Technical Guideline

Technical Guideline
A. Description
1. Definition and scope
ISM Sismo is a permanent insulating shuttering kit for whole buildings (walls including basement
walls, floors, roofs and their connections), to be filled on site with concrete (reinforced or not).
The ISM Sismo module is composed of a tridimensional lattice made of galvanized steel wire, which
is closed on both sides, inside and outside, with strips of insulating or non-insulating material.
Alternatively, insulating panels can be added and fixed to the side of the module.
(see figures 1 to 19)
The choice for a certain type of module will depend on the required properties of the finished wall or
floor as there are structural, thermal, hygrothermal, acoustic performance, fire resistance and reaction
to fire.
The shuttering kit is manufactured in the ISM Sism Production Station according to the specific
requirements and assembled on the construction site. If applicable the necessary reinforcement to
withstand the load to which the final ISM Sismo wall or floor will be subjected, are inserted in the
tridimensional frame. Next the concrete is poured in the free space between the insulating strips.
The stability of the final ISM Sismo wall is entirely assured by the concrete. The steel wire lattice and
infill strips only provide stability during the provisional phase of pouring and maintaining fresh
concrete. Furthermore the lattice acts as an armature and as an anchoring for the cladding or rendering.
2. Operating method
Projects can either be directly designed in the ISM Sismo property software sisCAD™ or
architectural drawings can be converted into production and site drawings using sisCAD™. The ISM
Sismo layout plan is checked and approved by the customer before production
After manufacturing, ISM Sismo modules and accessories are transported to and unloaded on the
building site, keeping in mind to limit stress on the modules during handling. The acceptance of the
goods is done at the delivery on site by the customer or his representative by checking the quality and
quantities and their correspondence with the order.
Assistance and technical training is carried out by technicians who master the ISM Sismo process.
They train the customer or his subcontractor in all aspects related to the mounting of the ISM Sismo
modules.
3. Material characteristics
3.1. Steel wire
Hot galvanized steel wire.
The Ø of the wires and the rings: 2,2 ± 0,03 mm
The tensile strength of the wire: 680 - 830 N/mm², according to EN 10002-1
The identification of the steel wire:
Type 1.0304 or C9D according EN 10016-1.
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Chemical composition: C9D : C ≤ 0,10 % ; Mn ≤ 0.3 % ; Si ≤ 0,6 % ; P : 0.035 % max ; S : 0.035 %
max. ; Cr : 0.25% max. ; Ni : 0.25% max. ; Mo : 0.08% max. ; Cu : 0.3 % max.
Stainless steel: 1.4310 or X10CrNi18-8 austenitic steel according to EN 10088-1.
Galvanization according to EN 10244 part 1 and 2: class D and the rendering cover of the wires is at
least 5 mm.
The shear strength of the welding: rupture > 1400 N (ISO 10287)
When the concrete is hardened, the durability of the steel wire is necessary only in those
applications where the adhesion of the finishing depend on it (in addition to the adhesion between
concrete and insulation and between insulation and the rendering).
Tolerances on the dimensions of the modules: ± 0,2 cm on the width, ± 0,5 cm on the height and ± 0.1
cm on the thickness of the modules.
3.2. Rings
Rings are used to hold the panels together during installation phase, casting and curing of concrete, see
figure 1.
3.3. Insulation strips and panels
Expanded polystyrene (EPS): EN 13163 “Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory
made products of expanded polystyrene – Specification”
Fiber cement board (FCB): EN 12467 “Fiber-cement flat sheets - Product specification and
test methods.”
Mineral wool (MW): EN 13162 “Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made
mineral wool products – Specification”
Wood based hardboard (HDF): EN 13986 : “Wood-based panels for use in construction Characteristics, evaluation of conformity and marking”; EN 622-1: “Fibreboards,
Specifications - Part 1 General requirements”; EN 622-2 : “Fibreboards, Specifications - Part
2 Requirements for hardboards”
Cardboard (CB): ASTM D 828 “Standard test method for tensile properties of paper and
paperboard using constant-rate-of-elongation apparatus”; ASTM D 829 “Standard test
methods for wet tensile breaking strength of paper and paper products”; EN ISO 534: “Paper
and board - Determination of thickness, density and specific volume”; ISO 535: “Paper and
board - Determination of water absorptiveness -- Cobb method”; EN ISO 12625-4: “Tissue
paper and tissue products. Determination of tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy
absorption”; EN ISO 12625-5: “Tissue paper and tissue products. Determination of wet tensile
strength”. Minimum requirements can be found in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 Characteristics insulation strips
Material
characteristics
Expanded
polystyrene
(EPS)
Fiber cement
board (FCB)
Mineral wool
(MW)
Wood based
hardboard
(HDF) type
HB.E
Cardboard
(CB)
Dimensions :
length x width x
thickness (cm)
120,0 x 14,8 x
3,8 or 7,8 or 11,8
or 15.8 or 19.8
120,0 x 14,8 x
0,3
120,0 x 14,8 x
3,8 or 7,8
120,0 cm x
14,8 cm x 0,32
cm
120,0 x
14,8 x 0.52
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Tolerance (EN
Tolerance:
Tolerance (EN
822, EN 823) : l,
w and t : -0.1 to
+ 0 cm
822, EN 823) : l, Tolerance (EN
w and t : -0.1 to + 324-1) : l, w
0 cm
and t: - 0,1 to
+ 0 cm
l, w and t :
- 0,1 to + 0
cm
Squareness
≤ 3 mm / 500
mm (EN 824)
≤ 3 mm / 500
mm (EN 824)
≤ 3 mm / 500
mm (EN 3242)
≤ 3 mm /
500 mm
Apparent density
(kg/m³)
Walls ≥ 20 to ≤
30 / Floors ≥ 15
(EN 1602)
1300 (EN
12467)
≥ 100 (EN 1602)
≥ 800 (EN
323)
≥ 200
Compression
strength (10%
deformation)
(N/mm²)
Walls ≥ 0,1 /
Floors ≥ 0,06
(EN 826)
No
performance
determined
(NPD)
0,02 (thickness<
50 mm) 0,04
(thickness ≥ 50
mm) (EN 826)
NPD
NPD
Resistance to
penetration of
steel wires
Passes
Passes
Passes
Passes
Passes
Bending strength
(N/mm²)
Walls ≥ 0,15 /
Floors ≥ 0.1 (EN
12089)
13 (EN 12467)
≥ 0,15 (EN
12089)
≥ 40 (EN 310)
≥ 0,10
Tensile strength
(10%
deformation) –
Internal bond
≥ 0,080 (EN
1607)
≥ 0,080 (EN
1607)
≥ 0,700 (EN
319)
≥ 0,4
(ASTM D
829)
Reaction to fire
(Euroclass)
E (EN 13501-1)
A2-s2, d0 (EN
13501-1)
A1 (EN 13501-1)
NPD
NPD
Thermal
conductivity
(W/mK) (λ)
Walls ≤ 0.033 /
Floors ≤ 0.038
0,16
≤ 0,045 (EN
12667)
≤ 0,14 (EN
12524)
≤ 0,14
Water vapour
diffusion
resistance index µ
30 to 70
≤ 80 (EN
12572)
≈ 1,3 (EN 12524
or EN 12086)
10 (EN 12524
or EN 12086)
NPD
Water absorption
≤ 1,5% (EN
12087)
≤ 1,5% (EN
12087)
300 g/m² (EN
382-2)
≈ 1500
g/m²
Dimensional
stability
≤ 0,5 % (EN
1604)
≤ 0,5 % (EN
1604)
0.25 l. and 0.1
t (EN 318)
NPD
Swelling
Not relevant
≤ 12% (EN
317)
NPD
NPD
Length of strips varies from 20.5 cm till 120 cm in multiples of 10 cm so that they can be supported on
both ends by 2D-lattices. Distance between 2 outer 2D-lattices of a standard module varies from 119.5
cm to 119.7 cm
Table 2 Characteristics insulation panels Plus and interjoists
Material characteristics
Expanded polystyrene (EPS)
Dimensions : length x width x
Panels 120 x 45 x 4 or 8 or 12 or 16 or 20 / Interjoists 120 x 45
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thickness (cm)
x 10 or 15 or 20 (EN 822, EN 823)
Squareness
≤ 3 mm / 500 mm (EN 824)
Apparent density (kg/m³)
Panels ≥ 20 à ≤ 30 / Interjoists ≥ 15 (EN 1602)
Compression strength (10%
deformation) (N/mm²)
Panels ≥ 0,1 / Interjoists ≥ 0,06 (EN 826)
Resistance to penetration of steel
wires
Passes
Bending strength (N/mm²)
Panels ≥ 0,15 / Interjoists ≥ 0,1 (EN 12089)
Tensile strength (10% deformation)
– Internal bond
≥ 0,08 (EN 1607)
Reaction to fire (Euroclass)
E (EN 13501-1)
Thermal conductivity (W/mK) (λ)
Panels ≤ 0,033 / Interjoists ≤ 0,038
Water vapour diffusion resistance
index µ
30 à 70
Water absorption
≤ 1,5% (EN 12087)
Dimensional stability
≤ 0,5% (EN 1604)
3.4. Cast-in-place Concrete
The consistence class of concrete for an ISM Sismo wall should be at least a slump class S4 according
to EN 206-1, for ISM Sismo floors and roofs it should be at least a slump class S3.
The most suitable concrete for an ISM Sismo wall is a self-compacting concrete with a slump flow
class SF1 according to EN 206-9, for this type no extra measures are needed to ensure adequate
compaction of the concrete.
The compressive strength class is at least C20/25 for exposure class XC1, the thickness of the concrete
shall be at least 10 cm.
The size of the aggregates is function of the thickness of the concrete, the amount of reinforcement
and the possible use of a pump device. The minimum size of the filler sections reported to the relevant
properties of concrete is assumed to be in accordance with the following table:
Table 3 Aggregate size and consistence class in function of the filling section
Minimum dimension of the filling section
Characteristics concrete according to EN 206-1
<12 cm
Maximum aggregate size 8 mm, class of flow ≥
F5
12 cm ≤ section size < 14 cm
Maximum aggregate size 16 mm, class of flow ≥
F4 (≥ F3 for slabs with open lattice )
≥ 14 cm
Maximum aggregate size 22 mm (32 mm for
floor modules), class of flow ≥ F4 (≥ F2 for slabs
with open lattice)
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3.5. Type of modules
Depending on the internal and external shuttering material one can divide ISM Sismo walls into 7
types (figures 5 to 11):
Inside and outside insulation strips symmetrical and asymmetrical
Inside board and outside insulation strips
Inside and outside board strips
Inside and outside insulation strips and outside Plus insulation panels
Inside board and outside insulation strips and outside Plus insulation panels
2 ISM Sismo walls decoupled and insulated for an optimized acoustic performance, this type
is typically used as separating wall between apartments and houses
Module with insulation strips as core material
ISM Sismo floors and roofs can be divided into 3 types: plain, one and two-way girder slabs.
4. Description of the components
4.1.
Steel lattice
The steel wire frame, framework of the ISM Sismo wall, is available in panels of different dimensions,
see figures 2 to 4 :
- Height: a multiple of 15 cm, with a maximum of 12 m
- Length: a multiple of 10 cm, with a maximum of 1,2 m
- Thickness: maximum 50 cm.
Table 4 Dimensions of the module
Dimensions of the module
4.2.
Maximum (cm)
Width
Multiple of 10 cm
120
Height
Multiple of 15 cm
1200
Thickness
Depends on the type of wall, roof
50
Insulation strips, interjoists and panels
See figures 1 to 19.
The strips have 3 functions :
Maintain fresh concrete during the provisional phase of pouring
Thermal insulation in final phase
Support of interior and exterior finishing
The strips have fixed dimensions according to Table 1 and can be foreseen of a tongue and groove: 10
mm x 15 mm (h x w) for strips of 3.8 cm, 15 mm x 20 mm for EPS strips of 7.8 cm and 11.8 cm or
bigger for EPS thicker than 11.8 cm.
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The Plus panels have 2 functions:
Thermal insulation in final phase
Support of exterior finishing
The panels have fixed dimensions (length 120 cm, width 45 cm). They are available in various
thicknesses (up to 50 cm), plain or with a "waffle" structure (10 cm by 7.5 cm) where the groove has a
depth of 1.5 cm and a width of 1 cm. The waffle structure ensures a good grip on the metal frame of
the modules.
The interjoists have 2 functions:
Creation of ribs in order to create a one or two-way girder-slab floor
Thermal insulation in final phase
The interjoists have fixed dimensions (length 120 cm, width 45 cm) but can be cut in length to a
multiple of 10 cm and width to a multiple of 15 cm. They are available in various thicknesses: 10 cm,
15 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm. They have a "waffle" structure (10 cm by 7.5 cm), the groove has a depth of
3 cm and a width of 1 cm. Their shape ensures a good grip on the metal frame of the floor modules.
Schematic diagram of an ISM Sismo one way girder floor :
The center to center distance between the ribs is a multiple of 15cm;
The width of the ribs is 15cm or a multiple thereof.
Schematic diagram of an ISM Sismo two-way girder-slab floor is shown below.
The center to center distance between the ribs is a multiple of 15 cm;
The width of the ribs is 15 cm or a multiple thereof;
The center to center distance between the ribs is a multiple of 10 cm;
The width of the ribs is 10 cm or a multiple thereof.
4.3.
Production of ISM Sismo modules
The production of ISM Sismo modules happens in the ISM Sismo Production Station or SPS™
The main stages of production include:
• The unwinding of steel wire reels
• The cutting and straightening of steel wire
• The assembly and welding of two-dimensional lattices
• The assembly and welding of tri-dimensional lattices
• The cutting of insulation strips, interjoists and panels
• The insertion of the insulating strips into the tri-dimensional lattice at the lateral intervals intended
for this purpose
The fixing of Plus panels and placing of interjoists on respectively ISM Sismo walls and floors
happens on site. Plus panels are installed according to the specifications of paragraph 12.5, after
hardening of concrete.
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The production happens according to an internal factory production control plan, which addresses the
requirements of the European Technical Approval 01/0001 (ETA 01/0001).
There is a permanent internal control of production. All the parts, requirements and provisions adopted
by the manufacturer are documented in a systematic manner in the form of written policies and
procedures. The FPC ensures that the product is in conformity with the ETA.
The manufacturer only uses wires, EPS, MW, HDF, CB and FCB.
Checking of incoming materials, includes control of the documents presented by suppliers
(comparison with nominal values).
Conformity checks are made on incoming materials, and at regular stages throughout the production
sequence to ensure the conformity and fitness of the components.
Only after control of the dimensions of the modules and the conformity of the welding points, the
strips may be integrated. This inspection includes a continuous visual inspection, and a sampling
program for measuring of the dimensions and the welding strength, according to the prescribed test
plan.
The results of the FPC are recorded and evaluated. The records include at least the following
information:
- Designation;
- Type of control or testing;
- Date of manufacture and date of testing;
- Results of control and testing and, where appropriate, comparison with requirements;
- Signature of person responsible for factory production control.
4.4.
Accessories
The accessories needed for the erection of ISM Sismo walls on construction site are as following:
ISM Sismo specific accessories:
o struts: to support ISM Sismo panels during installation and pouring of concrete
(maximum distance of 2 m between 2 struts), see figure 20;
o Hollow profiles: to support ISM Sismo panels during installation and pouring of
concrete, see red hollow profiles in figure 23;
o U-profiles:. to connect the hollow profiles with the horizontal steel wire for supporting
the ISM Sismo panels during pouring of the concrete, see figures 20 to 24;
o Stapler: to connect the ISM Sismo panels (7 rings per linear meter, on each side of the
wall, back and front), see figure 25;
o Rings: to connect the ISM Sismo panels (7 rings per linear meter, on each side of the
wall, back and front), see figure 1;
o Cutter: necessary to cut the steel wire at the openings (doors, ceiling, etc..) after
hardening of the concrete, see figure 27;
Loop ties and Tie Twister for securing the reinforcement bars to the metal frame, see figure
26;
Boards 3cm/12cm: for properly alignment of the walls;
Props for ISM Sismo floors, see figures 28 and 29;
Shuttering boards (e.g. OSB, MDF, …) as support for ISM Sismo floors in order to spread the
concentrated loads of the vertical props. The number of vertical props can be reduced by using
load spreading beams, see figures 28 and 29;
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Ladder with a height corresponding to at least the height of the module;
Plumb rule of 2 meter length;
Plummet for the alignment of the walls (powder);
Trowel: to smooth the concrete at the top of the wall;
Wheelbarrow
Brace and a 12 mm bit for fixing struts into concrete
Anchorage bolts for struts;
5. Hygiene, health and the environment
The kit does not contain materials which use is restricted according to The Directive on Dangerous
Substances. The materials of the kit are resistant to the growth of fungi and other microorganisms
under the normal temperature and humidity conditions.
As described in paragraph 6 the designer shall consider the relevant needs for ventilation, heating and
insulation to avoid condensation in service, which may lead to unacceptable growth of microorganisms (long-term effects). Infestation by vermin is not encouraged as there are no voids within the
system.
6. Hygrothermal performance
The risk for surface and interstitial condensation can be minimized by doing one or more of the
following :
Obtain low vapour pressures by ventilation and/or reduced moisture input to the building
Obtain high surface temperatures by providing more insulation and/or increasing the heat
input
Use less thermal resistance near to the warmer side of the construction
Use higher vapour resistance near to the warmer side of the construction
ISM Sismo modules have typically more external than internal insulation. One can deviate from this
principle if calculation of the surface and interstitial condensation according to ISO 13788 shows
there’s no risk.
The occupation of buildings, with associated activities and processes, produces moisture. This needs to
be removed to outside air by ventilation, to avoid high relative humidity that can result in problems of
condensation and mold growth.
From the point of view of controlling condensation, the ideal ventilation system will provide either:
finely controllable background ventilation; and mechanical extraction of water vapour from
moisture producing areas such as kitchens and bathrooms; or
continuous ventilation either by use of passive stack ventilation or a mechanical ventilation
system.
Minimum ventilation rates depend on the region and can be found in local standards.
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7. Resistance to fire
The resistance to fire can be derived from the thickness of the concrete as described in standard EN
1992-1-2 and Annex C of European Technical Approval Guideline n°9, and assessed according to
following table:
Table 5 Resistance to fire classification of ISM Sismo walls
Minimal thickness of concrete (mm) 100 110 120 150 180 230 Example ISM Sismo wall Resistance to fire load bearing wall Resistance non load bearing wall S20_4EPS_4EPS S20_FC_8EPS S30_4EPS_12EPS S25_4EPS_4EPS+8EPS S20_FC_FC S25_FC_FC REI 30 REI 60 REI 90 REI 120 REI 180 REI 240 EI 90 EI 90 EI 120 EI 180 EI 240 EI 240 8. Reaction to fire
Depending on the application, the reaction to fire class of an ISM Sismo panel can be adjusted by
changing either the infill material or using a protective screen.
9. Thermal insulation
As an example thermal resistance for some configurations of ISM Sismo walls can be found in table 6.
The thermal resistance of these walls has been calculated according to standard EN ISO 6946.
Table 6 Thermal resistance for some finished ISM Sismo walls
1
ISM Sismo wall
ISM Sismo wall
R (m²K/W)
R (m²K/W)
S25_4EPS_4EPS+8EPS
4.73
S25_4EPS_4EPS+12EPS
6.01
S35_4EPS_12EPS
4.2
S25_4EPS_4EPS+16EPS
7.28
S40_4EPS_20EPS
6.12
S25_4EPS_4EPS+20EPS
8.56
10.
Thermal inertia
The values for the heat capacity of the concrete, expanded polystyrene and fibrocement are given in
standard EN ISO 12524.
In table 7 the inertia effect of some finished ISM Sismo walls is given and calculated according to EN
ISO 13786.
Table 7 Thermal inertia for some ISM Sismo walls
Decrement delay
1
Included thermal insulation for interior rendering λ = 0.18 W/mK (gypsum insulating plaster, Table 3 ISO
10456), for exterior rendering λ = 1 W/mK (cement, sand, Table 3 ISO 10456), for concrete λ = 1.35 W/mK
(medium weight, Table 3 ISO 10456). Thermal insulation λ taken for EPS = 0.031 W/mK and steel = 50 W/mK
Page 9 of 39
S25_4EPS_4EPS+12EPS
9h 27 min
S25_FC_4EPS+16EPS
9h 43 min
S30_4EPS_4EPS+12EPS
10h 39 min
11.
Sound insulation
A ISM Sismo wall can be used to meet the regulations regarding sound insulation.
As an example some values of the sound reduction index can be found in table 8.
Table 8 Sound reduction index for some ISM Sismo walls
Rw (C ; CTR) (dB)
S25_4EPS_4EPS+8EPS
52 (-2, -5)
S20_FC_4EPS
51 (-1 ;-4)
S10_4MW_S10
62 (-1 ; -3)
The module S10_4MW_S10 is composed of two ISM Sismo modules separated by a mineral wool
layer, this type is typically used as separating wall, a schematic diagram can be found in annex.
12.
Implementation
12.1.
Handling, transportation and storage of ISM Sismo panels
The panels delivered on site can have sharp points, handling on site shall be done with gloves and
protective glasses.
Loading and unloading of ISM Sismo modules can be done manually (stored sideways, standing) as
well as by machine (stored flat, in horizontal position).
ISM Sismo modules can be transported and stored sideways, standing or in horizontal position. When
stored and transported in horizontal position extra attention should be taken to limit stress because
bottom panels of a pile horizontal stacked ISM Sismo modules have a higher risk to deform.
12.2.
Erection of ISM Sismo panels
The ISM Sismo panels are placed on the foundation or on the floors. They are held together by rings
(figure 1) longitudinally placed every 15 cm on both sides of the wall
In an initial phase the panels are supported on one of their sides by struts (figure 20) specially
developed for this purpose. They provide lateral support to the panels during the initial phase till
hardening of the concrete. The maximum distance between lateral supports should not exceed 2
meters.. It is possible to transform the struts to scaffolding to allow access at the top of the casing to
monitor the pouring of concrete, in this case local regulations and laws should be respected.
The free end of panels (in case of openings, windows, ceiling or doors) is closed in the same manner
as the common parts to ensure the holding of fresh concrete.
The verticality of the wall is checked before and during casting.
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The ISM Sismo floor module can temporally, till hardening of the concrete, be supported by shuttering
panels, beams and props as shown in figure 28-29. An installation plan shows the layout used for each
bay. When props are only calculated for supporting the weight of fresh concrete, use can be made of a
circulation and concrete pouring platform. Explicit mention is then shown on the installation plan.
12.3.
Installation of reinforcement
The principle plan of reinforcement can be found in annex.
For efficient placement of the reinforcement a few aspects have to be taken into account.
The modulated dimensions of the ISM Sismo lattice, are steps of 10 cm horizontally and steps of 15
cm vertically, see figures 4 and 59 to 62. As the reinforcement is kept in place by the ISM Sismo
lattice, the distance between the reinforcement should be multiples of these dimensions. The securing
of the bars through the lattice, ensures a correct positioning of the reinforcement after pouring
concrete.
Stirrups, straight, L- and U-shaped bars (figures 47 to 50) can easily be introduced during the
mounting of the modules. The ISM Sismo lattice cannot be combined with welded reinforcement
meshes.
Depending on the type of ISM Sismo module used, stirrups and U-shaped reinforcement bars should
respect maximum diameters as listed in the table below to guarantee concrete covering of the
reinforcement.
Table 9 : Maximum diameters reinforcement bars (EPSX = X cm insulating strips, FC = board)
FC x FC
FC x 4EPS
4EPS x 4EPS
FC x 8EPS
4EPS x 8EPS
S6®
-
-
-
-
-
S10®
5
-
-
-
-
S15®
10
5
-
-
-
S20®
15
10
6
6
-
S25®
20
15
11
11
7
S30®
25
20
16
16
12
S35®
30
25
21
21
17
S40®
35
30
26
26
22
S45®
40
35
31
31
27
The placing of vertical bars is done through the top of panels and progresses together with the
mounting of the ISM Sismo panels.
Horizontal bars for the achievement of horizontal ties, lintels or required by calculation are inserted
sideways and progresses together with the mounting of the ISM Sismo walls. It is sometimes required
to remove the insulating strips used as formwork at the edge of the panels to be able to insert the
horizontal reinforcement bars, and then slide them back into position..
The chronology of placing reinforcement bars is detailed in schematic diagrams in annex:
Corner-connection, see figures 71 to 73:
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1. U-shaped horizontal reinforcement bars;
2. U-shaped horizontal reinforcement bars in the second wall;
3. The common vertical reinforcement bars
T-connection, see figures 65 to 70:
1. U-shaped horizontal reinforcement bars in the wall to join;
2. Installation of the wall in T-junction;
3. Horizontal reinforcement bars of a wall;
4. The common vertical reinforcement bar.
Beam, see figures 74 to 77
1. Vertical stirrups;
2. Horizontal reinforcement bars.
12.4.
Pouring of concrete
The concrete filling is done with a pump device, or a tipper. It is vital to respect the following
requirements:
The concrete filling should be limited to a maximum speed of 100 cm per hour, in layers up to
50 cm for a concrete with a consistence class SF1 . There shall never be filled a height greater
or equal to 6 m a day.
If filling is done with a pump device, it is advisable to take measures to cut the dynamic
pressure of the concrete. A special flexible rubber sleeve shall be secured with retaining rings
to the pipe of the pump device in order to limit the pressure of concrete by compressing the
hose manually. As an alternative a bend can be put in the flexible rubber sleeve in order to cut
the dynamic pressure.
The gap to fill up with concrete will determine the plasticity of the fresh concrete and the maximum
size of aggregates. The values are given in paragraph 3.4
To ensure the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the finished wall, the following checks are
carried out during the concrete filling:
Control and possible correction of the verticality of the wall before hardening of the concrete
Visual verification of the penetration of the cement laitance in the joints between the strips to
be sure that all gaps are completely filled. Cores can be taken through the insulation at critical
positions, such as below windows and at corners, to establish integrity of concrete. However
this check is not required as tests realized to obtain the European Technical Approval have
shown, when respecting prescriptions concerning consistency class and maximum size of
aggregates, that the density of the steel wire frame allows a full satisfactory filling of the gaps.
Roofs with pitches below and over 30° are constructed with respectively open and closed lattices.
Insulating strips can be cleaned with a water jet or brushed after pouring of the concrete to remove
light leakage of laitance.
12.5.
Fixing of Plus panels
The wall surface must be sound and free of dust, cleared of any non-adherent product The expanded
polystyrene panels are fixed to their support by use of an adhesive.
The Plus panels are available with a honeycomb structure which ensures a good grip on the 1 cm
lattice which crosses the ISM Sismo panel, see figure 13. In this case there is no need for the use of
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base profiles, mounting is only done by bonding on the substrate by means of an adhesive. The
adhesive is applied in strokes on the Plus panel.
Plus panels without honeycomb structure are used for ISM Sismo modules without external grip of 1
cm. For such an ISM Sismo module a base profile is set at least 15 cm above the highest point of the
soil. A space of 2 to 3 mm is left between each profile to allow their thermal expansion. The first row
of panels is mounted starting from the base profile An adhesive is applied using the so-called “beadpoint-method” i.e. around the edges in a strip and in the center of the panel in several hand palm-sized
lumps
Adjust the volume of adhesive applied and the base height according to the substrate tolerances such
that an adhesive contact area of at least 40% to 60% (depending on the manufacturer’s prescriptions)
is attained.
The flatness is continuously verified by means of a 2 m rule. Always install the insulating panels with
offset vertical joints, panel butts perfectly joined. Vary vertical joints accordingly for panel cuts. Cross
joints are not permitted.
Panel joints should also be minimized at extensions to the corners of façade openings (e.g. windows)
to prevent cracks at these locations, "L"-cuts should be made to avoid aligned joints.
It is recommended to cut and fit the panels after positioning and bonding.
12.6.
Finishing
12.6.1.
Rendering
With the wide array of rendering options available it is essential to note that there are significant
regional differences due to the availability of materials and local climate conditions. The
recommendations of the manufacturer of the material should always be followed and good trade
practice regarding installation and sealing should be observed. Renders should adhere to the specific
background provided, be resistant to an acceptable level of impact, be frost proof (if applicable),
preferably be weatherproof but moisture permeable and be able to resist thermal shock. Contact should
be taken with local supplier to discuss which product in their range will be best suited for the finishing
of the ISM Sismo modules.
Below some general points to take into account.
Both Lime- based and Cement based renders are suitable but generally Lime-based render systems
have better reliability than cement-based systems with plasticizer.
Polymer modified render systems with a fiber reinforcing mesh have good resistance to thermal
shock and impact damage as the polymers have the ability to flex. Use pre-batched polymer
modified render systems to ensure performance, site mixing is susceptible to incorrect proportions.
Propriety and insulated render systems do not have the same track as traditional renders. However,
evidence of the durability of these systems in use is increasing as time progresses. In Europe
insulated renders have performed well over 40 years.
Renders applied directly on top of insulation like on an ISM Sismo wall can be subjected to
extreme temperature fluctuations referred to as ‘Thermal Shock’ therefore it is essential that they
have a high mechanical resistance and elasticity to avoid the risk of micro cracks or surface
crazing.
For the hygrothermal cycles test, the freeze - thaw testing and the capillarity test, see Guideline for
European Technical Approval, ETAG 004 ETICS "External Thermal Insulation Composite
Systems with Rendering" 'Compatibility with internal and external finishings'.
Page 13 of 39
The system is composed of modules of 120 cm, all external-rendering systems shall be used in
accordance with provisions to bridge the network of joints between modules. The second layer of
the base coat shall be reinforced with a fiber mesh to improve its mechanical strength.
The thickness of the coating is at least:
• 20 mm when the mesh protrudes the insulation by 1 cm, figure 40;
• 10 mm for all other cases, e.g. on hard strips of wood fiber and cement, on expanded polystyrene
for modules without protruding mesh of 1 cm, figure 41;
• 5 mm on the Plus panels of expanded polystyrene, figure 42.
The lattice must be at least covered with 5mm.
The rendering should have a pH ≥ 11. Aggressive materials might cause corrosion of the ISM
Sismo Lattice.
The designer chooses the corrosion resistance according to the exposure requirements of the nonstructural steel products as used in internal and external mortar renderings.
The ISM Sismo Lattice optimizes adhesion and impact resistance through the Mesh protruding the
insulation by 1 cm and as such acting as an anchor and reinforcement for the rendering.
The protruding ISM Sismo mesh of 1 cm can be eliminated when using a polymer modified
lightweight render that has sufficient adhesion to the insulation. Mineral based renders require the
ISM Sismo mesh for adhesion.
Many premature failures and early repair requirements are the result of poor installation. Applying
renders is a skilled operation. Use of approved and specially trained contractors, particularly for
proprietary and insulated render systems, reduces the risk of early repair costs.
The substrate has to be controlled for loose parts, any part of the ISM Sismo module that is
protruding or loose has to be removed.
The substrate has to be clean. If necessary it has to be cleaned with a broom to remove all
impurities. The ISM Sismo wall may be rinsed with water to obtain a dust free surface.
The ISM Sismo walls should be adequately cured and stable before rendering. They have to be
free of any movement caused by solicitations, shrinkage, settling, etc…
Reinforcement fiber mesh should be increased at areas of stress concentration such as window and
door openings.
At outer corners and at boundaries of the rendering, all the necessary corner- and stop-moldings
have to be placed. Always take into consideration the thickness of the finishing layer.
In places where there are different settlements, it is always advisable to make a movement-joint.
Movement joints are essential to control cracking. They should be at centers appropriate to the
movements expected of the render and substrate.
Although a single coat can be used; two coat work, an undercoat and finishing coat is generally
required. In conditions of severe exposure three coat work is recommended, with the first coat
relatively impervious to water and the others more porous.
Allow adequate drying time between successive coats. Protect surface from sun, rain and wind.
Shrinkage and drying out may take several days.
Textured finishes are less likely to show cracks than smooth finishes. Water is more likely to
"ride" over the cracks rather than be drawn into the render.
Permeable mixes are more durable than impermeable mixes.
If proper attention has been given to external details in designing the structure and the rendering
materials and methods of application are in accordance with the recommendations, external
rendered finishes should not require any maintenance over a long period of years. However,
depending on the levels of airborne pollution and dirt, there could be a requirement for regular
cleaning. Typical maintenance would include allowances for annual inspection, cleaning every
five years after year 20 and an allowance for minor repairs at 10-year intervals.
Page 14 of 39
12.6.2.
Other types of finishing
The ISM Sismo module gives the freedom to choose virtually any finish at all, see figures 43 to 46. As
long as the recommendations of the manufacturer of the finishing material are followed and good
trade practice regarding installation and sealing is observed, the widest variety of finishing techniques
can be adopted, such as natural stone claddings, shingles, cladding panels, masonry, curtain walling,
plastering, plasterboards, tiling, wood paneling and so on.
12.7.
Imbedding of ducts
The use of certain filling materials makes it possible to install conduits quickly and easily, see figure
30 . Self-extinguishing polystyrene, for example, makes it possible to melt a path for all conduits.
When thin hard panels are used for the shuttering, conduits may either be surface mounted or inserted
before the concrete is poured.
Alternatively, polystyrene strips may be inserted, allowing the conduits to be installed at a later stage.
This entails that the local reduction in the thickness of the concrete must be checked to ensure that it
doesn't affect overall strength
12.8.
Fixing of objects
It is possible to fix objects up to 35 kg per fixing device (expanding plug) in the finishes and
insulation strips; for other cases the fixing devices should be inserted in the concrete. For the type of
fixing, advice should be sought at the local distributor
12.9.
Other Details
In attachment following schematic diagrams are displayed (figures 31 to 46): window connections,
floor connections, roller shutting and (underground) finishing
13.
Structural design
13.1.
Strategy
The strategy is to exploit concrete to the ultimate and to use standard solutions for traditional
reinforcement where needed.
Reinforcement, installed according to the specifications in paragraph 12.3, depends on the application
and is determined by structural calculations performed according to the local standards and rules
13.2.
Basic principles of designing plain concrete
The optimal result is obtained when ISM Sismo walls are designed as braced construction elements
whose horizontal loads are supported by other , bracing elements belonging to the same construction,
e.g. shear walls.
Page 15 of 39
Walls subjected to bending or axial load and bending, for the rest exclusively subjected to wind load
parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the wall, can be designed without steel reinforcement ,
provided the following condition is met:
md + mt,i ≤ mu
md = the design value for the limit state of collapse, of the maximum bending moment per unit length,
due to the loads liable to act on the structure
mu = the ultimate bending moment per unit length occurring with the design value of the axial load
applied at the center of gravity of the cross section
mt,I = the design value for the limit state of collapse, of the accidental restraint moment
Wall-to-floor tie-reinforcement
When mt,i is too high to meet the above condition and there can be proven that a position equilibrium
is possible for the limit state of serviceability, no reinforcement is needed if accepted by local
standards and rules. This equilibrium exists if the rotation capacity of the wall near to the wall-floorconnection is sufficient to follow the rotation of the floor slab. If this equilibrium doesn’t exist wallto-floor tie-reinforcement will be needed.
Wall-to-wall tie-reinforcement
In bearing walls of houses and buildings where no special loads are to be considered , there shall be a
continuous horizontal tie-reinforcement on every floor level . If not otherwise specified by local
standards, the tie-reinforcement may be omitted when the difference between the upper floor level
and the terrain does not exceed 6.5 m.
Edge reinforcement in walls
Vertical reinforcement shall be provided at the edges of bearing walls for houses and buildings where
no special loads are to be considered. Reinforcement shall be provided around all door and windowopenings.
If not otherwise specified by local standards, edge reinforcement in walls may be omitted when the
difference between the upper floor and the terrain does not exceed 12.5 m
Splitting reinforcement at beams
Splitting reinforcement is needed when the design value of the bearing stress due to the concentrated
load exceeds the design value of concrete strength
Page 16 of 39
ANNEXE 1 Figures
ISM Sismo Wall
2
4
3
5
1 External rendering
1
2 Outside insulation strip
3 Concrete
4 Inside insulation strip
5 Rings
Figure 1
Page 17 of 39
ISM Sismo Lattice composition
Steps of 15 cm
Figure 2 Vertical cross section of ISM Sismo steel wire lattice. Right figure one side without 1 cm protruding lattice
(so called single wire frame on one side). 1 = position of insulation strips, 2 = position sheet strips
Figure 3 Cross section, available up to 50 cm
Steps of 10 cm
Page 18 of 39
ISM Sismo Module types
Figure 4 Modular dimensions ISM Sismo module
Figure 5 Inside and outside insulation strips,
symmetrical
Figure 6 Inside and outside insulation strips,
asymmetrical
Figure 7 Inside and outside insulation strips and
outside Plus insulation panel
Figure 8 Inside board and outside insulation strips
Figure 9 Inside and outside board strips
Figure 10 2 ISM Sismo walls with outside board
strips decoupled and insulated by mineral wool for
acoustic performance
Figure 11 Module with insulation as core
Page 19 of 39
Insulation strips for infill
Figure 12 Insulation strips either with or without tongue and groove
ISM Sismo Plus insulation panels
Figure 13
Page 20 of 39
ISM Sismo floor
Figure 14 ISM Sismo module for a deck slab
Figure 15 EPS-block for ISM Sismo floor
module
Figure 16 ISM Sismo floor module with EPS interjoist to
create a girder-slab ISM Sismo floor
Figure 17 One way girder-slab ISM Sismo floor
Figure 18 One way girder-slab ISM Sismo
floor
Page 21 of 39
Figure 19 Two way girder-slab ISM
Sismo floor
Accessories
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 20 ISM Sismo Struts
Figure 24
Figure 21 1 set of ISM Sismo struts :
1 strut, 3 hollow profiles, 9 U-profiles
Page 22 of 39
Accessories
Tools :
Figure 25 Stapler & Omega staples
Figure 26 Loop ties & Tie Twister
Figure 27 Wire cutter
Floor props and shuttering boards
Figure 28 Floor props supporting beams and shuttering
boards
Figure 29
Imbedding of ducts
Figure 30 Ducts embedded into concrete and/or insulation strips, either before pouring concrete or
afterwards in the insulation (cut or melt)
Page 23 of 39
Window connections
1 L-Mechanical tie for fixing window
profile
3
2 Sealant
4
3 Windowsill
2
1
5
Figure 31 Vertical section
Figure 32 Horizontal section : center, front and back
position of window
Page 24 of 39
4 Insulation
5 Concrete
Roller shutter housing
Figure 33 Façade closed or open with integrated insulated roller shutting housing
1 Insulated roller shutting housing
2 Width window
3 Façade open
4 Multiple of 100
Page 25 of 39
Floor connections
Figure 34 With ISM Sismo floor module
Figure 36 With self-bearing element and compressed
layer
Figure 35 With ISM Sismo floor module
Figure 37 With self-bearing element and compressed
layer
1 Finishing
2 Screed
3 Slab
A1 Module Height
A2 Clear Headroom
A3 Structural floor
Page 26 of 39
Underground finishing
1 Top coat on base coat
2 Plinth
3 Waterproof coat
4 Soil
5 Base coat
6 Drainage material
Figure 38 Finishing on ISM Sismo foundation
1 Top coat on base coat
2 Plinth
3 Waterproof insulation
4 Soil
5 Waterproof coat
6 Drainage material
Figure 39 Finishing on existing foundation
Page 27 of 39
Substrates for rendering, three alternatives
Figure 40 With protruding lattice (double wire), ±20 mm Figure 41 Without protruding lattice (single wire), ±10 mm
rendering
rendering
Figure 42 On a Plus panel , ±5 mm rendering
Some examples of finishings
Figure 43 Finishing
board with the bead
point method
Page 28 of 39
Figure 44 Tiles on a
cement base
Figure 45 Mechanical
anchors for natural stone
or cladding
Figure 46 Brick facade
with wall ties
ISM Sismo Principle reinforcement
Figure 48 Straight
reinforcement bar
Figure 47 Stirrup
Figure 49 L-shaped
reinforcement bar
Figure 50 U-shaped
reinforcement bar
Wall – floor connection :
Figure 51
Figure 53
Page 29 of 39
Figure 52
Figure 54
Starter bars :
Figure 55
or
Figure 57
Figure 56
Figure 58
Page 30 of 39
Positioning of reinforcement bars :
Figure 60 Vertical reinforcement bars
Figure 59 Horizontal reinforcement bars
Figure 61
Page 31 of 39
Figure 62
Figure 63
Figure 64
Page 32 of 39
Wall connection – T-connection:
Figure 66
Figure 65
Figure 67 Step 1
Figure 69 Step 3
Page 33 of 39
Figure 68 Step 2
Figure 70 Step 4
Wall connection – Corner connection:
Figure 72
Figure 71
Figure 73
Page 34 of 39
Lintel/Beam:
Figure 74
Figure 75
Figure 76
Figure 77
Page 35 of 39
Floor:
Figure 78 Ring beam
Figure 79 Girder iron
Figure 80 Girder anchor
Figure 81 Shrinkage compensating reinforcement
Figure 82 Floor reinforcement
Page 36 of 39
ANNEXE 2 Experimental results
Measurement of the sound reduction index of ISM Sismo walls according to standards EN
ISO 10140-2: 2010 and EN ISO 717-1:1996 carried out by the accredited laboratory Blasco
bvba - LARGE certified to standard EN ISO/IEC 17025 – Tests carried out in Belgium in
2013
Salt spray test conducted by Bekaert Technology Centre according to ISO 9227, DIN SS
50021 and ASTM B117 in 2008
Compression tests on concrete cores taken from an ISM Sismo wall filled with concrete under
more severe conditions than specified in the ETA 01/0001 – Test carried out by the laboratory
of Magnel of the University of Ghent, Belgium in 2006 (www.labomagnel.ugent.be)
Plain concrete ISM Sismo walls, ISM Sismo Building Technology: plain concrete in high rise
buildings – Theoretical and experimental study presented by the Civil Engineering
Department of the University of Leuven, Belgium in 1994
Determination of the bending moment resisting capacity of wall-to-floor connections with
ISM Sismo standard reinforcement, under vertical and horizontal load – Test carried out by
the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Leuven, Belgium in 1993 and 1994.
Buckling behavior of ISM Sismo walls and columns, ISM Sismo wall-to-wall connection in
earthquake areas: shear strength – Tests carried out by the Civil Engineering Department at
the University of Leuven, Belgium in 1992 and 1993
Determination of the attachment strength of resistance welds in two types of steel grids –
Tests carried out by the Research Centre of the Belgian Welding Institute of the University of
Ghent, Belgium in 1991
Plaster adhesion on ISM Sismo panels – Test carried out by the laboratory of building
materials from the University of Liege, Belgium in 1991
Orientation tests concerning the fire resistance of load bearing ISM Sismo walls and floors –
Tests carried out by the laboratory for Use of fuels and heat transfer from the University of
Ghent, Belgium in 1985 and 1988
Longitudinal compression test on ISM Sismo panel – Tests carried out by the University of
Leuven, Belgium in 1985
ANNEXE 3 List of reference documents
ETAG 004 External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems with Rendering
ETAG 009 Non load-bearing permanent shuttering kits/systems based on hollow blocks/panels of
insulating materials and sometimes concrete
EN ISO 140-3 Acoustics – Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements –
Part 3 : Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements.
EN 206-1 Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 206-9 Concrete – Part 9: Concrete. Additional rules for self-compacting concrete (SCC)
EN 310 Wood-based panels - Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending
strength
EN 317 Particleboards and Fibreboards - Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in
water
Page 37 of 39
EN 318 Fibreboards - Determination of dimensional changes associated with changes in relative
humidity
EN 319 Particleboards and Fibreboards -Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane
of the board
EN 323 Wood-based panels - Determination of density
EN 324-1 Wood-based panels - Determination of dimensions of the board – Part 1: determination of
thickness, width and length.
EN 324-2 Wood-based panels - Determination of dimensions of the board – Part 2: determination of
squareness and edge straightness.
EN 382-2 Fibreboards - Determination of surface absorption – Part 2: test methods on hardboards
EN ISO 534: Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density and specific volume
ISO 535: Paper and board - Determination of water absorptiveness -- Cobb method
EN 622-1 Fibreboards, Specifications - Part 1 General requirements
EN 622-2 Fibreboards, Specifications - Part 2 Requirements for hardboards
EN 822 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of length and
width
EN 823 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of thickness
EN 824 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of squareness
EN 826 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of compression
behaviour
ASTM D 828 Standard test method for tensile properties of paper and paperboard using constant-rateof-elongation apparatus
ASTM D 829 Standard test methods for wet tensile breaking strength of paper and paper products
EN ISO 1463 Metallic and oxide coatings. Measurement of coating thickness. Microscopical method.
EN 1602 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of the apparent density
EN 1604 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Dimensional stability test of the
insulation
EN 1607 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of tensile strength
perpendicular to faces
EN 1991 Basis of design and actions on structures
EN 1992-1-1 Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1992-1-2 Design of concrete structures. Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design
EN 1998-1 Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures
EN ISO 6946 Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal
transmittance – Calculation method
EN ISO 8990 Testing of building components by hot box -General method
EN 10002-1 The tensile strength of the wire
Page 38 of 39
EN 10016-1 Non-alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling - Part 1: general requirements
EN 10088-1 Stainless steels – List of stainless steels
EN 10244 - 1 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 1:
General principles
EN 10244 - 2 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 2: Zinc
or zinc alloy coatings on steel wire
ISO 10287 The shear strength of the welding
EN ISO 10456 Thermal insulation - Building materials and products - Determination of declared and
design values.
EN 12086 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of water vapour
transmission properties
EN 12087 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of long term water
absorption by immersion
EN 12089 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of bending behaviour
EN 12467 Fiber-cement flat sheets - Product specification and test methods.
EN 12524 Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties - Tabulated design values
EN ISO 12572 Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of
water vapour transmission properties
EN ISO 12625-4: Tissue paper and tissue products. Determination of tensile strength, stretch at break
and tensile energy absorption
EN ISO 12625-5: Tissue paper and tissue products. Determination of wet tensile strength
EN 12667 Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal
resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Products of high and medium
thermal resistance
EN 13162 Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made mineral wool (MW) products Specification
EN 13163 Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made products of expanded polystyrene
– Specification
EN 13501-1 Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification
using data from reaction to fire tests
EN ISO 13786 Thermal performance of building components -- Dynamic thermal characteristics -Calculation methods
EN ISO 13788 Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements -Estimation
on internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and calculation of interstitial
condensation.
EN 13986 Wood-based panels for use in construction - Characteristics, evaluation of conformity and
marking
The Directive on Dangerous Substances
Page 39 of 39