construction manual up2you BS0202 v03 website - re

Construction Manual up2you
Content:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3
Wing ................................................................................................................................... 5
Winglet ............................................................................................................................. 18
Finish ................................................................................................................................ 23
Installation of remote control and servos .................................................................... 25
Adjustments..................................................................................................................... 27
Flying ................................................................................................................................ 28
Layout and Performance ............................................................................................... 29
2
1. Introduction
The up2you has been developed during the last year based on several different prototypes.
Wing geometry, airfoil and wing twist have been changed in optimization calculations to get
the theoretical optimum for a swept back wing with this size and weight. In parallel
prototypes have been flown in order to see the correlation between calculation and flight tests.
The model has an optimize lift distribution along the wing span and a Reynold Number which
fits to the used airfoil. Profiled winglets are used in order to increase the lift further.
Due to the omitted fuselage, some drag counts more could be saved.
The up2you is able to use small and weak thermals; it glides very well and offers the
possibility to increase the wing loading by adding ballast in order to increase the penetration
ability for stronger winds.
The materials used for the construction are balsawood, plywood, CFRP and GFRP. This
enables a weight optimized construction. Due to the high accuracy of the milled parts and the
setting of the structure on building slips, high construction accuracy can be reached.
Special attention was paid on simple handling in conjunction with uncritical flight
characteristics. Nevertheless it should be flown not to slow – it achieved the best performance
and it looks best in flight if it is flown with speed a little higher than comparable normal
configured models.
Mounting and dismounting of the right and left hand side wing is very easy and no special
parts are needed.
The following times for completion should be considered:
•
Per Wing:
15 h
•
Per Winglet:
2h
•
Finish:
8h
A parts list can be found at the end of each main chapter – one for the wings and one for the
winglets.
For better orientation, all milled parts are shown on a separate “mill-overview-plan”.
The “mill-flags” of the wing are numbered from F_1 to F_7:
F_1:
Ribs, Balsa
F_2:
Ribs, Plywood
F_3:
Several parts (servobox, ect), Plywood
F_4:
Beam-body, Plywood
F_5:
Ribs and other parts, GFRP
F_6:
Inner Wing Cover, Plywood
F_7:
Building Slip Beams, cottonwood
3
The mill-flags of the winglets numbered from W_1 to W_2:
W_1: Ribs, Balsa
W_2: Ribs and other parts, Plywood
The Pictures in the manual may be differing in some small details from the parts of the kit due
to the fact that these have been taken from the prototypes.
Before you start with the assembly and gluing, please read the full section of the manual
completely and check all necessary parts against the milled-parts-plan.
The following construction plans are used for build up the rib frames on them:
Right hand side wing: “Build up plan for right wing/winglet”
Left hand side wing: “Build up plan for left wing/winglet”
In addition there is one construction plan showing details: “Details right wing/winglet”
The construction is not complicated and a medium experienced model airplaner should be
able to build up a well flying model. The trickiest building section on a ribbed wing is always
the coverage. We have designed a new method which saves grinding work and supplies a high
level of airfoil accuracy and strength.
Please keep the described steps and pay special attention on the steps which are identified
with “Important”.
On the other side, model airplaners have their own ideas and experience – you should use
these!
If you have problems you can contact us on our Website:
www.re-design-flugmodelle.de
4
2. Wing
The buildup of the wing is divided into the following sections:
•
•
•
Inner Wing Section
Rib Construction
Coverage and Finalization
2.1 Building up the inner wing section
The middle section consists of the ribs 115, 117 and 119; the root stays 150, 151 and the
holding plate 152. The plan “wing/winglet plan right” shows how the root stays and the
holding plate should be glued into the ribs with their pegs. The glue should be epoxy.
You can build up the right and left hand side middle section in parallel and fit them together
with the wing CFRP connector 171 (refer to fig. 2.1).
The arrester pin 169 can be now glued in the right middle section with epoxy. The pin should
be stuck out approximately 2mm over the lower surface of the holding plate. Re-enforce this
section with thickened epoxy in order to get a durable connection between the arrester pin and
the holding plate.
Fig. 2.1, Build up oft the right and left hand side middle sections
5
After hardening of the epoxy, the arrester hook 180 (note that the wing hook is re-enforced
compared to the winglet hooks, done mix them) with its shaft pin 168 can be assembled on
the left hand side middle section (refer to fig. 2.1). To do so, move the arrester hook in the cut
off in rip 115 and insert the shaft pin from the lower surface into the bore of the arrestor hook.
Move both middle sections fully together and try to arrest the hook into the arrester pin. It
should be possible to turn the arrester hook into the lowest or middle arresting position.
If everything fits well, glue the shaft pin in the same manner than the arrester pin into its
holding plate. The shaft pin should be stuck over the lower surface of the holding plate also
approximately 2mm – this section should be also glued with thickened epoxy. Pay attention
that no epoxy flows between the arrestor hook and the holding plate. It is a good idea to put
some oil or separation wax on the hook before assembling it.
2.2 Buildup of the right Rib Frame
The right wing will be assembled on the plan “build up plan for right wing/winglet”. Put the
plan on a straight board.
Assemble the building slips of the parts 100 to 103 and mount them on the plan at the defined
location. Fixate them with needles.
Glue the beam-body which consists of the parts 148 and 149 on the plan together.
Glue the right hand side trailing edge which consists of the parts 162 and 163 on the plan
together. The trailing edge re-enforcement 181 is an option if the model suffers on rough
transportation conditions.
The build start with the assembly of the ribs 117, 119 into the beam-body and the fixation of
the triangular re-enforcements with their pegs into the beam-body and the ribs (refer to figure
2.2 and 2.3). Ribs 117, 119 are already assembled in the middle section.
Then latch the triangular re-enforcement in rib 113 and 144, slide the ribs into the beam-body
and latch the assembly with the pegs (of the triangular re-enforcements) in the beam-body.
Now fixate this frame on the plan by using balsa wood pieces (approximately 10mm
thickness). The beam-body should be movable in axial direction (refer to figures 2.4 and 2.5).
Slide the rib 120 into the beam body and pay attention that the ribs are supported by the
building slips (refer to figure 2.6).
Important:
Slide the wing CFRP connector 171 up to 120 and leave it in this position.
Slide the trailing edge on the ribs which are currently assembled on the beam-body and pay
attention that the trailing edge is supported by the building slips (refer to figure 2.5).
Now, further ribs from 121 – 132 can be sliced into the beam-body and the trailing edge.
Before further ribs will be sliced in, the box of the elevon servo should be assembled from the
parts 156 to 158. Latch the box in the designated cut outs of the ribs 134 and 135. Slide this
assembly into the beam-body.
Then slide all other ribs into the beam-body.
6
Figure 2.2, Ribs 117/119 inserted into the beam body
Figure 2.3, Latched by the pegs of the triangular re-enforcements
7
Figure 2.4, Set up of the initial rib frame after latching the re-enforcements
Figure 2.5, Fixation of the rib frame on the plan with balsa pieces
8
Figure 2.6, Fixation of the rib frame on the plan. Note that the support of
dedicated ribs on the building slips and the assembled CFRP wing connector
171
Move all rips to their correct positions and fix them also by pieces of balsa wood. All ripsupport-feet’s should be correctly base on the building board. Use a strip (for example a ruler)
with some weight on it to hold the rib frame on the building board (refer to fig. 2.7).
The wing twist which is important for the flight stability is adjusted by the different length of
the rib-support-feet’s.
9
Figure 2.7, Usage of a ruler (or other strip) with some weights in order to hold
the frame down on the building board.
Control then again the position of all ribs. If everything is correct, move the leading edge 159
into the front section of the ribs. Before you do so, lengthen it to the correct length according
to the plan. Start the insertion from the root section of the wing (rib 115) and use some pins to
hold it in the rib cutout. Then move it rib by rip over the full span into the cutouts. Hold the
leading edge by pins all 10cm in the cutouts. Control that the leading edge is fully inserted
into the rib cutouts; otherwise the coverage could be complicated. See also the Details on the
wing detail plan.
Lengthen the rear spars 147 according to the plan and move them, starting from the outer rip
144 into the bores of the ribs. Grind the side of the rear spars a little bit in order to find the rib
bores better.
Now glue all connections (rib to beam-body, triangular re-enforcements to beam-body, ect.)
of the rib frame with high viscous second glue. Check again that all rib-support-feet’s are
correctly down on the building board.
Important:
The wing connector 171 must be inserted. Pay attention that no glue comes in
contact with it.
10
2.3 Beam Assembly an upper Cover
Before the upper beam strip is glued in, it should be cleaned from possible separation agent on
it by using dissolvent. Then lengthen it according to the plan. To do so, wrap some tape
around it at the position where the cut should be and use a thin saw.
Glue it into the cutout of the ribs by long hardened epoxy. See Cut B-B for the details
regarding the location. Use again the ruler with weight to hold the frame on the building
board.
Now the upper cover can be glued on the ribs.
Important:
The coverage of a rib frame is always the trickiest step. Please read the following
section carefully before you start.
Start with cutting the cover 165. The length is 950mm; the width at the root rib (pos. 115) is
82mm and at the winglet rib (pos. 144) 45 mm. These values are a little bit oversized and it is
important to fit them before gluing.
Then sand a chamfer on the edge where is comes together with the leading edge (refer to fig.
2.8). Refer also on the details on the plan. Check the width of the cover by roll it from the
leading edge over the ribs to the spar beam. It must fit perfectly into the cut out of the ribs.
Refer on the plan details.
Then insert the part 170 (“assembly window”) with the cutout for the wing assembly tool into
the cover (refer to fig. 2.11). Through this part, the right and left wing can be arrested by a
small screwdriver by turning the arrestor hook before flying.
Now you can start with the coverage procedure:
Please refer also on the plan “details to cover nose section”.
The basic idea of the coverage is to prepare a hinge line at the leading edge by tape stripes
(refer to fig. 2.9).
Put stripes of tape on the lower side of the leading edge. Set the cover on it and fix the tape
stripes on it (refer to fig. 2.10). Try the hinge whilst pressing the cover on the rib surface and
hold it down with ruler and weight.
Important:
Use high quality painters tape only, for example from “Tesa”
Pay attention on the correct angle between the cover and the leading edge
according to figure 2.10. Remove the tape and put it on again if the tension over
the ribs is too high or low.
If everything fits well you can glue the cover on the leading edge, the ribs and the spare beam.
Fold up the cover and put the glue on the leading edge, the ribs and the spare beam. Then
press the cover down and hold it down again by the ruler and weight. Pay attention that the all
rib-support-feet’s are correctly down on the building board.
11
Figure 2.11, Part 170 inserted into upper cover
2.4 Lower Cover and Fuselage
To cover the lower side of the right wing, change the plan – use “wing/winglet plan left”.
Fix the building slips 104 – 107 on the plan (by using tape). These are shown on the plan in
gray color. You can also get the orientation from the milling overview (F_7).
Important:
The correct fixation of the building slips is for the flight behavior very important.
You may check them with the following data:
Rib 144 front (to leading edge), high of the building slip:
7,2 mm
Rib 144 aft (to trailing edge), high of the building slip:
3,6 mm
Rib 115 front (to leading edge), high of the building slip:
2,5 mm
Rib 115 aft (to trailing edge), high of the building slip:
9,5 mm
Put the right wing on the fixed building slips with the upper side. There should be no or just
little tension by holding it down on the building slips. Fix it by some needles and the pieces of
balsa, but pay attention that you can remove them after the lower cover is glued. Cut the ribsupport-feet’s off.
12
Insert the cables for the servos in the rib cutouts. You may use very thin cables – the servos
will not need high currents. If you intend to install a 35MHz remote control (with long
antennas), insert a mantle of a bowden cable. Later you can insert the receiver antenna in the
mantle.
Glue the lower spar beam 154 into the rib cutouts and cover the lower side (part 166) as it has
been described for the upper side. The length of the lower cover is 907 mm, note that it cover
at the root side of the wing, rib 119 only (refer to figure 2.12). On rib 117 a different part
(fuselage side 118) will be assembled in order to build the small fuselage. This is described in
one of the following steps. The width of the cover at rib 119 is approximately 80mm and on
rib 144 approximately 43 mm.
Also, glue the root cover 167 on the lower side. Note that you have to shorten it by the width
of the small fuselage. The fuselage will be covered separately by a different part.
After hardening, control the intersection between the covers 154 and 167. If there is some
sanding and filling work necessary, you should do it now. After the assembly of the fuselage
it will be more difficult.
The buildup of the fuselage starts with detaching of two lower parts of rib 115 (refer to details
on the plan). The method to do it is using a small cutting wheel (refer to fig. 2.12). This is also
a good method the cut away the rib-support-feet’s.
Lower cover is supported by rib
119 only. On rib 117 the fuselage
side will be assembled.
Figure 2.12, Cutoff two parts from rib 115
13
Now you can glue the two fuselage side 116 and 118 on rib 115 and 117. Try to insert the
pegs before gluing – if everything fits well glue it with epoxy. Refer to fig. 2.13.
Figure 2.13, Gluing of the fuselage sides on the ribs
Before you now cover the fuselages lower side, you should control all gluing section of the
holding plate 152 and the root stays 115. A few grams more epoxy in order to have durable
gluing sections will increase the endurance of the model.
The cover procedure of the fuselage cover starts with cutting them to the exact size (mainly
on the leading edge). Than sand them similar to the nose cover in order to let them fit to the
leading edge. Glue them to the leading edge first and after hardening on the fuselage side. The
two steps are shown on the figures 2.14 and 2.15.
Due to the curvature of the cover, only 1mm balsa wood is possible to use. Usually the
strength of the cover will be sufficient (due to the curvature), but if you intend to fly on
rugged sites you should cover it by 120g/dm2 GFRP
14
Figure 2.14, Fixation of cover 182 on the leading edge.
Figure 2.15, Coverage
15
Now the right wing is finished – you can sand it further if needed.
Check the nose section by using the calibers 108 – 110. Pay special attention of the nose
radius. The principal design and used materials for the leading edge section could lead to a too
sharp nose. Sand carefully this section and check.
Refer to fig. 2.15-1 for some simple tools which are very useful for the sanding procedure of
the nose section.
The intersection between the cover and the fuselage side may be filled and sanded in order to
get a hollow chamfer – it look simply better and reduces a little bit intersection drag.
The cut off of the elevons and assembly of the strips will be done after the winglet has been
built up.
Note the radius
Figure 2.15-1, Helpful tools for sanding the nose section and the trailing edge
16
2.6 Parts List of Wing
Characteristic Dimension [mm]
Number
Part
Quantity
Material
Length / Thickness / Width
Outer Ø
Inner Ø
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
Building Slip Support
Building Slip at rib 120
Building Slip at rib 132, 133
Building Slip at rib 144
Building Slip nose / root
Building slip nose / tip
Building Slip aft / root
Building slip aft / tip
Nose caliber at rip 119 - 120
Nose caliber at rip 132
Nose caliber at rip 144
Triangular Re-enforcement Rib 119
Triangular Re-enforcement Rib 133
Triangular Re-enforcement Rib 144
left free by intention
Rib
Fuselage side
Rib
Fuselage side
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
Rib
left free by intention
left free by intention
Rear Spar
Beam Body
Beam Body
Root Stay
Root Stay
Holding Plate
Arrestor Hook Winglets
Beam Strip
left free by intention
Servo Box Part
Servo Box Part
Servo Box Part
Leading Edge
Trailing Edge left root
Trailing Edge left tip
Trailing Edge right root
Trailing Edge left tip
left free by intention
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Cottonwood
Cottonwood
Cottonwood
Cottonwood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
4
4
4
4
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
-
-
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
GFRP
GRRP
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Plywood
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
-
-
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
CFRP
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
GFRP
GFRP
GFRP
417
1
1
1,5
1,5
2
2
950 / 0,8 / 3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Plywood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
Balsawood
1,5
1,5
1,5
950 / 1 / 6
Triangular Strip
Triangular Strip
Triangular Strip
Triangular Strip
2
-
1
-
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
-
17
3. Winglet
3.1 Buildup of the Winglets
Both winglets may be building up at the same time. Use the right and left buildup plans.
Insert the pegs of the connection plat 200 into rib 201. The camber of the winglet airfoil is
located in the direction of the wing. Glue the distance plate 201 to the wing side of the
connection plate. Insert the winglet connection pins also in their bores. The correct location of
the distance plate is assured. The connection pins should stuck approx. 3mm out of the
connection plate. Refer to fig. 3.1.
Insert the spare 207 from the upper side through rib 201 and the connection “tongue”. You
may have to work out a little bit the tongue in order to have little free play between the spare
and the tongue. Also, you have to cut out the window for the tongue in the distance plate.
Important:
Do not glue the tongue 210 with the spare and the other parts within this building
section.
Figure 3.1 Initial Winglet Assemblies. Note, that the tongue 210 has not been
glued right now.
18
Now slide all other ribs on the spare and put the winglets on the plans. Pay attention of the
correct location of all parts and fix them by using pieces of balsawood (refer to fig. 3.2).
Insert the leading edge 208 and the trailing edge 209 in the rib cutouts and glue it together.
Important:
Do not glue the tongue 210 with the spare and the other parts within this building
section.
Figure 3.2 Buildups of the Winglets
After hardening remove the rib-support-feet’s and glue the tips on rib 206. Note that each of
the tips consists of 3 parts which should be glued together before them gluing on the winglet.
3.2 Fit the Winglets to the Wings
Glue the shaft pin 168 for the arrestor hook into the holding plate 152. Also glue the
connector pins 216 into the connection tongue so that it stuck out over the bottom of the
tongue approx. 3 mm. Use epoxy for these connections.
19
After hardening, slide the arrestor hook on the shaft pin fit this assembly between the rib 143
and 144. Refer also on the details on the plan.
Glue the assembly preliminary with some glue points in.
Then assemble the winglet on the wing and try to arrest it by turning the hook. It should arrest
in the first position of the hook, just when the arrestor pin has been sized by the hook. If this
is not the case you have to adopt either the tongue or the holding plate.
If everything fits well, assemble the winglet on the wing and glue the holding plate between
the ribs and tongue on the connection plate and the spar. Refer to the fig. 3.3 and 3.4.
Important:
Glue the holding plate and the tongue with the winglet assembled on the wing
and arrested.
Winglet spar 207
Tongue 216
Figure 3.3 Holding plate, Arrestor hook and tongue from lower side of the wing
The arrestor hook can’t be sliding off the shaft pin due to the triangular re-enforcement over
it. However, you may add a spacer over the arrestor hook and glue it on the shaft pin in order
to prevent the arrestor hook moving axial on the shaft pin. Also you may add a piece of
balsawood on the holding plate between the hook and the beam body in order to prevent the
hook from opening too far. Refer to fig. 3.4
20
Optionally add a piece of balsawood at
the beam body to have an endstop for
the hook.
Optionally glue a spacer or something
similar on the shaft pin to prevent axial
movement of the hook.
Figure 3.4, Holding plate and arrestor hook from upper side
The buildup of the winglet fairing is now the last step for the winglets.
Glue the fairing ribs 211 on the distance plate 201. Refer to the details on the plan and fig.
3.5.
Then try to bend the fairing 213 over the fairing ribs and if everything fits well, glue it on.
Refer to fig. 3.6.
Then the winglets can be sanded.
21
Figure 3.5, Fairing ribs 211 glued on the distance plate
Figure 3.6, Fairing glued on the fairing rib
22
4. Finish
Before cutting off the elevons, everything should be sanded well.
Then cut off the elevons on the markers which are milled into the ribs. Refer to the details on
the plan.
Glue the elevon strips 174, 175 on the wing and the elevons, note that wing side strip 175 has
more width. Shape the elevon strip 174 in order to get the right angle for the elevon
deflection.
Then check if the elevons fit well on the wing. Pay attention for enough clearance between the
elevons and the winglet by taking into account the finish cover.
A rib wing looks best by cover it with a transparent foil. Cover it by shrink film fully and
tighten the film step by step on both sides of the wing and winglet. Do not shrink one side
fully and then the other side. This may changes the wing twist.
The elevons may be attached to the wing by adhesive film.
After completing the cover, glue the bungee hook strips in according the plan. The round
shape on the other side of the hook goes through the fuselage cover. You need to cutout it in
order to slide round shape into the fuselage. Glue them from inside the fuselage on the
fuselage sides 118. The cover wouldn’t be strong enough to carry the bungee loads.
23
Figure 4.1, Body shell before finish
Figure 4.2, Body shell detail
24
5. Installation of remote control and servos
The front side of the fuselage is the space for the battery and aft side for the receiver. We
recommend installing a small switch inside the fuselage in order to switch the receiver on/off.
The thicknesses of the servos are limited to 9mm (for example Futaba FS 40 pico). Refer to
fig. 5.1 and 5.2 for the details. The servos may be glued in or arrested by some pieces of
hardwood. The assembly the pushrod and attach it on the servos. In the projection of the
pushrods, cut the plastic film and glue the elevon lever in, by using long hardened epoxy. The
glue should be put on the rear spar as well on the elevon strip.
Then glue the servo cover 178 on the servo box and close it with plastic film.
Figure 5.1, Installation of servo
25
Figure 5.2, Installation accomplished
26
6. Adjustments
The correct center of gravity (CG) is the most important setting parameter for a normal
airplane. For a tailless wing it very significant.
The location of the CG is given on the plan and is 175mm from the trailing edge at the wing
root. To have a balanced wing (trim flight) it is necessary to adjust the elevons 2mm upward,
measured at the trailing edge. If you fly faster by pushing the stick, the elevons are then in
line with fixed trailing edge in order to save drag.
You may need some weight in the nose to get this CG. If this is the case, glue it inside the
fuselage on the leading edge.
Important:
The CG location given on the plan is the performance optimum and the most aft CG
location you should adjust.
It is may be a good idea to adjust the CG for the first flight approx. 5mm more forward.
If you do so, adjust the elevons approx. 1 mm more up in order to get a balanced wing.
5mm more forward movement of the CG corresponds to 1mm upward adjustment of the
elevons.
The deflections given on the plan are the maximum ones if both functions roll and pitch are
commanded at the same time (for example right-upper corner of the stick).
For the adjustment of the deflections with respect to single commands refer to the table
below. The adjustments are referring to trailing edge (elevon to fixed trailing edge). Note that
these are from measured based on an “offset” of 2mm, see above.
Function
Elevon up [mm]
Elevon down [mm]
Pull - Push
Roll
14
13
10
10
Expo
[%]
50-70
0
The adjustments are suggestion in order to do the first flights.
27
7. Flying
Tailless wings have a different flight behavior than normal airplanes.
Avoid flying too slow, especially in curves. The more you pull, the more the wings lift will be
decreased due to de-cambering.
Pay special attention flying under turbulent gust conditions too slow and too near on the
slope. With the CG location according to the plan, the up2you is able to tailspin if you pull to
much. To recover a tailspin, command the aileron to neutral and push.
We recommend flying the up2you generally a little bit faster than comparable normal sail
planes. It looks best and will supply its best performance.
Throw it with enough power for the first start. Hold it on the hook strips between the thumb
and ring finger, with the forefinger/middle finger on the trailing edge.
There is a little nose up behavior after finishing curves. This is not tricky, but something may
be to recognize and learn during the first flights. Be aware and push a little bit after finishing
curves. Also you may program a mixer.
The bungee is without any problems. Use a middle hook position and a split cord with approx.
40 cm. Hold the model with two fingers on the leading edge and tighten the bungee. You
can’t fail with enough bungee tension.
Have Fun !
28
8. Layout and Performance
The flight mechanical layout of the up2you is based on a nearly pitching moment free airfoil.
The airfoil itself shows nearly no tendency for separation bubbles for Reynold numbers where
the up2you is designed for.
Experiments with an up2you, equipped with three-dimensional trips (zig-zag trip) showed no
different behavior.
Swept back wings have the advantage against flying boards that the sweep back in addition
with the wing twist can be used to stabilize the wing, hence an airfoil can be used witch
supplies more lift. On the other side the sweep back gives some more problems with respect
to the wings strength. The used building method with the covered nose and the plywood beam
body was intended to avoid these problems.
Best glide trim speed was calculated for a lift coefficient of Cl = 0.5. For this lift coefficient,
the elevons trailing edge are complying with the fix trailing edge. For slow flying in thermals,
the elevons are deflected 2 mm upward.
The design concept was also based on lowest weight in order to get the best performance for
weak conditions. The wing loading can be increased by adding ballast; this increases the
penetration and control performance for windy conditions.
29
02-Oct-2012
Profilpolare MH 62
1
+___+ Re=100000
*-----* Re=200000
o-.-.-o Re=400000
Ca
0.5
0
-0.5
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
Cw
0.016
0.018
0.02
0.022
Auftriebsanstieg
1
0.8
k = 0.11 1/deg (6.052 1/rad, entspricht 96 % 2pi )
alpha0 = -0.52 deg (-0.009 rad)
0.6
ca
cm0 = -0.000
0.4
0.2
0
-1
0
1
2
3
4
alpha [deg]
5
6
7
8
Figure 7.1, Airfoil Polar Plot
30
Sinkgeschwindigkeit [m/s]
Datenfile: up2you
0
vsmin = -0.32 m/s bei 21 km/h
-0.5
-1
minimaler
deg
maximalerAnstellwinkel
Anstellwinkel(Bezug:Profilsehne
(Bezug:Profilsehnevon
vonWurzel):
Wurzel):3.5
10.9
deg
Anteil
der
Interpolationen
mit
Re(yi)
>
Remax:
0
%
Anteil der Interpolationen mit Re(yi) < Remin: 52 %
-1.5
20
Gleitzahl
20
25
30
35
40
Bahngeschwindigkeit [km/h]
45
50
45
50
Emax = 19.3 bei 24 km/h
15
10
5
20
25
30
35
40
0
20
-0.5
15
Gleitzahl
Sinkgeschwindigkeit [m/s]
02-Oct-2012
-1
-1.5
0
0.2
0.4
Ca
0.6
0.8
10
5
0
0.2
0.4
Ca
0.6
0.8
Figure 7.2, Performance Plots
Upper plot: Sink speed versus glide speed
Middle plot: L/D versus glide speed
Lower plots: Sink speed and L/D versus coefficient of lift
31
-0.5
-1
vsmin = -0.32 m/s bei 21 km/h
(vsmin = -0.34 m/s bei 22 km/h)
___ c:\matlab~1\modell\leistungsdaten\up2you.mat
15
50
55
50
55
(Emax = 19.4 bei 25 km/h)
10
5
20
25
30
0
35
40
45
Bahngeschwindigkeit [km/h]
20
-0.5
Gleitzahl
Sinkgeschwindigkeit [m/s]
02-Oct-2012
--- c:\matlab~1\modell\leistungsdaten\up2you_ballast.mat
-1.5
20
25
30
35
40
45
Bahngeschwindigkeit [km/h]
20
Emax = 19.3 bei 24 km/h
Gleitzahl
Sinkgeschwindigkeit [m/s]
Leistungsvergleich
0
-1
-1.5
0
0.2
0.4
Ca
0.6
0.8
15
10
5
0
0.2
0.4
Ca
0.6
0.8
Figure 7.3, Comparison of performance data without and with ballast (dotted
line refers to ballast)
32