire Pump Unit. All fire pump units that operate
in a series arrangement where the first fire pump takes suction
directly from a water supply and each sequential pump takes
suction from the preceding pump; pumps taking suction from
tanks or break tanks are not considered series fire pump units
even if fire pumps at lower elevations are used to refill the
tanks or break tanks.
3.3.41* Service. The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system
of the premises served. [70: Art. 100]
3.3.42* Service Equipment. The necessary equipment, usually
consisting of a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) and fuse(s) and
their accessories, connected to the load end of service conductors to a building or other structure, or an otherwise designated area, and intended to constitute the main control and
cutoff of the supply. [70: Art. 100]
3.3.43 Service Factor. A multiplier of an ac motor that, when
applied to the rated horsepower, indicates a permissible
horsepower loading that can be carried at the rated voltage,
frequency, and temperature. For example, the multiplier
1.15 indicates that the motor is permitted to be overloaded to
1.15 times the rated horsepower.
3.3.44 Set Pressure. As applied to variable speed pressure
limiting control systems, the pressure that the variable speed
pressure limiting control system is set to maintain.
3.3.45* Signal. An indicator of status.
3.3.46 Speed.
3.3.37.13 Positive Displacement Pump. A pump that is characterized by a method of producing flow by capturing a specific volume of fluid per pump revolution and reducing the
fluid void by a mechanical means to displace the pumping
fluid.
3.3.46.1 Engine Speed. The speed indicated on the engine
nameplate.
3.3.37.14 Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pump.
A pump designed to maintain the pressure on the fire protection system(s) between preset limits when the system is
not flowing water.
3.3.46.3 Rated Speed. The speed for which the fire pump
is listed and that appears on the fire pump nameplate.
3.3.37.15 Rotary Lobe Pump. A positive displacement
pump characterized by the use of a rotor lobe to carry fluid
between the lobe void and the pump casing from the inlet
to the outlet.
3.3.37.16 Rotary Vane Pump. A positive displacement pump
characterized by the use of a single rotor with vanes that move
with pump rotation to create a void and displace liquid.
and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, has demonstrated the ability to deal with problems related to the subject
matter, the work, or the project. [1451, 2007]
3.3.37.17 Vertical Lineshaft Turbine Pump. A vertical shaft
centrifugal pump with rotating impeller or impellers and
with discharge from the pumping element coaxial with the
shaft. The pumping element is suspended by the conductor system, which encloses a system of vertical shafting used
to transmit power to the impellers, the prime mover being
external to the flow stream.
3.3.38 Pumping Liquid Level. See 3.3.28.1.
3.3.39 Qualified Person. A person who, by possession of a
recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill,
2010 Edition
3.3.46.2 Motor Speed. The speed indicated on the motor
nameplate.
3.3.47 Static Liquid Level. See 3.3.28.2.
3.3.48 Switch.
3.3.48.1 Isolating Switch. A switch intended for isolating an
electric circuit from its source of power. It has no interrupting
rating, and it is intended to be operated only after the circuit
has been opened by some other means.
3.3.48.2 Transfer Switch.
3.3.48.2.1 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). Self-acting
equipment for transferring the connected load from one
power source to another power source. [110, 2010]
3.3.48.2.2 Manual Transfer Switch. A switch operated by
direct manpower for transferring one or more load conductor connections from one power source to another.
3.3.49 Total Discharge Head (hd). See 3.3.23.2.
3.3.50 Total Head (H), Horizontal Pumps. See 3.3.23.3.1.
3.3.51 Total Head (H), Vertical Turbine Pumps. See 3.3.23.3.2.
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20–10
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.3.53 Total Suction Head (hs). See 3.3.23.5.
3.3.54 Total Suction Lift (hl). Suction lift that exists where the
total suction head is below atmospheric pressure. Total suction lift, as determined on test, is the reading of a liquid manometer at the suction nozzle of the pump, converted to feet
(meters) of liquid, and referred to datum, minus the velocity
head at the point of gauge attachment.
3.3.55 Valve.
3.3.55.1 Dump Valve. An automatic valve installed on the
discharge side of a positive displacement pump to relieve
pressure prior to the pump driver reaching operating speed.
3.3.55.2 Low Suction Throttling Valve. A pilot-operated
valve installed in discharge piping that maintains positive
pressure in the suction piping, while monitoring pressure
in the suction piping through a sensing line.
3.3.55.3 Pressure Control Valve. A pilot-operated pressurereducing valve designed for the purpose of reducing the
downstream water pressure to a specific value under
both flowing (residual) and nonflowing (static) conditions. [14, 2007]
3.3.55.4 Pressure-Reducing Valve. A valve designed for the
purpose of reducing the downstream water pressure under
both flowing (residual) and nonflowing (static) conditions.
[14, 2007]
3.3.55.5 Relief Valve. A device that allows the diversion of
liquid to limit excess pressure in a system.
3.3.55.5.1 Circulation Relief Valve. A valve used to cool a
pump by discharging a small quantity of water, this valve is
separate from and independent of the main relief valve.
3.3.55.6 Unloader Valve. A valve that is designed to relieve
excess flow below pump capacity at set pump pressure.
3.3.56 Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control. A speed control system used to limit the total discharge pressure by reducing the pump driver speed from rated speed.
3.3.57 Variable Speed Suction Limiting Control. A speed control system used to maintain a minimum positive suction
pressure at the pump inlet by reducing the pump driver
speed while monitoring pressure in the suction piping
through a sensing line.
3.3.58 Velocity Head (hv). See 3.3.23.6.
3.3.59 Wet Pit. A timber, concrete, or masonry enclosure having a screened inlet kept partially filled with water by an open
body of water such as a pond, lake, or stream.
Chapter 4
General Requirements
4.1 Pumps.
4.1.1 This standard shall apply to centrifugal single-stage and
multistage pumps of the horizontal or vertical shaft design
and positive displacement pumps of the horizontal or vertical
shaft design.
4.1.2 Other Pumps.
4.1.2.1 Pumps other than those specified in this standard and
having different design features shall be permitted to be installed where such pumps are listed by a testing laboratory.
4.1.2.2 These pumps shall be limited to capacities of less than
500 gpm (1892 L/min).
4.2* Approval Required.
4.2.1 Stationary pumps shall be selected based on the conditions under which they are to be installed and used.
4.2.2 The pump manufacturer or its authorized representative shall be given complete information concerning the liquid and power supply characteristics.
4.2.3 A complete plan and detailed data describing pump,
driver, controller, power supply, fittings, suction and discharge
connections, and liquid supply conditions shall be prepared
for approval.
4.2.4 Each pump, driver, controlling equipment, power supply and arrangement, and liquid supply shall be approved by
the authority having jurisdiction for the specific field conditions encountered.
4.3 Pump Operation.
4.3.1 In the event of fire pump operation, qualified personnel shall respond to the fire pump location to determine that
the fire pump is operating in a satisfactory manner.
4.3.2 System Designer. The system designer shall be identified on the system design documents. Acceptable minimum
evidence of qualifications or certification shall be provided
when requested by the authority having jurisdiction. Qualified
personnel shall include, but not be limited to, one or more of
the following:
(1) Personnel who are factory trained and certified for fire
pump system design of the specific type and brand of system being designed
(2)*Personnel who are certified by a nationally recognized
fire protection certification organization acceptable to
the authority having jurisdiction
(3) Personnel who are registered, licensed, or certified by a
state or local authority
4.3.2.1 Additional evidence of qualification or certification
shall be permitted to be required by the AHJ.
4.3.3 System Installer. Installation personnel shall be qualified or shall be supervised by persons who are qualified in the
installation, inspection, and testing of fire protection systems.
Minimum evidence of qualifications or certification shall be
provided when requested by the authority having jurisdiction.
Qualified personnel shall include, but not be limited to, one
or more of the following:
pump system designed of the specific type and brand of
system being designed
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3.3.52 Total Rated Head. See 3.3.23.4.
20–11
20–12
4.3.4* Service Personnel Qualifications and Experience.
4.3.4.1 Service personnel shall be qualified and experienced
in the inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection
systems. Qualified personnel shall include, but not be limited
to, one or more of the following:
pump system design of the specific type and brand of system being designed
(4) Personnel who are employed and qualified by an organization listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory
for the servicing of fire protection systems
4.4 Fire Pump Unit Performance.
4.4.1* The fire pump unit, consisting of a pump, driver, and
controller, shall perform in compliance with this standard as
an entire unit when installed or when components have been
replaced.
4.6.2.4 For liquids other than water, the liquid source for the
pump shall be adequate to supply the maximum required flow
rate for any simultaneous demands for the required duration
and the required number of discharges.
4.6.3 Level. The minimum water level of a well or wet pit shall
be determined by pumping at not less than 150 percent of the
fire pump rated capacity.
4.6.4* Stored Supply.
4.6.4.1 A stored supply plus reliable automatic refill shall be
sufficient to meet the demand placed upon it for the design
duration.
4.6.4.2 A reliable method of replenishing the supply shall be
provided.
4.6.5 Head.
4.6.5.1 Except as provided in 4.6.5.2, the head available
from a water supply shall be figured on the basis of a flow of
150 percent of rated capacity of the fire pump.
4.5 Certified Shop Test.
4.6.5.3 This head shall be as indicated by a flow test.
4.5.1 Certified shop test curves showing head capacity and
brake horsepower of the pump shall be furnished by the
manufacturer to the purchaser.
4.7 Pumps, Drivers, and Controllers.
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4.4.2 The complete fire pump unit shall be field acceptance
tested for proper performance in accordance with the provisions of this standard. (See Section 14.2.)
4.6.5.2 Where the water supply cannot provide a flow of
150 percent of the rated flow of the pump, but the water supply can provide the flow demand of the fire protection system,
the head available from the water supply shall be permitted to
be calculated on the basis of the maximum flow available as
allowed by 4.6.2.3.1.
4.5.2 The purchaser shall furnish the data required in 4.5.1
to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.6 Liquid Supplies.
4.6.1* Reliability. The adequacy and dependability of the water source are of primary importance and shall be fully determined, with due allowance for its reliability in the future.
4.6.2* Sources.
4.6.2.1 Any source of water that is adequate in quality, quantity, and pressure shall be permitted to provide the supply for a
fire pump.
4.6.2.2 Where the water supply from a public service main is
not adequate in quality, quantity, or pressure, an alternative
water source shall be provided.
fire pump is allowed to be tested at and also indicating the
required flow rate.
4.7.1* Fire pumps shall be dedicated to and listed for fire protection service.
4.7.2 Acceptable drivers for pumps at a single installation
shall be electric motors, diesel engines, steam turbines, or a
combination thereof.
4.7.3* A pump shall not be equipped with more than one driver.
4.7.4 Each fire pump shall have its own dedicated driver unless otherwise permitted in 8.5.3.1.
4.7.5 Each driver shall have its own dedicated controller.
4.7.6* The driver shall be selected in accordance with 9.5.2 (electric motors), 11.2.2 (diesel engines), or 13.1.2 (steam turbines)
to provide the required power to operate the pump at rated
speed and maximum pump load under any flow condition.
4.7.7* Maximum Pressure for Centrifugal Pumps.
4.6.2.3 The adequacy of the water supply shall be determined
and evaluated prior to the specification and installation of the
fire pump.
4.7.7.1 The net pump shutoff (churn) pressure plus the maximum static suction pressure, adjusted for elevation, shall not exceed the pressure for which the system components are rated.
4.6.2.3.1 Where the maximum flow available from the water
supply cannot provide a flow of 150 percent of the rated flow
of the pump, but the water supply can provide the greater of
100 percent of rated flow or the maximum flow demand of the
fire protection system(s), the water supply shall be deemed to
be adequate. In this case, the maximum flow shall be considered the highest flow that the water supply can achieve.
4.7.7.2* Pressure relief valves and pressure regulating devices
in the fire pump installation shall not be used as a means to
meet the requirements of 4.7.7.1.
4.6.2.3.2 Where the water supply cannot provide 150 percent
of the rated flow of the pump, a placard shall be placed in the
pump room indicating the minimum suction pressure that the
2010 Edition
4.7.7.3 Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control.
4.7.7.3.1 Variable speed pressure limiting control drivers, as
defined in this standard, shall be acceptable to limit system
pressure.
4.7.7.3.2* The set pressure plus the maximum pressure variance of the variable speed pressure limiting controlled systems
20–13
4.8* Centrifugal Fire Pump Capacities.
4.8.1 A centrifugal fire pump for fire protection shall be selected so that the greatest single demand for any fire protection system connected to the pump is less than or equal to
150 percent of the rated capacity (flow) of the pump.
4.8.2* Centrifugal fire pumps shall have one of the rated capacities in gpm (L/min) identified in Table 4.8.2 and shall be
rated at net pressures of 40 psi (2.7 bar) or more.
Table 4.8.2 Centrifugal Fire Pump Capacities
gpm
L/min
gpm
L/min
25
50
100
150
200
250
300
400
450
500
750
95
189
379
568
757
946
1,136
1,514
1,703
1,892
2,839
1,000
1,250
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
3,785
4,731
5,677
7,570
9,462
11,355
13,247
15,140
17,032
18,925
4.10.2.4 The requirements of 4.10.2 shall not apply to vertical
shaft turbine–type pumps taking suction from a well or open
wet pit.
4.11 Circulation Relief Valve.
4.11.1 Automatic Relief Valve.
4.11.1.1 Unless the requirements of 4.11.1.7 are met, each
pump(s) shall have an automatic relief valve listed for the fire
pump service installed and set below the shutoff pressure at
minimum expected suction pressure.
4.11.1.2 The valve shall be installed on the discharge side of
the pump before the discharge check valve.
4.11.1.3 The valve shall provide flow of sufficient water to
prevent the pump from overheating when operating with no
discharge.
4.11.1.4 Provisions shall be made for discharge to a drain.
4.11.1.5 Circulation relief valves shall not be tied in with the
packing box or drip rim drains.
4.11.1.6 The automatic relief valve shall have a nominal size
of 0.75 in. (19 mm) for pumps with a rated capacity not exceeding 2500 gpm (9462 L/min) and have a nominal size of
1 in. (25 mm) for pumps with a rated capacity of 3000 gpm to
5000 gpm (11,355 L/min to 18,925 L/min).
4.11.1.7 The requirements of 4.11.1 shall not apply to enginedriven pumps for which engine cooling water is taken from
the pump discharge.
4.12* Equipment Protection.
4.8.3 Centrifugal fire pumps with ratings over 5000 gpm
(18,925 L/min) shall be subject to individual review by either
the authority having jurisdiction or a listing laboratory.
4.9 Nameplate. Pumps shall be provided with a nameplate.
4.10 Pressure Gauges.
4.10.1 Discharge.
4.10.1.1 A pressure gauge having a dial not less than 3.5 in.
(89 mm) in diameter shall be connected near the discharge
casting with a nominal 0.25 in. (6 mm) gauge valve.
4.10.1.2 The dial shall indicate pressure to at least twice the
rated working pressure of the pump but not less than 200 psi
(13.8 bar).
4.10.1.3 The face of the dial shall read in bar, pounds per
square inch, or both with the manufacturer’s standard graduations.
4.10.2* Suction.
4.10.2.1 Unless the requirements of 4.10.2.4 are met, a gauge
having a dial not less than 3.5 in. (89 mm) in diameter shall be
connected to the suction pipe near the pump with a nominal
0.25 in. (6 mm) gauge valve.
4.10.2.1.1 Where the minimum pump suction pressure is below 20 psi (1.3 bar) under any flow condition, the suction
gauge shall be a compound pressure and vacuum gauge.
4.10.2.2 The face of the dial shall read in inches of mercury
(millimeters of mercury) or psi (bar) for the suction range.
4.10.2.3 The gauge shall have a pressure range two times the
rated maximum suction pressure of the pump.
4.12.1* General Requirements. The fire pump, driver, controller, water supply, and power supply shall be protected against
possible interruption of service through damage caused by explosion, fire, flood, earthquake, rodents, insects, windstorm,
freezing, vandalism, and other adverse conditions.
4.12.1.1* Indoor Fire Pump Units.
4.12.1.1.1 Fire pump units serving high-rise buildings shall
be protected from surrounding occupancies by a minimum of
2-hour fire-rated construction or physically separated from the
protected building by a minimum of 50 ft (15.3 m).
4.12.1.1.2 Indoor fire pump rooms in non-high-rise buildings or in separate fire pump buildings shall be physically
separated or protected by fire-rated construction in accordance with Table 4.12.1.1.2.
4.12.1.1.3 The location of and access to the fire pump room
shall be preplanned with the fire department.
Table 4.12.1.1.2 Equipment Protection
Pump
Room/House
Building(s)
Exposing Pump
Room/House
Required
Separation
Not sprinklered
Not sprinklered
Fully sprinklered
Not sprinklered
Fully sprinklered
Not sprinklered
2 hour fire-rated
or
50 ft (15.3 m)
Fully sprinklered
Fully sprinklered
1 hour fire-rated
or
50 ft (15.3 m)
2010 Edition
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during variable speed operation and adjusted for elevation
shall not exceed the pressure rating of any system component.
4.12.1.1.4* Except as permitted in 4.12.1.1.5, rooms containing fire pumps shall be free from storage, equipment, and
penetrations not essential to the operation of the pump and
related components.
4.12.1.1.5 Equipment related to domestic water distribution shall be permitted to be located within the same room
as the fire pump equipment.
4.12.1.2 Outdoor Fire Pump Units.
4.13.1* Steel Pipe.
4.13.1.1 Steel pipe shall be used aboveground except for connection to underground suction and underground discharge
piping.
4.13.1.2 Where corrosive water conditions exist, steel suction
pipe shall be galvanized or painted on the inside prior to installation with a paint recommended for submerged surfaces.
4.12.1.2.1 Fire pump units that are outdoors shall be located
at least 50 ft (15.3 m) away from any buildings and other fire
exposures exposing the building.
4.13.1.3 Thick bituminous linings shall not be used.
4.12.1.2.2 Outdoor installations shall be required to be provided with protection against possible interruption, in accordance with 4.12.1.
4.13.2.1 Sections of steel piping shall be joined by means of
screwed, flanged mechanical grooved joints or other approved fittings.
4.12.1.3 Fire Pump Buildings or Rooms with Diesel Engines.
Fire pump buildings or rooms enclosing diesel engine pump
drivers and day tanks shall be protected with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
4.13.2.2 Slip-type fittings shall be permitted to be used where
installed as required by 4.14.6 and where the piping is mechanically secured to prevent slippage.
4.13.2* Joining Method.
4.13.3 Concentrate and Additive Piping.
4.12.2 Equipment Access.
4.13.3.1 Foam concentrate or additive piping shall be a material that will not corrode in this service.
4.12.2.1 Access to the fire pump room shall be pre-planned
with the fire department.
4.13.3.2 Galvanized pipe shall not be used for foam concentrate service.
4.12.2.1.1 Fire pump rooms not directly accessible from the
outside shall be accessible through an enclosed passageway
from an enclosed stairway or exterior exit. The enclosed passageway shall have a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance rating.
4.13.4 Drain Piping. Drain pipe and its fittings that discharge
to atmosphere shall be permitted to be constructed of metallic
or polymeric materials.
4.12.3 Heat.
4.12.3.1 An approved or listed source of heat shall be provided for maintaining the temperature of a pump room or
pump house, where required, above 40°F (5°C).
4.12.3.2 The requirements of 11.6.5 shall be followed for
higher temperature requirements for internal combustion
engines.
4.12.4 Normal Lighting. Artificial light shall be provided in a
pump room or pump house.
4.13.5 Piping, Hangers, and Seismic Bracing. Pipe, fittings,
hangers, and seismic bracing for the fire pump unit, including
the suction and discharge piping, shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of
Sprinkler Systems.
4.13.6* Cutting and Welding. Torch cutting or welding in the
pump house shall be permitted as a means of modifying or
repairing pump house piping when it is performed in accordance with NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work.
4.14 Suction Pipe and Fittings.
4.12.5 Emergency Lighting.
4.14.1* Components.
4.12.5.1 Emergency lighting shall be provided in accordance
with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.
4.14.1.1 The suction components shall consist of all pipe,
valves, and fittings from the pump suction flange to the connection to the public or private water service main, storage
tank, or reservoir, and so forth, that feeds water to the pump.
4.12.5.2 Emergency lights shall not be connected to an engine starting battery.
4.12.6 Ventilation. Provision shall be made for ventilation of a
pump room or pump house.
4.12.7* Drainage.
4.13 Pipe and Fittings.
4.12.7.1 Floors shall be pitched for adequate drainage of escaping water away from critical equipment such as the pump,
driver, controller, and so forth.
4.12.7.2 The pump room or pump house shall be provided
with a floor drain that will discharge to a frost-free location.
4.12.8 Guards. Couplings and flexible connecting shafts
shall be installed with a coupling guard in accordance with
Section 8 of ANSI B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power
Transmission Apparatus.
2010 Edition
4.14.1.2 Where pumps are installed in series, the suction
pipe for the subsequent pump(s) shall begin at the system side
of the discharge valve of the previous pump.
4.14.2 Installation. Suction pipe shall be installed and tested
in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.
4.14.3 Suction Size.
4.14.3.1* Unless the requirements of 4.14.3.2 are met, the size
of the suction pipe for a single pump or of the suction header
pipe for multiple pumps (operating together) shall be such
that, with all pumps operating at maximum flow (150 percent
of rated capacity or the maximum flow available from the water supply as discussed in 4.6.2.3.1), the gauge pressure at the
pump suction flanges shall be 0 psi (0 bar) or higher.
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20–14
4.14.3.2 The requirements of 4.14.3.1 shall not apply where
the supply is a suction tank with its base at or above the same
elevation as the pump, where the gauge pressure at the pump
suction flange shall be permitted to drop to −3 psi (−0.2 bar)
with the lowest water level after the maximum system demand
and duration have been supplied.
4.14.3.3 The suction pipe shall be sized such that, with the
pump(s) operating at 150 percent of rated capacity, the velocity in that portion of the suction pipe located within 10 pipe
diameters upstream of the pump suction flange does not exceed 15 ft/sec (4.57 m/sec).
4.14.3.4 The size of that portion of the suction pipe located
within 10 pipe diameters upstream of the pump suction flange
shall be not less than that specified in Section 4.26.
4.14.4* Pumps with Bypass.
4.14.4.1 Where the suction supply is of sufficient pressure to
be of material value without the pump, the pump shall be
installed with a bypass. (See Figure A.4.14.4.)
4.14.4.2 The size of the bypass shall be at least as large as the
pipe size required for discharge pipe as specified in Section 4.26.
4.14.5* Valves.
4.14.5.1 A listed outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) gate valve
shall be installed in the suction pipe.
4.14.5.2 No valve other than a listed OS&Y valve shall be installed in the suction pipe within 50 ft (15.3 m) of the pump
suction flange.
4.14.7 Multiple Pumps. Where a single suction pipe supplies
more than one pump, the suction pipe layout at the pumps
shall be arranged so that each pump will receive its proportional supply.
4.14.8* Suction Screening.
4.14.8.1 Where the water supply is obtained from an open
source such as a pond or wet pit, the passage of materials that
might clog the pump shall be obstructed.
4.14.8.2 Double intake screens shall be provided at the suction intake.
4.14.8.3 Screens shall be removable, or an in situ cleaning
shall be provided.
4.14.8.4 Below minimum water level, these screens shall have
an effective net area of opening of 1 in.2 for each 1 gpm
(170 mm2 for each 1 L/min) at 150 percent of rated pump capacity.
4.14.8.5 Screens shall be so arranged that they can be
cleaned or repaired without disturbing the suction pipe.
4.14.8.6 Mesh screens shall be brass, copper, Monel, stainless
steel, or other equivalent corrosion-resistant metallic material
wire screen of 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) maximum mesh and No. 10
B&S gauge.
4.14.8.7 Where flat panel mesh screens are used, the wire
shall be secured to a metal frame sliding vertically at the entrance to the intake.
4.14.6* Installation.
4.14.8.8 Where the screens are located in a sump or depression, they shall be equipped with a debris-lifting rake.
4.14.6.1 General. Suction pipe shall be laid carefully to avoid
air leaks and air pockets, either of which can seriously affect
the operation of the pump.
4.14.8.9 Periodically, the system shall be test pumped, the
screens shall be removed for inspection, and accumulated debris shall be removed.
4.14.6.2 Freeze Protection.
4.14.8.10 Continuous slot screens shall be brass, copper,
Monel, stainless steel, or other equivalent corrosion-resistant
metallic material of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) maximum slot and
profile wire construction.
4.14.6.2.1 Suction pipe shall be installed below the frost line
or in frostproof casings.
4.14.6.2.2 Where pipe enters streams, ponds, or reservoirs,
special attention shall be given to prevent freezing either underground or underwater.
4.14.6.3 Elbows and Tees.
4.14.6.3.1 Unless the requirements of 4.14.6.3.2 are met, elbows and tees with a centerline plane parallel to a horizontal
split-case pump shaft shall not be permitted. (See Figure A.4.14.6.)
4.14.6.3.2 The requirements of 4.14.6.3.1 shall not apply to
elbows and tees with a centerline plane parallel to a horizontal
split-case pump shaft where the distance between the flanges
of the pump suction intake and the elbow and tee is greater
than 10 times the suction pipe diameter.
20–15
4.14.6.3.3 Elbows with a centerline plane perpendicular to
the horizontal split-case pump shaft shall be permitted at any
location in the pump suction intake.
4.14.6.4 Eccentric Tapered Reducer or Increaser. Where the
suction pipe and pump suction flange are not of the same size,
they shall be connected with an eccentric tapered reducer or
increaser installed in such a way as to avoid air pockets.
4.14.6.5 Strain Relief. Where the pump and its suction supply
are on separate foundations with rigid interconnecting pipe, the
pipe shall be provided with strain relief. (See Figure A.6.3.1(a).)
4.14.8.11 Screens shall have at least 62.5 percent open area.
4.14.8.12 Where zebra mussel infestation is present or reasonably anticipated at the site, the screens shall be constructed
of a material with demonstrated resistance to zebra mussel
attachment or coated with a material with demonstrated resistance to zebra mussel attachment at low velocities.
4.14.8.13 The overall area of the screen shall be 1.6 times the
net screen opening area. (See screen details in Figure A.7.2.2.2.)
4.14.9* Devices in Suction Piping.
4.14.9.1 No device or assembly, unless identified in 4.14.9.2,
that will stop, restrict the starting of, or restrict the discharge of a
fire pump or pump driver shall be installed in the suction piping.
4.14.9.2 The following devices shall be permitted in the suction piping where the following requirements are met:
(1) Check valves and backflow prevention devices and assemblies shall be permitted where required by other NFPA
standards or the authority having jurisdiction.
(2) Where the authority having jurisdiction requires positive
pressure to be maintained on the suction piping, a pressure sensing line for a low suction pressure control, specifically listed for fire pump service, shall be permitted to
be connected to the suction piping.
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2010 Edition
20–16
(3) Devices shall be permitted to be installed in the suction
supply piping or stored water supply and arranged to activate a signal if the pump suction pressure or water level
falls below a predetermined minimum.
(4) Suction strainers shall be permitted to be installed in the
suction piping where required by other sections of this
standard.
(5) Other devices specifically permitted or required by this
standard shall be permitted.
(2) Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an
audible signal at a constantly attended point
(3) Locking valves open
(4) Sealing of valves and approved weekly recorded inspection where valves are located within fenced enclosures under the control of the owner
4.14.10* Vortex Plate. For pump(s) taking suction from a
stored water supply, a vortex plate shall be installed at the
entrance to the suction pipe. [See Figure A.6.3.1(a).]
4.17* Protection of Piping Against Damage Due to Movement.
A clearance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) shall be provided
around pipes that pass through walls or floors.
4.15 Discharge Pipe and Fittings.
4.18 Relief Valves for Centrifugal Pumps.
4.15.1 The discharge components shall consist of pipe,
valves, and fittings extending from the pump discharge flange
to the system side of the discharge valve.
4.18.1* General.
4.15.2 The pressure rating of the discharge components shall
be adequate for the maximum total discharge head with the
pump operating at shutoff and rated speed but shall not be
less than the rating of the fire protection system.
4.15.3* Steel pipe with flanges, screwed joints, or mechanical
grooved joints shall be used above ground.
4.18.1.1 Where a diesel engine fire pump is installed and
where a total of 121 percent of the net rated shutoff (churn)
pressure plus the maximum static suction pressure, adjusted
for elevation, exceeds the pressure for which the system components are rated, a pressure relief valve shall be installed.
4.18.1.2* Pressure relief valves shall be used only where specifically permitted by this standard.
4.15.4 All pump discharge pipe shall be hydrostatically tested
in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of
Sprinkler Systems, and NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of
Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.
4.18.1.3 Where an electric variable speed pressure limiting
control driver is installed, and the maximum total discharge
head adjusted for elevation with the pump operating at shutoff and rated speed exceeds the pressure rating of the system
components, a pressure relief valve shall be installed.
4.15.5* The size of pump discharge pipe and fittings shall not
be less than that given in Section 4.26.
4.18.2 Size. The relief valve size shall be determined by one of
the methods specified in 4.18.2.1 or 4.18.2.2.
4.15.6* A listed check valve or backflow preventer shall be installed in the pump discharge assembly.
4.18.2.1* The relief valve shall be permitted to be sized hydraulically to discharge sufficient water to prevent the pump
discharge pressure, adjusted for elevation, from exceeding the
pressure rating of the system components.
4.15.7 A listed indicating gate or butterfly valve shall be installed on the fire protection system side of the pump discharge check valve.
4.15.8 Where pumps are installed in series, a butterfly valve
shall not be installed between pumps.
4.15.9 Low Suction Pressure Controls.
4.15.9.1 Low suction throttling valves or variable speed suction limiting controls for pump drivers that are listed for fire
pump service and that are suction pressure sensitive shall be
permitted where the authority having jurisdiction requires
positive pressure to be maintained on the suction piping.
4.15.9.2 When a low suction throttling valve is used, it shall
be installed according to manufacturers’ recommendations in
the piping between the pump and the discharge check valve.
4.15.9.3* The size of the low suction throttling valve shall not
be less than that given for discharge piping in Section 4.26.
4.16.2 Supervised Closed. The test outlet control valves shall
be supervised closed.
4.15.10* Pressure Regulating Devices. No pressure regulating
devices shall be installed in the discharge pipe except as permitted in this standard.
4.16* Valve Supervision.
4.18.2.2 If the relief valve is not sized hydraulically, the relief
valve size shall not be less than that given in Section 4.26.
(See also 4.18.7 and A.4.18.7 for conditions that affect size.)
4.18.3 Location. The relief valve shall be located between the
pump and the pump discharge check valve and shall be so
attached that it can be readily removed for repairs without
disturbing the piping.
4.18.4 Type.
4.18.4.1 Pressure relief valves shall be either a listed springloaded or a pilot-operated diaphragm type.
4.18.4.2 Pilot-operated pressure relief valves, where attached
to vertical shaft turbine pumps, shall be arranged to prevent
relieving of water at water pressures less than the pressure
relief setting of the valve.
4.18.5* Discharge.
4.18.5.1 The relief valve shall discharge into an open pipe or
into a cone or funnel secured to the outlet of the valve.
4.18.5.2 Water discharge from the relief valve shall be readily
visible or easily detectable by the pump operator.
4.16.1 Supervised Open. Where provided, the suction valve,
discharge valve, bypass valves, and isolation valves on the backflow prevention device or assembly shall be supervised open
by one of the following methods:
4.18.5.3 Splashing of water into the pump room shall be
avoided.
(1) Central station, proprietary, or remote station signaling
service
4.18.5.4 If a closed-type cone is used, it shall be provided with
means for detecting motion of water through the cone.
2010 Edition
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4.18.5.5 If the relief valve is provided with means for detecting motion (flow) of water through the valve, then cones or
funnels at its outlet shall not be required.
4.18.6 Discharge Piping.
4.18.6.1 Except as permitted in 4.18.6.2, the relief valve
discharge pipe shall be of a size not less than that given in
Section 4.26.
4.18.6.2 The discharge pipe shall be permitted to be sized
hydraulically to discharge sufficient water to prevent the
pump discharge pressure, adjusted for elevation, from exceeding the pressure rating of the system components.
4.18.6.2.1 If the pipe employs more than one elbow, the next
larger pipe size shall be used.
4.18.6.3 Relief valve discharge piping returning water back to
the supply source, such as an aboveground storage tank, shall
be run independently and not be combined with the discharge from other relief valves.
4.18.7* Discharge to Source of Supply. Where the relief valve
is piped back to the source of supply, the relief valve and piping shall have sufficient capacity to prevent pressure from exceeding that for which system components are rated.
at the maximum static suction supply, shall not exceed any
pump suction, discharge, or case working pressure rating.
4.20 Water Flow Test Devices.
4.20.1 General.
4.20.1.1* A fire pump installation shall be arranged to allow
the test of the pump at its rated conditions as well as the suction supply at the maximum flow available from the fire pump.
4.20.1.2* Where water usage or discharge is not permitted for
the duration of the test specified in Chapter 14, the outlet shall
be used to test the pump and suction supply and determine that
the system is operating in accordance with the design.
4.20.1.3 The flow shall continue until the flow has stabilized.
(See 14.2.5.4.)
4.20.1.4 Where a test header is installed, it shall be installed
on an exterior wall or in another location outside the pump
room that allows for water discharge during testing in accordance with 14.2.7.2.
4.20.2 Meters and Testing Devices.
4.20.2.1 Testing Devices.
4.18.7.1 Where a pressure relief valve has been piped back to
suction, a circulation relief valve sized in accordance with
4.11.1.6 and discharged to atmosphere shall be provided
downstream of the pressure relief valve.
4.20.2.1.1* Metering devices or fixed nozzles for pump testing
shall be listed.
4.18.8* Discharge to Suction Reservoir. Where the supply of
water to the pump is taken from a suction reservoir of limited
capacity, the drain pipe shall discharge into the reservoir at a
point as far from the pump suction as is necessary to prevent the
pump from drafting air introduced by the drain pipe discharge.
4.20.2.3 All of the meter system piping shall be permitted to
be sized hydraulically but shall not be smaller than as specified
by the meter manufacturer.
4.18.9 Shutoff Valve. A shutoff valve shall not be installed in
the relief valve supply or discharge piping.
4.19 Pumps Arranged in Series.
4.19.1 Series Fire Pump Unit Performance.
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4.19.1.1 A series fire pump unit (pumps, drivers, controllers,
and accessories) shall perform in compliance with this standard as an entire unit.
4.19.1.2 Within 20 seconds after a demand to start, pumps in
series shall supply and maintain a stable discharge pressure
(±10 percent) throughout the entire range of operation.
4.19.1.2.1 The discharge pressure shall be permitted to be adjusted and restabilized whenever the flow condition changes.
4.19.1.3 The complete series fire pump unit shall be field
acceptance tested for proper performance in accordance with
the provisions of this standard. (See Section 14.2.)
4.19.2 Fire Pump Arrangement.
20–17
4.19.2.1 No more than three pumps shall be allowed to operate in series.
4.19.2.2 No pump in a series pump unit shall be shut down
automatically for any condition of suction pressure.
4.19.2.3 No pressure reducing or pressure regulating valves
shall be installed between fire pumps arranged in series.
4.19.2.4 The pressure at any point in any pump in a series fire
pump unit, with all pumps running at shutoff and rated speed
4.20.2.2 Metering devices or fixed nozzles shall be capable of
water flow of not less than 175 percent of rated pump capacity.
4.20.2.4 If the meter system piping is not sized hydraulically,
then all of the meter system piping shall be sized as specified
by the meter manufacturer but not less than the meter device
sizes shown in Section 4.26.
4.20.2.5 For nonhydraulically sized piping, the minimum size
meter for a given pump capacity shall be permitted to be used
where the meter system piping does not exceed 100 ft (30.5 m)
equivalent length.
4.20.2.6 For nonhydraulically sized piping, where meter system
piping exceeds 100 ft (30.5 m), including length of straight pipe
plus equivalent length in fittings, elevation, and loss through
meter, the next larger size of piping shall be used to minimize
friction loss.
4.20.2.7 The primary element shall be suitable for that pipe
size and pump rating.
4.20.2.8 The readout instrument shall be sized for the pumprated capacity. (See Section 4.26.)
4.20.2.9 When discharging back into a tank, the discharge
nozzle(s) or pipe shall be located at a point as far from the
pump suction as is necessary to prevent the pump from drafting air introduced by the discharge of test water into the tank.
4.20.3 Hose Valves.
4.20.3.1* General.
4.20.3.1.1 Hose valves shall be listed.
4.20.3.1.2 The number and size of hose valves used for pump
testing shall be as specified in Section 4.26.
2010 Edition
20–18
•
4.20.3.1.3 Where outlets are being utilized as a means to test
the fire pump in accordance with 4.20.1.1, one of the following
methods shall be used:
(1)*Hose valves mounted on a hose valve header with supply
pipe sized in accordance with 4.20.3.4 and Section 4.26
(2) Wall hydrants, yard hydrants, or standpipe outlets of sufficient number and size to allow testing of the pump
4.22.2.3 Pump casings shall be essentially tight at the test pressure.
4.22.2.4 During the test, no objectionable leakage shall occur
at any joint.
4.20.3.2 Thread Type. Thread types shall be in compliance
with one of the following:
4.22.2.5 In the case of vertical turbine–type pumps, both the
discharge casting and pump bowl assembly shall be tested.
(1) Hose valve(s) shall have the NH standard external thread
for the valve size specified, as stipulated in NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections.
(2) Where local fire department connections do not conform
to NFPA 1963, the authority having jurisdiction shall designate the threads to be used.
4.23* Pump Shaft Rotation. Pump shaft rotation shall be determined and correctly specified when fire pumps and equipment involving that rotation are ordered.
4.20.3.3 Location.
4.25* Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pumps.
4.20.3.3.1 Where the hose valve header is located outside or
at a distance from the pump and there is danger of freezing, a
listed indicating butterfly or gate valve and drain valve or ball
drip shall be located in the pipeline to the hose valve header.
4.25.1 Pressure maintenance pumps shall not be required to
be listed. Pressure maintenance pumps shall be approved.
4.20.3.3.2 The valve required in 4.20.3.3.1 shall be at a point
in the line close to the pump. (See Figure A.6.3.1(a).)
4.20.3.4 Pipe Size. The pipe size shall be in accordance with
one of the following two methods:
(1) Where the pipe between the hose valve header and the connection to the pump discharge pipe is over 15 ft (4.5 m) in
length, the next larger pipe size than that required by
4.20.3.1.3 shall be used.
(2)*This pipe is permitted to be sized by hydraulic calculations based on a total flow of 150 percent of rated pump
capacity, including the following:
(a) This calculation shall include friction loss for the total
length of pipe plus equivalent lengths of fittings, control
valve, and hose valves, plus elevation loss, from the
pump discharge flange to the hose valve outlets.
(b) The installation shall be proven by a test flowing the
maximum water available.
4.21 Steam Power Supply Dependability.
4.21.1 Steam Supply.
4.21.1.1 Careful consideration shall be given in each case to
the dependability of the steam supply and the steam supply
system.
4.21.1.2 Consideration shall include the possible effect of interruption of transmission piping either on the property or in
adjoining buildings that could threaten the property.
4.22 Shop Tests.
mum allowable suction head, but in no case shall it be less
than 250 psi (17.24 bar).
4.22.1 General. Each individual pump shall be tested at the
factory to provide detailed performance data and to demonstrate its compliance with specifications.
4.24* Other Signals. Where required by other sections of this
standard, signals shall call attention to improper conditions in
the fire pump equipment.
4.25.1.1* The pressure maintenance pump shall be sized to
replenish the fire protection system pressure due to allowable
leakage and normal drops in pressure.
4.25.2 Pressure maintenance pumps shall have rated capacities not less than any normal leakage rate.
4.25.3 Pressure maintenance pumps shall have discharge
pressure sufficient to maintain the desired fire protection system pressure.
4.25.4* Excess Pressure.
4.25.4.1 Where a centrifugal-type pressure maintenance
pump has a total discharge pressure with the pump operating
at shutoff exceeding the working pressure rating of the fire
protection equipment, or where a turbine vane (peripheral)
type of pump is used, a relief valve sized to prevent overpressuring of the system shall be installed on the pump discharge
to prevent damage to the fire protection system.
4.25.4.2 Running period timers shall not be used where
jockey pumps are utilized that have the capability of exceeding the working pressure of the fire protection systems.
4.25.5 Piping and Components for Pressure Maintenance
Pumps.
4.25.5.1 Steel pipe shall be used for suction and discharge
piping on pressure maintenance pumps, which includes packaged prefabricated systems.
4.25.5.2 Valves and components for the pressure maintenance pump shall not be required to be listed.
4.25.5.3 An isolation valve shall be installed on the suction
side of the pressure maintenance pump to isolate the pump
for repair.
4.22.2 Preshipment Tests.
4.25.5.4 A check valve and isolation valve shall be installed in
the discharge pipe.
4.22.2.1 Before shipment from the factory, each pump shall
be hydrostatically tested by the manufacturer for a period of
not less than 5 minutes.
4.25.5.5* Indicating valves shall be installed in such places as
needed to make the pump, check valve, and miscellaneous
fittings accessible for repair.
4.22.2.2 The test pressure shall not be less than one and onehalf times the sum of the pump’s shutoff head plus its maxi-
4.25.5.6 The pressure sensing line for the pressure maintenance pump shall be in accordance with Section 4.30.
2010 Edition
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20–19
4.25.5.7 The isolation valves serving the pressure maintenance pump shall not be required to be supervised.
4.27.2.2 An air gap shall be provided in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.25.6 The primary or standby fire pump shall not be used as
a pressure maintenance pump.
4.27.2.3 Water discharge from the relief valve shall be readily
visible or easily detectable.
4.25.7 The controller for a pressure maintenance pump shall
be listed but shall not be required to be listed for fire pump service.
4.27.2.4 Performance of the requirements in 4.27.2.1
through 4.27.2.3 shall be documented by engineering calculations and tests.
4.25.8 The pressure maintenance pump is not required to
have secondary or standby power.
4.27.3 Devices in Suction Piping. Where located in the suction pipe of the pump, check valves and backflow prevention
devices or assemblies shall be located a minimum of 10 pipe
diameters from the pump suction flange.
4.26 Summary of Centrifugal Fire Pump Data. The sizes indicated in Table 4.26(a) and Table 4.26(b) shall be used as a
minimum.
4.27.1 Check valves and backflow prevention devices and assemblies shall be listed for fire protection service.
4.27.3.1 Where a backflow preventer with butterfly control
valves is installed in the suction pipe, the backflow preventer is
required to be at least 50 ft (15.2 m) from the pump suction
flange (as measured along the route of pipe) in accordance
with 4.14.5.2.
4.27.2 Relief Valve Drainage.
4.27.4 Evaluation.
4.27.2.1 Where the backflow prevention device or assembly
incorporates a relief valve, the relief valve shall discharge to a
drain appropriately sized for the maximum anticipated flow
from the relief valve.
4.27.4.1 Where the authority having jurisdiction requires the
installation of a backflow prevention device or assembly in connection with the pump, special consideration shall be given to
the increased pressure loss resulting from the installation.
4.27 Backflow Preventers and Check Valves.
Table 4.26(a) Summary of Centrifugal Fire Pump Data (U.S. Customary)
Minimum Pipe Sizes (Nominal) (in.)
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Pump Rating
(gpm)
Suction*†
Discharge*
Relief Valve
Relief Valve
Discharge
Meter Device
Number and
Size of Hose
Valves
Hose
Header
Supply
25
50
100
150
200
1
11⁄2
2
21⁄2
3
1
11⁄4
2
21⁄2
3
3⁄4
11⁄4
11⁄2
2
2
1
11⁄2
2
21⁄2
21⁄2
11⁄4
2
21⁄2
3
3
1 — 11⁄2
1 — 11⁄2
1 — 21⁄2
1 — 21⁄2
1 — 21⁄2
1
11⁄2
21⁄2
21⁄2
21⁄2
250
300
400
450
500
31⁄2
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
5
5
2
2 1 ⁄2
3
3
3
21⁄2
31⁄2
5
5
5
31⁄2
31⁄2
4
4
5
1 — 21⁄2
1 — 21⁄2
2 — 21⁄2
2 — 21⁄2
2 — 21⁄2
3
3
4
4
4
750
1000
1250
1500
2000
6
8
8
8
10
6
6
8
8
10
4
4
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
10
5
6
6
8
8
3 — 21⁄2
4 — 21⁄2
6 — 21⁄2
6 — 21⁄2
6 — 2 1 ⁄2
6
6
8
8
8
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
10
12
12
14
16
16
10
12
12
12
14
14
6
8
8
8
8
8
10
12
12
14
14
14
8
8
10
10
10
10
8 — 2 1 ⁄2
12 — 21⁄2
12 — 21⁄2
16 — 21⁄2
16 — 21⁄2
20 — 21⁄2
10
10
12
12
12
12
Notes:
(1) The pressure relief valve shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.18.2.1.
(2) The pressure relief valve discharge shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.18.6.2.
(3) The flowmeter device shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.19.2.2.
(4) The hose header supply shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.19.3.4.
*Actual diameter of pump flange is permitted to be different from pipe diameter.
†
Applies only to that portion of suction pipe specified in 4.14.3.4.
2010 Edition
20–20
Table 4.26(b) Summary of Centrifugal Fire Pump Data (Metric)
Minimum Pipe Sizes (Nominal) (mm)
Pump Rating
(L/min)
Meter
Device
Number and
Size of Hose
Valves
Hose Header
Supply
Suction*†
Discharge*
Relief Valve
Relief Valve
Discharge
95
189
379
568
757
25
38
50
65
75
25
32
50
65
75
19
32
38
50
50
25
38
50
65
65
32
50
65
75
75
1 — 38
1 — 38
1 — 65
1 — 65
1 — 65
25
38
65
65
65
946
1,136
1,514
1,703
1,892
85
100
100
125
125
75
100
100
125
125
50
65
75
75
100
65
85
125
125
125
85
85
100
100
125
1 — 65
1 — 65
2 — 65
2 — 65
2 — 65
75
75
100
100
100
2,839
3,785
4,731
5,677
7,570
150
200
200
200
250
150
150
200
200
250
100
150
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
250
125
150
150
200
200
3 — 65
4 — 65
6 — 65
6 — 65
6 — 65
150
150
200
200
200
9,462
11,355
13,247
15,140
17,032
18,925
250
300
300
350
400
400
250
300
300
300
350
350
200
200
200
200
200
200
250
300
300
350
350
350
200
200
250
250
250
250
8 — 65
12 — 65
12 — 65
16 — 65
16 — 65
20 — 65
250
250
300
300
300
300
Notes:
(1) The pressure relief valve shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.18.2.1.
(2) The pressure relief valve discharge shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.18.6.2.
(3) The flow meter device shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.19.2.2.
(4) The hose header supply shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 4.19.3.4.
*Actual diameter of pump flange is permitted to be different from pipe diameter.
†
Applies only to that portion of suction pipe specified in 4.14.3.4.
4.27.4.2 Where a backflow prevention device is installed, the
final arrangement shall provide effective pump performance
with a minimum suction pressure of 0 psi (0 bar) at the gauge
at 150 percent of rated capacity.
4.28.2 The requirements of 4.28.1 shall not apply where the
authority having jurisdiction requires horizontal force factors
other than 0.5; in such cases, NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall apply for seismic design.
4.27.4.3 If available suction supplies do not permit the flowing of 150 percent of rated pump capacity, the final arrangement of the backflow prevention device shall provide effective
pump performance with a minimum suction pressure of 0 psi
(0 bar) at the gauge at the maximum allowable discharge.
4.28.3 Pumps with high centers of gravity, such as vertical
in-line pumps, shall be mounted at their base and braced
above their center of gravity in accordance with the requirements of 4.28.1 or 4.28.2, whichever is applicable.
4.27.4.4 The discharge shall exceed the fire protection system design flow.
4.28.4 Where the system riser is also a part of the fire pump
discharge piping, a flexible pipe coupling shall be installed at
the base of the system riser.
4.27.4.5 Determination of effective pump performance shall
be documented by engineering calculations and tests.
4.28 Earthquake Protection.
4.28.1* Unless the requirements of 4.28.2 are met and where
local codes require seismic design, the fire pump, driver, diesel fuel tank (where installed), and fire pump controller shall
be attached to their foundations with materials capable of resisting lateral movement of horizontal forces equal to one-half
the weight of the equipment.
2010 Edition
4.29 Packaged Fire Pump Assemblies.
4.29.1 A packaged pump house and/or skid unit[s] shall include detailed design information acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction.
4.29.2 All electrical components, clearances, and wiring shall
meet the minimum requirements of the applicable NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code, articles.
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4.29.3 Packaged and prefabricated skid unit(s) shall meet all
the requirements in this standard, including those described
in Sections 4.12 through 4.17.
4.31 Break Tanks. Where a break tank is used to provide the
pump suction water supply, the installation shall comply with
this section.
4.29.4 Careful consideration shall be given to the possible
effects of system component damage during shipment to the
project site.
4.31.1 Application. Break tanks shall be used for one or more
of the following reasons:
4.29.4.1 The structural integrity shall be maintained with
minimal flexing and movement.
4.29.4.2 The necessary supports and restraints shall be installed to prevent damage and breakage during transit.
4.29.5 The packaged fire pump shall have the correct lifting
points marked to ensure safe rigging of the unit.
4.29.6 All packaged pump house and/or pump skids shall
meet the requirements of Section 4.28 through 4.28.4.
4.29.7 Suction and discharge piping shall be thoroughly inspected, including checking all flanged and mechanical connections per manufacturers’ recommendations, after the pump
house or skid unit is set in place on the permanent foundation.
4.29.8 The units shall be properly anchored and grouted in
accordance with Section 6.4.
(1) As a backflow prevention device between the water supply
and the fire pump suction pipe
(2) To eliminate fluctuations in the water supply pressure and
provide a steady suction pressure to the fire pump
(3) To provide a quantity of stored water on site where the
normal water supply will not provide the required quantity of water required by the fire protection system
4.31.2 Break Tank Size. The tank shall be sized for a minimum duration of 15 minutes with the fire pump operating
at 150 percent of rated capacity.
4.31.3 Refill Mechanism. The refill mechanism shall be listed
and arranged for automatic operation.
4.31.3.1 If the break tank capacity is less than the maximum
system demand for 30 minutes, the refill mechanism shall
meet the requirements in 4.31.3.1.1 through 4.31.3.1.5.
4.29.9* The interior floor shall be solid with grading to provide for proper drainage for the fire pump components. The
structural frame for a packaged pump shall be mounted to a
properly engineered footing designed to withstand the live
loads of the packaged unit and the applicable wind loading
requirements. The foundation footings shall include the necessary anchor points required to secure the package to the
foundation.
4.31.3.1.1 Dual automatic refill lines, each capable of refilling
the tank at a minimum rate of 150 percent of the fire pump(s)
capacity, shall be installed.
4.29.10 A high skid-resistant, solid structural plate floor with
grout holes shall be permitted to be used where protected
from corrosion and drainage is provided for all incidental
pump room spillage or leakage.
4.31.3.1.3 A manual tank fill bypass designed for and capable
of refilling the tank at a minimum rate of 150 percent of the
fire pump(s) capacity shall be provided.
4.30* Pressure Actuated Controller Pressure Sensing Lines.
4.30.1 For all pump installations, including jockey pumps, each
controller shall have its own individual pressure sensing line.
4.30.2 The pressure sensing line connection for each pump,
including jockey pumps, shall be made between that pump’s
discharge check valve and discharge control valve.
4.30.3* The pressure sensing line shall be brass, rigid copper
pipe Types K, L, or M, or Series 300 stainless steel pipe or tube,
and the fittings shall be of 1⁄2 in. (15 mm) nominal size.
4.30.4 Check Valves or Ground-Face Unions.
4.30.4.1 Where the requirements of 4.30.4.2 are not met,
there shall be two check valves installed in the pressure sensing line at least 5 ft (1.52 m) apart with a nominal 0.09375 in.
(2.4 mm) hole drilled in the clapper to serve as dampening.
[See Figure A.4.30(a) and Figure A.4.30(b).]
20–21
4.30.4.2 Where the water is clean, ground-face unions
with noncorrosive diaphragms drilled with a nominal
0.09375 in. (2.4 mm) orifice shall be permitted in place of
the check valves.
4.30.5 Shutoff Valve. There shall be no shutoff valve in the
pressure sensing line.
4.30.6 Pressure Switch Actuation. Pressure switch actuation at
the low adjustment setting shall initiate the pump starting sequence (if the pump is not already in operation).
4.31.3.1.2 If available supplies do not permit refilling the
tank at a minimum rate of 150 percent of the rated pump
capacity, each refill line shall be capable of refilling the tank at
a rate that meets or exceeds 110 percent of the maximum fire
protection system design flow.
4.31.3.1.4 If available supplies do not permit refilling the
tank at a minimum rate of 150 percent of the rated pump
capacity, the manual fill bypass shall be capable of refilling the
tank at a rate that meets or exceeds 110 percent of the maximum fire protection system design flow.
4.31.3.1.5 A local visible and audible low liquid level signal
shall be provided in the vicinity of the tank fill mechanism.
4.31.3.2 If the break tank is sized to provide a minimum duration of 30 minutes of the maximum system demand, the refill
mechanism shall meet the requirements in 4.31.3.2.1 through
4.31.3.2.5.
4.31.3.2.1 The refill mechanism shall be designed for and
capable of refilling the tank at 110 percent of the rate required
to provide the total fire protection system demand [110%
× (Total Demand − Tank Capacity) / Duration].
4.31.3.2.2 A manual tank fill bypass shall be designed for and
capable of refilling the tank at 110 percent of the rate required
to provide the total fire protection system demand [110% ×
(Total Demand − Tank Capacity) / Duration].
4.31.3.2.3 The pipe between the municipal connection and
the automatic fill valve shall be installed in accordance with
NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains
and Their Appurtenances.
4.31.3.2.4 The automatic filling mechanism shall be maintained at a minimum temperature of 40°F (4.4°C).
2010 Edition
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20–22
4.31.3.2.5 The automatic filling mechanism shall activate a
maximum of 6 in. (152 mm) below the overflow level.
4.31.4 Installation Standard. The break tank shall be installed
in accordance with NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private
Fire Protection.
4.32 Field Acceptance Test of Pump Units. Upon completion
of the entire fire pump installation, an acceptance test shall be
conducted in accordance with the provisions of this standard.
(See Chapter 14.)
Chapter 5
5.7.3.2 Water tank(s) shall be sized for the full fire protection
demand and arranged so that at least 50 percent of the fire
protection demand is stored with any one compartment or
tank out of service.
5.7.3.3 An automatic refill valve shall be provided for each tank
or tank compartment.
5.7.3.4 A manual refill valve shall be provided.
5.7.3.5 Each refill valve shall be sized and arranged to independently supply the system fire protection demand.
Fire Pumps for High-Rise Buildings
Chapter 6
Centrifugal Pumps
5.1 General.
5.1.1 Application.
6.1 General.
5.1.1.1 This chapter applies to all fire pumps within a building wherever a building is defined as high-rise per 3.3.24.
6.1.1* Types.
5.1.1.2 The provisions of all other chapters of this standard
shall apply unless specifically addressed by this chapter.
5.2 Types.
5.2.1 Fire pumps used for high-rise application shall be of a
type addressed by Chapter 6 or 7 (centrifugal pumps) of this
standard.
5.2.2 Fire pumps complying with Chapter 8 (positive displacement pumps) shall be allowed for local applications.
5.3 Equipment Access. Location and access to the fire pump
room shall be preplanned with the fire department.
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5.4 Fire Pump Test Arrangement. Where the water supply to a
fire pump is a tank, a listed flowmeter or a test header discharging back into the tank with a calibrated nozzle(s) arranged for the attachment of a pressure gauge to determine
pitot pressure shall be permitted.
5.5 Auxiliary Power. Where electric motors are used and the
height of the structure is beyond the pumping capability of
the fire department apparatus, a reliable emergency source of
power in accordance with Section 9.6 shall be provided for the
fire pump installation.
5.6* Fire Pump Backup. Fire pumps serving zones that are partially or wholly beyond the pumping capability of the fire department apparatus shall be provided with an auxiliary means that is
capable of providing the full fire protection demand.
5.7 Water Supply Tanks.
5.7.1 Water tanks shall be installed in accordance with
NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection.
5.7.2 When a water tank serves domestic and fire protection
systems, the domestic supply connection shall be connected
above the level required for fire protection demand.
6.1.1.1 Centrifugal pumps shall be of the overhung impeller
design and the impeller between bearings design.
6.1.1.2 The overhung impeller design shall be close coupled
or separately coupled single- or two-stage end-suction-type
[see Figure A.6.1.1(a) and Figure A.6.1.1(b)] or in-line-type [see
Figure A.6.1.1(c) through Figure A.6.1.1(e)] pumps.
6.1.1.3 The impeller between bearings design shall be separately coupled single-stage or multistage axial (horizontal) splitcase-type [see Figure A.6.1.1(f)] or radial (vertical) split-case-type
[see Figure A.6.1.1(g)] pumps.
6.1.2* Application. Centrifugal pumps shall not be used where
a static suction lift is required.
6.2* Factory and Field Performance.
6.2.1 Pumps shall furnish not less than 150 percent of rated
capacity at not less than 65 percent of total rated head.
6.2.2 The shutoff head shall not exceed 140 percent of rated
head for any type pump. (See Figure A.6.2.)
6.3 Fittings.
6.3.1* Where necessary, the following fittings for the pump
shall be provided by the pump manufacturer or an authorized
representative:
(1) Automatic air release valve
(2) Circulation relief valve
(3) Pressure gauges
6.3.2 Where necessary, the following fittings shall be provided:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Eccentric tapered reducer at suction inlet
Hose valve manifold with hose valves
Flow measuring device
Relief valve and discharge cone
Pipeline strainer
5.7.3 Water tanks supplying suction to fire pumps serving zones
that are partially or wholly beyond the pumping capability of the
fire department apparatus shall meet the requirements in 5.7.3.1
through 5.7.3.5 with a minimum of two automatic fill valves with
separate piping connected to the zone below or primary water
supply to the building. A manual fill valve shall also be provided.
6.3.3 Automatic Air Release.
5.7.3.1 Two or more water tanks shall be provided. Alternatively,
a water tank shall be permitted to be divided into compartments
such that the compartments function as individual tanks.
6.3.3.2 The requirements of 6.3.3.1 shall not apply to overhung
impeller–type pumps with top centerline discharge or that are
vertically mounted to naturally vent the air.
2010 Edition
6.3.3.1 Unless the requirements of 6.3.3.2 are met, pumps
that are automatically controlled shall be provided with a
listed float-operated air release valve having a nominal 0.50 in.
(12.7 mm) minimum diameter discharged to atmosphere.
20–23
VERTICAL SHAFT TURBINE–TYPE PUMPS
6.4 Foundation and Setting.
6.4.1* Overhung impeller and impeller between bearings design
pumps and driver shall be mounted on a common grouted base
plate.
6.4.2 Pumps of the overhung impeller close coupled in-line
type [see Figure A.6.1.1(c)] shall be permitted to be mounted on a
base attached to the pump mounting base plate.
6.4.3 The base plate shall be securely attached to a solid foundation in such a way that proper pump and driver shaft alignment is ensured.
7.2.2.2* Wet Pit Installations.
7.2.2.2.1 To provide submergence for priming, the elevation of
the second impeller from the bottom of the pump bowl assembly
shall be such that it is below the lowest pumping water level in the
open body of water supplying the pit.
6.4.4* The foundation shall be sufficiently substantial to form
a permanent and rigid support for the base plate.
7.2.2.2.2 For pumps with rated capacities of 2000 gpm
(7570 L/min) or greater, additional submergence is required to prevent the formation of vortices and to provide
required net positive suction head (NPSH) in order to prevent excessive cavitation.
6.4.5 The base plate, with pump and driver mounted on it,
shall be set level on the foundation.
7.2.2.2.3 The required submergence shall be obtained from
the pump manufacturer.
6.5* Connection to Driver and Alignment.
7.2.2.2.4 The distance between the bottom of the strainer
and the bottom of the wet pit shall be at least one-half of the
pump bowl diameter but not less than 12 in. (305 mm).
6.5.1 Coupling Type.
6.5.1.1 Separately coupled–type pumps with electric motor
drivers shall be connected by a flexible coupling or flexible connecting shaft.
6.5.1.2 All coupling types shall be listed for the service referenced in 6.5.1.1.
6.5.2 Pumps and drivers on separately coupled–type pumps
shall be aligned in accordance with the coupling and pump
manufacturers’ specifications and the Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps. (See A.6.5.)
Chapter 7
Vertical Shaft Turbine–Type Pumps
7.1* General.
7.1.1* Suitability. Where the water supply is located below the
discharge flange centerline and the water supply pressure is
insufficient for getting the water to the fire pump, a vertical
shaft turbine–type pump shall be used.
7.2.3 Well Construction.
7.2.3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the groundwater supply
contractor to perform the necessary groundwater investigation
to establish the reliability of the supply, to develop a well to produce the required supply, and to perform all work and install all
equipment in a thorough and workmanlike manner.
7.2.3.2 The vertical turbine–type pump is designed to operate in a vertical position with all parts in correct alignment.
7.2.3.3 To support the requirements of 7.2.3.1, the well shall be
of ample diameter and sufficiently plumb to receive the pump.
7.2.4 Unconsolidated Formations (Sands and Gravels).
7.2.4.1 All casings shall be of steel of such diameter and installed to such depths as the formation could justify and as best
meet the conditions.
7.2.4.2 Both inner and outer casings shall have a minimum
wall thickness of 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).
7.1.2 Characteristics.
7.2.4.3 Inner casing diameter shall be not less than 2 in.
(51 mm) larger than the pump bowls.
7.1.2.1 Pumps shall furnish not less than 150 percent of rated
capacity at a total head of not less than 65 percent of the total
rated head.
7.2.4.4 The outer casing shall extend down to approximately
the top of the water-bearing formation.
7.1.2.2 The total shutoff head shall not exceed 140 percent of
the total rated head on vertical turbine pumps. (See Figure A.6.2.)
7.2 Water Supply.
7.2.1 Source.
7.2.1.1* The water supply shall be adequate, dependable, and
acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
7.2.1.2* The acceptance of a well as a water supply source shall
be dependent upon satisfactory development of the well and
establishment of satisfactory aquifer characteristics.
7.2.2 Pump Submergence.
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7.2.2.1.2* The submergence shall be increased by 1 ft (0.3 m)
for each 1000 ft (305 m) of elevation above sea level.
7.2.2.1* Well Installations.
7.2.2.1.1 Proper submergence of the pump bowls shall be provided for reliable operation of the fire pump unit. Submergence
of the second impeller from the bottom of the pump bowl assembly shall be not less than 10 ft (3.2 m) below the pumping water
level at 150 percent of rated capacity. (See Figure A.7.2.2.1.)
7.2.4.5 The inner casing of lesser diameter and the well screen
shall extend as far into the formation as the water-bearing stratum could justify and as best meets the conditions.
7.2.4.6 The well screen is a vital part of the construction, and
careful attention shall be given to its selection.
7.2.4.7 The well screen shall be the same diameter as the inner
casing and of the proper length and percent open area to provide an entrance velocity not exceeding 0.15 ft/sec (46 mm/sec).
7.2.4.8 The screen shall be made of a corrosion- and acidresistant material, such as stainless steel or Monel.
7.2.4.9 Monel shall be used where it is anticipated that the chloride content of the well water will exceed 1000 parts per million.
7.2.4.10 The screen shall have adequate strength to resist the
external forces that will be applied after it is installed and to
minimize the likelihood of damage during the installation.
7.2.4.11 The bottom of the well screen shall be sealed properly with a plate of the same material as the screen.
2010 Edition
20–24
7.2.4.12 The sides of the outer casing shall be sealed by the
introduction of neat cement placed under pressure from the
bottom to the top.
7.2.4.13 Cement shall be allowed to set for a minimum of
48 hours before drilling operations are continued.
7.2.4.14 The immediate area surrounding the well screen not
less than 6 in. (152 mm) shall be filled with clean and wellrounded gravel.
7.2.4.15 This gravel shall be of such size and quality as will
create a gravel filter to ensure sand-free production and a low
velocity of water leaving the formation and entering the well.
7.2.4.16 Tubular Wells.
7.2.4.16.1 Wells for fire pumps not exceeding 450 gpm
(1703 L/min) developed in unconsolidated formations
without an artificial gravel pack, such as tubular wells, shall
be acceptable sources of water supply for fire pumps not
exceeding 450 gpm (1703 L/min).
7.2.4.16.2 Tubular wells shall comply with all the requirements
of 7.2.3 and 7.2.4, except compliance with 7.2.4.11 through
7.2.4.15 shall not be required.
7.2.5* Consolidated Formations. Where the drilling penetrates
unconsolidated formations above the rock, surface casing shall
be installed, seated in solid rock, and cemented in place.
7.2.6 Developing a Well.
7.2.6.1 Developing a new well and cleaning it of sand or rock
particles (not to exceed 5 ppm) shall be the responsibility of
the groundwater supply contractor.
7.2.6.2 Such development shall be performed with a test
pump and not a fire pump.
7.2.6.3 Freedom from sand shall be determined when the
test pump is operated at 150 percent of rated capacity of the
fire pump for which the well is being prepared.
7.2.7* Test and Inspection of Well.
7.2.7.1 A test to determine the water production of the well
shall be made.
7.2.7.2 An acceptable water measuring device such as an orifice, a venturi meter, or a calibrated pitot tube shall be used.
7.2.7.3 The test shall be witnessed by a representative of the
customer, contractor, and authority having jurisdiction, as required.
7.2.7.4 The test shall be continuous for a period of at least
8 hours at 150 percent of the rated capacity of the fire pump
with 15-minute-interval readings over the period of the test.
7.2.7.5 The test shall be evaluated with consideration given to
the effect of other wells in the vicinity and any possible seasonal variation in the water table at the well site.
7.2.7.6 Test data shall describe the static water level and the
pumping water level at 100 percent and 150 percent, respectively, of the rated capacity of the fire pump for which the well
is being prepared.
7.2.7.7 All existing wells within a 1000 ft (305 m) radius of the
fire well shall be monitored throughout the test period.
2010 Edition
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7.3 Pump.
7.3.1* Vertical Turbine Pump Head Component.
7.3.1.1 The pump head shall be either the aboveground or
belowground discharge type.
7.3.1.2 The pump head shall be designed to support the driver,
pump, column assembly, bowl assembly, maximum down thrust,
and the oil tube tension nut or packing container.
7.3.2 Column.
7.3.2.1* The pump column shall be furnished in sections not
exceeding a nominal length of 10 ft (3 m), shall be not less than
the weight specified in Table 7.3.2.1(a) and Table 7.3.2.1(b), and
shall be connected by threaded-sleeve couplings or flanges.
Table 7.3.2.1(a) Pump Column Pipe Weights (U.S.
Customary)
Nominal Size
(in.)
Outside Diameter
(O.D.) (in.)
Weight per Unit
Length (Plain
Ends) (lb/ft)
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
6.625
7.625
8.625
9.625
10.75
12.75
14.00
18.97
22.26
24.70
28.33
31.20
43.77
53.57
Table 7.3.2.1(b) Pump Column Pipe Weights (Metric)
Nominal Size
(mm)
Outside Diameter
(O.D.) (mm)
Weight per Unit
Length (Plain
Ends) (kg/m)
150
200
250
300
350
161
212
264
315
360
28.230
36.758
46.431
65.137
81.209
7.3.2.2 The ends of each section of threaded pipe shall be
faced parallel and machined with threads to permit the ends
to butt so as to form accurate alignment of the pump column.
7.3.2.3 All column flange faces shall be parallel and machined for rabbet fit to permit accurate alignment.
7.3.2.4 Where the static water level exceeds 50 ft (15.3 m)
below ground, oil-lubricated-type pumps shall be used. (See
Figure A.7.1.1.)
7.3.2.5 Where the pump is of the enclosed line shaft oillubricated type, the shaft-enclosing tube shall be furnished in
interchangeable sections not over 10 ft (3 m) in length of
extra-strong pipe.
7.3.2.6 An automatic sight feed oiler shall be provided on a
suitable mounting bracket with connection to the shaft tube
for oil-lubricated pumps. (See Figure A.7.1.1.)
VERTICAL SHAFT TURBINE–TYPE PUMPS
7.4.1 Pump House.
7.3.2.8 Operating speed shall include all speeds from shutoff to
the 150 percent point of the pump, which vary on engine drives.
7.4.1.1 The pump house shall be of such design as will offer
the least obstruction to the convenient handling and hoisting
of vertical pump parts.
7.3.2.9 Operating speed for variable speed pressure limiting
control drive systems shall include all speeds from rated to
minimum operating speed.
7.4.1.2 The requirements of Sections 4.12 and 11.3 shall also
apply.
7.3.3 Bowl Assembly.
7.3.3.1 The pump bowl shall be of close-grained cast iron,
bronze, or other suitable material in accordance with the
chemical analysis of the water and experience in the area.
7.4.2 Outdoor Setting.
7.4.2.1 If in special cases the authority having jurisdiction
does not require a pump room and the unit is installed outdoors, the driver shall be screened or enclosed and adequately
protected against tampering.
7.3.3.2 Impellers shall be of the enclosed type and shall be of
bronze or other suitable material in accordance with the
chemical analysis of the water and experience in the area.
7.4.2.2 The screen or enclosure required in 7.4.2.1 shall be easily removable and shall have provision for ample ventilation.
7.3.4 Suction Strainer.
7.4.3.1 Certified dimension prints shall be obtained from the
manufacturer.
7.3.4.1 A cast or heavy fabricated, corrosion-resistant metal
cone or basket-type strainer shall be attached to the suction
manifold of the pump.
7.3.4.2 The suction strainer shall have a free area of at least four
times the area of the suction connections, and the openings shall
be sized to restrict the passage of a 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) sphere.
7.3.4.3 For installations in a wet pit, this suction strainer shall be
required in addition to the intake screen. (See Figure A.7.2.2.2.)
7.3.5 Fittings.
7.3.5.1 The following fittings shall be required for attachment
to the pump:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Automatic air release valve as specified in 7.3.5.2
Water level detector as specified in 7.3.5.3
Discharge pressure gauge as specified in 4.10.1
Relief valve and discharge cone where required by 4.18.1
Hose valve header and hose valves as specified in 4.20.3 or
metering devices as specified in 4.20.2
7.3.5.2 Automatic Air Release.
7.3.5.2.1 A nominal 1.5 in. (38 mm) pipe size or larger automatic air release valve shall be provided to vent air from the column and the discharge head upon the starting of the pump.
7.3.5.2.2 This valve shall also admit air to the column to dissipate the vacuum upon stopping of the pump.
7.3.5.2.3 This valve shall be located at the highest point in the
discharge line between the fire pump and the discharge check
valve.
7.4* Installation.
7.3.5.3* Water Level Detection. Water level detection shall be
required for all vertical turbine pumps installed in wells to monitor the suction pressure available at the shutoff, 100 percent flow,
and 150 percent flow points, to determine if the pump is operating within its design conditions.
7.3.5.3.1 Each well installation shall be equipped with a suitable water level detector.
7.3.5.3.2 If an air line is used, it shall be brass, copper, or
series 300 stainless steel.
7.3.5.3.3 Air lines shall be strapped to column pipe at 10 ft
(3 m) intervals.
7.4.3 Foundation.
7.4.3.2 The foundation for vertical pumps shall be substantially
built to carry the entire weight of the pump and driver plus the
weight of the water contained in it.
7.4.3.3 Foundation bolts shall be provided to firmly anchor
the pump to the foundation.
7.4.3.4 The foundation shall be of sufficient area and strength
that the load per square inch (square millimeter) on concrete
does not exceed design standards.
7.4.3.5 The top of the foundation shall be carefully leveled to
permit the pump to hang freely over a well pit on a short-coupled
pump.
7.4.3.6 On a well pump, the pump head shall be positioned
plumb over the well, which is not necessarily level.
7.4.3.7 Sump or Pit.
7.4.3.7.1 Where the pump is mounted over a sump or pit,
I-beams shall be permitted to be used.
7.4.3.7.2 Where a right-angle gear is used, the driver shall be
installed parallel to the beams.
7.5 Driver.
7.5.1 Method of Drive.
7.5.1.1 The driver provided shall be so constructed that the
total thrust of the pump, which includes the weight of the
shaft, impellers, and hydraulic thrust, can be carried on a
thrust bearing of ample capacity so that it will have an average
life rating of 5 years continuous operation.
7.5.1.2 All drivers shall be so constructed that axial adjustment of impellers can be made to permit proper installation
and operation of the equipment.
7.5.1.3 Vertical shaft turbine pumps shall be driven by a vertical hollow shaft electric motor or vertical hollow shaft rightangle gear drive with diesel engine or steam turbine except as
permitted in 7.5.1.4.
7.5.1.4 The requirements of 7.5.1.3 shall not apply to diesel
engines and steam turbines designed and listed for vertical
installation with vertical shaft turbine–type pumps, which shall
be permitted to employ solid shafts and shall not require a
right-angle gear drive but shall require a nonreverse ratchet.
2010 Edition
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7.3.2.7 The pump line shafting shall be sized so critical speed
shall be 25 percent above and below the operating speed of the
pump.
20–25
20–26
7.5.1.5 Motors shall be of the vertical hollow-shaft type and
comply with 9.5.1.9.
7.5.1.6 Mass Elastic System.
7.6.1.2 With the top drive coupling removed, the drive shaft
shall be centered in the top drive coupling for proper alignment and the motor shall be operated momentarily to ensure
that it rotates in the proper direction.
7.5.1.6.1 For drive systems that include a right angle gear
drive, the pump manufacturer shall provide a complete mass
elastic system torsional analysis to ensure there are no damaging stresses or critical speeds within 25 percent above and below the operating speed of the pump and drive.
7.6.1.3 With the top drive coupling reinstalled, the impellers
shall be set for proper clearance according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
7.5.1.6.2 The torsional analysis specified in 7.5.1.6.1 shall include the mass elastic characteristics for a wetted pump with
the specific impeller trim, coupling, right-angle gear, flexible
connecting shaft, and engine, plus the excitation characteristics of the engine.
7.6.1.5 The operation shall be observed for vibration while
running, with vibration limits according to the Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps.
7.5.1.6.3 For variable speed vertical hollow shaft electric motors, the pump manufacturer shall provide a complete mass
elastic system torsional analysis to ensure there are no damaging stresses or critical speeds within 25 percent above and below the operating speed of the pump and drive.
7.5.1.7 Gear Drives.
7.5.1.7.1 Gear drives and flexible connecting shafts shall be
7.5.1.7.2 Gear drives shall be of the vertical hollow-shaft type,
permitting adjustment of the impellers for proper installation
and operation of the equipment.
7.6.1.4* With the precautions of 7.6.1.1 through 7.6.1.3 taken,
the pump shall be started and allowed to run.
7.6.1.6 The driver shall be observed for proper operation.
7.6.2 Maintenance.
7.6.2.1 The manufacturer’s instructions shall be carefully
followed in making repairs and dismantling and reassembling pumps.
7.6.2.2 When spare or replacement parts are ordered, the
pump serial number stamped on the nameplate fastened to
the pump head shall be included in order to make sure the
proper parts are provided.
7.6.2.3 Ample head room and access for removal of the
pump shall be maintained.
7.5.1.7.3 The gear drive shall be equipped with a nonreverse
ratchet.
Positive Displacement Pumps
8.1* General.
7.5.1.7.5 Water-cooled gear drives shall be equipped with a visual means to determine whether water circulation is occurring.
8.1.1 Types. Positive displacement pumps shall be as defined
in 3.3.37.13.
7.5.1.8 Flexible Connecting Shafts.
8.1.2* Suitability.
7.5.1.8.1 The flexible connecting shaft shall be listed for this
service.
8.1.2.1 The positive displacement–type pump shall be listed
for the intended application.
7.5.1.8.2 The operating angle for the flexible connecting shaft
shall not exceed the limits specified by the manufacturer for the
speed and horsepower transmitted under any static or operating
conditions.
8.1.2.2* The listing shall verify the characteristic performance
curves for a given pump model.
7.5.2 Controls. The controllers for the motor, diesel engine, or
steam turbine shall comply with specifications for either electricdrive controllers in Chapter 10 or engine drive controllers in
Chapter 12.
8.1.3.1 Positive displacement pumps shall be permitted to
pump liquids for fire protection applications.
7.5.3.1 The pump supplier shall inform the controller manufacturer of any and all critical resonant speeds within the operating speed range of the pump, which is from zero up to full speed.
8.1.3 Application.
8.1.3.2 The selected pump shall be appropriate for the viscosity of the liquid.
8.1.4 Pump Seals.
8.1.4.1 The seal type acceptable for positive displacement
pumps shall be either mechanical or lip seal.
7.5.3.2 When water-lubricated pumps with line shaft bearings
are installed, the pump manufacturer shall inform the controller
manufacturer of the maximum allowed time for water to reach
the top bearing under the condition of the lowest anticipated
water level of the well or reservoir.
8.1.4.2 Packing shall not be used.
7.6 Operation and Maintenance.
8.1.6 Dump Valve.
7.6.1 Operation.
8.1.6.1 A dump valve shall be provided on all closed head
systems to allow the positive displacement pump to bleed off
excess pressure and achieve operating speed before subjecting the driver to full load.
7.6.1.1* Before the unit is started for the first time after installation, all field-installed electrical connections and discharge
piping from the pump shall be checked.
2010 Edition
8.1.5* Pump Materials. Materials used in pump construction
shall be selected based on the corrosion potential of the environment, fluids used, and operational conditions. (See 3.3.9 for
corrosion-resistant materials.)
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7.5.3 Variable Speed Vertical Turbine Pumps.
Chapter 8
7.5.1.7.4 All gear drives shall be listed and rated by the manufacturer at a load equal to the maximum horsepower and thrust
of the pump for which the gear drive is intended.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
8.1.6.3 Dump Valve Control.
8.1.6.3.1 Automatic Operation. When an electrically operated dump valve is used, it shall be controlled by the positive
displacement pump controller.
8.1.6.3.2 Manual Operation. Means shall be provided at the
controller to ensure dump valve operation during manual start.
8.1.6.4 Dump valves shall be listed.
8.1.6.5 Dump valve discharge shall be permitted to be piped to
the liquid supply tank, pump suction, drain, or liquid supply.
8.4.3* Relief Valves for Foam Concentrate Pumps. For foam
concentrate pumps, safety relief valves shall be piped to return
the valve discharge to the concentrate supply tank.
8.4.4* Relief Valves for Water Mist Pumps.
8.4.4.1 For positive displacement water mist pumps, safety
relief valves shall discharge to a drain or to a water supply at
atmospheric pressure.
8.4.4.2 A means of preventing overheating shall be provided when the relief valve is plumbed to discharge to the
pump suction.
8.2 Foam Concentrate and Additive Pumps.
8.4.5* Suction Strainer.
8.2.1 Additive Pumps. Additive pumps shall meet the requirements for foam concentrate pumps.
8.4.5.1 Pumps shall be equipped with a removable and cleanable suction strainer installed at least 10 pipe diameters from
the pump suction inlet.
8.2.2* Net Positive Suction Head. Net positive suction head
(NPSH) shall exceed the pump manufacturer’s required NPSH
plus 5 ft (1.52 m) of liquid.
8.4.5.2 Suction strainer pressure drop shall be calculated to
ensure that sufficient NPSH is available to the pump.
8.2.3 Seal Materials. Seal materials shall be compatible with
the foam concentrate or additive.
8.4.5.3 The net open area of the strainer shall be at least four
times the area of the suction piping.
8.2.4* Dry Run. Foam concentrate pumps shall be capable of
dry running for 10 minutes without damage.
8.4.5.4 Strainer mesh size shall be in accordance with the
pump manufacturer’s recommendation.
8.2.5* Minimum Flow Rates. Pumps shall have foam concentrate flow rates to meet the maximum foam flow demand for
their intended service.
8.4.6 Water Supply Protection. Design of the system shall include protection of potable water supplies and prevention of
cross connection or contamination.
8.2.6* Discharge Pressure. The discharge pressure of the pump
shall exceed the maximum water pressure under any operating
condition at the point of foam concentrate injection.
8.5 Pump Drivers.
8.3 Water Mist System Pumps.
8.5.2 Reduction Gears.
8.3.1* Positive displacement pumps for water shall have adequate capacities to meet the maximum system demand for their
intended service.
8.5.2.1 If a reduction gear is provided between the driver and
the pump, it shall be listed for the intended use. Reduction
gears shall meet the requirements of AGMA 390.03, Handbook
for Helical and Master Gears.
8.3.2 NPSH shall exceed the pump manufacturer’s required
NPSH plus 5 ft (1.52 m) of liquid.
8.3.3 The inlet pressure to the pump shall not exceed the pump
manufacturer’s recommended maximum inlet pressure.
8.3.4 When the pump output has the potential to exceed the
system flow requirements, a means to relieve the excess flow such
as an unloader valve or orifice shall be provided.
8.3.5 Where the pump is equipped with an unloader valve, it
shall be in addition to the safety relief valve as outlined in 8.4.2.
8.4 Fittings.
8.4.2.3 The relief valve shall be installed on the pump discharge to prevent damage to the fire protection system.
8.5.1* The driver shall be sized for and have enough power to
operate the pump and drive train at all design points.
8.5.2.2 Gears shall be AGMA Class 7 or better, and pinions
shall be AGMA Class 8 or better.
8.5.2.3 Bearings shall be in accordance with AGMA standards
and applied for an L10 life of 15,000 hours.
8.5.2.4 For drive systems that include a gear case, the pump
manufacturer shall provide a complete mass elastic system torsional analysis to ensure there are no damaging stresses or
critical speeds within 25 percent above and below the operating speed of the pump(s) and driver.
8.4.1 Gauges. A compound suction gauge and a discharge
pressure gauge shall be furnished.
8.5.2.4.1 For variable speed drives, the analysis of 8.5.2.4 shall
include all speeds down to 25 percent below the lowest operating speed obtainable with the variable speed drive.
8.4.2* General Information for Relief Valves.
8.5.3 Common Drivers.
8.4.2.1 All pumps shall be equipped with a listed safety relief
valve capable of relieving 100 percent of the rated pump capacity
at a pressure not exceeding 125 percent of the relief valve set
pressure.
8.5.3.1 A single driver shall be permitted to drive more than
one positive displacement pump.
8.4.2.2 The pressure relief valve shall be set such that the
pressure required to discharge the rated pump capacity is at or
below the lowest rated pressure of any component.
8.5.3.2 Redundant pump systems shall not be permitted to
share a common driver.
8.6* Controllers. See Chapters 10 and 12 for requirements for
controllers.
2010 Edition
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8.1.6.2 The dump valve shall operate only for the duration
necessary for the positive displacement pump to achieve operating speed.
20–27
20–28
8.7 Foundation and Setting.
9.2 Normal Power.
8.7.1 The pump and driver shall be mounted on a common
grouted base plate.
9.2.1 An electric motor–driven fire pump shall be provided with
a normal source of power as a continually available source.
8.7.2 The base plate shall be securely attached to a solid foundation in such a way that proper pump and driver shaft alignment will be maintained.
9.2.2 The normal source of power required in 9.2.1 and its routing shall be arranged in accordance with one of the following:
8.7.3 The foundation shall provide a solid support for the
base plate.
8.8 Driver Connection and Alignment.
8.8.1 The pump and driver shall be connected by a listed,
closed coupled, flexible coupling or timing gear type of belt
drive coupling.
8.8.2 The coupling shall be selected to ensure that it is capable
of transmitting the horsepower of the driver and does not exceed
the manufacturer’s maximum recommended horsepower and
operating speed.
8.8.3 Pumps and drivers shall be aligned once final base plate
placement is complete.
8.8.4 Alignment shall be in accordance with the coupling
manufacturer’s specifications.
8.8.5 The operating angle for the flexible coupling shall not
exceed the recommended tolerances.
8.9 Flow Test Devices.
8.9.1 A positive displacement pump installation shall be arranged to allow the test of the pump at its rated conditions as
well as the suction supply at the maximum flow available from
the pump.
8.9.2 Additive pumping systems shall be equipped with a flow
meter or orifice plate installed in a test loop back to the additive supply tank.
8.9.3 Water pumping systems shall be equipped with a flowmeter or orifice plate installed in a test loop back to the water
supply, tank, inlet side of the water pump, or drain.
Chapter 9
Electric Drive for Pumps
9.1 General.
9.1.1 This chapter covers the minimum performance and
testing requirements of the sources and transmission of electrical power to motors driving fire pumps.
9.1.2 This chapter also covers the minimum performance
requirements of all intermediate equipment between the
source(s) and the pump, including the motor(s) but excepting the electric fire pump controller, transfer switch,
and accessories (see Chapter 10).
9.1.3 All electrical equipment and installation methods shall
comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 695, and
other applicable articles.
9.1.4* All power supplies shall be located and arranged to
protect against damage by fire from within the premises and
exposing hazards.
9.1.5 All power supplies shall have the capacity to run the fire
pump on a continuous basis.
9.1.6 All power supplies shall comply with the voltage drop
requirements of Section 9.4.
9.1.7* Phase converters shall not be used to supply power to a
fire pump.
2010 Edition
(1) Service connection dedicated to the fire pump installation
(2) On-site power production facility connection dedicated
to the fire pump installation
(3) Dedicated feeder connection derived directly from the
dedicated service to the fire pump installation
(4) As a feeder connection where all of the following conditions are met:
(a) The protected facility is part of a multibuilding
campus-style arrangement.
(b) A backup source of power is provided from a source
independent of the normal source of power.
(c) It is impractical to supply the normal source of
power through the arrangement in 9.2.2(1),
9.2.2(2), or 9.2.2(3).
(d) The arrangement is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
(e) The overcurrent protection device(s) in each disconnecting means is selectively coordinated with any
other supply side overcurrent protective device(s).
(5) Dedicated transformer connection directly from the service meeting the requirements of Article 695 of NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code
9.2.3 For fire pump installations using the arrangement of
9.2.2(1), 9.2.2(2), 9.2.2(3), or 9.2.2(5) for the normal source
of power, no more than one disconnecting means and associated overcurrent protection device shall be installed in the
power supply to the fire pump controller.
9.2.3.1 Where the disconnecting means permitted by 9.2.3 is
installed, the disconnecting means shall meet all of the following:
(1) They shall be identified as being suitable for use as service
equipment.
(2) They shall be lockable in the closed position.
(3)*They shall be located remote from other building disconnecting means.
(4)*They shall be located remote from other fire pump
source disconnecting means.
(5) They shall be marked “Fire Pump Disconnecting Means” in
letters that are no less than 1 in. (25 mm) in height and that
can be seen without opening enclosure doors or covers.
installed, a placard shall be placed adjacent to the fire pump
controller stating the location of this disconnecting means
and the location of any key needed to unlock the disconnect.
installed, the disconnect shall be supervised in the closed position by one of the following methods:
(1) Central station, proprietary, or remote station signal device
(2) Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an
audible signal at a constantly attended location
(3) Locking the disconnecting means in the closed position
(4) Sealing of disconnecting means and approved weekly recorded inspections where the disconnecting means are
located within fenced enclosures or in buildings under
the control of the owner
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20–29
ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR PUMPS
9.2.3.4 Where the overcurrent protection permitted by 9.2.3
is installed, the overcurrent protection device shall be rated to
carry indefinitely the sum of the locked rotor current of the
fire pump motor(s) and the pressure maintenance pump motor(s) and the full-load current of the associated fire pump
accessory equipment.
Table 9.5.1.1 Horsepower and Locked Rotor Current Motor
Designation for NEMA Design B Motors
9.3 Alternate Power.
9.3.1 Except for an arrangement described in 9.3.3, at least
one alternate source of power shall be provided where the
height of the structure is beyond the pumping capacity of the
fire department apparatus.
9.3.2* Other Sources. Except for an arrangement described in
9.3.3, at least one alternate source of power shall be provided
where the normal source is not reliable.
9.3.3 An alternate source of power is not required where a
backup engine−driven or backup steam turbine–driven fire
pump is installed in accordance with this standard.
9.3.4 Where provided, the alternate source of power shall be
supplied from one of the following sources:
(1) A generator installed in accordance with Section 9.6
(2) One of the sources identified in 9.2.2(1), 9.2.2(2), 9.2.2(3),
or 9.2.2(5) where the power is provided independent of the
normal source of power
9.3.5 Where provided, the alternate supply shall be arranged
so that the power to the fire pump is not disrupted when overhead lines are de-energized for fire department operations.
9.3.6 Two or More Alternate Sources. Where the alternate
source consists of two or more sources of power and one of the
sources is a dedicated feeder derived from a utility service
separate from that used by the normal source, the disconnecting means, overcurrent protective device, and conductors
shall not be required to meet the requirements of Section 9.2
and shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.
9.4* Voltage Drop.
9.4.1 Unless the requirements of 9.4.2 or 9.4.3 are met, the
voltage at the controller line terminals shall not drop more
than 15 percent below normal (controller-rated voltage) under motor-starting conditions.
9.4.2 The requirements of 9.4.1 shall not apply to emergencyrun mechanical starting. (See 10.5.3.2.)
9.4.3 The requirements of 9.4.1 shall not apply to the bypass
mode of a variable speed pressure limiting control (see 10.10.3),
provided a successful start can be demonstrated on the standby
gen-set.
9.4.4 The voltage at the motor terminals shall not drop more
than 5 percent below the voltage rating of the motor when the
motor is operating at 115 percent of the full-load current rating of the motor.
9.5 Motors.
Motor Designation
(NFPA 70, Locked
Rotor Indicating
Code Letter) “F” to
and Including
5
71⁄2
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
46
64
81
116
145
183
217
290
362
435
543
725
908
1085
1450
1825
2200
2550
2900
3250
3625
J
H
H
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
9.5.1.2 The requirements of 9.5.1.1 shall not apply to directcurrent, high-voltage (over 600 V), large-horsepower [over
500 hp (373 kW)], single-phase, universal-type, or wound-rotor
motors, which shall be permitted to be used where approved.
9.5.1.3 Part-winding motors shall have a 50-50 winding ratio
in order to have equal currents in both windings while running at nominal speed.
9.5.1.4 Motors used with variable speed controllers shall additionally meet the applicable requirements of NEMA MG-1, Motors
and Generators, Part 31 and shall be marked for inverter duty.
9.5.1.5* The corresponding values of locked rotor current for
motors rated at other voltages shall be determined by multiplying the values shown by the ratio of 460 V to the rated
voltage in Table 9.5.1.1.
9.5.1.6 Code letters of motors for all other voltages shall conform with those shown for 460 V in Table 9.5.1.1.
9.5.1.7 All motors shall be rated for continuous duty.
9.5.1.8 Electric motor–induced transients shall be coordinated with the provisions of 10.4.3.3 to prevent nuisance tripping of motor controller protective devices.
9.5.1.9 Motors for Vertical Shaft Turbine–Type Pumps.
9.5.1 General.
9.5.1.1 All motors shall comply with NEMA MG-1, Motors and
Generators, shall be marked as complying with NEMA Design B
standards, and shall be specifically listed for fire pump service.
(See Table 9.5.1.1.)
9.5.1.9.1 Motors for vertical shaft turbine–type pumps shall
be dripproof, squirrel-cage induction type.
9.5.1.9.2 The motor shall be equipped with a nonreverse
ratchet.
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Rated
Horsepower
Locked Rotor
Current
Three-Phase
460 V (A)
2010 Edition
20–30
9.5.2 Current Limits.
9.5.2.1 The motor capacity in horsepower shall be such that
the maximum motor current in any phase under any condition of pump load and voltage unbalance shall not exceed the
motor-rated full-load current multiplied by the service factor.
9.5.2.2 The following shall apply to the service factor:
(1) The maximum service factor at which a motor shall be
used is 1.15.
(2) Where the motor is used with a variable speed pressure
limiting controller, the service factor shall not be used.
9.5.2.3 These service factors shall be in accordance with
NEMA MG-1, Motors and Generators.
9.5.2.4 General-purpose (open and dripproof) motors, totally enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC) motors, and totally enclosed
nonventilated (TENV) motors shall not have a service factor
larger than 1.15.
9.5.2.5 Motors used at altitudes above 3300 ft (1000 m) shall
be operated or derated according to NEMA MG-1, Motors and
Generators, Part 14.
9.7 Junction Boxes. Where fire pump wiring to or from a fire
pump controller is routed through a junction box, the following requirements shall be met:
(1) The junction box shall be securely mounted.
(2)*Mounting and installation of a junction box shall not violate
the enclosure type rating of the fire pump controller(s).
(3)*Mounting and installation of a junction box shall not violate the integrity of the fire pump controller(s) and shall
not affect the short circuit rating of the controller(s).
(4) As a minimum, a Type 2, dripproof enclosure (junction
box) shall be used. The enclosure shall be listed to match
the fire pump controller enclosure type rating.
(5) Terminals, junction blocks, and splices, where used, shall be
listed.
9.8 Listed Electrical Circuit Protective System to Controller
Wiring.
9.8.1* Where single conductors (individual conductors) are
used, they shall be terminated in a separate junction box. Single
conductors (individual conductors) shall not enter the fire
pump enclosure separately.
9.5.3.1 Marking of motor terminals shall be in accordance
with NEMA MG-1, Motors and Generators, Part 2.
9.8.2* The raceway between a junction box and the fire pump
controller shall be sealed at the junction box end with an identified compound and in accordance with the instructions of
the electrical circuit protective systems if provided.
9.5.3.2 A motor terminal connecting diagram for multiple
lead motors shall be furnished by the motor manufacturer.
9.8.3 Standard wiring between the junction box and the controller is acceptable.
9.6 On-Site Standby Generator Systems.
9.9 Raceway Terminations.
9.6.1 Capacity.
9.9.1 Listed conduit hubs shall be used to terminate raceway
(conduit) to the fire pump controller.
9.5.3 Marking.
9.6.1.1 Where on-site generator systems are used to supply
power to fire pump motors to meet the requirements of 9.3.2,
they shall be of sufficient capacity to allow normal starting and
running of the motor(s) driving the fire pump(s) while supplying all other simultaneously operated load(s) while meeting the requirements of Section 9.4.
9.6.1.2 A tap ahead of the on-site generator disconnecting
means shall not be required.
9.9.2 The type rating of the conduit hub(s) shall be at least
equal to that of the fire pump controller.
9.9.3 The installation instructions of the manufacturer of the
fire pump controller shall be followed.
9.9.4 Alterations to the fire pump controller, other than conduit entry as allowed by NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, shall
be approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
9.6.2* Power Sources.
9.6.2.1 On-site standby generator systems shall comply with
Section 9.4 and shall meet the requirements of Level 1,
Type 10, Class X systems of NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency
and Standby Power Systems.
9.6.2.2 The engine shall run and continue to produce rated
nameplate power without shutdown or de-rate for alarms and
warnings, or failed engine sensors, except for overspeed shutdown.
9.6.3 Sequencing. Automatic sequencing of the fire pumps
shall be permitted in accordance with 10.5.2.5.
9.6.4 Transfer of Power. Transfer of power to the fire pump
controller between the normal supply and one alternate supply shall take place within the pump room.
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9.6.2.3 The fuel supply capacity shall be sufficient to provide
8 hours of fire pump operation at 100 percent of the rated pump
capacity in addition to the supply required for other demands.
9.6.5* Protective Devices. Protective devices installed in the
on-site power source circuits at the generator shall allow instantaneous pickup of the full pump room load and shall comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Section 700.27.
2010 Edition
Chapter 10
Electric-Drive Controllers and
Accessories
10.1 General.
10.1.1 Application.
10.1.1.1 This chapter covers the minimum performance and
testing requirements for controllers and transfer switches for
electric motors driving fire pumps.
10.1.1.2 Accessory devices, including fire pump alarm and signaling means, are included where necessary to ensure the minimum performance of the equipment mentioned in 10.1.1.1.
10.1.2 Performance and Testing.
10.1.2.1 Listing. All controllers and transfer switches shall be
specifically listed for electric motor–driven fire pump service.
10.1.2.2* Marking.
10.1.2.2.1 The controller and transfer switch shall be suitable
for the available short-circuit current at the line terminals of
the controller and transfer switch.
ELECTRIC-DRIVE CONTROLLERS AND ACCESSORIES
10.1.2.2.2 The controller and transfer switch shall be marked
“Suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more
than ____ amperes RMS symmetrical at ____ volts ac,” or “____
amperes RMS symmetrical at ___ volts ac short-circuit current
rating,” or equivalent, where the blank spaces shown shall
have appropriate values filled in for each installation.
10.3.3.2 Where the equipment is located outside, or where special environments exist, suitably rated enclosures shall be used.
10.1.2.3 Preshipment. All controllers shall be completely assembled, wired, and tested by the manufacturer before shipment
from the factory. Controllers shipped in sections shall be completely assembled, wired, and tested by the manufacturer before
shipment from the factory. Such controllers shall be reassembled
in the field, and the proper assembly shall be verified by the
manufacturer or designated representative.
10.3.4.1 All busbars and connections shall be readily accessible for maintenance work after installation of the controller.
10.3.3.3 The enclosure(s) shall be grounded in accordance
with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 250.
10.3.4 Connections and Wiring.
•
10.1.2.4 Service Equipment Listing. All controllers and transfer switches shall be listed as “suitable for use as service equipment” where so used.
conductors that are in a circuit only during the motor starting
period, which shall be permitted to be designed accordingly.
10.1.2.5.2 Where multiple pumps serve different areas or
portions of the facility, an appropriate sign shall be conspicuously attached to each controller indicating the area, zone, or
portion of the system served by that pump or pump controller.
10.1.2.7 State of Readiness. The controller shall be in a fully
functional state within 10 seconds upon application of ac power.
10.1.3* Design. All electrical control equipment design shall
comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 695, and
other applicable documents.
10.2 Location.
10.2.1* Controllers shall be located as close as is practical to the
motors they control and shall be within sight of the motors.
10.2.2 Controllers shall be located or protected so that they
will not be damaged by water escaping from pumps or pump
connections.
10.3.4.3 Means shall be provided on the exterior of the controller to read all line currents and all line voltages with an accuracy
within ±5 percent of motor nameplate voltage and current.
10.3.4.4.1 Unless the requirements of 10.3.4.4.2 are met, busbars and other wiring elements of the controller shall be designed on a continuous-duty basis.
10.1.2.5.1 All controllers shall be marked “Electric Fire Pump
Controller” and shall show plainly the name of the manufacturer,
identifying designation, maximum operating pressure, enclosure type designation, and complete electrical rating.
10.1.2.6 Service Arrangements. It shall be the responsibility of
the pump manufacturer or its designated representative to make
necessary arrangements for the services of a manufacturer’s representative when needed for service and adjustment of the equipment during the installation, testing, and warranty periods.
10.3.4.2 All busbars and connections shall be arranged so
that disconnection of the external circuit conductors will not
be required.
10.3.4.4 Continuous-Duty Basis.
10.1.2.5 Additional Marking.
10.3.4.5 Field Connections.
10.3.4.5.1 A fire pump controller shall not be used as a junction box to supply other equipment.
•
10.3.4.5.2 No undervoltage, phase loss, frequency sensitive, or
other device(s) shall be field installed that automatically or
manually prohibits electrical actuation of the motor contactor.
10.3.4.6 Electrical supply conductors for pressure maintenance (jockey or make-up) pump(s) shall not be connected to
the fire pump controller.
10.3.5 Protection of Control Circuits.
10.3.5.1 Circuits that are necessary for proper operation of
the controller shall not have overcurrent protective devices
connected in them.
10.3.5.2 The secondary of the transformer and control circuitry shall be permitted to be ungrounded except as required
in 10.6.5.4.
10.3.6* External Operation. All switching equipment for
manual use in connecting or disconnecting or starting or stopping the motor shall be externally operable.
10.2.3 Current-carrying parts of controllers shall be not less
than 12 in. (305 mm) above the floor level.
10.3.7 Electrical Diagrams and Instructions.
10.2.4 Working clearances around controllers shall comply
10.3.7.1 An electrical schematic diagram shall be provided
and permanently attached to the inside of the controller enclosure.
10.3 Construction.
10.3.1 Equipment. All equipment shall be suitable for use in
locations subject to a moderate degree of moisture, such as a
damp basement.
10.3.2 Mounting. All equipment shall be mounted in a substantial manner on a single noncombustible supporting structure.
10.3.3 Enclosures.
10.3.3.1* The structure or panel shall be securely mounted in, as
a minimum, a National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA) Type 2, dripproof enclosure(s) or an enclosure(s) with
an ingress protection (IP) rating of IP31.
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20–31
10.3.7.2 All the field wiring terminals shall be plainly marked
to correspond with the field connection diagram furnished.
10.3.7.3* Complete instructions covering the operation of the
controller shall be provided and conspicuously mounted on
the controller.
10.3.8 Marking.
10.3.8.1 Each motor control device and each switch and circuit breaker shall be marked to plainly indicate the name of
the manufacturer, the designated identifying number, and the
electrical rating in volts, horsepower, amperes, frequency,
phases, and so forth, as appropriate.
2010 Edition
20–32
10.3.8.2 The markings shall be so located as to be visible after
installation.
10.4.2.5 Operating Handle.
10.4.2.5.1 Unless the requirements of 10.4.2.5.2 are met, the
isolating switch operating handle shall be provided with a spring
latch that shall be so arranged that it requires the use of the other
hand to hold the latch released in order to permit opening or
closing of the switch.
10.4 Components.
10.4.1* Voltage Surge Arrester.
10.4.1.1 Unless the requirements of 10.4.1.3 or 10.4.1.4 are
met, a voltage surge arrester complying with ANSI/IEEE C62.1,
IEEE Standard for Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power
Circuits, or ANSI/IEEE C62.11, IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge
Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits (>1 kV), shall be installed from each phase to ground. (See 10.3.3.3.)
10.4.2.5.2 The requirements of 10.4.2.5.1 shall not apply
where the isolating switch and the circuit breaker are so interlocked that the isolating switch can be neither opened nor
closed while the circuit breaker is closed.
10.4.3 Circuit Breaker (Disconnecting Means).
10.4.1.3 The requirements of 10.4.1.1 and 10.4.1.2 shall not
apply to controllers rated in excess of 600 V. (See Section 10.6.)
10.4.1.4 The requirements of 10.4.1.1 and 10.4.1.2 shall
not apply where the controller can withstand without damage a 10 kV impulse in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C62.41,
IEEE Recommended Practice for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC
Power Circuits.
10.4.2 Isolating Switch.
10.4.2.1 General.
10.4.2.1.1 The isolating switch shall be a manually operable
motor circuit switch or a molded case switch having a horsepower rating equal to or greater than the motor horsepower.
10.4.2.1.2* A molded case switch having an ampere rating not
less than 115 percent of the motor rated full-load current and
also suitable for interrupting the motor locked rotor current
shall be permitted.
10.4.2.1.3 A molded case isolating switch shall be permitted
to have self-protecting instantaneous short-circuit overcurrent
protection, provided that this switch does not trip unless the
circuit breaker in the same controller trips.
10.4.2.2 Externally Operable. The isolating switch shall be externally operable.
10.4.2.3* Ampere Rating. The ampere rating of the isolating
switch shall be at least 115 percent of the full-load current rating
of the motor.
10.4.2.4 Warning.
10.4.2.4.1 Unless the requirements of 10.4.2.4.2 are met, the
following warning shall appear on or immediately adjacent to
the isolating switch:
WARNING
DO NOT OPEN OR CLOSE THIS SWITCH WHILE
THE CIRCUIT BREAKER (DISCONNECTING MEANS)
IS IN CLOSED POSITION.
10.4.2.4.2 Instruction Label. The requirements of 10.4.2.4.1
shall not apply where the requirements of 10.4.2.4.2.1 and
10.4.2.4.2.2 are met.
10.4.2.4.2.1 Where the isolating switch and the circuit breaker
are so interlocked that the isolating switch can be neither opened
nor closed while the circuit breaker is closed, the warning label
shall be permitted to be replaced with an instruction label that
directs the order of operation.
10.4.2.4.2.2 This label shall be permitted to be part of the label
required by 10.3.7.3.
2010 Edition
•
10.4.3.1* General. The motor branch circuit shall be protected by a circuit breaker that shall be connected directly to
the load side of the isolating switch and shall have one pole for
each ungrounded circuit conductor.
10.4.3.2 Mechanical Characteristics. The circuit breaker shall
have the following mechanical characteristics:
(1) It shall be externally operable. (See 10.3.6.)
(2) It shall trip free of the handle.
(3) A nameplate with the legend “Circuit breaker — disconnecting means” in letters not less than 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) high shall
be located on the outside of the controller enclosure adjacent to the means for operating the circuit breaker.
10.4.3.3* Electrical Characteristics.
10.4.3.3.1 The circuit breaker shall have the following electrical characteristics:
(1) A continuous current rating not less than 115 percent of
the rated full-load current of the motor
(2) Overcurrent-sensing elements of the nonthermal type
(3) Instantaneous short-circuit overcurrent protection
(4)*An adequate interrupting rating to provide the suitability
rating 10.1.2.2 of the controller
(5) Capability of allowing normal and emergency starting and
running of the motor without tripping (see 10.5.3.2)
(6) An instantaneous trip setting of not more than 20 times
the full-load current
10.4.3.3.2* Current limiters, where integral parts of the circuit
breaker, shall be permitted to be used to obtain the required
interrupting rating, provided all the following requirements
are met:
(1) The breaker shall accept current limiters of only one rating.
(2) The current limiters shall hold 300 percent of full-load
motor current for a minimum of 30 minutes.
(3) The current limiters, where installed in the breaker, shall
not open at locked rotor current.
(4) A spare set of current limiters of correct rating shall be
kept readily available in a compartment or rack within the
controller enclosure.
10.4.4 Locked Rotor Overcurrent Protection. The only other
overcurrent protective device that shall be required and permitted between the isolating switch and the fire pump motor
shall be located within the fire pump controller and shall possess the following characteristics:
(1) For a squirrel-cage or wound-rotor induction motor, the
device shall be as follows:
(a) Of the time-delay type having a tripping time between
8 seconds and 20 seconds at locked rotor current
(b) Calibrated and set at a minimum of 300 percent of
motor full-load current
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10.4.1.2 The surge arrester shall be rated to suppress voltage
surges above line voltage.
•
(2) For a direct-current motor, the device shall be as follows:
(a) Of the instantaneous type
(b) Calibrated and set at a minimum of 400 percent of
motor full-load current
(3)*There shall be visual means or markings clearly indicated
on the device that proper settings have been made.
(4) It shall be possible to reset the device for operation immediately after tripping, with the tripping characteristics
thereafter remaining unchanged.
(5) Tripping shall be accomplished by opening the circuit
breaker, which shall be of the external manual reset type.
10.4.5 Motor Starting Circuitry.
10.4.5.1 Motor Contactor. The motor contactor shall be horsepower rated and shall be of the magnetic type with a contact in
each ungrounded conductor.
10.4.5.1.1 Running contactors shall be sized for both the
locked rotor currents and the continuous running currents
encountered.
10.4.5.1.2 Starting contactors shall be sized for both the
locked rotor current and the acceleration (starting) encountered.
10.4.6* Signal Devices on Controller.
10.4.6.1 Power Available Visible Indicator.
10.4.6.1.1 A visible indicator shall monitor the availability of
power in all phases at the line terminals of the motor contactor or of the bypass contactor, if provided.
10.4.6.1.2 If the visible indicator is a pilot lamp, it shall be accessible for replacement.
10.4.6.1.3 When power is supplied from multiple power
sources, monitoring of each power source for phase loss shall
be permitted at any point electrically upstream of the line terminals of the contactor, provided all sources are monitored.
10.4.6.2 Phase Reversal.
10.4.6.2.1 Phase reversal of the power source to which the
line terminals of the motor contactor are connected shall be
indicated by a visible indicator.
10.4.6.2.2 When power is supplied from multiple power
sources, monitoring of each power source for phase reversal shall
10.4.7* Fire Pump Alarm and Signal Devices Remote from
Controller.
10.4.5.2.1 For electrical operation of reduced-voltage controllers, timed automatic acceleration of the motor shall be
provided.
10.4.7.1 Where the pump room is not constantly attended,
audible or visible signals powered by a source not exceeding
125 V shall be provided at a point of constant attendance.
10.4.5.2.2 The period of motor acceleration shall not exceed
10 seconds.
10.4.7.2 These fire pump alarms and signals shall indicate
the information in 10.4.7.2.1 through 10.4.7.2.4.
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10.4.5.2 Timed Acceleration.
10.4.5.3 Starting Resistors. Starting resistors shall be designed to permit one 5-second starting operation every
80 seconds for a period of not less than 1 hour.
10.4.5.4 Starting Reactors and Autotransformers.
10.4.5.4.1 Starting reactors and autotransformers shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/UL 508, Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, Table 92.1.
10.4.5.4.2 Starting reactors and autotransformers over 200 hp
shall be permitted to be designed to Part 3 of ANSI/UL 508,
Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, Table 92.1, in lieu of Part 4.
10.4.5.5 Soft Start Units.
10.4.5.5.1 Soft start units shall be horsepower rated or specifically designed for the service.
10.4.5.5.2 The bypass contactor shall comply with 10.4.5.1.
10.4.5.5.3 Soft start units shall comply with the duty cycle
requirements in accordance with 10.4.5.4.1 and 10.4.5.4.2.
10.4.5.6 Operating Coils. For controllers of 600 V or less, the
operating coil(s) for any motor contactor(s) and any bypass
contactor(s), if provided, shall be supplied directly from the
main power voltage and not through a transformer.
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10.4.5.7* Single-Phase Sensors in Controller.
10.4.5.7.1 Sensors shall be permitted to prevent a threephase motor from starting under single-phase condition.
10.4.5.7.2 Such sensors shall not cause disconnection of the
motor if it is running at the time of single-phase occurrence.
10.4.5.7.3 Such sensors shall be monitored to provide a local
visible signal in the event of malfunction of the sensors.
10.4.7.2.1 Pump or Motor Running. The signal shall actuate
whenever the controller has operated into a motor-running
condition. This signal circuit shall be energized by a separate
reliable supervised power source or from the pump motor
power, reduced to not more than 125 V.
10.4.7.2.2 Loss of Phase.
10.4.7.2.2.1 The fire pump alarm shall actuate whenever any
phase at the line terminals of the motor contactor is lost.
10.4.7.2.2.2 All phases shall be monitored. Such monitoring
shall detect loss of phase whether the motor is running or at rest.
10.4.7.2.2.3 When power is supplied from multiple power
sources, monitoring of each power source for phase loss shall
10.4.7.2.3 Phase Reversal. (See 10.4.6.2.) This fire pump
alarm circuit shall be energized by a separate reliable supervised power source or from the pump motor power, reduced
to not more than 125 V. The fire pump alarm shall actuate
whenever the three-phase power at the line terminals of the
motor contactor is reversed.
10.4.7.2.4 Controller Connected to Alternate Source. Where
two sources of power are supplied to meet the requirements of
9.3.2, this signal shall indicate whenever the alternate source is
the source supplying power to the controller. This signal circuit shall be energized by a separate, reliable, supervised
power source, reduced to not more than 125 V.
10.4.8 Controller Contacts for Remote Indication. Controllers shall be equipped with contacts (open or closed) to operate circuits for the conditions in 10.4.7.2.1 through 10.4.7.2.3
2010 Edition
20–34
and when a controller is equipped with a transfer switch in
accordance with 10.4.7.2.4.
10.5 Starting and Control.
10.5.1* Automatic and Nonautomatic.
10.5.1.1 An automatic controller shall be self-acting to start,
run, and protect a motor.
10.5.2.2 Nonpressure Switch–Actuated Automatic Controller.
10.5.1.2 An automatic controller shall be arranged to start
the driver upon actuation of a pressure switch or nonpressure
switch actuated in accordance with 10.5.2.1 or 10.5.2.2.
10.5.2.2.1 Nonpressure switch–actuated automatic fire pump
controllers shall commence the controller’s starting sequence
by the automatic opening of a remote contact(s).
10.5.1.3 An automatic controller shall be operable also as a
nonautomatic controller.
10.5.2.2.2 The pressure switch shall not be required.
10.5.1.4 A nonautomatic controller shall be actuated by manually initiated electrical means and by manually initiated mechanical means.
10.5.2.2.3 There shall be no means capable of stopping the
fire pump motor except those on the fire pump controller.
10.5.2.3 Fire Protection Equipment Control.
10.5.2.1.1 Pressure-Actuated Switches.
10.5.2.3.1 Where the pump supplies special water control
equipment (deluge valves, dry pipe valves, etc.), it shall be
permitted to start the motor before the pressure-actuated
switch(es) would do so.
10.5.2.1.1.1 There shall be provided a pressure-actuated
switch or electronic pressure sensor having adjustable highand low-calibrated set-points as part of the controller.
10.5.2.3.2 Under such conditions the controller shall be
equipped to start the motor upon operation of the fire protection equipment.
10.5.2.1.1.2 The requirements of 10.5.2.1.1.1 shall not apply
in a nonpressure-actuated controller, where the pressureactuated switch shall not be required.
10.5.2.3.3 Starting of the motor shall be initiated by the
opening of the control circuit loop containing this fire protection equipment.
10.5.2.1.2 There shall be no pressure snubber or restrictive
orifice employed within the pressure switch or pressure responsive means.
10.5.2.4 Manual Electric Control at Remote Station. Where
additional control stations for causing nonautomatic continuous operation of the pumping unit, independent of the
pressure-actuated switch, are provided at locations remote
from the controller, such stations shall not be operable to stop
the motor.
10.5.2 Automatic Controller.
10.5.2.1* Water Pressure Control.
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10.5.2.1.3 There shall be no valve or other restrictions within
the controller ahead of the pressure switch or pressure responsive means.
10.5.2.1.4 This switch shall be responsive to water pressure in
the fire protection system.
10.5.2.1.5 The pressure-sensing element of the switch shall be
capable of withstanding a momentary surge pressure of 400 psi
(27.6 bar) or 133 percent of fire pump controller rated operating
pressure, whichever is higher, without losing its accuracy.
10.5.2.1.6 Suitable provision shall be made for relieving pressure to the pressure-actuated switch to allow testing of the operation of the controller and the pumping unit. [See Figure A.4.30(a)
and Figure A.4.30(b).]
10.5.2.1.7.5 For variable speed pressure limiting control, a
⁄ in. (15 mm) nominal size inside diameter pressure line
shall be connected to the discharge piping at a point recommended by the variable speed control manufacturer. The
connection shall be between the discharge check valve and
the discharge control valve.
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10.5.2.5 Sequence Starting of Pumps.
10.5.2.5.1 The controller for each unit of multiple pump units
shall incorporate a sequential timing device to prevent any one
driver from starting simultaneously with any other driver.
10.5.2.5.2 Each pump supplying suction pressure to another
pump shall be arranged to start within 10 seconds before the
pump it supplies.
10.5.2.5.3 If water requirements call for more than one
pumping unit to operate, the units shall start at intervals of
5 to 10 seconds.
10.5.2.1.7 Water pressure control shall be in accordance with
10.5.2.1.7.1 through 10.5.2.1.7.5.
10.5.2.5.4 Failure of a leading driver to start shall not prevent
subsequent pumping units from starting.
10.5.2.1.7.1 Pressure switch actuation at the low adjustment
setting shall initiate pump starting sequence (if pump is not
already in operation).
10.5.2.6 External Circuits Connected to Controllers.
10.5.2.1.7.2* A listed pressure recording device shall be installed to sense and record the pressure in each fire pump
controller pressure-sensing line at the input to the controller.
10.5.2.1.7.3 The recorder shall be capable of operating for at
least 7 days without being reset or rewound.
10.5.2.1.7.4 The pressure-sensing element of the recorder
shall be capable of withstanding a momentary surge pressure
of at least 400 psi (27.6 bar) or 133 percent of fire pump controller rated operating pressure, whichever is greater, without
losing its accuracy.
2010 Edition
10.5.2.6.1 External control circuits that extend outside the fire
pump room shall be arranged so that failure of any external circuit (open, ground-fault, or short circuit) shall not prevent operation of pump(s) from all other internal or external means.
10.5.2.6.2 Breakage, disconnecting, shorting of the wires,
ground fault, or loss of power to these circuits shall be permitted to cause continuous running of the fire pump but shall not
prevent the controller(s) from starting the fire pump(s) due
to causes other than these external circuits.
10.5.2.6.3 All control conductors within the fire pump room
that are not fault tolerant as described in 10.5.2.6.1 and
10.5.2.6.2 shall be protected against mechanical injury.
10.5.3 Nonautomatic Controller.
10.5.3.1 Manual Electric Control at Controller.
10.5.3.1.1 There shall be a manually operated switch on the
control panel so arranged that, when the motor is started manually, its operation cannot be affected by the pressure-actuated
switch.
10.5.3.1.2 The arrangement shall also provide that the unit
will remain in operation until manually shut down.
10.5.3.2* Emergency-Run Mechanical Control at Controller.
10.5.3.2.1 The controller shall be equipped with an emergencyrun handle or lever that operates to mechanically close the
motor-circuit switching mechanism.
10.5.3.2.1.1 This handle or lever shall provide for nonautomatic continuous running operation of the motor(s), independent of any electric control circuits, magnets, or equivalent devices and independent of the pressure-activated control switch.
10.5.3.2.1.2 Means shall be incorporated for mechanically
latching or holding the handle or lever for manual operation
in the actuated position.
10.5.3.2.1.3 The mechanical latching shall not be automatic,
but at the option of the operator.
10.5.3.2.2 The handle or lever shall be arranged to move in
one direction only from the off position to the final position.
10.5.3.2.3 The motor starter shall return automatically to the
off position in case the operator releases the starter handle or
lever in any position but the full running position.
10.5.4 Methods of Stopping. Shutdown shall be accomplished by the methods in 10.5.4.1 and 10.5.4.2.
10.6.2.3 An indicating voltmeter(s), deriving power of not
more than 125 V from a transformer(s) connected to the highvoltage supply, shall also be provided with a suitable means for
reading each phase voltage.
10.6.3 Disconnecting Under Load.
10.6.3.1 Provisions shall be made to prevent the isolating
switch from being opened under load.
10.6.3.2 A load-break disconnecting means shall be permitted to be used in lieu of the isolating switch if the fault closing
and interrupting ratings equal or exceed the requirements of
the installation.
10.6.4 Pressure-Actuated Switch Location. Special precautions
shall be taken in locating the pressure-actuated switch called for
in 10.5.2.1 to prevent any water leakage from coming in contact
with high-voltage components.
10.6.5 Low-Voltage Control Circuit.
10.6.5.1 The low-voltage control circuit shall be supplied
from the high-voltage source through a stepdown transformer(s) protected by high-voltage fuses in each primary line.
10.6.5.2 The transformer power supply shall be interrupted
when the isolating switch is in the open position.
10.6.5.3 The secondary of the transformer and control circuitry shall otherwise comply with 10.3.5.
10.6.5.4 One secondary line of the high voltage transformer or
transformers shall be grounded unless all control and operator
devices are rated for use at the high (primary) voltage.
10.6.5.5 Current Transformers. Unless rated at the incoming
line voltage, the secondaries of all current transformers used
in the high voltage path shall be grounded.
10.5.4.1 Manual. Manual shutdown shall be accomplished by
operation of a pushbutton on the outside of the controller
enclosure that, in the case of automatic controllers, shall return the controller to the full automatic position.
10.6.6 Indicators on Controller.
10.5.4.2 Automatic Shutdown After Automatic Start. Where
provided, automatic shutdown after automatic start shall comply with the following:
10.6.6.2 A visible indicator shall be provided to indicate that
power is available.
(1) Unless the requirements of 10.5.4.2(3) are met, automatic shutdown shall be permitted only where the controller is arranged for automatic shutdown after all starting and running causes have returned to normal.
(2) A running period timer set for at least 10 minutes running
time shall be permitted to commence at initial operation.
(3) The requirements of 10.5.4.2(1) shall not apply and automatic shutdown shall not be permitted where the pump
constitutes the sole supply of a fire sprinkler or standpipe
system or where the authority having jurisdiction has required manual shutdown.
10.6 Controllers Rated in Excess of 600 V.
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10.6.1 Control Equipment. Controllers rated in excess of 600 V
shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 10, except as provided in 10.6.2 through 10.6.8.
10.6.2 Provisions for Testing.
10.6.2.1 The provisions of 10.3.4.3 shall not apply.
10.6.2.2 An ammeter(s) shall be provided on the controller
with a suitable means for reading the current in each phase.
10.6.6.1 Specifications for controllers rated in excess of 600 V
differ from those in 10.4.6.
10.6.6.3 The current supply for the visible indicator shall come
from the secondary of the control circuit transformer through
resistors, if found necessary, or from a small-capacity stepdown
transformer, which shall reduce the control transformer secondary voltage to that required for the visible indicator.
10.6.6.4 If the visible indicator is a pilot lamp, it shall be accessible for replacement.
10.6.7 Protection of Personnel from High Voltage. Necessary
provisions shall be made, including such interlocks as might be
needed, to protect personnel from accidental contact with high
voltage.
10.6.8 Disconnecting Means. A contactor in combination with
current-limiting motor circuit fuses shall be permitted to be
used in lieu of the circuit breaker (disconnecting means) required in 10.4.3.1 if all of the following requirements are met:
(1) Current-limiting motor circuit fuses shall be mounted in
the enclosure between the isolating switch and the contactor and shall interrupt the short-circuit current available at the controller input terminals.
(2) These fuses shall have an adequate interrupting rating to
provide the suitability rating (see 10.1.2.2) of the controller.
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(3) The current-limiting fuses shall be sized to hold
600 percent of the full-load current rating of the motor
for at least 100 seconds.
(4) A spare set of fuses of the correct rating shall be kept
readily available in a compartment or rack within the controller enclosure.
10.6.9 Locked Rotor Overcurrent Protection.
10.6.9.1 Tripping of the locked rotor overcurrent device required by 10.4.4 shall be permitted to be accomplished by
opening the motor contactor coil circuit(s) to drop out the
contactor.
10.6.9.2 Means shall be provided to restore the controller to
normal operation by an external manually reset device.
10.6.10 Emergency-Run Mechanical Control at Controller.
10.6.10.1 The controller shall comply with 10.5.3.2.1 and
10.5.3.2.2 except that the mechanical latching can be automatic.
10.6.10.2 Where the contactor is latched in, the locked rotor
overcurrent protection of 10.4.4 shall not be required.
10.7* Limited Service Controllers
10.7.1 Limitations. Limited service controllers consisting of automatic controllers for across-the-line starting of squirrel-cage
motors of 30 hp or less, 600 V or less, shall be permitted to be
installed where such use is acceptable to the authority having
jurisdiction.
10.7.2 Requirements. The provisions of Sections 10.1 through
10.5 shall apply, unless specifically addressed in 10.7.2.1 through
10.7.2.4.
10.7.2.1 In lieu of 10.4.3.3.1(2) and 10.4.4, the locked rotor
overcurrent protection shall be permitted to be achieved by using an inverse time nonadjustable circuit breaker having a standard rating between 150 percent and 250 percent of the motor
full-load current.
10.7.2.2 In lieu of 10.1.2.5.1, each controller shall be marked
“Limited Service Controller” and shall show plainly the name
of the manufacturer, the identifying designation, and the
complete electrical rating.
10.7.2.3 The controller shall have a short-circuit current rating not less than 10,000 A.
10.7.2.4 The manually operated isolating switch specified in
10.4.2 shall not be required.
10.8* Power Transfer for Alternate Power Supply.
10.8.1 General.
10.8.1.1 Where required by the authority having jurisdiction
or to meet the requirements of 9.3.2 where an on-site electrical power transfer device is used for power source selection,
such switch shall comply with the provisions of Section 10.8 as
well as Sections 10.1, 10.2, and 10.3 and 10.4.1.
10.8.1.2 Manual transfer switches shall not be used to transfer power between the normal supply and the alternate supply
to the fire pump controller.
10.8.1.3 No remote device(s) shall be installed that will prevent automatic operation of the transfer switch.
10.8.2* Fire Pump Controller and Transfer Switch Arrangements.
10.8.2.1 Arrangement I (Listed Combination Fire Pump Controller and Power Transfer Switch).
10.8.2.1.1 Self-Contained Power Switching Assembly. Where
the power transfer switch consists of a self-contained power
2010 Edition
switching assembly, such assembly shall be housed in a barriered compartment of the fire pump controller or in a separate
enclosure attached to the controller and marked “Fire Pump
Power Transfer Switch.”
10.8.2.1.2 Isolating Switch.
10.8.2.1.2.1 An isolating switch, complying with 10.4.2, located
within the power transfer switch enclosure or compartment shall
be provided ahead of the alternate input terminals of the transfer
switch.
10.8.2.1.2.2 The isolating switch shall be suitable for the available short circuit of the alternate source.
•
10.8.2.1.3 Circuit Breaker. The transfer switch emergency
side shall be provided with a circuit breaker complying with
10.4.3 and 10.4.4.
10.8.2.1.4 Cautionary Marking. The fire pump controller and
transfer switch (see 10.8.2.1) shall each have a cautionary marking to indicate that the isolation switch for both the controller
and the transfer switch is opened before servicing the controller, transfer switch, or motor.
10.8.2.2 Arrangement II (Individually Listed Fire Pump
Controller and Power Transfer Switch). The following shall
be provided:
(1) A fire pump controller power transfer switch complying
with Sections 9.6 and 10.8 and a fire pump controller shall
be provided.
(2) An isolating switch, or service disconnect where required,
ahead of the normal input terminals of the transfer switch
shall be provided.
(3) The transfer switch overcurrent protection shall be selected or set to indefinitely carry the locked rotor current
of the fire pump motor where the alternate source is supplied by a second utility.
(4) An isolating switch ahead of the alternate source input
terminals of the transfer switch shall meet the following
requirements:
(a) The isolating switch shall be lockable in the on position.
(b) A placard shall be externally installed on the isolating
switch stating “Fire Pump Isolating Switch,” with letters at least 1 in. (25 mm) in height.
(c) A placard shall be placed adjacent to the fire pump controller stating the location of the isolating switch and
the location of the key (if the isolating switch is locked).
(d) The isolating switch shall be supervised to indicate
when it is not closed, by one of the following methods:
i. Central station, proprietary, or remote station
signal service
ii. Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an audible signal at a constantly attended
point
iii. Locking the isolating switch closed
iv. Sealing of isolating switches and approved
weekly recorded inspections where isolating
switches are located within fenced enclosures or
in buildings under the control of the owner
(e) This supervision shall operate an audible and visible
signal on the transfer switch and permit monitoring
at a remote point where required.
10.8.2.3 Transfer Switch. Each fire pump shall have its own
dedicated transfer switch(es) where a transfer switch(es) is required.
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10.8.3.7.2 Transfer to the alternate source shall be inhibited
until there is adequate voltage and frequency to serve the fire
pump load.
10.8.3 Power Transfer Switch Requirements.
10.8.3.1 Listing. The power transfer switch shall be specifically listed for fire pump service.
10.8.3.7.3 Where the alternate source is provided by a second utility power source, the requirements of 10.8.3.7.1
and 10.8.3.7.2 shall not apply, and undervoltage-sensing devices shall monitor all ungrounded conductors in lieu of a
frequency-sensing device.
10.8.3.2 Suitability. The power transfer switch shall be suitable for the available short-circuit currents at the transfer
switch normal and alternate input terminals.
10.8.3.3 Electrically Operated and Mechanically Held. The
power transfer switch shall be electrically operated and mechanically held.
10.8.3.8 Visible Indicators. Two visible indicators shall be provided to externally indicate the power source to which the fire
pump controller is connected.
10.8.3.4 Horsepower or Ampere Rating.
10.8.3.4.1 Where rated in horsepower, the power transfer
switch shall have a horsepower rating at least equal to the motor horsepower.
10.8.3.9 Retransfer.
10.8.3.9.1 Means shall be provided to delay retransfer from
the alternate power source to the normal source until the normal source is stabilized.
10.8.3.4.2 Where rated in amperes, the power transfer switch
shall have an ampere rating not less than 115 percent of the
motor full-load current and also be suitable for switching the
motor locked rotor current.
10.8.3.9.2 This time delay shall be automatically bypassed if
the alternate source fails.
10.8.3.5 Manual Means of Operation.
10.8.3.5.1 A means for safe manual (nonelectrical) operation
of the power transfer switch shall be provided.
10.8.3.10 In-Rush Currents. Means shall be provided to prevent higher than normal in-rush currents when transferring
the fire pump motor from one source to the other.
10.8.3.5.2 This manual means shall not be required to be
externally operable.
10.8.3.11 Overcurrent Protection. The power transfer switch
shall not have integral short circuit or overcurrent protection.
10.8.3.6 Undervoltage-Sensing Devices. Unless the requirements of 10.8.3.6.5 are met, the requirements of 10.8.3.6.1
through 10.8.3.6.4 shall apply. Turning off the normal source
isolating switch or the normal source circuit breaker shall not
inhibit the transfer switch from operating as required by
10.8.3.6.1 through 10.8.3.6.4.
10.8.3.12 Additional Requirements. The following shall be
provided:
(1) A device to delay starting of the alternate source generator to prevent nuisance starting in the event of momentary dips and interruptions of the normal source
(2) A circuit loop to the alternate source generator whereby
either the opening or closing of the circuit will start the
alternate source generator (when commanded by the
power transfer switch) (see 10.8.3.6)
(3) A means to prevent sending of the signal for starting of the
alternate source generator when commanded by the power
transfer switch, if the alternate isolating switch or the alternate circuit breaker is in the open or tripped position
10.8.3.6.2 Where the voltage on any phase at the load terminals of the circuit breaker within the fire pump controller falls
below 85 percent of motor-rated voltage, the power transfer
switch shall automatically initiate starting of the standby generator, if provided and not running, and initiate transfer to
the alternate source.
10.8.3.6.3 Where the voltage on all phases of the normal source
returns to within acceptable limits, the fire pump controller shall
be permitted to be retransferred to the normal source.
10.8.3.6.4 Phase reversal of the normal source power (see
10.4.6.2) shall cause a simulated normal source power failure upon sensing phase reversal.
10.8.3.6.5 The requirements of 10.8.3.6.1 through 10.8.3.6.4
shall not apply where the power transfer switch is electrically
upstream of the fire pump controller circuit breaker, and voltage shall be permitted to be sensed at the input to the power
transfer switch in lieu of at the load terminals of the fire pump
controller circuit breaker.
10.8.3.7 Voltage- and Frequency-Sensing Devices. Unless the requirements of 10.8.3.7.3 are met, the requirements of 10.8.3.7.1
and 10.8.3.7.2 shall apply.
10.8.3.7.1 Voltage- and frequency-sensing devices shall be
provided to monitor at least one ungrounded conductor of
the alternate power source.
•
10.8.3.12.1 The alternate isolating switch and the alternate circuit breaker shall be monitored to indicate when one of them is
in the open or tripped position, as specified in 10.8.3.12(3).
10.8.3.12.2 Supervision shall operate an audible and visible signal on the fire pump controller/automatic transfer switch combination and permit monitoring at a remote point where required.
10.8.3.13 Momentary Test Switch. A momentary test switch,
externally operable, shall be provided on the enclosure that
will simulate a normal power source failure.
10.8.3.14 Remote Indication. Auxiliary open or closed contacts mechanically operated by the fire pump power transfer
switch mechanism shall be provided for remote indication in
accordance with 10.4.8.
10.9 Controllers for Additive Pump Motors.
10.9.1 Control Equipment. Controllers for additive pump motors shall comply with the requirements of Sections 10.1
through 10.5 (and Section 10.8, where required) unless specifically addressed in 10.9.2 through 10.9.5.
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10.8.3.6.1 The power transfer switch shall be provided with
undervoltage-sensing devices to monitor all ungrounded lines
of the normal power source.
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10.9.2 Automatic Starting. In lieu of the pressure-actuated
switch described in 10.5.2.1, automatic starting shall be capable
of being accomplished by the automatic opening of a closed circuit loop containing this fire protection equipment.
10.10.4.1 The variable speed drive shall be line and load isolated when not in operation.
10.9.3.1 Manual shutdown shall be provided.
10.10.4.2 The variable speed drive load isolation contactor
and the bypass contactor shall be mechanically and electrically
interlocked to prevent simultaneous closure.
10.9.3.2 Automatic shutdown shall not be permitted.
10.10.5* Circuit Protection.
10.9.4 Lockout.
10.10.5.1 Separate variable speed drive circuit protection shall
be provided between the line side of the variable speed drive and
the load side of the circuit breaker required in 10.4.3.
10.9.3 Methods of Stopping.
10.9.4.1 Where required, the controller shall contain a lockout feature where used in a duty-standby application.
10.9.4.2 Where supplied, this lockout shall be indicated by a
visible indicator and provisions for annunciating the condition at a remote location.
10.9.5 Marking. The controller shall be marked “Additive
Pump Controller.”
10.10* Controllers with Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control or Variable Speed Suction Limiting Control.
10.10.1 Control Equipment.
10.10.1.1 Controllers equipped with variable speed pressure
limiting control or variable speed suction limiting control
shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 10, except as
provided in 10.10.1 through 10.10.11.
10.10.1.2 Controllers with variable speed pressure limiting
control or variable speed suction limiting control shall be
listed for fire service.
10.10.1.3 The variable speed pressure limiting control or
variable speed suction limiting control shall have a horsepower rating at least equal to the motor horsepower or, where
rated in amperes, shall have an ampere rating not less than the
motor full-load current.
10.10.2 Additional Marking. In addition to the markings required in 10.1.2.5.1, the controller shall be marked with the
maximum ambient temperature rating.
10.10.3* Bypass Operation.
10.10.3.1* Upon failure of the variable speed pressure limiting
control to keep the system pressure at or above the set pressure of
the variable speed pressure limiting control system, the controller shall bypass and isolate the variable speed pressure limiting
control system and operate the pump at rated speed.
10.10.3.1.1 Low Pressure. If the system pressure remains below the set pressure for more than 15 seconds, the bypass operation shall occur.
10.10.3.1.2* Drive Not Operational. If the variable speed drive
indicates that it is not operational within 5 seconds, the bypass
operation shall occur.
10.10.4 Isolation.
10.10.3.1.3* Means shall be provided to prevent higher than
normal in-rush currents when transferring the fire pump motor from the variable speed mode to the bypass mode.
10.10.5.2 The circuit protection required in 10.10.5.1 shall
be coordinated such that the circuit breaker in 10.4.3 does not
trip due to a fault condition in the variable speed circuitry.
10.10.6 Power Quality.
10.10.6.1 Power quality correction equipment shall be located in the variable speed circuit. As a minimum, 5 percent
line reactance shall be provided.
10.10.6.2 Coordination shall not be required where the
system voltage does not exceed 480 V and cable lengths
between the motor and controller do not exceed 100 ft
(30.5 m) (see 10.10.6.3).
10.10.6.3* Where higher system voltages or longer cable
lengths exist, the cable length and motor requirements shall
be coordinated.
10.10.7 Local Control.
10.10.7.1 All control devices required to keep the controller
in automatic operation shall be within lockable enclosures.
10.10.7.2 The variable speed pressure sensing element connected in accordance with 10.5.2.1.7.5 shall only be used to
control the variable speed drive.
10.10.7.3 Means shall be provided to manually select between variable speed and bypass mode.
10.10.7.4 Common pressure control shall not be used for
multiple pump installations. Each controller pressure sensing
control circuit shall operate independently.
10.10.8 Indicating Devices on Controller.
10.10.8.1 Drive Failure. A visible indicator shall be provided
to indicate when the variable speed drive has failed.
10.10.8.2 Bypass Mode. A visible indicator shall be provided
to indicate when the controller is in bypass mode.
10.10.8.3 Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control Overpressure. Visible indication shall be provided on all controllers
equipped with variable speed pressure limiting control to actuate at 115 percent of set pressure.
10.10.9 Controller Contacts for Remote Indication. Controllers shall be equipped with contacts (open or closed) to operate circuits for the conditions in 10.10.8.
10.10.10 System Performance.
10.10.3.2 When the variable speed pressure limiting control is
bypassed, the unit shall remain bypassed until manually restored.
10.10.10.1* The controller shall be provided with suitable adjusting means to account for various field conditions.
10.10.3.3 The bypass contactors shall be operable using the
emergency-run handle or lever defined in 10.5.3.2.
10.10.10.2 Operation at reduced speed shall not result in
motor overheating.
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10.10.10.3 The maximum operating frequency shall not exceed line frequency.
11.2.2.3 Engines shall be acceptable for horsepower ratings
listed by the testing laboratory for standard SAE conditions.
10.10.11 Critical Settings. Means shall be provided and permanently attached to the inside of the controller enclosure to
record the following settings:
11.2.2.4* A deduction of 3 percent from engine horsepower rating at standard SAE conditions shall be made for diesel engines
for each 1000 ft (300 m) of altitude above 300 ft (91 m).
(1) Variable speed pressure limiting set point setting
(2) Pump start pressure
(3) Pump stop pressure
11.2.2.5* A deduction of 1 percent from engine horsepower
rating as corrected to standard SAE conditions shall be made
for diesel engines for every 10°F (5.6°C) above 77°F (25°C)
ambient temperature.
10.10.12.1 The pump supplier shall inform the controller
manufacturer of any and all critical resonant speeds within the
operating speed range of the pump, which is from zero speed up
to full speed. The controller shall avoid operating at or ramping
through these speeds. The controller shall make use of skip frequencies with sufficient bandwidth to avoid exciting the pump
into resonance.
10.10.12.2 When water-lubricated pumps with line shaft bearings are installed, the pump manufacturer shall inform the
controller manufacturer of the maximum allowed time for
water to reach the top bearing under the condition of the
lowest anticipated water level of the well or reservoir. The controller shall provide a ramp up speed within this time period.
10.10.12.3 The ramp down time shall be approved or agreed
to by the pump manufacturer.
10.10.12.4 Any skip frequencies employed and their bandwidth shall be included along with the information required
in 10.10.11.
10.10.12.5 Ramp up and ramp down times for waterlubricated pumps shall be included along with the information required in 10.10.11.
Chapter 11
Diesel Engine Drive
11.1 General.
11.1.1 This chapter provides requirements for minimum performance of diesel engine drivers.
11.1.2 Accessory devices, such as monitoring and signaling
means, are included where necessary to ensure minimum performance of the aforementioned equipment.
11.2.2.6 Where right-angle gear drives (see 11.2.3.2) are used
between the vertical turbine pump and its driver, the horsepower requirement of the pump shall be increased to allow for
power loss in the gear drive.
11.2.2.7 After the requirements of 11.2.2.1 through 11.2.2.6
have been complied with, engines shall have a 4-hour minimum horsepower rating equal to or greater than the brake
horsepower required to drive the pump at its rated speed under any conditions listed for environmental conditions under
pump load.
11.2.3 Engine Power Connection to Pump.
11.2.3.1 Horizontal Shaft Pumps.
11.2.3.1.1 Engines shall be connected to horizontal shaft
pumps by means of a flexible coupling or flexible connecting
shaft listed for this service.
11.2.3.1.2 The flexible coupling shall be directly attached to
the engine flywheel adapter or stub shaft. (See Section 6.5.)
11.2.3.2 Vertical Shaft Turbine–Type Pumps.
11.2.3.2.1 Unless the requirements of 11.2.3.2.2 are met, engines shall be connected to vertical shaft pumps by means of a
right-angle gear drive with a listed flexible connecting shaft
that will prevent undue strain on either the engine or gear
drive. (See Section 7.5.)
diesel engines and steam turbines designed and listed for vertical installation with vertical shaft turbine–type pumps, which
shall be permitted to employ solid shafts and shall not require
a right-angle drive but shall require a nonreverse ratchet.
11.2.4 Engine Speed Controls.
11.1.3* Engine Type.
11.2.4.1 Speed Control Governor.
11.1.3.1 Diesel engines for fire pump drive shall be of the
compression ignition type.
11.2.4.1.1 Engines shall be provided with a governor capable
of regulating engine speed within a range of 10 percent between shutoff and maximum load condition of the pump.
11.1.3.2 Spark-ignited internal combustion engines shall not
be used.
11.2 Engines.
11.2.1 Listing. Engines shall be listed for fire pump service.
11.2.2 Engine Ratings.
11.2.2.1 Engines shall have a nameplate indicating the listed
horsepower rating available to drive the pump.
11.2.2.2* The horsepower capability of the engine, when
equipped for fire pump service, shall have a 4-hour minimum
horsepower rating not less than 10 percent greater than the
listed horsepower on the engine nameplate.
11.2.4.1.2 The governor shall be field adjustable and set and
secured to maintain rated pump speed at maximum pump load.
11.2.4.2* Electronic Fuel Management Control.
11.2.4.2.1 Alternate Electronic Control Module. Engines that
incorporate an electronic control module (ECM) to accomplish and control the fuel injection process shall have an alternate ECM permanently mounted and wired so the engine can
produce its full rated power output in the event of a failure of
the primary ECM.
11.2.4.2.2 ECM Voltage Protection. ECMs shall be protected
from transient voltage spikes and reverse dc current.
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10.10.12 Variable Speed Drives for Vertical Pumps.
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11.2.4.2.3 ECM Selector Switch.
11.2.4.2.3.1 Operation. The transition from the primary ECM
to the alternate ECM shall be accomplished automatically upon
failure of the primary ECM, and a hand/automatic switch without an off position shall be provided.
11.2.4.2.3.2 Supervision. A visual indicator shall be provided on
the engine instrument panel and a supervisory signal shall be
provided to the controller when the ECM selector switch is positioned to the alternate ECM.
11.2.4.2.3.3 Contacts.
(A) The contacts for each circuit shall be rated for both the
minimum and maximum current and voltage.
(B) The total resistance of each ECM circuit through the
selector switch shall be approved by the engine manufacturer.
11.2.4.2.3.4 Enclosure.
(A) The selector switch shall be enclosed in a NEMA Type 2
dripproof enclosure.
(B) Where special environments exist, suitably rated enclosures shall be used.
11.2.4.2.3.5 Mounting.
(A) The selector switch and enclosure shall be engine mounted.
(B) The selector switch enclosure and/or the selector switch
inside shall be isolated from engine vibration to prevent any deterioration of contact operation.
11.2.4.2.4* Engine Power Output. The ECM (or its connected
sensors) shall not, for any reason, intentionally cause a reduction in the engine’s ability to produce rated power output.
11.2.4.2.5 ECM Sensors. Any sensor necessary for the function
of the ECM that affects the engine’s ability to produce its rated
power output shall have a redundant sensor that shall operate
automatically in the event of a failure of the primary sensor.
11.2.4.2.6 ECM Engine Supervision. A common supervisory
signal shall be provided to the controller in the event of any of
the following:
11.2.4.3.4 A pressure sensing line shall be provided to the
engine with a 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) nominal size inside diameter
line, from a connection between the pump discharge flange
and the discharge check valve.
11.2.4.4 Engine Overspeed Shutdown Control.
11.2.4.4.1 Engines shall be provided with an overspeed shutdown device.
11.2.4.4.2 The overspeed device shall be arranged to shut
down the engine in a speed range of 10 to 20 percent above
rated engine speed and to be manually reset.
11.2.4.4.3 A means shall be provided to indicate an overspeed
trouble signal to the automatic engine controller such that the
controller cannot be reset until the overspeed shutdown device is manually reset to normal operating position.
11.2.4.4.4 Means shall be provided for verifying overspeed
switch and circuitry shutdown function.
11.2.4.5 Engine Running and Crank Termination Control.
11.2.4.5.1 Engines shall be provided with a speed-sensitive
switch to signal engine running and crank termination.
11.2.4.5.2 Power for this signal shall be taken from a source
other than the engine generator or alternator.
11.2.5 Instrumentation.
11.2.5.1 Instrument Panel.
11.2.5.1.1 All engine instruments shall be placed on a panel
secured to the engine or inside an engine base plate-mounted
controller.
11.2.5.1.2 The engine instrument panel shall not be used as a
junction box or conduit for any ac supply.
11.2.5.2 Tachometer.
11.2.5.2.1 A tachometer shall be provided to indicate revolutions per minute of the engine, including zero, at all times.
(1) Fuel injection failure
(2) Low fuel pressure
(3) Any primary sensor failure
11.2.5.2.2 The tachometer shall be the totalizing type, or an
hour meter shall be provided to record total time of engine
operation.
11.2.4.2.7 ECM and Engine Power Supply.
11.2.5.2.3 Tachometers with digital display shall be permitted
to be blank when the engine is not running.
11.2.4.2.7.1 In the standby mode, the engine standby battery
shall be used to power the ECM.
11.2.4.2.7.2 These engines shall not require more than
0.5 ampere from the battery or battery charger while the
engine is not running.
11.2.4.3.3 In the event of a failure of the variable speeds control system, the engine shall be fully functional with the governor defined in 11.2.4.1.
11.2.4.3 Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control or Variable
Speed Suction Limiting Control (Optional).
11.2.4.3.1 Variable speed pressure limiting control or variable speed suction limiting control systems used on diesel engines for fire pump drive shall be listed for fire pump service
and be capable of limiting the pump output total rated head
(pressure) or suction pressure by reducing pump speed.
11.2.4.3.2 Variable speed control systems shall not replace
the engine governor as defined in 11.2.4.1.
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11.2.5.3 Oil Pressure Gauge. Engines shall be provided with
an oil pressure gauge to indicate lubricating oil pressure.
11.2.5.4 Temperature Gauge. Engines shall be provided with
a temperature gauge to indicate engine coolant temperature
at all times.
11.2.6 Wiring Elements.
11.2.6.1 Automatic Controller Wiring in Factory.
11.2.6.1.1* All connecting wires for automatic controllers shall
be harnessed or flexibly enclosed, mounted on the engine, and
connected in an engine junction box to terminals numbered to
correspond with numbered terminals in the controller.
11.2.6.1.2 All wiring on the engine, including starting circuitry, shall be sized on a continuous-duty basis.
DIESEL ENGINE DRIVE
11.2.6.2.1 Interconnections between the automatic controller and the engine junction box shall be made using stranded
wire sized on a continuous-duty basis.
11.2.6.2.2 The dc interconnections between the automatic
controller and engine junction box and any ac power supply
to the engine shall be routed in separate conduits.
11.2.6.3 Battery Cables.
11.2.6.3.1 Battery cables shall be sized in accordance with the
engine manufacturer’s recommendations considering the
cable length required for the specific battery location.
11.2.7 Starting Methods.
11.2.7.1 Starting Devices. Engines shall be equipped with a
reliable starting device and shall accelerate to rated output
speed within 20 seconds.
11.2.7.2 Electric Starting. Where electric starting is used, the
electric starting device shall take current from a storage battery(ies).
11.2.7.2.1 Batteries.
11.2.7.2.1.1 Each engine shall be provided with two storage
battery units.
11.2.7.2.1.2 Lead-acid batteries shall be furnished in a dry
charge condition with electrolyte liquid in a separate container.
11.2.7.2.1.3 Nickel-cadmium or other kinds of batteries shall
be permitted to be installed in lieu of lead-acid batteries provided they meet the engine manufacturer’s requirements.
11.2.7.2.1.4 At 40°F (4.5°C), each battery unit shall have
twice the capacity sufficient to maintain the cranking speed
recommended by the engine manufacturer through a
3-minute attempt-to-start cycle, which is six consecutive cycles
of 15 seconds of cranking and 15 seconds of rest.
11.2.7.2.1.5* Batteries shall be sized on a calculated capacity of
72 hours of standby power followed by three 15–second
attempt-to-start cycles per battery unit, without ac power being
available for battery charging.
11.2.7.2.2* Battery Isolation.
11.2.7.2.2.1 Engines with only one cranking motor shall include a main battery contactor installed between each battery
and the cranking motor for battery isolation.
(A) Main battery contactors shall be listed for fire pump
driver service.
(B) Main battery contactors shall be rated for the cranking
motor current.
(C) Main battery contactors shall be capable of manual mechanical operation including positive methods such as springloaded, over-center operator to energize the starting motor in
the event of controller circuit failure.
11.2.7.2.2.2 Engines with two cranking motors shall have one
cranking motor dedicated to each battery.
(A) Each cranking motor shall meet the cranking requirements of a single cranking motor system.
(B) To activate cranking, each cranking motor shall have an
integral solenoid relay to be operated by the pump set controller.
(C) Each cranking motor integral solenoid relay shall be capable of being energized from a manual operator listed and
rated for the cranking motor solenoid relay and include
spring-loaded, over-center operation to energize the starting
motor in the event of controller circuit failure.
11.2.7.2.3 Battery Loads.
11.2.7.2.3.1 Nonessential loads shall not be powered from
the engine starting batteries.
11.2.7.2.3.2 Essential loads, including the engine, controller,
and all pump equipment combined, shall not exceed 0.5 ampere each for a total of 1.5 amperes, on a continuous basis.
11.2.7.2.4* Battery Location.
11.2.7.2.4.1 Storage batteries shall be rack supported above
the floor, secured against displacement, and located where
they will not be subject to excessive temperature, vibration,
mechanical injury, or flooding with water.
11.2.7.2.4.2 Current-carrying parts shall not be less than
12 in. (305 mm) above the floor level.
11.2.7.2.4.3 Storage batteries shall be readily accessible for
servicing.
11.2.7.2.4.4 Storage batteries shall not be located in front of
the engine-mounted instruments and controls.
11.2.7.3 Hydraulic Starting.
11.2.7.3.1 Where hydraulic starting is used, the accumulators
and other accessories shall be enclosed or so protected that
they are not subject to mechanical injury.
11.2.7.3.2 The enclosure shall be installed as close to the engine as practical so as to prevent serious pressure drop between the engine and the enclosure.
11.2.7.3.3 The diesel engine as installed shall be without
starting aid except that a thermostatically controlled electric
water jacket heater shall be employed.
11.2.7.3.4 The diesel as installed shall be capable of carrying
its full rated load within 20 seconds after cranking is initiated
with the intake air, room ambient temperature, and all starting equipment at 32°F (0°C).
11.2.7.3.5 Hydraulic starting means shall comply with the following conditions:
(1) The hydraulic cranking device shall be a self-contained
system that will provide the required cranking forces and
engine starting revolutions per minute (rpm) as recommended by the engine manufacturer.
(2) Electrically operated means shall automatically provide
and maintain the stored hydraulic pressure within the
predetermined pressure limits.
(3) The means of automatically maintaining the hydraulic
system within the predetermined pressure limits shall be
energized from the main bus and the final emergency bus
if one is provided.
(4) Means shall be provided to manually recharge the hydraulic system.
(5) The capacity of the hydraulic cranking system shall provide not fewer than six cranking cycles of not less than
15 seconds each.
(6) Each cranking cycle — the first three to be automatic from
the signaling source — shall provide the necessary number
of revolutions at the required rpm to permit the diesel engine to meet the requirements of carrying its full rated load
within 20 seconds after cranking is initiated with intake air,
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11.2.6.2* Automatic Control Wiring in the Field.
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room ambient temperature, and hydraulic cranking system
at 32°F (0°C).
(7) The capacity of the hydraulic cranking system sufficient for
three starts under conditions described in 11.2.7.3.5(5) shall
be held in reserve and arranged so that the operation of a
single control by one person will permit the reserve capacity
to be employed.
(8) All controls for engine shutdown in the event of overspeed
shall be 12 V dc or 24 V dc source to accommodate controls
supplied on engine, and the following also shall apply:
(a) In the event of such failure, the hydraulic cranking system shall provide an interlock to prevent the engine
from recranking.
(b) The interlock shall be manually reset for automatic
starting when engine failure is corrected.
11.2.7.4 Air Starting.
11.2.7.4.1 In addition to the requirements of Section 11.1
through 11.2.7, 11.2.8.1, 11.2.8 through 11.6.2, 11.6.4, and
11.6.6, the requirements of 11.2.7.4 shall apply.
11.2.7.4.2 Automatic Controller Connections in Factory.
11.2.7.4.2.1 All conductors for automatic controllers shall be
harnessed or flexibly enclosed, mounted on the engine, and
connected in an engine junction box to terminals numbered
to correspond with numbered terminals in the controller.
11.2.7.4.2.2 These requirements shall ensure ready connection in the field between the two sets of terminals.
11.2.7.4.3 Signal for Engine Running and Crank Termination.
11.2.7.4.3.1 Engines shall be provided with a speed-sensitive
switch to signal running and crank termination.
11.2.7.4.3.2 Power for this signal shall be taken from a source
other than the engine compressor.
11.2.7.4.4* Air Starting Supply.
11.2.7.4.4.1 The air supply container shall be sized for
180 seconds of continuous cranking without recharging.
11.2.7.4.4.2 There shall be a separate, suitably powered automatic air compressor or means of obtaining air from some
other system, independent of the compressor driven by the
fire pump engine.
11.2.7.4.4.3 Suitable supervisory service shall be maintained
to indicate high and low air pressure conditions.
11.2.7.4.4.4 A bypass conductor with a manual valve or switch
shall be installed for direct application of air from the air container to the engine starter in the event of control circuit failure.
11.2.8 Engine Cooling System.
11.2.8.1 The engine cooling system shall be included as part
of the engine assembly and shall be one of the following
closed-circuit types:
(1) A heat exchanger type that includes a circulating pump
driven by the engine, a heat exchanger, and an engine
jacket temperature regulating device
(2) A radiator type that includes a circulating pump driven by
the engine, a radiator, an engine jacket temperature regulating device, and an engine-driven fan for providing positive movement of air through the radiator
11.2.8.2 A means shall be provided to maintain 120°F (49°C)
at the combustion chamber.
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11.2.8.3 An opening shall be provided in the circuit for filling
the system, checking coolant level, and adding make-up coolant when required.
11.2.8.4 The coolant shall comply with the recommendation
of the engine manufacturer.
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11.2.8.5* Heat Exchanger Water Supply.
11.2.8.5.1 The cooling water supply for a heat exchanger–
type system shall be from the discharge of the pump taken off
prior to the pump discharge check valve.
11.2.8.5.2 The cooling water flow required shall be set based
on the maximum ambient cooling water.
11.2.8.5.3 Heat Exchanger Water Supply Components.
11.2.8.5.3.1 Threaded rigid piping shall be used for this connection.
11.2.8.5.3.2 The pipe connection in the direction of flow
shall include an indicating manual shutoff valve, an approved
flushing-type strainer in addition to the one that can be a part
of the pressure regulator, a pressure regulator, an automatic
valve, and a second indicating manual shutoff valve or a
spring-loaded check valve.
11.2.8.5.3.3 The indicating manual shutoff valves shall have
permanent labeling with minimum 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) text
that indicates the following: For the valve in the heat exchanger water supply, “Normal/Open” for the normal open
position when the controller is in the automatic position
and “Caution: Nonautomatic/Closed” for the emergency or
manual position.
11.2.8.5.3.4 The pressure regulator shall be of such size and
type that it is capable of and adjusted for passing approximately 120 percent of the cooling water required when the
engine is operating at maximum brake horsepower and when
the regulator is supplied with water at the pressure of the
pump when it is pumping at 150 percent of its rated capacity.
11.2.8.5.3.5 Automatic Valve.
(A) An automatic valve listed for fire protection service shall
permit flow of cooling water to the engine when it is running.
(B) Energy to operate the automatic valve shall come from
the diesel driver or its batteries and shall not come from the
building.
(C) The automatic valve shall be normally closed.
(D) The automatic valve shall not be required on a vertical
shaft turbine–type pump or any other pump when there is no
pressure in the discharge when the pump is idle.
11.2.8.5.3.6 A pressure gauge shall be installed in the cooling
water supply system on the engine side of the last valve in the
heat exchanger water supply and bypass supply.
11.2.8.5.3.7 Potable Water Separation (Optional.) Where two
levels of separation for possible contaminants to the ground
or potable water source are required by the authority having
jurisdiction, dual spring-loaded check valves or backflow preventers shall be installed.
(A)* The spring-loaded check valve(s) shall replace the second indicating manual shutoff valve(s) in the cooling loop
assembly as stated in 11.2.8.5.3.3.
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(B)* If backflow preventers are used, the devices shall be listed
for fire protection service and installed in parallel in the water
supply and water supply bypass assembly.
bination of the air supply and the discharge ventilators in addition to the radiator, fan guard, and other engine component obstructions.
(C) Where the authority having jurisdiction requires the installation of backflow prevention devices in connection with
the engine, special consideration shall be given to the increased pressure loss, which will require that the cooling loop
pipe size be evaluated and documented by engineering calculations to demonstrate compliance with the engine manufacturer’s recommendation.
11.2.8.8.4.3 The fan shall be guarded for personnel protection.
11.2.8.6* Heat Exchanger Water Supply Bypass.
11.2.8.6.1 A threaded rigid pipe bypass line shall be installed
around the heat exchanger water supply.
11.2.8.6.2 The pipe connection in the direction of flow shall
include an indicating manual shutoff valve, an approved
flushing-type strainer in addition to the one that can be a part
of the pressure regulator, a pressure regulator, and an indicating manual shutoff valve or a spring-loaded check valve.
11.2.8.6.3 The indicating manual shutoff valves shall have
permanent labeling with minimum 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) text that
indicates the following: For the valve in the heat exchanger
water supply bypass, “Normal/Closed” for the normal closed
position when the controller is in the automatic position and
“Emergency/Open” for manual operation or when the engine
is overheating.
11.2.8.7 Heat Exchanger Waste Outlet.
11.2.8.7.1 An outlet shall be provided for the wastewater line
from the heat exchanger, and the discharge line shall not be
less than one size larger than the inlet line.
11.2.8.7.2 The outlet line shall be as short as practical, shall
provide discharge into a visible open waste cone, and shall
have no valves in it.
11.2.8.7.3 The outlet shall be permitted to discharge to a
suction reservoir provided a visual flow indicator and temperature indicator are installed.
11.2.8.7.4 When the waste outlet piping is longer than 15 ft
(4.6 m) and/or its outlet discharges are more than 4 ft (1.2 m)
higher than the heat exchanger, the pipe size shall be increased by at least one size.
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11.2.8.8 Radiators.
11.2.8.8.1 The heat from the primary circuit of a radiator
shall be dissipated by air movement through the radiator created by a fan included with, and driven by, the engine.
11.2.8.8.2 The radiator shall be designed to limit maximum
engine operating temperature with an inlet air temperature of
120°F (49°C) at the combustion air cleaner inlet.
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11.2.8.8.3 The radiator shall include the plumbing to the engine and a flange on the air discharge side for the connection
of a flexible duct from the discharge side to the discharge air
ventilator.
11.2.8.8.4 Fan.
11.2.8.8.4.1 The fan shall push the air through the radiator to
be exhausted from the room via the air discharge ventilator.
11.2.8.8.4.2 To ensure adequate airflow through the room
and the radiator, the fan shall be capable of a 0.5 in. water
column (13 mm water column) restriction created by the com-
11.2.9 Engine Lubrication.
11.2.9.1 The engine manufacturer’s recommendations for
oil heaters shall be followed.
11.3* Pump Room.
11.3.1 The floor or surface around the pump and engine shall
be pitched for adequate drainage of escaping water away from
critical equipment, such as pump, engine, controller, fuel tank,
and so forth.
11.3.2* Ventilation.
11.3.2.1 Ventilation shall be provided for the following
functions:
(1) To control the maximum temperature to 120°F (49°C) at
the combustion air cleaner inlet with engine running at
rated load
(2) To supply air for engine combustion
(3) To remove any hazardous vapors
(4) To supply and exhaust air as necessary for radiator cooling of the engine when required
11.3.2.2 The ventilation system components shall be coordinated with the engine operation.
11.3.2.3* Air Supply Ventilator.
11.3.2.3.1 The air supply ventilator shall be considered to
include anything in the air supply path to the room.
11.3.2.3.2 The total air supply path to the pump room shall
not restrict the flow of the air more than 0.2 in. water column
(5.1 mm water column).
11.3.2.4* Air Discharge Ventilator.
11.3.2.4.1 The air discharge ventilator shall be considered to
include anything in the air discharge path from the engine to
the outdoors.
11.3.2.4.2 The air discharge ventilator shall allow sufficient
air to exit the pump room to satisfy 11.3.2.
11.3.2.4.3 Radiator-Cooled Engines.
11.3.2.4.3.1 For radiator-cooled engines, the radiator discharge shall be ducted outdoors in a manner that will prevent
recirculation.
11.3.2.4.3.2 The duct shall be attached to the radiator via a
flexible section.
11.3.2.4.3.3 The air discharge path for radiator-cooled engines shall not restrict the flow of air more than 0.3 in. water
column (7.6 mm water column).
11.3.2.4.3.4 A recirculation duct shall be permitted for cold
weather operation provided that the following requirements
are met:
(1) The recirculation airflow shall be regulated by a thermostatically controlled damper.
(2) The control damper shall fully close in a failure mode.
(3) The recirculated air shall be ducted to prevent direct recirculation to the radiator.
(4) The recirculation duct shall not cause the temperature at
the combustion air cleaner inlet to rise above 120°F (49°C).
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refill cycle and fuel heating due to recirculation, and shall be
subject to special conditions in each case.
11.3.3 The entire pump room shall be protected with fire
sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, as an Extra Hazard Group 2 space.
11.4.2.3 The fuel supply tank and fuel shall be reserved exclusively for the fire pump diesel engine.
11.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangement.
11.4.1 General.
11.4.2.4 A means shall be provided within the tank for low
fuel level signal initiation.
11.4.1.1 Plan Review. Before any fuel system is installed, plans
shall be prepared and submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for agreement on suitability of the system for prevailing conditions.
11.4.2.5 There shall be a separate fuel line and separate fuel
supply tank for each engine.
11.4.2.6 Tank Level Indication.
11.4.1.2 Tank Construction.
11.4.1.2.1* Tanks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with recognized engineering standards such as
ANSI/UL 142, Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
11.4.1.2.2 Tanks shall be securely mounted on noncombustible supports.
11.4.1.2.3 Tanks used in accordance with the rules of this standard shall be limited in size to 1320 gal (4996 L). For situations
where fuel tanks in excess of 1320 gal (4996 L) are being used,
the rules of NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, shall apply.
11.4.1.2.4 Fuel tanks shall be enclosed with a wall, curb, or
dike sufficient to hold the entire capacity of the tank.
11.4.1.2.5 Each tank shall have suitable fill, drain, and vent
connections.
11.4.1.2.6 Fill pipes that enter the top of the tank shall terminate within 6 in. (152 mm) of the bottom of the tank and shall
be installed or arranged so that vibration is minimized.
11.4.2.6.2 A fuel level indicator shall be provided to activate
at the two-thirds tank level.
11.4.3* Fuel Tank Supply Location.
11.4.3.1 Diesel fuel supply tanks shall be located above
ground in accordance with municipal or other ordinances
and in accordance with requirements of the authority having
jurisdiction and shall not be buried.
11.4.3.2 In zones where freezing temperatures [32°F (0°C)] are
possible, the fuel supply tanks shall be located in the pump room.
11.4.3.3 The supply tank shall be located so the fuel supply
pipe connection to the engine is no lower than the level of the
engine fuel transfer pump.
11.4.3.4 The engine manufacturer’s fuel pump static head
pressure limits shall not be exceeded when the level of fuel in
the tank is at a maximum.
11.4.1.2.7 The fuel tank shall have one 2 in. (50.8 mm) NPT
threaded port in the top, near the center, of the tank to accommodate the low fuel level switch.
11.4.3.5 If a double-wall tank is installed, the interstitial space
between the shells of the diesel fuel storage tank shall be
monitored for leakage and annunciated by the engine drive
controller. The signal shall be of the supervisory type.
11.4.1.2.8 Tank Venting.
11.4.4* Fuel Piping.
11.4.1.2.8.1 Normal vents shall be sized in accordance with
ANSI/UL 142, Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable
and Combustible Liquids, or other approved standards. Alternatively, the normal vent shall be at least as large as the largest
filling or withdrawal connection, but in no case shall it be less
than 11⁄4 in. (32 mm) nominal inside diameter.
11.4.4.1 Flame-resistant reinforced flexible hose listed for
this service with threaded connections shall be provided at the
engine for connection to fuel system piping.
11.4.1.2.8.2 Vent piping shall be arranged so that the vapors
are discharged upward or horizontally away from adjacent
walls and so that vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other
obstructions. Outlets shall terminate at least 5 ft (1.5 m) from
building openings.
11.4.1.2.9 Engine Supply Connection.
11.4.1.2.9.1 The fuel supply pipe connection shall be located
on a side of the tank.
•
11.4.2.6.1 Means other than sight tubes for continuous indicating of the amount of fuel in each storage tank shall be provided.
11.4.1.2.9.2 The engine fuel supply (suction) pipe connection shall be located on the tank so that 5 percent of the tank
volume provides a sump volume not usable by the engine.
11.4.2* Fuel Supply Tank and Capacity.
11.4.2.1* Fuel supply tank(s) shall have a capacity at least
equal to 1 gal per hp (5.07 L per kW), plus 5 percent volume
for expansion and 5 percent volume for sump.
11.4.2.2 Whether larger-capacity fuel supply tanks are required shall be determined by prevailing conditions, such as
2010 Edition
11.4.4.2 Fuel piping shall not be galvanized steel or copper.
11.4.4.3 The fuel return line shall be installed according to
the engine manufacturer’s recommendation.
11.4.4.4 There shall be no shutoff valve in the fuel return line
to the tank.
11.4.4.5* Fuel Line Protection. A guard, pipe protection, or
approved double-walled pipe shall be provided for all exposed
fuel lines.
11.4.4.6 Fuel Solenoid Valve. Where an electric solenoid valve
is used to control the engine fuel supply, it shall be capable of
manual mechanical operation or of being manually bypassed
in the event of a control circuit failure.
11.4.5* Fuel Type.
11.4.5.1* The type and grade of diesel fuel shall be as specified
by the engine manufacturer.
11.4.5.2 In areas where local air quality management regulations allow only the use of DF #1 fuel, and no diesel fire pump
driver is available listed for use with DF #1 fuel, an engine listed
for use with DF #2 shall be permitted to be used but shall have the
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DIESEL ENGINE DRIVE
11.4.5.3 The grade of fuel shall be indicated on the engine
nameplate required in 11.2.2.1.
11.4.5.4 The grade of fuel oil shall be indicated on the fuel
tank by letters that are a minimum of 6 in. (152 mm) in height
and in contrasting color to the tank.
11.4.5.5 Residual fuels, domestic heating furnace oils, and
drained lubrication oils shall not be used.
11.5 Engine Exhaust.
11.5.1 Exhaust Manifold. Exhaust manifolds and turbochargers shall incorporate provisions to avoid hazard to the operator or to flammable material adjacent to the engine.
11.5.2* Exhaust Piping.
11.5.2.1 Each pump engine shall have an independent exhaust system.
11.5.2.2 A flexible connection with a section of stainless steel,
seamless or welded corrugated (not interlocked), not less than
12 in. (305 mm) in length shall be made between the engine
exhaust outlet and exhaust pipe.
11.5.2.3 The exhaust pipe shall not be any smaller in diameter
than the engine exhaust outlet and shall be as short as possible.
11.5.2.4 The exhaust pipe shall be covered with hightemperature insulation or otherwise guarded to protect personnel from injury.
11.5.2.5 The exhaust pipe and muffler, if used, shall be suitable for the use intended, and the exhaust back pressure shall
not exceed the engine manufacturer’s recommendations.
11.5.2.6 Exhaust pipes shall be installed with clearances of at
least 9 in. (229 mm) to combustible materials.
11.5.2.7 Exhaust pipes passing directly through combustible
roofs shall be guarded at the point of passage by ventilated
metal thimbles that extend not less than 9 in. (229 mm) above
and 9 in. (229 mm) below roof construction and are at least
6 in. (152 mm) larger in diameter than the exhaust pipe.
11.5.2.8 Exhaust pipes passing directly through combustible
walls or partitions shall be guarded at the point of passage by
one of the following methods:
(1) Metal ventilated thimbles not less than 12 in. (305 mm)
larger in diameter than the exhaust pipe
(2) Metal or burned clay thimbles built in brickwork or other
approved materials providing not less than 8 in. (203 mm)
of insulation between the thimble and construction material
11.5.2.9* Exhaust emission after treatment devices that have
the potential to adversely impact the performance and reliability of the engine shall not be permitted.
11.5.2.10 Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, the installation of an exhaust emission after treatment
device shall be of the active regeneration type with a pressure
limiting device that shall permit the engine exhaust to bypass
the after treatment device when the engine manufacturer’s
maximum allowed exhaust backpressure is exceeded.
11.5.3 Exhaust Discharge Location.
11.5.3.1 Exhaust from the engine shall be piped to a safe
point outside the pump room and arranged to exclude water.
11.5.3.2 Exhaust gases shall not be discharged where they will
affect persons or endanger buildings.
11.5.3.3 Exhaust systems shall terminate outside the structure
at a point where hot gases, sparks, or products of combustion
will discharge to a safe location. [37:8.2.3.1]
11.5.3.4 Exhaust system terminations shall not be directed
toward combustible material or structures, or into atmospheres containing flammable gases, flammable vapors, or
combustible dusts. [37:8.2.3.2]
11.5.3.5 Exhaust systems equipped with spark-arresting mufflers shall be permitted to terminate in Division 2 locations as
defined in Article 500 of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.
[37:8.2.3.3]
11.6* Diesel Engine Driver System Operation.
11.6.1 Weekly Run.
11.6.1.1 Engines shall be designed and installed so that they
can be started no less than once a week and run for no less
than 30 minutes to attain normal running temperature.
11.6.1.2 Engines shall run smoothly at rated speed, except for
engines addressed in 11.6.1.3.
11.6.1.3 Engines equipped with variable speed pressure limiting control shall be permitted to run at reduced speeds provided
factory-set pressure is maintained and they run smoothly.
11.6.2* Engine Maintenance. Engines shall be designed and
installed so that they can be kept clean, dry, and well lubricated to ensure adequate performance.
11.6.3 Battery Maintenance.
11.6.3.1 Storage batteries shall be designed and installed so
that they can be kept charged at all times.
11.6.3.2 Storage batteries shall be designed and installed so
that they can be tested frequently to determine the condition
of the battery cells and the amount of charge in the battery.
11.6.3.3 Only distilled water shall be used in battery cells.
11.6.3.4 Battery plates shall be kept submerged at all times.
11.6.3.5 The automatic feature of a battery charger shall not
be a substitute for proper maintenance of battery and charger.
11.6.3.6 The battery and charger shall be designed and installed so that periodic inspection of both battery and charger
is physically possible.
11.6.3.6.1 This inspection shall determine that the charger is
operating correctly, the water level in the battery is correct,
and the battery is holding its proper charge.
11.6.4* Fuel Supply Maintenance.
11.6.4.1 The fuel storage tanks shall be designed and installed so that they can be kept as full and maintained as practical at all times but never below 66 percent (two-thirds) of
tank capacity.
11.6.4.2 The tanks shall be designed and installed so that they
can always be filled by means that will ensure removal of all
water and foreign material.
11.6.5* Temperature Maintenance.
11.6.5.1 The temperature of the pump room, pump house, or
area where engines are installed shall be designed so that the
temperature is maintained at the minimum recommended by
the engine manufacturer and is never less than the minimum
recommended by the engine manufacturer.
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nameplate rated horsepower derated 10 percent, provided the
engine manufacturer approves the use of DF #1 fuel.
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11.6.6 Emergency Starting and Stopping.
11.6.6.1 The sequence for emergency manual operation, arranged in a step-by-step manner, shall be posted on the fire pump
engine.
11.6.6.2 It shall be the engine manufacturer’s responsibility
to list any specific instructions pertaining to the operation of
this equipment during the emergency operation.
Chapter 12
Engine Drive Controllers
12.1 Application.
12.1.1 This chapter provides requirements for minimum performance of automatic/nonautomatic diesel engine controllers for diesel engine–driven fire pumps.
12.1.2 Accessory devices, such as fire pump alarm and signaling means, are included where necessary to ensure minimum
performance of the equipment mentioned in 12.1.1.
12.1.3 General.
12.3.2 Mounting. All equipment not mounted on the engine
shall be mounted in a substantial manner on a single noncombustible supporting structure.
12.3.3 Enclosures.
12.3.3.1* Mounting.
12.3.3.1.1 The structure or panel shall be securely mounted
in, as a minimum, a NEMA Type 2 dripproof enclosure(s) or
an enclosure(s) with an ingress protection (IP) rating of IP 31.
12.3.3.1.2 Where the equipment is located outside or special
environments exist, suitably rated enclosures shall be used.
12.3.3.2 Grounding. The enclosures shall be grounded in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 250.
12.3.4 Locked Lockable Cabinet. All switches required to
keep the controller in the automatic position shall be within
locked enclosures having breakable glass panels.
12.3.5 Connections and Wiring.
12.1.3.1 All controllers shall be specifically listed for diesel
engine–driven fire pump service.
12.3.5.1 Field Wiring.
12.1.3.2 All controllers shall be completely assembled,
wired, and tested by the manufacturer before shipment
from the factory.
12.3.5.1.1 All wiring between the controller and the diesel
engine shall be stranded and sized to carry the charging or
control currents as required by the controller manufacturer.
12.1.3.3 Markings.
12.3.5.1.2 Such wiring shall be protected against mechanical
injury.
12.1.3.3.1 All controllers shall be marked “Diesel Engine Fire
Pump Controller” and shall show plainly the name of the manufacturer, the identifying designation, rated operating pressure,
enclosure type designation, and complete electrical rating.
12.1.3.3.2 Where multiple pumps serving different areas or
portions of the facility are provided, an appropriate sign shall be
conspicuously attached to each controller indicating the area,
zone, or portion of the system served by that pump or pump
controller.
12.1.4 It shall be the responsibility of the pump manufacturer
or its designated representative to make necessary arrangements
for the services of a controller manufacturer’s representative,
where needed, for services and adjustment of the equipment
during the installation, testing, and warranty periods.
12.2 Location.
12.2.1* Controllers shall be located as close as is practical to the
engines they control and shall be within sight of the engines.
12.2.2 Controllers shall be so located or so protected that they
will not be damaged by water escaping from pumps or pump
connections.
12.2.3 Current carrying parts of controllers shall not be less
than 12 in. (305 mm) above the floor level.
12.3.1.2 Reliability of operation shall not be adversely affected by normal dust accumulations.
12.3.5.1.3 Controller manufacturer’s specifications for distance and wire size shall be followed.
12.3.5.2 Wiring Elements. Wiring elements of the controller
shall be designed on a continuous-duty basis.
12.3.5.3 Field Connections.
12.3.5.3.1 A diesel engine fire pump controller shall not be
used as a junction box to supply other equipment.
12.3.5.3.2 No undervoltage, phase loss, frequency sensitive, or
other device(s) shall be field installed that automatically or
manually prohibits electrical actuation of the motor contactor.
12.3.5.3.3 Electrical supply conductors for pressure maintenance (jockey or make-up) pump(s) shall not be connected to
the diesel engine fire pump controller.
12.3.5.3.4 Diesel engine fire pump controllers shall be permitted to supply essential and necessary ac and/or dc power to
operate pump room dampers and engine oil heaters and
other associated required engine equipment only when provided with factory-equipped dedicated field terminals and
overcurrent protection.
12.3.6 Electrical Diagrams and Instructions.
12.2.4 Working clearances around controllers shall comply
12.3.6.1 A field connection diagram shall be provided and
permanently attached to the inside of the enclosure.
12.3 Construction.
12.3.1 Equipment.
12.3.6.2 The field connection terminals shall be plainly marked
to correspond with the field connection diagram furnished.
12.3.1.1* All equipment shall be suitable for use in locations
subject to a moderate degree of moisture, such as a damp
basement.
12.3.6.3 For external engine connections, the field connection terminals shall be commonly numbered between the controller and the engine terminals.
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ENGINE DRIVE CONTROLLERS
12.3.7.1 Each operating component of the controller shall be
plainly marked with the identification symbol that appears on
the electrical schematic diagram.
12.3.7.2 The markings shall be located so as to be visible after
installation.
12.3.8* Instructions. Complete instructions covering the operation of the controller shall be provided and conspicuously
mounted on the controller.
12.4 Components.
12.4.1 Indicators on Controller.
12.4.1.1 All visible indicators shall be plainly visible.
12.4.1.2* Visible indication shall be provided to indicate that
the controller is in the automatic position. If the visible indicator is a pilot lamp, it shall be accessible for replacement.
12.4.1.3 Separate visible indicators and a common audible
fire pump alarm capable of being heard while the engine is
running and operable in all positions of the main switch except the off position shall be provided to immediately indicate
the following conditions:
(1) Critically low oil pressure in the lubrication system. The controller shall provide means for testing the position of the
pressure switch contacts without causing fire pump alarms.
(2) High engine jacket coolant temperature.
(3) Failure of engine to start automatically.
(4) Shutdown from overspeed.
12.4.1.4 Separate visible indicators and a common audible
signal capable of being heard while the engine is running and
operable in all positions of the main switch except the off
position shall be provided to immediately indicate the following conditions:
(1) Battery failure or missing battery. Each controller shall be
provided with a separate visible indicator for each battery.
(2) Battery charger failure. Each controller shall be provided
with a separate visible indicator for battery charger failure
and shall not require the audible signal for battery charger
failure.
(3) Low air or hydraulic pressure. Where air or hydraulic
starting is provided (see 11.2.7 and 11.2.7.4), each pressure
tank shall provide to the controller separate visible indicators to indicate low pressure.
(4) System overpressure, for engines equipped with variable
speed pressure limiting controls, to actuate at 115 percent
of set pressure.
(5) ECM selector switch in alternate ECM position (for engines with ECM control only).
(6) Fuel injection malfunction (for engines with ECM only).
(7) Low fuel level. Signal at two-thirds tank capacity.
(8) Low air pressure (air-starting engine controllers only).
The air supply container shall be provided with a separate
visible indicator to indicate low air pressure.
(9) Low engine temperature.
12.4.1.5 No audible signal silencing switch or valve, other
than the controller main switch, shall be permitted for the
conditions reflected in 12.4.1.3 and 12.4.1.4.
12.4.1.5.1 A separate signal silencing switch shall be used for
the conditions of 12.4.1.4(5), 12.4.1.4(7), and 12.4.1.4(8).
12.4.1.5.2* The controller shall automatically return to the nonsilenced state when the alarm(s) have cleared (returned to normal). This switch shall be clearly marked as to its function.
12.4.1.5.3 Where audible signals for the additional conditions listed in A.4.24 are incorporated with the engine fire
pump alarms specified in 12.4.1.3, a silencing switch or valve
for the additional A.4.24 audible signals shall be provided at
the controller.
12.4.1.5.4 The circuit shall be arranged so that the audible
signal will be actuated if the silencing switch or valve is in the
silent position when the supervised conditions are normal.
12.4.2 Signal Devices Remote from Controller.
12.4.2.1 Where the pump room is not constantly attended,
audible or visible signals powered by a source other than the
engine starting batteries and not exceeding 125 V shall be
provided at a point of constant attendance.
12.4.2.2 Remote Indication. Controllers shall be equipped to
operate circuits for remote indication of the conditions covered in 12.4.1.3, 12.4.1.4, and 12.4.2.3.
12.4.2.3 The remote panel shall indicate the following:
(1) The engine is running (separate signal).
(2) The controller main switch has been turned to the off or
manual position (separate signal).
(3)*There is trouble on the controller or engine (separate or
common signals). (See 12.4.1.4 and 12.4.1.5.)
12.4.3 Controller Contacts for Remote Indication. Controllers shall be equipped with open or closed contacts to operate
circuits for the conditions covered in 12.4.2.
12.4.4* Pressure Recorder.
12.4.4.1 A listed pressure recording device shall be installed
to sense and record the pressure in each fire pump controller
pressure-sensing line at the input to the controller.
12.4.4.2 The recorder shall be capable of operating for at
least 7 days without being reset or rewound.
12.4.4.3 The pressure-sensing element of the recorder shall
be capable of withstanding a momentary surge pressure of at
least 400 psi (27.6 bar) or 133 percent of fire pump controller
rated operating pressure, whichever is higher, without losing
its accuracy.
12.4.4.4 The pressure recording device shall be spring
wound mechanically or driven by reliable electrical means.
12.4.4.5 The pressure recording device shall not be solely
dependent upon alternating current (ac) electric power as its
primary power source.
12.4.4.6 Upon loss of ac electric power, the electric-driven
recorder shall be capable of at least 24 hours of operation.
12.4.4.7 In a non-pressure-actuated controller, the pressure
recorder shall not be required.
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12.3.7 Marking.
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12.4.5 Voltmeter. A voltmeter with an accuracy of ±5 percent
shall be provided for each battery bank to indicate the voltage
during cranking or to monitor the condition of batteries used
with air-starting engine controllers.
12.7.2 Automatic Operation of Controller.
12.5* Battery Recharging.
12.7.2.1.1.1 Unless the requirements of 12.7.2.1.1.2 are met,
there shall be provided a pressure-actuated switch having adjustable high- and low-calibrated set-points as part of the controller.
12.5.1 Two means for recharging storage batteries shall be
provided.
12.5.2 One method shall be the generator or alternator furnished with the engine.
12.5.3 The other method shall be an automatically controlled
charger taking power from an ac power source.
12.5.4 If an ac power source is not available or is not reliable,
another charging method, in addition to the generator or alternator furnished with the engine, shall be provided.
12.6 Battery Chargers. The requirements for battery chargers
shall be as follows:
(1) Chargers shall be specifically listed for fire pump service
and be part of the diesel fire pump controller.
(2) The rectifier shall be a semiconductor type.
(3) The charger for a lead-acid battery shall be a type that automatically reduces the charging rate to less than 500 mA
when the battery reaches a full charge condition.
(4) The battery charger at its rated voltage shall be capable
of delivering energy into a fully discharged battery in
such a manner that it will not damage the battery.
(5) The battery charger shall restore to the battery 100 percent of the battery’s reserve capacity or ampere-hour rating within 24 hours.
(6) The charger shall be marked with the reserve capacity or
ampere-hour rating of the largest capacity battery that it
can recharge in compliance with 12.6(4).
(7) An ammeter with an accuracy of ±5 percent of the normal charging rate shall be furnished to indicate the operation of the charger.
(8) The charger shall be designed such that it will not be damaged or blow fuses during the cranking cycle of the engine
when operated by an automatic or manual controller.
(9) The charger shall automatically charge at the maximum
rate whenever required by the state of charge of the battery.
(10) The battery charger shall be arranged to indicate loss of
current output on the load side of the direct current
(dc) overcurrent protective device where not connected
through a control panel. [See 12.4.1.4(2).]
(11) The charger(s) shall remain in float mode or switch
from equalize to float mode while the batteries are under the loads in 12.5.2.
12.7* Starting and Control.
12.7.2.1 Water Pressure Control.
12.7.2.1.1 Pressure-Actuated Switch.
12.7.2.1.1.2 The requirements of 12.7.2.1.1.1 shall not apply
to a non-pressure-actuated controller, where the pressureactuated switch shall not be required.
12.7.2.1.2 There shall be no pressure snubber or restrictive
orifice employed within the pressure switch.
12.7.2.1.3 This switch shall be responsive to water pressure in
the fire protection system.
12.7.2.1.4 The pressure-sensing element of the switch shall be
capable of a momentary surge pressure of 400 psi (27.6 bar) or
133 percent of fire pump controller rated operating pressure,
whichever is higher, without losing its accuracy.
12.7.2.1.5 Suitable provision shall be made for relieving pressure to the pressure-actuated switch to allow testing of the operation of the controller and the pumping unit. [See Figure A.4.30(a)
and Figure A.4.30(b).]
12.7.2.1.6 Water pressure control shall be as follows:
(1) There shall be no shutoff valve in the pressure-sensing line.
(2) Pressure switch actuation at the low adjustment setting shall
initiate the pump starting sequence if the pump is not already in operation.
12.7.2.2 Fire Protection Equipment Control.
12.7.2.2.1 Where the pump supplies special water control
equipment (e.g., deluge valves, dry-pipe valves), the engine shall
be permitted to start before the pressure-actuated switch(es)
would do so.
12.7.2.2.2 Under such conditions, the controller shall be
equipped to start the engine upon operation of the fire protection equipment.
12.7.2.3 Manual Electric Control at Remote Station. Where
additional control stations for causing nonautomatic continuous operation of the pumping unit, independent of the
pressure-actuated switch or control valve, are provided at locations remote from the controller, such stations shall not be
operable to stop the engine.
12.7.2.4 Sequence Starting of Pumps.
12.7.2.4.1 The controller for each unit of multiple pump units
shall incorporate a sequential timing device to prevent any one
driver from starting simultaneously with any other driver.
12.7.2.4.2 Each pump supplying suction pressure to another
pump shall be arranged to start within 10 seconds before the
pump it supplies.
12.7.1 Automatic and Nonautomatic.
12.7.2.4.2.1 The controllers for pumps arranged in series shall
be interlocked to ensure the correct pump starting sequence.
12.7.1.1 An automatic controller shall be operable also as a
nonautomatic controller.
12.7.2.4.3 If water requirements call for more than one pumping unit to operate, the units shall start at intervals of 5 to
10 seconds.
12.7.1.2 The controller’s primary source of power shall not
be ac electric power.
12.7.2.4.4 Failure of a leading driver to start shall not prevent
subsequent drivers from starting.
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ENGINE DRIVE CONTROLLERS
12.7.2.5 External Circuits Connected to Controllers.
12.7.3.2 Manual Testing of Automatic Operation.
12.7.2.5.1 With pumping units operating singly or in parallel,
the control conductors entering or leaving the fire pump controller and extending outside the fire pump room shall be so
arranged as to prevent failure to start due to fault.
12.7.3.2.1 The controller shall be arranged to manually start
the engine by opening the solenoid valve drain when so initiated by the operator.
12.7.2.5.2 Breakage, disconnecting, shorting of the wires, or
loss of power to these circuits shall be permitted to cause continuous running of the fire pump but shall not prevent the
controller(s) from starting the fire pump(s) due to causes
other than these external circuits.
12.7.2.5.3 All control conductors within the fire pump room
that are not fault tolerant shall be protected against mechanical injury.
12.7.2.5.4 When a diesel driver is used in conjunction with a
positive displacement pump, the diesel controller shall provide a circuit and timer to actuate and then close the dump
valve after engine start is finished.
12.7.2.6 Sole Supply Pumps.
12.7.2.6.1 Shutdown shall be accomplished by manual or automatic means.
12.7.2.6.2 Automatic shutdown shall not be permitted where
the pump constitutes the sole source of supply of a fire sprinkler or standpipe system or where the authority having jurisdiction has required manual shutdown.
12.7.2.7 Weekly Program Timer.
12.7.2.7.1 To ensure dependable operation of the engine and
its controller, the controller equipment shall be arranged to automatically start and run the engine for at least 30 minutes once a
week.
12.7.4 Starting Equipment Arrangement. The requirements
for starting equipment arrangement shall be as follows:
(1) Two storage battery units, each complying with the requirements of 11.2.7.2, shall be provided and so arranged
that manual and automatic starting of the engine can be
accomplished with either battery unit.
(2) The starting current shall be furnished by first one battery
and then the other on successive operations of the starter.
(3) The battery changeover shall be made automatically, except for manual start.
(4) In the event that the engine does not start after completion of its attempt-to-start cycle, the controller shall stop
all further cranking and operate a visible indicator and
audible fire pump alarm on the controller.
(5) The attempt-to-start cycle shall be fixed and shall consist
of six crank periods of approximately 15-second duration
separated by five rest periods of approximately 15-second
duration.
(6) In the event that one battery is inoperative or missing, the
control shall lock in on the remaining battery unit during
the cranking sequence.
12.7.5 Methods of Stopping.
12.7.5.1 Manual Electric Shutdown. Manual shutdown shall
be accomplished by either of the following:
12.7.2.7.4 A solenoid valve drain on the pressure control line
shall be the initiating means.
(1) Operation of the main switch or stop valve inside the
controller
(2) Operation of a stop button or stop valve on the outside of
the controller enclosure as follows:
(a) The stop button or stop valve shall cause engine shutdown through the automatic circuits only if all starting causes have been returned to normal.
(b) The controller shall then return to the full automatic
position.
12.7.2.7.5 Performance of this weekly program timer shall be
recorded as a pressure drop indication on the pressure recorder. (See 12.4.4.)
12.7.5.2* Automatic Shutdown After Automatic Start. The requirements for automatic shutdown after automatic start shall
be as follows:
12.7.2.7.2 The controller shall use the opposite battery bank
(every other bank) for cranking on subsequent weeks.
12.7.2.7.3 Means shall be permitted within the controller to
manually terminate the weekly test provided a minimum of
30 minutes has expired.
12.7.2.7.6 In a non-pressure-actuated controller, the weekly
test shall be permitted to be initiated by means other than a
solenoid valve.
12.7.3 Nonautomatic Operation of Controller.
12.7.3.1 Manual Control at Controller.
12.7.3.1.1 There shall be a manually operated switch or valve
on the controller panel.
12.7.3.2.2 In a non-pressure-actuated controller, the manual
test shall be permitted to be initiated by means other than a
solenoid valve.
12.7.3.1.2 This switch or valve shall be so arranged that operation of the engine, when manually started, cannot be affected by the pressure-actuated switch.
12.7.3.1.3 The arrangement shall also provide that the unit
will remain in operation until manually shut down.
12.7.3.1.4 Failure of any of the automatic circuits shall not
affect the manual operation.
(1) If the controller is set up for automatic engine shutdown,
the controller shall shut down the engine only after all
starting causes have returned to normal and a 30-minute
minimum run time has elapsed.
(2) When the engine overspeed shutdown device operates,
the controller shall remove power from the engine running devices, prevent further cranking, energize the overspeed fire pump alarm, and lock out until manually reset.
(3) Resetting of the overspeed circuit shall be required at the
engine and by resetting the controller main switch to the
off position.
(4) The engine shall not shut down automatically on high
water temperature or low oil pressure when any automatic
starting or running cause exists, and the following also
shall apply:
(a) If no other starting or running cause exists during
engine test, the engine shall shut down automatically
on high water temperature or low oil pressure.
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2010 Edition
20–50
•
(b) If after shutdown a starting cause occurs, the controller shall restart the engine and override the high water temperature and low oil shutdowns for the remainder of the test period.
(5) The controller shall not be capable of being reset until
the engine overspeed shutdown device is manually reset.
13.1.2.3 In ordering turbines for stationary fire pumps, the
purchaser shall specify the rated and maximum pump loads at
rated speed, the rated speed, the boiler pressure, the steam
pressure at the turbine throttle (if possible), and the steam
superheat.
12.7.6 Emergency Control. Automatic control circuits, the
failure of which could prevent engine starting and running,
shall be completely bypassed during manual start and run.
13.1.3.1 Prime consideration shall be given to the selection
of a turbine having a total steam consumption commensurate
with the steam supply available.
12.8 Air-Starting Engine Controllers.
13.1.3.2 Where multistage turbines are used, they shall be so
designed that the pump can be brought up to speed without a
warmup time requirement.
12.8.1 Existing Requirements. In addition to the requirements in Sections 12.1 through 12.7, the requirements in
Section 12.8 shall apply.
12.8.2 Starting Equipment Arrangement. The requirements
for starting equipment arrangement shall be as follows:
(1) The air supply container, complying with the requirements of 11.2.7.4.4, shall be provided and so arranged
that manual and automatic starting of the engine can be
accomplished.
(2) In the event that the engine does not start after completion of its attempt-to-start cycle, the controller shall stop
all further cranking and operate the audible and visible
fire pump alarms.
(3) The attempt-to-start cycle shall be fixed and shall consist of
one crank period of an approximately 90-second duration.
12.8.3 Manual Shutdown. Manual shutdown shall be accomplished by either of the following:
(1) Operation of a stop valve or switch on the controller panel
(2) Operation of a stop valve or switch on the outside of the
controller enclosure
12.8.3.1 The stop valve shall cause engine shutdown through
the automatic circuits only after starting causes have been returned to normal.
12.8.3.2 This action shall return the controller to full automatic position.
13.1.3* Steam Consumption.
13.2 Turbine.
13.2.1 Casing and Other Parts.
13.2.1.1* The casing shall be designed to permit access with
the least possible removal of parts or piping.
13.2.1.2 A safety valve shall be connected directly to the turbine casing to relieve high steam pressure in the casing.
13.2.1.3 Main Throttle Valve.
13.2.1.3.1 The main throttle valve shall be located in a horizontal run of pipe connected directly to the turbine.
13.2.1.3.2 There shall be a water leg on the supply side of the
throttle valve.
13.2.1.3.3 This leg shall be connected to a suitable steam trap
to automatically drain all condensate from the line supplying
steam to the turbine.
13.2.1.3.4 Steam and exhaust chambers shall be equipped
with suitable condensate drains.
13.2.1.3.5 Where the turbine is automatically controlled,
these drains shall discharge through adequate traps.
13.2.1.3.6 In addition, if the exhaust pipe discharges vertically, there shall be an open drain at the bottom elbow.
Chapter 13
Steam Turbine Drive
13.1 General.
13.1.1 Acceptability.
13.1.1.1 Steam turbines of adequate power are acceptable
prime movers for driving fire pumps. Reliability of the turbines shall have been proved in commercial work.
13.1.1.2 The steam turbine shall be directly connected to the
fire pump.
13.1.2 Turbine Capacity.
13.1.2.1 For steam boiler pressures not exceeding 120 psi
(8.3 bar), the turbine shall be capable of driving the pump at
its rated speed and maximum pump load with a pressure as
low as 80 psi (5.5 bar) at the turbine throttle when exhausting
against atmospheric back pressure with the hand valve open.
13.1.2.2 For steam boiler pressures exceeding 120 psi (8.3 bar),
where steam is continuously maintained, a pressure 70 percent
of the usual boiler pressure shall take the place of the 80 psi
(5.5 bar) pressure required in 13.1.2.1.
2010 Edition
13.2.1.4 The nozzle chamber, governor-valve body, pressure
regulator, and other parts through which steam passes shall be
made of a metal able to withstand the maximum temperatures
involved.
13.2.2 Speed Governor.
13.2.2.1 The steam turbine shall be equipped with a speed
governor set to maintain rated speed at maximum pump load.
13.2.2.2 The governor shall be capable of maintaining, at all
loads, the rated speed within a total range of approximately
8 percent from no turbine load to full-rated turbine load by
either of the following methods:
(1) With normal steam pressure and with hand valve closed
(2) With steam pressures down to 80 psi (5.5 bar) [or down
to 70 percent of full pressure where this is in excess of
120 psi (8.3 bar)] and with hand valve open
13.2.2.3 While the turbine is running at rated pump load, the
speed governor shall be capable of adjustment to secure
speeds of approximately 5 percent above and 5 percent below
the rated speed of the pump.
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13.2.1.3.7 This drain shall not be valved but shall discharge to
a safe location.
20–51
ACCEPTANCE TESTING, PERFORMANCE, AND MAINTENANCE
13.2.2.4 There shall also be provided an independent emergency governing device.
13.2.2.5 The independent emergency governing device shall
be arranged to shut off the steam supply at a turbine speed
approximately 20 percent higher than the rated pump speed.
Table 14.1.1.1(a) Flow Rates for Stationary Pumps
U.S. Customary Units
Metric Units
Pipe Size
(in.)
Flow Rate
(gpm)
Pipe Size
(mm)
Flow Rate
(L/min)
4
5
6
8
10
12
590
920
1,360
2,350
3,670
5,290
100
125
150
200
250
300
2,233
3,482
5,148
8,895
13,891
20,023
13.2.3 Gauge and Gauge Connections.
13.2.3.1 A listed steam pressure gauge shall be provided on
the entrance side of the speed governor.
13.2.3.2 A 0.25 in. (6 mm) pipe tap for a gauge connection
shall be provided on the nozzle chamber of the turbine.
13.2.3.3 The gauge shall indicate pressures not less than one
and one-half times the boiler pressure and in no case less than
240 psi (16.5 bar).
Table 14.1.1.1(b) Flush Rates for Positive Displacement
Pumps
13.2.3.4 The gauge shall be marked “Steam.”
13.2.4 Rotor.
13.2.4.1 The rotor of the turbine shall be of suitable material.
13.2.4.2 The first unit of a rotor design shall be type tested in
the manufacturer’s shop at 40 percent above rated speed.
U.S. Customary Units
Pipe Size
(in.)
Flow
(gpm)
Pipe Size
(mm)
Flow
(L/min)
11⁄2
2
3
4
6
100
250
400
450
500
40
50
80
100
150
378.50
945.25
1514.00
1703.25
1892.50
13.2.4.3 All subsequent units of the same design shall be
tested at 25 percent above rated speed.
13.2.5 Shaft.
13.2.5.1 The shaft of the turbine shall be of high-grade steel,
such as open-hearth carbon steel or nickel steel.
13.2.5.2 Where the pump and turbine are assembled as independent units, a flexible coupling shall be provided between
the two units.
13.2.5.3 Where an overhung rotor is used, the shaft for the
combined unit shall be in one piece with only two bearings.
13.2.5.4 The critical speed of the shaft shall be well above the
highest speed of the turbine so that the turbine will operate at
all speeds up to 120 percent of rated speed without objectionable vibration.
13.2.6 Bearings.
13.2.6.1 Sleeve Bearings. Turbines having sleeve bearings
shall have split-type bearing shells and caps.
13.2.6.2 Ball Bearings.
13.2.6.2.1 Turbines having ball bearings shall be acceptable
after they have established a satisfactory record in the commercial field.
13.2.6.2.2 Means shall be provided to give visible indication
of the oil level.
13.3* Installation. Details of steam supply, exhaust, and boiler
feed shall be carefully planned to provide reliability and effective operation of a steam turbine–driven fire pump.
Chapter 14
Acceptance Testing, Performance, and
Maintenance
14.1 Hydrostatic Tests and Flushing.
14.1.1 Flushing.
14.1.1.1 Suction piping shall be flushed at a flow rate not less
than indicated in Table 14.1.1.1(a) and Table 14.1.1.1(b) or at
the hydraulically calculated water demand rate of the system,
whichever is greater.
14.1.1.2 Flushing shall occur prior to hydrostatic test.
14.1.2 Hydrostatic Test.
14.1.2.1 Suction and discharge piping shall be hydrostatically
tested at not less than 200 psi (13.8 bar) pressure or at 50 psi
(3.4 bar) in excess of the maximum pressure to be maintained
in the system, whichever is greater.
14.1.2.2 The pressure required in 14.1.2.1 shall be maintained for 2 hours.
14.1.3* The installing contractor shall furnish a certificate for
flushing and hydrostatic test prior to the start of the fire pump
field acceptance test.
14.2 Field Acceptance Tests.
14.2.1 The pump manufacturer, the engine manufacturer
(when supplied), the controller manufacturer, and the transfer switch manufacturer (when supplied) or their factoryauthorized representatives shall be present for the field acceptance test. (See Section 4.4.)
14.2.2* All the authorities having jurisdiction shall be notified
as to the time and place of the field acceptance test.
14.2.3 Pump Room Electrical Wiring. All electric wiring to the
fire pump motor(s), including control (multiple pumps) interwiring, normal power supply, alternate power supply where
provided, and jockey pump, shall be completed and checked
by the electrical contractor prior to the initial startup and acceptance test.
14.2.4* Certified Pump Curve.
14.2.4.1 A copy of the manufacturer’s certified pump test
characteristic curve shall be available for comparison of the
results of the field acceptance test.
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Metric Units
2010 Edition
14.2.4.2 The fire pump as installed shall equal the performance
as indicated on the manufacturer’s certified shop test characteristic curve within the accuracy limits of the test equipment.
14.2.5* Field Acceptance Test Procedures.
14.2.5.1* Test Equipment.
14.2.5.1.1 Calibrated test equipment shall be provided to determine net pump pressures, rate of flow through the pump, volts
and amperes for electric motor–driven pumps, and speed.
14.2.5.1.2 Calibrated test gauges shall be used and bear a label
with the latest date of calibration. Gauges shall be calibrated a
minimum of annually. Calibration of test gauges shall be maintained at an accuracy level of ±1 percent.
14.2.5.2 Fire Pump Flow Testing(s).
14.2.5.2.1 The fire pump shall perform at minimum, rated, and
peak loads without objectionable overheating of any component.
14.2.5.2.2 Vibrations of the fire pump assembly shall not be
of a magnitude to pose potential damage to any fire pump
component.
14.2.5.2.3* The minimum, rated, and peak loads of the fire
pump shall be determined by controlling the quantity of water
discharged through approved test devices.
14.2.5.2.3.1 Where simultaneous operation of multiple
pumps is possible or required as part of a system design, the
acceptance test shall include a flow test of all pumps operating
simultaneously.
14.2.5.2.4 Where the maximum flow available from the water
supply cannot provide a flow of 150 percent of the rated flow
of the pump, the fire pump shall be operated at the greater of
100 percent of rated flow or the maximum flow demand of the
fire protection system(s) maximum allowable discharge to determine its acceptance. This reduced capacity shall constitute
an acceptable test, provided that the pump discharge exceeds
the fire protection system design and flow rate.
14.2.5.2.5 Where the suction to the fire pump is from a break
tank, the tank refill rate shall be tested and recorded. The refill
device shall be operated a minimum of five times.
14.2.5.2.6 Water Level Detection. Water level detection is required for all vertical turbine pumps installed in wells to determine the suction pressure available at the shutoff, 100 percent
flow, and 150 percent flow points to determine if the pump is
operating within its design conditions.
14.2.5.3 Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control.
14.2.5.3.1 Pumps with variable speed pressure limiting control shall be tested at minimum, rated, and peak loads, with
both the variable speed pressure limiting control operational
and the fire pump operating at rated speed.
14.2.5.3.2 The fire protection system shall be isolated and the
pressure relief valve closed for the tests required in 14.2.5.3.1.
14.2.5.4.3.2 The pump flow test for positive displacement
pumps shall be accomplished using a flowmeter or orifice
plate installed in a test loop back to the supply tank, inlet side
of a positive displacement water pump, or to drain.
14.2.5.4.3.3 The flowmeter reading or discharge pressure
shall be recorded and shall be in accordance with the pump
manufacturer’s flow performance data.
14.2.5.4.3.4 If orifice plates are used, the orifice size and corresponding discharge pressure to be maintained on the upstream side of the orifice plate shall be made available to the
authority having jurisdiction.
14.2.5.4.3.5 Flow rates shall be as specified while operating at
the system design pressure. Tests shall be performed in accordance with HI 3.6, Rotary Pump Tests.
14.2.5.4.3.6 Positive displacement pumps intended to pump
liquids other than water shall be permitted to be tested with
water; however, the pump performance will be affected, and
manufacturer’s calculations shall be provided showing the difference in viscosity between water and the system liquid.
14.2.5.4.4 Electric Motor–Driven Units. For electric motors
operating at rated voltage and frequency, the ampere demand
on each phase shall not exceed the product of the full-load
ampere rating times the allowable service factor as stamped on
the motor nameplate.
14.2.5.4.5 For electric motors operating under varying voltage, the product of the actual voltage and current demand on
each phase shall not exceed the product of the rated voltage
and rated full-load current times the allowable service factor.
14.2.5.4.6 The voltage at the motor shall not vary more than
5 percent below or 10 percent above rated (nameplate) voltage during the test. (See Section 9.4.)
14.2.5.4.7 Engine-Driven Units.
14.2.5.4.7.1 When dry charge batteries have been supplied,
electrolyte shall be added to the batteries a minimum of
24 hours prior to the time the engine is to be started and
the batteries given a conditioning charge.
14.2.5.4.7.2 Engine-driven units shall not show signs of overload or stress.
14.2.5.4.7.3 The governor of such units shall be set at the
time of the test to properly regulate the engine speed at rated
pump speed. (See 11.2.4.1.)
14.2.5.4.7.4 Engines equipped with a variable speed control
shall have the variable speed control device nonfunctioning
when the governor field adjustment in 11.2.4.1 is set and secured.
14.2.5.4.8 Steam Turbine–Driven Units. The steam turbine
shall maintain its speed within the limits specified in 13.2.2.
14.2.5.4* Measurement Procedure.
14.2.5.4.1 The quantity of water discharging from the fire
pump assembly shall be determined and stabilized.
14.2.5.4.9 Right Angle Gear Drive Units. The gear drive assembly shall operate without excessive objectionable noise, vibration, or heating.
14.2.5.4.2 Immediately thereafter, the operating conditions
of the fire pump and driver shall be measured.
14.2.5.4.3 Positive Displacement Pumps.
14.2.5.5 Loads Start Test. The fire pump unit shall be started
and brought up to rated speed without interruption under the
conditions of a discharge equal to peak load.
14.2.5.4.3.1 The pump flow for positive displacement pumps
shall be tested and determined to meet the specified rated
performance criteria where only one performance point is required to establish positive displacement pump acceptability.
14.2.5.6* Phase Reversal Test. For electric motors, a test shall
be performed to ensure that there is not a phase reversal condition in either the normal power supply configuration or
from the alternate power supply (where provided).
2010 Edition
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20–52
20–53
14.2.6.1* Fire pump controllers shall be tested in accordance
with the manufacturer’s recommended test procedure.
14.2.6.2 As a minimum, no fewer than six automatic and
six manual operations shall be performed during the acceptance test.
14.2.6.3 An electric driven fire pump shall be operated for a
period of at least 5 minutes at full speed during each of the
operations required in 14.2.5.
14.2.6.4 An engine driver shall not be required to run for
5 minutes at full speed between successive starts until the cumulative cranking time of successive starts reaches 45 seconds.
14.2.6.5 The automatic operation sequence of the controller
shall start the pump from all provided starting features.
14.2.6.6 This sequence shall include pressure switches or remote starting signals.
14.2.6.7 Tests of engine-driven controllers shall be divided
between both sets of batteries.
14.2.6.8 The selection, size, and setting of all overcurrent protective devices, including fire pump controller circuit breaker,
shall be confirmed to be in accordance with this standard.
14.2.6.9 The fire pump shall be started once from each
power service and run for a minimum of 5 minutes.
CAUTION: Manual emergency operation shall be accomplished by manual actuation of the emergency handle to the
fully latched position in a continuous motion. The handle shall
be latched for the duration of this test run.
14.2.7 Alternate Power Supply.
14.2.7.1 On installations with an alternate source of power
and an automatic transfer switch, loss of primary source shall
be simulated and transfer shall occur while the pump is operating at peak load.
14.2.7.2 Transfer from normal to alternate source and retransfer from alternate to normal source shall not cause opening of overcurrent protection devices in either line.
14.2.7.3 At least half of the manual and automatic operations
of 14.2.6.2 shall be performed with the fire pump connected
to the alternate source.
14.3.1 A minimum of one set of instruction manuals for all major components of the fire pump system shall be supplied by the
manufacturer of each major component.
14.3.2 The manual shall contain the following:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
A detailed explanation of the operation of the component
Instructions for routine maintenance
Detailed instructions concerning repairs
Parts list and parts identification
Schematic electrical drawings of controller, transfer
switch, and fire pump control panels
14.3.3 Any special tools and testing devices required for routine
maintenance shall be available for inspection by the authority
having jurisdiction at the time of the field acceptance test.
14.3.4 Consideration shall be given to stocking spare parts
for critical items not readily available.
14.4 Periodic Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. Fire
pumps shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance
with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.
14.5 Component Replacement.
14.5.1 Positive Displacement Pumps.
14.5.1.1 Whenever a critical path component in a positive
displacement fire pump is replaced, as defined in 14.5.2.5, a
field test of the pump shall be performed.
14.5.1.2 If components that do not affect performance are
replaced, such as shafts, then only a functional test shall be
required to ensure proper installation and reassembly.
14.5.1.3 If components that affect performance are replaced,
such as rotors, plungers, and so forth, then a retest shall be
conducted by the pump manufacturer or designated representative or qualified persons acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
14.5.1.4 Field Retest Results.
14.5.1.4.1 The field retest results shall be compared to the
original pump performance as indicated by the original
factory-certified test curve, whenever it is available.
14.2.7.4 If the alternate power source is a generator set required by 9.3.2, installation acceptance shall be in accordance
with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.
14.5.1.4.2 The field retest results shall meet or exceed the
performance characteristics as indicated on the pump nameplate, and the results shall be within the accuracy limits of field
testing as stated elsewhere in this standard.
14.2.8 Emergency Governor for Steam Driven Units.
14.5.2 Centrifugal Pumps.
14.2.8.1 Emergency governor valve for steam shall be operated to demonstrate satisfactory performance of the assembly.
14.5.2.1 Whenever a critical path component in a piece of
centrifugal pump equipment is replaced, changed, or modified, a field/on-site retest shall be performed.
14.2.8.2 Hand tripping shall be acceptable.
14.3 Manuals, Special Tools, and Spare Parts.
14.2.9 Simulated Conditions. Both local and remote signals
and fire pump alarm conditions shall be simulated to demonstrate satisfactory operation.
14.2.10 Test Duration. The fire pump or foam concentrate
pump shall be in operation for not less than 1 hour total time
during all of the foregoing tests.
14.2.11* Electronic Fuel Management (ECM). For engines
with electronic fuel management (ECM) control systems, a
function test of both the primary and the alternate ECM shall
be conducted.
14.5.2.2 The replacement of components in fire pumps, fire
pump controllers, and drivers shall be performed by factoryauthorized representatives or qualified persons acceptable to
the authority having jurisdiction.
14.5.2.3* When an ECM on an electronic fuel management–
controlled engine is replaced, the replacement ECM shall include the same software programming that was in the original
ECM.
14.5.2.4 Replacement Parts. Table 14.5.2.4 shall be used for
component replacement testing requirements.
2010 Edition
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14.2.6 Controller Acceptance Test for Electric and Diesel
Driven Units.
20–54
Table 14.5.2.4 Summary of Component Replacement Testing Requirements
Component
Adjust
Repair
Rebuild
Replace
Test Criteria
X
Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20,
14.5.2.7.2, 14.5.1.4
14.5.2.7.2, 14.5.1.4
14.5.2.7.2, 14.5.1.4
Perform annual test in accordance with NFPA 25, 8.3.3
with alignment
with alignment
with alignment
with alignment
Perform weekly test in accordance with NFPA 25, 8.3.2
A. Fire Pump Systems
1. Entire pump assembly
2. Impeller/rotating assembly
X
X
3. Casing
X
X
4. Bearings
X
5. Sleeves
X
6. Wear rings
X
7. Main shaft
8. Packing
X
X
X
X
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B. Mechanical Transmission
1. Gear right angle drives
2. Drive coupling
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14.5.2.7.2
Perform annual test in accordance with NFPA 20,
14.2.5
C. Electrical System/Controller
1. Entire controller
2. Isolating switch
3. Circuit breaker
X
4. Circuit breaker
5. Electrical connections
X
X
6. Main contactor
7. Main contactor
X
8. Power monitor
9. Start relay
10. Pressure switch
X
X
X
X
11. Pressure transducer
X
X
12. Manual start or stop switch
13. Transfer switch — load
carrying parts
14. Transfer switch — no load
parts
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Perform acceptance test with NFPA 20, 14.2.6
Perform acceptance test with NFPA 25, 8.3.2 and
exercise six times
Perform six momentary starts in accordance with
NFPA 20, 14.2.6.9
Perform a 1 hour full load current test
Perform weekly test in accordance with
NFPA 25, 8.3.2
Perform weekly test in accordance with
NFPA 25, 8.3.2
14.2.6
Perform acceptance test in accordance with
NFPA 20, 14.2.6.9
Perform acceptance test in accordance with
NFPA 20, 14.2.6.9
Perform six operations under load with NFPA 25, 8.3.2
Perform acceptance test and transfer from normal
power to emergency power and back one time with
NFPA 20, 14.5.2
Perform six no load operations of transfer of power
with NFPA 20, 14.5.2.5
D. Electric Motor Driver
1. Electric motor
2. Motor bearings
X
3. Incoming power
conductors/disconnects
X
2010 Edition
14.5.2.7.2, 14.5.2.6
with alignment
Perform acceptance test NFPA 20, 14.5.2
20–55
Table 14.5.2.4 Continued
Component
Adjust
Repair
Rebuild
Replace
Test Criteria
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Perform annual test in accordance with NFPA 25, 8.3.3,
NFPA 20, 14.5.2.4.1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Perform a start/stop sequence with NFPA 25, 8.3.2
X
X
X
X
14.5.2.7.2
1. Entire pump
X
2. Rotors
3. Plungers
4. Shaft
5. Driver
6. Bearings
7. Seals
X
X
X
X
X
X
14.5.2.7.2
E. Diesel Engine Driver
1. Entire engine
2. Fuel transfer pump
3. Fuel injector pump or ECM
4. Fuel system filter
5. Combustion air intake
system
6. Fuel tank
7. Cooling system
8. Batteries
9. Battery charger
10. Electrical system
11. Lubrication filter/oil service
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
F. Steam Turbines
1. Steam turbine
2. Steam regulator or source
upgrade
G. Positive Displacement Pumps
X
X
H. Pump House/Room and Misc Components
1. Base plate
X
2. Foundation
X
3. Suction/discharge pipe
4. Suction/discharge fittings
5. Suction/discharge valves
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14.5.2.4.1 Replacement parts shall be provided that will maintain the listing for the fire pump component whenever possible.
14.5.2.4.2 If it is not possible to maintain the listing of a component or if the component was not originally listed for fire
protection use, the replacement parts shall meet or exceed
the quality of the parts being replaced.
14.5.2.5 Critical path components include the following features of the pump equipment:
(1) Fire pumps
(a) Impeller, casing
(b) Gear drives
(2) Fire pump controllers (electric or diesel): total replacement
(3) Electric motor, steam turbines, or diesel engine drivers
(a) Electric motor replacement
(b) Steam turbine replacement or rebuild
with alignment check
with alignment check
Hydrostatic test in accordance with NFPA 13, 24.2.1
(c) Steam regulator or source upgrade
(d) Engine replacement or engine rebuild
14.5.2.6 Whenever replacement, change, or modification to
a critical path component is performed on a fire pump, driver,
or controller, as described in 14.5.2.5, a retest shall be conducted as indicated in Table 14.5.2.4 by the pump manufacturer, factory-authorized representative, or qualified persons
14.5.2.7 Field Retests.
14.5.2.7.1 The field retest results shall be compared to the
original pump performance as indicated by the original
factory-certified test curve, whenever it is available.
14.5.2.7.2 The field retest results shall meet or exceed the
performance characteristics as indicated on the pump nameplate, and they shall be within the accuracy limits of field testing as stated elsewhere in this standard.
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20–56
Annex A
Explanatory Material
Pump shaft centerline
and datum elevation
Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document
but is included for informational purposes only. This annex contains
explanatory material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text
paragraphs.
A.1.1 For more information, see NFPA 25, Standard for the
Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection
Systems, and NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 695.
A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association
does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of
installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance
with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of
such standards, said authority may require evidence of proper
installation, procedure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an
organization that is concerned with product evaluations and is
thus in a position to determine compliance with appropriate
standards for the current production of listed items.
A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase “authority having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in
NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and
approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a
federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory
authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many
circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated
agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at
government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction.
A.3.2.3 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment
may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as
listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.
A.3.3.23 Head. The unit for measuring head is the foot
(meter). The relation between pressure expressed in pounds
per square inch (bar) and pressure expressed in feet (meters)
of head is expressed by the following formulas:
Head in feet =
Pressure in psi
0.433 specific gravity
Head in meters =
Pressure in bar
0.098 specific gravity
In terms of foot-pounds (meter-kilograms) of energy per
pound (kilogram) of water, all head quantities have the dimensions of feet (meters) of water. All pressure readings are
converted into feet (meters) of the water being pumped. (See
Figure A.3.3.23.)
A.3.3.23.3.1 Total Head (H), Horizontal Pumps. See Figure A.3.3.23.3.1. (Figure A.3.3.23.3.1 does not show the various types of pumps applicable.)
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Horizontal double-suction pump
Pump centerline
CL
First-stage
Datum
Vertical double-suction pump
Notes:
(1) For all types of horizontal shaft pumps (single-stage doublesuction pump shown). Datum is same for multistage, single- (end)
suction ANSI-type or any pump with a horizontal shaft.
(2) For all types of vertical shaft pumps (single-stage vertical
double-suction pump shown). Datum is same for single- (end)
suction, in-line, or any pump with a vertical shaft.
FIGURE A.3.3.23 Datum Elevation of Two Stationary Pump
Designs.
H
(total head)
hv (discharge)
(velocity
head)
Water level
equivalent to
discharge
gauge reading
hv (suction) (velocity head)
hs
(total
suction
head)
Water level
equivalent to
suction gauge
reading
Suction
gauge
hd
(total
discharge
head)
Discharge
gauge
Datum
Note: Installation with suction head above atmospheric pressure shown.
FIGURE A.3.3.23.3.1 Total Head of All Types of Stationary
(Not Vertical Turbine–Type) Fire Pumps.
20–57
ANNEX A
A.3.3.23.3.2 Total Head (H), Vertical Turbine Pumps. See Figure A.3.3.23.3.2.
A.3.3.23.6 Velocity Head (hv). Velocity head (hv) is expressed
by the following formula:
hv =
v2
2g
where:
v = velocity in the pipe [ft/sec (m/sec)]
g = acceleration due to gravity: 32.17 ft/sec2 (9.807
m/sec2) at sea level and 45 degrees latitude
A.3.3.41 Service. For more information, see NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code, Article 100.
A.3.3.42 Service Equipment. For more information, see
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 100.
A.3.3.45 Signal. A response to signals is expected within 2 hours.
A.4.2 Because of the unique nature of fire pump units, the
approval should be obtained prior to the assembly of any specific component.
A.4.3.2(2) Nationally recognized fire protection certification
programs include, but are not limited to, those programs offered by the International Municipal Signal Association
(IMSA) and the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET). Note: These organizations
and the products or services offered by them have not been
independently verified by the NFPA, nor have the products or
services been endorsed or certified by the NFPA or any of its
technical committees.
A.4.3.3(2) See A.4.3.2(2).
A.4.3.4 Service personnel should be able to do the following:
(1) Understand the requirements contained in this standard
and in NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, and the fire pump
requirements contained in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
(2) Understand basic job site safety laws and requirements
(3) Apply troubleshooting techniques and determine the
cause of fire protection system trouble conditions
hv (discharge) (velocity head)
hd (total discharge head)
Discharge
gauge
Water level
equivalent to
suction gauge
reading
Datum
H
(total head)
Ground level
h (vertical distance, datum to
pumping water level)
Static water level
Drawdown
Pumping water level
FIGURE A.3.3.23.3.2 Total Head of Vertical Turbine–Type
Fire Pumps.
(4) Understand equipment-specific requirements, such as
programming, application, and compatibility
(5) Read and interpret fire protection system design documentation and manufacturers’ inspection, testing, and
maintenance guidelines
(6) Properly use tools and equipment required for testing
and maintenance of fire protection systems and their
components
(7) Properly apply the test methods required by this standard
and NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems
A.4.3.4.1(2) See A.4.3.2(2).
A.4.4.1 A single entity should be designated as having unit
responsibility for the pump, driver, controller, transfer switch
equipment, and accessories. Unit responsibility means the accountability to answer and resolve any and all problems regarding the proper installation, compatibility, performance,
and acceptance of the equipment. Unit responsibility should
not be construed to mean purchase of all components from a
single supplier.
A.4.6.1 For water supply capacity and pressure requirements,
see the following documents:
(1) NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
(2) NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose
Systems
(3) NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
(4) NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler
and Foam-Water Spray Systems
(5) NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service
Mains and Their Appurtenances
A.4.6.2 Where the suction supply is from a factory-use water
system, pump operation at 150 percent of rated capacity should
not create hazardous process upsets due to low water pressure.
A.4.6.4 Water sources containing salt or other materials deleterious to the fire protection systems should be avoided.
Where the authority having jurisdiction approves the start
of an engine-driven fire pump on loss of ac power supply, the
liquid supply should be sufficient to meet the additional cooling water demand.
A.4.7.1 This subsection does not preclude the use of pumps
in public and private water supplies that provide water for
domestic, process, and fire protection purposes. Such pumps
are not fire pumps and are not expected to meet all the requirements of this standard. Such pumps are permitted for
fire protection if they are considered reliable by the analysis
mandated in Section 4.6. Evaluating the reliability should include at least the levels of supervision and rapid response to
problems as are typical in municipal water systems.
If a private development (campus) needs a fire protection
pump, this is typically accomplished by installing a dedicated
fire pump (in accordance with this standard) in parallel with a
domestic pump or as part of a dedicated fire branch/loop off
a water supply.
A.4.7.3 It is not the intent of this subsection to require replacement of dual driver installations made prior to the adoption of the 1974 edition of this standard.
A.4.7.6 For centrifugal and turbine pumps, the maximum
brake horsepower required to drive the pump typically occurs at
a flow beyond 150 percent of the rated capacity. For positive displacement pumps, the maximum brake horsepower required to
drive the pump typically occurs when the relief valve is flowing
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20–58
100 percent of the rated pump capacity. Pumps connected to
variable speed drivers may operate at lower speeds, but the driver
needs to be selected based upon the power required to drive the
pump at rated speed and maximum pump load under any flow
condition.
A.4.7.7 It is poor design practice to overdesign the fire pump
and driver and then count on the pressure relief valve to open
and relieve the excess pressure. A pressure relief valve is not an
acceptable method of reducing system pressure under normal
operating conditions.
A.4.7.7.2 It is not the intent of this subsection to restrict the use
of pressure reducing valves downstream of the discharge isolation valve for the purpose of meeting the requirements of 4.7.7.
A.4.7.7.3.2 This requirement is intended to take into consideration the set pressure tolerance performance of the variable
speed pressure limiting control as stated by the manufacturer.
A.4.8 The performance of the pump when applied at capacities
over 140 percent of rated capacity can be adversely affected by
the suction conditions. Application of the pump at capacities less
than 90 percent of the rated capacity is not recommended.
The selection and application of the fire pump should not be
confused with pump operating conditions. With proper suction
conditions, the pump can operate at any point on its characteristic curve from shutoff to 150 percent of its rated capacity.
A.4.8.2 In countries that use the metric system, there do not
appear to be standardized flow ratings for pump capacities;
therefore, the metric conversions listed in Table 4.8.2 are soft
conversions.
A.4.10.2 For protection against damage from overpressure,
where desired, a gauge protector should be installed.
A.4.12 Special consideration needs to be given to fire pump
installations installed belowgrade. Light, heat, drainage, and ventilation are several of the variables that need to be addressed.
Some locations or installations might not require a pump house.
Where a pump room or pump house is required, it should be of
ample size and located to permit short and properly arranged
piping. The suction piping should receive first consideration.
The pump house should preferably be a detached building of
noncombustible construction. A one-story pump room with a
combustible roof, either detached or well cut off from an adjoining one-story building, is acceptable if sprinklered. Where a detached building is not feasible, the pump room should be located
and constructed so as to protect the pump unit and controls
from falling floors or machinery and from fire that could drive
away the pump operator or damage the pump unit or controls.
Access to the pump room should be provided from outside the
building. Where the use of brick or reinforced concrete is not
feasible, metal lath and plaster is recommended for the construction of the pump room. The pump room or pump house should
not be used for storage purposes. Vertical shaft turbine–type
pumps might necessitate a removable panel in the pump house
roof to permit the pump to be removed for inspection or repair.
Proper clearances to equipment should be provided as recommended by the manufacturer’s drawings.
A.4.12.1 A fire pump that is inoperative for any reason at any
time constitutes an impairment to the fire protection system.
It should be returned to service without delay.
Rain and intense heat from the sun are adverse conditions
to equipment not installed in a completely protective enclosure. At a minimum, equipment installed outdoors should be
shielded by a roof or deck.
A.4.12.1.1 Most fire departments have procedures requiring
operation of a fire pump unit during an incident. Building
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designers should locate the fire pump room to be easily accessible during an incident.
A.4.12.1.1.4 Equipment that increases the fire hazard (such
as boilers) and is not related to fire protection systems should
not be in a fire pump room.
A.4.12.7 Pump rooms and pump houses should be dry and
free of condensate. To accomplish a dry environment, heat
might be necessary.
A.4.13.1 The exterior of aboveground steel piping should be
kept painted.
A.4.13.2 Flanges welded to pipe are preferred.
A.4.13.6 When welding is performed on the pump suction or
discharge piping with the pump in place, the welding ground
should be on the same side of the pump as the welding.
A.4.14.1 The exterior of steel suction piping should be kept
painted.
Buried iron or steel pipe should be lined and coated or
protected against corrosion in conformance with AWWA C104,
Cement-Mortar Lining for Cast-Iron and Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water, or equivalent standards.
A.4.14.3.1 It is permitted that the suction pressure drop to
–3 psi for a horizontal pump that is taking suction from a grade
level storage tank where the pump room elevation and bottom of
the water storage tank are at the same elevation. This negative
suction pressure is to allow for the friction loss in the suction
piping when the pump is operating at 150 percent capacity.
A.4.14.4 The following notes apply to Figure A.4.14.4:
(1) A jockey pump is usually required with automatically controlled pumps.
Header used only
for testing
From
supply
To
system
F
J
Header used as a
hydrant or for testing
From
supply
To
system
F
J
F
J
Fire pump
Check valve
Jockey pump
Hose header
OS&Y gate valve
or indicating butterfly
valve
OS&Y gate valve
FIGURE A.4.14.4 Schematic Diagram of Suggested Arrangements for a Fire Pump with a Bypass, Taking Suction from
Public Mains.
ANNEX A
(2) If testing facilities are to be provided, also see
Figure A.4.20.1.2(a) and Figure A.4.20.1.2(b).
(3) Pressure-sensing lines also need to be installed in accordance with 10.5.2.1 or 12.7.2.1. See Figure A.4.30(a) and
Figure A.4.30(b).
A.4.14.5 Where the suction supply is from public water mains,
the gate valve should be located as far as is practical from the
suction flange on the pump. Where it comes from a stored water
container, the gate valve should be located at the outlet of the
container. A butterfly valve on the suction side of the pump can
create turbulence that adversely affects the pump performance
and can increase the possibility of blockage of the pipe.
A.4.14.6 See Figure A.4.14.6. (See Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps for additional information.)
A.4.14.8 In the selection of screen material, consideration
should be given to prevention of fouling from aquatic growth.
Antifouling is best accomplished with brass or copper wire.
A.4.14.9 The term device as used in this subsection is intended to
include, but not be limited to, devices that sense suction pressure
Right
Wrong
Air pocket
Suction
Right
Wrong
Suction pipe
PLAN VIEW
Suction pipe
PLAN VIEW
x > 10 ¥ diameter
x £ 10 ¥
diameter
ELEVATION VIEW
ELEVATION VIEW
FIGURE A.4.14.6 Right and Wrong Pump Suctions.
20–59
and then restrict or stop the fire pump discharge. Due to the
pressure losses and the potential for interruption of the flow to
the fire protection systems, the use of backflow prevention devices is discouraged in fire pump piping. Where required, however, the placement of such a device on the discharge side of the
pump is to ensure acceptable flow characteristics to the pump
suction. It is more efficient to lose the pressure after the pump
has boosted it, rather than before the pump boosts it. Where the
backflow preventer is on the discharge side of the pump and a
jockey pump is installed, the jockey pump discharge and sensing
lines need to be located so that a cross-connection is not created
through the jockey pump.
A.4.14.10 For more information, see the Hydraulic Institute
Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps.
A.4.15.3 Flanges welded to the pipe are preferred.
A.4.15.5 The discharge pipe size should be such that, with the
pump(s) operating at 150 percent of rated capacity, the velocity
in the discharge pipe does not exceed 20 ft/sec (6.1 m/sec).
A.4.15.6 Large fire protection systems sometimes experience
severe water hammer caused by backflow when the automatic
control shuts down the fire pump. Where conditions can be
expected to cause objectionable water hammer, a listed antiwater-hammer check valve should be installed in the discharge
line of the fire pump. Automatically controlled pumps in tall
buildings could give trouble from water hammer as the pump
is shutting down.
Where a backflow preventer is substituted for the discharge
check valve, an additional backflow preventer might be necessary
in the bypass piping to prevent backflow through the bypass.
check valve, the connection for the sensing line is permitted to
be between the last check valve and the last control valve if the
pressure-sensing line connection can be made without altering the backflow valve or violating its listing. This method can
sometimes be done by adding a connection through the test
port on the backflow valve. In this situation, the discharge control valve is not necessary, because the last control valve on the
backflow preventer serves this function.
check valve and the connection of the sensing line cannot be
made within the backflow preventer, the sensing line should
be connected between the backflow preventer and the pump’s
discharge control valve. In this situation, the backflow preventer cannot substitute for the discharge control valve because
the sensing line must be able to be isolated.
A.4.15.9.3 The friction loss through a low suction throttling
valve must be taken into account in the design of the fire protection system.
A.4.15.10 See 4.7.7.2.
A.4.16 Isolation valves and control valves are considered to
be identical when used in conjunction with a backflow prevention assembly.
A.4.17 Pipe breakage caused by movement can be greatly
lessened and, in many cases, prevented by increasing flexibility between major parts of the piping. One part of the piping
should never be held rigidly and another free to move without
provisions for relieving the strain. Flexibility can be provided
by the use of flexible couplings at critical points and by allowing clearances at walls and floors. Fire pump suction and discharge pipes should be treated the same as sprinkler risers for
whatever portion is within a building. (See NFPA 13, Standard for
the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.)
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valve is required by the standard to be installed is when the diesel
engine is turning faster than normal, and since this is a relatively
rare event, it is permitted for the discharge from the pressure
relief valve to be piped back to the suction side of the pump.
A.4.18.1.2 In situations where the required system pressure is
close to the pressure rating of the system components and the
water supply pressure varies significantly over time, to eliminate system overpressurization, it might be necessary to use
one of the following:
(1) A tank between the water supply and the pump suction, in
lieu of directly connecting to the water supply piping
(2) A variable speed pressure limiting control device
Holes through pump room fire walls should be packed with
mineral wool or other suitable material held in place by pipe
collars on each side of the wall. Pipes passing through foundation
walls or pit walls into ground should have clearance from these
walls, but holes should be watertight. Space around pipes passing
through pump room walls or pump house floors can be filled
with asphalt mastic.
A.4.18.1 The pressure is required to be evaluated at
121 percent of the net rated shutoff pressure because the pressure is proportional to the square of the speed that the pump is
turned. A diesel engine governor is required to be capable of
limiting the maximum engine speed to 110 percent, creating a
pressure of 121 percent. Since the only time that a pressure relief
A.4.18.2.1 See Figure A.4.18.2.1.
SAMPLE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE CALCULATION
DISCHARGE TO ATMOSPHERE
Pressure rating of the system components
175
Maximum pump overspeed
105%
Pump size
1500
100
Maximum
Pressure Static
or Pump
Overspeed
Normal
Static or
Rated Speed
Pump net pressure
112.5
102
Pump net churn pressure
132.3
120
71.7
65
Pump net pressure @ 150% of rated flow
Static pressure at pump suction
Available flow at pump suction
60
57
1320
1320
Residual pressure at pump suction
50
47
192.3
177.0
Pump flow rate at which the maximum discharge pressure
does not exceed the pressure rating of the system components
1068.0
340.0
Estimated flow rate through the pressure relief valve
1795.5
1725.3
114.2
105.7
Maximum pump discharge pressure at churn
Pump discharge pressure at estimated flow
Pressure relief valve size
4
Pressure relief valve pipe size
4.026
Nozzle (pipe) discharge coefficient
0.9
C factor
120
Pressure relief valve Cv
240
Type Fitting
Pressure Relief
Valve Fittings
Number
Total Equiv.
Length
45∞
1
4
4
ELLs
2
10
20
LRE
0
6
0
Pressure relief valve pipe length
30
Total equivalent length
54
Calculated Results
Friction loss per foot in pipe at estimated flow
Equiv.
Length
Maximum
Normal
0.7641
0.7098
Total loss in pressure relief valve piping
41.3
38.3
Friction loss in pressure relief valve at estimated flow
56.0
51.7
Pressure at pressure relief valve discharge
17.0
15.7
Elevation difference
Calculated discharge flow out of wide open pressure
relief valve
0
0
1795
1726
FIGURE A.4.18.2.1 Sample Pressure Relief Valve Calculation.
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Rated pump pressure
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ANNEX A
A.4.18.7 Where the relief valve discharges back to the source
of supply, the back pressure capabilities and limitations of the
valve to be used should be determined. It might be necessary
to increase the size of the relief valve and piping above the
minimum to obtain adequate relief capacity due to back pressure restriction.
See Note 1 See Note 1
See
Note 5
M
Bypass (if
of value)
To drain or
pump water
source
To system
From supply
F
To system
A.4.18.8 When discharge enters the reservoir below minimum water level, there is not likely to be an air problem. If it
enters over the top of the reservoir, the air problem is reduced
by extending the discharge to below the normal water level.
From supply
F
To system
From supply
F
To system
A.4.20.1.1 The two objectives of running a pump test are to
make sure that the pump itself is still functioning properly
and to make sure that the water supply can still deliver the
correct amount of water to the pump at the correct pressure. Some arrangements of test equipment do not permit
the water supply to be tested. Every fire pump installation
needs to have at least one arrangement of test equipment
where the water supply can be tested. Inspection, testing,
and maintenance standards (NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection
Systems) require the pump test to be run at least once every
3 years using a method that tests the water supply’s ability to
provide water to the pump.
From supply
J
To system
M
Flowmeter
F
Fire pump
J
Jockey pump
Check valve
Hose header
(1) The distance from the flowmeter to either isolation valve
should be as recommended by the meter manufacturer.
(2) There should be a distance of not less than 5 diameters of
suction pipe for top or bottom suction connection to the
fire pump suction flange. There should be a distance of not
less than 10 diameters of suction pipe for side connection
(not recommended) to the fire pump suction flange.
(3) Automatic air release should be provided if piping forms
an inverted “U,” trapping air.
(4) The fire protection system should have outlets available to test the fire pump and suction supply piping.
(See A.4.20.3.1.)
(5) The closed loop meter arrangement will test only net
pump performance. It does not test the condition of the
suction supply, valves, piping, and so forth.
(6) Return piping should be arranged so that no air can be
trapped that would eventually end up in the eye of the
pump impeller.
(7) Turbulence in the water entering the pump should be
avoided to eliminate cavitation, which would reduce
pump discharge and damage the pump impeller. For
this reason, side connection is not recommended.
(8) Prolonged recirculation can cause damaging heat
buildup, unless some water is wasted.
(9) The flowmeter should be installed according to manufacturer’s instructions.
(10) Pressure sensing lines also need to be installed in accordance with 10.5.2.1. [See Figure A.4.30(a) and
Figure A.4.30(b).]
OS&Y gate
valve or indicating
butterfly valve
OS&Y
gate valve
FIGURE A.4.20.1.2(a) Preferred Arrangement for Measuring
Fire Pump Water Flow with Meter for Multiple Pumps and Water
Supplies. Water is permitted to discharge to a drain or to the fire
pump water source. (See the text for information on the notes.)
A.4.20.1.2 Outlets can be provided through the use of standard
test headers, yard hydrants, wall hydrants, or standpipe hose
valves.
The following notes apply to Figure A.4.20.1.2(a) and Figure A.4.20.1.2(b):
Hose header
(if needed for
hose streams)
Meter control
valve
See
Note 4
Meter throttle
valve
See
Note 3
M
See Note 1
See Note 1
From
supply
Fire department
connection
(see NFPA 13
and NFPA 14)
To
system
F
See Note 2
J
Bypass (if of value)
M
Flowmeter
F
Fire
pump
J
Jockey
pump
Check
valve
Hose
header
OS&Y
gate valve
OS&Y gate
valve or
indicating
butterfly valve
Fire department
connection
FIGURE A.4.20.1.2(b) Typical Arrangement for Measuring
Fire Pump Water Flow with Meter. Discharge from the flowmeter is recirculated to the fire pump suction line. (See the text for
information on the notes.)
2010 Edition
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A.4.18.5 The relief valve cone should be piped to a point where
water can be freely discharged, preferably outside the building. If
the relief valve discharge pipe is connected to an underground
drain, care should be taken that no steam drains enter near
enough to work back through the cone and into the pump room.
20–62
when its main function is to provide a method of pump and
suction supply testing. Where the hose header also serves as
the equivalent of a yard hydrant, this omission should not reduce the number of hose valves to less than two.
A.4.20.2.1.1 Metering devices should discharge to drain.
In the case of a limited water supply, the discharge
should be back to the water source (e.g., suction tank, small
pond). If this discharge enters the source below minimum
water level, it is not likely to create an air problem for the
pump suction. If it enters over the top of the source, the air
problem is reduced by extending the discharge to below the
normal water level.
A.4.20.3.1.3(1) Outlets are typically provided through a standard test header. The test header is usually connected to the
pump system between the discharge check valve and the discharge control valve for the pump so that the fire protection
system can be isolated from the pump during testing if desired. However, the objective of testing the pump can be
achieved with other arrangements as well.
A.4.20.3.1 The hose valves should be attached to a header or
manifold and connected by suitable piping to the pump discharge piping. The connection point should be between the
discharge check valve and the discharge gate valve. Hose
valves should be located to avoid any possible water damage to
the pump driver or controller, and they should be outside the
pump room or pump house. If there are other adequate
pump testing facilities, the hose valve header can be omitted
A.4.20.3.4(2) See Figure A.4.20.3.4(2).
A.4.23 Pumps are designated as having right-hand, or clockwise (CW), rotation or left-hand, or counterclockwise (CCW),
SAMPLE PUMP TEST HEADER SIZE CALCULATION
Pump size
1500
Number of test hose streams
6
Size of hose
2¹⁄₂
Feet of hose per test hose
50
Nozzle size
1.75
Nozzle coefficient
0.97
Pump test header pipe size
8.071
C factor
120
Type
Fitting
Pump Test Header
Pipe Fittings
Number
Equiv.
Length
Total
Equiv.
Length
45∞
1
9
9
E
1
18
18
LRE
0
13
0
T
1
35
35
BV
0
12
0
GV
1
4
4
SW
1
45
45
Pump test header pipe length
Total equivalent length
Maximum test flow
Friction loss per ft in pipe
30
141
2250
0.0392
Total loss in pump test header pipe
Flow in each hose
Friction loss in 100 ft of hose
5.5
375
28.125
Total friction loss in hose
Equivalent pipe length 2¹⁄₂ in. valve
Friction loss in 2¹⁄₂ in. pipe
14.1
7
0.4561
Friction loss through 2¹⁄₂ in. valve
3.2
Required pitot pressure
18
Elevation difference
Required pump discharge
0
40.8
FIGURE A.4.20.3.4(2) Sample Pump Test Header Calculation.
2010 Edition
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20–63
ANNEX A
rotation. Diesel engines are commonly stocked and supplied
with clockwise rotation.
Pump shaft rotation can be determined as follows:
(1) Horizontal Pump Shaft Rotation. The rotation of a horizontal pump can be determined by standing at the driver end
and facing the pump. [See Figure A.4.23(a).] If the top of
the shaft revolves from the left to the right, the rotation is
right-handed, or clockwise (CW). If the top of the shaft
revolves from right to left, the rotation is left-handed, or
counterclockwise (CCW).
(2) Vertical Pump Shaft Rotation. The rotation of a vertical
pump can be determined by looking down at the top of
the pump. If the point of the shaft directly opposite revolves from left to right, the rotation is right-handed, or
clockwise (CW). [See Figure A.4.23(b).] If the point of the
shaft directly opposite revolves from right to left, the rotation is left-handed, or counterclockwise (CCW).
Clockwise rotation
Section A-A
TOP VIEW
A.4.24 In addition to those conditions that require signals for
pump controllers and engines, there are other conditions for
which such signals might be recommended, depending upon
local conditions. Some of these conditions are as follows:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Low pump room temperature
Relief valve discharge
Flowmeter left on, bypassing the pump
Water level in suction supply below normal
Water level in suction supply near depletion
Steam pressure below normal
A.4.25.1.1 The sizing of the pressure maintenance pump
requires a thorough analysis of the type and size of system
the pressure maintenance pump will serve. Pressure main-
Discharge
Suction
Suction
tenance pumps on fire protection systems that serve large
underground mains need to be larger than pressure maintenance pumps that serve small aboveground fire protection systems. Underground mains are permitted by
Mains and Their Appurtenances, to have some leakage (see
10.10.2.2.4 of NFPA 24 for allowable leakage rates) while aboveground piping systems are required to be tight when new
and should not have significant leakage.
For situations where the pressure maintenance pump serves
only aboveground piping for fire sprinkler and standpipe systems, the pressure maintenance pump should be sized to provide
a flow less than a single fire sprinkler. The main fire pump should
start and run (providing a pump running signal) for any waterflow situation where a sprinkler has opened, which will not happen if the pressure maintenance pump is too large.
One guideline that has been successfully used to size pressure
maintenance pumps is to select a pump that will make up the
allowable leakage rate in 10 minutes or 1 gpm (3.8 L/min),
whichever is larger.
A.4.25.4 A centrifugal-type pressure maintenance pump is
preferable.
The following notes apply to a centrifugal-type pressure
maintenance pump:
Some
diesels
available in
this rotation
at no extra
cost
Diesel
engines
available in
this rotation
Clockwise rotation
when viewed from
driver end
FIGURE A.4.23(a) Horizontal Pump Shaft Rotation.
(1) A jockey pump is usually required with automatically controlled pumps.
(2) Jockey pump suction can come from the tank filling supply line. This situation would allow high pressure to be
maintained on the fire protection system even when the
supply tank is empty for repairs.
(3) Pressure sensing lines also need to be installed in accordance with 10.5.2.1. [See and Figure A.4.30(a) and
Figure A.4.30(b).]
A.4.25.5.5 See Figure A.4.25.5.5.
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A
FIGURE A.4.23(b) Vertical Pump Shaft Rotation.
A.4.25 Pressure maintenance (jockey or make-up) pumps
should be used where it is desirable to maintain a uniform or
relatively high pressure on the fire protection system.
A domestic water pump in a dual-purpose water supply system can function as a means of maintaining pressure.
A
SIDE VIEW
Such additional signals can be incorporated into the
trouble signals already provided on the controller, or they can
be independent.
Counterclockwise rotation
when viewed from
driver end
Discharge
Suction
2010 Edition
20–64
A.4.28.1 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,
contains specific requirements for seismic design of fire protection systems. Tables are available to determine the relative
strength of many common bracing materials and fasteners.
F
A.4.29.9 Figure A.4.29.9 illustrates a typical foundation detail
for a packaged fire pump assembly.
J
From tank or
tank fill line
OS&Y
gate valve
Hose
header
F
Check valve
Fire pump
J
OS&Y gate valve
or indicating butterfly
valve
A.4.30.3 The use of soft copper tubing is not permitted for a
pressure sensing line because it is easily damaged.
Jockey pump
A.5.6 If backup fire pumps are required, they can be arranged
to prevent both pumps from starting and running simultaneously and, if done, the following arrangement is suggested:
FIGURE A.4.25.5.5 Jockey Pump Installation with Fire Pump.
Skids under 20 ft
Skids over 20 ft
X/4
5 ft
X
X/2
X/2
X/4
5 ft
Y/2
Y
A
2 in.
typ.
•
(1) Turning off or disconnecting power to the primary fire
pump controller should not prevent the redundant fire
pump from starting or running.
Notes:
(1) This drawing shows the minimum quantity of anchor bolts
needed for most skid installations. The actual anchor bolt
size and type are to be determined by the installing
contractor. Some building codes might require additional
bolts.
Estimated package weight is 80 to 100 lb/ft 2; for
Deck plate (optional)
packages with a building, add 30 lb/ft 2.
Grout hole
Add one additional anchor bolt (equally spaced) for each
10 ft (or fraction thereof) of additional skid length:
Fill openings with concrete
Up to 20 ft skid has 2 anchor bolts each side
21 ft to 30 ft skid has 2 anchor bolts each side
31 ft to 40 ft skid has 2 anchor bolts each side
Skids over 12 ft wide require an additional anchor bolt.
Pump and driver support
(2) After mounting package or skid on foundation, fill
structural opening with concrete to form a finished floor.
Fully grout between footings and all steel beams.
(3) For SI Units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = 0.3048 m; 1 lb = 2.2 kg.
Crossbeams
Minimum ³⁄₄ in. anchor bolt
with 4 in. ¥ 4 in. ¥ ¹⁄₂ in.
steel anchor plate
A
Grout hole
Deck plate
(optional)
Skid I-beam width – B in. typ.
Skid I-beam sized for live loads
Footer by others sized to carry a minimum
of 1000 lb/linear ft
Anchors located inside skid as shown
or along outside edge (typ. of 6)
Metal deck plate (optional)
grout with concrete floor with use of deck plate
Skid structure
Foam polystyrene or
insulation (by others)
Concrete floor (by others)
Exterior skid insulated
for colder climates
(optional)
Weld after installations complete
Anchor plate (by others)
Footer (by others)
Anchor bolt (by others)
Alternative anchor location
Section A–A
FIGURE A.4.29.9 Typical Foundation Detail for Packaged Fire Pump Assembly.
2010 Edition
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A.4.30 See Figure A.4.30(a) and Figure A.4.30(b).
20–65
ANNEX A
(2) Turning off or disconnecting power to the redundant fire
pump controller should not prevent the primary fire
pump from starting or running.
(3) Once the primary fire pump is locked out, it should remain locked out until manual reset.
(4) Once the redundant fire pump is running, it should remain running until manual reset.
(5) Either controller should always be capable of being operated by local manual starting regardless of any lockout that
has occurred.
(6) A local visual alarm and remote contacts should be provided to indicate that the primary fire pump has been
locked out.
A fully independent and automatic backup fire pump
unit(s) arranged so that all zones can be maintained in full
service with any one pump out of service should be considered
one such means.
See Note
Fire
pump
controller
Minimum
5 ft (1.5 m)
Fire
pump
Water
supply
Fire
protection
system
Jockey
pump
Jockey
pump
controller
Minimum
5 ft (1.5 m)
See Note
Note: Check valves or ground-face unions complying with 10.5.2.1.
FIGURE A.4.30(b) Piping Connection for Pressure-Sensing
Line (Diesel Fire Pump).
A.6.1.1 See Figure A.6.1.1(a) through Figure A.6.1.1(h).
A.6.1.2 The centrifugal pump is particularly suited to boost
the pressure from a public or private supply or to pump from a
storage tank where there is a positive static head.
If water pulsation causes erratic operation
of the pressure switch or the recorder, a
supplemental air chamber or pulsation
damper might be
needed.
Not less than 5 ft 0 in.
(1524 mm)
Indicating control valve
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Connect to a
tapped boss
or other
suitable
outlet between
the indicating
control valve
and check valve
¹⁄₂ in. (15 mm) globe
valves
Not less than
¹⁄₂ in. (15 mm)
brass pipe with
brass fittings
or equivalent
71 6
73 32 1 2
Control panel
Bronze check valves with
³⁄₃₂ in. (2 mm) orifice in
clapper
Pressure
Suction
switch
26
69
¹⁄₂ in. (15 mm) globe
valves
¹⁄₄ in. (6 mm) plug
A
¹⁄₄ in. (6 mm) plug
B
Test connection at A or B
Notes:
(1) Solenoid drain valve used for engine-driven fire pumps can be at
A, B, or inside controller enclosure.
(2) If water is clean, ground-face unions with noncorrosive diaphragms
drilled for ³⁄₃₂ in. orifices can be used in place of the check valves.
1
2
6
14
26
Casing
Impeller
Shaft
Sleeve, shaft
Screw, impeller
32
40
69
71
73
Key, impeller
Deflector
Lockwasher
Adapter
Gasket
FIGURE A.6.1.1(a) Overhung Impeller — Close Coupled
Single Stage — End Suction.
FIGURE A.4.30(a) Piping Connection for Each Automatic
Pressure Switch (for Diesel Fire Pump and Jockey Pumps).
14
40
2010 Edition
20–66
8 27 11
69 37 67 62 78 21 19
16
49
1
17 13 32
51 14 38
2
25
6
8
28
26
22
9
18
63
40
1
2
6
8
9
11
13
14
Casing
Impeller
Shaft, pump
Ring, impeller
Cover, suction
Cover, stuffing-box
Packing
Sleeve, shaft
16
17
18
19
21
22
25
26
Bearing, inboard
Gland
Bearing, outboard
Frame
Liner, frame
Locknut, bearing
Ring, suction cover
Screw, impeller
27 Ring, stuffing-box
cover
28 Gasket
29 Ring, lantern
32 Key, impeller
37 Cover, bearing, outboard
38 Gasket, shaft sleeve
40 Deflector
29
49 Seal, bearing cover,
outboard
51 Retainer, grease
62 Thrower (oil or grease)
63 Busing, stuffing-box
67 Shim, frame liner
69 Lockwasher
78 Spacer, bearing
FIGURE A.6.1.1(b) Overhung Impeller — Separately Coupled Single Stage — Frame Mounted.
2010 Edition
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20–67
ANNEX A
86
70
81
46
66
6
32
89
27
2
40
11
71
14
11
1
13
73
17
11
73
1
2
24
1 Casing
2 Impeller
11 Cover, seal chamber
13 Packing
14 Sleeve, shaft
17 Gland, packing
40 Deflector
71 Adapter
73 Gasket, casing
FIGURE A.6.1.1(c) Overhung Impeller — Close Coupled
Single Stage — In-Line (Showing Seal and Packaging).
1 Casing
2 Impeller
6 Shaft, pump
8 Ring, impeller
11 Cover, seal chamber
24 Nut, impeller
27 Ring, stuffing-box cover
32 Key, impeller
8
46
66
70
73
81
86
89
Key, coupling
Nut, shaft adjusting
Coupling, shaft
Gasket
Pedestal, driver
Ring, thrust, split
Seal
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FIGURE A.6.1.1(d) Overhung Impeller — Separately
Coupled Single Stage — In-Line — Rigid Coupling.
2010 Edition
20–68
33
37
65 80 1B
7
22 18 40 1A
42
33
88
18
44
99
49
6
81
16
47
14
40
17
1
89
73
11
2
1
2
6
11
14
16
17
18
33
40
Casing
Impeller
Shaft, pump
Cover, seal chamber
Sleeve, shaft
Bearing, inboard
Gland
Bearing, outboard
Cap, bearing, outboard
Deflector
42
44
47
49
73
81
88
89
99
Coupling half, driver
Coupling half, pump
Seal, bearing cover, inboard
Seal, bearing cover, outboard
Gasket
Pedestal, driver
Spacer, coupling
Seal
Housing, bearing
FIGURE A.6.1.1(e) Overhung Impeller — Separately
Coupled Single Stage — In-Line — Flexible Coupling.
2010 Edition
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1A
1B
2
6
7
8
14
16
18
20
Casing, lower half
Casing, upper half
Impeller
Shaft
Ring, casing
Ring, impeller
Sleeve, shaft
Bearing, inboard
Bearing, outboard
Nut, shaft sleeve
8
14
2
20
32
35
40
16
6
31
22
31
32
33
35
37
40
65
Locknut
Housing, bearing inboard
Key, impeller
Housing, bearing outboard
Cover, bearing inboard
Cover, bearing outboard
Deflector
Seal, mechanical stationary
element
80 Seal, mechanical rotating element
FIGURE A.6.1.1(f) Impeller Between Bearings — Separately
Coupled — Single Stage — Axial (Horizontal) Split Case.
20–69
ANNEX A
37
18B 18A
22
33
40
60 11
8
20 14
1 Casing
2 Impeller
6 Shaft
7 Ring, casing
8 Ring, impeller
11 Cover, stuffing-box
14 Sleeve, shaft
16
18A
18B
20
22
31
32
1
2
7
16
32
40
33
37
40
50
60
Bearing, inboard, sleeve
Bearing, outboard, sleeve
Bearing, outboard, ball
Nut, shaft sleeve
Locknut, bearing
Housing, bearing, inboard
Key, impeller
60 31
6
50
40
Housing, bearing, outboard
Cover, bearing, outboard
Deflector
Locknut, coupling
Ring, oil
FIGURE A.6.1.1(g) Impeller Between Bearings — Separately Coupled —
Single Stage — Radial (Vertical) Split Case.
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Close coupled,
single and two stage
Overhung impeller
Figure A.6.1.1(c)
In-line
Figures A.6.1.1(d) and (e)
Frame mounted
Figure A.6.1.1(b)
Centerline support
Not shown
Frame mounted
Not shown
Figure A.6.1.1(a)
Separately coupled,
single and two stage
Centrifugal *
Separately coupled,
single stage
Impeller between
bearings
Separately coupled,
multistage
Vertical type, single
and multistage
Kinetic
End suction (including
submersibles)
In-line
Turbine type
Regenerative
turbine
Impeller overhung or
between bearings
Wet pit volute
Not shown
Axial flow impeller (propeller)
volute type (horizontal or vertical)
Not shown
Axial (horizontal) split case
Figure A.6.1.1(f)
Radial (vertical) split case
Figure A.6.1.1(g)
Axial (horizontal) split case
Not shown
Radial (vertical) split case
Not shown
Deep well turbine
(including submersibles)
Not shown
Barrel or can pump
Not shown
Short setting or
close coupled
Not shown
Axial flow impeller (propeller)
or mixed flow type (horizontal
or vertical)
Not shown
Single stage
Not shown
Two stage
Not shown
Reversible centrifugal
Not shown
Rotating casing (Pitot)
Not shown
Special effect
Note: Kinetic pumps can be classified by such methods as impeller or casing configuration, end application of
the pump, specific speed, or mechanical configuration. The method used in this chart is based primarily
on mechanical configuration.
*Includes radial, mixed flow, and axial flow designs.
FIGURE A.6.1.1(h) Types of Stationary Pumps.
2010 Edition
20–70
A.6.2 Listed pumps can have different head capacity curve
shapes for a given rating. Figure A.6.2 illustrates the extremes
of probable curve shapes. Shutoff head will range from a minimum of 101 percent to a maximum of 140 percent of rated
head. At 150 percent of rated capacity, head will range from a
minimum of 65 percent to a maximum of just below rated
head. Pump manufacturers can supply expected curves for
their listed pumps.
1
4
9 10
7
6
8
11
14
13
17
2
19
150
Shutoff
140
16
•
Head capacity curve with
steepest shape permissible
•
•
•
•
•
3
•
5
Percent of rated total head
•
•
•
•
•
18
12
18
15
Rated total head
100
Rated
capacity
65
50
0
50
150
100
Percent of rated capacity
200
FIGURE A.6.2 Pump Characteristics Curves.
A.6.3.1 See Figure A.6.3.1(a) and Figure A.6.3.1(b).
A.6.4.1 Flexible couplings are used to compensate for temperature changes and to permit end movement of the connected shafts without interfering with each other.
A.6.4.4 A substantial foundation is important in maintaining
alignment. The foundation preferably should be made of reinforced concrete.
A.6.5 A pump and driver shipped from the factory with both
machines mounted on a common base plate are accurately
aligned before shipment. All base plates are flexible to some extent and, therefore, should not be relied upon to maintain the
factory alignment. Realignment is necessary after the complete
unit has been leveled on the foundation and again after the
grout has set and foundation bolts have been tightened. The
1 Aboveground suction tank
2 Entrance elbow and square steel
vortex plate with dimensions at
least twice the diameter of the
suction pipe. Distance above the
bottom of tank is one-half the
diameter of the suction pipe with
minimum of 6 in. (152 mm).
3 Suction pipe
4 Frostproof casing
5 Flexible couplings for strain relief
6 OS&Y gate valve (see 4.14.5 and
A.4.14.5)
7 Eccentric reducer
8 Suction gauge
FIGURE A.6.3.1(b) Backflow Preventer Installation.
2010 Edition
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16
17
18
19
Horizontal split-case fire pump
Automatic air release
Discharge gauge
Reducing discharge tee
Discharge check valve
Relief valve (if required)
Supply pipe for fire protection
system
Drain valve or ball drip
Hose valve manifold with
hose valves
Pipe supports
Indicating gate or indicating
butterfly valve
alignment should be checked after the unit is piped and rechecked periodically. To facilitate accurate field alignment, most
manufacturers either do not dowel the pumps or drivers on the
base plates before shipment or, at most, dowel the pump only.
After the pump and driver unit has been placed on the
foundation, the coupling halves should be disconnected. The
coupling should not be reconnected until the alignment operations have been completed.
The purpose of the flexible coupling is to compensate for
temperature changes and to permit end movement of the
shafts without interference with each other while transmitting
power from the driver to the pump.
To fire department
connection
Pump pad
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
FIGURE A.6.3.1(a) Horizontal Split-Case Fire Pump Installation with Water Supply Under a Positive Head.
Fire pump bypass
•
•
•
•
“Flat” head capacity curve
0
•
•
ANNEX A
20–71
The two forms of misalignment between the pump shaft
and the driver shaft are as follows:
(1) Angular misalignment — shafts with axes concentric but
not parallel
(2) Parallel misalignment — shafts with axes parallel but not
concentric
The faces of the coupling halves should be spaced within
the manufacturer’s recommendations and far enough apart
so that they cannot strike each other when the driver rotor
is moved hard over toward the pump. Due allowance should
be made for wear of the thrust bearings. The necessary tools
for an approximate check of the alignment of a flexible
coupling are a straight edge and a taper gauge or a set of
feeler gauges.
A check for angular alignment is made by inserting the taper
gauge or feelers at four points between the coupling faces and
comparing the distance between the faces at four points spaced
at 90-degree intervals around the coupling. [See Figure A.6.5(a).]
The unit will be in angular alignment when the measurements
show that the coupling faces are the same distance apart at all
points.
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIGURE A.6.5(a) Checking Angular Alignment. (Courtesy of
Hydraulic Institute, www.pumps.org.)
A check for parallel alignment is made by placing a straight
edge across both coupling rims at the top, bottom, and both
sides. [See Figure A.6.5(b).] The unit will be in parallel alignment when the straight edge rests evenly on the coupling rim
at all positions.
Allowance might be necessary for temperature changes
and for coupling halves that are not of the same outside diameter. Care should be taken to have the straight edge parallel to
the axes of the shafts.
Angular and parallel misalignment are corrected by means
of shims under the motor mounting feet. After each change, it
is necessary to recheck the alignment of the coupling halves.
Adjustment in one direction can disturb adjustments already
made in another direction. It should not be necessary to adjust
the shims under the pump.
FIGURE A.6.5(b) Checking Parallel Alignment. (Courtesy of
Hydraulic Institute, www.pumps.org.)
The permissible amount of misalignment will vary with
the type of pump, driver, and coupling manufacturer,
model, and size.
The best method for putting the coupling halves in final
accurate alignment is by the use of a dial indicator.
When the alignment is correct, the foundation bolts
should be tightened evenly but not too firmly. The unit can
then be grouted to the foundation. The base plate should be
completely filled with grout, and it is desirable to grout the
leveling pieces, shims, or wedges in place. Foundation bolts
should not be fully tightened until the grout has hardened,
usually about 48 hours after pouring.
After the grout has set and the foundation bolts have been
properly tightened, the unit should be checked for parallel
and angular alignment, and, if necessary, corrective measures
taken. After the piping of the unit has been connected, the
alignment should be checked again.
The direction of driver rotation should be checked to
make certain that it matches that of the pump. The corresponding direction of rotation of the pump is indicated by a
direction arrow on the pump casing.
The coupling halves can then be reconnected. With the
pump properly primed, the unit should be operated under
normal operating conditions until temperatures have stabilized. It then should be shut down and immediately checked
again for alignment of the coupling. All alignment checks
should be made with the coupling halves disconnected and
again after they are reconnected.
After the unit has been in operation for about 10 hours
or 3 months, the coupling halves should be given a final
check for misalignment caused by pipe or temperature
strains. If the alignment is correct, both pump and driver
should be dowelled to the base plate. Dowel location is very
important, and the manufacturer’s instructions should be
followed, especially if the unit is subject to temperature
changes.
2010 Edition
20–72
The unit should be checked periodically for alignment. If
the unit does not stay in line after being properly installed, the
following are possible causes:
Water-lubricated,
open lineshaft pump,
surface discharge,
threaded column and bowls
Oil-lubricated,
enclosed lineshaft pump,
underground discharge,
flanged column and bowls
(1) Settling, seasoning, or springing of the foundation and
pipe strains distorting or shifting the machine
(2) Wearing of the bearings
(3) Springing of the base plate by heat from an adjacent
steam pipe or from a steam turbine
(4) Shifting of the building structure due to variable loading
or other causes
(5) If the unit and foundation are new, need for the alignment to be slightly readjusted from time to time
A.7.1 Satisfactory operation of vertical turbine–type pumps is
dependent to a large extent upon careful and correct installation of the unit; therefore, it is recommended that this work
be done under the direction of a representative of the pump
manufacturer.
A.7.1.1 The vertical shaft turbine–-type pump is particularly suitable for fire pump service where the water source is
located below ground and where it would be difficult to
install any other type of pump below the minimum water
level. It was originally designed for installation in drilled
wells but is permitted to be used to lift water from lakes,
streams, open swamps, and other subsurface sources. Both
oil-lubricated enclosed-line-shaft and water-lubricated
open-line-shaft pumps are used. (See Figure A.7.1.1.) Some
health departments object to the use of oil-lubricated
pumps; such authorities should be consulted before proceeding with oil-lubricated design.
A.7.2.1.1 Stored water supplies from reservoirs or tanks supplying wet pits are preferable. Lakes, streams, and groundwater supplies are acceptable where investigation shows that they
can be expected to provide a suitable and reliable supply.
A.7.2.1.2 The authority having jurisdiction can require an
aquifer performance analysis. The history of the water table
should be carefully investigated. The number of wells already
in use in the area and the probable number that can be in use
should be considered in relation to the total amount of water
available for fire protection purposes.
A.7.2.2.1.2 The acceptability of a well is determined by a
24-hour test that flows the well at 150 percent of the pump
flow rating. This test should be reviewed by qualified personnel (usually a well drilling contractor or a person having experience in hydrology and geology). The adequacy and reliability of the water supply are critical to the successful operation of
the fire pump and fire protection system.
A 10 ft (3.05 m) submergence is considered the minimum
acceptable level to provide proper pump operation in well applications. The increase of 1 ft (0.30 m) for each 1000 ft (305 m)
increase in elevation is due to loss of atmospheric pressure that
accompanies elevation. Therefore, the net positive suction head
(NPSH) available must be considered in selection of the pump.
For example, to obtain the equivalent of 10 ft (3.05 m) of NPSH
available at an elevation of 1000 ft (305 m), approximately 11 ft
(3.35 m) of water is required.
Several other design parameters need to be considered in the
selection of a vertical turbine pump, including the following:
(1) Lineshaft lubrication when the pump is installed in a well. Bearings are required to have lubrication and are installed
along the lineshaft to maintain alignment. Lubrication
fluid is usually provided by a fluid reservoir located above-
2010 Edition
FIGURE A.7.1.1 Water-Lubricated and Oil-Lubricated Shaft
Pumps.
ground, and the fluid is supplied to each bearing by a
copper tube or small pipe. This lubrication fluid should
use a vegetable-based material that is approved by the federal Clean Water Act to minimize water contamination.
(2) Determination of the water level in the well. When a vertical turbine pump is tested, the water level in the well needs to be
known so that the suction pressure can be determined. Often the air line for determining the depth is omitted, so testing of the pump for performance is not possible. The arrangement of this device is shown in Figure A.7.3.5.3, and its
installation should be included in the system design.
A.7.2.2.2 The velocities in the approach channel or intake
pipe should not exceed approximately 2 ft/sec (0.7 m/sec),
and the velocity in the wet pit should not exceed approximately 1 ft/sec (0.3 m/sec). (See Figure A.7.2.2.2.)
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A.7.2.2.1 See Figure A.7.2.2.1.
20–73
ANNEX A
Discharge gauge
Discharge
head
Hose valves
preferably
located
outside
Screen raised
Drain valve
or ball drip
Discharge tee
Discharge
gate valve
Basket suction
strainer
(alternate
conical strainer)
Screens
Lowest standing
water level
Static water level before pumping
Draw down
Suction nozzle
High water
Rack
Column pipe
Pump bowl
assembly
Removable panel
Strainer
Bottom
of reservoir
Yard system
Pumping water level at 150 percent
of rated pump capacity
Minimum
submergence
10 ft (3.2 m)
FIGURE A.7.2.2.2 Vertical Shaft Turbine–Type Pump Installation in a Wet Pit.
Head
Note: The distance between the bottom of the strainer and the bottom
of the wet pit should be one-half of the pump bowl diameter but not less
than 12 in. (305 mm).
2
Hollow shaft
electric motor (shown);
right-angle gear for
engine drive (not shown)
Cone or
1
funnel
FIGURE A.7.2.2.1 Vertical Shaft Turbine–Type Pump Installation in a Well.
The ideal approach is a straight channel coming directly to
the pump. Turns and obstructions are detrimental because they
can cause eddy currents and tend to initiate deep-cored vortices.
The amount of submergence for successful operation will depend greatly on the approaches of the intake and the size of the
pump.
The Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps recommends sump dimensions for flows
3000 gpm (11,355 L/min) and larger. The design of sumps for
pumps with discharge capacities less than 3000 gpm (11,355 L/min)
should be guided by the same general principles shown in the
Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating
Pumps.
A.7.2.5 Where wells take their supply from consolidated formations such as rock, the specifications for the well should be decided upon by the authority having jurisdiction after consultation with a recognized groundwater consultant in the area.
A.7.2.7 Before the permanent pump is ordered, the water
from the well should be analyzed for corrosiveness, including
such items as pH, salts such as chlorides, and harmful gases
such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S). If
the water is corrosive, the pumps should be constructed of a
suitable corrosion-resistant material or covered with special
protective coatings in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations.
A.7.3.1 See Figure A.7.3.1.
A.7.3.2.1 In countries that utilize the metric system, there do
not appear to be standardized flow ratings for pump capacities; therefore, a soft metric conversion is utilized.
Pipe to
waste
1
3
Access
manhole
Top
floor
10
5
8
4
Discharge
tee
7
Service
floor
To system
9
6
Column
pipe
Installation with
relief valve
Pump bowl
assembly
Sump
Automatic air release
Discharge gauge
Reducing discharge tee
Discharge check valve
Relief valve (if required)
1
9
4
3
Installation
without relief valve
Strainer
1
2
3
4
5
10
6
7
8
9
10
Discharge pipe
Drain valve or ball drip
Hose valve manifold with hose valves
Pipe supports
Indicating gate or indicating butterfly
valve
FIGURE A.7.3.1 Belowground Discharge Arrangement.
A.7.3.5.3 Water level detection using the air line method is as
follows:
(1) A satisfactory method of determining the water level
involves the use of an air line of small pipe or tubing of
known vertical length, a pressure or depth gauge, and
an ordinary bicycle or automobile pump installed as
shown in Figure A.7.3.5.3. The air line pipe should be
of known length and extend beyond the lowest anticipated water level in the well, to ensure more reliable
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Hollow
shaft
electric
motor
Hose connection gate valve
Relief valve
Air release
Discharge
valve
check
valve
20–74
gauge readings, and should be properly installed. An
air pressure gauge is used to indicate the pressure in
the air line. (See Figure A.7.3.5.3.)
(2) The air line pipe is lowered into the well, a tee is placed in
the line above the ground, and a pressure gauge is
screwed into one connection. The other connection is
fitted with an ordinary bicycle valve to which a bicycle
pump is attached. All joints should be made carefully and
should be airtight to obtain correct information. When
air is forced into the line by means of the bicycle pump,
the gauge pressure increases until all of the water has
been expelled. When this point is reached, the gauge
reading becomes constant. The maximum maintained air
pressure recorded by the gauge is equivalent to that necessary to support a column of water of the same height as
that forced out of the air line. The length of this water
column is equal to the amount of air line submerged.
(3) Deducting this pressure converted to feet (meters) (pressure in psi × 2.31 = pressure in feet, and pressure in bar
× 10.3 = pressure in meters) from the known length of the
air line will give the amount of submergence.
Example: The following calculation will serve to clarify Figure A.7.3.5.3.
Assume a length (L) of 50 ft (15.2 m).
Pressure gauge
Air pump
B
D
L*
A
C
Approximately 2 in. (50 mm) above
strainer flange to keep clear from
water flow in pump
*Must be known.
FIGURE A.7.3.5.3 Air Line Method of Determining Depth of
Water Level.
2010 Edition
(1) D − B = 31.5 ft − 26.9 ft = 4.6 ft (9.6 m − 8.2 m = 1.4 m)
(2) A − C = 23.1 ft − 18.5 ft = 4.6 ft (7.0 m − 5.6 m = 1.4 m)
(3) p1 − p2 = 10 − 8 = 2 psi = 2 × 2.31 = 4.6 ft (0.68 − 0.55 =
0.13 bar = 0.13 × 10.3 = 1.4 m)
A.7.4 Several methods of installing a vertical pump can be
followed, depending upon the location of the well and facilities available. Since most of the unit is underground, extreme
care should be used in assembly and installation, thoroughly
checking the work as it progresses. The following simple
method is the most common:
(1) Construct a tripod or portable derrick and use two sets of
installing clamps over the open well or pump house. After
the derrick is in place, the alignment should be checked
carefully with the well or wet pit to avoid any trouble when
setting the pump.
(2) Attach the set of clamps to the suction pipe on which the
strainer has already been placed and lower the pipe into
the well until the clamps rest on a block beside the well
casing or on the pump foundation.
(3) Attach the clamps to the pump stage assembly, bring the
assembly over the well, and install pump stages to the suction pipe, until each piece has been installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
A.7.6.1.1 The setting of the impellers should be undertaken
only by a representative of the pump manufacturer. Improper
setting will cause excessive friction loss due to the rubbing of
impellers on pump seals, which results in an increase in power
demand. If the impellers are adjusted too high, there will be a
loss in capacity, and full capacity is vital for fire pump service. The
top shaft nut should be locked or pinned after proper setting.
A.7.6.1.4 Pumping units are checked at the factory for
smoothness of performance and should operate satisfactorily
on the job. If excessive vibration is present, the following conditions could be causing the trouble:
Draw down
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The pressure gauge reading before starting the fire pump
(p1) = 10 psi (0.68 bar). Then A = 10 × 2.31 = 23.1 ft (0.68 × 10.3 =
7.0 m). Therefore, the water level in the well before starting the
pump would be B = L−A = 50 ft − 23.1 ft = 26.9 ft (B = L − A =
15.2 m − 7 m = 8.2 m).
The pressure gauge reading when pump is running (p2) =
8 psi (0.55 bar). Then C = 8 × 2.31 = 18.5 ft (0.55 × 10.3 = 5.6 m).
Therefore, the water level in the well when the pump is running
would be D = L − C = 50 ft − 18.5 ft = 31.5 ft (D = L − C = 15.2 m −
5.6 m = 9.6 m).
The draw down can be determined by any of the following
methods:
(1) Bent pump or column shaft
(2) Impellers not properly set within the pump bowls
(3) Pump not hanging freely in the well
(4) Strain transmitted through the discharge piping
Excessive motor temperature is generally caused either by
a maintained low voltage of the electric service or by improper
setting of impellers within the pump bowls.
A.8.1 All the requirements in Chapter 4 might not apply to
positive displacement pumps.
A.8.1.2 Special attention to the pump inlet piping size and
length should be noted.
A.8.1.2.2 This material describes a sample pump characteristic curve and gives an example of pump selection methods.
Characteristic performance curves should be in accordance
with HI 3.6, Rotary Pump Tests.
ANNEX A
70
65
60
55
50
45 (46 gpm)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
250
rpm- 1
225
rpm- 2
175
150
rpm- 3
Motor horsepower (hp) required
125
100
rpm- 4
75
rpm- 1
12
16
rpm- 2
14
10
(13.1 hp)
rpm- 3
10
rpm- 4
8
6
8
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
25
50
0
75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Differential pressure (psi)
*Conforms to requirements of Chapter 8 on positive displacement foam
concentrate and additive pumps.
FIGURE A.8.1.2.2 Example of Positive Displacement Pump
Selection.
A.8.3.1 It is not the intent of this standard to prohibit the use
of stationary pumps for water mist systems.
A.8.4.2 Positive displacement pumps are capable of quickly exceeding their maximum design discharge pressure if operated
against a closed discharge system. Other forms of protective devices (e.g., automatic shutdowns, rupture discs) are considered a
part of the pumping system and are generally beyond the scope
of the pump manufacturer’s supply. These components should
be safely designed into and supplied by the system designer
and/or by the user. (See Figure A.8.4.2 for proposed schematic layout of
pump requirements.)
A.8.4.3 Only the return to source and external styles should
be used when the outlet line can be closed for more than a few
minutes. Operation of a pump with an integral relief valve and
a closed outlet line will cause overheating of the pump and a
foamy discharge of fluid after the outlet line is reopened.
A.8.4.4 Backpressure on the discharge side of the pressure relief valve should be considered. (See Figure A.8.4.4 for proposed schematic layout of pump requirement.)
A.8.5.1 Positive displacement pumps are typically driven by
electric motors, internal combustion engines, or water motors.
14
18
A.8.2.6 Generally, concentrate pump discharge pressure is
required to be added to the maximum water pressure at the
injection point plus 25 psi (2 bar).
A.8.4.5 Strainer recommended mesh size is based on the internal pump tolerances. (See Figure A.8.4.5 for standard mesh sizes.)
50
20
12
L/min
200
kW required
Capacity (gpm)
Example Pump Company
Pump Model: XYZ-987
UL listed for capacity range of 20 gpm to 60 gpm*
A.8.2.5 Generally, pump capacity is calculated by multiplying
the maximum water flow by the percentage of concentration
desired. To that product is added a 10 percent “over demand”
to ensure that adequate pump capacity is available under all
conditions.
A.8.1.5 Positive displacement pumps are tolerance dependent. Corrosion can affect pump performance and function.
(See HI 3.5, Standard for Rotary Pumps for Nomenclature, Design,
Application and Operation.)
A.8.2.2 Specific flow rates should be determined by the
applicable NFPA standard. Viscose concentrates and additives have significant pipe friction loss from the supply tank
to the pump suction.
A.8.2.4 This requirement does not apply to water mist pumps.
A.8.6 These controllers can incorporate means to permit automatic unloading or pressure relief when starting the pump
driver.
A.9.1.4 Where the power supply involves an on-site power
production facility, the protection is required for the facility in
addition to the wiring and equipment.
A.9.1.7 Phase converters that take single-phase power and
convert it to three-phase power for the use of fire pump motors are not recommended because of the imbalance in the
voltage between the phases when there is no load on the
equipment. If the power utility installs phase converters in its
own power transmission lines, such phase converters are outside the scope of this standard and need to be evaluated by the
authority having jurisdiction to determine the reliability of the
electric supply.
A.9.2.3.1(3) The disconnecting means should be located
such that inadvertent simultaneous operation is not likely.
A.9.2.3.1(4) The disconnecting means should be located
such that inadvertent simultaneous operation is not likely.
A.9.3.2 A reliable power source possesses the following characteristics:
(1) The source power plant has not experienced any shutdowns
longer than 4 continuous hours in the year prior to plan
submittal. NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and
Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, requires special undertakings (i.e., fire watches) when a water-based fire
protection system is taken out of service for longer than
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Example: An engineer is designing a foam-water fire protection system. It has been determined, after application of appropriate safety factors, that the system needs a foam concentrate
pump capable of 45 gpm at the maximum system pressure of
230 psi. Using the performance curve (see Figure A.8.1.2.2) for
pump model “XYZ-987,” this pump is selected for the application. First, find 230 psi on the horizontal axis labeled “Differential pressure,” then proceed vertically to the flow curve to 45 gpm.
It is noted that this particular pump produces 46 gpm at a standard motor speed designated “rpm-2.” This pump is an excellent
fit for the application. Next, proceed to the power curve for the
same speed of rpm-2 at 230 psi and find that it requires 13.1 hp to
drive the pump. An electric motor will be used for this application, so a 15 hp motor at rpm-2 is the first available motor rating
above this minimum requirement.
20–75
20–76
Foam flow test loop
Acceptable method to return relief valve flow
Sight glass
3 ¹⁄₂ in. (89 mm) discharge gauge
Foam tank
Orifice plate test device
Pressure relief valve
Test isolation valve
Pump suction port
3¹⁄₂ in. (89 mm)
compound suction
gauge
OS&Y discharge
isolation gate valve
To foam
system
Pipe tee
Check valve
OS&Y suction isolation
gate valve
Pump discharge port
Suction strainer
10 pipe diameters minimum
FIGURE A.8.4.2 Typical Foam Pump Piping and Fittings.
Flow test loop
Acceptable method to return relief valve flow
*
Orifice plate test device
* Acceptable to
plumb to drain,
pump suction,
or supply
Sight glass
Test isolation valve
Pressure relief valve
3¹⁄₂ in. (89 mm)
discharge gauge
Pump suction port
OS&Y discharge
isolation gate valve
To water
mist system
*
3¹⁄₂ in. (89 mm) compound
suction gauge
Check valve
Pipe tee
OS&Y suction isolation
gate valve
Pump discharge port
From
supply
Suction strainer
10 pipe diameters minimum
FIGURE A.8.4.4 Typical Water Mist System Pump Piping and Fittings.
4 hours. If the normal source power plant has been intentionally shut down for longer than 4 hours in the past, it is
reasonable to require a backup source of power.
(2) No power outages have been experienced in the area of
the protected facility caused by failures in the power grid
that were not due to natural disasters or electric grid management failure. The standard does not require that the
normal source of power is infallible. NFPA 20 does not
intend to require a back-up source of power for every installation using an electric motor–driven fire pump.
Should the normal source of power fail due to a natural
disaster (hurricane) or due to a problem with electric grid
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management (regional blackout), the fire protection system could be supplied through the fire department connection. However, if the power grid is known to have had
problems in the past (i.e., switch failures or animals shorting a substation), it is reasonable to require a backup
source of power.
(3) The normal source of power is not supplied by overhead
conductors outside the protected facility. Fire departments
responding to an incident at the protected facility will not
operate aerial apparatus near live overhead power lines,
without exception. A backup source of power is required in
case this scenario occurs and the normal source of power
20–77
ANNEX A
Arrangement A
40
60
80
100
Opening (in.)
0.034
0.015
0.0092
0.007
0.0055
Opening (µ)
860
380
230
190
140
Typical methods of routing power from the source to the motor are shown in Figure A.9.3.2. Other configurations are also
acceptable. The determination of the reliability of a service is left
up to the discretion of the authority having jurisdiction.
A.9.4 Normally, conductor sizing is based on appropriate sections of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 430, except
larger sizes could be required to meet the requirements of
NFPA 70, Section 695.7 (NFPA 20, Section 9.4). Transformer
sizing is to be in accordance with NFPA 70, Section 695.5(a),
except larger minimum sizes could be required to meet the
requirements of NFPA 70, Section 695.7.
A.9.5.1.5 The locked rotor currents for 460 V motors are approximately six times the full-load current.
A.9.6.2 Where a generator is installed to supply power to
loads in addition to one or more fire pump drivers, the fuel
supply should be sized to provide adequate fuel for all connected loads for the desired duration. The connected loads
can include such loads as emergency lighting, exit signage,
and elevators.
A.9.6.5 Generator protective devices are to be sized to permit
the generator to allow instantaneous pickup of the full pump
room load. This includes starting any and all connected fire
pumps in the across-the-line (direct on line) full voltage starting
mode. This is always the case when the fire pump(s) is started by
use of the emergency-run mechanical control in 10.5.3.2.
A.9.7(2) See also 10.3.3.
A.9.7(3) See 10.1.2.1, controller short circuit (withstand)
rating.
A.9.8.1 Cutting slots or rectangular cutouts in a fire pump
controller will violate the enclosure type rating and the controller’s short circuit (withstand) rating and will void the
Service conductors
(see NFPA 70, Article 230)
Service conductors
(see NFPA 70, Article 230)
FIGURE A.8.4.5 Standard Mesh Sizes.
must be shut off. Additionally, many utility providers will remove power to the protected facility by physically cutting the
overhead conductors. If the normal source of power is provided by overhead conductors, which will not be identified,
the utility provider could mistakenly cut the overhead conductor supplying the fire pump.
(4) Only the disconnect switches and overcurrent protection devices permitted by 9.2.3 are installed in the normal source of
power. Power disconnection and activated overcurrent protection should only occur in the fire pump controller. The
provisions of 9.2.2 for the disconnect switch and overcurrent
protection essentially require disconnection and overcurrent protection to occur in the fire pump controller. If unanticipated disconnect switches or overcurrent protection
devices are installed in the normal source of power that do
not meet the requirements of 9.2.2, the normal source of
power must be considered not reliable and a back-up source
of power is necessary.
Service at other than
fire pump motor
utilization voltage
Service at fire
pump motor
utilization
voltage
Feeder
conductors
[see NFPA 70,
Section
695.6(C)(1)]
*
To other
service switches
and plant loads
Transformer
(see NFPA 70,
Section 695.5)
Overcurrent
protection per
NFPA 70,
Article 240
To fire
pump
auxiliary
loads
(optional)
*
To fire pump auxiliary
loads (optional)
Fire
pump
controller
M
M
*Service equipment
[see 9.2.2(5)
and NFPA 70,
Section 695.5(B)]
Feeder
conductors
[see NFPA 70,
Section
695.6(C)(2)]
Branch circuit
conductors
[see NFPA 70,
Section 695.6(C)(2)]
Fire
pump
controller
M
Motor
*Circuit breakers or fusible switches can be used.
FIGURE A.9.3.2 Typical Power Supply Arrangements from
Source to Motor.
manufacturer’s warranty. See also NFPA 70, National Electrical
Code, Articles 300.20 and 322, for example, for further information.
A.9.8.2 When so required, this seal is to prevent flammable
gases from entering the fire pump controller.
A.10.1.2.2 The phrase suitable for use means that the controller and the transfer switch have been prototype tested and
have demonstrated by those tests their short-circuit withstandability and interrupting capacity at the stated magnitude of
short-circuit current and voltage available at their line terminals. (See ANSI/UL 508, Standard for Safety Industrial Control
Equipment, and ANSI/UL 1008, Standard for Safety Automatic
Transfer Switches.)
A short-circuit study should be made to establish the
available short-circuit current at the controller in accordance with IEEE 141, Electric Power Distribution for Industrial
Plants, IEEE 241, Electric Systems for Commercial Buildings, or
other acceptable methods.
After the controller and transfer switch have been subjected to a high fault current, they might not be suitable for
further use without inspection or repair. (See NEMA ICS 2.2,
Maintenance of Motor Controllers After a Fault Condition.)
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20
Mesh
Arrangement B
A.10.1.3 All electrical control equipment design should also
follow the guidelines within NEMA ICS 14, Application Guide
for Electric Pump Controllers.
A.10.2.1 If the controller must be located outside the pump
room, a glazed opening should be provided in the pump room
wall for observation of the motor and pump during starting. The
pressure control pipe line should be protected against freezing
and mechanical injury.
A.10.3.3.1 For more information, see NEMA 250, Enclosures
for Electrical Equipment.
A.10.3.6 For more information, see NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.
A.10.3.7.3 Pump operators should be familiar with instructions provided for controllers and should observe in detail all
their recommendations.
A.10.4.1 Operation of the surge arrester should not cause either the isolating switch or the circuit breaker to open. Arresters
in ANSI/IEEE C62.11, IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters
for AC Power Circuits, are normally zinc-oxide without gaps.
A.10.4.2.1.2 For more information, see NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code.
A.10.4.2.3 For more information, see NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.
A.10.4.3.1 For more information, see NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 100.
A.10.4.3.3 Attention should be given to the type of service
grounding to establish circuit breaker interrupting rating based
on grounding type employed.
A.10.4.3.3.1(4) The interrupting rating can be less than the
suitability rating where other devices within the controller assist in the current-interrupting process.
A.10.4.3.3.2 Current limiters are melting link-type devices that,
where used as an integral part of a circuit breaker, limit the current during a short circuit to within the interrupting capacity of
the circuit breaker.
A.10.4.4(3) It is recommended that the locked rotor overcurrent device not be reset more than two consecutive times if
tripped due to a locked rotor condition without the motor first
being inspected for excessive heating and to alleviate or eliminate the cause preventing the motor from attaining proper
speed.
A.10.4.5.7 The signal should incorporate local visible indication and contacts for remote indication. The signal can be
incorporated as part of the power available indication and loss
of phase signal. (See 10.4.6.1 and 10.4.7.2.2.)
A.10.4.6 The pilot lamp for signal service should have operating voltage less than the rated voltage of the lamp to ensure
long operating life. When necessary, a suitable resistor or potential transformer should be used to reduce the voltage for
operating the lamp.
A.10.4.7 Where unusual conditions exist whereby pump operation is not certain, a “failed-to-operate” fire pump alarm is
recommended. In order to supervise the power source for the
fire pump alarm circuit, the controller can be arranged to
start upon failure of the supervised alarm circuit power.
A.10.5.1 The following definitions are derived from NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code:
2010 Edition
(1) Automatic. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when
actuated by some impersonal influence, as, for example, a
change in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration.
(2) Nonautomatic. Action requiring intervention for its control.
As applied to an electric controller, nonautomatic control
does not necessarily imply a manual controller, but only that
personal intervention is necessary.
A.10.5.2.1 Installation of the pressure-sensing line between
the discharge check valve and the control valve is necessary to
facilitate isolation of the jockey pump controller (and sensing
line) for maintenance without having to drain the entire system. [See Figure A.4.30(a) and Figure A.4.30(b).]
A.10.5.2.1.7.2 The pressure recorder should be able to record a
pressure at least 150 percent of the pump discharge pressure
under no-flow conditions. In a high-rise building, this requirement can exceed 400 psi (27.6 bar). This pressure recorder
should be readable without opening the fire pump controller
enclosure. This requirement does not mandate a separate recording device for each controller. A single multichannel recording device can serve multiple sensors.
A.10.5.3.2 The emergency-run mechanical control provides
means for externally and manually closing the motor contactor across-the-line to start and run the fire pump motor. It is
intended for emergency use when normal electric/magnetic
operation of the contactor is not possible.
When so used on controllers designed for reduced-voltage
starting, the 15 percent voltage drop limitation in Section 9.4
is not applicable.
A.10.7 The use of limited service controllers for fire service is
permitted for special situations where acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction. NFPA 20 permits limited service controllers
(LSCs) to have no isolating switch and use thermally responsive
overcurrent protective devices that limit their application. These
compromises have introduced the following:
(1) The controller circuit breaker can trip if the fire is near
(cannot be reset because the breaker is hot, even when
the manual/emergency handle is used).
(2) The reset time is substantially longer if the breaker trips
due to distressed pump, and so forth. Tripping consistency and reset times are compromised on “hot-starts.”
(3) The down time is substantially longer (no fire protection)
if the breaker needs service/replacement due to no isolating switch. Most LSCs are suitable for use as service equipment (SUSE rated) and are so used.
(4) Sizing of breakers is different and can significantly exceed
the 8 seconds to 20 seconds locked rotor current (LRC)
trip time of a full-service fire pump controller depending
on hot or cold starts.
A.10.8 Typical fire pump controller and transfer switch arrangements are shown in Figure A.10.8. Other configurations
can also be acceptable.
A.10.8.2 The compartmentalization or separation is to prevent propagation of a fault in one compartment to the source
in the other compartment.
A.10.10 See Figure A.10.10.
A.10.10.3 The bypass path constitutes all of the characteristics of a non-variable speed fire pump controller.
A.10.10.3.1 The bypass contactor should be energized only
when there is a pump demand to run and the variable speed
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20–78
20–79
ANNEX A
Normal
source
Normal Alternate
source source
Power source
Section 9.2
Alternate
See 9.6.5 source
*
G
*
10.4.2
Isolating
switch
*
To other
generator
loads
See
10.8.2.1.2
E
N
Transfer
switch
See
10.8.2.1.3
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
N
Circuit
breaker
10.4.5
(bypass)
See
10.8.2.2
E
Phase loss/
phase
reversal
monitoring
point
BP
Mechanical/electrical
interlock
10.10.3.3
10.10.5
Line
isolation
contractor
10.10.4
Line
reactance
10.10.6.1
10.10.6.2
Variable
speed
drive unit
10.10.1.1
Load
isolation
contractor
10.10.4
10.5.3.2
To motor
9.5.1.3
FIGURE A.10.10 Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control.
M
M
ARRANGEMENT I
ARRANGEMENT II
from exceeding the motor insulation ratings, the motor manufacturer’s recommended cable lengths must be followed.
A.10.10.10.1 This allows for field adjustments to reduce hunting, excessive overshooting, or oscillating.
*Circuit breakers or fusible switches can be used.
M
Motor
E Emergency
A.11.1.3 The compression ignition diesel engine has proved
to be the most dependable of the internal combustion engines
for driving fire pumps.
G Generator
N Normal
FIGURE A.10.8 Typical Fire Pump Controller and Transfer
Switch Arrangements.
A.11.2.2.2 For more information, see SAE J-1349, Engine Power
Test Code — Spark Ignition and Compression Engine. The 4-hour
minimum power requirement in NFPA 20 has been tested and
witnessed during the engine listing process.
pressure limiting control or variable speed suction limiting
control is in the fault condition.
A.11.2.2.4 See Figure A.11.2.2.4.
A.10.10.3.1.2 Variable speed drive units (VSDs) should have a
positive means of indicating that the drive is operational within a
few seconds after power application. If the VSD fails, there is no
need to wait for the low pressure bypass time of 10.10.3.1.1.
10.4.3
10.4.4
Circuit
protection
A.10.10.3.1.3 A motor running at a reduced frequency cannot be connected immediately to a source at line frequency
without creating high transient currents that can cause tripping of the fire pump circuit breaker. It is also important to
take extra care not to connect (back feed) line frequency
power to the VSD since this will damage the VSD, and, more
importantly, can cause the fire pump circuit breaker to trip,
which takes the pump out of service.
A.10.10.5 The intent is to prevent tripping of the fire pump
controller circuit-breaker due to a variable speed drive failure
and thus maintain the integrity of the bypass circuit.
A.10.10.6.3 As the motor cable length between the controller
and motor increases, the VSD high frequency switching voltage
transients at the motor will increase. To prevent the transients
•
A.11.2.2.5 Pump room temperature rise should be considered when determining the maximum ambient temperature
specified. (See Figure A.11.2.2.5.)
A.11.2.4.2 Traditionally, engines have been built with mechanical devices to control the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber. To comply with requirements for reduced
exhaust emissions, many engine manufacturers have incorporated electronics to control the fuel injection process, thus
eliminating levers and linkages. Many of the mechanically
controlled engines are no longer manufactured.
A.11.2.4.2.4 ECMs can be designed by engine manufacturers
to monitor various aspects of engine performance. A stressed
engine condition (such as high cooling water temperature) is
usually monitored by the ECM and is built into the ECM control logic to reduce the horsepower output of the engine, thus
providing a safeguard for the engine. Such engine safeguards
are not permitted for ECMs in fire pump engine applications.
A.11.2.6.1.1 A harness on the enclosure will ensure ready wiring in the field between the two sets of terminals.
2010 Edition
1.02
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.70
0.68
A.11.2.7.2.1.5 The 72-hour requirement is intended to apply
when batteries are new. Some degradation is expected as batteries age.
A.11.2.7.2.2 Manual mechanical operation of the main battery contactor will bypass all of the control circuit wiring
within the controller.
300 ft
(91.4 m)
Derate factor (CA)
20–80
A.11.2.7.2.4 Location at the side of and level with the engine is
recommended to minimize lead length from battery to starter.
A.11.2.7.4.4 Automatic maintenance of air pressure is preferable.
0
(0)
2000
4000
6000
8000
(610) (1219) (1829) (2438)
Elevation above sea level, ft (m)
10,000
(3048)
Note: The correction equation is as follows:
Corrected engine horsepower = (CA + CT – 1) × listed engine horsepower
where:
A.11.2.8.5 See Figure A.11.2.8.5. Water supplied for cooling
the heat exchanger is sometimes circulated directly through
water-jacketed exhaust manifolds and/or engine aftercoolers
in addition to the heat exchangers.
A.11.2.8.5.3.7(A) See Figure A.11.2.8.5.3.7(A).
A.11.2.8.5.3.7(B) See Figure A.11.2.8.5.3.7(B).
FIGURE A.11.2.2.4 Elevation Derate Curve.
A.11.2.8.6 Where the water supply can be expected to contain foreign materials, such as wood chips, leaves, lint, and so
forth, the strainers required in 11.2.8.5 should be of the duplex filter type. Each filter (clean) element should be of sufficient filtering capacity to permit full water flow for a 3-hour
period. In addition, a duplex filter of the same size should be
installed in the bypass line. (See Figure A.11.2.8.5.)
A.11.2.6.2 Terminations should be made using insulated
ring-type compression connectors for post-type terminal
blocks. Saddle-type terminal blocks should have the wire
stripped with about 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) of bare wire showing after
insertion in the saddle, to ensure that no insulation is below
the saddle. Wires should be tugged to ensure adequate tightness of the termination.
A.11.3 The engine-driven pump can be located with an
electric-driven fire pump(s) in a pump house or pump room
that should be entirely cut off from the main structure by noncombustible construction. The fire pump house or pump
room can contain facility pumps and/or equipment as determined by the authority having jurisdiction.
Derate factor (CT)
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.89
0.88
77°F
(25°C)
CA = derate factor for elevation
CT = derate factor for temperature
65
85
75
95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205
(18.3) (23.9) (29.4) (35) (40.6)(46.1)(51.7) (57.2) (62.8)(68.3) (73.9) (79.4) (85.0) (90.6) (96.1)
Ambient air temperature at engine inlet, °F (°C)
Note: The correction equation is as follows:
Corrected engine horsepower = (CA + CT – 1) × listed engine horsepower
where:
CA = derate factor for elevation
CT = derate factor for temperature
FIGURE A.11.2.2.5 Temperature Derate Curve.
2010 Edition
20–81
ANNEX A
Pressure indicator 0–60 psi
Flexible hose
vibration dampener
Union
Indicating
manual
valves
PI
Solenoid
valve
Pressure regulator valve
S
Union
Union
BFP
Pressure
regulator
12 in.
typical
(305 mm)
Strainer
Automatic
valve
Pressure
regulator
Union
Indicating
manual
valve
Raw
water
line
BFP
Strainer
Drain
Y-strainer with drain
Air gap drain
Connect to pump outlet
Floor
Field route to pipe trench
Union
Indicating
manual
valve
Ball valve
FIGURE A.11.2.8.5.3.7(B) Backflow Preventer Arrangement.
Engine
block
Circulating
system
Pressure
gauge
Coolant
pump Filling
connection
Heat
exchanger
FIGURE A.11.2.8.5 Cooling Water Line with Bypass.
A.11.3.2 For optimum room ventilation, the air supply ventilator and air discharge should be located on opposite walls.
When calculating the maximum temperature of the pump
room, the radiated heat from the engine, the radiated heat
from the exhaust piping, and all other heat-contributing
sources should be considered.
If the pump room is to be ventilated by a power ventilator,
reliability of the power source during a fire should be considered. If the power source is unreliable, the temperature rise
calculation should assume the ventilator is not operable.
Air consumed by the engine for combustion should be considered as part of the air changes in the room.
Pump rooms with heat exchanger–cooled engines typically
require more air changes than engine air consumption can
provide. To control the temperature rise of the room, additional air flow through the room is normally required. [See
Figure A.11.3.2(a).]
Pump rooms with radiator-cooled engines could have sufficient air changes due to the radiator discharge and engine
consumption. [See Figure A.11.3.2(b).]
A.11.3.2.3 When motor-operated dampers are used in the
air supply path, they should be spring operated to the open
position and motored closed. Motor-operated dampers
should be signaled to open when or before the engine begins cranking to start.
Dampers
Air supply
ventilator
FIGURE A.11.2.8.5.3.7(A) Spring-Loaded Check Valve Arrangement.
Air
discharge
ventilator
Dampers
FIGURE A.11.3.2(a) Typical Ventilation System for a Heat
Exchanger–Cooled Diesel-Driven Pump.
2010 Edition
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Fire pump
discharge
Connect to engine
cooling water inlet
Fire
pump
20–82
Right
Wrong
3X
X
2
Air supply
ventilator
This configuration should not be
used; turbulence will not allow
adequate air flow.
FIGURE A.11.3.2.4 Typical Wind Wall.
Cold weather
recirculation duct
Thermostatically
controlled damper
Flexible
section
Air
discharge
ventilator
Dampers
Discharge
duct
Dampers
FIGURE A.11.3.2(b) Typical Ventilation System for a
Radiator-Cooled Diesel-Driven Pump.
It is necessary that the maximum air flow restriction limit
for the air supply ventilator be compatible with listed engines
to ensure adequate air flow for cooling and combustion. This
restriction typically includes louvers, bird screens, dampers,
ducts, and anything else in the air supply path between the
pump room and the outdoors.
Motor-operated dampers are recommended for the heat
exchanger–cooled engines to enhance convection circulation.
Gravity-operated dampers are recommended for use with
radiator-cooled engines to simplify their coordination with
the air flow of the fan.
Another method of designing the air supply ventilator in
lieu of dampers is to use a vent duct (with rain cap), the top of
which extends through the roof or outside wall of a pump
house and the bottom of which is approximately 6 in.
(152.4 mm) off the floor of the pump house. This passive
method reduces heat loss in the winter. Sizing of this duct
must meet the requirements of 11.3.2.1.
A.11.3.2.4 When motor-operated dampers are used in the air
discharge path, they should be spring operated to the open
position, motored closed, and signaled to open when or before the engine begins cranking to start.
Prevailing winds can work against the air discharge ventilator.
Therefore, the winds should be considered in determining the
location for the air discharge ventilator. (See Figure A.11.3.2.4 for
the recommended wind wall design.)
For heat exchanger–cooled engines, an air discharge ventilator with motor-driven dampers designed for convection circulation is preferred in lieu of a power ventilator. This arrangement requires the size of the ventilator to be larger, but
it is not dependent on a power source that might not be available during the pump operation.
2010 Edition
Wall
width = 2X
Locate on
center with
outlet
For radiator-cooled engines, gravity-operated dampers are
recommended. Louvers and motor-operated dampers are not
recommended due to the restriction to air flow they create
and the air pressure against which they must operate.
The maximum air flow restriction limit for the air discharge ventilator is necessary to be compatible with listed engines to ensure adequate air flow cooling.
A.11.4.1.2.1 Dikes are generally not necessary due to the requirement for double-wall tanks with monitoring.
A.11.4.2 The quantity 1 gal per hp (5.07 L per kW) is equivalent to 1 pint per hp (0.634 L per kW) per hour for 8 hours.
Where prompt replenishment of fuel supply is unlikely, a reserve supply should be provided along with facilities for transfer to the main tanks.
A.11.4.2.1 Where the authority having jurisdiction approves
the start of the fire pump on loss of ac power supply, provisions
should be made to accommodate the additional fuel needed
for this purpose.
A.11.4.3 Diesel fuel storage tanks preferably should be located inside the pump room or pump house, if permitted by
local regulations. Fill and vent lines in such case should be
extended to outdoors. The fill pipe can be used for a gauging
well where practical.
Research has identified nothing in NFPA 30, Flammable and
Combustible Liquids Code, or NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation
and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, that
prohibits the outlet connection to the engine from the diesel
tank from being in the location required by NFPA 20.
The applicable code is NFPA 37, not NFPA 30. The scope of
NFPA 30 clearly states that if the installation meets the criteria
in NFPA 37, then it satisfies the requirements of NFPA 30.
Therefore, NFPA 37 applies for the fuel tank for the fire
pump, as it is considered to be part of the installation of the
internal combustion engine. Subsection 6.3.2 of NFPA 37
deals with fuel tanks inside structures for fuels other than
Class I liquids. Sections 6.6, 6.7, and 6.8 of NFPA 37 deal with
filling, venting, and connections between the engine and the
fuel tank, and these sections send the reader back to NFPA 30
for the requirements. A review of the tank chapter in NFPA 30
for fixed tanks with capacity of 119 gallons or more finds no
requirement stating that the connection to the engine has to
be from the top of the tank, if the tank is on the floor on legs,
or otherwise above ground.
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
If a bend in the ducting cannot be
avoided, it should be radiused and
should include turning vanes to
prevent turbulence and
flow restriction.
X height
or width,
whichever
is greater
20–83
ANNEX A
A.11.4.4 NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning
Equipment, can be used as a guide for diesel fuel piping.
Figure A.11.4.4 shows a suggested diesel engine fuel system.
A.11.4.4.5 A means, such as covered floor trough, angle, channel steel, or other adequate protection cover(s) (mechanical or
nonmechanical), should be used on all fuel line piping “exposed
to traffic,” to prevent damage to the fuel supply and return lines
between the fuel tank and diesel driver.
A.11.4.5 The pour point and cloud point should be at least 10°F
(5.6°C) below the lowest expected fuel temperature. (See 4.12.2
and 11.4.3.)
A.11.4.5.1 Biodiesel and other alternative fuels are not recommended for diesel engines used for fire protection because
of the unknown storage life issues. It is recommended that
these engines use only petroleum fuels.
A.11.5.2 A conservative guideline is that, if the exhaust system
exceeds 15 ft (4.5 m) in length, the pipe size should be increased one pipe size larger than the engine exhaust outlet
size for each 5 ft (1.5 m) in added length.
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.11.5.2.9 Exhaust emission after treatment devices are typically dependent upon high exhaust temperature to burn away
collected materials to prevent clogging. Due to the lower exhaust temperatures produced by the engine when operating
at pump shutoff during weekly operation, there is a high possibility the after treatment device will accumulate collected
material and will not be capable of flowing the volume of exhaust in the event the engine is required to produce full rated
power for an emergency.
A.11.6 Internal combustion engines necessarily embody moving parts of such design and in such number that the engines
cannot give reliable service unless given diligent care. The manufacturer’s instruction book covering care and operation should
be readily available, and pump operators should be familiar with
its contents. All of its provisions should be observed in detail.
A.11.6.2 See NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and
Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, for proper
maintenance of engine(s), batteries, fuel supply, and environmental conditions.
A.11.6.4 Active systems that are permanently added to fuel
tanks for removing water and particulates from the fuel can be
acceptable, provided the following apply:
(1) All connections are made directly to the tank and are not
interconnected with the engine or its fuel supply and return piping in any way.
(2) There are no valves or other devices added to the engine
or its fuel supply and return piping in any way.
A.11.6.5 Proper engine temperature, per 11.2.8.2 and 11.6.5.1,
maintained through the use of a supplemental heater has many
benefits, as follows:
(1) Quick starting (a fire pump engine might have to carry a
full load as soon as it is started)
(2) Reduced engine wear
(3) Reduced drain on batteries
(4) Reduced oil dilution
(5) Reduced carbon deposits, so that the engine is far more
likely to start every time
Screened weather vent
10 ft
(3.05 m)
minimum
Installed
locally
Fill cap, outside [¹⁄₁₆ in. (1.6 mm)
mesh removable wire screen]
12 in.
(305 mm)
Fuel returna
5% volume
for expansion
Storage tank
(preferably inside
pump room)
Depth of this fuel return
line optional, according to
engine manufacturer's
specifications
(Fuel return pump
can be necessary for
some engines.)
Check
valve
Flexible
conn.
Manual cock valve,b
locked open or
central station supervised
5% volume for sump
Pitch ¹⁄₄ in. (6.4 mm) per ft
Mounted on
engine by
manufacturer
1 in. (25.4 mm) drain valve when
not subject to freezing
1 in. (25.4 mm) drain plug when
subject to freezing
Secondary
filter c
Fuel pump centerline
Fuel line
protectiona
(where needed)
Flexible
connection
Injector
Condensate
drain
Engine
Primary
filter
Fuel supply
pump
Condensate drain
aSize fuel piping according to engine manufacturer's specifications.
bExcess fuel can be returned to fuel supply pump suction, if recommended by engine manufacturer.
cSecondary filter behind or before engine fuel pump, according to engine manufacturer's specifications.
FIGURE A.11.4.4 Fuel System for Diesel Engine–Driven Fire Pump.
2010 Edition
A.12.2.1 If the controller must be located outside the pump
room, a glazed opening should be provided in the pump room
wall for observation of the motor and pump during starting. The
pressure control pipeline should be protected against freezing
and mechanical injury.
A.12.3.1.1 In areas affected by excessive moisture, heat can
be useful in reducing the dampness.
A.12.3.3.1 For more information, see NEMA 250, Enclosures
for Electrical Equipment.
A.12.3.8 Pump operators should be familiar with instructions
provided for controllers and should observe in detail all their
recommendations.
A.12.4.1.2 It is recommended that the pilot lamp for signal
service have operating voltage less than the rated voltage of
the lamp to ensure long operating life. When necessary, a suitable resistor should be used to reduce the voltage for operating the lamp.
A.12.4.1.5.2 This automatic reset function can be accomplished by the use of a silence switch of the automatic reset type
or of the self supervising type.
A.12.4.2.3(3) The following signals should be monitored remotely from the controller:
(1) A common signal can be used for the following trouble
indications: the items in 12.4.1.4(1) through 12.4.1.4(7)
and loss of output of battery charger on the load side of
the dc overcurrent protective device.
(2) If there is no other way to supervise loss of power, the
controller can be equipped with a power failure circuit,
which should be time delayed to start the engine upon
loss of current output of the battery charger.
(3) The arrangement specified in A.12.4.2.3(3)(3)(2) is only
permitted where approved by the authority having jurisdiction in accordance with Section 1.5 and allows, upon
loss of the ac power supply, the batteries to maintain their
charge, activates ventilation in case conditions require
cooling the engine, and/or maintains engine temperature in case conditions require heating the engine. (See
also A.4.6.4 and A.11.4.2.1.)
A.12.4.4 The pressure recorder should be able to record a pressure at least 150 percent of the pump discharge pressure under
no-flow conditions. In a high-rise building, this requirement can
exceed 400 psi (27.6 bar). This requirement does not mandate a
separate recording device for each controller. A single multichannel recording device can serve multiple sensors.
A.12.5 A single charger that automatically alternates from one
battery to another can be used on two battery installations.
A.12.7 The following definitions are derived from NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code:
(1) Automatic. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism
when actuated by some impersonal influence (e.g., a change
in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical
configuration).
(2) Nonautomatic. The implied action requires personal intervention for its control. As applied to an electric controller,
nonautomatic control does not necessarily imply a
manual controller, but only that personal intervention is
necessary.
2010 Edition
•
A.12.7.5.2 Manual shutdown of fire pumps is preferred. Automatic fire pump shutdown can occur during an actual fire
condition when relatively low-flow conditions signal the controller that pressure requirements have been satisfied.
A.13.1.3 Single-stage turbines of maximum reliability and
simplicity are recommended where the available steam supply
will permit.
A.13.2.1.1 The casing can be of cast iron.
Some applications can require a turbine-driven fire
pump to start automatically but not require the turbine to
be on pressure control after starting. In such cases, a satisfactory quick-opening manual reset valve installed in a bypass of the steam feeder line around a manual control valve
can be used.
Where the application requires the pump unit to start automatically and after starting continue to operate by means of
a pressure signal, the use of a satisfactory pilot-type pressure
control valve is recommended. This valve should be located in
the bypass around the manual control valve in the steam
feeder line. The turbine governor control valve, when set at
approximately 5 percent above the normal full-load speed of
the pump under automatic control, would act as a preemergency control.
In the arrangements set forth in the two preceding paragraphs, the automatic valve should be located in the bypass
around the manual control valve, which would normally be
kept in the closed position. In the event of failure of the automatic valve, this manual valve could be opened, allowing the
turbine to come to speed and be controlled by the turbine
governor control valve(s).
The use of a direct acting pressure regulator operating on
the control valve(s) of a steam turbine is not recommended.
A.13.3 The following information should be taken into consideration when planning a steam supply, exhaust, and boiler
feed for a steam turbine–driven fire pump.
The steam supply for the fire pump should preferably be
an independent line from the boilers. It should be run so as
not to be liable to damage in case of fire in any part of the
property. The other steam lines from the boilers should be
controlled by valves located in the boiler room. In an emergency, steam can be promptly shut off from these lines, leaving the steam supply entirely available for the fire pump.
Strainers in steam lines to turbines are recommended.
The steam throttle at the pump should close against the
steam pressure. It should preferably be of the globe pattern
with a solid disc. If, however, the valve used has a removable
composition ring, the disc should be of bronze and the ring
made of sufficiently hard and durable material, and so held
in place in the disc as to satisfactorily meet severe service
conditions. Gate valves are undesirable for this service because they cannot readily be made leaktight, as is possible
with the globe type of valve. The steam piping should be so
arranged and trapped that the pipes can be kept free of
condensed steam.
In general, a pressure-reducing valve should not be
placed in the steam pipe supplying the fire pump. There is
no difficulty in designing turbines for modern highpressure steam, and this gives the simplest and most dependable unit. A pressure-reducing valve introduces a possible obstruction in the steam line in case it becomes
deranged. In most cases, the turbines can be protected by
making the safety valve required by 13.2.1.2 of such size that
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20–84
ANNEX A
the pressure in the casing will not exceed 25 psi (1.7 bar).
This valve should be piped outside of the pump room and,
if possible, to some point where the discharge could be seen
by the pump attendant. Where a pressure-reducing valve is
used, the following points should be carefully considered:
(1) Pressure-Reducing Valve.
(a) The pressure-reducing valve should not contain a
stuffing box or a piston working in a cylinder.
(b) The pressure-reducing valve should be provided with a
bypass containing a globe valve to be opened in case of
an emergency. The bypass and stop valves should be one
pipe size smaller than the reducing valve, and they
should be located so as to be readily accessible. This
bypass should be arranged to prevent the accumulation
of condensate above the reducing valve.
(c) The pressure-reducing valve should be smaller than
the steam pipe required by the specifications for the
turbine.
(2) Exhaust Pipe. The exhaust pipe should run directly to the
atmosphere and should not contain valves of any type. It
should not be connected with any condenser, heater, or
other system of exhaust piping.
(3) Emergency Boiler Feed. A convenient method of ensuring a
supply of steam for the fire pump unit, in case the usual
boiler feed fails, is to provide an emergency connection
from the discharge of the fire pump. This connection
should have a controlling valve at the fire pump and also, if
desired, an additional valve located in the boiler room. A
check valve also should be located in this connection, preferably in the boiler room. This emergency connection
should be about 2 in. (50 mm) in diameter.
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This method should not be used when there is any danger of contaminating a potable water supply. In situations
where the fire pump is handling salt or brackish water, it
might also be undesirable to make this emergency boiler
feed connection. In such situations, an effort should be
made to secure some other secondary boiler feed supply
that will always be available.
A.14.1.3 See Figure A.14.1.3(a) for a sample of a contractor’s
material and test certificate for fire pumps and Figure A.14.1.3(b)
for a sample certificate for private fire service mains.
A.14.2.2 In addition, representatives of the installing contractor and owner should be present.
A.14.2.4 If a complete fire pump submittal package is available,
it should provide for comparison of the equipment specified.
Such a package should include an approved copy of the fire
pump room general arrangement drawings, including the electrical layout, the layout of the pump and water source, the layout
of the pump room drainage details, the pump foundation layout,
and the mechanical layout for heat and ventilation.
A.14.2.5 The fire pump operation is as follows:
(1) Motor-Driven Pump. To start a motor-driven pump, the following steps should be taken in the following order:
(a) See that pump is completely primed.
(b) Close isolating switch and then close circuit breaker.
(c) Automatic controller will start pump if system demand
is not satisfied (e.g., pressure low, deluge tripped).
(d) For manual operation, activate switch, pushbutton, or
manual start handle. Circuit breaker tripping mechanism should be set so that it will not operate when current in circuit is excessively large.
20–85
(2) Steam-Driven Pump. A steam turbine driving a fire pump
should always be kept warmed up to permit instant operation at full-rated speed. The automatic starting of
the turbine should not be dependent on any manual
valve operation or period of low-speed operation. If the
pop safety valve on the casing blows, steam should be
shut off and the exhaust piping examined for a possible
closed valve or an obstructed portion of piping. Steam
turbines are provided with governors to maintain speed
at a predetermined point, with some adjustment for
higher or lower speeds. Desired speeds below this
range can be obtained by throttling the main throttle
valve.
(3) Diesel Engine–Driven Pump. To start a diesel engine–driven
pump, the operator should be familiar beforehand with
the operation of this type of equipment. The instruction
books issued by the engine and control manufacturer
should be studied to this end. The storage batteries
should always be maintained in good order to ensure
prompt, satisfactory operation of this equipment (i.e.,
check electrolyte level and specific gravity, inspect cable
conditions, corrosion, etc.).
(4) Fire Pump Settings. The fire pump system, when started by
pressure drop, should be arranged as follows:
(a) The jockey pump stop point should equal the
pump churn pressure plus the minimum static supply pressure.
(b) The jockey pump start point should be at least 10 psi
(0.68 bar) less than the jockey pump stop point.
(c) The fire pump start point should be 5 psi (0.34 bar) less
than the jockey pump start point. Use 10 psi (0.68 bar)
increments for each additional pump.
(d) Where minimum run times are provided, the pump will
continue to operate after attaining these pressures. The
final pressures should not exceed the pressure rating of
the system.
(e) Where the operating differential of pressure
switches does not permit these settings, the settings
should be as close as equipment will permit. The
settings should be established by pressures observed on test gauges.
(f) Examples of fire pump settings follow (for SI units,
1 psi = 0.0689 bar):
i. Pump: 1000 gpm, 100 psi pump with churn
pressure of 115 psi
ii. Suction supply: 50 psi from city — minimum
static; 60 psi from city — maximum static
iii. Jockey pump stop = 115 psi + 50 psi = 165 psi
iv. Jockey pump start = 165 psi − 10 psi = 155 psi
v. Fire pump stop = 115 psi + 50 psi = 165 psi
vi. Fire pump start = 155 psi − 5 psi = 150 psi
vii. Fire pump maximum churn = 115 psi + 60 psi =
175 psi
(g) Where minimum-run timers are provided, the pumps
will continue to operate at churn pressure beyond the
stop setting. The final pressures should not exceed
the pressure rating of the system components.
(5) Automatic Recorder. The performance of all fire pumps
should be automatically indicated on a pressure recorder
to provide a record of pump operation and assistance in
fire loss investigation.
2010 Edition
20–86
Contractor's Material and Test Certificate for Fire Pump Systems
PROCEDURE Upon completion of work, inspection and tests shall be made by the contractor's representative and witnessed by an
owner's representative. All defects shall be corrected and system left in service before contractor's personnel finally leave the job.
A certificate shall be filled out and signed by both representatives. Copies shall be prepared for approving authorities, owners, and
contractor. It is understood the owner's representative's signature in no way prejudices any claim against contractor for faulty material, poor
workmanship, or failure to comply with approving authority's requirements or local ordinances.
DATE
PROPERTY NAME
PROPERTY ADDRESS
ACCEPTED BY APPROVING AUTHORITIES (NAMES)
ADDRESS
PLANS
INSTALLATION CONFORMS TO ACCEPTED PLANS
YES
NO
ALL EQUIPMENT USED IS APPROVED FOR FIRE SYSTEM SERVICE
IF NO, STATE DEVIATIONS
YES
NO
HAS PERSON IN CHARGE OF FIRE PUMP EQUIPMENT BEEN INSTRUCTED AS
TO LOCATION OF SYSTEM CONTROL VALVES AND CARE AND MAINTENANCE
OF THIS NEW EQUIPMENT?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
HAVE COPIES OF APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONS AND CARE AND
MAINTENANCE CHARTS BEEN LEFT ON PREMISES?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
INSTRUCTIONS
LOCATION
PUMP ROOM
EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIES BUILDING(S) (CAMPUS, WAREHOUSE, HIGH RISE)
EXPLAIN
IS THE PUMP ROOM EQUIPMENT PER THE PLANS AND SPECS?
YES
NO
IS THE FIRE PUMP PROPERLY MOUNTED AND ANCHORED TO THE FOUNDATION?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
IS THE FIRE PUMP BASE PROPERLY GROUTED?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
DOES THE PUMP ROOM HAVE THE PROPER FLOOR DRAINS?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
IS THE SUCTION AND DISCHARGE PIPING PROPERLY SUPPORTED?
YES
NO
YES
NO
IS THE PUMP ROOM HEATED AND VENTILATED PER NFPA 20?
YES
NO
STANDARD
YES
NO
STANDARD
YES
NO
PIPE TYPES AND CLASS
PIPES AND
FITTINGS
PIPE CONFORMS TO
FITTINGS CONFORM TO
IF NO, EXPLAIN
SUCTION AND DISCHARGE PIPING ANCHORED OR RESTRAINED?:
YES
NO
IS THIS A PACKAGE OR SKID MOUNTED PUMP?
YES
NO
IS THE PACKAGE/SKID PROPERLY ANCHORED TO A CONCRETE FOUNDATION?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
IS THE STRUCTURAL FOUNDATION FRAME FILLED WITH CONCRETE TO FORM A
FINISHED FLOOR?
YES
NO
IS THERE A FLOOR DRAIN INSTALLED?
YES
NO
PREPACKAGED
PUMP
HOUSE
HYDROSTATIC: Hydrostatic tests shall be made at not less than 200 psi (13.8 bar) for 2 hours or 50 psi (3.4 bar) above
static pressure in excess of 200 psi (13.8 bar) for 2 hours.
FLUSHING
TESTS
HYDROSTATIC TEST:
ALL NEW PIPING HYDROSTATICALLY TESTED AT:
NO LEAKAGE ALLOWED
PSI/BAR FOR
HOURS
FLUSHING: Flow the required rate until water is clear as indicated by no collection of foreign material in burlap bags at
outlets such as hydrants and blowoffs. Flush at flows not less than 390 gpm (1476 L/min) for 4 in. pipe, 610 gpm (2309
L/min) for 5 in. pipe, 880 gpm (3331 L/min) for 6 in. pipe, 1560 gpm (5905 L/min) for 8 in. pipe, 2440 gpm (9235 L/min)
for 10 in. pipe, and 3520 gpm (13,323 L/min) for 12 in. pipe. When supply cannot produce stipulated flow rates, obtain
maximum available.
© 2009 National Fire Protection Association
FIGURE A.14.1.3(a) Sample of Contractor’s Material Test Certificate for Fire Pump Systems.
2010 Edition
(NFPA 20, 1 of 2)
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TEST
DESCRIPTION
20–87
ANNEX A
NEW PIPING FLUSHED ACCORDING TO
BY (COMPANY)
IF NO, EXPLAIN
HOW FLUSHING FLOW WAS OBTAINED
PUBLIC WATER
TANK OR RESERVOIR
FLUSHING
TESTS
(continued)
YES
STANDARD
THROUGH WHAT TYPE OPENING
TEST HEADER
OPEN PIPE
OTHER (EXPLAIN)
LEAD-INS FLUSHED ACCORDING TO
BY (COMPANY)
IF NO, EXPLAIN
STANDARD
PUBLIC WATER
TANK OR RESERVOIR
OTHER (EXPLAIN)
YES
Y CONNECTION TO
OPEN PIPE
FLANGE & SPIGOT
ALL EQUIPMENT APPROVED?
YES
NO
YES
NO
AHJ AND OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE PRESENT FOR TEST
IF NO, EXPLAIN
ALL ELECTRICAL WIRING COMPLETE AND PER NFPA 70 AND NFPA 20
IF NO, EXPLAIN
CALIBRATE TEST EQUIPMENT USED
CALIBRATION DATE
FLOW TESTS
PUMP DESIGN
GPM
PSI
DOES THE PUMP MEET OR EXCEED THE CERTIFIED CURVE?
PUMP TYPE
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL TURBINE
PUMP MAKE
MODEL #
COMMENTS
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
OTHER
SERIAL #
YES
NO
SERIAL #
RPM
FLA
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
SYSTEM CONTROL VALVES LEFT WIDE OPEN
IF NO, STATE REASON
YES
NO
HOSE THREADS OF FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS AND HYDRANTS
INTERCHANGEABLE WITH THOSE OF FIRE DEPARTMENT ANSWERING ALARM
YES
NO
ENGINE DRIVEN
ENGINE MAKE
MODEL #
SERIAL #
HP
RPM SPEED
DIESEL DRIVER OPERATIONAL TEST SATISFACTORY?
OTHER
EXPLAIN
CONTROLLER MAKE
MODEL #
SERIAL #
VARIABLE SPEED PRESSURE LIMITING CONTROL
TESTED AT MINIMUM, RATED, AND PEAK FLOW
CONTROLLER TEST:
SIX AUTO STARTS
SIX MANUAL STARTS
PHASE REVERSAL TEST PERFORMED (ELECTRIC ONLY)
ALTERNATE POWER SOURCE TESTED (ELECTRIC ONLY)
ELECTRONIC FUEL MANAGEMENT (ECM) FUNCTION TEST PERFORMED (DIESEL ONLY)
REMARKS
NO
ALL REQUIRED REPRESENTATIVES PRESENT FOR TEST
ELECTRIC DRIVER OPERATIONAL TEST SATISFACTORY
FIELD
MODEL #
ACCEPTANCE ELEC. DRIVER
TEST
VOLTAGE
VAC @
HP
CONTROL
VALVES
NO
DATE LEFT IN SERVICE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
NAME OF INSTALLING CONTRACTOR
SIGNATURES
TESTS WITNESSED BY
FOR PROPERTY OWNER (SIGNED)
TITLE
DATE
FOR INSTALLING CONTRACTOR (SIGNED)
TITLE
DATE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND NOTES:
(NFPA 20, 2 of 2)
FIGURE A.14.1.3(a) Continued
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2010 Edition
20–88
Contractor's Material and Test Certificate for Private Fire Service Mains
PROCEDURE Upon completion of work, inspection and tests shall be made by the contractor's representative and witnessed by an
owner's representative. All defects shall be corrected and system left in service before contractor's personnel finally leave the job.
A certificate shall be filled out and signed by both representatives. Copies shall be prepared for approving authorities, owners, and
contractor. It is understood the owner's representative's signature in no way prejudices any claim against contractor for faulty material, poor
workmanship, or failure to comply with approving authority's requirements or local ordinances.
DATE
PROPERTY NAME
PROPERTY ADDRESS
ACCEPTED BY APPROVING AUTHORITIES (NAMES)
ADDRESS
PLANS
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
INSTRUCTIONS
LOCATION
INSTALLATION CONFORMS TO ACCEPTED PLANS
YES
NO
EQUIPMENT USED IS APPROVED
IF NO, STATE DEVIATIONS
YES
NO
HAS PERSON IN CHARGE OF FIRE EQUIPMENT BEEN INSTRUCTED AS
TO LOCATION OF CONTROL VALVES AND CARE AND MAINTENANCE
OF THIS NEW EQUIPMENT?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
HAVE COPIES OF APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONS AND CARE AND
MAINTENANCE CHARTS BEEN LEFT ON PREMISES?
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
SUPPLIES BUILDINGS
TYPE JOINT
PIPE TYPES AND CLASS
PIPES AND
JOINTS
PIPE CONFORMS TO
FITTINGS CONFORM TO
IF NO, EXPLAIN
STANDARD
YES
NO
STANDARD
YES
NO
BURIED JOINTS NEEDING ANCHORAGE CLAMPED,
STRAPPED, OR BLOCKED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
IF NO, EXPLAIN
YES
NO
STANDARD
FLUSHING: Flow the required rate until water is clear as indicated by no collection of foreign material in burlap bags at
outlets such as hydrants and blowoffs. Flush at flows not less than 390 gpm (1476 L/min) for 4 in. pipe, 610 gpm (2309
L/min) for 5 in. pipe, 880 gpm (3331 L/min) for 6 in. pipe, 1560 gpm (5905 L/min) for 8 in. pipe, 2440 gpm (9235 L/min)
for 10 in. pipe, and 3520 gpm (13323 L/min) for 12 in. pipe. When supply cannot produce stipulated flow rates, obtain
maximum available.
HYDROSTATIC: Hydrostatic tests shall be made at not less than 200 psi (13.8 bar) for 2 hours or 50 psi (3.4 bar) above
TEST
DESCRIPTION static pressure in excess of 150 psi (10.3 bar) for 2 hours.
LEAKAGE: New pipe laid with rubber gasketed joints shall, if the workmanship is satisfactory, have little or no leakage at
the joints. The amount of leakage at the joints shall not exceed 2 qt/hr (1.89 L/hr) per 100 joints irrespective of pipe
diameter. The amount of allowable leakage specified above can be increased by 1 fl oz per inch valve diameter per hour
(30 mL/25 mm/hr) for each metal seated valve isolating the test section. If dry barrel hydrants are tested with the main
valve open, so the hydrants are under pressure, an additional 5 oz per minute (150 mL/min) leakage is permitted for
each hydrant.
NEW PIPING FLUSHED ACCORDING TO
BY (COMPANY)
IF NO, EXPLAIN
STANDARD
FLUSHING
TESTS
PUBLIC WATER
TANK OR RESERVOIR
HYDRANT BUTT
STANDARD
FIRE PUMP
FIGURE A.14.1.3(b) Sample of Contractor’s Material and Test Certificate for Private Fire
Service Mains.
OPEN PIPE
YES
NO
Y CONNECTION TO
OPEN PIPE
FLANGE & SPIGOT
2010 Edition
NO
FIRE PUMP
LEAD-INS FLUSHED ACCORDING TO
BY (COMPANY)
IF NO, EXPLAIN
PUBLIC WATER
TANK OR RESERVOIR
YES
(NFPA 20, 1 of 2)
20–89
ANNEX A
HYDROSTATIC
TEST
ALL NEW PIPING HYDROSTATICALLY TESTED AT
PSI
FOR
TOTAL AMOUNT OF LEAKAGE MEASURED
LEAKAGE
TEST
GALLONS
YES
NO LEAKAGE ALLOWED FOR VISIBLE JOINTS
NO LEAKAGE ALLOWED FOR VISIBLE JOINTS
GALLONS
HOURS
TYPE AND MAKE
ALL OPERATE SATISFACTORILY
HYDRANTS
CONTROL
VALVES
REMARKS
NO
HOURS
ALLOWABLE LEAKAGE (BURIED)
NUMBER INSTALLED
BURIED JOINTS COVERED
HOURS
YES
NO
WATER CONTROL VALVES LEFT WIDE OPEN
IF NO, STATE REASON
YES
NO
HOSE THREADS OF FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS AND HYDRANTS
INTERCHANGEABLE WITH THOSE OF FIRE DEPARTMENT ANSWERING ALARM
YES
NO
DATE LEFT IN SERVICE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
NAME OF INSTALLING CONTRACTOR
TESTS WITNESSED BY
SIGNATURES
FOR PROPERTY OWNER (SIGNED)
TITLE
DATE
FOR INSTALLING CONTRACTOR (SIGNED)
TITLE
DATE
ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION AND NOTES
(NFPA 20, 2 of 2)
FIGURE A.14.1.3(b) Continued
A.14.2.5.1 The test equipment should be furnished by either
the authority having jurisdiction or the installing contractor
or the pump manufacturer, depending upon the prevailing
arrangements made between the aforementioned parties. The
equipment should include, but not necessarily be limited to,
the following:
(1) Equipment for Use with Test Valve Header. 50 ft (15 m) lengths
of 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) lined hose should be provided including Underwriters Laboratories’ play pipe nozzles as
needed to flow required volume of water. Where test
meter is provided, however, these might not be needed.
(2) Instrumentation. The following test instruments should be
of high quality, accurate, and in good repair:
(a) Clamp-on volt/ammeter
(b) Test gauges
(c) Tachometer
(d) Pitot tube with gauge (for use with hose and nozzle)
(3) Instrumentation Calibration. All test instrumentation should
be calibrated by an approved testing and calibration facility within the 12 months prior to the test. Calibration
documentation should be available for review by the authority having jurisdiction.
A majority of the test equipment used for acceptance
and annual testing has never been calibrated. This equipment can have errors of 15 to 30 percent in readings. The
use of uncalibrated test equipment can lead to inaccurately
reported test results.
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While it is desirable to achieve a true churn condition (no
flow) during the test for comparison to the manufacturer’s
certified pump test characteristic curve, it might not be possible in all circumstances. Pumps with circulation relief valves
will discharge a small amount of water, even when no water is
flowing into the fire protection system. The small discharge
through the circulation relief valve should not be shut off during the test since it is necessary to keep the pump from overheating. For pumps with circulation relief valves, the minimum flow condition in the test is expected to be the situation
where no water is flowing to the fire protection system but a
small flow is present through the circulation relief valve. During a test on a pump with a pressure relief valve, the pressure
relief valve should not open because these valves are installed
purely as a safety precaution to prevent overpressurization
during overspeed conditions.
Overspeed conditions should not be present during the
test, so the pressure relief valve should not open. When pressure relief valves are installed on systems to relieve pressure
under normal operating conditions, and if a true churn condition is desired during the acceptance test, the system discharge valve can be closed and the pressure relief valve can be
adjusted to eliminate the flow. The pressure readings can be
quickly noted and the pressure relief valve adjusted again to
allow flow and relief of pressure. After this one-time test, a
reference net pressure can be noted with the relief valve open
so that the relief valve can remain open during subsequent
2010 Edition
20–90
annual tests with the comparison back to the reference residual net pressure rather than the manufacturer’s curve.
A.14.2.5.2.3 Where a hose valve header is used, it should be
located where a limited [approximately 100 ft (30 m)] amount
of hose is used to discharge water safely.
Where a flow test meter is used in a closed loop according to
manufacturer’s instructions, additional outlets such as hydrants,
hose valves, and so forth should be available to determine the
accuracy of the metering device.
(1) Make a visual check of the unit. If hose and nozzles are used,
see that they are securely tied down. See that the hose valves
are closed. If a test meter is used, the valve on the discharge
side of the meter should be closed.
(2) Start the pump.
(3) Partially open one or two hose valves, or slightly open the
meter discharge valve.
(4) Check the general operation of the unit. Watch for vibration, leaks (oil or water), unusual noises, and general operation. Adjust packing glands.
(5) Measure water discharge. The steps to do so are as follows:
(a) Where a test valve header is used, regulate the discharge
by means of the hose valves and a selection of the nozzle
tips. It will be noticed that the play pipe has a removable
tip. This tip has a 11⁄8 in. (28.6 mm) nozzle, and when
the tip is removed, the play pipe has a 13⁄4 in. (44.4 mm)
nozzle. Hose valves should be shut off before removing
or putting on the 11⁄8 in. (28.6 mm) tip.
(b) Where a test meter is used, regulate the discharge
valve to achieve various flow readings.
(c) Important test points are at 150 percent rated capacity,
rated capacity, and shutoff. Intermediate points can be
taken if desired to help develop the performance curve.
(6) Record the following data at each test point (see Figure A.14.2.5.4):
(a) Pump rpm
(b) Suction pressure
(c) Discharge pressure
(d) Number and size of hose nozzles, pitot pressure for
each nozzle, and total gpm (L/min); for test meter,
simply a record of gpm (L/min)
(e) Amperes (each phase)
(f) Volts (phase to phase)
(7) Calculation of test results is as follows:
(a) Rated Speed. Determine that pump is operating at
rated rpm.
(b) Capacity. For hose valve header, using a fire stream
table, determine the gpm (L/min) for each nozzle at
each pitot reading. For example, 16 psi (1.1 bar) pitot
pressure with 13⁄4 in. (44.4 mm) nozzle indicates
364 gpm (1378 L/min). Add the gpm for each hose line
to determine total volume. For test meter, the total
gpm (L/min) is read directly.
(c) Total Head for Horizontal Pump. Total head is the sum
of the following:
i. Pressure measured by the discharge gauge at
pump discharge flange
ii. Velocity head difference, pump discharge, and
pump suction
iii. Gauge elevation corrections to pump centerline
(plus or minus)
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.14.2.5.4 The test procedure is as follows:
2010 Edition
iv. Pressure measured by suction gauge at pump
suction flange — negative value when pressure
is above zero
(d) Total Head for Vertical Pump. Total head is the sum of
the following:
i. Pressure measured by the discharge gauge at
pump discharge flange
ii. Velocity head at the discharge
iii. Distance to the supply water level
iv. Discharge gauge elevation correction to centerline of discharge
(e) Electrical Input. Voltage and amperes are read directly
from the volt/ammeter. This reading is compared to
the motor nameplate full-load amperes. The only general calculation is to determine the maximum amperes
allowed due to the motor service factor. In the case of
1.15 service factor, the maximum amperes are approximately 1.15 times motor amperes, because changes in
power factor and efficiency are not considered. If the
maximum amperes recorded on the test do not exceed
this figure, the motor and pump will be judged satisfactory. It is most important to measure voltage and amperes accurately on each phase should the maximum
amperes logged on the test exceed the calculated maximum amperes. This measurement is important because
a poor power supply with low voltage will cause a high
ampere reading. This condition can be corrected only
by improvement in the power supply. There is nothing
that can be done to the motor or the pump.
(f) Correction to Rated Speed. For purposes of plotting, the
capacity, head, and power should be corrected from the
test values at test speed to the rated speed of the pump.
The corrections are made as follows.
Capacity:
⎛N ⎞
Q 2 = ⎜ 2 ⎟Q 1
⎝ N1 ⎠
where:
Q 1 = capacity at test speed in gpm (L/min)
Q 2 = capacity at rated speed in gpm (L/min)
N 1 = test speed in rpm
N 2 = rated speed in rpm
Head:
2
⎛N ⎞
H 2 = ⎜ 2 ⎟ H1
⎝ N1 ⎠
where:
H 1 = head at test speed in ft (m)
H 2 = head at rated speed in ft (m)
Horsepower:
3
⎛N ⎞
hp2 = ⎜ 2 ⎟ hp1
⎝ N1 ⎠
where:
hp 1 = kW (horsepower) at test speed
hp 2 = kW (horsepower) at rated speed
(g) Conclusion. The final step in the test calculation is generally a plot of test points. A head-capacity curve is
plotted, and an ampere-capacity curve is plotted. A
study of these curves will show the performance picture of the pump as it was tested.
20–91
ANNEX A
Centrifugal Fire Pump Acceptance Test Form
Information on this form covers the minimum requirements of NFPA 20-2007 for performing acceptance tests on pumps
with electric motors or diesel engine drivers. Other forms are available for periodic inspection, testing and maintenance.
Owner:
Owner’s Address:
E. For each test, record the following for each load condition:
Test
Property on which pump is installed:
Suction Discharge
Pressure Pressure
rpm
Property Address:
psi
psi
Nozzle
Size
Pitot Readings
or Flow
inch
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
Date of Test:
Demand(s) of Fire Protection Systems Supplied By Pump:
100%
Pump: ❏ Horizontal ❏ Vertical
Manufacturer:
Shop/Serial Number:
Model or Type:
Rated GPM
Rated Pressure
Rated RPM
Suction From
If Tank, Size and Height
Driver: ❏ Electric Motor ❏ Diesel Engine ❏ Steam Turbine
Manufacturer:
Shop/Serial Number:
Model or Type:
Rated Horsepower:
Rated Speed:
If Electric Motor, Rated Voltage
Operating Voltage
Rated Amps
Phase Cycles
Service Factor
Controller Manufacturer:
Shop/Serial Number:
Model or Type:
Jockey Pump on System? ❏ Yes ❏ No
Settings: On
Off
Note: All questions are to be answered Yes, No or Not Applicable.
All “No” answers are to be explained in the comments portion of this form.
I. Flush Test (Conduct before Hydrostatic Test)
Suction piping was flushed at
gpm?
(See Table 14.1.1.1(a) of NFPA 20.)
Certificate presented showing flush test?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏ N/A
II. Hydrostatic Test
Piping tested at
psi for 2 hours?
(Note: NFPA 20 requires 200 psi or 50 psi above maximum system
pressure whichever is greater.)
Piping passed test?
Certificate presented showing test?
III. People Present
Were the following present to witness the test:
A. Pump manufacturer/representative
B. Engine manufacturer/representative
C. Controller manufacturer/representative
D. Transfer switch manufacturer/rep.
E. Authority having jurisdiction/rep.
❏ Yes
❏ Yes
❏ Yes
❏ Yes
❏ Yes
❏ No
❏ No
❏ No
❏ No
❏ No
❏ N/A
❏ N/A
❏ N/A
❏ N/A
❏ N/A
IV. Electric Wiring
Was all electric wiring including control interwiring for multiple
pumps, emergency power supply, and the jockey pump completed
and checked by the electrical contractor prior to the initial
start-up and acceptance test?
V. Flow Test
Run the pump at no-load, rated load and peak load (usually 150% of
rated load) conditions. For variable speed drivers, run the test with the
pressure limiting control “on” and then again at rated speed with the
pump isolated from the fire protection system and the relief valve closed.
Driver
Speed
A. Was a copy of the manufacturers’ certified pump test
characteristic curve available for comparison to the
results of the acceptance test?
❏ Yes
B. Equipment and gages calibrated?
❏ Yes
C. No vibrations that could potentially damage any fire
pump component?
❏ Yes
D. The fire pump performed at all conditions without
objectionable overheating of any component?
❏ Yes
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
150%
F. For electric motor driven pumps also record:
Test
Voltage
Amperes
0
100%
150%
E. For each test, record the following for each load condition:
PNet = PDischarge – PSuction
Q = 29.83 cd2 P
Test
0
Net
Pressure
Flow
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total Flow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
150%
H. For electric motors operating at rated voltage
and frequency, is the ampere demand less
than or equal to the product of the full load
ampere rating times the allowable service factor
as stamped on the motor nameplate?
❏ Yes
I. For electric motors operating under varying voltage:
1. Was the product of the actual voltage and
current demand less than or equal to the product
of the rated full load current times the rated
voltage times the allowable service factor?
❏ Yes
2. Was the voltage always less than 5%
below the rated voltage during the test?
❏ Yes
3. Was the voltage always less than 10%
above the rated voltage during the test?
❏ Yes
J. Did engine-driven units show no signs of
overload or stress?
❏ Yes
K. Was the governor set to properly regulate the
engine speed at rated pump speed?
❏ Yes
L. Did the gear drive assembly operate without excessive
objectionable noise, vibration or heating?
❏ Yes
M. Was the fire pump unit started and brought up to
rated speed without interruption under the conditions
of a discharge equal to peak load?
❏ Yes
N. Did the fire pump perform equal to the
manufacturer’s characteristic curve within the
accuracy limits of the test equipment?
❏ Yes
O. Electric motor pumps passed phase reversal test
on normal and alternate (if provided) power?
❏ Yes
© 2005 National Fire Sprinkler Association, P.O. Box 1000, Patterson, NY 12563 (845) 878-4200 (used with permission)
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
❏ No ❏ N/A
Form 20-A Sheet 1 of 2
FIGURE A.14.2.5.4 Centifugal Fire Pump Acceptance Test Form. (Source: National Fire Sprinkler
Association, Inc.)
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2010 Edition
20–92
VI. Controller Test
A. Did the pump start at least 6 times from
automatic sources?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
B. Was each automatic starting feature tested
at least once?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
C. Did the pump start at least 6 times manually?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
D. Was the pump run for at least 5 minutes during
each of the operations in Parts A, B and C above? ❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
(Note: An engine driver is not required to run for 5 minutes at
full speed between successive starts until the cumulative cranking
time of successive starts reaches 45 seconds.)
E. Were the starting operations divided between both
sets of batteries for engine-driven controllers?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
F. Electric Driven Pump Controllers
1. Were all overcurrent protective devices (including
the controller circuit-breaker) selected, sized and
set in accordance with NFPA 20?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
2. Was the fire pump started at least once from each
power service and run for at least 5 minutes? ❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
3. Upon simulation of a power failure, while the pump is
operating at peak load, did the transfer switch transfer from
the normal to the emergency source without opening
overcurrent protection devices on either line? ❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
4. When normal power was restored, did retransfer from
emergency to normal power occur without overcurrent
protection devices opening on either line?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
5. Were at least half of the automatic and manual
starts required by Parts A and C performed with
the pump connected to the alternate source?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
G. Were all signal conditions simulated
demonstrating satisfactory operation?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
H. Was the pump run for at least 1 hour total
during all of the above tests?
❏ Yes ❏ No ❏
N/A
I. For engines with ECM fuel management
VIII. Tester Information
Tester:
Company:
Company Address:
I state that the information on this form is correct at the time and place
of my test, and that all equipment tested was left in operational
condition upon completion of this test except as noted in the comments
section below.
Signature of Tester:
Date:
License or Certification Number if Applicable:
IX. Comments
(Any “No” answers, test failures, or other problems must be explained
Pressure (psi, fill in scale)
Amperes (for electric driven pumps) (fill in scale)
Pump Test Results
Flow (gpm, fill in scale)
© 2005 National Fire Sprinkler Association, P.O. Box 1000, Patterson, NY 12563 (845) 878-4200 (used with permission)
FIGURE A.14.2.5.4 Continued
2010 Edition
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Form 20-A Sheet 2 of 2
ANNEX B
A.14.2.5.6 A simulated test of the phase reversal device is an
acceptable test method.
A.14.2.6.1 All controller starts required for tests described in
14.2.5 through 14.2.8 should accrue respectively to this number
of tests.
A.14.2.11 To verify the operation of the alternate ECM, with the
motor stopped, move the ECM selector switch to the alternate
ECM position. Repositioning of the selector switch should cause
a signal on the fire pump controller. Start the engine; it should
operate normally with all functions. Shut engine down, switch
back to the primary ECM, and restart the engine briefly to verify
that correct switchback has been accomplished.
To verify the operation of the redundant sensor, with the
engine running, disconnect the wires from the primary sensor. There should be no change in the engine operation. Reconnect the wires to the sensor. Next, disconnect the wires
from the redundant sensor. There should be no change in the
engine operation. Reconnect the wires to the sensor. Repeat
this process for all primary and redundant sensors on the engines. Note: If desired, the disconnecting and reconnecting of
wires to the sensors can be done while the engine is not running, then starting the engine after each disconnection and
reconnection of the wires to verify engine operation.
A.14.5.2.3 Fire pump engines have unique features compared to standard industrial engines. The standard industrial
ECM programming can result in the reduction of power to
self-protect the engine during a fire or the inability to accelerate the pump to rated speed in rated flow condition.
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Annex B
Possible Causes of Pump Troubles
This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document
but is included for informational purposes only.
B.1 Causes of Pump Troubles. This annex contains a partial
guide for locating pump troubles and their possible causes (see
Figure B.1). It also contains a partial list of suggested remedies.
(For other information on this subject, see Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps.)
The causes listed here are in addition to possible mechanical
breakage that would be obvious on visual inspection. In case of
trouble, it is suggested that those troubles that can be checked
easily should be corrected first or eliminated as possibilities.
B.1.1 Air Drawn into Suction Connection Through Leak(s).
Air drawn into suction line through leaks causes a pump to
lose suction or fail to maintain its discharge pressure. Uncover
suction pipe and locate and repair leak(s).
B.1.2 Suction Connection Obstructed. Examine suction intake, screen, and suction pipe and remove obstruction. Repair
or provide screens to prevent recurrence. (See 4.14.8.)
B.1.3 Air Pocket in Suction Pipe. Air pockets cause a reduction
in delivery and pressure similar to an obstructed pipe. Uncover
suction pipe and rearrange to eliminate pocket. (See 4.14.6.)
B.1.4 Well Collapsed or Serious Misalignment. Consult a reliable well drilling company and the pump manufacturer regarding recommended repairs.
B.1.5 Stuffing Box Too Tight or Packing Improperly Installed, Worn, Defective, Too Tight, or of Incorrect Type.
Loosen gland swing bolts and remove stuffing box gland
halves. Replace packing.
B.1.6 Water Seal or Pipe to Seal Obstructed. Loosen gland swing
bolt and remove stuffing box gland halves along with the water
20–93
seal ring and packing. Clean the water passage to and in the water
seal ring. Replace water seal ring, packing gland, and packing in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
B.1.7 Air Leak into Pump Through Stuffing Boxes. Same as
the possible cause in B.1.6.
B.1.8 Impeller Obstructed. Does not show on any one instrument, but pressures fall off rapidly when an attempt is made to
draw a large amount of water.
For horizontal split-case pumps, remove upper case of
pump and remove obstruction from impeller. Repair or provide screens on suction intake to prevent recurrence.
For vertical shaft turbine–type pumps, lift out column pipe
(see Figure A.7.2.2.1 and Figure A.7.2.2.2) and pump bowls from
wet pit or well and disassemble pump bowl to remove obstruction from impeller.
For close-coupled, vertical in-line pumps, lift motor on top
pull-out design and remove obstruction from impeller.
B.1.9 Wearing Rings Worn. Remove upper case and insert
feeler gauge between case wearing ring and impeller wearing
ring. Clearance when new is 0.0075 in. (0.19 mm). Clearances
of more than 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) are excessive.
B.1.10 Impeller Damaged. Make minor repairs or return to
manufacturer for replacement. If defect is not too serious, order
new impeller and use damaged one until replacement arrives.
B.1.11 Wrong Diameter Impeller. Replace with impeller of
proper diameter.
B.1.12 Actual Net Head Lower than Rated. Check impeller
diameter and number and pump model number to make sure
correct head curve is being used.
B.1.13 Casing Gasket Defective, Permitting Internal Leakage
(Single-Stage and Multistage Pumps). Replace defective gasket.
Check manufacturer’s drawing to see whether gasket is required.
B.1.14 Pressure Gauge Is on Top of Pump Casing. Place
gauges in correct location. [See Figure A.6.3.1(a).]
B.1.15 Incorrect Impeller Adjustment (Vertical Shaft Turbine–
Type Pump Only). Adjust impellers according to manufacturer’s instructions.
B.1.16 Impellers Locked. For vertical shaft turbine–type
pumps, raise and lower impellers by the top shaft adjusting
nut. If this adjustment is not successful, follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
For horizontal split-case pumps, remove upper case and
locate and eliminate obstruction.
B.1.17 Pump Is Frozen. Provide heat in the pump room. Disassemble pump and remove ice as necessary. Examine parts
carefully for damage.
B.1.18 Pump Shaft or Shaft Sleeve Scored, Bent, or Worn.
Replace shaft or shaft sleeve.
B.1.19 Pump Not Primed. If a pump is operated without water in its casing, the wearing rings are likely to seize. The first
warning is a change in pitch of the sound of the driver. Shut
down the pump.
For vertical shaft turbine–type pumps, check water level to
determine whether pump bowls have proper submergence.
B.1.20 Seal Ring Improperly Located in Stuffing Box, Preventing Water from Entering Space to Form Seal. Loosen
gland swing bolt and remove stuffing box gland halves along
2010 Edition
20–94
Faulty electric circuit, obstructed fuel system,
obstructed steam pipe, or dead battery
Wrong direction of rotation
32
Speed too low
31
Lack of lubrication
26 27 28 29 30
Faulty driver
Rated motor voltage different from line voltage
21 22 23 24 25
Speed too high
Driver
Engine-cooling system obstructed
Foundation not rigid
Pump and driver misaligned
Rotating element binds against stationary element
Excess bearing friction due to lack of lubrication, wear,
dirt, rusting, failure, or improper installation
Seal ring improperly located in stuffing box, preventing
water from entering space to form seal
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Pump not primed
10
Pump shaft or shaft sleeve scored, bent, or worn
9
Pump is frozen
8
Impellers locked
Wrong diameter impeller
7
Incorrect impeller adjustment (vertical shaft
turbine-type pump only)
Impeller damaged
6
Pressure gauge is on top of pump casing
Wearing rings worn
5
Casing gasket defective, permitting internal leakage
(single-stage and multistage pumps)
Impeller obstructed
4
Actual net head lower than rated
Air leak into pump through stuffing boxes
3
Water seal or pipe to seal obstructed
2
Well collapsed or serious misalignment
Air pocket in suction pipe
1
Driver and/or
Pump
Pump
Stuffing box too tight or packing improperly installed,
worn, defective, too tight, or incorrect type
Suction connection obstructed
Fire pump
Troubles
Air drawn into suction connection through leak(s)
Suction
Excessive
leakage at
stuffing box
Pump or driver
overheats
Pump unit
will not start
No water
discharge
Pump is noisy
or vibrates
Too much
power required
Discharge
pressure
not constant
for same gpm
Pump loses
suction after
starting
Insufficient
water discharge
Discharge
pressure
too low for gpm
discharge
FIGURE B.1 Possible Causes of Fire Pump Troubles.
with the water-seal ring and packing. Replace, putting seal
ring in proper location.
B.1.21 Excess Bearing Friction Due to Lack of Lubrication,
Wear, Dirt, Rusting, Failure, or Improper Installation. Remove
bearings and clean, lubricate, or replace as necessary.
B.1.22 Rotating Element Binding Against Stationary Element.
Check clearances and lubrication and replace or repair the
defective part.
B.1.23 Pump and Driver Misaligned. Shaft running off center
because of worn bearings or misalignment. Align pump and
driver according to manufacturer’s instructions. Replace bearings according to manufacturer’s instructions. (See Section 6.5.)
B.1.24 Foundation Not Rigid. Tighten foundation bolts or replace foundation if necessary. (See Section 6.4.)
2010 Edition
B.1.25 Engine Cooling System Obstructed. Heat exchanger
or cooling water systems too small or cooling pump faulty.
Remove thermostats. Open bypass around regulator valve and
strainer. Check regulator valve operation. Check strainer.
Clean and repair if necessary. Disconnect sections of cooling
system to locate and remove possible obstruction. Adjust engine cooling water circulating pump belt to obtain proper
speed without binding. Lubricate bearings of this pump.
If overheating still occurs at loads up to 150 percent of
rated capacity, contact pump or engine manufacturer so that
necessary steps can be taken to eliminate overheating.
B.1.26 Faulty Driver. Check electric motor, internal combustion engine, or steam turbine, in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, to locate reason for failure to start.
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ANNEX B
B.1.28 Speed Too Low. For electric motor drive, check that
rated motor speed corresponds to rated speed of pump, voltage is correct, and starting equipment is operating properly.
Low frequency and low voltage in the electric power supply
prevent a motor from running at rated speed. Low voltage can
be due to excessive loads and inadequate feeder capacity or
(with private generating plants) low generator voltage. The
generator voltage of private generating plants can be corrected by changing the field excitation. When low voltage is
from the other causes mentioned, it might be necessary to
change transformer taps or increase feeder capacity.
Low frequency usually occurs with a private generating
plant and should be corrected at the source. Low speed can
result in older type squirrel-cage-type motors if fastenings of
copper bars to end rings become loose. The remedy is to weld
or braze these joints.
For steam turbine drive, check that valves in steam supply
pipe are wide open; boiler steam pressure is adequate; steam
pressure is adequate at the turbine; strainer in the steam supply pipe is not plugged; steam supply pipe is of adequate size;
condensate is removed from steam supply pipe, trap, and turbine; turbine nozzles are not plugged; and setting of speed
and emergency governor is correct.
For internal combustion engine drive, check that setting of
speed governor is correct; hand throttle is opened wide; and
there are no mechanical defects such as sticking valves, timing
off, or spark plugs fouled, and so forth. These problems might
require the services of a trained mechanic.
B.1.29 Wrong Direction of Rotation. Instances of an impeller
turning backward are rare but are clearly recognizable by the
extreme deficiency of pump delivery. Wrong direction of rotation can be determined by comparing the direction in which
the flexible coupling is turning with the directional arrow on
the pump casing.
With a polyphase electric motor drive, two wires must be
reversed; with a dc driver, the armature connections must be
reversed with respect to the field connections. Where two
sources of electrical current are available, the direction of rotation produced by each should be checked.
B.1.30 Speed Too High. See that pump- and driver-rated
speed correspond. Replace electric motor with one of correct
rated speed. Set governors of drivers for correct speed. Frequency at private generating stations might be too high.
B.1.31 Rated Motor Voltage Different from Line Voltage.
For example, a 220 V or 440 V motor on 208 V or 416 V line.
Obtain motor of correct rated voltage or larger size motor. (See
Section 9.4.)
B.1.32 Faulty Electric Circuit, Obstructed Fuel System, Obstructed Steam Pipe, or Dead Battery. Check for break in wiring open switch, open circuit breaker, or dead battery. If circuit breaker in controller trips for no apparent reason, make
sure oil is in dash pots in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications. Make sure fuel pipe is clear, strainers are clean,
and control valves are open in fuel system to internal combustion engine. Make sure all valves are open and strainer is clean
in steam line to turbine.
B.2 Warning. Chapters 9 and 10 include electrical requirements that discourage the installation of disconnect means in
the power supply to electric motor–driven fire pumps. This
requirement is intended to ensure the availability of power to
the fire pumps. When equipment connected to those circuits
is serviced or maintained, the employee can have unusual exposure to electrical and other hazards. It can be necessary to
require special safe work practices and special safeguards, personal protective clothing, or both.
B.3 Maintenance of Fire Pump Controllers After a Fault
Condition.
B.3.1 Introduction. In a fire pump motor circuit that has been
properly installed, coordinated, and in service prior to the
fault, tripping of the circuit breaker or the isolating switch
indicates a fault condition in excess of operating overload.
It is recommended that the following general procedures
be observed by qualified personnel in the inspection and repair of the controller involved in the fault. These procedures
are not intended to cover other elements of the circuit, such as
wiring and motor, which can also require attention.
B.3.2 Caution. All inspections and tests are to be made on
controllers that are de-energized at the line terminal, disconnected, locked out, and tagged so that accidental contact cannot be made with live parts and so that all plant safety procedures will be observed.
B.3.2.1 Enclosure. Where substantial damage to the enclosure, such as deformation, displacement of parts, or burning
has occurred, replace the entire controller.
B.3.2.2 Circuit Breaker and Isolating Switch. Examine the enclosure interior, circuit breaker, and isolating switch for evidence of possible damage. If evidence of damage is not apparent, the circuit breaker and isolating switch can continue to be
used after closing the door.
If there is any indication that the circuit breaker has opened
several short-circuit faults, or if signs of possible deterioration
appear within either the enclosure, circuit breaker, or isolating
switch (e.g., deposits on surface, surface discoloration, insulation
cracking, or unusual toggle operation), replace the components.
Verify that the external operating handle is capable of opening
and closing the circuit breaker and isolating switch. If the handle
fails to operate the device, this would also indicate the need for
adjustment or replacement.
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B.1.27 Lack of Lubrication. If parts have seized, replace damaged parts and provide proper lubrication. If not, stop pump
and provide proper lubrication.
20–95
B.3.2.3 Terminals and Internal Conductors. Where there
are indications of arcing damage, overheating, or both, such
as discoloration and melting of insulation, replace the damaged parts.
B.3.2.4 Contactor. Replace contacts showing heat damage,
displacement of metal, or loss of adequate wear allowance of
the contacts. Replace the contact springs where applicable. If
deterioration extends beyond the contacts, such as binding in
the guides or evidence of insulation damage, replace the damaged parts or the entire contactor.
B.3.2.5 Return to Service. Before returning the controller to
service, check for the tightness of electrical connections and for
the absence of short circuits, ground faults, and leakage current.
Close and secure the enclosure before the controller circuit
breaker and isolating switch are energized. Follow operating procedures on the controller to bring it into standby condition.
2010 Edition
20–96
Informational References
C.1 Referenced Publications. The documents or portions
thereof listed in this annex are referenced within the informational sections of this standard and are not part of the requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for other
reasons.
C.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010
edition.
NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose
Systems, 2007 edition.
NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, 2007 edition.
NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler
and Foam-Water Spray Systems, 2007 edition.
Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2010 edition.
NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, 2008 edition.
NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2008 edition.
NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, 2006 edition.
C.1.2 Other Publications.
C.1.2.1 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
ANSI/IEEE C62.11, IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits, 1987.
C.1.2.2 AWWA Publications. American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.
AWWA C104, Cement-Mortar Lining for Cast-Iron and DuctileIron Pipe and Fittings for Water, 1990.
C.1.2.3 HI Publications. Hydraulic Institute, 6 Campus Drive,
First Floor North, Parsippany, NJ 07054-4406.
Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps, 14th ed., 1983.
HI 3.5, Standard for Rotary Pumps for Nomenclature, Design,
Application and Operation, 1994.
HI 3.6, Rotary Pump Tests, 1994.
C.1.2.4 IEEE Publications. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Three Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York,
NY 10016-5997.
IEEE 141, Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants, 1986.
IEEE 241, Electric Systems for Commercial Buildings, 1990.
C.1.2.5 NEMA Publications. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn,
VA 22209.
NEMA ICS 2.2, Maintenance of Motor Controllers After a Fault
Condition, 1983.
NEMA ICS 14, Application Guide for Electric Pump Controllers,
2001.
NEMA 250, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, 1991.
C.1.2.6 SAE Publications. Society of Automotive Engineers,
400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.
SAE J-1349, Engine Power Test Code — Spark Ignition and Compression Engine, 1990.
C.1.2.7 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333
ANSI/UL 508, Standard for Safety Industrial Control Equipment, 2005.
ANSI/UL 1008, Standard for Safety Automatic Transfer
Switches, 2007.
C.2 Informational References. The following documents or
portions thereof are listed here as informational resources only.
They are not a part of the requirements of this document.
C.2.1 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333
ANSI/UL 80, Standard for Steel Tanks for Oil Burner Fuels and
Other Combustible Liquids, 2007.
UL 2080, Standard for Fire Resistant Tanks for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids, 2000.
ANSI/UL 2085, Standard for Protected Aboveground Tanks for
Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 1997.
C.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections. (Reserved)
Annex D
Material Extracted by NFPA 70, Article 695
D.1 General. Table D.1 indicates corresponding sections of
NFPA 70, Article 695.
Table D.1 NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Extracted Material
NFPA 20
2007 Edition
NFPA 70 Section 695
2010 Edition
2005 Edition
2008 Edition
(Reference only)
3.3.7.2
Same
695.2
695.2
Same
Same
3.3.34
3.3.35
Same
Same
695.2
695.2
Same
Same
9.2.1
Same
695.3
Same
2010 Edition
Section 695
Titles or Text
Definitions
Fault Tolerant External Control
Circuits
On-Site Power Production Facility
On-Site Standby Generator
Power Source(s) for Electric
Motor-Driven Fire Pumps
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Annex C
20–97
ANNEX D
Table D.1 Continued
NFPA 20
2007 Edition
NFPA 70 Section 695
2010 Edition
2005 Edition
2008 Edition
Section 695
Titles or Text
9.2
9.2.2
Same
Same
695.3(A)
695.3(A)(1)
Same
Same
9.2.2
Same
695.3(A)(2)
Same
Individual Sources
Electric Utility Service Connection
(2nd sentence)
On-Site Power Production Facility
9.2.2
9.6.1
9.3.4(1)
9.3.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
695.3(B)
695.3(B)(1)
695.3(B)(2)
695.3(B)(3)
695.4
695.4(A)
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Multiple Sources
Generator Capacity
Feeder Sources
Arrangement
Continuity of Power
Direct Connection
9.2
9.2
9.2
Same
Same
Same
695.4(B)
695.4(B)-(1)
695.4(B)-(2)
Same
Same
Same
9.2
Same
695.4(B)-(3)
Same
9.2(5)
9.2.2(5)
Same
9.2.3.1
Same
695.4(B)
— continued
695.4(B)
— continued
Supervised Connection
(listed fire pump controller)
(listed fire pump power transfer
switch)
(listed combo. fire pump controller
/ transfer switch)
For systems installed under the
provisions of 695.3(B)(2) only…
All disconnecting devices and
overcurrent protective devices…
9.2.3.4
Same
695.4(B)(1)
Same
Overcurrent Device Selection
9.2.3.2
9.2.3.1
Same
Same
695.4(B)(2)
695.4(B)(2)-(1)
Same
Same
9.2.3.1(2)
(Reference only)
Same
9.2.3.1(3)
695.4(B)(2)-(2)
695.4(B)(2)-(3)
Same
Same
9.2.3.1(4)
Same
695.4(B)(2)-(4)
Same
9.2.3.1(5)
10.1.2.2
9.2.3.3
9.2.3.3(1)
Same
Same
Same
Same
695.4(B)(3)
695.4(B)(4)
695.4(B)(5)
695.4(B)(5)-(1)
Same
Same
Same
Same
9.2.3.3(2)
9.2.3.3(3)
9.2.3.3(4)
Same
Same
Same
695.4(B)(5)-(2)
695.4(B)(5)-(3)
695.4(B)(5)-(4)
Same
Same
Same
Disconnecting Means
Be identified as suitable for use as
service equipment…
Be lockable in the closed position…
Not be located within equipment
that feeds loads other than…
Be located sufficiently remote
from…
Disconnect Marking
Controller Marking
Supervision
Central station, proprietary, or
remote station…
Local signaling service…
Locking the disconnecting means…
Sealing of disconnecting means…
9.2.2(5)
9.2.3.4
(Reference only)
(Reference only)
9.2.3
Same
Same
Same
695.5
695.5(B)
695.5(C)
695.5(C)(1)
695.5(C)(2)
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Transformers
Overcurrent Protection
Feeder Source
Size
Overcurrent Protection
(Reference only)
10.3.4.7
10.3.4.8
10.3.4.5.1
10.3.4.6
695.6
695.6(F)
695.6(F)
Same
Same
Same
Power Wiring
Junction Points
Junction Points
9.4
Same
695.7
Same
Voltage Drop
9.5.1.1
10.1.2.1
10.8.3.1
Same
Same
10.7.3.1
695.10
695.10
695.10
Same
Same
Same
Listed Equipment
Listed Equipment
Listed Equipment
Same
2010 Edition
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20–98
Table D.1 Continued
NFPA 20
2007 Edition
NFPA 70 Section 695
2010 Edition
2005 Edition
2008 Edition
Section 695
Titles or Text
12.1.3.1
Same
695.10
Same
Listed Equipment
(Reference only)
10.2.1
12.2.1
11.2.5.2.6
11.2.5.2.7
10.2.2
12.2.2
10.3.2
12.3.2
Same
Same
11.2.7.2.4
11.2.7.2.4.2
Same
Same
Same
Same
695.12
695.12(A)
695.12(B)
695.12(C)
695.12(D)
695.12(E)
695.12(E)
695.12(F)
695.12(F)
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Equipment Location
Controllers and Transfer Switches
Engine-Drive Controllers
Storage Batteries
Energized Equipment
Protection Against Pump Water
Protection Against Pump Water
Mounting
Mounting
695.14(A)
695.14(A)
695.14(B)
695.14(C)
695.14(D)
695.14(E)
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Control Circuit Failures
Control Circuit Failures
Sensor Functioning
Remote Device(s)
Engine-Drive Control Wiring
Electric Fire Pump Control Wiring
Methods
Same
Same
Same
Service Conductors
Controllers and Transfer Switches
Generator Control Wiring Methods
10.5.2.6
12.5.2.5
10.4.5.7
10.8.1.3
12.3.5.1
(Reference only)
Same
12.7.2.5
Same
10.7.1.3
Same
Additional References — Informational Only
Same
Same
Same
695.6(A)
695.12(A)
695.14(F)
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A.9.3.2(3)
9.6.4
A.9.3.2(3)
2010 Edition
20–99
INDEX
Index
Copyright © 2009 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.
The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document that it indexes. The licensing provisions set forth for the
document are not applicable to this index. This index may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means without the express written
permission of NFPA.
-AAdditive
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1
Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.3
Additive pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2, 8.9.2, A.8.2.2 to A.8.2.6; see also
Foam concentrate pumps
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.1
Motors, controllers for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9
Air leaks/pockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.1, B.1.3, B.1.7
Air release fittings, automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1, 6.3.3, 7.3.5.1(1),
7.3.5.2, A.6.3.1
Air starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.4, 12.4.1.4(3), 12.8, A.11.2.7.4.4
Alarms, fire pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Fire pump alarms
Application of standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3
Approved/approval
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1, A.3.2.1
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2, A.4.2
Aquifer (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2
Aquifer performance analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.7.2.1.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3
Authority having jurisdiction
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2, A.3.2.2
Fuel system plan review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.1.1
Automatic air release fittings . . . . . . . . .see Air release fittings, automatic
Automatic transfer switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.1.3
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.48.2.1
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
-BBackflow preventers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.9.2(1), 4.15.6, 4.16.1, 4.27,
4.31.1, A.4.14.9, A.4.15.6, A.11.2.8.5.3.7(B)
Backup fire pump, high-rise buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7, A.5.7
Batteries, storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.2, 12.7.4, 14.2.5.4.7.1,
14.2.6.7, A.11.2.7.2.1.5 to A.11.2.7.2.4
Failure indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1.4(1), 12.4.1.4(2)
Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.2.2, A.11.2.7.2.2
Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.2.3
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.2.4, A.11.2.7.2.4
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6.3, B.1.32
Recharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5, A.12.5
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.5
Battery cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.6.3
Battery chargers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1.4(2), 12.5.3, 12.6
Bowl assembly, vertical shaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.3
Branch circuit (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.7.1
Break tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.6
Refill mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.3
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.2
Butterfly valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15.7, 4.15.8, 4.27.3.1, A.4.25.5.5
Bypass line . . . . 4.14.4, 11.2.8.6, A.4.14.4, A.11.2.8.6, A.13.2.1.1, B.1.25
Bypass operation, variable speed pressure
limiting control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10.3, A.10.10.3
Bypass valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16.1
-CCan pump (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.2
Capacity, pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8, 6.2.1, A.4.8, A.14.2.5.4
Centrifugal pumps
Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8, 6.2.1, A.4.8, A.14.2.5.4
Component replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.2, A.14.5.2.3
Connection to driver and alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5, A.6.5, B.1.23
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.3
End suction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1.2
Factory and field performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2, A.6.2
High-rise buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1
In-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1.2
Maximum pressure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.7, A.4.7.7
Pressure maintenance pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25.4.1, A.25.4
Relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18, A.4.18.1 to A.4.18.8
Sole supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.2.6
Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1, A.6.1.1
Check valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.9.2(1), 4.15.6, 4.25.5.4, 4.27,
4.30.2, 4.30.4.1, 11.2.8.5.3.2, A.4.15.6, A.4.25.5.5,
A.11.2.8.5.3.7(A)
Circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Disconnecting means
Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Fault tolerant external control circuits
Branch circuit (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.7.1
Internal conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.3.2.3
Protection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Protective devices
Circulation relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Relief valves
Columns, vertical shaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2, A.7.3.2.1
Contractor’s material and test certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.3, A.14.1.3
Controllers, fire pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Fire pump controllers
Control valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Gate valves
Coolant, engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.8.3, 11.2.8.4
Corrosion-resistant material (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.9
Couplings, flexible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Flexible couplings
Cutting, torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.6, A.4.13.6
-DDefinitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chap. 3
Designer, system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.2, A.4.3.2(2)
Detectors, liquid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Liquid level
Diesel engines . . . . 4.7.2, 4.7.6, Chap. 11, A.4.7.6; see also Engine drive
controllers
Connection to pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.3
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.8, A.11.2.8.5, A.11.2.8.6, B.1.25
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.13.1
Emergency starting and stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6.6
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5, A.11.5.2
Fire pump buildings or rooms with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.3
Fuel supply and arrangement . . . . . . . . . 11.4, A.11.4.1.2.1 to A.11.4.5
Instrumentation and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4, A.11.2.4.2
Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.1
Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.9
Operation and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6, A.11.6, A.14.2.5
Pump room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3, A.11.3
Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.2, A.11.2.2.2
Redundant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.3
Starting methods . . . . . . 11.2.7, 11.6.6, A.11.2.7.2.1.5 to A.11.2.7.4.4,
A.14.2.5
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5 to 14.2.7, A.14.2.5
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.3, A.11.1.3
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1.3, 7.5.1.4, 7.5.2
Discharge, exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.3
Discharge cones . . . . . . 4.18.5.1, 4.18.5.4, 6.3.2(4), 7.3.5.1(4), A.4.18.5
2010 Edition
20–100
Discharge pipe and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3, 4.15,
A.4.15.3 to A.4.15.10; see also Drainage
From dump valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.6.5
Pressure maintenance pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25.5.1
From relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18.5 to 4.18.9, A.4.18.5 to A.4.18.8
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15.6 to 5.15.9, 4.16.1, 4.25.4.1,
4.30.2, A.4.15.6, A.4.15.9.3, A.4.25.4
Discharge pressure gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10.1, 8.4.1
Disconnecting means
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.11
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.3, 10.6.3, 10.6.8, 10.8.2.1.3,
A.10.4.3.1 to A.10.4.3.3.2, B.2, B.3.1, B.3.2.2
Variable speed drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10.5, A.10.10.5
Electric drivers . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.3, 9.3.6, A.9.2.3.1(3), A.9.2.3.1(4), B.2
Domestic water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.1.5, 5.8.2
Drainage
Pump room/house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.7, 11.3.1, A.4.12.7
Relief valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.27.2
Water mist system pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.4.1
Drain piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.4
Drawdown (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.12
Dripproof motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.1.9.1, 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.2
Guarded (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.1
Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.4.1, 4.7, A.4.4.1, A.4.7.1 to A.4.7.7.3.2,
B.1.23, B.1.26; see also Diesel engines; Electric motors
(drivers); Steam turbines
Earthquake protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28.1, A.4.28.1
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5, 8.8, A.8.5.1
Pump connection and alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5, A.6.5, B.1.23
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28, B.1.30
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5, 7.6.1.6
Dual-drive pump units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.3, A.4.7.3
Dump valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.6
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.6.3
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.1
Dust-ignition-proof motor (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.3
-EEarthquake protection . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1, 4.13.5, 4.28, A.4.12.1, A.4.28.1
Eccentric tapered reducer or increaser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.6.4, 6.3.2(1)
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2, Chap. 10;
see also Electric motors (drivers)
Additive pump motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.1, 10.5.2, 10.9.2, A.10.5.1,
A.10.5.2.1, A.10.5.2.1.7.2
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4, A.10.4.1 to A.10.4.7
Connections and wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.4
Continuous-duty basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.4.4
Control circuits, protection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.5
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3, A.10.3.3.1 to A.10.3.7.3
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.3, A.10.1.3
Electrical diagrams and instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.7, A.10.3.7.3
Electrical power supply connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.4
Emergency-run control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.3.2, 10.6.10, A.10.5.3.2
External operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.6, 10.5.2.6, A.10.3.6
Indicating devices
Available power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6.6
Power source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.8
Remote indication . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.8, 10.8.3.14, 10.10.9, A.10.4.5.7
Variable speed drive operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10.8, 10.10.9
Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.1, 10.1.2.4
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2, A.10.2.1
Low-voltage control circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6.5
Nonautomatic . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.1, 10.5.2.4, 10.5.3, A.10.5.1, A.10.5.3.2
Power transfer for alternate power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8, A.10.8
Rated in excess of 600 Volts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6
Service arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.6
2010 Edition
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Starting and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5, A.10.5.1 to A.10.5.3.2
Motor starting circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5, A.10.4.5.7
Operating coils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.6
Single-phase sensors in controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.7, A.10.4.5.7
Soft start units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.5
Starting reactors and autotransformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.4
Starting resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.3
Timed acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.2
State of readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.7
Stopping methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.4, 10.9.3
Variable speed pressure limiting control . . . . . . . . 10.5.2.1.7.5, 10.10,
A.10.10
Voltage drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.6, 9.4, A.9.4
Electric motors (drivers) . . . . . . . . 4.7.2, 4.7.6, 6.5.1.1, Chap. 9, A.4.7.6;
see also Electric-drive controllers
Current limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.4
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.14.2.5
Phase reversal test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5.6, A.14.2.5.6
Power sources and supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Power supply
Problems of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.26, B.1.28 to B.1.30
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28, B.1.30
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5 to 14.2.7, A.14.2.5
Voltage drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.6, 9.4, A.9.4
Electric starting, diesel engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.2,
A.11.2.7.2.1.5 to A.11.2.7.2.4
Electric supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Power supply
Electronic fuel management control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4.2, 12.4.1.4(5),
12.4.1.4(6), 14.2.11, A.11.2.4.2, A.14.2.11
Emergency boiler feed, steam turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.13.3
Emergency control for engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.6
Emergency governors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2.4, 13.2.2.5, 14.2.8
Emergency lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.5
Emergency-run mechanical control . . . . . . . 10.5.3.2, 10.6.10, A.10.5.3.2
Enclosures, pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Pump rooms/houses
Enclosures for controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7(2), 10.3.3, 12.3.3, A.9.7(2),
A.10.3.3.1, A.12.3.3.1, B.3.2.1
End suction pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1.2, Fig. A.6.1.1(a)
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.4
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chap. 12
Air starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.4, 12.8, A.11.2.7.4.4
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.1, 12.7.2
In-factory wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.6.1, 11.2.7.4.2
In-field wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.6.2, A.11.2.6.2
Battery charging and recharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5, 12.6, A.12.5
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4, A.12.4.1.2 to A.12.4.4
Connections and wiring . . . . . . . . 11.2.6, 11.2.7.4.2, 12.3.5, A.11.2.6.2
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3, A.12.3.1.1 to A.12.3.8
Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.3
Electrical diagrams and instructions . . . . . . . . 12.3.6, 12.3.8, A.12.3.8
External operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.6.3, 12.7.2.5
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1, A.12.4.1.2, A.12.4.1.5.2
Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.2, 12.4.3, 14.2.6.6, A.12.4.2.3(3)
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2, A.12.2.1
Locked cabinet for switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.4
Nonautomatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.1, 12.7.2.3, 12.7.3
Starting and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7, 12.8.2, A.12.7
Stopping methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.5, 12.8.3, A.12.7.5.2
Automatic shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.5.2, A.12.7.5.2
Manual shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.5.1, 12.8.3
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.3.2, 14.2.6.7
Engines
Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Diesel engines
Internal combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Internal combustion engines
Equivalency to standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
Exhaust system
Diesel engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5, A.11.5.2
Steam turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.13.3
Explosionproof motor (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.5
20–101
INDEX
-F-
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Fan-cooled motor, totally enclosed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.8
Fault tolerant external control circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.2.6, 12.7.2.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.7.2
Feeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2, 9.3.6
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.15
Inadequate capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28
Field acceptance tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2, 4.32, 14.2, 14.3.3,
14.5, A.14.2.2 to A.14.2.11, A.14.5.2.3
Fill/refill valves, water tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8.3
Fire protection equipment control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.2.3, 12.7.2.2
Fire pump alarms
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.16
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.1.2, 10.4.7, A.10.4.7
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.1, 12.4.1.3 to 12.4.1.5,
12.4.2, 12.4.3, A.12.4.1.5.2, A.12.4.2.3(3)
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.9
Fire pump controllers . . . . 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.4.1, 8.6, A.4.4.1, A.8.6; see also
Electric-drive controllers; Engine drive controllers
Acceptance test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.6, A.14.2.6.1
Additive pump motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9
Dedicated controller for each driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.17
Maintenance, after fault condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.3
Positive displacement pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.6.3
Pressure actuated controller pressure sensing lines . . . 4.30, A.4.30
Pressure maintenance pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25.7
Protection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1, A.4.12.1
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.2, 10.10.12
Fire pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Pumps
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.5
In high-rise buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see High-rise buildings
Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Operations
Packaged fire pump assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.29, A.4.29.9
Redundant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25.6, 9.3.3
Summary of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4.26(a), Table 4.26(b)
Fire pump units
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.18
Dual-drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.3, A.4.7.3
Field acceptance tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.32
Location and protection
Indoor units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.1, A.4.12.1.1
Outdoor units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.2
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4, 14.2.5.5, A.4.4.1
Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.19, 5.3
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.40
Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3, 4.13, 6.3, A.4.13.1 to A.4.13.6, A.6.3.1
Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15, A.4.15.3 to A.4.15.10
Joining method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.13
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4, A.8.4.2 to A.8.4.5
Suction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14, A.4.14.1 to A.4.14.10
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5, A.7.3.5.3
Flexible connecting shafts . . . . . . . . . 6.5.1.1, 11.2.3.1.1, 11.2.3.2.1, A.6.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.19
Guards for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.8
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1.7.1, 7.5.1.8
Flexible couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5.1.1, Fig. A.6.1.1(e), A.6.4.1, A.6.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.20
Diesel engine pump connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.3.1
Earthquake protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28.4
Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.8
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8.1, 8.8.2
Flooded suction (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.21
Flow-measuring device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5, 6.3.2(3), 8.9.2, 8.9.3,
14.2.5.4.3.2, 14.2.7.4.3.3
Flow tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Tests
Foam concentrate piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.3
Foam concentrate pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2, 8.4.3, 14.2.10,
A.8.2.2 to A.8.2.6, A.8.4.3; see also Additive pumps
Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4, A.6.4.1, A.6.4.4, B.1.24
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4.3
Frequency-sensing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.7
Fuel supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4, A.11.4.1.2.1 to A.11.4.5;
see also Electronic fuel management control
Fuel types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.5, A.11.4.5
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.3, A.11.4.3
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6.4, A.11.6.4
Obstructed system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.32
On-site standby generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.2.3, A.9.6.2
-GGate valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.5, 4.15.7, A.4.14.5, A.4.25.5.5, A.13.3
Gear drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1.7, 11.2.3.2.1, 14.2.5.4.9
Gear pump (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.7
Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see On-site standby generator
Governors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.30
Diesel engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4.1, 14.2.5.4.7.3, 14.2.5.4.7.4
Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2.4, 13.2.2.5, 14.2.8
Speed, steam turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2
Ground-face unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30.4.2
Grounding
Electric drive controller enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.3.3
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.3.2
Groundwater (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.22
Guarded motors
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.6
Dripproof (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.1
Guards for fuel lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.4.5, A.11.4.4.5
-HHangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.5
Head . . . . 4.5.1, 6.2.2; see also Net positive suction head (NPSH) (hsv);
Total head (H)
Available from water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23, A.3.3.23
Net head lower than rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.12
Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.6.1.2
Total discharge head (hd) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.2
Total rated head (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.4
Total suction head (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.5
Velocity head (hv) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.6
Vertical turbine pump head component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.1, A.7.3.1
Heat exchangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.8.1(1), 11.2.8.5, 11.2.8.6,
A.11.2.8.5, A.11.2.8.6, A.11.3.2.3, A.11.3.2.4, B.1.25
Heat source, pump room/house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.3
High-rise buildings
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.24
Fire pumps for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.1.1, Chap. 5, A.4.12.1.1.1
Horizontal pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.8
Diesel engine drive connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.3.1
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig. A.6.3.1
Shaft rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.4.23
Split-case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1.3, Fig. A.6.1.1(f), Fig. A.6.3.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.9
Suction pipe and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.6.3.1 to 4.14.6.3.3
Total head (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.14.2.5.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.3.1, A.3.3.23.3.1
Hose valves . . . . . . . 4.20.3, 6.3.2(2), 7.3.5.1(5), A.4.20.3.1, A.14.2.5.2.3
Hydraulic starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.3, 12.4.1.4(3)
2010 Edition
20–102
-I-
-M-
Impellers
Impeller between bearings design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1.3, 6.4.1,
A.6.1.1, A.6.4.1
Overhung impeller design . . . . . 6.1.1.2, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, A.6.1.1, A.6.4.1
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.8, B.1.10 to B.1.12, B.1.15, B.1.16, B.1.29
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.3.2, 7.5.1.1, 7.5.1.2,
7.5.1.6.2, 7.5.1.7.2, 7.6.1.3, A.7.6.1.1
Indicating valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15.7, 4.15.8, 4.25.5.5, A.4.25.5.5
In-line pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1.2, Figs. A.6.1.1(c) to (e)
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.10
In-rush currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.10
Installer, system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3, A.4.3.3(2)
Instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.5.1
Internal combustion engines . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.26; see also Diesel engines
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.13.2
Pump room or house, heat for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.3.2
Spark-ignited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.3.2
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28
Isolating switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.2, 10.8.2.1.2, 10.8.2.2, 10.8.3.12.1,
A.10.4.2.1.2, A.10.4.2.3, B.3.1, B.3.2.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.48.1
Isolation valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16.1, 4.25.5.3, 4.25.5.4, 4.25.5.7
Maintenance
Batteries, storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6.3, B.1.32
Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.3
Diesel engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6, A.11.6
Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.13
Fuel supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6.4, A.11.6.4
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6.2, 14.4
Water seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.6
Main throttle valve, steam turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.1.3
Make-up pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Pressure maintenance
(jockey or make-up) pumps
Manuals, instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3.1, 14.3.2
Manual transfer switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.1.2, 10.8.3.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.48.2.2
Marking
Additive pump motor controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9.5
Disconnecting means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.3.1(5), 9.2.3.2
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.2, 10.1.2.5, 10.3.8,
10.9.5, 10.10.2, 10.10.11, A.10.1.2.2
Electric drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.3
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.3.3, 12.3.7
Transfer switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.2, A.10.1.2.2
Mass elastic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1.6
Maximum pump brake horsepower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.31
Measurement, units of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6
Meters . . . . . . 4.20.2, 8.9.2, 8.9.3, 14.2.7.4.3.2, 14.2.7.4.3.3, A.4.20.2.1.1
Motor contactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.1, B.3.2.4
Motors
Dripproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Dripproof motors
Dust-ignition-proof (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.3
Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Electric motors (drivers)
Explosionproof (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.5
Guarded (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.6
Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.7
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Speed
Totally enclosed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Totally enclosed motors
Multistage pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1, 6.1.1.2, 6.1.1.3
-JJockey pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Pressure maintenance
(jockey or make-up) pumps
Junction boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7, 10.3.4.5.1, A.9.7(2), A.9.7(3)
-LLighting
Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.5
Normal artificial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.4
Limited service controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7. A.10.7
Liquid (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.27
Liquid level
Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5.1(2), 7.3.5.3, A.7.3.5.3
Pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.3, B.1.19
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.28.1
Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.2, A.6.1.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.28.2
Well or wet pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.3
Liquid supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.6, A.4.6.1 to A.4.6.4
Domestic water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.1.5, 5.8.2
Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.5, A.6.1.2
Heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.8.5, 11.2.8.6, A.11.2.8.5, A.11.2.8.6
Potable water, protection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.6
Pumps, priming of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.19
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.1, A.4.6.1
Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.2, 7.2.1, A.4.6.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.2.1.1, A.7.2.1.2
Discharge to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18.7, A.4.18.7
Stored supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.4, 5.5, 5.8, A.4.6.4
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1, 7.2, A.7.1.1,
A.7.2.1.1 to A.7.2.7, B.1.19
Listed
Break tank refill mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.3
Controllers and transfer switches . . . . . . . . . 4.25.7, 10.1.2.1, 10.1.2.4,
10.10.1.2, 12.1.3.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3, A.3.2.3
Dump valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.6.4
Electrical circuit protective system to controller wiring . . . . . . . . . 9.8,
A.9.8.1, A.9.8.2
Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.1
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2.1, 4.7.1, 6.5.1.2, A.4.7.1, A.6.2
Loads start test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5.5
Locked rotor overcurrent protection . . . . . . . 10.4.4, 10.6.9, A.10.4.4(3)
Lockout, additive pump motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9.4
Loss of phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.7.2.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.29
Low suction throttling valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.9.2(2), 4.15.9
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.2
Lubrication, pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.21, B.1.27
2010 Edition
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--Copyright National Fire Protection Association
-NNameplates, on pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9
Net positive suction head (NPSH) (hsv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2.2.2,
8.2.2, 8.3.2, A.8.2.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.1
Nonreverse ratchets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1.4, 7.5.1.7.3, 9.5.1.9.2, 11.2.3.2.2
Nonventilated motor, totally enclosed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.10
-OOil pressure gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.5.3
On-site power production facility . . . . . . . . 9.2.2(2), 9.2.3, A.9.2.3.1(3),
A.9.2.3.1(4); see also Power supply
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.34
On-site standby generator . . . . 9.3.4, 9.6, 10.8.3.6.2, 10.8.3.12, A.9.6.2,
A.9.6.5; see also Power supply, Alternate power sources
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.35
Open motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.7
Operations
Controllers, external operations . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.6, 10.5.2.6, 12.3.6.3,
12.7.2.5, A.10.3.6
Diesel engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6, A.11.6
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3, 7.6.1, A.4.3.2(2) to
A.4.3.4.1(2), A.7.6.1.1, A.7.6.1.4, A.14.2.5
Outdoor setting
Fire pump units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.2, A.4.12.1
Outside screw and yoke gate valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Gate valves
Overcurrent protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2(4), 9.2.3, 9.3.6, 10.3.5.1,
10.8.2.2(3), 10.8.3.11, 14.2.6.8, A.9.2.3.1(3),
A.9.2.3.1(4); see also Disconnecting means
Isolating switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.2.1.3
Locked rotor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.4, 10.6.9, A.10.4.4(3)
Overspeed shutdown device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4.4
-PPackaged fire pump assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.29, A.4.29.9
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.11
Phase converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.7, A.9.1.7
Phase reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.6.2, 10.4.7.2.3, 14.2.5.6, A.14.2.5.6
Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13, A.4.13.1 to A.4.13.6; see also Discharge
pipe and fittings; Suction pipe and fittings
Break tank refill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.3.2.3
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.2, A.11.5.2
Flushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1, A.14.1.3 to A.14.5.2.3
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.4, 11.4.4.5, A.11.4.4, A.11.4.4.5
Joining method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.2
Problems, causes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.1 to B.1.3, B.1.6
Protection
Against damage due to movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17, A.4.17
For fuel line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.4.5, A.11.4.4.5
Seismic bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.5
Size
Minimum pipe size data . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4.26(a), Table 4.26(b)
Suction pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.3
Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.1, 4.13.2.1, 4.25.5.1,
4.30.3, A.4.30.3
Pipeline strainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2(5)
Piston plunger pump (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.12
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1, Chap. 8
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.3
Component replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.1
Connection to driver and alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8
Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6, A.8.6
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.13
Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5, 8.8, A.8.5.1
Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4, A.8.4.2 to A.8.4.5
Flow tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9, 14.2.5.4.3
Foam concentrate and additive pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2, 8.4.3, 8.9.2,
A.8.2.2 to A.8.2.6, A.8.4.3
Foundation and setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7
High-rise buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.2
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.5, A.8.1.5
Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.4, 8.2.3
Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.2, A.8.1.2
Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.1
Water mist system pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3, A.8.3.1
Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3, 4.2.4
Alternate power sources . . . . . . 9.2.2(4), 9.3, 10.4.7.2.4, 10.8, 14.2.7,
A.9.3.2, A.10.8; see also On-site standby generator
Momentary test switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.13
Overcurrent protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.11
Transfer of power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.4, 10.8.3.9
Electric drive for pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.4 to 9.1.6, 9.2, A.9.1.4,
A.9.2.3.1(3), A.9.2.3.1(4), B.1.28, B.1.30
Alternate power sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see subhead: Alternate
power sources
Multiple power sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.4
Normal power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2, A.9.2.3.1(3), A.9.2.3.1(4)
On-site power production facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.9.2.3.1(3),
A.9.2.3.1(4)
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.34
Service-supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2
Variable speed drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10.6.1, A.10.10.6.3
Steam supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Steam supply
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.13, 14.2.6.9, 14.2.7, A.14.2.5.4
20–103
Pressure control valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.13.2.1.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.3
Pressure gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10, 5.4, 6.3.1, A.4.10.2, A.6.3.1, B.1.14
Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.5.3
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.1
Steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.3
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5.1(3)
Pressure maintenance (jockey or make-up) pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25, 1
0.3.4.6, A.4.14.4, A.4.14.9, A.4.25
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.14
Overcurrent protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.3.4
Pressure sensing lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30.1, 4.30.2
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25.5.2 to 4.25.5.5, 4.25.5.7
Pressure recorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.4, A.12.4.4
Pressure-reducing valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.13.3
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.4
Pressure regulating devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15.10, A.13.2.1.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.36
Pressure relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Relief valves
Pressure sensing lines, pressure actuated controllers . . . . . 4.30, A.4.30
Protection
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12, A.4.12
Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6.7, B.2
Piping
Fuel line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.4.5, A.11.4.4.5
Movement, damage due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17, A.4.17
Seismic bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.5
Protective devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Overcurrent protection
Control circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.5
Controller . . . . . . 10.4.2 to 10.4.4, 10.6.9, A.10.4.2.1.2 to A.10.4.4(3)
Listed electrical circuit protective system
to controller wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8, A.9.8.1, A.9.8.2
On-site power source circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.5, A.9.6.5
Overspeed shutdown device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4.4
Variable speed drive circuit protection . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10.5, A.10.10.5
Pump brake horsepower, maximum (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.31
Pumping liquid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.3, A.7.1.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.28.1
Pump manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.6, 12.1.4, 14.2.1
Pump rooms/houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12, A.4.12
Access to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.2, 5.3, A.4.12
Controller, transfer of power to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.4
Diesel engine drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3, A.11.3
Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.7, 11.3.1, A.4.12.7
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.4, 4.12.5
Temperature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.3, 11.6.5, A.11.6.5, B.1.17
Torch-cutting or welding in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.6, A.4.13.6
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.6, 11.3.2, A.11.3.2
Pumps
Additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Additive pumps
Bypass, with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.4, 11.2.8.6, A.4.14.4, A.11.2.8.6
Can (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.2
Centrifugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Centrifugal pumps
End suction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see End suction pumps
Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Fire pumps
Foam concentrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Foam concentrate pumps
Gear (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.7
Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Horizontal pumps
In-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see In-line pumps
Listed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2.1, 4.7.1, A.4.7.1
Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.21, B.1.27
Multiple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.3.1, 4.14.7, 12.1.3.3.2, A.4.14.3.1
Sequence starting of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.3, 10.5.2.5, 12.7.2.4
Multistage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1, 6.1.1.2, 6.1.1.3
Piston plunger (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.12
Positive displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Positive displacement pumps
Pressure maintenance . . . . . . . . .see Pressure maintenance (jockey or
make-up) pumps
2010 Edition
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INDEX
20–104
Pressure maintenance (jockey or make-up) . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Pressure
maintenance (jockey or make-up) pumps
Priming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.19
Problems, causes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex B
Rotary lobe (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.15
Rotary vane (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.16
Single-stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1, 6.1.1.2, 6.1.1.3, A.6.1.1
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.6, A.4.7.6, B.1.30
Vertical lineshaft turbine . . . . . . .see Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps
Pump shaft rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.23, A.4.23, B.1.18
Purpose of standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
-QQualified person (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.39
-RRadiators . . . . . . . 11.2.8.8, 11.3.2.1(4), 11.3.2.4.3, A.11.3.2.3, A.11.3.2.4
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chap. 2, Annex C
Relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.7.2, 4.18, 4.25.4.1, 6.3.1,
A6.3.2(4) , A.4.7.7, A.4.7.7.2, A.4.18.1 to A.4.18.8,
A.6.3.1, A.14.2.5.1
Circulation relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1, A.6.3.1, A.14.2.5.1
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.5.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.5
Drainage, backflow prevention device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.27.2
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.2 to 8.4.4,
A.8.4.2 to A.8.4.4
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5.1(4)
Remote station, manual control at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.2.4, 12.7.2.3
Retroactivity of standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4
Rotary lobe pump (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.15
Rotary vane pump (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.16
-SScope of standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1, A.1.1
Screens
Suction pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.8, 7.3.4.3, A.4.14.8
Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4.5 to 7.2.4.11
Seals
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.4, 8.2.3
Rings improperly located in stuffing box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.20
Water seals, maintenance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.6
Seismic bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.5
Sequence starting of pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6.3, 10.5.2.5, 12.7.2.4
Series fire pump units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.19
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.40
Service (power source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.41, A.3.3.41
Service equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.3.1(1)
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.42, A.3.3.42
Service factor (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.43
Service personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.4, A.4.3.4
Set pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.7.3.2, A.4.7.7.3.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.44
Variable speed pressure
limiting control . . . . . . . . . 10.10.3.1, 10.10.8.3, A.10.10.3.1
Shaft rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Pump shaft rotation
Shafts, flexible connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Flexible connecting shafts
Shall (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4
Shop tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Tests
Should (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.5
Shutoff valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18.9, 4.30.5, 11.2.8.5.3.2,
11.2.8.5.3.3, 11.2.8.6.2, 11.2.8.6.3
Signal devices
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.1.2, 10.4.6,
10.4.7, A.10.4.6, A.10.4.7
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . 12.1.2, 12.4.2, 12.4.3, A.12.4.2.3(3)
Phase reversal indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.6.2, 10.4.7.2.3
2010 Edition
Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24, A.4.24
Break tank low liquid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.3.1.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.45, A.3.3.45
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.7.3, 10.4.7.1, 10.8.3.12.2
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1.3 to 12.4.1.5,
14.2.6.6, A.12.4.1.5.2
Engine running and crank termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.7.4.3
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.9
Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.7.1 ; see also Visible indicators
Single-stage pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1, 6.1.1.2, 6.1.1.3, A.6.1.1
SI units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6
Spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3.4, 14.5.2, A.14.5.2.3
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Variable speed pressure limiting control
Engine
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.46.1
Internal combustion engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28
Overspeed shutdown device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4.4
Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28, B.1.30
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.46.2
Rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.6, A.4.7.6, A.14.2.5.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.46.3
Steam turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28
Speed governor, steam turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2
Split-case pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Horizontal pumps
Sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1.3
Standard (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.6
Static liquid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.2, A.6.1.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.28.2
Steam supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21, 13.1.3.1, 13.3, A.13.3
Steam turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.2, 4.7.6, Chap. 13, A.4.7.6, B.1.26
Acceptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.1
Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.6
Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.2
Casing and other parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.1, A.13.2.1.1
Gauge and gauge connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.3
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3, A.13.3
Obstructed pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.32
Redundant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.3
Rotor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.4
Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.5
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28
Speed governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2
Steam consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.3, A.13.1.3
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5, 14.2.8.1, A.14.2.5
Steel pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Pipe
Storage batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Batteries, storage
Strainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Suction strainers
Engine cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.25
Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2(5)
Suction, vertical shaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.4
Stuffing boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.5, B.1.7, B.1.20
Suction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Net positive suction head
Backflow preventers, evaluation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.27.4.1, 4.27.4.2
Static suction lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.2, A.6.1.2
Total suction head (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.5
Total suction lift (hl) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.54
Suction pipe and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3, 4.14, A.4.14.1 to A.4.14.10
Devices in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.9, 4.27.3, 4.27.4.3, A.4.14.9
Elbows and tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.6.3
Freeze protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.6.2
Pressure maintenance pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25.5.1
Problems, causes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.1 to B.1.3
Strain relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.6.5
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16.1
Suction pressure gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10.2, 4.27.4.2, 8.4.1, A.4.10.2
Suction reservoir, discharge to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18.8, A.4.18.8
Suction screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.8, A.4.14.8
Suction strainers
Positive displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.5, A.8.4.5
Vertical shaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.4
Sump, vertical shaft turbine-type pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4.3.7
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20–105
INDEX
Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Isolating switches; Transfer switches
Electronic control module (ECM)
selector switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.4.2.3, A.11.2.4.2.3.6
Locked cabinets for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.4
Pressure switch, pressure sensing line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30.6
System designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.2, A.4.3.2(2)
System installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3, A.4.3.3(2)
-TTachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.5.2
Tanks
Break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Break tanks
Fuel supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28.1, 11.4.1.2, 11.4.2,
A.4.28.1, A.11.4.1.2.1, A.11.4.2
Water supply, high-rise buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4, 5.7
Temperature gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.5.4
Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Field acceptance tests; Water flow test devices
Aquifer performance analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.7.2.1.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3
Component replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5, A.14.5.2.3
Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.3, 10.1.2.6
Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.6, A.14.2.6.1
Engine drive controllers, manual testing of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.3.2
Pressure switch-actuated automatic controller . . . . . . . . . 10.5.2.1.6
Rated in excess of 600 Volts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6
Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.10
Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4, 8.9, 14.2.5.2, 14.2.5.4.3, 14.2.7.3.1, A.14.2.5.2.3
High-rise buildings, fire pumps for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4
Hydrostatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22.2, 14.1, A.14.1.3 to A.14.5.2.3
Loads start test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5.5
Metering devices or fixed nozzles for . . . . . . . . . . 4.20.2.1, 8.9.2, 8.9.3
Momentary test switch, alternate power source . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.13
Periodic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4
Shop (preshipment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5, 4.22, 10.1.2.3, 14.2.4.2
Suction pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.2
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . 7.6.1, A.7.6.1.1, A.7.6.1.4
Vertical lineshaft turbine pump wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.7, A.7.2.7
Timer, weekly program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.2.7
Tools, special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3.3
Total discharge head (hd) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.2
Total head (H)
Horizontal pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.14.2.5.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.3.1, A.3.3.23.3.1
Vertical turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2, A.14.2.5.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.3.2, A.3.3.23.3.2
Totally enclosed motors
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.9
Fan-cooled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.8
Nonventilated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5.2.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.32.10
Total rated head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.4
Total suction head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22.2.2
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.5
Total suction lift (hl) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.54
Trade sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6.5
Transfer switches . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2, 10.1.1.1, 10.4.8, 10.8, A.4.4.1, A.10.8
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Automatic transfer switches
Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.1, 10.1.2.4
Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Manual transfer switches
Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.2, A.10.1.2.2
Nonpressure-actuated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.1.2, 10.5.2.2
Pressure-actuated . . . 10.5.1.2, 10.5.2.1.1, 10.6.4, 12.7.2.1.1, 14.2.6.6
Service arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2.6
Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2(5)
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex B
Turbine pumps, vertical lineshaft . . . . . . . . .see Vertical lineshaft turbine
pumps
Turbines, steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Steam turbines
-UUndervoltage-sensing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.6
Units, pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Fire pump units
Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6
Unloader valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3.4, 8.3.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.6
-VValves . . . . . . . .see also Butterfly valves; Check valves; Dump valves; Gate
valves; Hose valves; Relief valves
Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16.1
Discharge pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15.6 to 4.15.9, A.4.15.6, A.4.15.9.3
Emergency governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.8
Fill/refill, water tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7.3
Fuel solenoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.4.6, 12.7.3.2
Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16.1
Low suction throttling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.9.2(2), 4.15.9
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.2
Main throttle, steam turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.1.3
Pressure control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.13.2.1.1
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.3
Pressure-reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.13.3
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.4
Shutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18.9, 4.30.5, 11.2.8.5.3.2,
11.2.8.5.3.3, 11.2.8.6.2, 11.2.8.6.3
Supervision of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16, A.4.16
Unloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3.4, 8.3.5
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.55.6
Variable speed pressure limiting control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7.7.3, 4.18.1.3,
10.5.2.1.7.5, 10.10, 11.2.4.3, 14.2.5.3, 14.2.5.4.7.4,
A.4.7.7.3.2, A.10.10, A.11.2.4.2.3.6
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.56
Variable speed suction limiting control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10, 11.2.4.3,
A.10.10, A.11.2.4.2.3.6
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.57
Variable speed vertical pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.3, 10.10.12
Velocity head (hv) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.6, A.3.3.23.6
Ventilation of pump room/house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.6, 11.3.2, A.11.3.2
Vertical hollow shaft motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1.5, 7.5.1.7.2
Vertical in-line pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28.3
Vertical lineshaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1, Chap. 7; see also Wells,
vertical shaft turbine pumps
Bowl assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.3
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2
Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2, A.7.3.2.1
Consolidated formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.5, A.7.2.5
Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.2, 10.10.12
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.37.17
Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5, 7.6.1.6, 9.5.1.9, 11.2.3.2
Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5, A.7.3.5.3
Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.1, A.7.3.1
Total head (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2, A.14.2.5.4
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.23.3.2, A.3.3.23.3.2
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4, A.7.1, A.7.4
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6.2
Oil-lubricated type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2.4 to 7.3.2.6, A.7.1.1
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6.1, A.7.6.1.1, A.7.6.1.4
Pump house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.4.12
Shaft rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.4.23
Shop test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22.2.5
Submergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2, A.7.2.2.1, A.7.2.2.2
Suction strainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.4
Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.7.1.1
Unconsolidated formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4
Water supply . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1, 7.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.2.1.1 to A.7.2.7, B.1.19
Vibration, pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6.1.5
Visible indicators
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.5.7.3, 10.4.6.1, 10.6.6.2 to
10.6.6.4, 10.8.3.8, 10.8.3.12.2, A.10.4.5.7
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1.1 to 12.4.1.4, A.12.4.1.2
2010 Edition
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20–106
Voltage
Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.28
Rated motor voltage different from line voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.31
Voltage drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.6, 9.4, A.9.4
Voltage-sensing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8.3.7
Voltage surge arresters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4.1, A.10.4.1
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.5, A.14.2.5.4
Vortex plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14.10, A.4.14.10
-W-
--`````,`,,,`,`,,```,`,,`,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Waste outlet, heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.8.7
Water flow test devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.20, A.4.20.1.1 to A.4.20.3.4(2)
Water level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Liquid level
Water mist system pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3, 8.4.4, A.8.3.1, A.8.4.4
Water pressure control . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5.2.1, 10.6.4, 12.7.2.1, A.10.5.2.1
Water supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see Liquid supplies
Wearing rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.9, B.1.19
Weekly program timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.2.7
Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13.6, A.4.13.6
Wells, vertical shaft turbine pumps
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.3
Developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.6
Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2.1, Fig. A.7.1.1, A.7.2.2.1, Fig. A.7.2.2.1
Problems, causes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.4
Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4.5 to 7.2.4.11
Test and inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.7, A.7.2.7
Tubular wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4.16
In unconsolidated formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4
Water level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.3
Wet pits
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.59
Installation of vertical shaft turbine pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2.2,
7.4.3.7, A.7.2.1.1, A.7.2.2.2, Fig. A.7.2.2.2
Suction strainer requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.4.3
Water level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.3
Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see also Disconnecting means
Electric-drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3.4
Engine drive controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.6, 12.3.5, A.11.2.6.2
Field acceptance tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.3
Packaged fire pump assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.29.2
Problems of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1.31, B.1.32
2010 Edition
09
10
11
12
6
5
4
3
2
1
Cou/W
Formal Interpretation
NFPA 20
Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
2010 Edition
Reference: 10.4.3, 10.4.4
F.I. 83-1
Question 1: Is it the intent to allow continuous 300 percent of full load current electrical
overloading of the fire pump feeder circuits, including transformers, disconnects or other devices on
this circuit?
Answer:
a) Relative to protective devices in the fire pump feeder circuit, such devices shall not open under
locked rotor currents.
b) Relative to the isolating means and the circuit breaker of the fire pump controller, it is the intent
of 10.4.3 to permit 300 percent of full load motor current to flow continuously through these devices
until an electrical failure occurs. [This statement also applies to the motor starter of the fire pump
controller, but this device is not in the feeder (see Section 3.3).]
c) Relative to all devices other than those cited above, refer to NFPA 70 for sizing.
Question 2: If the answer to Question 1 is no, what is meant by “setting the circuit breaker at 300
percent of full load current”?
Answer: The phrase “setting the circuit breaker at 300 percent of full load current” means that the
circuit breaker will not open (as a normal operation) at 300 percent of full load current. It does not
mean that the circuit breaker can pass 300 percent of full load current without ultimately failing from
overheating.
Question 3: What is meant by “calibrated up to and set at 300 percent” of motor full load current?
Answer: Question 2 answers the “set at 300 percent” of motor full load current. “Calibrated up
to 300 percent” of motor full load current means that calibration at approximately 300 percent is
provided by the manufacturer of the circuit breaker.
Issue Edition: 1983
Reference: 6-3.5, 7-4.3
Date: January 1983
Copyright  2009 All Rights Reserved
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION
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Sequence of Events Leading to Issuance
of an NFPA Committee Document
Step 1: Call for Proposals
•Proposed new Document or new edition of an existing
Document is entered into one of two yearly revision cycles, and a Call for Proposals is published.
Committee Membership Classifications
The following classifications apply to Technical Committee members and represent their principal interest in the
activity of the committee.
M
U
Step 2: Report on Proposals (ROP)
•Committee meets to act on Proposals, to develop its own
I/M
Proposals, and to prepare its Report.
•Committee votes by written ballot on Proposals. If two-
thirds approve, Report goes forward. Lacking two-thirds
approval, Report returns to Committee.
•Report on Proposals (ROP) is published for public review and comment.
L
R/T
Step 3: Report on Comments (ROC)
•Committee meets to act on Public Comments to develop
E
its own Comments, and to prepare its report.
•Committee votes by written ballot on Comments. If two-
thirds approve, Report goes forward. Lacking two-thirds
approval, Report returns to Committee.
•Report on Comments (ROC) is published for public review.
Step 4: Technical Report Session
•“Notices of intent to make a motion” are filed, are reviewed,
and valid motions are certified for presentation at the
Technical Report Session. (“Consent Documents” that
have no certified motions bypass the Technical Report
Session and proceed to the Standards Council for issuance.)
•NFPA membership meets each June at the Annual Meeting Technical Report Session and acts on Technical
Committee Reports (ROP and ROC) for Documents
with “certified amending motions.”
•Committee(s) vote on any amendments to Report approved at NFPA Annual Membership Meeting.
Step 5: Standards Council Issuance
•Notification of intent to file an appeal to the Standards
Council on Association action must be filed within 20
days of the NFPA Annual Membership Meeting.
•Standards Council decides, based on all evidence,
whether or not to issue Document or to take other action, including hearing any appeals.
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I
C
SE
Manufacturer: A representative of a maker or marketer of a product, assembly, or system, or portion
thereof, that is affected by the standard.
User: A representative of an entity that is subject to
the provisions of the standard or that voluntarily
uses the standard.
Installer/Maintainer: A representative of an entity
that is in the business of installing or maintaining
a product, assembly, or system affected by the standard.
Labor: A labor representative or employee concerned with safety in the workplace.
Applied Research/Testing Laboratory: A representative
of an independent testing laboratory or independent applied research organization that promulgates and/or enforces standards.
Enforcing Authority: A representative of an agency
or an organization that promulgates and/or enforces standards.
Insurance: A representative of an insurance company, broker, agent, bureau, or inspection agency.
Consumer: A person who is, or represents, the ultimate purchaser of a product, system, or service
affected by the standard, but who is not included
in the User classification.
Special Expert: A person not representing any of
the previous classifications, but who has a special
expertise in the scope of the standard or portion
thereof.
NOTES;
1. “Standard” connotes code, standard, recommended
practice, or guide.
2. A representative includes an employee.
3. While these classifications will be used by the Standards
Council to achieve a balance for Technical Committees,
the Standards Council may determine that new classifications of members or unique interests need representation in order to foster the best possible committee deliberations on any project. In this connection, the Standards
Council may make appointments as it deems appropriate
in the public interest, such as the classification of “Utilities” in the National Electrical Code Committee.
4. Representatives of subsidiaries of any group are generally considered to have the same classification as the parent organization.
NFPA Document Proposal Form
NOTE: All Proposals must be received by 5:00 pm EST/EDST on the published Proposal Closing Date.
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
For further information on the standards-making process, please contact the Codes
and Standards Administration at 617-984-7249 or visit www.nfpa.org/codes.
Log #:
For technical assistance, please call NFPA at 1-800-344-3555.
Date Rec’d:
Please indicate in which format you wish to receive your ROP/ROC
electronic
paper
download
(Note: If choosing the download option, you must view the ROP/ROC from our website; no copy will be sent to you.)
Date
April 1, 200X
Company
Name
Tel. No.
John J. Doe
Email
Air Canada Pilot's Association
Street Address
123 Summer Street Lane
716-555-1234
City
Lewiston
State
NY
Zip
14092
***If you wish to receive a hard copy, a street address MUST be provided. Deliveries cannot be made to PO boxes.
Please indicate organization represented (if any)
1. (a) NFPA Document Title
(b) Section/Paragraph
2.
NFPA No. & Year
National Fuel Gas Code
54, 200X Edition
3.3
Proposal Recommends (check one):
new text
revised text
deleted text
3. Proposal (include proposed new or revised wording, or identification of wording to be deleted): [Note: Proposed text should
be in legislative format; i.e., use underscore to denote wording to be inserted (inserted wording) and strike-through to denote wording to
be deleted (deleted wording).]
Revise definition of effective ground-fault current path to read:
3.3.78 Effective Ground-Fault Current Path. An intentionally constructed, permanent, low impedance electrically conductive path
designed and intended to carry underground electric fault current conditions from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system to the
electrical supply source.
4. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Proposal: (Note: State the problem that would be resolved by your
recommendation; give the specific reason for your Proposal, including copies of tests, research papers, fire experience, etc. If more
than 200 words, it may be abstracted for publication.)
Change uses proper electrical terms.
5. Copyright Assignment
(a)
I am the author of the text or other material (such as illustrations, graphs) proposed in the Proposal.
(b)
Some or all of the text or other material proposed in this Proposal was not authored by me. Its source is as
follows: (please identify which material and provide complete information on its source)
ABC Co.
I hereby grant and assign to the NFPA all and full rights in copyright in this Proposal and understand that I acquire no rights in any publication of NFPA
in which this Proposal in this or another similar or analogous form is used. Except to the extent that I do not have authority to make an assignment in
materials that I have identified in (b) above, I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Proposal and that I have full power and authority to enter into
this assignment.
Signature (Required)
PLEASE USE SEPARATE FORM FOR EACH PROPOSAL
Mail to: Secretary, Standards Council ∙ National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park ∙ Quincy, MA 02169-7471 OR
Fax to: (617) 770-3500 OR Email to: [email protected]
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6/11/2009
NFPA Document Proposal Form
NOTE: All Proposals must be received by 5:00 pm EST/EDST on the published Proposal Closing Date.
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
For further information on the standards-making process, please contact the Codes
and Standards Administration at 617-984-7249 or visit www.nfpa.org/codes.
Log #:
For technical assistance, please call NFPA at 1-800-344-3555.
Date Rec’d:
Please indicate in which format you wish to receive your ROP/ROC
electronic
paper
download
(Note: If choosing the download option, you must view the ROP/ROC from our website; no copy will be sent to you.)
Date
Name
Tel. No.
Company
Email
Street Address
City
State
Zip
***If you wish to receive a hard copy, a street address MUST be provided. Deliveries cannot be made to PO boxes.
Please indicate organization represented (if any)
1. (a) NFPA Document Title
NFPA No. & Year
(b) Section/Paragraph
2.
Proposal Recommends (check one):
new text
revised text
deleted text
3. Proposal (include proposed new or revised wording, or identification of wording to be deleted): [Note: Proposed text should
be in legislative format; i.e., use underscore to denote wording to be inserted (inserted wording) and strike-through to denote wording to
be deleted (deleted wording).]
4. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Proposal: (Note: State the problem that would be resolved by your
recommendation; give the specific reason for your Proposal, including copies of tests, research papers, fire experience, etc. If more
than 200 words, it may be abstracted for publication.)
5. Copyright Assignment
(a)
I am the author of the text or other material (such as illustrations, graphs) proposed in the Proposal.
(b)
Some or all of the text or other material proposed in this Proposal was not authored by me. Its source is as
follows: (please identify which material and provide complete information on its source)
I hereby grant and assign to the NFPA all and full rights in copyright in this Proposal and understand that I acquire no rights in any publication of NFPA
in which this Proposal in this or another similar or analogous form is used. Except to the extent that I do not have authority to make an assignment in
materials that I have identified in (b) above, I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Proposal and that I have full power and authority to enter into
this assignment.
Signature (Required)
PLEASE USE SEPARATE FORM FOR EACH PROPOSAL
Mail to: Secretary, Standards Council ∙ National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park ∙ Quincy, MA 02169-7471 OR
Fax to: (617) 770-3500 OR Email to: [email protected]
6/11/2009
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NFPA 20 Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection

Transcription

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