Annual Crime Prevention Guide Annual Crime Prevention Guide

Transcription

PEIPA
Pr i n c e Ed w a rd I s l a n d Po l i c e A s s o c i a t i o n
2009/2010 Edition
20th
Annual Crime
Prevention Guide
20 Years of Support from Island
Businesses
PEIPA
PEIPA extend
extend aa big
bigTHANKS!
THANKS!
Child
Abuse
PEIPA
PEIPA promotes
promotes sports
sports and
and aa
sense
sense of
of community
community for
for Island
Island youths
youths
years theme:
This year’s
theme: child
child abuse
abuse
EDUCATION,
EDUCATION, AWARENESS
AWARENESS
and
and PREVENTION!
PREVENTION!
AWARENESS
“Child abuse casts a shadow the length of a lifetime.”
~ Herbert Ward
A
D
D
T
C
I
N
O
I
It always starts simply and innocently enough.
It can easily end in harm and/or addiction. It doesn’t havvee ttoo.
Talk
lk to your son or daughter about alcohol and substance use.
Need help? Contact the people who can help:
Alberton
Summerside Charlottetown
Western Hospital
Prince County Hospital
(902) 853-8670
(902) 888-8380
Montague
Souris
Provincial Addictions
Treatment Facility
Addiction Services
Douses Road
Addiction Services
Souris Hospital
1-888-299-8399
(902) 838-0960
(902) 687-7110
ONE ISLAND FUTURE
Department of Health
O N E I S L A N D H E A LT
LT H S YS
YSTEM
message from the premier
20th annual crime prevention guide
1
executive
members
Milo Murray
President
Allan Kelly
Recording Secretary
Ron MacLean
Secretary Treasurer
John Flood
Vice-President East
Jason Blacquiere
Vice-President West
Dale Corish
Director West
Tim Keizer
Director East
2
2
message from peipa president
On behalf of the Executive and membership of the Prince Edward Island Police
Association, it is an honour and pleasure to present our 20th Annual Crime
Prevention Guide which focuses on child abuse prevention. Prince Edward Island
Police Association members encourage all citizens to carefully read the Guide, in hopes that through
education and awareness, we all are better able to protect children in the community. The abuse must
stop!
I would like to thank the residents and business owners on Prince Edward Island for their ongoing support
allowing the Prince Edward Island Police Association to further our community involvement and publish
our Annual Community Guide.
In closing, I strongly urge the members of the Prince Edward Island Police Association to support the
sponsors and advertisers listed in this Crime Prevention Guide, who have been an important part of our
success over the past twenty years.
Sincerely,
Milo Murray
President
Prince Edward Island Police Association
3
Charlottetown area Development Corp
We are proud to support the PEI Police Association Community Guide
QUEEN PARKADE
566-2133
FITZROY PARKADE
628-6622
POWNAL PARKADE
368-3653
Why park at a meter when you can be inside from the elements and not worry if your time has run out on the meter?
Did you know that you can park for FREE weekdays in any of the parking garages when you have your ticket validated
by any of the participating merchants in the downtown area. Remember to ask for your validation stamp when shopping
or banking.
All garages are open from 7am to midnight. Saturday parking is always free.
4
table of contents
1
2
3
7
9
11
13
15
Premier’s Message
Executive Members
President’s Message
Publisher’s Page
Message from the Mayor of Charlottetown
Message from the Mayor of Summerside
Charlottetown Chief of Police Message
Summerside Chief of Police Message
17
19
21
27
Lobby Day
Parkside Bike Rodeo
PEIPA Supports Youth Sports
Winsloe West Royalty Minor Soccer Tournament
31
41
45
49
55
59
64
Child Abuse Fact Sheet
Family Violence Initiative
The Maltreatment of Adolescents in Canada
Abuse is Wrong
Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect
Lessons from Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Child Abuse Resources
63
Advertisers’ Index
On the cover: Asher Wood
Photo courtesy of Tricia Harrison
5
6
publisher’s page
Marketing
Services (Atl.) Ltd.
On behalf of Fenety Marketing Services, welcome to the PEI Police Association’s
20th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focusing on Child Abuse Awareness. It is an
honour and a privilege working with PEIPA on assembling these publications with
important Crime Prevention information for PEI’s communities.
It is a tragedy that children suffer at the hands of adults, but unfortunately the hurt continues behind
closed doors. Violence against our children should not be tolerated. Hopefully the information contained
in this year’s publication will provide one more public resource to help the victims of this terrible crime.
I would like to extend sincere thanks to the many business and residential community members
throughout our province for their support of PEIPA’s Annual Telephone Appeal. Without you, this
publication would not be possible. Your generosity is very much appreciated, and we look forward to
your continued support of this annual community project.
Sincerely,
Mark T. Fenety
President
Fenety Marketing Services
“Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit
organizations across Canada.”
7
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8
message from the mayor of charlottetown
On behalf of the City of Charlottetown I wish to congratulate the Prince Edward
Island Police Association on the production of their 20th Annual Crime Prevention
Guide, 2010 edition with the theme being: Child Abuse Prevention, both within our
City and the Province as a whole.
Child Abuse, as with Elder Abuse, can come in various forms however it is imperative as a society that
we all work together to protect those in the vulnerable sector. The children of our community are our
Future and we must do everything in our power to ensure they live a healthy, safe and productive life. I
hope everyone who reads this guide will use the information provided to them to help protect the children
of our Province.
In closing, I wish all members of the Prince Edward Island Police Association well and thank all the
police officers for their contribution in making Prince Edward Island a better and safer place.
Sincerely Yours,
Clifford Lee
Mayor
City of Charlottetown
9
MacKinnon Bros.
Service Centre
419 Mount Edward Road
Charlottetown, PEI
Licensed Mechanics
Inspection • Alignment
Brake Service
892-7781
892-2771
North Rustico
Lions’ Club
Peter McKearney
Specializing in Security Guard Services, Port
Security, Security Consultation and Training,
Bylaw Enforcement and Lost Prevention.
Proudly serving our
community for 40 years.
Bowling, Catering and Bingo
Lounge: Open to the Public
10
Allen McKearney
379 Queen Street
Charlottetown, PEI
C1A 4C9
902-892-9977
Fax 902-892-6690
[email protected]
www.npssconsulting.ca
message from the mayor of summerside
On behalf of the City of Summerside, I wish to offer sincere congratulations to the
Prince Edward Island Police Association for producing the 20th Annual Awareness
Guide, 2010 edition, which this year focuses on Child Abuse Prevention within our
communities.
You are to be commended for the work which you perform as Police Officers. Through this Guide, along
with the many crime prevention programs which members are involved in, both in an official police
capacity and on a volunteer basis, you make not only our City, but all communities across Prince Edward
Island, a better and safer place in which to live and work.
Once again, please accept our best wishes to everyone involved in the Prince Edward Island Police
Association. As well, I take the opportunity of congratulating you on the 20th publication of the
Community Awareness Guide.
Sincerely,
Basil L. Stewart, Mayor
City of Summerside
11
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locations, comfort &
convenience. Variety
of apartment styles.
2 Locations
80 Buchanan Drive
Charlottetown, PE
628-4600
902-566-2490
www.killamproperties.com
12
511 Granville St.
Summerside, PE
432-3570
message from charlottetown’s chief of police
This year marks the twentieth year for the PEI Police Association Crime Prevention Guide.
Each year the Association produces a Crime Prevention/Awareness Guide, which provides
educational materials, information and prompts discussion on important issues facing our
communities.
This year, the Guide focuses on the issue of child abuse. Prevention is the best hope for
reducing child abuse and neglect and improving the lives of children and families.
Strengthening families and preventing child abuse requires a shared commitment of
individuals and organizations in every community.
The term "prevention" is typically used to represent activities that stop an action or behavior. It can also be used
to represent activities that promote a positive action or behavior. Research has found that successful child abuse
interventions must both reduce risk factors and promote protective factors to ensure the well-being of children and
families.
Knowledge is power, and education and information are key components to empowering individuals and making
our communities safer. It is our collective hope that those reading the Guide will find the information to be timely
and informative and that this information will foster positive discussion among family and friends.
The production of this Guide not only raises awareness on an important issue, but also assists the Police
Association in the efforts to fund and support very worthwhile projects within our Island communities.
On behalf of the members and staff of the Charlottetown Police Services, I would like to congratulate the PEI
Police Association for the production of this year’s Community Guide, and wish you every success in the future.
Yours truly,
A. Paul Smith
Chief of Police
Charlottetown Police Services
13
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• Interior / Exterior Drain Tiles
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Call Jonathan mackinnon
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A Wise Crack is a Dry One and WE GUARANTEE IT!
14
Mayor Basil Stewart
and
Summerside City Council
congratulate the
Police Association
on their Annual Crime
Prevention Guide.
www.city.summerside.pe.ca
message from summerside’s chief of police
Congratulations again to the PEI Police Association for continuing their good work
in producing their 20th Annual Guide. This year, the Association has focused on
‘Child Abuse Awareness’ as their topic for the Guide. This is an area that touches
so many Canadian families and it is very important that these types of messages go
out to the public as an education piece. The term ‘child abuse’ refers to the
violence, mistreatment or neglect that a child may experience while in the care of
someone they either trust or depend on, such as a parent, sibling, other relative, care
giver or guardian. Abuse may take place anywhere and may occur, for example,
within the child's home or that of someone known to the child, and may take several
forms such as: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional abuse.
The Canadian Red Cross reports that in the past thirty years, hundreds of children under the age of 18
were killed by family members, and that neglect is the most common form of reported child abuse cases,
making up more than 40% of all reported cases. Children and youth under the age of 18 represent only
one-fifth of the population, but are victims in more than 60% of reported sexual abuse offenses.
A child who is being abused may endure the abuse for a long period of time before telling anyone what
is happening and some victims never tell anyone about what they have experienced. Depending on their
age and stage of development, a child may not be able to communicate what has happened to them, or
they may fear they will not be believed. They may be convinced that the abuse is their own fault and, if
they tell anyone about it, they will be punished. They may fear that they or the abuser will be removed
from the home, or suffer other consequences. They may feel ashamed and want to keep the abuse a secret
to avoid being stigmatized or labeled.
It has been difficult to obtain a true and complete picture of child abuse in Canada because it often
remains hidden. Most provinces now have mandatory reporting laws that require those (including
professionals and members of the public) who suspect that a child is being abused to make a report to
the appropriate child and family services agency.
We must continue to battle for the rights of our precious children, and if need be, be their voice to report
when a suspected abuse is taking place. This form of abuse must end.
J. David Poirier
Chief of Police
Summerside Police Services
15
Clarey Consulting
Immigration & Investment
The Town
of Stratford
is pleased to support this
Guide and the work that the
P.E.I. Police Association does
on behalf of our residents.
Summerside Golf Club
902-436-2505
www.summersidegolf.com
Norman G. Clarey
Manager
85A Fitzroy Street
Charlottetown
Canada C1A 1R6
Phone: 1-902-569-4556
Cell: 1-902-626-9485
Fax: 1-902-569-4557
[email protected]
Come and Join
the Club
Rental • Sales • Service • Supplies
CONTRACTOR
INDUSTRIAL
HOMEOWNER
24/7 Emergency Service
CHARLOTTETOWN
61 Peters Rd.
894-7001
82 BEDS 49 NURSING,
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1-877-312-7368
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PLANNED ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
HOME COOKED MEALS
Nursing License No. 4
Community Care License No. 26
lobby day
canadian professional police lobby day
PEIPA Executive members Ron MacLean, Milo Murray,
Jason Blacquiere and Tim Keizer at the Canadian
Police and Peace Officers Memorial at Parliament Hill.
Liberal Senator, Catherine Callbeck
Minister of Fisheries and Oceans,
Gail Shea Progressive Conservative Party
Liberal MP, Wayne Easter
Liberal MP, Shawn Murphy
Liberal MP, Lawrence MacAulay
17
Hon. Gail Shea, M.P.
Egmont
Please do not hesitate to contact me at any time.
Nurses’ Union
902-892-7152
“Providing the care Islanders depend on”
Ottawa Office:
Room 556
Confederation Building
House of Commons
Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6
Telephone: 1-613-992-9223
Fax: 1-613-992-1974
Email: [email protected]
Constituency Office:
P.O. Box 520
100 School Street
Tignish, PE C0B 2B0
Telephone: 1-902-882-4493
Fax: 1-902-882-4494
Toll Free: 1-800-224-0018
The business of health. The health of business.
90 University Avenue, Suite 300,
Charlottetown, PE C1A 4K9
T: 902.368.8122 F: 902.628.4660
E: [email protected]
18
365 University Avenue,
Charlottetown PE
C1A 4N2
902.892.1892
community support
parkside bike rodeo 2010
The winners received bicycles courtesy of the PEIPA and Canadian Tire.
19
West Prince Bookkeeping
Certified Simply Accounting Consultants
Personal and Corporate Tax Returns
are pleased
to support the PEIPA
Elmsdale, PEI
902-853-3470
West Prince Industry Center
Tanya Craig
Youth Coordinator
234 Shakespeare Drive,
Stratford, PEI
C1B 2V8
Phone: 902-569-6925
Fax: 902-569-1845
E-mail: [email protected]
Web Site: www.youthcando.ca
Summerside, PE
Church # 902.436.6044
Family Services #
902.888.3870
Proud to support the
Police Association.
HOUSE OF COMMONS
HON. WAYNE EASTER, P.C., M.P.
OTTAWA
318 Justice Building
House of Commons
Ottawa, ON, K1A 0A6
TEL: (613) 992-2406
FAX : (613) 995-7408
www.peifuneralcoops.com
20
Malpeque
Agriculture Critic
Official Opposition
[email protected]
HUNTER RIVER
P.O. Box 70
Hunter River, PE, C0A 1N0
TEL: (902) 964-2428
FAX : (902) 964-3242
1 (800) 442-4050
community support
girls’ basketball
Coaches Tim Keizer and Julie McCabe with
Charlottetown Tigers (B) Provincial Champs. PEIPA
sponsored the uniforms.
Charlottetown Tigers Jr Mini Girls Basketball Team
Under 15 Girls Basketball Team
Mid Isle Magic Under 13 Girls Basketball Team
21
China Star Restaurant
265 WATER STREET, SUMMERSIDE, P.E.I.
10% OFF Takeout Orders of $24.00 or More
John’s Burner &
Sheet Metal
440 Tower St.
Summerside, PE
Prices do not include taxes, and excludes Holidays & New Year’s Eve
“The Best Chinese Food
in Prince Edward Island”
902-432-1435
888-3228
Thomas M. Carver Ltd.
Lime, Fertilizer, Sand & Gravel
Loader, Dozer, Float Rental
Alliston, P.E.I. C0A 1R0
PAT BANKS
Phone 962-2989
Owner/General Manager
1-902-962-2891 Fax
1-866-364-3555 Toll Free
18 Park St., P.O. Box 371, Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 7K7
Tel: (902) 628-6282
Fax: (902) 892-2866
www.signcraftpei.com
DAMAC CONSTRUCTION LTD.
24 GARFIELD STREET, CHARLOTTETOWN
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
David MacLeod
President
General Contracting - Specializing in Suspended Ceilings
Telephone (902) 892-1594
Fax (902) 368-8155
Arsenault’s
“No More Leaks
EAVESTROUGHING Over Your Head”
Residential &
Commercial Installations
Call Kevin at:
brakes inside eavesthrough)
854-3265
Wellington
• 5” Seamless Aluminum Eavestrough
• No More Rust and Leaks
• Variety of Colours to Choose From
• No Spikes Showing (installed with
Cell:
439-1548
• Soffit & Facia Installation
• Vinyl Shutters
• Satisfaction
ESTIMATES
Guaranteed
FREE
Acadia Construction
HORIZONTAL BORING
UNDERGROUND
Free Style or Case Bore
• Heavy Equipment Rentals
• Backhoe & Dozer Services
• Trucking
• Excavating - Hydroseeding
• Water & Sewer
• Concrete Pump Rental
436-2256
PO Box 125, Summerside, P.E.I.
22
community support
Cornwall Bantam AAA Baseball Champions
Charlottetown Royals Midget Baseball Team
Summerside and Area Baseball Association. In the photo
from left to right are: Cst. Troy McGee on behalf of PEIPA,
Sam Cameron, and SABA President Mike Cameron.
Bantam Champions - Sussex Rangers - 2010 PEIPA
Hockey Tournament, Summerside
PeeWee Champions - Halifax Hawks - 2010 PEIPA
Hockey Tournament, Summerside
Midget Champions - Acadia Jr. Axemen - 2010
PEIPA Hockey Tournament, Summerside
23
Doiron Fisheries
residential - Commercial - Industrial
Heating • New Construction • Renovations • Data Communications
Charlottetown 894-8414
Steve Jamieson - Owner
Electrical Contractor
Montague
Fax: 838-9152
[email protected]
838-3866
SERVING PEI - WE WELCOME YOUR CALL
P.O. Box 31
North Rustico, PEI
C0A 1X0
(902) 963-2442
Proud to Support
The Prince Edward Island Police Association
St. Mary’s
Holy Family
68 Broadway, Kensington, PE C0B 1M0
902-836-3609
Kaylee Hall
PO Box 253
Montague, PE
C0A 1R0
902.838.4399
Atlas Van Lines
(Canada) Ltd.
FOLEY’S TRANSFER INC.
BRIAN D. FOLEYS
9 Walker Drive
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
C1A 8S5
24 Hrs. (902) 894-9914
Fax (902) 566-4851
[email protected]
www.veseys.com
24
4ExpEriEncEd cErtifiEd Staff 4firSt aid 4cpr
4nutritiouS Lunch & SnackS 4Junior kindErgartEn
4kindErgartEn 4aftEr SchooL programS
4fuLL & part timE SpacES - opEn door poLicy
4infant to agE 12 4hourS 7:30am - 6:00pm
community support
Each year, PEIPA sponsors the Special Olympics Floor
Hockey Team. PEIPA purchased new jerseys for the
team this year!
The PEIPA sponsored the Sherwood AAA Falcons and
helped with their street hockey day on Grafton St. in
Charlottetown. Dean Field (left) and Damian Clarke (right)
are pictured here with members of the team.
Safe Grad PEIPA made a donation to Three Oaks
Senior High School’s Safe Grad. Cst. Jason Blacquiere
presented a cheque to student Kendall Stusk and staff
member Krista Hickey.
Csts. MacKenzie and Carver making a donation on
behalf of PEIPA to Three Oaks Senior High School to
assist in purchasing new equipment for their weight
room.
PEIPA sponsored the Provincial Weight Lifting
Championships.
Charlottetown City Police Bowl for Millions team.
25
RESTAURANT &
SEAFOOD MARKET
Casual Dining Inside or On The Wharf
Morrison’s Truck
Salvage
Full Menu Specializing in Seafood
RR#1 Coleman, PE
C0B 1H0
2 Prince St. Wharf, Charlottetown
368-2888
894-9311
Restaurant
Seafood Market/air pack service
902.859.2350
www.lobsteronthewharf.com
Home • Commercial • Auto • Life
H.L. SEAR INSURANCE LTD.
57 Grafton Street
P.O. Box 635
C1A 7L3
MARVEN MacDONALD
Bus: (902) 894-5066
Fax: (902) 368-3659
Lloyd Cudmore - P.ENG
4-G WALKER DRIVE
CHARLOTTETOWN, PE
C1A 8S6
BUS: (902) 892-8200
FAX: (902) 892-5155
EMAIL: [email protected]
DANIEL R. ROSS INC.
POTATOES, RUTABAGAS, BEEF CATTLE
BELFAST, R.R. #3
P.E.I. C0A 1A0
CANADA
BUS: (902) 659-2283
RES: (902) 659-2711
Dr. Guy Boswell
591 North River Rd.
Charlottetown, PE C1E 1J7
902-892-3200
Serving The Kensington Area
for over 25 Years
OPEN YEAR ROUND
Mon - Fri 7:30 am - 5:30 pm
DIanne lanK, BC - HIS
Hearing Instrument Specialist
Audio Consultants of P.E.I. Ltd.
Beltone Hearing Aid Centre
Polyclinic Professional Centre
199 Grafton Street, Suite 304
Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 1L2
26
Telephone: 894-8455
Fax: 892-0097
Toll Free: 1-877-994-8455
community support
winsloe west royalty minor soccer tournament 2010
Each year, the PEI Police Association
hosts the “Winsloe West Royalty Police Association Minor
Soccer Tournament” for teams from New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The participants range in
age from 10 to 18 years old.This event is always a success,
with hundreds of youths exhibiting great sportsmanship.
Congratulations to the champions, and thank you to
everyone who participated!
27
JVI COMMERCIAL
DRIVING SCHOOL
P.O. Box 92
Slemon Park, PE C0B 2A0
902-436-8774
The Delta Prince Edward is proud to support
the Prince Edward Island Police Association
202 Buchanan Drive
Charlottetown, PEI C1E 2H8
902-892-8584
Locally owned and operated by K & A
MacEachern Holding Ltd.
’S BOTTLE &
Y
E RECYCLING DEPOT
R
B
U
29 Garfield St.
A
Charlottetown, PEI
Phone: 566-4736
902-566-2222 • 1-888-244-8666
www.deltaprinceedward.pe.ca
Adult and Community
Education
ISO 9001:2003 Certified
• Summerside • Alberton
• Montague • Morell
140 Weymouth Street
Charlottetown, PE
Canada C1A 4Z1
Location: 305 Kent Street
Tel:
902-566-9628
Toll Free: 1-800-446-5265
Fax:
902-566-9688
E-mail:
[email protected]
Website: www.hollandcollege.com
M.Sc., M.A., Psy.D., C.Psych., L.Psych
Causeway Bay
Linkletter Hotel
Hubert Fraser, Wayne Johnston,
Ross White, Gerard Campbell,
Andy Campbell, Kevin Peters
email:
[email protected]
www.cclweb.com
28
• Concrete Products
• Ornamental Iron
• Steel Culverts
• Concrete Form Rentals
• Waterworks Supplies
• Concrete Restoration
311 Market St.
Summerside, PE C1N 1K8
902-436-2157
community support
winsloe west royalty minor soccer tournament
2010
29
CORNWALL
• Grocery Items
• Deli Items
• Lotto Machine
Dale Turner
Jim Honsberger
Yousef Hashmi
P.O. Box 1540
187 Queen Street
Charlottetown, PE
C1A 7N3
[email protected]
Tel: (902) 629-2563
Fax: (902) 368-8038
Toll Free: 1-800-474-1391
• Prepared Foods
Scotia
ScotiaMcLeod
McLeod
• Bank Machine
Cornwall Plaza, 628-6787 Cornwall
Don’s Bottle
Exchange
684 South Drive
Summerside, Prince Edward Island
436-4998
ScotiaMcLeod is a division of Scotia Capital Inc., a
member of the Scotiabank Group.
MACAUSLAND CONSTRUCTION LTD.
142 RUFUS STREET
SUMMERSIDE, PEI C1N 4K2
DOUG MACAUSLAND - REPRESENTATIVE
BACKHOEING • SNOW REMOVAL & TRUCKING
• BORING & TESTING • PIPE LINES
BUS. 902-436-6112
RES. 902-436-7476
ISLAND
EXCAVATORS
(1985) LTD.
EXCAVATION & TRENCHING
• Land Clearing
• Snow Removal
• Road Building
• Topsoil
• Heavy Equipment Rentals
• Shale & Gravel
• General Trucking
• Float Rentals
• Sand
• Water & Sewer
Construction
DANNY WEST
CELL [902] 628-5310
HOME [902] 675-3622
FACS IMILE 658-2802
6
8- 2785
65
582 785
S hop 658-2178
Bus: 902•838•3535
Fax: 902•838•2474
Robertson Road
P.O. Box 1120
Montague, P.E.I.
Canada C0A 1R0
Nurses’ Union
902-892-7152
“Providing the care Islanders depend on”
30
Phone: (902) 672-2842
Fax: (902) 672-1327
www.stanhopegolfclub.com
www.slemonparkhotel.com
home of
of Holland
hollandCollege's
College’sAtlantic
atlanticPolice
policeAcademy,
academy,and
aerospace
& Industrial
technology
Centre
Home
Aerospace
& Industrial
Technology
Centre.
Alsopower
home to
JVI Driver
Training
School
and training
AcademySchool
of Learning.
and motive
Centre.
also home
to JvI
Driver
and academy of learning.
Slemon Park Hotel & Conference Centre provides top quality training and conference facilities. We also
provide modern private hotel rooms and food services to the students and guests of our training institutions.
Slemon Park Hotel & Conference Centre is proud to support the PEI Police Association.
For more information about our facilities, please call Eric toll free 1-877-782-9734 or (902) 432-1742.
Department of Justice
Canada
Child Abuse:
A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada
WHAT IS CHILD ABUSE?
The term “child abuse” refers to the violence, mistreatment
or neglect that a child or adolescent may experience while in
the care of someone they either trust or depend on, such as a
parent, sibling, other relative, caregiver or guardian. Abuse
may take place anywhere and may occur, for example, within
the child's home or that of someone known to the child.
There are many different forms of abuse and a child may be
subjected to more than one form:
Physical abuse may consist of just one incident or it may
happen repeatedly. It involves deliberately using force against
a child in such a way that the child is either injured or is at
risk of being injured. Physical abuse includes beating, hitting,
shaking, pushing, choking, biting, burning, kicking or
assaulting a child with a weapon. It also includes holding a
child under water, or any other dangerous or harmful use of
force or restraint. Female genital mutilation is another form
of physical abuse.
Sexual abuse and exploitation involves using a child for sexual
purposes. Examples of child sexual abuse include fondling,
inviting a child to touch or be touched sexually, intercourse,
rape, incest, sodomy, exhibitionism, or involving a child in
prostitution or pornography.
Neglect is often chronic, and it usually involves repeated
incidents. It involves failing to provide what a child needs for
his or her physical, psychological or emotional development
and well being. For example, neglect includes failing to
provide a child with food, clothing, shelter, cleanliness,
medical care or protection from harm.3 Emotional neglect
includes failing to provide a child with love, safety, and a
sense of worth.
Emotional abuse involves harming a child's sense of self. It
includes acts (or omissions) that result in, or place a child at
risk of, serious behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental
health problems. For example, emotional abuse may include
verbal threats, social isolation, intimidation, exploitation, or
routinely making unreasonable demands. It also includes
terrorizing a child, or exposing them to family violence.
An abuser may use a number of different tactics to gain access
to a child, exert power and control over them, and prevent
them from telling anyone about the abuse or seeking support.
A child who is being abused is usually in a position of
dependence on the person who is abusing them. Abuse is a
misuse of power and a violation of trust. The abuse may
happen once or it may occur in a repeated and escalating
pattern over a period of months or years. The abuse may
change form over time.
HOW WIDESPREAD IS CHILD ABUSE IN
CANADA?
It has been difficult to obtain a complete picture of child
abuse in Canada because it often remains hidden. Most
provincial and territorial child welfare laws require those
(including professionals and members of the public) who
suspect that a child is being maltreated to make a report to the
appropriate child welfare authority. Yet many cases of child
abuse remain undisclosed, either because a child does not, or
cannot, tell anyone what has happened to them, or because
no one reports the abuse to the authorities.
A child who is being abused may endure the abuse for a long
time before telling anyone what is happening. Some victims
never tell anyone about what they have experienced.
There are many reasons why abuse may remain hidden. For
example, an abuser may manipulate, bribe, coerce or threaten
a child (or someone they love) to prevent them from telling
anyone about the abuse. Depending on their age and stage of
development, a child may not be able to communicate what
has happened to them, or they may fear they will not be
believed. They may be convinced that the abuse is their fault
and, if they tell anyone about it, they will be punished. They
may fear that they or the abuser will be removed from the
home, or suffer other consequences. They may feel ashamed
and want to keep the abuse (and related family problems)
secret to avoid being stigmatized or have their sexual identity
questioned.
A child who is being abused is usually in a position of
dependence on the abuser. The power imbalance between the
child and the abuser often increases the burden of disclosure.
Children who are sexually abused, for example, may not tell
anyone for a long time, or ever. Many children who
experienced abuse while living in special needs institutions,
child welfare facilities, youth detention facilities, and
residential schools for Aboriginal children are only now, as
adults, reporting the abuse.
Individuals who witness or suspect that a child is being
abused may not report it because they:
• want to avoid the demands of becoming “involved”
31
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32
Canada
Child Abuse:
• have personal views which condone the use of physical
punishment
• believe that the abuse is not “serious,” especially if the
child does not have visible or severe injuries
• believe that reporting the abuse to the authorities is not
in the child's best interest
• believe that reporting may not solve the problem
because, for example, there may be a lack of appropriate
services to help the child
• lack knowledge about the signs and symptoms of abuse
• not understand their responsibility to report abuse
• not know that they can report to child welfare agencies,
provincial or territorial social services departments or
police departments, or
• not know that a report can be made anonymously, and
that there are no legal consequences, unless the report is
false and is made maliciously.
Although many cases of abuse are still not reported to either
police or child welfare authorities, data from police reports
and child welfare authorities is still the most important source
of information about child abuse. A recent study, the
Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and
Neglect (CIS) estimated the extent of child abuse in Canada
based on data from child welfare authorities. The CIS is an
important milestone in providing a national picture of child
abuse. This study collected information about more than
7,000 child welfare investigations conducted across the
country during a three-month period in 1998. Based on this
data, the CIS estimated that there were 135,573 child
maltreatment investigations in Canada in 1998 - a rate of
almost 22 investigations for every 1000 children in Canada.
Child welfare workers were able to confirm that the abuse had
occurred in almost half (45%) of all cases.
The key findings of the CIS include:
Physical abuse: In 1998, about one third (31%) of
investigations involved physical abuse as the primary reason
for the investigation. Physical abuse was confirmed in about
one third (34 %) of these investigations, a rate of 2.25 cases of
confirmed physical abuse for every 1,000 children in Canada.
involved sexual abuse as the primary reason for the
investigation. Sexual abuse was confirmed in more than one
third (38%) of these cases, a rate of 0.86 cases per 1,000
children.
Neglect: Neglect was the primary reason for investigation in
40% of all cases in 1998. Neglect was confirmed in 43% of
these cases, a rate of 3.66 cases per 1,000 children.
Emotional maltreatment: In 1998, 19% of all investigations
involved emotional maltreatment as the primary reason for
the investigation. Emotional maltreatment was confirmed in
more than half (54%) of these cases, a rate of 2.20 cases per
1,000 children.
In addition to the CIS findings, the 1999 General Social
Survey on Victimization (GSS) provides additional
information on the extent to which children are exposed to
family violence. The GSS found children in approximately
half a million households had either heard or witnessed a
parent being assaulted during the five years prior to the
survey.
WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO CHILD
ABUSE?
There is no single, definitive cause of child abuse, and any
child - regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity, cultural
identity, socioeconomic status, spirituality, sexual orientation,
physical or mental abilities or personality - may be vulnerable
to being abused. Child abuse is a complex problem and there
are many different contributing factors (individual, familial,
social). Many experts believe that child abuse is linked to
inequalities among people in our society and the power
imbalance between adults and children. A child is usually in a
position of dependence on his or her abuser, and has little or
no power compared to the abuser.
There is increasing understanding that a child's vulnerability
to abuse may be increased by factors such as dislocation,
colonization, racism, sexism, homophobia, poverty and social
isolation. For example, in the past, many children sent to
institutions experienced abuse. Most of these children were
from marginalized groups in our society including, among
others, children with disabilities, children from racial and
ethnic minorities, Aboriginal children and children living in
poverty.
There are also factors that may increase a child's vulnerability
Sexual abuse: One in ten (10%) investigations in 1998
33
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Telephone: (902) 436-5101
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Web: www.mcpei.ca
Canada
Child Abuse:
to being abused - or compound the effects of abuse. For
example, a child's caregivers may experience barriers that
prevent them from acquiring the necessary skills, resources
and supports to prevent abuse, or they may lack access to the
services and supports they need to address it.
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD
ABUSE?
Child abuse has devastating consequences for victims.
Depending on its form(s), duration and severity, abuse may
affect every aspect of a child's life; it may have consequences
that are psychological, physical, behavioural, academic,
sexual, interpersonal, self-perceptual or spiritual.12 The
effects of abuse may appear right away, or surface only in
adolescence or adulthood. Further, the effects may differ
according to the nature of the response to the abuse, and
whether the abuse was disclosed or reported. In some cases,
the consequences are fatal.
Girls and boys are affected differently by abuse. Compared to
boys, girls are more likely to internalize their response to
violence, and experience, for example, suicidal ideation,
eating disorders, low self-esteem and psychological disorders.
Boys are more likely to externalize their response to violence,
displaying, for example, increased aggression, delinquency
and spousal abuse. Boys who have been exposed to violence
in their homes are more likely to be violent in their adolescent
and adult relationships than boys not exposed to violence.
PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO CHILD
ABUSE
In Canada, child welfare laws require that all cases of
suspected child abuse must be investigated to determine if a
child is in need of protection. If a child is determined to be
in need of protection, the child welfare authorities may
respond by, for example, providing counseling and support
for the family, removing the child (temporarily or
permanently) from the home, or removing the abuser(s) from
the home. Criminal sanctions may also apply in cases of
sexual or physical abuse.
Act (see Reforming the law and enhancing its
implementation);
• the extension of time limits for laying charges in child
sexual abuse cases, and
• the establishment of child protection agencies run by
First Nations.
Further, since the landmark reports by Badgley (1984) and
Rogers (1990), legislation to address child sexual abuse has
been created and efforts to address the sexual exploitation of
children are ongoing. Following the 1996 report of the Royal
Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, the federal government
acknowledged its role in the occurrence of physical and sexual
abuse in residential schools, and implemented a communitybased healing strategy for Aboriginal communities
(Gathering Strength).
Given the extent of child abuse in Canada - as well as the
complexity of this issue and its enormous impact - effectively
preventing, identifying and responding to child abuse is an
enormous but essential task. Addressing this issue requires
the ongoing commitment and collaboration of community
members, practitioners, and policy makers across Canada.
Community supports and services for victims and their
families are essential.
The Department of Justice du Canada and its partners including non-governmental organizations, provincial and
territorial governments and the private sector - are actively
involved in addressing child abuse issues through legal
reform, public and professional education, research and
support for programs and services. Some of this work is
linked to the Department's participation in the federal
government's current Family Violence Initiative which
focuses on violence against women and children that occurs
in the home, while other areas of activity are linked to other
initiatives including, for example, the National Children's
Agenda, the Aboriginal Justice Strategy, and the National
Strategy on Crime Prevention and Community Safety.
REFORMING THE LAW AND ENHANCING
Since the 1960s, significant steps have been taken to address ITS IMPLEMENTATION
child abuse in Canada including, for example:
• the introduction of mandatory reporting laws
• the creation of child abuse registries
• changes to the Criminal Code and the Canada Evidence
In Canada, child abuse and exploitation are prohibited by the
Criminal Code. For example, offenders may be charged under
the Criminal Code for assaulting children. At the provincial/
territorial level, child protection legislation permits
intervention to ensure children's safety and welfare.
35
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PH: (902)-566-4212
Fax: (902)-566-2516
Contact us with any of your building automation and service needs
Lloyd C. MacDonald
Business Agent &
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Kingston Electric Inc.
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566-5924
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Royal Canadian
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56 Main St.
PO Box 417
Souris, PEI
(902) 687-2300
36
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Canada
Child Abuse:
In recent years, the Criminal Code has been amended to
create new criminal offenses relating to child sexual assault, to
specifically include female genital mutilation in the
aggravated assault provision, and to amend the provisions on
child sex tourism. Currently, Bill C-15 proposes legislation to
protect children from sexual exploitation by criminalizing a
number of specific actions including luring children on the
Internet; transmitting, making available, or exporting child
pornography on the Internet; or intentionally accessing child
pornography on the Internet. Sentencing provisions would
also be strengthened. Bill C-15 also proposes measures to
make it easier to prosecute people involved in child sex
tourism.
Federal law also seeks to protect child witnesses. For example,
recent amendments to the Canada Evidence Act, which
define the forms of evidence that may be admitted in court,
allow children, depending on their age and the type of offence
involved, to be accompanied by a support person when they
testify in court. Further, children can no longer be crossexamined by an accused; they may be allowed to provide
testimony outside the courtroom or behind screens; and a
videotape may be admitted as evidence, in lieu of a child's inperson testimony.
As part of the Children as Victims Project, the Department
of Justice du Canada is conducting a comprehensive review
and consultation with its provincial/territorial partners and
the public to determine the need for further reforms to
criminal law and policy, particularly with respect to specific
offences against children, children's testimony, and
sentencing. The Project is exploring:
• adding new child-specific offences to the Criminal Code.
Child specific offences under review include: criminal
physical abuse of a child, criminal neglect of a child,
criminal emotional abuse of a child, child homicide, and
failing to report suspected crimes against children.
• ensuring that the Criminal Code provisions concerning
age of consent are appropriate. The areas under review
include raising the general age of consent to sexual
activity, and a possible amendment to ensure that a child
victim's apparent consent cannot be used as a defence.
•ensuring that the Criminal Code contains sentencing
provisions to better protect children. Possible
modifications currently under review include provisions
to: specifically emphasize the importance of
denunciation and deterrence of crimes against children;
provide the courts with additional tools to require longerterm supervision and mandate the availability of
treatment for offenders who pose a continuing danger of
re-offending against children; recognize the frequency
and seriousness of child abuse in the home and at the
hands of parents and caretakers; encourage the courts,
when sentencing offenders in these cases, to place less
emphasis on an offender's previous good character, since
it is not unusual for such offenders to lack a prior
criminal record; and require the courts to emphasize the
emotional and psychological harms caused to children in
assessing the gravity of the offences and the conduct
involved.
• improving the experience of child witnesses and
facilitating their testimony in criminal proceedings.
Potential changes under review include: eliminating the
required competency hearing for child witnesses; making
the use of testimony outside the courtroom or behind
screens more widely available; increasing the use of
videotaped evidence; changes to the use of hearsay
statements; ensuring that delays in the court process do
not jeopardize the availability of support for child
37
The community of
TIGNISH
is proud to be a part of our
PEI POLICE ASSOCIATION
BATTLE AGAINST CHILD ABUSE CAUSE
As we all know...
One child abused is one too many!
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Trinity United Church
90 Spring Street
Summerside, PE
C1N 3E4
902-436-3155
FAX: 902-436-3002
[email protected]
www.trinitysummerside.ca
PO Box 205 Morell, PE C0A 1S0
902.961.3330
MJL Enterprises Inc.
Jason MacDonald President
1-800-378-8680
14 Great George St.
Charlottetown, PE C1A 4J6
Tel 902-367-3422 Fax 902-357-3424
www.mjlfirst.com [email protected]
Mechanics Inc.
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Tune-ups, Gen. Repairs, Brakes, Shocks, Analyzers
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98 Water Street, Summerside PE C1N 5V5
1 902 436 5963
38
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Richmond, PE C0B 1Y0
902.831.2106
Canada
Child Abuse:
witnesses; ensuring that supports are available regardless
of the type of offence; and ensuring that children are not
questioned in ways that are inappropriate to their age and
development during cross-examination.
Some of the Department's other areas of activity which
impact on the issue of child abuse include:
• The Supreme Court of Canada has recently upheld the
Criminal Code of Canada's possession of child
pornography provision.
• A Federal/Provincial/Territorial Working Group on
Prostitution has been addressing the issue of youth
involvement in prostitution through research and
consultations in most jurisdictions. The Working
Group's report on legislation, policy and practices
concerning prostitution-related activities was released in
December 1998.
• The Department is actively involved in international
efforts to prevent trafficking in children and child sexual
exploitation.
• The family law system and the federal Divorce Act are
also important tools for addressing the issue of child
abuse. The Department is consulting with Canadians to
determine how the legal system can improve its response
to family violence when parents are separating or
divorcing, and what changes (if any) should be made to
the federal Divorce Act to promote child-centred
decision-making in situations of violence to ensure the
safety of children and others.
OTHER STRATEGIES TO PREVENT AND
RESPOND TO CHILD ABUSE
In addition to reforming the law and enhancing its
implementation, the Department of Justice du Canada is
involved in many other strategies to prevent and respond to
child abuse.
Education
Education involves providing children with knowledge about
their rights, and teaching them the skills to identify abuse, ask
for help, and avoid being re-victimized. Further, parents and
caregivers need information and support to help them care
for children in a positive and nurturing manner. The
Department supports public legal education programs across
Canada that educate the public about family violence,
including the prevention, identification and reporting of
child abuse.
Professional development and resources
Many different groups of practitioners may have contact with
children who are abused. Enhancing the awareness and skills
of judges, Crown prosecutors, defence lawyers, police, health
care workers, social workers, psychologists, and teachers
about child abuse enables effective intervention. The
Department works with its partners to support specialized
training for justice system and law enforcement personnel in
order to build a coordinated multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary
response with other systems.
Research, data collection and information sharing
The Department is involved in a number of national-level
research and data collection activities related to child abuse
that will help to:
• increase knowledge about child abuse and its impacts
throughout different stages of life
• improve information exchange between government
agencies
• increase the effectiveness of responses to child abuse,
and
• enhance services and supports for children.
Support for program and service delivery
Support and intervention for children and families who have
experienced abuse, or who are at risk, are essential. Through
project funding the Department of Justice Canada supports
pilot projects to develop, test and assess models, strategies
and tools to improve the criminal justice system's response to
child abuse.
Through the National Strategy on Crime Prevention and
Community Safety, the Department supports communitybased prevention and intervention programs that address risk
factors for child abuse.
39
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Canada
FAMILY VIOLENCE INITIATIVE
THE CRIMINAL LAW AND MANAGING
CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOUR
The following explains what the criminal law says about how
parents, caregivers, and teachers may respond when children
under their care are misbehaving or doing something that
might be dangerous to themselves or others. It describes what
actions are acceptable and what actions may lead to criminal
charges and a possible conviction for breaking the law.
Changes in society
In the past, it was acceptable to hit people to make them obey.
Sea captains, factory owners, employers, teachers, and parents
could use physical force as a punishment. Many years ago,
children, students, servants, and employees might, for
example, be whipped to punish them or force them to do
certain tasks. In those days, the justice system would not
usually have been involved unless the adult or child were
seriously injured or killed.
Over the last century, society has changed and the law has
changed too. Employers are not allowed to hit their
employees–ever. School boards have banned teachers from
hitting students or using a strap, ruler, or other object to
discipline students.
Today, parents may be breaking the law if they punish their
child in the same way that their own parents punished them.
The law on assault in the Criminal Code
The Criminal Code says that assaulting someone or
threatening to assault someone is a crime. Slapping,
punching, pinching, kicking, restraining, or even touching are
all examples of actions that may be considered assault.
However, not every action involving contact or the threat of
contact between two people is assault. There are some
exceptions. People may give their consent to contact. So, for
example, hockey players may body check each other and
boxers may punch each other without it being a crime. This
is because they have given their consent to physical contact
within the rules of the sport.
Section 43 of the Criminal Code — an exception to the
law on assault
The Criminal Code contains a section that provides another
exception to the law on assault. Section 43 allows parents,
caregivers and teachers to use reasonable force to correct a
child's behaviour or a student's behaviour without being
found guilty of assault.
Section 43 of the Criminal Code says:
Every schoolteacher, parent or person standing in the place
of a parent is justified in using force by way of correction
toward a pupil or child, as the case may be, who is under
his care, if the force does not exceed what is reasonable
under the circumstances.
This means that, under some circumstances, when parents,
caregivers, or teachers use reasonable force to control a child
or keep the child or other children, safe, they may not be
found guilty of a criminal offence.
However, section 43 is not a defence for every action a parent,
teacher, or caregiver may take. A parent, teacher or caregiver
may only use reasonable force. And they may only use that
reasonable force when it is connected to their duties to the
child. Section 43 cannot be used as a defence, for example,
when a child has been harmed or abused.
The Supreme Court of Canada decision
A few years ago, the Supreme Court of Canada made a
decision about section 43 that helps to understand the law on
assault today.
The Supreme Court of Canada said that the use of force on
a child is only allowed to help the child learn. The parent,
caregiver, or teacher using force must be correcting behaviour
at the time it is happening, and the person must not use force
on a child in anger.
The Supreme Court of Canada found that it was not
appropriate to use force on a very young child or a teenager.
The use of force will only be allowed under the exception in
section 43 if the child is between two years old and twelve
years old. Using force to punish a child under two is not
appropriate because a child that young cannot learn from the
situation. Using force on a teenager is not appropriate
because there are better and more effective ways to respond
to a teenager's behaviour.
Section 43 says that the force used on a two to twelve-year-old
child must be "reasonable under the circumstances". The
Supreme Court of Canada defined "reasonable" as force that
would have a "transitory and trifling" impact on the child. For
example, spanking or slapping a child so hard that it leaves a
41
South Shore Pharmacy
420 University Avenue, Suite 201
C1A 7Z5
20424 Trans Canada Highway
Crapaud, PE C0A 1J0
Tel: (902) 368-7289
www.peifa.ca
Open Mon-Fri 9am - 9pm, Sat 9am - 5pm
* Sunday - Closed
Phone: 902-658-2212 FAX: 902-658-2198
“Working to improve the sustainability of
Island farms & farm families”
106 Kensington Rd. Bus: (902) 566-1532
Charlottetown, PE Fax: (902) 368-2499
C1A 5J5
The Pilot House
“Pub & Dining Room Featuring Prime Rib,
Fresh Seafood, Pub Menu,
Local & Imported Beer
Resv’s Recommended”
Proud to support the
P.E.I. Police Association
70 Grafton, Charlottetown
894-4800
MacRae’s
Backhoe & Trucking
specializing in septic systems, gravel, topsoil
and landscaping.
backhoe, excavator, dozer & truck rentals.
rr#2 vernon bridge, pe c0a 2e0
902.651.2489 or 902.393.0099
“Islanders Serving Islanders”
• Moving & Placing Heavy Equipment
• Erecting Steel & Non-Metal Structures
• Operating Personnel Basket & Cement Bucket
894-8139
After Hours: David Brown 892-9896
8 Ton Boom Truck
25 Ton Boom Truck / 135 Foot Reach
30 Ton Boom Truck / 150 Foot Reach
35 Ton Crane / 125 Foot Reach
Over 50 Years Experience
21 Ole Kings Square, Charlottetown C1A 1P8
42
Midway Custom
Construction
Albany PEI 855-2415
Canada
FAMILY VIOLENCE INITIATIVE
mark that lasts for several hours would not be considered
"transitory and trifling".
The Supreme Court of Canada also said that the force used
must not be degrading, inhumane, or harmful. The person
using force must not use an object, such as a ruler or belt, and
must not hit or slap the child's head.
Finally, the Supreme Court of Canada said that the
seriousness of the child's misbehaviour is not relevant. The
force used must be minor, no matter what the child did.
The use of force when managing children's behaviour
There are times when parents, caregivers, and teachers may
have to use force to control a child and keep the child, or
other children, safe. Grabbing a child to keep that child from
running across the street, carrying a screaming three-year-old
out of a store, or separating two young students who are
fighting may require a parent, caregiver, or teacher to touch or
restrain the child.
Without section 43, parents, caregivers, and teachers could
face criminal charges and have to go to court to defend their
actions whenever they used force to respond to a child's
behaviour.
Summary
The use of force to correct a child is only allowed to help the
child learn and can never be used in anger.
* The child must be between two years old and twelve
years old.
* The force used must be reasonable and its impact only
"transitory and trifling".
* The person must not use an object, such as a ruler or
belt, when applying the force.
* The person must not hit or slap the child's head.
* The seriousness of what happened or what the child did
is not relevant.
Using reasonable force to restrain a child may be acceptable
in some circumstances.
Hitting a child in anger or in retaliation for something a child
did is not considered reasonable and is against the law.
Kids Help Phone
Need help right now?
Call to speak to a counsellor
1-800-668-6868
24/7
43
Landing Place, 20 Great George Street
Landing
Place, 20 Great
Street
Charlottetown
PEGeorge
C1A 4J6
Charlottetown
C1A
Phone
628 1033PEFax
5664J6
2639
Phone 628 1033 Fax 566 2639
coxandpalmer.com
coxandpalmer.com
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Control Surveys
Location Plans and Certificates
General Land Surveying
Plans of Subdivision
Geographical Information Systems
Surveys for Engineers and Architects
Construction Surveys
Lot Surveys for Cottages and
Permanent Dwellings
• Shellfish Surveys
COLDWELL BANKER
PARKER REALTY
161 Maypoint Road
Charlottetown, PEI C1E 1X6
(902) 566-4663 (Bus)
(902) 566-3377 (Fax)
530 Main Street
Montague, PEI C0A 1R0
(902) 838-2888 (Bus)
Website: www.coldwellbanker.ca
Website: www.parkerrealty.pe.ca
Open until Midnight
Royal Canadian
Legion #18
PO Box 189, Veteran’s Memorial Highway
Miscouche PE C0B 1T0
195 Harbour Drive
Summerside, PE
C1N 5R1
103 Units - Indoor Pool
Dining - Conference
Rooms & Lounge
www.lakeviewhotels.com
Toll Free: 1 877 355 3500
44
Maurice
Rodgerson
40 Keppoch Rd., Stratford, PE C1B 2H9
902-892-3501
The issue
Abuse and neglect of youth is a serious social problem.
Despite the ability of some youth to overcome the effects of
maltreatment during adolescence, a history of abuse and/or
neglect is associated with serious consequences, such as:
Based on existing data from the Canadian Incidence Study –
2003, however, the authors observed an increase in
substantiation rates among older youth.
What is maltreatment?
• Development of mental illness, especially disorders
related to over-use of drugs and alcohol; depression;
anxiety (especially as it relates to reminders of trauma);
and eating disorders. Other difficulties encountered by
youth with histories of maltreatment are related to their
ability to trust and engage in relationships with others, as
well as their ability to attend, concentrate and learn at
school.
The five primary categories of maltreatment are:
(i) Physical abuse
(ii) Sexual abuse
(iii) Neglect
(iv) Emotional maltreatment
(v) Exposure to domestic violence
• Links with high school drop-out. High school drop-out is
related to decreased lifelong earning potential. Poverty
has been shown to heighten the risk of developing longterm health conditions and adding stress to daily
functioning.
Nineteen percent of substantiated cases of maltreatment
documented in the CIS–2003 involved investigations of
more than one category of maltreatment. The most frequent
co-occurring forms of maltreatment in children were neglect
and emotional maltreatment. Plans for collecting
information on the rate of substantiated cases of co-occurring
maltreatment involving youth are currently under way.
• Links to risk-taking behaviour and conflict with the law.
• Links to lower social support; fewer relationships;
isolation.
• Links to heightened risk of suicide and life-threatening
behaviour.
Clearly, the effects of maltreatment of youth involve
immediate and long-term suffering. These consequences turn
into a loss for society.
All youth are faced with the major tasks of growing into
healthy adulthood. Healthy development is threatened by
experiences of abuse and/or neglect, and its lack puts youth
at significant disadvantage (compared with non-maltreated
peers) as they enter early adulthood.
What youth are at risk?
Gender (aged 12–15)
Across the five categories of maltreatment, female youth aged
12–15 experience higher rates of substantiated maltreatment
than do male youth of the same age group.
Age (12–15)
Across the five major kinds of maltreatment, both male and
female youth experience higher rates of substantiated
physical and sexual abuse than do children of any other age
group.
Background
The exact number of Canadian youth who are maltreated is
unknown. However, The Canadian Incidence Study of
Reported Child Abuse and Neglect – 2003: Major Findings
(Trocmé, N., Fallon, B., MacLaurin, B., Daciuk, J., Felstiner,
C., et al., 2005) states that of all reported maltreatment
investigations that took place during the fall of 2003 in
Canada, 24% involved youth aged 12–15. Of these
investigations, 49% were substantiated. In other words,
almost half of the cases of suspected maltreatment (involving
youth) that were reported to child protection services were
found to have supporting evidence that maltreatment had
occurred, as described by the investigating child welfare
workers’ professional opinion. Importantly, not every
province and territory has maltreatment legislation for youth
older than 15. This makes it more difficult to estimate
incidence rates for youth between the ages of 16 and 19.
Maltreatment of youth by type
Sexual abuse
• Seventy-nine percent of substantiated cases of sexual
abuse involved female youth, whereas 21% involved male
youth.
• The substantiation rate for females experiencing sexual
abuse increases with age.
Given that youth between the ages of 16 and 18 are less
protected by child welfare laws, the finding that
adolescent girls are more frequently sexually victimized
as they age makes them particularly at risk.
45
ADVANCE RENTALS
60 Harvard St.
Summerside, PE C1N 1P4
r
902-436-3867
24 Hou
e
ic
Serv
www.advancerentals.com
Bloomfield # 853-2034
After Hours # 954-0722
Montague Constituency
of Lawrence MacAulay, P.C.
Cardigan, PEI
OFFICE HOURS 9:00am - 4:30pm
Hon. Lawrence MacAulay, P.C.,M.P.
M.P. for Cardigan
www.lawrencemacaulay.ca
Burger King
“Home Of the Whopper”
104 Greenwood Drive
Summerside, PE C1N 4S6
(902) 888-3588
www.peilocal.com/drivelinetruck
473 University Avenue
Charlottetown
902 566 5398
Islandweigh 95, Inc.
Barbara Gaudet
220 Harper Rd.
PO Box 490
Tignish, PEI, C0B 2B0
Phone: (902) 882-3186 • Fax: (902) 882-5146
MAIN OFFICE
272 MacEwen Road
Summerside, PEI
C1N 2P7
Tel (902) 888-8400
Fax: (902)888-8449
$
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Atlantic Adjusters & Appraisals Ltd.
P.O. Box 2668
48 Grafton Street
C1A 8C3
Phone: (902) 626-3771
Fax: (902) 626-4803
46
Route 6, Stanley Bridge, PEI
902 886 2882 ~ 1 800 361 2882
Emotional maltreatment
Among youth maltreatment reported to child welfare,
emotional maltreatment is of greater risk to female youth
(57% of substantiated cases) than male youth (43% of
substantiated cases) between the ages of 12 and 15.
Physical abuse
• Among those reported to child welfare, female youth
aged 12–15 are at greater risk of experiencing physical
abuse than are male youth.
• Female youth were the subjects of 54% of substantiated
cases, compared with 46% of their age-graded male peers.
Neglect and exposure to domestic violence
For some forms of maltreatment, gender differences in rates
of substantiation are relatively similar. Among male and
female youth between the ages of 12 and 15:
• Fifty-two percent of substantiated cases of neglect
involved female youth.
As a group, these risk factors are not surprising. Being a
parent who works full time to raise more than one child or
adolescent is stressful, as is moving, non-permanent housing
and social isolation. A personal history of violence and
current alcohol use disorder are two additional life
circumstances that can make daily functioning
unmanageable; parents in these situations are more likely
than others to require support in providing nurturing
environments for their children and youth.
What can you do?
Encourage youth to talk!
Unfortunately, there are many circumstances in which youth
fear stigma or consequences of further maltreatment when
contemplating self-reporting their experience of
maltreatment, particularly if they are being maltreated by
their caregivers. Consequently, maltreatment of youth
remains a largely hidden social problem. All Canadians —
adults and youth themselves — have a role in raising public
awareness. Your involvement makes a difference!
Although it is called “Kids Help Phone,” youth are welcome
to call and talk to the counsellors that staff the telephone
lines. They can help steer youth towards resources in their
community and be there for support during hard or
confusing times. The toll-free number is 1-800-668-6868.
Family characteristics of maltreated youth
In the development of services for prevention and support,
increasing interest has been generated towards understanding
what circumstances place some families at greater risk of
maltreatment than others. Among substantiated cases across
all ages (children and youth), the following family
characteristics are linked with increased risk:
• Having more than one child or youth in the home
Citizens
If you are ever aware of a situation in which an adolescent is
at risk or in danger, call the Child Protection Services in your
area. If you are unsure whether the circumstances that
concern you warrant investigation, rest assured that child
protection workers are well-trained in risk assessment.
Information on how to report suspected cases of child
maltreatment, how to contact provincial/territorial ministries
responsible for children’s services, and local resources for
children and parents can be accessed at:
• Parental full-time employment
• Rental housing
• Moving within the past year
• Parental social isolation, parental history of violence and
alcohol abuse
www.cecw-cepb.ca
If it is an emergency call 9-1-1
47
Cavendish Sunset
Fitzroy St Craft Cafe
Campground
902 628 8341
Charlottetown, PE
203 Fitzroy St
Charlottetown, PE
1.902.963.2440
Off-season: 1.902.368.3314
Toll-free: 1.800.715.2440
Atlantic Sea Smolt Ltd
Brudenell Auto
902-687-1959
902-838-4345
RR#3 Montague
1966 Hwy 2
Souris PE, C0A 2B0
• Industrial
• Commercial
• Residential
41 University Ave.
Charlottetown, PE C1A 4K7
(902) 892-3474
902-892-7473
44 Belmont St,
Charlottetown, PE
C1A 5H1
Aaron Gil, Owner
Fax: 902-892-5245
Cell: 902-628-7007
[email protected]
professional listings
AGRAWEST FOODS LTD
BOx 760
SOURIS
(902) 687-1400
CLARKE MOTORS (PEI) LTD
2 UPTON RD
CH'TOWN
(902) 892-6577
GALLANT MOVING & STORAGE LTD
125 RYAN STREET
SUMMERSIDE
(902) 892-1811
ARSENAULT'S FISHMART
7823 ROUTE 11
WELLINGTON
(902) 854-4194
CORRIGAN HOME
22 HEMLOCK COURT
CH'TOWN
(902) 894-9686
GRIFFIN'S SERVICE CTR & 24-HR TOWING
WWW.PEIBD.COM/GRIFFINS
CHARLOTTETOWN
(902) 626-7380
BROOKFIELD GARDENS
RR#4
NORTH WILTSHIRE
(902) 964-3200
DAVISON FUNERAL HOME & CHAPEL
7 SUNSET DRIVE
KENSINGTON
(902) 836-3313
HANDYMAN SOLUTIONS
SPECIALIZING IN KITCHEN, BATHROOM
& BASEMENT RENOVATIONS
BREADALBANE (902) 394-2570
CAPITAL COMMUNICATIONS
22 GARFIELD ST
CHARLOTTETOWN
(902) 894-7341
ELM CREST LODGE
267 RICHMOND ST
CH'TOWN
(902) 566-5996
HI CONSTRUCTION LTD
ELMSDALE POST OFFICE
ELMSDALE
(902) 853-2929
48
Canada
Abuse is Wrong
Anyone—man or woman, adult or child—who is suffering from abuse or who is
acting in a violent way is encouraged to get help.
What is abuse?
Abuse is behaviour used to intimidate, isolate, dominate or
control another person. It may be a pattern of behaviour or
it may be a single incident. Abusive behaviour might involve
acts or words or even neglect.
Abuse happens when someone hurts or mistreats you.
Emotional or psychological abuse might include:
• criminal harassment* (stalking)
• making threats to harm you
• breaking your things, hurting your pets or threatening to
do so
• isolating you from friends and family
Abuse can happen to anyone:
someone in a family or someone in a dating relationship, a
spouse or former spouse, a partner in an intimate
relationship or former partner, a child, young person, or
older person.
The abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional, psychological
or financial. You may experience more than one type of
abuse.
hitting
pinching
slapping
pushing
punching
•
•
•
•
• taking your pay cheque or money without permission
• withholding money so that you cannot pay for things you
or your children need, such as food, shelter or medical
treatment
• making you sign documents to sell your house or to
change your will
These are crimes in Canada.
Examples of physical abuse are:
•
•
•
•
•
Some examples of financial abuse are:
kicking
burning
shooting
stabbing or cutting
These types of physical abuse are examples of assault.*
Assault is a crime in Canada.
In an
emergency
Criminal harassment
(stalking) is a crime. The following actions might be
examples of criminal harassment if they cause you to
fear for your safety or the safety of a loved one:
• watching you or tracking where you go
• leaving threatening messages
• making threats to you, your children, family, pets or
friends
• calling you over and over again, and perhaps hanging
up when you answer
• constantly sending you e-mail messages
• sending gifts you do not want
Call 9-1-1 or your local
police.
Run outside so other people can
see you unless you think you will
be safer inside.
Bullying is a form of abuse that can happen in a relationship
or in a family. It may be physical, sexual, emotional,
psychological, financial, or a combination. Some forms of
bullying may be crimes.
Scream—let the neighbours hear so
that they will call the police.
Sexual touching or sexual activity is abuse if you do not
consent or if you are too young to consent.
This is also a crime in Canada, even in a dating, partner,
spousal or family relationship.
Some examples of bullying may be:
• hitting, kicking, pushing or shoving
• taking your money and other possessions
• making threats or acting in an intimidating way
• constantly teasing you or calling you names
• spreading hurtful rumours
• ignoring you and making you feel left out
continued...
49
professional listings
J. LEROY GALLANT INSURANCE
125 RYAN STREET
SUMMERSIDE
(902) 436-9237
MIMINEGASH FIRE DEPT
11334 ROUTE 14
MIMINEGASH
(902) 882-4298
STOW IT ALL LTD
28 THOMPSON DR
CH'TOWN
(902) 368-7000
JACQUES CARTIER MEMORIAL ARENA
349 CHURCH STREET ALBERTON
(902) 853-2858
POLYCLINIC
199 GRAFTON ST
CH'TOWN
(902) 629-8810
TOOMBS PLUMBING
RR#2
HUNTER RIVER
(902) 963-2301
JUDSON'S AUTO TECH
2169 HWY 17
MONTAGUE
(902) 838-2772
SCOTIA BANK
MAIN STREET
MONTAGUE
(902) 838-2252
VITALITY HAIR SPA
54 GRAFTON ST
CH'TOWN
(902) 566-9776
MACFADYEN FARMS LTD.
RR#1
BORDEN, CARLTON
(902) 437-2322
SPRING VALLEY BUILDING CTR
www.springvalleybc.ca
KENSINGTON
(902) 836-4289
WAUGH'S QUIK MART
650 WATER ST., EAST
SUUMERSIDE
(902) 436-9511
MERRY POP-INS
21287 TRANS CANADA HWY
ALBANY
(902) 658-2560
STOGIES CIGAR SHOP
70 STRATFORD RD
STRATFORD
(902) 892-1862
Thank You For
Your Support
booster boxes
50
A M BURGOYNE INSURANCE ASSO.
CHARLOTTETOWN (902) 629-1114
BIRT DELANEY TRANSPORT
CAP-AUX -MEULES (418) 986-2911
CERETTI’S GROCERY & HARDWARE
BORDEN (902) 855-2060
ALBERTON FISHERIES LTD
ALBERTON (902) 853-2848
BUNS AND THINGS BAKERY
CH’TOWN (902) 892-2600
CHARLOTTETOWN RURAL HIGH SCHOOL
ANDERSON AUTOMOTIVE
S’SIDE (902) 436-5545
C H AUTOMOTIVE
S’SIDE (902) 436-2009
CH’TOWN TRUCK & RECREATION
MORELL (902) 961-2236
AQUA BOUNTY CANADA
SOURIS (902) 687-2600
C. K. KLEANING & RESTORATION
CORNWALL (902) 566-3166
CLARK’S TOYOTA
S’SIDE (902) 436-5800
AVONLEA COTTAGES INC
CH’TOWN (902) 963-2729
CAMPBELL SERVICE STATION
CARDIGAN (902) 583-2370
CLASSIC IMAGE
S’SIDE (902) 436-1238
B F M CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
CH’TOWN (902) 892-5365
CARPENTERS INC SHOP
KENSINGTON (902) 836-3315
CLIFF CAMPBELL
CH’TOWN (902) 566-2477
BABINEAU HOLDINGS
CH’TOWN (902) 894-6756
CARPENTERS LOCAL#1338
CH’TOWN (902) 566-1414
CONCORD INSURANCE
SOURIS (902) 687-2055
BAYSHORE HOME HEALTH
CH’TOWN (902) 892-7355
CEDARS EATERY * BABA’S LOUNGE
CH’TOWN (902) 892-7377
CONNOLLY SECURITY SYSTEM
CH’TOWN (902) 892-5276
Canada
...Abuse is Wrong continued
Abuse is Wrong
There are other forms of abuse that may not be crimes, but
even so, they are hurtful and they might lead to criminal
forms of abuse.
Some examples are:
• humiliating you or making you feel worthless
• insulting, ignoring or neglecting you
• constantly yelling at you
• calling you names
• not letting you have money that you need
• ridiculing your religious or spiritual beliefs or preventing
you from practising your religion
• deciding what you can and can’t do, where you can go,
what you can wear, and who you can be with
• forcing you to marry someone you don’t want to marry
women and men with or without children, people who are
rich or poor, professionals, stay-at-home parents, young and
old. It happens to individuals of all backgrounds, religions,
races, cultures, ethnic origins and sexual orientations. Abuse
also can happen at any stage of a relationship.
Help is available to those who are being abused.
Abuse in a family
Witnessing abuse in a family or being abused can have
serious physical, psychological and emotional consequences,
possibly leading to repeated patterns of violent behaviour.
Sometimes parents act abusively toward their children and
sometimes adolescent children act abusively toward their
parents or toward other family members. Even brothers and
sisters may act abusively toward each other.
Help is available
There are people who can help you if you are being abused.
If you are being abused, call a health centre, community
organization or shelter. Find out what help they can offer.
Ask them where else you should call or go for help.
If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call 9-11 or your local police. They will take steps to protect you and
your children or other dependents. The police can also help
you get a peace bond*.
You can also get
• advice and counselling
• help to decide whether you want to stay or leave
• legal help* that may be free of charge If you decide to
leave, you can get
• help to leave and a safe place to stay
• financial help
• an order from a civil or family court*
Where can you get more information?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
shelters
the police
the Crown attorney’s* office
hospitals
multicultural associations
community centres or women’s centres
telephone crisis lines
public legal education and information associations
lawyer referral services
legal aid offices
a doctor or public health nurse
a social worker*
Young people facing abuse
It is very hard for children to suffer abuse or to see or hear a
parent, sibling or other family member being abused. If you
are a young person and you are being abused, or if you are
witnessing the abuse of a brother, sister, parent or other
family member, you might feel scared, embarrassed or
confused. Abuse can affect your behaviour, physical and
mental health, self-esteem, and performance in school. It may
also affect the way you socialize with others.
You may be frustrated and want to take it out on other
people. You may be acting out in a violent way or you may be
bullying someone at school, or perhaps you are being bullied.
No matter what the situation, it is wrong to hurt anyone. Tell
someone you trust about the abuse. If you are acting violently
toward anyone else, get help before the situation gets worse so
you can stop the cycle of violence.
If you are a young person and you are being abused or you are
acting out in a violent way, you can call the Kids’ Helpline
free of charge. You don’t have to tell them your name: 1-800668-6868.
You can also find out more at the Family Violence Youth
Site:
http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/fv-vf/fvy-vfj/index.html
If you are being abused, it is not your fault
You are not alone
Talking about abuse can be difficult. You might feel ashamed
or afraid that your family and friends will not believe you.
Some people may even try to convince you that what is
happening is normal in a relationship, or they may be
threatening you to keep quiet. You may be afraid of being
rejected by your community if you leave. But remember—
nothing you do gives anyone the right to abuse you. There is
no excuse for abuse.
Abuse happens in all kinds of families. It happens to
Canadian citizens, immigrants and refugees. It happens to
Many people have found that there is a cycle of abuse. The
tension builds for a while until the person acts violently.
continued...
51
booster boxes
CORRIGAN’S WOOD STOVE
CH’TOWN (902) 629-1205
ENVIRO-PRO ATLANTIC
ISLAND SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
STRATFORD (902) 569-4383
COURTESY CAB
S’SIDE (902) 436-4232
EYE CARE OPTICAL
S’SIDE (902) 436-4505
J RS PIZZA - NORTH RIVER
73 TRANS CANADA HWY 892-3111
CREATIVE ESTHETICS
CH’TOWN (902) 566-5313
FIRST FRIENDS CHILD CARE CTR
WEST ROYALTY (902) 368-2849
JACKSON ELECTRIC
WINSLOE (902) 368-1309
CROSBY CONSTRUCTION
CORNWALL (902) 675-3204
FRESH AS A DAISY LAUNDRY
MONTAGUE (902) 838-3412
JOHN’S HOME BREW STORE
CH’TOWN (902) 892-1987
DAVE'S SERVICE CENTRE
CH’TOWN (902) 628-8171
GERARD BLANCHARD
HUNTER RIVER (902) 621-0688
JUMBO VIDEO
CH’TOWN (902) 566-5626
DIVERSIFIED METAL ENGINEERING
CH’TOWN (902) 628-6900
GLEN AFTON GOLF COURSE
CORNWALL (902) 675-3000
KENNETH MACDONALD LIQUID
WASTE REMOVAL, CH’TOWN 569-4305
DOCHERTY’S AUTO SERVICE
MONTAGUE (902) 838-4468
GRAPHIC DETAIL
CH’TOWN (902) 892-4900
KENSINGTON INT SR HIGH SCHOOL
DONALD MACKINNON , WEST ROYALTY
Charlottetown supports PEPA!
H J V EQUIPMENT
STRATFORD (902) 566-1444
L & L HOME IMPROVEMENTS
ELMSDALE (902) 853-2682
DONNA’S TRANSPORT
S’SIDE (902) 436-3394
HALLIWELL CONSULTING
LEAPS & BOUNDS CHILD CARE
CH’TOWN (902) 892-5449
DOUCETTE’S HOME IMPROVEMENTS
S’SIDE (902) 436-6780
HEARTS & FLOWERS
CH’TOWN. (902) 566-1499
LEO MCNEILL CONSTRUCTION
RICHMOND (902) 854-2156
DR J STEWART & DR J STEWART
STRATFORD (902) 569-4121
HEATHER BERNARD
LESLIE HARDY & SONS
ELLERSLIE (902) 831-2577
DR STEWART MATHESON
CH’TOWN (902) 368-7001
HI TIME TACK SHOP
LINDA'S LOVEABLE PET GROOMING
SUMMERSIDE (902) 436-2292
DR VINCENT ADAMS - CHIROPRACTOR
HOMELIFE PEI REALTY
LOCUS SURVEYS
DW BAKER AND COMPANY
MURRAY HARBOUR (902) 962-2340
ILLSLEY'S FEED & FARM SUPPLY
M B S CONSTRUCTION & RESTORATION
CH’TOWN (902) 566-3636
EGMONT BAY CONSTRUCTION
WELLINGTON (902) 854-2294
ISLAND FARM HOUSE GOUDA
WINSLOE (902) 368-1506
MACAULAY’S BAKERY & DELI
CH’TOWN (902) 566-9158
ELIZABETH S. REAGH Q. C.
CH’TOWN (902) 892-7667
ISLAND HANDLING SYSTEMS
CH’TOWN (902) 566-5959
MACDONALDS'S RITESTOP
ST PETERS (902) 961-3181
ENVIRONMENT ENERGY
ISLAND ORTHOTICS
CH’TOWN (902) 368-8385
MACINNIS FUELS
SOURIS (902) 687-2431
52
Canada
...Abuse is Wrong continued
Abuse is Wrong
After the “explosion” or violence, there is a period of calm or
quiet. The person who behaved abusively may say they are
sorry and promise it will not happen again.
However, in time, the tension builds and the person may
become violent again.
Others describe an ever increasing spiral of abuse
where the severity of the violence becomes worse over time
and the violent outbursts occur more and more often.
Your children need protection
If you are a parent and suffering abuse, this can make it
harder for you to look after your children. The abuse may also
be very draining, leaving you with less energy to share with
your children.
The children may learn from seeing the abuse that they do
not need to respect you. The children may also learn that they
do not need to
respect their own future partners. This may lead to further
violence or a cycle of violence that is passed down from one
generation to the next.
Child abuse is against the law. If your children are being
abused, you must get help for them. You can go to a child
protection or family services agency for advice, help or
counselling. Children need to be protected from abuse. If you
do not take steps to protect them, there may be legal
consequences. For example, the police and child protection
services* may become involved.
Photo credit: Katherine Dimock-Lavoie
53
booster boxes
MACISAAC BACKHOEING
S’SIDE (902) 436-7736
NATIONAL BANK
CH’TOWN (902) 892-7443
REMAX CHARLOTTETOWN
CH’TOWN (902) 892-2000
MARITIME CHRISTIAN BOOKSTORE
CH’TOWN (902) 566-5309
NORTHERN STAR NEWSPAPER
ROBINSONS AUTO ELECTRIC
SHERWOOD (902) 892-4918
MARITIME DREDGING
EAST ROYALTY (902) 894-4438
PEI REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATION
CH’TOWN (902) 368-8451
ROLLO BAY INN
SOURIS (902) 687-3550
MARY’S BAKE SHOPPE
PALMER ROAD PARISH
ST LOUIS (902) 882-2622
ROSSIGNOL ESTATE WINERY
MURRAY RIVER (902) 962-4193
MCKENNA BROS
CARDIGAN (902) 583-2951
PARKHILL PCE RETIREMENT RESIDENCE
ROYAL GARDEN CHINESE REST.
CORNWALL (902) 566-3288
MEADOWBROOK FARMS SEA GRAIN
GROWERS - CH’TOWN (902) 628-9292
PEI ATLANTIC BAPTIST HOMES
CH’TOWN (902) 566-5975
RURAL COMMUNITY LEARNING
ALBERTON (902) 853-3715
MEDICINE SHOPPE
O'LEARY (902) 436-4436
PERMACRETE CONCRETE REPAIRS
MARSHFIELD (902) 566-9903
RUSTICO AUTO SERVICE
NORTH RUSTICO (902) 963-2105
MERRY MAIDS
CORNWALL (902) 628-6400
PETER BAGLOLE, CA
S’SIDE (902) 436-1663
SEASIDE MOTEL & COTTAGES
MICROTECH SUPPLY
CH’TOWN (902) 566-4690
PETERS & LANK REALTY
CH’TOWN (902) 892-5355
SELWYN BUOTE CONSTRUCTION
RUSTICOVILLE (902) 963-3046
MID-ISLE STEVE-DORING RENOVATIONS
PHILLIPS FEED SERVICE
CH’TOWN (902) 892-1275
SHERWOOD STYLING SALON
SHERWOOD (902) 892-2334
MILLAR CAMPBELL
CH’TOWN (902) 368-1700
PHILLIPS SUZUKI
CH’TOWN (902) 566-1811
SHOPPERS DRUG MART
MISCOUCHE CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL
MISCOUCHE (902) 888-8495
PINES MOTEL
SMITH LODGE
MORELL CONSUMERS CO OP STORE
MORELL (902) 961-2687
PROMPT PLUMBING
SOURIS (902) 687-3768
SOUTHERN KINGS CONSOLIDATED
MONTAGUE (902) 962-7400
MORELL REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
MORELL (902) 961-7345
PURITY DAIRY
CH’TOWN (902) 894-7125
SPIKE'S PAINTBALL
YORK (902) 393-1820
MORLEY ANNEAR
MONTAGUE (902) 838-2116
QUARTERMASTER MARINE
CH’TOWN (902) 566-4450
SPORTING INTENTIONS
CH’TOWN (902) 892-4713
MOVEALL STRUCTURES
MOUNT STEWART (902) 676-2632
QUEEN ELIZABETH ELEMENTARY
SPUD LIMITED
ELMSDALE (902) 853-2250
www.MURPHYSPHARMACIES.com
CHARLOTTETOWN
R CUDMORE ELECTRIC
CH’TOWN (902) 629-4869
ST CUTHBERT’S CHURCH
MT STEWART (902) 583-2095
54
continued...
55
booster boxes
ST. FELIX GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB
TIGNISH (902) 882-2328
THE BUZZ
CH’TOWN (902) 628-1958
TYNE VALLEY SERVICE CENTRE
TYNE VALLEY (902) 831-3360
STANDARD AUTO GLASS
THE GREAT CANADIAN BAGEL
CH’TOWN (902) 626-3206
UNIVERSITY PETRO-CAN AUTO SERVICE
CH’TOWN (902) 566-5474
STEWART’S RESTORATION
CARDIGAN (902) 583-2378
TRACTION
CH’TOWN (902) 566-4822
WARN HOUSE BED & BREAKFAST
STU CONSTABLE PAINTING
CH’TOWN (902) 892-7821
TRACTION
S’SIDE (902) 436-4446
WATER TIGHT PLUMBING & HEATING
SUMMERSIDE MOTEL
S’SIDE (902) 436-3865
TRIUS TOURS
CH’TOWN. (902) 566-5664
WAYNE'S AUTO MART
SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT CORP.
BELFAST (902) 659-2424
TROUT UNLIMITED
O’LEARY (902) 859-1552
WELLINGTON CONSTRUCTION
WELLINGTON (902) 854-2650
TAX 2000
STELLERTON (902) 928-2850
TWO SISTERS BAKERY & CAFE
MISCOUCHE (902) 436-6136
YOGI’S FOOD & BAR 11
CH’TOWN (902) 892-8002
business patrons
A E MACKAY & SONS
BRICKLAYING WEST PRINCE
DICKIESON E W SCOTT
A T BOYLES
BRIGHTON SCHOOL OF LEARNING
DJE ENGINEERING
AARON WEDGE
BULK BARN
DONALD I SCHURMAN
ABEGWEIT OUTFITTING
BURDEN BAKKER STAINED GLASS
DOUGLAS R DRYSDALE BARRISTER
ABI BUSINESS SERVICES
BUTLER, THE/DEVOES JANITORIAL
DOW’S MEN’S & LADIES WEAR
ADVENTURE GROUP
BUTLER'S CLOVER FARM
DR GREGG HOOD
ALL-LAM COUNTERTOPS
CAM HOME IMPROVEMENTS
DR I G HABBI
ANDREWS REAL ESTATE
CAMERON MASONRY
DR JAMES G HODGSON
ANNE SHIRLEY MOTEL
CAMPBELL LEA
DR MAURICE & SHIRLEY CLARK
AQUA FARMS
CAMPBELLTON FARMS
DR RUTH PANG
ARBING SIDING
CAPTURE THE SPIRIT TOUR SERVICE
DR SHELDON CAMERON
ARSENAULT ACRES
CARDIGAN GARAGE
DR TEMPLE HOOPER
ARSENAULT PAINTERS
CARL’S REPAIR
DR BEN SPEARS
ATLANTIC HOVER CRAFT
CENTURY 21 NORTHUMBERLAND 1987
DR KENNETH GRANT
ATLANTIC PROSTHETICS
CHAS M STEWART
ELLEN MCCLOSKEY
B CLINTON CONSTRUCTION
CHUCKER’S TROPHIES & AWARDS
EN VOGUE
BAMBOO GARDEN RESTAURANT
CLARENCE MACKENZIE
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES CANADA
BARRY MACMILLAN
CLOSET DOCTOR
ERIC MACDONALD
BAYSIDE COTTAGES
CLOWS RED AND WHITE
EXAM 1
BELFAST CONSOLIDATED
CONSOLIDATED CREDIT UNION
EXCEL ACCOUNTING SERVICES
BEST FORMS
CONTROL AIR SYSTEMS
F J SHEA & SON
BEVERLY MCQUILLAN
COOPER’S RED & WHITE
FATHER JOHN LACEY
BIG B VARIETY
COULSON’S USED FURNITURE
FERGIES BARBER SHOP
BILL CAMPBELL
CREATIVE GARDENING & LANDSCAPES
FERGUSON FUNERAL HOMES
FIBER CONNECTIONS
BIRCHWOOD INTERMEDIATE
CRESCENT ISLE COTTAGES
BLAIR HALL UPHOLSTERY RAINBOW LODGE
CYCLE TUNE & TIRE
FINELINE WOODWORKING
BLUE CREST COTTAGES
D & E PORK
FOOD TRUST
BOUCHEY VALUE MART
DALE MACLEOD INSTALLATIONS
FORMOSA TEA HOUSE
BOWLAN’S STAINED GLASS SUPPLIES
DALZIEL’S AUTO BODY
FRAMEWORLD
BRAD OLIVER REALTY
DARLENE’S HOUSE OF BEAUTY
FRED R ANDREWS ELECTRICAL
56
...Canadian Incidence Study Report Continued
57
business patrons
FURNITURE GALLERY
MACKENZIE BUILDER & INSPECTION
REV ALBIN ARSENAULT
G STEWART MACKAY REAL ESTATE
MACKENZIE’S FAMILY BARBER SHOP
REV FRANK GOSBEE
GARDEN ISLE FARMS
MACLEAN'S GARAGE
RICHARD MACPHEE
GARY BOUDREAU DRYWALL
MAHAR’S PLUMBING & HEATING
RITA DONAHOE
GEORGES DECK & RECOVERY
MARGUERITE BOURGEOYS CTR
RIVERDALE WELD-CRAFT
GLEN VALLEY CUSTOM KNITS
MARITIME PET FOOD
ROBERT ROSE
GLOBAL MONTESSORI SCHOOLS
MARITIME POTATO
ROCKING HORSE DAYCARE
GOOD GUYS AUTO GLASS
MARY CATHERINE GUEST HOME
ROGERS ELECTRICAL WHOLESALE
GOODWIN ENTERPRISES
MARY’S CORNWALL BAKERY
RON’S PLUMBING & HEATING
GRACE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
MAYNARD F SCHURMAN
ROY LEARD STORE
GRAHAM STEWART
MCANDREW ELECTROLYSIS
ROYAL CDN LEGION BR#8
GREEN ACRES MOTEL
MICHEL PAINCHAUD
SANDBAR PROPERTY MAINTENANCE
GREG MACDONALD BACKHOEING
MISCOUCHE CONVENIENCE & VIDEO
SCOTIABANK
GRIFFIN APPRAISAL SERVICE
MOASE PLUMBING & HEATING
SHARON MACINTOSH
GUILLEVIN INTERNATIONAL
MONTAGUE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL
SHEILA LAIRD
GULF SURVEYS
MONTAGUE REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SHIPWRIGHT INN
HAMPTON SERVICE STATION
MS EVELYN ROGERSON (SALON 22)
SHIRLEY’S ESTHETIC SALON
HARRINGTON PAINT WORKS
MUTTART FARMS
SILVER STREAMS RESTAURANT
HARRY J JAMES REPAIR SERVICE
MYERS PLUMBING & HEATING
SISTER OF ST MARTHA’S
HARVEY’S CLOVER FARM
NATHAN CAMPBELL
SISTERS OF THE CND
HILLCREST HOUSING
NEWMAN'S AUTO SALES
SISTERS OF THE PRECIOUS BLOOD
HOLIDAY ISLAND MOTOR LODGE
NORMAN PETERS
SMITTY’S RESTAURANT
HOUSEMASTERS INSPECTION SVC
NORTH BEDEQUE ANTIQUE CRAFTS
SPORTSMAN’S CLUB
HUNTER RIVER PHARMACY
NORTH SHORE LAWN & GARDEN SVC
SPUD ISLE REALTY
IDEAL AUTO PARTS
NORTONS JEWELLERS
ST JOSEPH’S CHURCH
INTIMATE PLEASURES
O’CONNOR GLASS
ST ELEANORS LIONS CLUB
ISLAND GROWN SOD
O’LEARY PRODUCE
ST JOACHIM’S CHURCH
ISLAND PURE WATERS
OIL HEAT PROS
STEVE ORANIUK ELECTRIC
IVAN’S GARAGE
OLD ROSE LODGE
STEVENSON’S INS. AGENCY
J & L VARIETY
OUR LADY OF THE ASSUMPTION
SUMMERSIDE AUTO
J M RUSK OPTOMETRISTS
OWLS HOLLOW
SUPER BELT MANUFACTURING
J LEONARD MCNEILL & SON
PEI BAG CO
SUPPLY CUPBOARD
JAMIESON ELECTRIC & REFRIGERATION
P FORRESTER & SONS
T DANIEL TWEEL LAW OFFICE
JERRY DESROCHES
P G FIRE & SAFETY
THE BOOK EMPORIUM
JOE GALLANT
PAL-MAC USED ENTERPRISES
THE CABINET MAKER
JOE'S QUALITY AUTO SERVICE
PARKVIEW FARMS TOURIST HOME
THE GARDEN GATE INN
KELLY’S FLOWER SHOP
PATERS 88 MEAT
THE HOME BREW SHOPPE
KEL-MAC
PAUL & COLLIN MACAULAY
THE QUAICH
KENT CLARK WELDING
PAUL CARMICHAEL
THOMAS EDISON ELECTRIC CO
KEVIN THOMPSON
PICOTEE BEAUTY LOUNGE
THOMPSON WELL DRILLING
KEVIN’S AUTO REPAIR & TOWING
PINE ACRES RV
THOMSON’S SEPTIC TANK SRV
KEVIN'S FRONT END SERVICE
PINE HILLS RV PARK
TINY TOT CHILD CARE CENTER
KINDRED SPIRITS
PINEAU’S FUELS
TOP NOTCH HEATING VENTILATION
KOOL BREEZE FARMS GARDEN CTR
POSITIVE SOLUTIONS BY DELORIS
TRACY CLEMENTS
L & C FISHERIES
POWER PHYSIOTHERAPY
TROPHY HUT
LECLAIR ELECTRIC
PRESTIGE CARWASH
VALLEY VIEW MOTORS
LELA MACKAY
PRESTIGE KITCHENS
VARIETYTOURS
VILLAGE VISTA ENTERPRISES
LEONE BAGNALL
PRETZELMAKER
LINDA’S COFFEE SHOPPE
PRINCE COUNTY TROPHY & AWARDS
WATER STREET DENTAL CLINIC
LITTLE ANGELS DAYCARE
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND CREMATORY
WELLINGTON CO-OP
LITTLE LAMBS CHILD CARE CTR
QUINN’S MARINE & MACHINE SHOP
WENDELL GRASSE
LUCILLEHOGG
RATELLE & ASSOCIATES
WEST KENT ELEMENTARY
LUND EARL PAINTING & RESTORATION
REV DEWIS RECTOR
WILLIS SIDING & HOME IMPRVMNT
MACCALLUM ELECTRIC
REV ROSS A HOWARD
58
Public Health
Agency of Canada
Excerpt from Handbook of Sensitive Practice for Health Care Practitioners
Lessons from Adult Survivors of
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Background Information about Childhood
Sexual Abuse
Definitions
While the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents is
a criminal act, legal definitions of childhood sexual abuse
vary across jurisdictions.
own families. Despite this prevalence, most childhood sexual
abuse survivors are invisible to us, particularly given that it is
estimated that fewer than half disclose their abuse to anyone.
Some are silent because they fear reprisal from their abusers;
others worry they will not be believed or that they will be
blamed or even punished. Still others say nothing because
they harbour the erroneous belief that they are responsible
for their abuse.
There is, however, wide agreement that childhood sexual Perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse
abuse involves: (a) sexual acts with children and youth who
lack the maturity and emotional and cognitive development Individuals who are sexually abused as children are, in
to understand or to consent; and (b) “an ‘abusive condition’ adulthood, men and women of diverse ages, ethnicity,
such as coercion or a large age gap between participants, occupation, education, income level, and marital status. Most
indicating lack of consensuality.” In general, children and studies of sexual offending have focused on males as
younger adolescents are unable to consent to sexual acts with perpetrators.
adults because of their lack of maturity and relative lack of Although the majority of perpetrators of childhood sexual
power.* An abusive condition implies a difference in power
abuse are male, recent research
between the perpetrator and the
suggests that females engage in
Childhood
sexual
abuse
survivors
victim. Children can also be
sexually abusive behaviour with
are our friends and neighbours,
abused by other children or
children more often than has been
adolescents who have more
our colleagues, and sometimes
previously recognized.31,48,60
power by virtue of age, physical
Common to all perpetrators is that
even
ourselves
or
members
of
strength,
life
experience,
they have more physical strength,
our
own
families.
intelligence, authority, or social
social power, and/or authority
location. The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child than their victims.
Abuse and Neglect tracked eight forms of child sexual abuse:
penetration (penile, digital or object penetration of vagina or The most recent report of the Canadian Incidence Study of
anus), attempted penetration, oral sex, fondling of the Reported Child Abuse and Neglect – p.53 found that, in
genitals, adult exposure of genitals to child, sexual contrast to physical abuse of children, non-parental relatives
exploitation (e.g., involving child in prostitution or constituted the largest group of perpetrators (35%) of child
pornography), sex talk (including proposition of a sexual sexual abuse. Other groups of perpetrators include the child’s
nature and exposing a child to pornographic material), and friend/peer (15%), stepfather (13%), biological father (9%),
other acquaintances (9%), parent’s
voyeurism.
boyfriend/girlfriend (5%), and
An abusive condition implies a
An extreme and controversial
biological mother (5%).
difference
in
power
between
the
type of abuse is ritual abuse,
The dynamics of childhood
perpetrator and the victim.
which has been defined as
sexual abuse
psychological, sexual, and/or
physical assault on an unwilling human victim, committed by All sexual encounters with children are intended to meet the
one or more individuals, as part of a prescribed ritual that needs of the perpetrator, with little consideration for their
achieves a specific goal or satisfies the perceived needs of effect on the child.
their deity.
Some child abusers use physical force or explicit threats of
harm to coerce their young victims into compliance, while
Childhood sexual abuse survivors
others develop long-term relationships with their victims and
The great paradox of childhood sexual abuse is that, while it carefully groom them with special attention or gifts. While
has become more prominent in the public consciousness, it childhood sexual abuse does not always involve physical
remains shrouded in secrecy. Media coverage of high-profile injury, it is a violation of body, boundaries, and trust and is
disclosures and investigations provide evidence that typically experienced as traumatic.
childhood sexual abuse does exist – in “good” families and While people who report a history of childhood sexual abuse
“trusted” institutions, at all socioeconomic levels, and among are at increased risk for a wide range of difficulties in
all racial and ethnic groups. Frequently we hear and read adulthood, studies suggest that “in the region of 20% to 40%
stories about survivors who are men and women from all of those describing
walks of life – students, sports figures, clergy, entertainers,
educators, police officers, judges, politicians, and health care CSA [childhood sexual abuse] do not have measurable adult
practitioners. They are our friends and neighbours, our dysfunction that could be plausibly be related to abuse.” A
colleagues, and sometimes even ourselves or members of our number of factors affect how a particular individual may
59
Public Health
Agency of Canada
...Handbook on Sensitive Practice continued
Excerpt from Handbook of Sensitive Practice for Health Care Practitioners
Lessons from Adult Survivors of
Childhood Sexual Abuse
respond to childhood sexual abuse. Some of these include of self, leading to difficulty in relating to others, inability to
the gender of the perpetrator, the number of perpetrators, regulate reactions to stressful events, and other interpersonal
the nature and closeness of the relationship between victim and emotional challenges”. Kathleen Kendall- Tackett
and perpetrator, the duration and frequency of the abuse, describes behavioural, emotional, social, and cognitive
characteristics of the abuse itself
pathways by which childhood abuse
Two pervasive myths (that males are
(e.g., contact vs. noncontact,
affects health, pointing out that
penetration, etc.), the use of threats rarely sexually abused and that childhood “adult survivors can be affected by
or force, and the age of the victim sexual abuse has little effect on males) any or all of these, and the four
at the time of the abuse.
types influence each other. Indeed,
deter boys and men from disclosing their they form a complex matrix of
Childhood sexual abuse and
abuse and, in turn, prevent society from interrelationships, all of which
health
influence health.” In addition,
legitimizing it as a problem.
research in the fields of
While not everyone who reports a
history of childhood sexual abuse develops health problems, immunology, endocrinology, and psychosomatic medicine
many live with a variety of chronic physical, behavioural, and has demonstrated clear physiological relationships among
psychological problems that bring them into frequent contact stress, illness, and disease.
with health care practitioners. Because health care Table 1 lists the findings of a number of studies that have
practitioners do not routinely inquire about childhood sexual examined the correlation between histories of childhood
abuse, its long-term effects are under recognized, its related sexual abuse and later health and function. Considerably
health problems are misdiagnosed,and it is often not met more studies have examined these relationships in women,
with a sensitive, integrated treatment response. Childhood and when male survivors have been studied, the relationship
sexual abuse often co-occurs with other types of childhood between past abuse and the mental health of male survivors
adversity, including physical abuse, marital discord, has been the primary focus. Guy Holmes, Liz Offen, and
separation from or loss of parents, parental psychopathology Glenn Waller argue that two pervasive myths – that males are
and/or substance abuse, and other types of abuse/neglect. rarely sexually abused and that childhood sexual abuse has
Even when these other types of adversity are controlled for, little effect on males – deter boys and men from disclosing
childhood sexual abuse remains a powerful predictor of their abuse and, in turn, prevent society from legitimizing it
health problems in adulthood. It is suggested that the as a problem. The increasing societal recognition of the
underlying mechanism for these difficulties is “that prevalence and seriousness of sexual abuse of boys is likely to
childhood sexual abuse causes disruptions in the child’s sense lead to further investigation of physical health correlates.
TABLE 1
Correlates of childhood sexual abuse and measures of health and function: A selected list of findings from
research studies
In females, a history of childhood sexual abuse or a range of childhood traumas including sexual abuse is correlated with:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
poorer physical and mental health and a lower health-related quality of life than non-traumatized individuals
chronic pelvic pain
gastrointestinal disorders
intractable low back pain
chronic headache
greater functional disability, more physical symptoms, more physician-coded diagnoses, and more health risk behaviours, including
driving while intoxicated, unsafe sex, and obesity
ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease
high levels of dental fear
greater use of medical services
drug and alcohol use, self-mutilation, suicide, and disordered eating
adult onset of 14 mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders
higher rates of childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and major affective disorders, but not
schizophrenia
diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder
continued...
60
TABLE 1
Correlates of childhood sexual abuse and measures of health and function:
A selected list of findings from research studies
In females, a history of childhood sexual abuse or a range of childhood traumas including sexual abuse is correlated with:
•
•
•
adult onset of 14 mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders
higher rates of childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and major affective disorders, but not
schizophrenia
diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder
In males, a history of childhood sexual abuse is correlated with:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
anxiety, low self-esteem, guilt and shame, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, withdrawal and isolation, flashbacks,
dissociative identity disorder, emotional numbing, anger and aggressiveness, hypervigilance, passivity and an anxious need to please
others
adult onset of five mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders
substance abuse, self-injury, suicide, depression, rage, strained relationships, problems with self- concept and identity, and a
discomfort with sex
increased risk of HIV
anxiety and confusion about sexual identity and sexual orientation
increased risk of “acting out” aggressively
contact with criminal justice system
Traumagenic Dynamics of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Some of the common problems experienced by childhood
sexual abuse survivors are summarized in Table 6 using
David Finkelhor and Angela Browne’s conceptualization of
the traumagenic dynamics of childhood sexual abuse. These
dynamics describe the impact that abuse-related behaviours,
events, and experiences can have on their victims.
TABLE 6
Traumagenic dynamics of childhood sexual abuse
Characteristic
Traumatic
Sexualization
Dynamics
• Rewarding a child for sexual behaviour may heighten
the salience of sexual issues for him or her
• Avoidance of all things sexual
• Preoccupation with sexual matters or compulsive
sexual behaviours
• Receiving attention and affection for sex can affect a
survivor’s ability to achieve a healthy sense of love and
belonging
• Precocious sexual activity Aggressive sexual behaviours
• Sexual parts of the child may be fetishized
• Promiscuity
• Abuse may impart misconceptions about sexuality
(e.g., sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual
behaviour, and sexual morality)
• Prostitution (making use of or working in the sex
trade)
• Sexual activities may become conditioned to negative
emotions and memories, creating an aversion to sex
or intimacy
Betrayal
Possible Manifestations
• Childhood sexual abuse manipulates a child’s
vulnerability, violates the expectation that others will
provide care and protection, and may interfere with
the ability to trust
• Sexual dysfunctions (e.g., lack of desire, difficulty with
sexual arousal, inability to experience orgasm, and
avoidance of sexual intimacy)
• Overdependence or clinginess
• Vulnerability to subsequent abuse and exploitation
• The child’s autonomy and wellbeing are disregarded,
which may affect the sense of self
• Failure to accurately judge the trustworthiness or
motives of others, leading to subsequent abuse and
exploitation and/or inability to protect one’s own
children from abuse
• Deep-seated guilt and shame develop because
children believe something bad about them caused
the abuse
• Social withdrawal, isolation, and/or avoidance of
intimate relationships
• Profound sense of grief over lost innocence or the
“perfect” or “normal” family; depression
• Extreme anxiety or fear, which engenders a sense of
dependency
• Chronic relationship difficulties
• “Acting out” behaviours (e.g., aggression,
delinquency, risk-taking, etc.)
continued...
61
TABLE 6
Traumagenic dynamics of childhood sexual abuse
Characteristic
Stigmatization
Possible Manifestations
Dynamics
• Abuser(s) and others blame or denigrate the victim
engendering a sense of shame or guilt
• The abuser and others pressure child for secrecy
• The victim feels “damaged,” “abnormal,” “bad,”
which may contribute to a distorted sense of self and
lowered self-esteem
• Dysphoria or chronic depression
• Stigmatization, isolation, and marginalization may
contribute to substance abuse
• Criminal behaviour
• Failure to care for oneself (e.g., risk-taking behaviours,
poor hygiene, poor health practices)
• Self-harm or self-mutilation
Powerlessness
• Unwanted invasion of one’s body or personal space
can interfere with the establishment and maintenance
of healthy boundaries and increase risk of repeated
victimization
• Abuser(s) may use violence, threats, trickery, or
bribery to involve their victim
• If others do not believe and respond appropriately to
disclosure of abuse, an individual may develop a
lowered sense of efficacy
• Some victims develop a high need for personal
control and may even identify with the abuser
• Hyper-arousal (i.e., chronic anxiety, phobias, tendency
to startle easily, irritability, poor sleep)
• Intrusion (e.g., flashbacks during waking states,
traumatic nightmares during sleep)
• Constriction (dissociation to endure danger that one is
unable to fight off or escape) -alters perception,
sensation, and time sense and may result in avoidance
of reminders of the trauma, emotional
numbing/blunting, detachment, and an inability to
experience joy
• Stress-related disease and illness; chronic and/or
vague somatic problems
Adapted from Finklehor and Browne with permission of D. Finkelhor.
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resources
TO FIND MORE INFORMATION ON CHILD ABUSE:
Public Health Agency of Canada
www.phac-aspc.gc.ca
Department of Justice, Canada
www.justice.gc.ca
Canadian Association of Sexual Abuse Centres
www.casac.ca
Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime
www.crcvc.ca/en/links
Canadian Children’s Rights Council
www.canadiancrc.com
Parent Help Line
www.parenthelpline.ca
Parenting Network
www.parentingnetwork.ca
Nova Scotia Government
www.gov.ns.ca/coms/families/abuse
PEI Government
www.gov.pe.ca
Provincial Child Protection Intake Unit
1-877-341-3101 After Hours 1-800-341-6868
Kids Help Phone 1-800-668-6868
www.kidshelpphone.ca
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www.deal.org
Kids Health (USA)
http://kidshealth.org
“Asher”
Photo courtesy of Trica Harrison
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