Energy

Transcription

Energy

IPPC Document B2.5.1
Energy
Waste recycling facility and baling plant
Ħal Far, l/o Birżebbuġa
PA 2453/10
EPF/A/PAF/12/75
Dr. Joe A Doublet PhD (Wales)
Applicant
Perit Ġorġ Cilia
Architect
Perit Joe Grech B.E.& A. (Hons), A.& C.E.
April 2012
EIS waste recycling facility, ELV and baling plant, Ħal Far, l/o Birżebbuġa
Table of Contents
1
Operational Phase ............................................................................................................... 5
1.1
1.1.1
Energy considerations ................................................................................................ 5
Energy demand ....................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Fuel for combustion engines .................................................................................. 7
Page 2 of 28
List of Figures
Figure 1: 3D model showing estimated light intensity and distribution by the proposed
lighting setup. ............................................................................................................................. 6
Page 3 of 28
List of Tables
Table 1: Estimated electrical demand at proposed Baling Plant ................................................ 5
Table 2: Estimate consumption of fuel and carbon dioxide emissions. ..................................... 7
Page 4 of 28
1 Operational Phase
1.1 Energy considerations
An engineer was contracted to study the level of energy consumption and the potential for
energy conservation measures which could be undertaken on site during the operational phase
(see: Appendix I).
1.1.1
Energy demand
An exercise was undertaken to estimate the estimated electrical demand by the proposed
plant (see: Table 1).
Designation
Type of Service
1
Electric Motors
3 h.p. motor
7 h.p. motor
30 h.p. motor
5 h.p. motor
75 kW motor
3 h.p. motor
Lighting
External Lighting
Internal Lighting
General Power
Total Electrical Demand
Diversity Factor
Diversified Electrical Demand
2
3
No. of
units
Demand per
Unit kVA
Total Demand
kVA
10
1
4
6
4
6
2.7 kVA
6.3 kVA
27 kVA
4.5 kVA
83 kVA
2.7 kVA
27.0
6.3
108.0
27.0
332.0
16.2
9
1
1
0.28kVA
12 kVA
18 kVA
1.96
12.0
18.0
548.46
50%
kVA
274.23
Table 1: Estimated electrical demand at proposed Baling Plant
It is estimated that the total electrical demand of 548KVA would be required at the site if all
the electrical equipment would be switched on at the same time which is practically never the
case, hence a diversity factor of 50% is employed.
Following consultation with Enemalta Area engineer, the nearest existing substation exceeds
the stipulated safety distance to the premises, and thus an 11kV/400V substation has to be setup on site to cater for the projected load. To this effect, a substation room in line with
Page 5 of 28
Enemalta requirements has been included in the proposed development, which would thus
satisfy the above demand and also with ample space for future expansion.
1.1.1.1
External Lighting Scheme
The following lighting fixtures are being proposed to be used on site:

Type ‘A’: 400W High pressure Sodium Street Light Fixtures fitted on 10m Poles;

Type ‘B’: 150W High Pressure Sodium Street Light Fixture fitted on a wall bracket at 6m
Heights.
Such fixtures have a long service life and high efficiency lamps thus having a highly efficient
operation. A high output utilisation is obtained through highly efficient reflectors and as a
result that the fixtures are all down lighters. This would also limit glare output to the
neighbouring environment particularly the adjacent arterial road.
Figure 1: 3D model showing estimated light intensity and distribution by the proposed lighting setup.
Page 6 of 28
The proposed lighting scheme provides sufficient illumination levels to all areas of the
development, with an average illumination of 40-50 lux. Critical areas have an illumination
which exceeds 150 lux, which is essential for such areas.
1.1.2
Fuel for combustion engines
The operations of the proposed plant include the use of heavy vehicles and diesel driven prime
movers for a number of activities. Table 2 shows the estimated consumption of fuel from the various
machinery which will be used on site and the corresponding carbon dioxide emissions. In order to
reduce on carbon dioxide emissions it is being recommended that biodiesel would be sued instead of
the standard product. These figures were produced by taking into consideration the type of engines
which will be used on site and also the number of working days when these would be employed and
the normal transit journeys normally employed by the company in order to run its business. This
included also the transit journeys from the plant to the port area for the purpose of loading vessels with
material to be exported.
Type of equipment
Shredder plant
Local Handling and transport
Excavators/Shearers
Daily consumption of diesel /
dm3
400
145
220
Annual emissions /
Tonnes CO2/ yr
256.00
92.80
140.80
Table 2: Estimate consumption of fuel and carbon dioxide emissions.
Page 7 of 28
Appendix I
Energy Report
Page 8 of 28
Our Ref. No. VB/me/1977/12
Date: 30th May 2012
Application No.: PA 2453/10
Location: Construction of Bailing Plant at HHF 601, Hal Far, Qasam
Industrijali, Birzebbuga.
Subject: Energy Demand, Energy Saving and Environment Friendly Measures
1.0 Scope
The scope of this report is to detail the energy demand of the proposed development
and the industrial activities being planned to be undertaken, together with measures being
projected and others which have already been incorporated in the engineering designs
and technical specifications of the new bailing plant hereby proposed. Such measures
have been targeted to obtain significant and daily energy saving, throughout the life
cycle of the building by implementing permanent environment friendly procedures
and installations, and to limit carbon dioxide emissions produced through such
operations, to the minimum.
2.0 Electricity Consumption and Savings
Energy consumption saving has a significant effect on the running of a bailing plant of this
magnitude, given its size and capacity. Apart from the commercial aspect which has a
direct impact on the annual running costs of the plant, electricity consumption savings
reflect in reduced emissions of environmental harmful gases from our utility power
generating stations, being more termed as reduction in the carbon footprint of the
building.
Reduction in electricity and energy consumption is being anticipated to be
achieved by the following measures:
2.1 Day lighting
Page 9 of 28
Utilising and optimising on the use of daylighting, as most of the operations are
carried out in open spaces, leaving covered areas only for storage purposes. Lighting
used for covered areas and security during dark hours will be of high efficacy, giving a
high illumination rate per watt of electricity used. This is dealt in greater detail in
report reference VB/rg/R1847/11, also forming part of this submission.
2.2
Energy Efficient Lighting.
Lighting
in
the
entire
complex
will
be
entirely
provided
through
highly
efficient luminaries equipped with energy saving lamps, particularly metal halide
(HIT), high pressure sodium (HST), LED technology, high efficient fluorescent (T5-FL),
compact fluorescent (CFL) and similar energy saving type of lamps. These types of
lighting bulbs have a high luminous output and thus give a higher light output for a
lower wattage and energy consumption, and much lower heat emissions.
The latter
would impose a lower heat demand on air-conditioning and ventilation systems and thus
gaining a further energy saving from this aspect. Moreover, all such lamp technologies
provide a longer service life, resulting in lower maintenance interventions and costs.
2.3 Power Factor Correction
Most of electrical motors and energy saving lighting systems result in the creation
of reactive power, which is unused, but yet still consume reactive power which needs
to be generated by our power stations. To compensate for this, it is being designed to
install localised power factor correction equipment and thus each fixture and equipment
shall be specified to include in-built power factor correction facilities to compensate at
source and eventually null this unused component of generated power.
This would
furthermore reduce electric currents passing through the feeding cables, resulting in a
directly proportional loss reduction due to heat emissions and thus further energy saving.
Page 10 of 28
Moreover, automatic power factor correction equipment will be provided on the main
switchgear, to correct any residual power factor at the incoming source of supply, not
sufficiently corrected by the local power factor correction modules.
2.4 Building Management Control System
All major electrical power consuming equipment and plant will be monitored
and controlled by a Building Management Control System.
The system shall
incorporate on- line status monitoring of all equipment, to enable the operator to sense
and identify equipment which is unnecessarily in operation, and to operate such
equipment at a load related duty.
2.5 Variable Speed Control Drives
All motor starting will be controlled via star-delta starting and for the more commercially
viable motors, by means of VVF inverter controlled starting units.
The latter
motor control systems shall be fitted on variable loads drives, where plant will be
driven at lower torque during low load and idle cycle operations. This will increase the
load factor of the motor, resulting in operating the motor closer to the optimum
efficiency operating point.
2.6 Presence Controlled Lighting Schemes
It is being recommended and included in engineering designs that all lighting
facilities and all common areas, toilets and staff rooms are to be equipped and
controlled by presence detectors.
The signal from each respective detector shall
enable the automatic control of the lighting in the particular zone, without the need of
any manual intervention. In case of non-presence detection, for a pre-determined, user
selectable time period, the lighting in the zone will be disabled. This has significant
energy saving throughout the daily activities in this industrial facility
2.7 Photocell Control Lighting Schemes for External Lighting
Page 11 of 28
It is being recommended and included in the designs that all external lighting will be
controlled via a photocell unit. This ensures that the external areas are being
equipped with artificial lighting for security purposes only during periods of low
natural illumination, and non-depending neither on human intervention, nor on time,
which varies from one season to another. Apart from energy saving, this has a
significant impact on maintenance and lamp replacement interventions.
3.0 Water Heating
The premises will have a daily demand for hot water, which is used for the
personnel toilets and changing rooms.
Two in number 4 square meter collector and 300 litre capacity solar water heaters
are being proposed to cater for this hot water demand.
Considering a maximum of 15 personnel, at a daily hot water demand of 30 litres
per person, this results in an annual total demand of 112 cubic meters.
The energy required to heat up this water from say 20 deg.C to 60 deg.C is given by : Q
=mxCxθ
Q = 112k kg x 4.2 kJ/kgK x 40 K Q = 18,816k kJ
Q = 5,300 kWhr per annum.
The type of solar water heaters being hereby considered is calculated1
to
produce 4,248kWhr/yr at the local conditions, (solar radiation, latitude, south
orientation, 45deg tilt) and the extra energy required is only 120kWhr per year. This
takes into consideration that significant amount of hot water is being utilised during
the periods of presence of solar radiation.
The energy demand and the respective saving in emissions is tabulated in Table 1.
4.0 Space Cooling and Heating Systems
Page 12 of 28
It is being designed that the air-conditioning systems for the administration block will
be provided through air cooled high efficiency inverter driven compressor units (
Variable Refrigerant Technology).
A total of five split type AC units are being designated to the administration and
changing room building, which at a nominal cooling capacity of 5.6kW and an EER of
3.8, results in a total electrical demand of 5 x 1.5kW = 7.5kW. Taking a utilisation
factor of 0.8 for the hot season, say 150 days for an 8 hour period, it results in an
energy consumption of 7,200kWhr/yr. Comparing this consumption to the consumption
of conventional air conditioning plant, it results that a conservative 25% saving is
achieved.
In the heating mode, the COP of inverter type split AC unit is in the region of 4.1
and taking a utilisation factor of 0.6 and a 10 hour period for 90 annual days, it results
in an annual energy consumption of 3,690kWhr. This would have been 15,120kWhr if
standard electric element heaters were to be used, and around 4,800kWhrs if
conventional (non- inverter type) ac units were employed. However, it is being planned
and consultations are under way with the main bailing machine suppliers, to provide
such heat energy through recovery from the diesel driven combustion engine. Given the
magnitude of such drive in this application, all such heat energy required for space
heating will be obtained from this heat recovery process. This results in a further
saving of 4,800kWhr and respective emissions per annum.
5.0 Ventilation of Changing Rooms and Storage Areas
Ventilation for changing rooms and toilets will be provided through natural ventilation
openings, which will be provide at opposite high/low levels, to enhance the induction
of such air changes by convection currents and air movements depending on the actual
wind force and orientation. This is being calculated to save the installation of four
Page 13 of 28
extractor fans at 120W each, which for an 8 hour duty for 250 days would use 960kWhr
per year.
All covered storage areas are being designed to be ventilated through natural
ventilation as opposed to mechanical ventilation. This is being achieved by providing
adequate low level louvered openings and non-motorised roof top mounted extractor
fan ventilator units. Cross ventilation will be induced by convection currents, due
to temperature difference of air at floor and ceiling level, which air flow will force the
free running fan impeller to rotate, assisting further the induction of natural air
currents, and thus providing an energy free ventilation system.
It is estimated that such energy free roof top ventilators have eliminated the
employment of at least six extractor fans, 600W each, for an 8 hour duty for 250
days. These would have used some 7,200kWhr per year. This has thus contributed to the
elimination of electrically operated air extraction equipment, contributing further to a
reduced overall electrical energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
Page 14 of 28
6.0 Rain Water and Second Class Water collection
The proposed development shall incorporate two in number underground water
reservoirs for collection and storage of rain water and second class water respectively.
Rain water shall be collected from the roof tops of all covered areas. This will be directed
to the designated rain water reservoir and used for local fresh water demands,
with the remainder being possibly retailed to bulk bowser water distributors.
Grey water will be collected from the extensive drive-ways and open areas of
the industrial complex, and stored into the designated grey water reservoir after being
filtered through an oil separator. Second class water shall then be minimally treated
and pumped through designated pipework to provide second class water for toilets
flushing, irrigation and cleaning and washing amenities. The remainder will possibly
be retailed to bulk bowser grey water distributors. Drawing number BLP/HLR/M01 revision 1 dated 14.05.12 shows the proposed interventions and installations, and is
hereby attached and forms an integral part of this report.
The annual water demand for an occupancy of 15 employees, at 100 litres per day
each, results in 1.5m3/day, which for 250 working days amounts to 375m3 per
annum. The energy consumption per m3 of water production is calculated from the Water
Services Corporation Annual Report 20082, where it is listed that 130GWhr have
been used to produce 30.8Mm3 of potable water. This results in an energy rate of
4.22kWhr/m3. This implies that the annual water demand of 375m3 requires an annual
energy of 1,583kWhr.
7.0 Motor Starting
Page 15 of 28
All motor starting will be controlled via star-delta starting and in the case of
more frequent start-ups, by means of VVF inverter controlled starting units. The latter
starting systems shall, in particular and as already amplified in the respective previous
section, be fitted to the air-conditioning plant motors which apart from eliminating the
significant starting current surges during start-ups, the number of start-ups are
reduced and the energy consumption is also reduced due to lower speed / capacity
running.
8.0 Insulation of building envelope
Measures to reduce the energy consumption of the building have also focused on
the building envelope, which play an important part on the energy requirements
by the operations undertaken within the premises, in order to maintain a comfortable
habitable indoor temperature.
The building envelope comprises mainly of three
components, namely walls, ceilings, and apertures.
8.1 Walls
Dividing walls are generally in plastered hollow concrete bricks or structural concrete
elements. Exposed walls are made up of double hollow concrete bricks, with a 50mm
air gap.
8.2 Ceilings and Roofs
All exposed ceiling and roofs will be covered with a 50mm layer of insulated
material having a high insulating properties with a thermal conductivity of
0.034W/m.K. This will provide adequate insulation to the administration building and
stores, ensuring full compliance with the Technical Guide F and well within the
minimum requirements on the Energy Performance of Building Regulations in Malta.
8.3 Apertures
Page 16 of 28
Apertures to exposed areas will comprise of an aluminium frame equipped with
thermal break and double glazed. The glazing comprises of a typical 4mm and 4mm
panel with a 14mm gap filled with 10% air and 90% argon.
9.0 Fuel for Combustion Engines
The operations in the proposed plant also include significant use of heavy trucks
and diesel driven prime movers for a number of activities. Table 2 lists the number
and type of diesel engines employed for each activity, with the respective projected usage
time and fuel consumption. This fuel consumption is subsequently entered in table
1 and the resultant emissions have been tabulated.
Page 17 of 28
Transportation
1
Heavy Vehicle
ERF Trucks (1998)
Engine
Cummins 325 HP 10 ltr
Fuel
Diesel
Fuel Consumption
70 liters per working day
Quantity in fleet
5
Utilisation & Consumption
Qty
Rate per day
No of days
Annually
Liters per
Annum
Average
Liters per
Day
Two trucks Daily
2
70
250
35,000
140
Three trucks every 2 months
3
70
6
1,260
5
145
Liters per
Annum
Average
Liters per
Day
Total
Excavators
2
Heavy Vehicle
VOLVO Excavator (1997)
Engine
Volvo 350 HP 12Ltr
Fuel
Diesel
Fuel Consumption
Quantity in fleet
3
Qty
Rate per day
No of days
Annually
1
One Excavator Daily
Two excavators 3 days
weekly
2
100
250
25,000
100
100
150
30,000
120
220
Liters per
Annum
Average
Liters per
Day
100,000
400
Total
Shredder (1995)
3
Heavy Vehicle
Engine
AGO-SACM V12 -1900
BOR
(1995)
Fuel
Diesel
Fuel Consumption
Quantity in fleet
1
Qty
Daily Shredder Operation
Rate per day
No of days
Annually
1
400
Total
250
400
Table 2 : Fuel Consumption by Combustion Engines
Page 18 of 28
The emissions hereby calculated have been based on standard quality fuel. The operator will
seek to procure a more environmental friendly fuel, like a higher percentage of
biodiesel, in order to reduce the rate of CO2 emissions per litre of fuel consumed.
10.0 Renewable Energy Sources
The extensive roof surface areas and the location of the complex makes it a very attractive
site for a Photo Voltaic Solar Panel farm. Despite that for the time being capital
investment and project implementation are being focused on matters directly related to the
line of business of the entity, such potential of the site in renewable energy sources, and
particularly in Photo Voltaic Solar Panels, is intended to be exploited.
The proposal includes the installation of photovoltaic systems on the two main roofs of the
complex, namely the office block and roofed over stores building. The amount of photo
voltaic panels which can appropriately installed on each respective roof is given in table 3.
Drawing number BLP/HFR/PV-01 revision 1 dated 14.05.2012 hereby attached, shows the
installation being proposed and forms an integral part of this report.
The design has taken into consideration the orientation of the panels, best inclination and
adequate spacing in order to avoid shading from adjacent / front panels, even during the
winter low sun elevation season.
Building
Roof Area – m2
PV Panel kWp
Office
90
5.64
Main Store Building
104
24.44
Total
30.08
Table 3 – Photovoltaic Systems
Page 19 of 28
11.0 Electrical Demand
The primary electrical loads and operations involving the direct use of electrical power are listed in
the schedule in Table 4 below.
No.
of
units
Demand
per Unit
kVA
3 h.p. motor
10
2.7 kVA
27.0
7 h.p. motor
30 h.p. motor
1
4
6.3 kVA
27 kVA
6.3
108.0
5 h.p. motor
6
4.5 kVA
27.0
75 kW motor
4
83 kVA
332.0
3 h.p. motor
Lighting
6
2.7 kVA
16.2
External Lighting
Internal Lighting
9
1
0.28kVA
12 kVA
1.96
12.0
General Power
Total Electrical Demand
1
18 kVA
18.0
548.46
Designation
1
2
3
Type of Service
Total
Demand
kVA
Electric Motors
Diversity Factor
Diversified Electrical Demand
50%
kVA
274.23
Table 4: Electrical Demand Schedule
As indicated in the above table, the demand for each machine being employed, together with ancillary
services like lighting and general power outlets have been evaluated and summed up.
Thus the total electrical demand for the development has been worked out as shown, applying a
practical diversity factor of 50%. The total diversified electrical demand for the entire development
has resulted in 274 kVA.
Following our consultation with Enemalta Area engineer, the nearest existing substation exceeds the
stipulated safety distance to the premises, and thus an 11kV/400V substation has to be set-up on site
to cater for the projected load. To this effect, a substation room in line with Enemalta requirements
has been included in the proposed development, which would thus satisfy the above demand and also
with ample space for future expansion.
12.0 Lighting Scheme
This section of this report details the lighting scheme being proposed for this development,
specifying the type of light fixtures being utilised, the projected light distribution, energy saving and
light pollution aspects.
Page 20 of 28
12.1
Lighting Fixtures
The lighting fixtures being proposed are as follows:-
Type ‘A’: 400W High Pressure Sodium FloodLight Fixture fitted on a 10m Pole.
Type ‘B’: 150W High Pressure Sodium Street Light Fixture fitted on a wall bracket at a 6m
Height.
All the above fixtures are equipped with long service life and high efficacy lamps, resulting in high
energy efficient operation. Moreover, all fixtures are equipped with high efficiency reflectors and are
intended for mounting for down-lighting purposes, and this implies a high light output utilisation.
12.2
Glare and Light Pollution
As already explained in the previous section, lighting fixtures have been selected for down-lighting
operation and equipped with high efficiency reflectors. This is an essential feature in order to limit
the glare output to the critical neighbouring environment particularly the arterial road, and thus keep
light pollution to minimum possible. Light scattering protection barns shall be included, particularly
on light fixture type A, the pole mounted floodlights, in order to avoid light scattering.
Drawing number BLP/HLR/L-01 hereby attached provides an accurate light intensity and
distribution layout. The drawing shows a complete illumination scheme with the light intensity
distribution covering all uncovered areas of the proposed plant. The lighting scheme being proposed
provides sufficient illumination levels to all areas of the industrial zone, with the average illumination
being 40 to 50 lux, which is marginally higher than that recommended at 30 lux. Critical areas like
the turning curves and obstruction zones have an illumination which exceeds 150 lux, which is
essential for such areas.
12.3
Lighting Control
Lighting control shall be as follows:1. Manual and Timer controlled for luminaires servicing particular zones, like the
stores access doors, overridden by a photocell controller
.
2. Photocell control for all the remaining light scheme in the common areas and
drives ways of the industrial complex.
Page 21 of 28
The above control method shall ensure utilisation of the artificial lighting only during low natural
lighting periods, avoiding human and / or timer setting errors. This contributes for an overall energy
efficient installation.
12.4
Further comments
The lighting scheme being proposed functional illumination levels to all areas of the industrial
complex and the overlying sports facilities, in relation to the respective activity being undertaken.
Illumination levels are in accordance with Guides LG6 and LG7 of CIBSE – The Chartered Institute
of Building Services Engineers.
Lighting fixtures selected satisfy the lighting requirements without posing light pollution to the
neighbouring environment. A number of illumination distribution simulation studies carried out, and
hereby attached, which indicate that whilst the necessary safety operating illumination levels have
been reached, illumination is concentrated on the designated operation zones, limiting light
dispersion through the use of specific down lighting luminaires. Lighting fixtures have been selected
to be equipped with energy saving lamps and control gear, and efficient reflectors, with light
dispersion control barns and louvers where necessary, such that together with the projected
orientation of the light fixtures, the best energy efficient installation is obtained.
13.0 Liquid Waste - Drainage
The premises will be equipped with a number of washrooms and toilets to serve the employees of the
industrial complex.
Consultation has been carried out with the Water Services Corporation area engineer, to evaluate the
location and invert level of the nearest gravity main sewer in the area. Studying the information
provided by WSC, it results that the nearest gravity main is located in Ħal Far road, and its invert
level is well below (some 2m and over) than our projected outflow invert level. Further consultation
has been carried with WSC and it has been agreed that we shall provide a cesspit, accessible from
street level for emptying by a mobile bowser, but primarily equipped with a submersible pump and a
rising discharge pressurised main, connected and discharging into the gravity main at Ħal Far road.
Page 22 of 28
Drawing number BLP/HLR/M-01 shows the size and proposed location of the cess pit, together with
the route of the pressure discharge pipework which will connect to the existing gravity main at Ħal
Far road.
14.0 Conclusion
The above measures have been studied and approved by the developers and are thus being further studied
and incorporated in the system engineering designs of the various services being prepared for this bailing
plant facility. During the course of the design, these measures are being implemented to ensure an optimum
design to considerably mitigate the environmental impact and achieve tangible energy savings. The above
measures shall result in a significant reduction of energy consumption when compared to conventional
design and installation methods, and will surely provide a lower impact on the environment together with
reduced carbon dioxide emissions and slender its carbon footprint.
_____________________
Ing. Victor Bonello
Consulting Engineer
BNel Engineering Consultancy
Page 23 of 28
Waste recycling facility, ELV and baling plant, Ħal Far, l/o Birżebbuġa
Designation
Operation
Fuel Type
Amount per day
1
2
3
4
Electrical
Machinery
External
Security
Lighting
Internal
Operation
Lighting
Electricity
Electricity
Electricity
Water Heating Electricity
Annual
Effective
Days
Amount
per Annum
Emissions
Rate
Annual
Emissions
Reduced
Emissions
days
MVAhr / liters
3
x10
kgCO2
TonnesCO2/yr
TonnesCO2/yr
516kVA x 8hrs @ 0.6 capacity
factor = 2,480kVAhr
2,480
1.96kVA x 10hrs @ 1.0 UF =
20kVAhr
20
12kVA x 8hrs @ 0.4 UF =
38.4kVAhr
150
372
0.878
327
49
365
7.3
0.878
6.4
3.2
250
9.6
0.878
8.4
4.2
38.4
5,300kVAhr
250
5.3
0.878
4.63
6
7
8
Space Cooling Electricity
Administration
& Changing
Rooms
Space Heating
Administration
& Changing
Rooms
1.58
Reduced emissions
estimated at 25% due to
higher EER as detailed in
section 4.0
0.878
6.32
4.27
All emissions reduced
through Heat Recovery
from Diesel Engine prime
mover of main bailing
machine as detailed in
section 4.0
0.84
through Natural
ventilation openings as
detailed in section 5.0
6.32
through Natural
ventilation openings and
48
Electricity (5.6kW/4.1x1.3=1.77)x5=8.9kVA
x 10hrs @ 0.6 UF = 54kVAhr
90
Ventilation - Electricity
Administration
& Changing
Rooms
Ventilation Storage Areas
7.2
Electricity
4.9
0.878
4.27
54
4 x 0.12kVA x 8hrs @ 1.0 UF =
3.84kVAhr
250
3.84
6 x 0.6kVA x 8hrs @ 1.0 UF =
28.8kVAhr
250
0.96
7.20
0.878
0.878
0.84
6.32
Reduced emissions
interventions detailed in
sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.6 & 2.7
4.55
7.5kVA x 8hrs @ 0.8 UF =
48kVAhr
150
Reduced emissions
interventions detailed in
sections 2.3, 2.4 & 2.5
Reduced emissions
estimated 5,300 120=5,120 @ 0878 =
4,550, as detailed in
section 3.0
21
5
Comments
Page 24 of 28
Designation
Operation
Fuel Type
Amount per day
Annual
Effective
Days
Amount
per Annum
Emissions
Rate
Annual
Emissions
Reduced
Emissions
days
MVAhr / liters
3
x10
kgCO2
TonnesCO2/yr
TonnesCO2/yr
28.80
9
10
11
12
13
Water
Shredder Plant
Diesel Engine
Local Handling
& Transport
Excavators
Photo Volatic
Systems
Electricity
Diesel /
Biodiesel
Diesel /
Biodiesel
Diesel /
Biodiesel
Electricity
15 x 100l/d =1.5 @ 4.22 =
6.33kVAhr
250
1.58
0.878
1.39
1.39
250
100.0
2.560
256.00
0.00
250
36.3
2.560
92.80
0.00
250
55.0
2.560
140.80
0.00
365
46.7
0.878
0.00
41.02
Total
TonnesCO2/yr
854.8
116.4
RESULTANT EMISSIONS
TonnesCO2/yr
738.4
6.33
400 liters per day
Comments
non-powered roof top
fans as detailed in section
5.0
through White and Grey
water collection as
detailed in section 6.0
400
Av 145 liters per day
145
Av 220 liters per day
220
40kWp @ 1,550 hrs =
46,624kWhr or 128kWhr per
day
128
Table 1 : Energy Consumption, Emissions and Reduced Emissions
Page 25 of 28
Page 26 of 28
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Page 28 of 28

Energy

Transcription

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