Ichnology Newsletter 28, October 2011

Transcription

Ichnology Newsletter
Volume 28
Shahin E. Dashtgard and Noelia B. Carmona, Coeditors
October 2011
Published October 2011 in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Copyright notice
Copyright is held by the author(s) of each item in the Ichnology Newsletter. All rights are reserved.
Legal disclaimer
The current Ichnology Newsletter is not connected in any way with the former Ichnology Newsletter published from
1968 to 1990. We cannot assume responsibility for obligations incurred by the former editors.
Taxonomic disclaimer
The Ichnology Newsletter is an informal publication and is not valid for taxonomic or nomenclatural purposes under
the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature or the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
Subscription information
This newsletter is made available for free online.
Editors
Shahin E. Dashtgard
Applied Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology (ARISE) Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, Canada V5A 1S6, Phone +1-778-782-5492, email: [email protected]
Noelia B. Carmona
Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Isidro Lobo y Belgrano,
(8332) Roca, Río Negro, Argentina, Phone: 0054-2941-427399, email: [email protected]
Contents
1.
Letter from the Editors
2.
Ichnia 2012 Announcement
3.
34th International Geological Congress, Applied Ichnology Symposium Announcement
4.
Research Article: 3D Reconstruction of Ichnofabrics in Fine-Grained Sediments: Assessment of the Morphological Diversity of Phycosiphoniform Burrows
By: Małgorzata Bednarz and Duncan McIlroy
10.
Research Article: The Prehistoric Trackways National Monument, Permian of Southern New Mexico, U.S.A.
By: Spencer G. Lucas, Sebastian Voigt, Allan J. Lerner, Jerry P. MacDonald, Justin A. Spielmann, and Matthew D. Celeskey
15.
Book Review: Ichnology. Organism-Substrate Interactions in Space and Time By: Andreas Wetzel
20.
A day at the beach when stormwinds abate – an ichno-photostory By: Andreas Wetzel
23.
Summary: Ninth International Ichnofabric Workshop: Calgary, Alberta By: Shahin Dashtgard
24. Summary: Sixth International Bioerosion Workshop: Utah, USA By: Richard Bromley
25
Summary: Tenth International Ichnofabric Workshop: Jiaozuo City, China By: Andreas Wetzel
27. Summary: Workshop on Crustacean Bioturbation: Lepe, Spain By: Noelia Carmona
31.Summary: The Latin American Symposium on Ichnology 2010: Sao Leopoldo, Brazil By: Noelia Carmona and Renata Netto
34.
Summary: Eleventh International Ichnofabric Workshop: Colunga, Spain By: Luis Buatois
36.
Current Research
43.
Ichnological Websites including the new LinkedIn.com group page
45.
Bibliographia Ichnologica 2006-2011
53.
Ichnological Newsletter Submission Instructions
Cover: Rosselia chonoides in the Appaloosa Sandstone, Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. This photo was taken during the IIW 9 held
in Calgary, Alberta in 2008.
Letter From the Editors:
Welcome to IN28 with its new editors, Shahin Dashtgard and Noelia Carmona! In this issue , Noelia and I have opted
to change the formatting somewhat, mainly in that we have removed the “Friends of Ichnology” section and have
replaced that with a Managed Group site on the professional networking site LinkedIn.com. We’re also pleased to
include the Ichnological Bibliography again this year.
The success of the Ichnology Newsletter is entirely dependent on the support and contributions from the ichnological
community. For everyone that submitted articles and reports, we would like to thank you for your contribution.
However, there are a couple of people that deserve additional recognition. We would like to extend a special thanks to
Andreas Wetzel, Malgorzata Bednarz and Duncan McIlroy, and to Spencer Lucas and co-authors for their contributions.
Andreas Wetzel is thanked for submitting three articles: a book review of the new Buatois and Mangano Ichnology
book (p. 15-19), a very cool Ichno photostory on Ophiurids (p. 20-22), and a summary of the tenth international
ichnofabric workshop (p. 25-26). Malgorzata and Duncan submitted an excellent article on Phycosiphoniform burrows
(p. 4-9) that includes an interactive PDF (p. 7). This is a first for the IN and is definitely worth checking out. To rotate
the figures, simply click on each figure, and you can rotate the image in 3D! Spencer Lucas and co-authors are also
thanked for their research article on the Prehistoric Trackways National Monument (p. 10-14).
As with previous years, the IN is freely available in electronic form to whoever wants to download it. A digital
copy will be available through the LinkedIn web page and through the International Ichnological Association website
(http://ichnologicalassociation.org). Print copies will not be available from the editors, although any print and copy
center should be able to produce a hardcopy of the IN if you are interested.
We hope you enjoy the new Ichnological Newsletter! It was a pleasure for us to see how committed the community is
to advancing the science of ichnology!
Our Best Regards
Shahin Dashtgard and Noelia Carmona
Shahin Dashtgard
Noelia Carmona
1
ICHNIA 2012
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John’s, Canada
11 – 23 August, 2012
SCHEDULE
August
11th – 13th:
Pre-conference fieldtrip:
Ichnology of the Hawke Bay Quartzite
and Winterhouse Formation
Benthic ecology at the Bonne Bay
Research Station
13th:
Registration and icebreaker
14th – 15th:
Scientific sessions
16th:
Intra-conference fieldtrip followed by banquet
17th – 18th:
Scientific sessions
19th – 21th:
Post-conference fieldtrip:
Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary
at Fortune, and Ediacara biota.
22st – 23nd:
Post-conference core workshop
for graduate students.
ACCOMMODATION
Campus accommodation is available for the 13 – 18th August
$50.00per night (single occupancy room)
$37.50 per night (shared room).
There are also good hotels quite close to the University.
REGISTRATION
Pre-registration will be available at www.ichnia2012.ichnology.ca
Payment by visa will be possible online through the
Memorial University conference services office.
Chondrites,
Winterhouse Formation
A thematic volume is proposed,
manuscripts to be submitted before the 1st August 2012
(this is a hard deadline!).
The volume will be published by the Geological Association of
Canada.
WWW.ICHNOLOGY.CA
2
Invitation to submit abstracts for the Applied Ichnology Symposium
34th IGC, Brisbane Australia, August 5-10, 2012
Dear Colleagues,
You are cordially invited to submit a talk or poster abstract for consideration in a
Symposium focused on Applied Ichnology (Symposium 13.5) in Theme 13
(Sedimentation and Sedimentary Processes), at the 34th International Geological
Congress, Brisbane, Australia (5-10 August, 2012).
http://www.34igc.org/
The Applied Ichnology Symposium will be focused on the role of ichnology in
sedimentation and sedimentary processes, particularly in the areas of facies
analysis, genetic stratigraphy, and reservoir characterization.
The Abstract and Early Bird Registration site is now open and we encourage you
to submit abstracts as soon as possible. The closing date for abstracts is 17
February 2012.
Kind regards,
Kerrie L. Bann and James A. MacEachern (Co-Chairs).
Dr. Kerrie L. Bann
Ichnofacies Analysis Inc., Calgary Alberta, Canada T3H 2W3
email: [email protected]
Dr James A. MacEachern
Professor and Chair, Dept. Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
3
3D Reconstruction of Ichnofabrics in Fine-Grained Sediments: Assessment of the
Morphological Diversity of Phycosiphoniform Burrows
By: Małgorzata Bednarz* and Duncan McIlroy
Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, Newfoundland, A1B
*
3X5, Canada
Abstract
Three-dimensional methods in ichnology
Three-dimensional visualization of trace fossils has
formerly been a challenge to ichnologists owing to the
lack of the availability of computational tools required
for compilation of a series of two-dimensional cross
sections of burrows into a three-dimensional volumetric
environment. With computerization, and the availability of
tools primarily used in medical science, new technologies
for reliable three-dimensional visualizations have become
available. Three-dimensional, volumetric rendering of
trace fossils is new and has not yet been widely used.
Non destructive techniques used include Magnetic
Resonance Imaging of Macaronichnus (Gingras et al.,
2002); X-Ray analysis of Zoophycos (Wetzel and Werner
1980; Löwemark and Schäfer, 2003), and Monesichnus
(Genise and Laza, 1998); vertebrate trackways, footprints
and terrestrial trace fossils have also been studied using
Multi-stripe Laser Triangulation Scanning (MLT) (Platt et
al., 2010). Serial grinding has the advantage of allowing
direct observation and measurement of rock properties but
has the disadvantage of destroying the original material.
The destructive nature of serial grinding precludes its
application to most commercial reservoirs, and means
that the ichnologist must turn to analogue material.
Phycosiphon-like trace fossils have been the first group to
which this method has been applied (Naruse and Nifuku,
2008; Bednarz and McIlroy, 2009).
Phycosiphon-like trace fossils are some of the most
common and important ichnofabric forming trace
fossils in marine facies characterized by fine-grained
sediments such as mudstones and siltstones. This study
aims to reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology
of Phycosiphon-like trace fossils from three locations
of different geological age in order to test the validity of
criteria used to recognize such fossils in vertical cross
section. It also presents methodology to create digital
volumetric models of trace fossils which geometry was
computer-modeled using series of consecutive images
obtained by serial grinding and measured in 3D software.
Introduction
The methodology of serial grinding of rock containing
trace fossils in order to obtain series of images that would
help to reconstruct spatial geometry of burrows is well
known for ichnologists. With recent development in
computerization, it is now possible to use the resultant
consecutive images to create digital 3D reconstructions
as a deterministic and reliable alternative for models
created with pen and paper that are based on subjective
eye observations. The study presented here introduces
methods used to acquire digital 3D reconstructions and
results of examination of “phycosiphoniforms” (Bednarz
and McIlroy, 2009) from different localities in the light
of their spatial geometry. The recognition of Phycosiphon
in cross section is usually based on comparison with
hypothetical cross sections of bedding-parallel specimens.
This study critically reassesses Phycosiphon-like burrows
in the light of existing conceptual models, for comparison
with 3D reconstructions of Phycosiphon-like trace fossils
from the Cretaceous Rosario Formation, Jurassic Staithes
Sandstone Formation, and Carboniferous Yoredale
Sandstone Formation. Examination of reconstructed
three-dimensional burrows suggest that the characteristic
“frog spawn” ichnofabric that is usually attributed to
Phycosiphon (sensu stricto) can be produced by other
similar taxa. Palaeobiological models for the formation
of the studied Phycosiphon-like trace fossils can be
fundamentally different to that proposed for Phycosiphon,
but produce remarkably similar vertical cross sections.
This study presents computer generated three-dimensional
reconstructions of phycosiphoniform burrows from
three different localities. At present, all available nondestructive techniques used to acquire three-dimensional
representation of the fossils base on variations in
density that characterize the scanned medium (X-Ray
CT scanning), or require full exposure of the examined
surface of the fossil and do not provide data on the
burrow fill (Multi-stripe Laser Triangulation Scanning,
Platt et al., 2010). The effectiveness of CT scanning for
imaging trace fossil fabrics in mudstones is limited by the
minimal density contrast between the burrow fill and the
rock matrix (cf. Gingras et al., 2002; Naruse and Nifuku,
2008). The trace fossil samples that form the basis for
this study were thus examined using serial grinding and
the obtained data were incorporated into the 3D models
presented below.
4
Serial grinding
Systematic serial grinding has been effectively used in
past to obtain three-dimensional models of body fossils
(e.g. Baker, 1978; Hammer, 1999; Sutton et al., 2001;
Watters and Grotzinger, 2001; Maloof et al., 2010;
Schmidtling and Marshall, 2010), as well as endogenic
trace fossils (e.g. Genise and Laza, 1998; Wetzel and
Uchman, 2001; Naruse and Nifuku, 2008; Bednarz and
McIlroy, 2009). The technique of serial grinding involves
sequential abrasive removal of a thin layer of material
from a planar surface of the rock with maintaining
constant displacement (Sutton et al., 2001). It results in
exposure of parallel regularly spaced surfaces in order to
obtain a sequence of photographs of the resultant vertical
cross sections of examined objects. The set of consecutive
digital images thus created is the basis for the computerbased 3D reconstructions (Sutton et al., 2001; Naruse and
Nifuku, 2008; Bednarz and McIlroy, 2009).
3D modeling, volume measurements and 3D models
publication
The processed two dimensional photographic images
were the basis for three dimensional modelling. After
providing information about spatial slices’ displacement,
units of measurement and adjustment of color scheme,
the image stack was imported into three dimensional
rendering software VolView 2.0 and VGStudio MAX
1.2.1. The gray scaled representations of burrow
cross sections were converted by the software to a
volume that reflects the real size and proportions of the
examined volume of the rock. For the purpose of volume
measurements, both burrow cores and burrow halos
of phycosiphoniform ichnofabric were reconstructed
separately from grey scale images containing their
distributions in cross section. This approach allowed for
detailed 3D reconstruction of geometry of each of the two
main parts of phycosiphoniform burrows (core and halo).
Image processing
Each set of digital images that represents given sample
was processed in the 2D image processing software
Adobe Photoshop in order to prepare and convert it to
a format suitable for importing to 3D image rendering
software. This image processing procedure involves
manual selection of cross sections of the chosen burrows
on each image; image registering; color and contrast
manipulation; export of processed images into desired file
format (e.g. DICOM, JPEG, PNG). The sets of prepared
images, saved in consecutive order within separate
locations on a computer hard disc, represent a stack of
2D data suitable for import into 3D rendering software.
The analogous technique of image processing procedure
prior to 3D reconstruction was successfully employed in
the past by Sutton et al. (2001), Naruse and Nifuku (2008)
and Bednarz and McIlroy (2009). The methodology of
serial grinding and image registration for purposes of 3D
reconstructions was described by Sutton et al. (2001).
The 3D geometries obtained from the stack of raster
images were converted into vector objects in VolView
and/or VG Studio and exported into the file format that
can be opened and/or edited by any 3D rendering software
including (e.g. Stereo Lithography 3D object). The mesh
of the generated vector objects reflects ichnofabric
structures that are complicated in nature; therefore the
resultant mesh is very dense. In order to generate files that
are suitable for presenting them on an average computer
system and in the Internet, mesh simplification was
involved. For the purpose of aiding illustration artificial
colors were applied to the specified volumes representing
halo or core material.
Volumetric binary data obtained through digital
reconstruction can be exported to many file types that
maintain 3D structure for further examination with
additional computer software that is available for free (e.g.
Right Hemisphere Deep View, GLC_Player or Cortona3D
Viewer), for instance, in order to analyze spatial relation
between distinct burrow’s types, presentation of possible
cross sections in 3D environment or animations. The files
were converted to formats suitable for presentation in
the popular digital documents (e.g. PDF, DOC or PPT),
as well as in the Internet as movie formats and also
interactive 3D files (see www.ichnology.ca).
The phycosiphoniform burrows studied are composed
of dark grey mud cores surrounded by halos of brighter
in color and coarser sediment that is in some cases
accentuated by the presence of pyrite. Both of these
components of the burrows are in color contrast to the
matrix of the rock they are enclosed in and visible on the
obtained photographic datasets. The burrow cores and the
halos were tracked separately through each consecutive
image and manually selected with tablet pen. Created
shapes representing cores or halos were filled in with
white color and saved on a black background as a binary
file.
Quantitative ichnological methods
Quantitative methods in ichnology and their application
in regards to the newly explored 3D reconstructions of
trace fossils have been recently reviewed (Platt et al.
2010). Quantitative ichnology has previously been limited
5
to two dimensions due to the lack 3D reconstructions
(cf. Taylor and Goldring, 1993; Droser and Bottjer,
1986). Three-dimensional reconstructions such as the
one presented herein allow deterministic measurement
of several parameters of trace fossils and ichnofabrics,
including burrow size and geometry, and the volumes
of various components of ichnofabrics. Application of
3D volumetric methods for any trace fossil investigation
brings new insight into the ichnological interpretation and
understanding of the examined sedimentary fabric.
are usually paired as a result of the geometry of this type
of phycosiphoniform burrows that is based on lobes. The
halo of the phycosiphoniform in this material generally
encloses the area between the paired cores - loops are
principally entirely infilled with halo material. Where the
burrow is composed of a single string, the halo is usually
located below the muddy core (Ph 3, Fig. 2). Because of
this, the geometry of this type of Phycosiphon-like burrows
may be explained by pre-existing palaeobiological models
for Phycosiphon incertum (Bromley, 1996; Wetzel and
Bromley, 1994). This material may be attributed to
Phycosiphon incertum (sensu stricto).
Examined Phycosiphoniform Burrow Types and Their
3D Reconstructions
Nereites isp. from the Lower Carboniferous Yoredale
Sandstone Formation, Northumberland, UK (Ph7)
The Phycosiphon-like burrows are hosted in grey
parallel laminated siltstone. The ichnofabric ostensibly
resembles the phycosiphoniform frog-spawn pattern.
Close examination of the cross sections shows that the
elliptical, dark grey burrow cores are predominantly
isolated (not paired as in Phycosiphon s.s.) and are
completely surrounded by light grey silty halo material.
The surrounding halo ring is usually thick for at least the
length of the minor axis of the core ellipse length. The
upper half of the halo ring is commonly concave to bilobed. The bi-lobed upper surface of the burrow invites
comparison with Nereites ispp. 3D reconstructions of
single burrows show that this phycosiphoniform type is
characterized by the least tortuous burrows considered in
this study. Slightly bent strings or broadly open loops are
the most frequent. Loops are usually widely open and not
infilled with halo material (Ph7, Fig. 2).
Three examples of Phycosiphon-like burrows were
subjects to three-dimensional examination:
1. Upper Cretaceous Rosario Formation, Baja
California, Mexico (Ph1).
2. Lower Jurassic Staithes Sandstone Formation,
Yorkshire coast, UK (Ph3).
3. Lower Carboniferous Yoredale Sandstone
Formation, Craster, Northumberland, UK (Ph7).
The 3D reconstructions presented herein include (Fig. 1):
1. Reconstruction of bioturbated prism enclosing all
burrows present in selected volume;
2. Selected individual burrows reconstructed
separately.
Phycosiphoniform burrows from the Upper Cretaceous
Rosario Formation, Mexico (Ph1)
The Phycosiphon-like burrows from Rosario Formation
are hosted in laminated turbidite siltstone (see Bednarz and
McIlroy, 2009). In vertical cross section the ichnofabric
presents the characteristic “frogspawn texture” of
phycosiphoniform burrows.
Conclusions
Three-dimensional reconstructions in ichnology become
more popular thanks to computational tools being now
available to almost all scientists. The scope of advantages
that spatial geometry of examined burrows can offer is
huge, offering interactive model manipulation by any
ichnologist of once created and then shared 3D model (e.g.,
availability of all possible cross sections examination,
hiding or showing selected parts of burrows). Considering
the fact that the resultant 3D models of burrows or 3D
representations of whole ichnofabrics are deterministic
and thus allow for volumetric approach makes this
method of ichnological research important not only for
strictly ichnological-taxonomic studies but also as a tool
for petroleum industry (if the examined form is frequently
present in petroleum bearing facies).
The burrow halo is principally located below each black
muddy core and also entirely infills the area between
lobe arms. All burrow lobes are essentially perpendicular
to the paleohorizontal plane (vertical loops), usually
around 2 cm in vertical extent (burrow depth) and bent in
horizontal plane (Ph1, Fig. 2). No horizontal loops were
observed in the examined sample volume.
Phycosiphon s.s. from the Lower Jurassic Staithes
Sandstone Formation, Yorkshire coast, UK (Ph3)
The Phycosiphon-like trace fossils are hosted in a fine
grained siltstone. The sample was found to contain
a second type of Phycosiphon-like burrows with the
characteristic phycosiphoniform frogspawn texture
identified. In the cross sections studied, the core ellipses
Figure 1 (Next Page) - Interactive (click on each figure to rotate it) three-dimensional reconstruction of burrows and ichnofabric
present in examined samples (Ph1, Ph3, Ph7). Dark grey color represents core material; orange color represents halo material.
6
Phycosiphoniform burrows from the Upper Cretaceous Rosario Formation, Mexico (Ph1)
Scale: 15 mm
Scale: 15 mm
Phycosiphon s.s. from the Lower Jurassic Staithes Sandstone Formation, Yorkshire coast, UK (Ph3)
Scale: 5 mm
Scale: 2 mm
Nereites isp. from the Lower Carboniferous Yoredale Sandstone Formation, Northumberland, UK (Ph7)
Scale: 20 mm
Scale: 20 mm
Figure 2 - Idealized cross sections of the three types of studied phycosiphoniform burrows. Schematic cross sections are based
on the observations of reconstructed three-dimensional geometry of the burrows. Dark grey color represents core material; orange
color represents halo material.
The
three-dimensional
models
of
studied
phycosiphoniform burrows presented herein revealed
that not all ichnofabric showing frogspawn texture can
be associated uncritically with Phycosiphon incertum,
and that there are several vivid differences between the
phycosiphoniform burrows. These differences are: 1) the
overall burrow structure is based or not on loops; 2) the
vertical and/or horizontal geometry of the loops; 3) the
zone between loop arms is or is not infilled with halo
material; 4) the location of the halo material in relation to
the core string (below or around), and its shape in vertical
cross section (e.g., concaved/bilobed/rounded); 5) the
loop shape (e.g., widely open); 6) volumetric relation of
halo to core material.
In the light of these characteristics, the three types of
phycosiphoniform burrows examined here were analyzed
and the results are shown in the Table 1 below.
This method has considerable potential to improve the
understanding of many ichnotaxa, if you feel your own
work could benefit from this approach, just get in touch.
Ph1 - Phycosiphoniform
burrows (Mexico)
Ph3 - Phycosiphon s.s.
(Yorkshire, UK)
Ph7 - Nereites isp. (Craster,
UK)
“Frog spawn” texture in vertical
cross section
cross section
cross section
Loops vertical
Loops vertical and/or horizontal
Loops horizontal, widely
opened
Zone between loop arms infilled
with halo
Zone between loop arms infilled
with halo
Zone between loop arms never
infilled with halo
Halo always present below each
loop arm or straight burrow core
Halo enclosed and bounded by
the loop arms or present below
the straight burrow core
Halo present around burrow
core. Upper half of the halo ring
is commonly concave to bilobed
Table 1 - Differences and similarities between the three examined types of phycosiphoniform burrows.
8
References
Naruse, H. and Nifuku. K. 2008. Three-dimensional morphology
of the ichnofossil Phycosiphon incertum and its implication
for paleoslope inclination, Palaios. 23(5): 270-279.
Platt, B.F., Hasiotis S.T., and Hirmas, D.R. 2010. Use of lowcost multistripe laser triangulation (MLT) scanning technology
for three-dimensional, quantitative paleoichnological and
neoichnological studies. Journal of Sedimentary Research,
80(7): 590-610.
Schmidtling R.C. and Marshall C.R. 2010. Three-dimensional
structure and fluid flow through the hydrospires of the blastoid
echinoderm, Pentremites rusticus. Journal of Paleontology,
84(1): 109-117.
Sutton, M.D., Briggs, D.E.G., Siveter, D.J., and Siveter, D.J.
2001. Methodologies for the Visualization and Reconstruction
of Three-dimensional Fossils from the Silurian Herefordshire
Lagerstätte. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 17 p. (http://
palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/s2/issue1_01.htm).
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of bioturbation and ichnofabric. Journal of the Geological
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Watters, W.A. and Grotzinger, J.P. 2001. Digital reconstruction
of calcified early metazoans, terminal Proterozoic Nama
Group, Namibia. Paleobiology, 27(1): 159-171.
Wetzel, A. and Bromley, R.G. 1994. Phycosiphon incertum
revisited: Anconichnus horizontalis is junior subjective
synonym. Journal of Paleontology, 68: 1396-1402.
Wetzel, A. and Uchman, A. 2001. Sequential colonization
of muddy turbidites in the Eocene Beloveza Formation,
Carpathians, Poland, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 168(1-2): 171-186.
Wetzel, A. and Werner, F. 1980. Morphology and ecological
significance of Zoophycos in deep-sea sediments off NW
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Baker, P.G. 1978. A technique for the accurate reconstruction
of internal structures of micromorphic fossils. Palaeontology,
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Bednarz, M. and McIlroy, D. 2009. Three-Dimensional
Reconstruction of “Phycosiphoniform” Burrows: Implications
for Identification of Trace Fossils in Core. Palaeontologia
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org/2009_3/195/).
Bromley, R.G. 1996. Trace fossils: biology, taphonomy and
applications. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom.
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classification of ichnofabric. Journal of Sedimentary
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Roselli: a complex insect trace fossil produced by two distinct
trace makers. Ichnos, 5: 213-223.
Gingras, M.K., Macmillan, B., Balcom, B.J., Saunders, T., and
Pemberton, S.G. 2002. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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552-558.
Hammer, Ø. 1990. Computer-aided study of growth patterns
in tabulate corals, exemplified by Catenipora heintzi from
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Löwemark, L., and Schäfer. P. 2003. Ethological implications
from a detailed X-ray radiograph and 14C study of the modern
deep-sea Zoophycos. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 192: 101-121.
Maloof, A., Rose, C.V., Beach, R., Samuels. B.M., Calmet, C.C.,
Erwin, D.H., Poirier, G.R., Yao, N. and Simons, F.J. 2010.
Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones
from South Australia. Nature Geoscience, 3: 653 - 659.
9
The Prehistoric Trackways National Monument, Permian of Southern New Mexico,
U.S.A.
By: Spencer G. Lucas*, Sebastian Voigt, Allan J. Lerner, Jerry P. MacDonald, Justin A. Spielmann, and
Matthew D. Celeskey
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road N.W., Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87104-1375
U.S.A. *email: [email protected]
assemblages made by invertebrates and vertebrates that
lived on and near tidal flats of the Early Permian Hueco
seaway. Nearly two decades of scientific research have
identified the Robledo trace fossils as one of the most
scientifically significant ichnofossil records known, a true
trace-fossil Lagerstätte. This significance derives from
documentation by Robledo traces of the: (1) presence
of many organisms, especially arthropods, not known
from coeval strata in New Mexico; (2) new ichnotaxa,
not previously known from the ichnofossil record; (3)
complex apterygote insect behaviors, including some
of the oldest records of jumping; (4) diversity, inferred
trophic dynamics and paleoecology of the Early Permian
tidal flat biota; (5) extramorphological variation in
tetrapod footprint morphologies, allowing comprehensive
ichnotaxonomic revisions; and, (6) composition of
ichnofossil assemblages, ichnocoenoses and ichnofacies
that are a pivotal part of modeling spatial
variation in Early Permian red-bed terrestrial
communities.
The Prehistoric Trackways National Monument (PTNM)
is ~5000 acres of land administered by the Bureau of Land
Management (BLM, an agency of the U.S. Government)
in the Robledo Mountains of Doña Ana County, southern
New Mexico, USA. In 2008, the U.S. Congress created
the national monument, primarily because of the worldclass Early Permian trace-fossil assemblages preserved in
the Robledo Mountains. One of us (JPM) discovered these
assemblages in the 1980s and brought them to scientific
attention.
The Robledo Mountains are a horst block along the
western margin of the southern Rio Grande rift that
exposes a 500-m-thick section of upper Paleozoic,
carbonate-dominated strata (Fig. 1). Near the top of
this section, red-bed siliciclastic strata of the Robledo
Mountains Formation of the Hueco Group (late
Wolfcampian, Artinskian) contain extensive trace fossil
The degree of scientific study of the Robledo
ichnofossils is reflected by two volumes of
collected scientific articles, one monograph,
dozens of articles in scientific journals
and numerous abstracts of presentations at
scientific meetings (see bibliography below).
Despite intensive collecting and study, much
new information about Robledo ichnofossils
continues to be discovered. Recent discoveries
include the identification of a new assemblage
that preserves limulid and anemone
traces together with chondrophorine body
impressions, and demonstrate that ongoing
research and collecting of the Robledo
ichnofossils will continue to advance our
understanding of the Early Permian tidal flat
communities documented by ichnofossils in
the PTNM.
The PTNM tetrapod tracks have served
as a “Rosetta Stone” for rewriting global
Permian tetrapod footprint ichnotaxonomy,
Figure 1 - Simplified geological map of the Robledo Mountains of southern particularly of the ichnogenera Batrachichnus
New Mexico, USA, showing the location of the Prehistoric Trackways (Fig. 2), Dromopus and Dimetropus and their
National Monument.
various synonyms. The large sample sizes
10
Figure 2 - Temnospondyl amphibian making Batrachichnus tracks.
allowed extensive documentation of extramorphological
variation in Permian tetrapod footprints that made it
clear that numerous named ichnotaxa are based on such
variants and thus are useless “phantom taxa.” Among
invertebrate traces, the PTNM sites have provided several
new ichnotaxa (such as Augerinoichnus, Fig. 3) as well
as a better understanding of variation in several known
ichnotaxa. Trace fossil assemblages from the PTNM were
central to new concepts of tetrapod footprint ichnofacies.
Indeed, the tetrapod footprints from the PTNM are the
archetypal example of the Batrachichnus Ichnofacies,
known from a wide range of trace-fossil assemblages of
Carboniferous-Triassic age (Fig. 2).
Local paleogeography of the Early Permian shoreline can
also be better interpreted with the aid of the PTNM trace
fossils.
The PTNM trace fossil assemblages are preserved as part
of a national monument administered by the BLM. This
guarantees protection of the fossil sites from vandalism,
unauthorized collection or other human-induced damage/
destruction. It also guarantees future opportunities for
research and interpretation of the trace fossil sites.
Beginning in the 1990s, the results of scientific research
on the trace fossils began to be published. Since then, at
least 65 scientific books, articles and abstracts have been
dedicated primarily to the paleontology of the Lower
Permian strata in the southern Robledo Mountains. Here,
we compile these publications through 2010, as well as
some articles published on the paleontology of the Lower
Permian of the Robledo Mountains prior to the 1990s.
The PTNM trace fossils are integral to interpretation
of the tidal flat paleoenvironments in which they were
preserved. Particularly significant are questions regarding
the amount of salinity of the Early Permian tidal flats.
Presumably, several of the tracemakers were animals that
could not tolerate much salinity, such as terrestrial insects.
Figure 3 - Augerinoichnus (scale bar = 1 cm).
References
Braddy, S.J. 1995. A new arthropod trackway and associated
invertebrate ichnofauna from the Lower Permian Hueco
Formation of the Robledo Mountains, southern New Mexico.
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science,
Bulletin, 6:101-105.
Braddy, S.J. 1998. An overview of the invertebrate ichnotaxa
from the Robledo Mountains ichnofauna (Lower Permian),
southern New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural
History and Science, Bulletin, 12: 93-98.
11
Braddy, S.J. 1999. Terrestrial trace fossils from the Robledo
Mountains ichnofauna (Lower Permian) of southern New
Mexico. Geoscientist, 9: 5-6.
Braddy, S.J. and Briggs, D.E.G. 2002. New Lower Permian
non-marine arthropod trace fossils from New Mexico and
South Africa. Journal of Paleontology 76: 546-557.
Braddy, S.J., Morrisey, L.B. and Yates, A.M. 2003. Amphibian
swimming traces from the Lower Permian of southern New
Mexico. Palaeontology 46: 671-683.
Breithaupt, B.H., Matthews, N.A., Hester, P.M. and Lucas, S.G.
2010. High-tech digital photography of world-class fossil
footprints: Photogrammetric, ichnological documentation of
the Prehistoric Trackways National Monument, New Mexico.
In A Decade of Discovery: National Landscape Conservation
System Bureau of Land Management Science Symposium, p.
18.
Cook, C.W., Lucas, S.G. and Estep, J.W. 1998. Stratigraphy of
Upper Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian rocks in New Mexico:
An overview. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Science, Bulletin 12: 9-27.
Hannibal, J.T., Rindsberg, A.K., Lerner, A.J and Lucas, S.G.
2005. A complex, chambered ichnofossil from redbeds of the
Lower Permian Robledo Mountains Formation of the Hueco
Group. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science,
Bulletin 30: 100.
Haubold, H., Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G. and Lockley, M.G. 1995.
Wolfcampian (Early Permian) vertebrate tracks from Arizona
and New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History
and Science, Bulletin 6: 135-165.
Hunt, A.P., Lockley, M.G., Lucas, S.G., MacDonald, J.P.,
Hotton, III, N. and Kramer, J. 1993. Early Permian tracksites
in the Robledo Mountains, south-central New Mexico. New
Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 2:
23-31.
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 1998. Ichnological evidence for
vertebrate predation in the Paleozoic: Is there any? New
Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 12:
59-62.
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 1998. Implications of the
cosmopolitanism of Permian tetrapod ichnofaunas. New
55-57.
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 1998. Vertebrate ichnofaunas of
New Mexico and their bearing on Lower Permian vertebrate
ichnofacies. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Science Bulletin 12: 63-65.
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 1998. Vertebrate tracks and the
myth of the belly-dragging, tail-dragging tetrapods of the
late Paleozoic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Science Bulletin 12: 67-69.
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 2005. Tetrapod ichnofacies and their
utility in the Paleozoic. Alabama Paleontological Society,
Monograph 1: 113-119.
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 2006. Permian tetrapod ichnofacies.
Geological Society of London, Special Publication 265: 137156.
12
Hunt, A.P. and Lucas, S.G. 2007. Tetrapod ichnofacies: A new
paradigm. Ichnos 14: 59-68.
Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G., Cotton, W., Cotton, J. and Lockley,
M.G. 1995. Early Permian vertebrate tracks from the
Abo Formation, Socorro County, central New Mexico: A
preliminary report. New Mexico Museum of Natural History
Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G., Haubold, H. and Lockley, M.G. 1995.
Early Permian (late Wolfcampian) tetrapod tracks from the
Robledo Mountains, south-central New Mexico. New Mexico
Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 6: 167-180.
Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G., Haubold, H. and Lockley, M.G., 1995,
Tracksites from the Robledo Mountains of New Mexico:
Rosetta Stone for Early Permian ichnology. Geological
Society of America Abstracts with Programs 27(4): 15.
Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G. and Lockley, M.G. 1995. Paleozoic
tracksites of the western United States. New Mexico Museum
of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 6: 213-217.
Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G., Lockley, M.G., Haubold, H. and
Braddy, S.J. 1995. Tetrapod ichnofacies in Early Permian red
beds of the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science, Bulletin 6: 295-301.
Hunt, A.P., Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A. 2005. Early
Permian tetrapod tracksites in New Mexico. New Mexico
Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 31: 46-48.
Kietzke, K.K. and Lucas, S.G. 1995. Some microfossils from
the Robledo Mountains Member of the Hueco Formation,
Doña Ana County, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of
Kozur, H. and LeMone, D.V. 1995. The Shalem Colony section
of the Abo and upper Hueco members of the Hueco Formation
of the Robledo Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico:
Stratigraphy and new conodont-based age determinations.
Bulletin 6: 39-55.
Kozur, H. and LeMone, D.V. 1995. New terrestrial arthropod
trackways from the Abo Member (Sterlitamakian, late
Sakmarian, late Wolfcampian) of the Shalem Colony section,
Robledo Mountains, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of
Krainer, K. and Lucas, S.G. 1995. The limestone facies of
the Abo-Hueco transitional zone in the Robledo Mountains,
southern New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural
History and Science, Bulletin 6: 33-38.
Krainer, K., Lucas, S.G. and Kues, B.S. 2000. Stratigraphy and
facies of the Pennsylvanian-Permian transition at Robledo
Mountain, Doña Ana County, New Mexico. New Mexico
Geology 22: 51.
Kues, B.S. 1995. Marine fauna of the Early Permian
(Wolfcampian) Robledo Mountains Member, Hueco
Formation, southern Robledo Mountains, New Mexico. New
63-90.
LeMone, D.V., Klement, K.W. and King. W.E. 1971. AboHueco facies of the Upper Wolfcampian Hueco Formation of
the southeastern Robledo Mountains, Doña Ana County, New
Mexico. Permian basin section of the Society of Economic
Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Publication 71-13: 137174.
LeMone, D.V., Simpson, R.D. and Klement, K.W. 1975.
Wolfcampian Upper Hueco Formation of the Robledo
Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico. New Mexico
Geological Society, Guidebook 26: 119-121.
Lerner, A.J, Lucas, S.G. and Krainer, K. 2009. Exceptionally
preserved hydrozoans (chondrophorines) from the Lower
Permian Robledo Mountains Formation of south-central
New Mexico. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with
Programs 41 (7): 630.
Lerner, A.J, Lucas, S.G. and MacDonald, J.P. 2010. Additional
invertebrate ichnotaxa from the Lower Permian Hueco
Group, Robledo Mountains, South-Central New Mexico.
New Mexico Geology 32: 68.
Lerner, A. J, Lucas, S. G., MacDonald, J. P. and Spielmann,
J. A. 2010. A new association of Early Permian invertebrate
trace and body fossils from Prehistoric Trackways National
Monument of south-central New Mexico. In A Decade of
Discovery: National Landscape Conservation System Bureau
of Land Management Science Symposium: 21-22.
Lucas, S.G. 1993. Geological context of Permian tracksite,
Robledo Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico. New
Mexico Geology 15: 103.
Lucas, S.G. 1998. Toward a tetrapod biochronology of the
Permian. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Lucas, S.G. 2007. Robledo footprints. In Aubele, J.C.,
Babcock, L., Babcock, J., Connealy, S., Lucas, S.G., Morris,
L. and Pate, B. (eds.), Docent guidebook to the New Mexico
Museum of Natural History and Science. Albuquerque, New
Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science: AO-15.
Lucas, S.G., Hunt, A.P. and Lockley, M.G. 1994. Preliminary
report on Permian tracksite, Robledo Mountains, Doña
Ana County, New Mexico. Geological Society of America,
Abstracts with Programs 26(6): 27.
Lucas, S.G. and Heckert, A.B. 1995. Early Permian footprints
and facies. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Science, Bulletin 6: 301.
Lucas, S.G., Anderson, O.J., Heckert, A.B. and Hunt, A.P. 1995.
Geology of Early Permian tracksites, Robledo Mountains,
south-central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural
Lucas, S.G., Heckert, A.B., Anderson, O.J. and Hunt, A.P. 1995.
Early Permian tracksite, base-level changes, and depositional
cyclicity of intertongued Abo-Hueco strata, Robledo
Mountains, New Mexico. New Mexico Geology 17: 24.
Lucas, S.G., Hunt, A.P., Heckert, A.B. and Haubold, H. 1995.
Vertebrate paleontology of the Robledo Mountains Member
of the Hueco Formation, Doña Ana Mountains, New Mexico.
Bulletin 6: 269-277.
13
Lucas, S.G., Estep, J.W. and Hunt, A.P. 1998. Road log to
Early Permian tracksites in the Robledo Mountains, Doña
Ana County, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural
Lucas, S.G., Estep, J.W. and Hoffer, J.M. 1998. Permian
stratigraphy and paleontology of the Robledo Mountains,
New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Science, Bulletin 12: 98.
Lucas, S.G., Heckert, A.B., Estep, J.W. and Cook, C.W., 1998,
Stratigraphy of the Lower Permian Hueco Group in the
Robledo Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico. New
43-54.
Lucas, S.G., Heckert, A.B., Estep, J.W., Hunt, A.P. and
Anderson, O.J. 1998. Stratigraphy, paleontology and
depositional environments of the Lower Permian Robledo
Mountains Formation of the Hueco Group, Robledo
Mountains, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural
Lucas, S.G., Krainer, K., Spielmann, J.A, Zeigler, K.E. and
Hunt, A.P. 2005. The Permian of south-central New Mexico:
Albuquerque to the Joyita Hills, Derry Hills, Las Cruces and
Robledo Mountains. New Mexico Museum of Natural History
Lucas, S.G., Lerner, A.J., Spielmann, J., Voigt, S. and
MacDonald, J. 2010. Scientific significance of the Early
Permian vertebrate and invertebrate ichnology of the
Prehistoric Trackways National Monument, Robledo
Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Geological
Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 42(5): 254.
Lucas, S.G., Lerner, A.J, MacDonald, J.P. and Spielmann, J.A.
2010. Scientific significance of early Permian trace fossils,
Prehistoric Trackways National Monument, New Mexico. In
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22-23.
MacDonald, J.P. 1992. Earth’s first steps: Footprints from the
dawn of time. Science Probe 2: 32-47.
MacDonald, J.P. 1994. Earth’s first steps: Tracking life before
the dinosaurs. Johnson Books, Boulder, 290 pp.
MacDonald, J.P. 1995. History of the discovery of fossil
footprints in southern New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of
MacDonald, J.P., Lucas, S.G., Lerner A.J and Spielmann,
J.A. 2010. The history of Prehistoric Trackways National
Monument: Evolution of the discovery and recognition of
a world famous fossil deposit. In A Decade of Discovery:
National Landscape Conservation System Bureau of Land
Management Science Symposium: 23.
Minter, N.J. and Braddy, S.J. 2006 The fish and amphibian
swimming traces Undichna and Lunichnium, with examples
from the Lower Permian of New Mexico, USA. Palaeontology
49: 1123-1142.
Minter, N.J. and Braddy, S.J. 2006. Walking and jumping with
Palaeozoic apterygote insects: Palaeontology 49: 827-835.
Spielmann, J.A., Lucas, S.G., MacDonald J.P. and Lerner, A.J.
2010.The Jerry MacDonald Paleozoic Trackways Collection
from Prehistoric Trackways National Monument, Robledo
Mountains, southern New Mexico. In A Decade of Discovery:
National Landscape Conservation System Bureau of Land
Management Science Symposium: 26.
Tidwell, W.D. and Munzing, G.E. 1995. Gymnospermous
woods from the Lower Permian Hueco Formation of southcentral New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural
Tucker, L. and Smith, M.P. 2004. A multivariate taxonomic
analysis of the Late Carboniferous vertebrate ichnofauna of
Alveley, southern Shropshire, England. Palaeontology 47:
679-710.
Voigt, S. and Lucas, S.G. 2010. Early Permian tetrapod
ichnofauna from the Robeldo Mountains, New Mexico –
revisory notes after two decades of collection and research.
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
42(5): 253.
Minter, N.J. and Braddy, S.J. 2009. Ichnology of an Early
Permian intertidal flat: The Robledo Mountains Formation
of southern New Mexico, USA. The Palaeontological
Association, Special Papers in Palaeontology 82: 1-107.
Minter, N.J., Buatois, L.A., Lucas, S.G., Braddy, S.J. and Smith
J.A., 2006, Spiral-shaped graphoglyptids from an Early
Permian intertidal flat. Geology 34: 1057-1060.
Minter, N.J., Lucas, S.G., Lerner, A.J and Braddy, S.J. 2008.
Augerinoichnus helicoidalis, a new helical trace fossil
from the nonmarine Permian of New Mexico. Journal of
Paleontology 82: 1201-1206.
New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science. 1994.
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Schult, M.F. 1995. Comparisons between the Las Cruces
ichnofauna and other Permian ichnofaunas, including inferred
trackmakers. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Schult, M.F. 1995. Vertebrate trackways from the Robledo
Mountains Member of the Hueco Formation, south-central
New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
14
Book Review: Ichnology. Organism-Substrate Interactions in Space and Time
By: Andreas Wetzel
Geologisches Institut, Universität Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; email: [email protected]
Ichnology. Organism-Substrate Interactions in Space
and Time
By: Luis Buatois and Gabriela Mángano
of specific trace fossils in terms of size and geometrical
pattern is not dealt with in detail, but it is essential for
active ichnologic work. To be honest, to relate bioturbation
structures to ichnotaxa is beyond the scope of the book
and hence, cannot be seen as shortcoming. To overcome
the "ichnotaxonomic barrier" readers not familiar with
the determination of trace fossils should look on Gerard
and Bromley (2008) or – Portuguese speaking people –
on Fernandes et al. (2002), but the latter book has some
flaws in taxonomy.
Cambridge University Press 2011, Cambridge, 358 pages
82.00 US$ (hardbound), E-book version 49.90 US$
During the last years, several books about ichnology
have been published; Dolf Seilacher's "Trace Fossils"
in 2007, Gerard and Bromley "Ichnofabrics in Clastic
Sediments" in 2008, and the 2nd edition of MacEachern
et al. "Applied Ichnology" in 2009. For the small field
of science that ichnology represents, it is a considerable
number of books, especially when taking into account
some 'collected papers' volumes, such as the anthologies
edited by McIlroy (2004), Miller (2007) and Bromley et
al. (2007), not to mention ichnology-related special issues
of scientific journals. Thus, it has to be asked "Is there a
need for another book on ichnology?" After having looked
through all these publications and after having compared
them with "Ichnology" by Buatois and Mángano, my
answer is a clear "Yes"! "Ichnology" really differs from all
the other books and represents a nice source of additional
information about the use of trace fossils, especially for
those having some ichnologic background.
In the Introduction the authors clearly delineate
their intention when writing the book: They want
to find a "balance between personal experience and
a comprehensive synthesis of previous and current
research", they emphasize "invertebrate ichnology
rather than vertebrate ichnology, bioturbation rather than
bioerosion", and the examples are based on the authors'
own work … what is quite impressive in terms of time
range and environments covered. Based on this guide
line, the book consists of three parts; I – Conceptual tools
and methods (120 pages), II – Spatial trends (104 pages),
and III – Temporal trends (60 pages); References (50
pages !) + Index (11 pages). These 3 parts are arranged
in 14 chapters.
I Conceptual tools and methods
1 – Basic concepts. It is said clearly that producers of
numerous trace fossils are not known. Therefore, their
behaviour is interpretation, inference or even imagination.
Ethology of trace fossils (that would be better called
ethology of burrowers or what ichnologists believe for
which purpose a burrow was formed), is still a highly
subjective matter.
For whom this book was written is outlined in the Preface as
well as on the Backcover, " … for researchers and graduate
students in paleontology as well as in sedimentology and
sequence stratigraphy, …[and] oil industry professionals
working in reservoir and exploration geology." Yes, for
such colleagues it is an "invaluable resource". However,
I have the feeling that potential readers should have some
background in trace fossil recognition. For newcomers
to the field of ichnology who want to apply the concepts
and ideas described in the book "Ichnology", it can easily
become a real challenge to work with. I remember when I
started with ichnology I faced the severe problem to assign
a bioturbational structure to an ichnotaxon; it became even
worse while working with cores. How to work with trace
fossils, which are the rules of ichnotaxonomy, what imply
the different ichnotaxa in terms of ethology (or what the
ichnologists believe, it could imply), and how to interpret
trace fossil assemblages, is described in the book. How
to call a burrow in terms of ichnotaxonomy, can only be
derived from the many photographs, but it is essential to
name ichnologic objects properly. Also the variability
2 – Taxonomy of trace fossils. Basic approaches are
outlined; they are restricted to ichnotaxonomic rules and
ichnotaxobases including aspects like burrow wall, lining,
spreite and so on.
15
3 – Paleobiology of trace fossils. Ethologic considerations
are related to the inferred, deduced, or observed modes of
life. It is trivial to mention, but the reader should be aware
that neoichnological studies represent observations,
whereas for extinct burrowers like trilobites, the living
mode is deduced, as long as not the movement of legs
is considered, and for unknown organisms even inferred.
4 – Ichnofacies. It is described how the ichnofacies
paradigm evolved with time and how it became fruitful in
application. In fact, the occurrence of common trace fossils
belonging to the main ichnofacies are listed, the general
characteristics of the ichnofacies are described, and each
one is supplemented by a block-diagram. Photographs
are few. The captions are short, so it is necessary to read
the explaining text to get an idea on which data, papers,
and observations the ichnofacies and related diagrams are
based. The step from single studies to synoptic schemes is
a large one, but very well accomplished.
5 – Ichnofabrics. The essentials of ichnofabric, tiering,
cross-cutting relationships, penetration depth, burrow
abundance, etc., are addressed to show how to unravel
the dynamics of burrow production from a bioturbated
sediment. On the 'ichnofabric'-scale it is shown
how bioturbation affects permeability and reservoir
characteristics of rocks.
7 – 11 General depositional settings. In a set of 5 chapters
the ichnologic characteristics of sedimentary depositional
environments are described: 7 – Shallow marine clastic
environments (from shore to outer shelf areas not
affected by rivers), 8 – Marginal marine environments
(mainly river-mouth-related settings), 9 – Deep-marine
clastic environments (form shelf to the abyss, including
(hemi)pelagic and turbidite settings), 10 – Continental
environments (from lake to desert), 11 – Carbonate
environments, rocky shorelines, and volcanic terranes
(just a basket for the overleft). For all these settings, which
are further differentiated into sub-settings, the response of
burrowers to environmental parameters within a habitat
is outlined based on neoichnologic observations as
well as studies in the fossil record. The text represents
a very useful summary of the current knowledge and
ideas. When going through these chapters I enjoyed the
schematic drawings that illustrate the differentiation into
sub-environments, providing a very good representation
of the possible ichnological variability. In addition, the
schematic diagrams attempt to reflect the typical degree
of bioturbation and association with primary sedimentary
structures, although the latter are often somewhat
oversimplified. Diagrams and text are supplemented by
a large number of very nice photographs. I would call the
visualization excellent.
Assuming that people who will use this book already
have some background in ichnology, the chapters of Part
I represent a comprehensive and useful 're-vaccination'.
II. Spatial trends
6 – Paleoecology of trace fossils. Chapter 6 is a must
to read as it forms the base to understand the next set of
environment-related chapters. Although the chapter is
called " Paleoecology of trace fossils", a considerable
amount of neoichnology information has been integrated.
With respect to the effects of environmental parameters
on burrowing organisms the reader, once again, has to
differentiate carefully: Are they based on neoichnologic
observations or do they represent deductions from
findings in the sedimentary record? The authors
thoroughly reviewed and summarized the literature
with respect to 10 parameters, hydrodynamic energy,
substrate, oxygenation, salinity, sedimentation rate, food
supply, bathymetry, turbidity, climate, and the water
table. However, factor by factor is considered, but in
reality complicated interrelationships, including positive
and negative feed-back loops are only partly mentioned.
To give an example, the effects of sedimentation rate
on organic matter content of deposits certainly affect
bioturbation. A short addition similar to the diagram
provided by Savrda and Bottjer (1994; fig. 8), and some
explaining text would have been helpful. The reader will
find some of the interrelationships being addressed in the
section ecosystem engineering. Furthermore, interrelated,
but not always explicitly unravelled interrelationships
between environmental parameters are outlined in
Chapters 7 to 12. Nonetheless Chapter 6 represents a
very nice and comprehensive summary of the current
knowledge.
III Temporal trends
12 – Trace fossils in sequence stratigraphy. This chapter
provides a good summary how burrows accentuate
discontinuities and how trace fossils can be used to
decipher the formation of such surfaces. A few diagrams
and photographs are similar to those published by
MacEachern et al. (2009b). Once, the same trace fossils
has been figured in both books (Fig. 12.5b in "Ichnology"
= Fig. 15D in "Applied Ichnology"), but was photographed
by the different authors.
13 – Trace fossils in biostratigraphy. The use of trace
fossils in biostratigraphy is somewhat contradictory to the
'rules' of ichnology (see sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.8). In some
instances not the evolution of behaviour is recorded, but
the evolution of the anatomy of the trace fossil producer.
Therefore, trace fossils in biostratigraphy need to meet
two requirements, evolving trace fossil producers and
suitable substrate for fossilization. Therefore, it seems
that such seldom cases are somewhat overemphasized.
Furthermore, to apply trace fossils in biostratigraphy a
very deep knowledge in ichnology appears to be necessary.
16
14 – Trace fossils in evolutionary palecology. This chapter
covers the ichnologic record of the Cambrian explosion,
mass extinctions, colonization of continents, shelf seas,
the abyss and hard substrates. This summary provides
valuable information for people interested in general
aspects of Earth history and evolution.
or the ichnofabric approach. This book pronounces the
strength of both, the recurrent pattern, but also the details
of tiering and so on, not only to classify a setting in a more
general sense, but also to unravel the dynamics of burrow
production and the factors regulating it.
15 – Ichnology in paleoanthropology and archaeology.
On only 4 pages a short description of the new, but
nonetheless intriguing field of ichnology is given.
References are listed on 50 pages and this extent list
covers mainly the literature of the last decades. The
reader should have in mind that all these publications
have been used when the book was written, how amazing.
The Index occupies 11 pages (what a tremendous work,
even in times of word processing!) and is quite detailed
and hence, very useful.
After so much praise is there anything to criticize? Of
course, nobody is perfect, and no book is perfect, of course,
too, but my complains are minor. For me it starts with the
cover photograph. It is not very well reproduced while
being a little dark. There are certainly, more eye-catching
trace fossils or ichnofabrics than that. Some typing errors
occur, but not too many. A few photographs are little dark
or not completely in focus. What I really missed is a CD
with high-resolution photographs and facies diagrams
(or even additional material), this should be a standard
for books published today. Although an E-book version
is available, it would be nice if an affordable soft-bound
edition would be made available for students.
The main body of text is supplemented by 'boxed' case
studies, each one occupying roughly half a page. Specific
studies related to the topic addressed in a section are
outlined in a concise way. These examples are based on
single papers or summarize the main findings of several
publications for a specific topic, for instance, the ethology
of the Zoophycos producer or the "Cambrian explosion" as
documented in sandstones in southern Sweden. Roughly,
for each chapter, there are two 'boxed case studies'. The
essence of case studies is definitely beyond the contents
of an abstract. Personally I like this supplementary
information very much and find it very useful.
In conclusion, the book "Ichnology" represents a nice
compendium that summarizes the field of ichnology in a
coherent and comprehensible way. In contrast to Seilacher's
book (2007) that mainly consists of drawings of trace
fossils in the inimitable artistic "Dolf style", "Ichnology"
is illustrated by schemes of depositional settings and
many mostly high-quality photographs of trace fossils.
For me having attended the International Ichnofabric
Workshops and other ichno-sessions of sedimentologic
congresses, these photographs of ichnofabrics reminded
me of exciting meetings. "Ichnology" represents a good
supplementary text to Gerard and Bromley (2008) atlastype book that is so instructive for naming bioturbation
structures and to decipher the depositional environment
by applying the ichnofabric concept, because "Ichnology"
provides a deep background about the paleo-ecological
interpretation and paleo-environmental significance of
trace fossils. The same is true with respect to "Applied
Ichnology" by MacEachern et al. (2009a) who addressed
similar objectives as Gerard and Bromley, but from the
perspective of the 'ichnofacies' approach, provide more
text and many interesting, well documented case studies
from oil industry. "Ichnology" captivates by its coherent,
balanced contents, not (over)emphasizing one or the other
concept in the analysis of bioturbated sediments. So the
reader has the choice what she/he prefers the ichnofacies
Finally, I would like to congratulate Luis Buatois and
Gabriela Mángano for providing such a fine book to
the members of the ichno-community. The book is also
a good advertisement for so-far non-ichnologists to use
trace fossils as an additional tool for paleo-environmental
analysis. I am very glad to have my personal copy of
"Ichnology" on my book shelf. For people interested in
ichnology, it is a "strong buy". In economically troubling
times the investment into "Ichnology" is far better than
keeping the money in a bank account.
References
17
Bromley, R.G., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, G., Genise, J.F.
and Melchor, R.N. (Eds.), 2007. Sediment-Organism
Interactions: A Multifaceted Ichnology. SEPM Special
Publication, 88, 393 p.
Fernandes, A.C.S., Borghi, L., de Souza Carvalho, I. and de
Abreu, C.J. 2002. Guia dos Ichnofósseis de Invertebrados
do Brasil. Editora Interciência, Rio de Janeiro, 260 p.
Gerard, J. and Bromley, R., 2008. Ichnofabrics in Clastic
Sediments. Jean R.F. Gerard, Madrid, 100 p.
MacEachern, J.A., Bann, K.L., Gingras, M.K. and Pemberton,
S.G. 2009a. Applied Ichnology. SEPM Short Course
Notes, 52, 380 p.
MacEachern, J.A., Gingras, M.K., Bann, K., Dafoe, L.T.
and Pemberton, S.G., 2009b. Applications of ichnology
to high-resolution genetic stratigraphic paradigms. In:
MacEachern, J.A., Bann, K., Gingras, M.K. and Pemberton,
S.G. (eds.), Applied Ichnology (Revised Edition). SEPM
Short Course Notes, 52, pp. 95-129.
McIlroy, D.E. 2004. The Application of Ichnology to
Palaeoenvironmental
and
Stratigraphic Analysis.
Geological Society Special Publication, 228, 490 p.
Miller, W., III. (Editor), 2007. Trace Fossils - Concepts,
Problems, Prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 611 p.
Savrda, C. and Bottjer, D.J. 1994. Ichnofossils and ichnofabrics Seilacher, A. 2007. Trace Fossil Analysis. Springer, Berlin,
in rhythmically bedded pelagic/hemi-pelagic carbonates:
Heidelberg, New York, 226 p.
recognition and evaluation of benthic redox and scour
cycles. In de Boer, P.L. and Smith, D.G. (eds.), Orbital
Forcing and Cyclic Sequences. International Association
www.cambridge.org/earth
of Sedimentologist Special Publication, 19: Blackwell,
Oxford, pp. 195-210.
Ichnology
Ichnology
Organism-Substrate
Interactions in Space and Time
Organism-Substrate Interactions in Space and Time
Now
Now
Available
Available
By Luis Buatois and M. Gabriela Mángano
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
By Luis Buatois and M. Gabriela Mángano
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
About the Book
Ichnology is the study of traces created in the substrate by living organisms. This is the first book to systematically
cover basic concepts and applications in both paleobiology and sedimentology, bridging the gap between the two
About
the Book
main facets of the field. It emphasizes the importance of understanding ecologic controls on benthic fauna distribution
Ichnology
is the
of traces
createdininchanging
the substrate
by living organisms.
This isofthe
book of
to asystematically
and the
role study
of burrowing
organisms
their environments.
A detailed analysis
thefirst
ichnology
range
cover basic
concepts
and
applications
in
both
paleobiology
and
sedimentology,
bridging
the
gap
between
of depositional environments is presented using examples from the Precambrian to the recent, and the use of trace the two
main facets
the field.
It emphasizes
importance
of understanding
ecologic
controls
on benthic
fauna
distribution
fossils of
in facies
analysis
and sequencethe
stratigraphy
is discussed.
The potential
for biogenic
structures
to provide
valuinformation
and solve
problemsininchanging
a wide range
of environments.
fields is also highlighted.
An invaluable
resource
for researchand theable
role
of burrowing
organisms
their
A detailed
analysis of
the ichnology
of a range
ers
and
graduate
students
in
paleontology,
sedimentology
and
sequence
stratigraphy,
this
book
will
also
be
of
interest
of depositional environments is presented using examples from the Precambrian to the recent, and the use of trace
professionals
in petroleum
geoscience.
fossilstoinindustry
facies analysis
andworking
sequence
stratigraphy
is discussed. The potential for biogenic structures to provide valu-
able information and solve problems in a wide range of fields is also highlighted. An invaluable resource for researchFeatures
ers andKey
graduate
students in paleontology, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, this book will also be of interest
•
Covers
the ichnologyworking
of all depositional
environments
from Precambrian to recent, giving readers a comprehensive
to industry professionals
in petroleum
geoscience.
picture of paleoenvironmental and evolutionary controls
• Presents a balanced treatment of the two dominant schools of thought: ichnofabric approach and ichnofacies practiallowing readers to obtain an accurate picture of their strengths and weaknesses
Key tioners,
Features
•
Combines
case studies
general models,
providing a balance
between general
synthesesgiving
and thereaders
complexities
of
• Covers the ichnology
of alland
depositional
environments
from Precambrian
to recent,
a comprehensive
specific examples
picture of paleoenvironmental and evolutionary controls
• Presents a balanced treatment of the two dominant schools of thought: ichnofabric approach and ichnofacies practi18
tioners, allowing readers to obtain an accurate picture of their strengths and weaknesses
• Combines case studies and general models, providing a balance between general syntheses and the complexities of
Contents
Part I. Conceptual Tools and Methods: 1. The basics of ichnology; 2. Taxonomy of trace fossils; 3. Paleobiology of
trace fossils; 4. The ichnofacies model; 5. The ichnofabric approach; Part II. Spatial Trends: 6. Trace fossils and paleoecology; 7. Ichnology of shallow-marine clastic environments; 8. Ichnology of marginal-marine environments;
9. Ichnology of deep-marine clastic environments; 10. Ichnology of continental environments; 11. Ichnology of
carbonate environments, rocky shorelines and volcanic terrains; Part III. A Matter of Time: 12. Trace fossils in
sequence stratigraphy; 13. Trace fossils in biostratigraphy; 14. Trace fossils in evolutionary paleoecology; 15. Trace
fossils in paleoanthropology and archeology; References; Index.
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19
A day at the beach when stormwinds abate – an ichno-photostory
By: Andreas Wetzel
1 - Shoaling storm waves
4 - but not all of them are dead, some are still alive.
2 - erode sediment and ophiures.
5 - There are different strategies to survive, crawl back
to the sea or
3 - Masses of ophiures are washed onto the shore,
6 - wait for the next tide and hide,
20
7 - but just run is certainly the wrong strategy.
10 - and started looking for prey.
8 - Here a bonus picture because the traces are so nice.
11 - Predators success is ophiures death.
9 - Hard times for ophiures begin, when a predator
landed.
12 - However, also hiding is not a superior strategy.
21
13 - A two times wrong strategy.
16 - look at the details of the regurgitated ball.
14 - The predator ate to hastily to form a stable coprolite.
17 - The next tide is coming up, waves rework the
regurgitated ball.
15 - The meal was a little too “boney” …
18 - All these actions have been initiated by waves,
now they are wiped out by waves.
22
The Ninth International Ichnofabric Workshop
August 12-18, 2007, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
By: Shahin E. Dashtgard
The 9th International Ichnofabric Workshop was held at
the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
The conference was well attended with a worldwide
representation of ichnologists. Following 3 days of talks,
the participants went on a 3-day field trip to sites in the
foothills of Alberta, and to the badlands near Drumheller.
23
The Sixth International Bioerosion Workshop
July 13—20, 2008, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
By: Richard G. Bromley
The 6th IBW was organized at the University of Utah,
Salt Lake City this summer, by Leif Tapanila and Tony
Ekdale, both experienced ichnoworkshop convenors.
There were 19 participants, including palaeontologists
and zoologists, from Germany (2), Italy (1), Portugal (1),
Japan (1), USA (7), Denmark (1), Hungary (2), Spain
(2), New Zealand (1) and the Czech Republic (1). Areas
of bioerosion research were widely covered by the oral
sessions and posters, including bioerosion by sponges,
bioerosion of Pleistocene coral reefs, dinosaur bites in
bone, predation on trilobites, bioerosion by giant tree
roots, Jurassic insect borings in wood, bioclaustration in
live echinoids, and microboring algae, fungi and bacteria.
Salt Lake City lies amid spectacular geomorphology.
An afternoon visit was made to Antelope Island in the
Great Salt Lake, where close views were had of a herd of
buffalo and several pronghorn antelopes, and the modern
brine ooid sediments and hardgrounds were studied at
the lake edge. Picnic dinners were enjoyed in Millcreek
and Cottonwood Canyons along the Wasatch Front amid
spectacular geology.
Following the meeting, a 6-day post-workshop field
trip showed us some of the greater glories of Utah plus
much delightful detail. A side trip was made into Nevada.
During the last days, the air temperature rose to 45 degrees
Celsius, but in the low humidity there were no casualties.
Ichnological highlights included the following.
At Skull Rock Pass in the central House Range, Lower
Ordovician Gastrochaenolites isp. were seen in hardground
surfaces of the Fillmore Formation. A few specimens
have been found that contain the preserved remains of
body fossils of unknown organisms. At Steamboat Pass,
southern House Range, where the Upper Cambrian Notch
Peak Limestone contains large columnar stromatolites
riddled with Thalassinoides, there are also the body fossil
remains of the supposed polyplacophore, Matthevia.
This group of molluscs are important bioeroders today,
but radulation trace fossils by Matthevia have yet to
be described. Examination of the shell surfaces of the
common archaeogastropod Matherella, cohabiting the
same bed as Matthevia, was made in vain.
The extensive hardrounds in the Middle Jurassic Carmel
Formation at Gunlock State Park NW of St. George,
yielded not only nice Gastrochaenolites as expected,
but also well preserved acrothoracic barnacle borings,
Rogerella isp.
Near Hiko, Nevada, we took in two localities exposing
rocks affected by the Late Devonian Alamo Impact Event.
In this dramatic setting, Leif showed us the famous sponge
boring, Entobia devonica. The earliest good representative
of sponge bioerosion, it is strangely far removed from
the chronologically next borings of this type, which are
Cretaceous in age! It seems we still have some work to
do! But it was great to see this very first of entobians “on
the rocks”, very common in stromatoporoid substrate, and
at two nearby localities, too.
Another highlight was the Dinosaur Discovery Site at
Johnson Farm, St. George, Utah. Discovered in 2000, this
is being preserved as a city facility for public access. A
roof has been constructed over a large area of trackways,
including the trace of a seated dinosaur, and exceptional
specimens of tracks and skeletons, found locally, are being
assembled on display, age Early Jurassic. Many other
sedimentary features are present, including invertebrate
trace fossils, raindrop impressions, ripple marks, mud
cracks, etc. Jerry Harris gave us an excellent tour over the
collection.
The final day was devoted to the two most stupendous
of Utah’s national parks, Zion and Bryce Canyon. Rain
followed by sunshine enhanced the colours; an amazing
climax following this excellent workshop.
24
The Tenth International Ichnofabric Workshop
August 23 to September 3, 2009, Jiaozuo City, China
By: Andreas Wetzel
The Tenth International Ichnofabric Workshop in China
was a great experience in many different ways. It was
perfectly arranged with respect to everything: the
scientific program, field trips and logistics. This workshop
was organized by the well-known group of Chinese
ichnologists led by Prof. Bin Hu, Yi-Ming Gong, YongAn Qi, and Guo-Cheng Zhang. They did an excellent job.
About 15 foreign and 20 Chinese ichnologists came to
the workshop (Fig. 1). We had three days of interesting
and very well prepared talks supplemented by two intracongress field trips, for example, to see fascinating
Permian Zoophycos (Fig. 2). The talks covered a wide
range of environments, from continental, glaci-lacustrine,
shallow-marine deposits to deep-marine siliciclastics and
carbonates, and a wide time span, from neoichnologic
observations to Cambrian and even Precambrian rocks.
Besides the “regular” participants, numerous Chinese
graduate students showed up in the lecture hall. They
listened attentively and kept the discussions lively. During
coffee breaks we had the opportunity to discuss the poster
contributions and material from the ichnologic collection
of the institute’s museum. After the congress, two field
trips took place: Trip #1 for 5 days and Trip #2 for 4 days.
Field trip #1 was from Jiaozuo to Xi’an and was attended
by all the workshop ichnologists. We saw excellent
outcrops and exciting trace fossils and ichnofabrics, for
example, diagenesis of Cambrian limestones permeated
by burrows (Fig. 3), as well as breath-taking historical
and natural monuments (Fig. 4), such as the legendary
terra cotta army and the museum of dinosaur nests. Field
trip #2 was attended by only 3 foreign ichnologists: Tony
Ekdale, Alfred Uchman and me. That trip was led by
Guo-Cheng Zhang and two of his students in the area of
Chengdu. Superb outcrops, amazing ichnology and deep
discussions made it a really exciting tour (Figs. 5, 6).
Fig. 1 IIW X group photo.
Fig. 2 Permian Zoophycos ichnofabric.
25
For most of the attendants from abroad, it was the first
time in China. So we took many deep impressions home
with us: fascinating historical and natural monuments, an
explosively growing economy, excellent outcrops, and
extremely friendly and hospitable people. Therefore, the
language barrier was not so difficult as initially supposed.
But not all the foreigners were well prepared to fill the
time while travelling from one locality to the next during
the field trips in this large country, not all of us could
sing songs typical of their country. Hu Bin and several
Chinese students serenaded us with their favourite songs
(Fig. 6), Gabriela Mángano sang some children songs
from Argentina, and Al Curran and Tony Ekdale offered
a few folk songs from America. Food in China was a
very interesting experience. However, we were lucky
that our Chinese hosts helped us to taste everything from
(voluntary) adventurous dishes to conventional Europeanstyle food. Our gracious hosts gave us an excellent
professional and personal experience in China, and I feel
sorry for all those who could not attend this very exciting
workshop.
Fig. 5 Spiral Triassic Rhizocorallium at Leshan City.
Fig. 3 Diagenesis of Cambrian limestone affected by
burrows (Longmen Grotto outcrop).
Fig. 6 Prof. Bin Hu singing a traditional Chinese song
during field trip bus drive.
Fig. 4 Statues at Longmen Grotto.
26
Workshop on Crustacean Bioturbation - Fossil and Recent
May 31 to June 4, 2010, Lepe, Spain
By: Noelia Carmona
The main objective of this Workshop was to bring together
paleontologists and biologists interested on crustacean
bioturbation. This event provided the opportunity to
interact, share our research and understand better our
different approaches to this common and important
subject.
The workshop took place in the town of Lepe, Huelva
province, southwest of Spain, between May 31st and
June 4th. This meeting was organized by Jordi M. de
Gibert, Fernando Muñiz, Eduardo Mayoral and Zain
Belaústegui. Participants from different countries (Spain,
Argentina, USA, Japan, Singapore, Austria, Slovakia,
Canada, Poland, Portugal and Germany) contributed
with 26 oral and poster presentations, covering diverse
aspects such as burrow morphology (biotaxonomic
signatures, ichnotaxonomy, etc.), burrow construction,
burrow function, evolution of burrows and burrowers,
and environmental and paleoenvironmental significance
of crustacean burrows.
In addition to the presentations, we also had the chance
to visit Miocene-Pliocene outcrops of the Guadalquivir
Basin, with marginal marine deposits, which have
excellent specimens of diverse crustacean burrows.
Additionally, we visited the Flecha de Nueva Umbría,
a 12-km-long sand barrier at the mouth of the Piedras
River in Lepe, where we observed modern fiddler crab
bioturbation.
In conclusion, the Workshop on Crustacean Bioturbation
made considerable progress in our understanding
of the relevant role of burrowing crustacean both in
recent and fossil benthic ecosystems (see the FINAL
CONCLUSIONS below).
Discussing about different crustacean burrow
morphologies.
Evening boat trip along the Rio Piedras estuary.
Enjoying typical Spanish food!
27
Final Conclusions of the Workshop n Crustacean
Burrowing
This report represents the summary of a roundtable
chaired by Al Curran as summarized by Tony Ekdale and
Jordi M. de Gibert from the contribution of the attendants
to the workshop, which was organized by Jordi M. de
Gibert, Fernando Muñiz, Eduardo Mayoral and Zain
Belaústegui.
On June 4th 2010, Al Curran chaired a roundtable under
the title “Final Wrap-up of Biology & Paleobiology of
Crustaceans & Crustacean Trace Fossils”. This roundtable
intended to put a final closure to the “Workshop on
Crustacean Bioturbation” held in Lepe, Spain and reach
some final conclusions. The chair divided the attendants
in two sub-groups, one of biologists/paleobiologists and
another one of paleontologists/geologists, which were
asked to discuss the following questions:
1) What new methods/technologies offer best
possibilities for the future?
2) Which are the best future applications of crustacean
ichnology?
3) How can we make better trace-tracemaker
correlations?
4) Where do we go from here? Which are the best new
ideas from the workshop?
Group photo.
Later both groups shared their ideas and comments. The
following text brings together the results of this discussion
as summarized by Tony Ekdale (paleontologist/geologist
subgroup) and Jordi M. de Gibert (biologist/paleobiologist
subgroup):
1. Methods/ Technologies
Paleontologist/Geologist Sub-group:
a) CT (Computed Tomography) scans are the most
exciting & useful new technique for studying both modern
traces & ancient trace fossils, but CT is an expensive
method (several thousand dollars US per specimen) that
is difficult for academic researchers to afford with meager
research budgets.
b) DOI (Digital Optical Imaging) tool is a wonderful tool
for down-hole studies in drill holes, but the instrument is
prohibitively expensive (about $150,000 US).
c) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) can be helpful
for imaging samples to simulate fluid flow through porous
rock in hydrology and petroleum engineering studies,
which have some ichnologic relevance, but the technique
is not helpful for most other ichnologic studies.
d) GPR (Ground-penetrating Radar) is not too useful in
ichnology because of its shallow penetration depth and
low image resolution.
In the sand barrier, studying modern burrowers.
28
e) Portable gamma ray spectral tool (as used at University
of Valencia) can be useful for getting geochemical data
of different parts of a burrow in outcrop, but its broader
applications in ichnology have not yet been widely
attempted.
knowledge of intra-burrow and inter-burrow porosity
studies, as well as investigating the role of burrows as
permeability conduits in water and petroleum reservoir
rocks.
f) Traditional x-ray radiography still is useful for imaging
burrows in lithologically heterogeneous sediments and
rocks, but it hasn’t been used as much by ichnologists in
recent years as it was in the 1960’s and 1970’s.
Biologist/Paleobiologist sub-group:
a) The study of crustacean burrows may be of help in the
field of conservation biology, particularly in those areas
where human activity is quickly modifying environmental
conditions.
g) Thin section petrography of burrows may have some
importance in looking at burrow linings, grain orientation,
selectivity of grain shapes or gain mineralogy, etc.
b) Burrow studies are an integral part of crustacean
zoology.
c) The study of the fossil record of crustacean burrows
should contribute in macroevolutionary studies. There is
a potential to contribute in the dating of major adaptations
and the evolution of ecosystems.
a) The methods to study modern burrows are in general
well established. We need to obtain more burrow casts
as there are many species whose burrow morphology is
not known yet. This should provide a wider scope of the
diversity of burrow architectures.
3. Identification of Trace-Makers
b) It is particularly important to study burrows in deeper
settings as most casts have been obtained in intertidal or
shallow subtidal environments. We know almost nothing
about modern deep-sea crustacean burrows. Box-coring
could help in that purpose.
a) Neoichnology is important! It is crucial to be able to
link descriptive information of modern burrowers and
their burrow architectures with trace fossils that exhibit
similar (if not identical) geometric forms and morphologic
attributes. Thus, cooperation and communication between
biologists and paleontologists are really valuable, and
paleontologists have a lot to learn from ichnologic studies
in the modern realm.
c) It is necessary to examine also the sediment surrounding
the open burrows in order to fully understand the activity
of the burrowers.
b) The “how” of trace fossil production is important! In
the trace fossil record, there are many ichnogenera for
which there are no obvious modern analogues, so paleoichnologists have to begin by asking different questions
than biologists may ask. For example, it is most useful
to first ask what are the (a) anatomical characteristics
(appendages, body shape, etc.) and (b) behavioral skills
(mobility, grasping ability, etc.) that are required to create
a particular trace fossil. By answering those questions
first (without jumping to conclusions based on modern
analogues), the identity or possible affinity of the
trace-maker can be facilitated. Again, cooperation and
communication between biologists and paleontologists
are really valuable, and biologists have a lot to learn from
ichnologic approaches that are applied in the ancient
record.
c) The behavior of burrowing crustaceans needs to be
further analyzed in the lab in order to learn more about
digging techniques, feeding behavior, etc.
d) Serial sectioning of crustacean trace fossils is a
promising technique if we want to reconstruct 3-D
configuration of fossil burrow systems.
2. Applications in Broader Fields Outside Ichnology
a) Paleoclimate research can be aided by studying the trace
fossil assemblages that reflect latitudinal distributions
of burrowing organisms (e.g., crustacean trace fossils
are most abundant and diverse in the tropics) as well as
recognizing trace fossil marker units in paleoclimatic
cycles (e.g., repetitive changes in ichnofabrics in
Milankovich obliquity cycles that reflect climatic
oscillations).
b) Sequence stratigraphic interpretations depend in large
part on ichnofabric and ichnofacies that indicate sequence
boundaries, parasequences, maximum flooding surfaces,
etc.
a) Improving our knowledge of modern burrow
morphology is important to try to correlate those with
fossil counterparts.
c) Reservoir characterization in both hydrology and
petroleum geology can be benefited greatly from
b) A greater effort is needed in order to describe the
complete configuration of burrow systems either by
digging or serial sectioning or by using non-destructive
geophysical methods.
29
c) Increasing attention should be paid into burrow wall
micromorphology which has revealed as a very important
tool in other fields of ichnology (i.e. insect ichnology).
4. Best new ideas from this Workshop, which
paleontologists can benefit from the work of biologists
a) Decapods are not the only crustaceans that produce
burrows that may be preserved in the fossil record. Other
taxa have to be taken into consideration.
a) “Ecologic time” is an important perspective. Speed of
organism activity, rate of sediment processing, sequence
of animal activity in the same sediment, numbers of
individual animals occupying a burrowing population
at any given time, etc., are all aspects that need to be
understood in real time. Paleontologists deal with timeaveraged situations in virtually all cases, so it is crucial for
paleontologists to have the perspective of what amounts
of absolute time are involved in the production of burrows
and bioturbated sedimentary sequences.
b) Ichnologists need to communicate with biologists and
explain them what kind of information can be obtained
from modern burrows and burrowers which may be useful
to better understand the fossil record.
c) The study of the fossil record of crustacean burrows
has a type of information that cannot be obtained from the
study of modern burrows, that is “deep time”. The history
of crustacean burrowers is long and the only way to get
new information is to study the fossil record.
b) Geochemical raw data from modern sediment in which
burrowers are active is useful to know, but it is important
to recognize the transitory nature of the geochemistry in
sediments (e.g., diurnal and seasonal variations) as well
as the patchy nature of the geochemistry in sediments
(e.g., variations over very small distances spatially and
vertically) at any given time. Thus, it is somewhat tenuous
to regard particular trace fossils as geochemical indicators
in the fossil record or (vice-versa) to make ichnologic
interpretations based mainly (or especially solely) on
geochemical studies of burrowed rocks.
d) It is good for ichnology students to be trained both in
neo- and paleoichnology. Looking at both sides of the
problem should be of great benefit for them and for the
progress of our science.
c) Facies distributions of sedimentary structures made
by burrowing organisms in modern settings are crucial
for refining paleoenvironmental interpretations in the
geologic record.
d) Bioturbation and bioerosion structures in a broad array
of modern environments (terrestrial and marine) that may
have a very poor preservation potential in the geologic
record, such as upland forest floors, rocky shorelines, wood
substrates, etc., give paleontologists a wider perspective
of what ancient life (and life habits) may have been like.
This type of knowledge enables paleoecologists to make
more informed and more sophisticated interpretations of
ancient ecosystems.
30
The Latin American Symposium on Ichnology 2010 (SLIC 2010)
October 30 to November 7, 2010, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil
By: Noelia Carmona and Renata Netto
Organizing Committee
President: Renata G. Netto.
Vice-president: Ricardo N. Melchor.
Secretaries/Treasurers: Noelia Carmona and Francisco
Tognoli.
Scientific Committee: M. Gabriela Mángano, Luis A.
Buatois and Jorge Genise.
The Latin American Symposium on Ichnology 2010 (SLIC
2010) replaced the Argentinean Meeting of Ichnology,
and the Ichnologic Meeting of the MERCOSUR, both of
which are organized every three years since 1993. SLIC
2010 was held from October 30 to November 7 in Sao
Leopoldo, south of Brazil.
field-trip, participants visited Devonian shallow-marine
deposits (Furnas and Ponta Grossa Fms.), and PermoCarboniferous glacial and marine deposits (Mafra and Rio
do Sul Fms.) of the Paraná Basin. The post-symposium
field trip was focused in Mesozoic-Cenozoic non-marine
trace fossils from the Paraná Basin, and Proterozoic
deposits with microbially induced sedimentary structures
(MISS) from the Camaquã Basin.
Two minicourses were also offered to the SLIC participants,
one focused on Continental Ichnology (organized by the
Ichnology Group from MACN/CONICET, Argentina),
and the other focused on Bioerosion, organized by Dr.
Silvio Casadío (Universidad Nacional de Río Negro/
CONICET, Argentina).
Eighty ichnologists attended the conference (most of them
students and scientists, although there were also people
from the petroleum industry, see Fig. 1), representing 21
institutions from South America, 1 from Central America,
3 from North America, 3 from Europe, and 1 from Asia
(Fig. 2).
Two field trips were offered to the participants to examine
shallow-marine, marginal-marine and continental
deposits bearing trace fossils. During the pre-symposium
Program Summary:
November 02
Conference: Exploring the potential of Ichnology in
unravelling taphonomy and ecology of Burgess Shaletype deposits. Dr. María Gabriela Mángano
November 03
Conference: From “quantum” ichnology to “ichnosphere”
evolution: looking into the paleobiological significance
of trace fossils. Dr. Jordi María de Gibert
Bioerosion Structures and other Marine Invertebrate
Trace Fossils
Vertebrate Trace Fossils: Footprints, Burrows and
Coprolites
Round Table: New Frontiers in Ichnology
November 04
Conference: Paleoecological ichnology: Bringing trace
fossil producers to life. Dr. Masakazu Nara,
Arthropod Trace Fossils in Aquatic Environments,
Paleosols and Plants
Conference: Perspectives on continental freshwater
ichnology. Dr. Ricardo Melchor
November 05
Conference: Ichnology of Quaternary tropical carbonates
with emphasis on ichnogenic porosity and permeability.
Dr. H. Allen Curran
Workshop: Applications of Ichnology to Stratigraphy
Conference: Perspectives on the applications of ichnology
in facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy: Gaps, grey
zones and opportunities. Dr. Luis A. Buatois
Poster Session
Figure 1 – Distribution of the SLIC 2010 participants.
Figure 2 – Countries represented in the SLIC 2010.
31
Opening ceremony of SLIC 2010.
Poster Sessions.
Technical Sessions.
Workshop on applied ichnology.
32
Field Trips.
Group Photo.
33
The Eleventh International Ichnofabric Workshop
June 30 to July 5, 2011, Colunga, Spain
By: Luis Buatois
Let us start this report with a simple question: what are the
requirements that a scientific meeting, such as a workshop
with a strong field component, needs to fulfill in order to
be successful? First, it has to be well organized, and the
selection of the locale plays in this case a significant role.
Second, the scientific level should be reasonably high
(that includes not only the quality of talks and posters
presentations, but also the quality of the outcrops, planning
and leadership of fieldtrips). Third, we have the social
aspects, including the overall setting of the meeting, the
evening activities, and the general human environment.
Because neither of us works for a marketing agency, we
have not conducted any systematic opinion pool among
the participants, but our perception based on individual
talks with colleagues is that everyone who attended the
XI International Ichnofabric Workshop would agree that
the meeting excelled in these three previously outlined
aspects. The Asturias meeting was really GREAT and the
three organizers, José Carlos García Ramos, Laura Piñuela
and Francisco Rodríguez Tovar, did an amazing job in
setting up a highly successful, memorable workshop.
The workshop was held in the town of Colunga, on the
Asturias coast, with the scientific sessions taking place
at the Museum of the Jurassic of Asturias (MUJA). The
MUJA, which came to reality thanks to José Carlos’
continuous efforts for more than a decade, is an ideal
venue for scientific meetings. The participants were able to
attend the sessions, but also to visit the museum and spend
time looking at the marvellous trace-fossil collections.
Together with the customery conference proceedings
(this time including extended abstracts) and fieldtrip
guides, additional material was presented, including two
beautifully illustrated volumes: an atlas of the Jurassic of
Asturias and an atlas of the modern invertebrate faunas
of the Cantabrian Sea. After an icebreaker party at the
museum on the evening of Thursday June 30th (where the
participants had their first contact with Asturian cuisine, a
real treat!), the first day of sessions took place during the
whole Friday July 1st, including the first set of talks and
posters.
trace fossils. This was an excellent opportunity to discuss
about a number of ichnologic and sedimentologic topics,
from tiering structure to the envisaged depositional
mechanism. Later in the afternoon, we visited preRomanesque monuments, near the city of Oviedo and the
town of Valdedios. One of these sites, the Santa Maria
del Naranco monument, was declared a World Heritage
Monument by UNESCO in 1985. (Woody Allen’s statue is
also in Oviedo, but it is more recent and was not included
in the tour.) In the evening, we visited the cider factory El
Gaitero (“famosa en el mundo entero”).
The second day of scientific sessions took place on Sunday
during the morning, again including both posters and
talks. Overall, the two days of scientific sessions covered
a wide variety of topics, including the role of bioturbation
in permeability, crustacean burrows, new techniques
in neoichnology, the interactions of bioturbation and
diagenesis, bioturbation through time, and applications in
archaeology, to name just a few. In the afternoon we had
the opportunity to explore and admire the Tito Bustillo
Cave, another UNESCO World Heritage Monument
since 2008. This karstic cave developed in Carboniferous
limestone offers outstanding views of paintings of
Magdalenian (Paleolithic) age.
The post-conference field trip took place during July
4–5th. The first day we visited Lower Jurassic outcrops
of marl-limestone rhythmites along Vega Beach in the
morning. This was an astounding opportunity to examine
ichnofabrics from a depositional setting which is commonly
overlooked in textbooks. The Chondrites-Phymatoderma
ichnofabrics were particularly outstanding. We spent the
afternoon looking at the Villar sea cliffs near the town
of Villaviciosa, looking at Lower Jurassic hardgrounds
and nodular limestones; what a great opportunity to learn
about bioerosion!
The intra-congress field trip took place on Saturday, when
we visited Middle Devonian shallow-marine deposits of
the Naranco Formation along coastal cliffs of El Tranqueru
section. The outcrops are spectacular, and we all gathered
around extensive bedding planes densely covered with
34
On Tuesday, we visited El Puntal cliffs, also near
Villaviciosa, this time to look at spectacular specimens of
Rhizocorallium in Lower to Middle Jurassic limestones.
One of these discontinuity surfaces contains some of
the most amazing firmground ichnofabrics that we have
ever seen—two years before the meeting we visited this
outcrop with Laura and José Carlos, and took a photo that
we included in our Ichnology book to illustrate this topic.
In the afternoon, we went to La Griega beach to look at
Upper Jurassic continental to marginal-marine deposits
containing both invertebrate and vertebrate trace fossils.
Deciphering the sauropod trackways guided by Laura’s
expertise was a real treat.
The social atmosphere of the meeting was exceptional; we
were really spoiled by our hosts who cared about every little
detail during the event. Evening dinners with exquisite
Asturian food and panoramic views of the Cantabrian sea,
are among the best memories. The ichnofabric workshops
continue to rank among the best venues for sharing
experiences and exchange ideas for the simple love of
doing research in a topic that we all enjoy, far away from
the “show business” mindset that unfortunately dominates
so many large scientific conferences nowadays. The
workshop was very well attended (probably the largest
since the beginning of these meetings in 1991), with 57
participants from 20 countries (Argentina, Austria, Brazil,
Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy,
Japan, Latvia, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and
United States). Interestingly, approximately 50 % of
the participants were new to the ichnofabric workshops,
showing that interest in ichnology is growing and the
location and fieldtrips were attractive and appropriate for
the venue. José Carlos, Laura and Francisco should be
congratulated for having organized such a wonderful, and
unforgettable (for good reasons!) meeting!
Group photo at Tranqueru Beach.
Group photo at the Jurassic Museum.
35
Current Research
Małgorzata Bednarz
Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
3D reconstruction of ichnofabrics in fine-grained
sediments: assessment of the morphological diversity
of phycosiphoniform burrows. Link to download
pdf file (Figure 1 in the manuscript, 7.18 MB):
Phycosiphoniforms3D_IN.pdf: http://www.ichnology.ca/
index.php/download-zone/file/32-ph3d
Patrick Getty (University of Connecticut) and I will be
co-convening a session on ichnology for the upcoming
2012 GSA Northeastern Section Meeting in Hartford, CT
(March 18-20). We intend to focus on new trace fossil
research in New England, the cradle of ichnology. We
intend to offer a one-day field trip to Mesozoic trace fossil
localities nearby.
Luis A. Buatois
Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatchewan, Canada
Jacob Benner
Dept. of Geology, Tufts University, Massachusetts, USA
Richard Knecht, Michael Engel (University of Kansas)
and I recently finished up work on a full body impression
of a Carboniferous flying insect that was published in
the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(PNAS) v. 108 no. 16, 6515-6519. We are continuing,
albeit slowly, to work through the diverse assemblage
of vertebrate and invertebrate trace fossils discovered by
Richard at this same site in southeastern Massachusetts.
Glacial varve ichnology is still an interest as well (with
Tufts colleague Jack Ridge) and I recently worked with
Renata Netto (Unisinos) and others to review the subject
for Elsevier in an upcoming book chapter edited by Dirk
Knaust and Richard Bromley: Netto, R.G., Benner, J.S.,
Buatois, L.A., Uchman, A., Mángano, M.G., Ridge, J.C.,
Kazakauskas, V. and Gaigalas, A. in review. Ichnology of
Glacial Environments (working title), in Trace Fossils as
Indicators of Sedimentary Environments (working title),
Elsevier.
Ilya Buynevich (Temple University) and I co-convened
a session on ichnology for the joint GSA Northeastern/
Southeastern section meeting in March 2010 in Baltimore,
MD, sponsored by the eastern section of the SEPM entitled
Eastern Ichnology: Advances in Paleoenvironmental
Applications of Trace Fossils. This very successful
session had both oral and poster presentations and focused
on trace fossil research performed in the eastern United
States.
Ilya Buynevich (Temple University), Stephen Hasiotis
(University of Kansas) and I co-convened a session on
ichnology, Life’s Footprint: New Frontiers in Field and
Experimental Trace Fossil Research, in March 2011 for
the GSA Northeastern and North-Central Section Meeting
in Pittsburgh, PA. This session was well attended and had
an excellent slate of presentations that focused on new
and alternative techniques in trace fossil analysis.
Since my arrival to the University of Saskatchewan
(Canada), I have been involved in a number of ichnologic
projects. Part of my recent work was focused on a general
book on Ichnology that Gabriela and myself have just
published with Cambridge University Press. In addition
to older projects, I am interested on the ichnology of the
Precambrian-Cambrian transition. This project involves
the construction of a large database and field work in a
number of places, including northwest Argentina, western
Canada, northern Spain (with Sören Jensen), South Africa
and Namibia (with John Almond). A paper documenting
a shallow-marine occurrence of the ichnogenus Oldhamia
and associated ichnotaxa in the Puncoviscana Formation
of Argentina is in press in Journal of Paleontology. A more
general paper dealing with paleoegeographical patterns in
Cambrian trace fossils (together with Sören and Gabriela)
is at present under review. I am also interested in the
existence of recurrent patterns related to the exploitation
of underutilized ecospace (what Gabriela and myself have
called “the Déjà vu effect”). A paper on this topic will
be published in the last issue of Geology this year, and
a general review on the interactions between organisms
and matgrounds will be included as a chapter of an SEPM
book on microbial mats (edited by N. Noffke and H.
Chafetz).
I am also working on a number of projects that involved
applications of ichnology in facies analysis and sequence
stratigraphy. A substantial part of this research involves
the study of deltaic deposits, including Neogene tropical
deltas in Venezuela, Cretaceous deltas affected by
hyperpycnal flows in Argentina (with Lucas Saccavino
and Carlos Zavala) and Utah (with Simon Pattison), and
Jurassic deltas showing a mixed participation of river
processes, waves and tides in the northern Australian
shelf (with Fiona Burns and Bruce Ainsworth). Some of
the results of this research will be published in the journal
Sedimentology and AAPG Studies in Geology.
36
Some of these projects include graduate students and
postdoctoral fellows. Nic Minter had a productive year
as a postdoc working on nonmarine ichnofacies and the
process of terrestrialization. Patricio Desjardins (now with
Shell, Houston) finished his PhD on the sedimentology,
ichnology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower
Cambrian Gog Group in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.
A couple of papers have been published already (Lethaia,
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology) and many more
are in press. Jenni Scott (now a postdoc at the University
of Alberta) finished her PhD on the ichnology of saline
lakes (the Kenya Rift and the Eocene Green River
Formation of western USA). Her work has been published
in a number of journals (Palaeo-3, Ichnos) and some
other papers are at present in preparation. Maria Daniela
Rangel finished her MSc on the Upper Cretaceous of the
Furrial field in Venezuela. Other graduate students have
their theses in progress. PhD candidate Solange Angulo
is studying shallow- to marginal-marine reservoirs of the
Devonian-Carboniferous Bakken Formation of subsurface
Saskatchewan. Papers based on her PhD have been
accepted in Palaeo-3 and AAPG Bulletin. Luis Quiroz is
studying Miocene deltaic deposits of the Urumaco region
in Venezuela. An innovative paper discussing tropical
occurrences of Macaronichnus was published last year
in Geology. Cecilia Pirrone is looking at bioeorosion in
dinosaur bones for her PhD thesis. PhD student Sudipta
Dasgupta is analyzing the ichnology and sedimentology
of Pliocene shelf-edge deltas in Trinidad. Pablo Alonso
is doing his PhD on the ichnology of Carboniferous
postglacial deposits of western Argentina. MSc student
Williams Rodriguez is doing an integrated study of the
marginal-marine Oficina Formation in the Orinoco Belt of
Venezuela. Finally, I am involved as coauthor in a number
of chapters for the book on trace fossils as indicators of
sedimentary environments edited by Dirk Knaust and
Richard Bromley.
Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca). Also, I have started some
analysis on modern microbial mats from the Bahia Blanca
estuary (Buenos Aires province), and also from the Rio
Negro Formation (Miocene-Pliocene), in collaboration
with Diana Cuadrado (IADO), Constanza Bournod (PhD
student, Universidad Nacional del Sur), Juan José Ponce
and Andreas Wetzel. Studies on the modern tidal flats
of the Bahia Blanca estuary focus on the bioturbation
patterns associated to the microbial mats, and also, on
the preservation potential of different vertebrate tracks
observed in these flats (e.g. Cuadrado et al., 2011 –
Sedimentary Geology; Carmona et al., in press – SEPM
Special Publication on Microbial Mats).
Also, I collaborated with Renata Netto and Francisco
Tognoli in the organization of the SLIC 2010 held in
Brazil last year. This was a great meeting, where we had
the opportunity to discuss and interchange new ideas on
different aspects of ichnology (see report of this meeting).
Finally, I am very glad to co-edit the Ichnology Newsletter
with Shahin!
Shahin E. Dashtgard
Dpt. of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British
Columbia, Canada
For the past 5 years, I have been building my research
group at SFU. It’s been an enjoyable experience!
Highlights include working with James MacEachern
to establish the Applied Research in Ichnology and
Sedimentology (ARISE) Group, training 8 graduate
students, and having the opportunity to teach classes
in Petroleum Geology, Paleontology, Sedimentary
Petrology, Ichnology, and Scientific Writing. I’m actively
working to build upon and expand the ARISE group with
the addition of international and national collaborators,
and to advance my neoichnological and sedimentological
research as analogs to the rock record.
Highlights of my career over the past 5 years:
Noelia Carmona
Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología Universidad Nacional de Río Negro - General Roca, Río
Negro, Argentina
-Started at SFU in January 2007.
Last year I moved to Río Negro province, where I am
teaching General Biology at University and doing
research at the Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología
y Geología.
I am currently working on different ichnologic projects,
primarily dealing with shallow-marine ichnofaunas
through the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, in Patagonia and
in the Neuquén Basin in collaboration with Juan José
Ponce and the PhD student Nerina Canale (Universidad
37
-Co-founder (with James MacEachern) of the Applied
Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology (ARISE)
Group at SFU (www.sfu.ca/ARISE)
- Actively advancing the fields of Process Ichnology,
and developing the facies model for Tidal Shorefaces
-Graduated 2 MSc students. Presently supervising or
co-supervising 3 MSc and 3 PhD students
- Associate Editor for the Journal of Sedimentary
Research and Ichnos. Co-Editor of the Ichnology
Newsletter
-2012 recipient of the James Lee Wilson Medal
(awarded by the SEPM (Society for Sediment
Geology) for “Excellence in sedimentary geology by
a young scientist”
Dirk Knaust
Statoil ASA
Trace fossils as indicators of sedimentary environments
(Elsevier, 2012):
Together with Richard G. Bromley I am currently
working on a comprehensive volume about “Trace
fossils as indicators of sedimentary environments” to be
published in Elsevier’s book series “Developments in
Sedimentology”. The book is planned for publication in
2012 and will consist of about 30 chapters and ca 700
pages written by more than 80 internationally recognised
authors from different schools. In addition to history,
concepts and methods, it is covering all major depositional
environments from glacial to deep sea, as well as aspects
of characterisation of hydrocarbon reservoir and aquifers
by means of trace fossils.
Beside that, I have been working on several aspects of
ichnology, including the following ones:
Reservoir characterisation based on slabbed cores of
deep-sea sediments and carbonate deposits
Hydrocarbon reservoirs in deep-sea deposits are poorly
understood by means of ichnology. This is because most
analogue studies deal with trace fossils on beddingplanes, whereas information about ichnofabrics in
vertical core sections is almost absent (Knaust, 2009b).
A comprehensive field study dealing with ichnological
aspects of confined turbidites serves as an outcrop example
for the interpretation and calibration of subsurface (well
core) data.
Similarly, reservoirs in carbonates are inadequately
addressed in terms of ichnology compared with their
siliciclastic counterparts. Based on material from the
Permian-Triassic Khuff Formation in the Middle East, it
can be demonstrated how to utilise ichnological methods
in reservoir zonation, facies reconstruction and the impact
of bioturbation on reservoir quality (Knaust, 2009c).
38
The end-Permian mass extinction and its aftermath on an
equatorial carbonate platform
A semi-quantitative analysis of the endobenthic activity
across the Permian-Triassic boundary was carried out on
a ca. 445 m thick well core interval in the Middle East by
logging the degree of bioturbation, trace fossil distribution
and ichnodiversity (Knaust, 2010a). This data enables for
the first time the evaluation of recovery of endobenthic
organisms after the end-Permian mass extinction by direct
comparison of post-extinction (Lower Triassic) with preextinction (Upper Permian) units.
Benthic organisms and their traces preserved from a
Middle Triassic mud flat
A new Fossil-Lagerstätte is reported from the Middle
Triassic (Muschelkalk) of Germany, preserving
Foraminifera, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Nemertea,
Annelida and a range of Arthropoda together with their
traces (Knaust, 2010c). The rare preservation of the
benthic associations together with their traces is unique;
especially the abundant occurrence of different phyla as
meiofauna provides an insight into the palaeoecological
conditions of a 240 Ma old muddy tidal flat (Knaust,
2007a). The preservation of benthic animals at the
termination of their traces offers the exclusive opportunity
to assign producers to the trace fossils.
Balanoglossites and related trace fossils from the
Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of Germany
The review of the ichnofauna in the German Muschelkalk
(Knaust, 2007b) has been extended by treating with
certain ichnotaxa. A re-description of the ichnogenus
Balanoglossites Mägdefrau, 1932 from its type area
shows that it is part of a complex trace fossil comprising
both burrow and boring components (Knaust, 2008).
The ichnofamily Coprulidae has been established for
associated faecal pellets with a rounded shape and a
homogeneous texture (such as Coprulus oblongus). Based
on the numerous fingerprints preserved in the complex
trace fossil, polychaete worms are identified as possible
tracemakers.
Zoophycos from the Middle Permian of Oman and other
findings in the Middle East
Polychaetes are interpreted as the likely producers of a
complex (compound) trace fossil that comprises two
integrated elements (Knaust, 2009a): (i) irregular galleries
with straight to gently curved tunnels and interconnected
shafts, and (ii) simple planar to complex spreiten structures
with a marginal tube (Zoophycos). Further findings in the
Middle East include the study of Pleistocene ichnofabrics
Ludvig Löwemark
in alluvial and beach deposits (Fig. 1), a miniature
Thalassinoides ichnofabric in the Later Permian (Knaust,
2010b), as well as neoichnological observations.
Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University,
Stockholm, Sweden
Neoichnology of mammal burrows in snow and caddisfly
bioerosion in freshwater streamlets
During my fieldwork in mountain areas after the winter
season I became impressed by the activity of the Blind
Mole and the Norway Lemning which both create
extensive burrow systems along the snow-soil interface.
Once the snow melts, the partly grass-stuffed burrow
elements become visible and reveal a fascinating
architecture otherwise greatly unknown from the subsurface.
Likewise, bioerosion in freshwater environments is poorly
studied and I am not aware of any trace fossil from there.
Again during field work I was surprised to find plenty of
etching traces on limestone surfaces within an ephemeral
mountain streamlet. The roughly circular features with an
irregular outline were potentially produced by caddisflies
(Fig. 2), although detailed descriptions of such bioeroding
activity are beyond my knowledge and information about
it would be much appreciated!
I primarily work with late Quaternary sediments from
the Arctic Ocean. Trace fossils obtained in piston and
gravity cores during icebreaker expeditions contain a
sparse ichnofauna but some interesting observation could
be made on Zoophycos, Nereites, and a few other trace
fossils. I also continue to study SE Asian occurrences of
Schaubcylindrichnus.
James A. MacEachern
Dpt. of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British
Columbia, Canada
Figure 1 - Bedding plane expression of Holocene beach sand
(intertidal) with bioturbation and incipient cementation (beach
rock), Abu Dhabi. Image with is approximately 10 cm.
The ARISE (Applied Research in Ichnology and
Sedimentology) Group at Simon Fraser University (www.
sfu.ca/ARISE) is the outgrowth of the research focus of
Dr. Shahin Dashtgard and Dr. James MacEachern. The
ARISE research group comprises a closely knit cadre
of 8 excellent young scientists who profit from the
ready availability of supervisory support, as well as the
distinct, but complementary, approaches of Dashtgard
and MacEachern to sedimentology, genetic stratigraphy,
subsurface analysis, and ichnology. Students play an
integral role in all areas of research. Research is divided
evenly between modern animal-sediment studies that
link neoichnology and process sedimentology for the
purpose of evaluating animal-sediment responses, and
more traditional facies-based applied ichnologicalsedimentological-stratigraphic analyses of ancient
successions.
Figure 2 - Modern bioerosion on limestone exposed in a
desiccated mountain river bed, probably produced by algaefeeding caddis flies. Pre-Alps, SE-France. Image height is
approximately 11 cm.
Dr. Shahin Dashtgard spearheads the modern depositional
environment research, focused on deltaic, shoreface and
estuarine complexes along the west coast of British
Columbia. Much of the research deals with the Fraser
River Delta, a mixed river-tide dominated delta setting.
Students are conducting studies on the character of
IHS development in deltaic distributaries, and details
of prodeltaic and delta-front deposition. These modern
environmental studies are applied to several reservoir
intervals, most notably the McMurray Formation oil
sands deposits.
39
Dr. James MacEachern focuses his research on ancient
successions, both in the subsurface and in outcrop. Ongoing
studies are addressing mixed-influence delta deposits.
He and his graduate students are evaluating mixed riverwave asymmetric delta deposits of the basal Belly River
Formation, low-accommodation mixed influenced deltas
of the Viking Formation, and the mixed river-wave-tide
deltaic complexes of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation.
Ichnological applications to sequence stratigraphy
remain an integral part of all research projects, with the
aim of differentiating autogenic surfaces from allogenic
discontinuities.
Dr. M. Gabriela Mangano
The second project deals with the ichnology of the Sirius
Passet of Greenland and is in cooperation with Richard
Bromley (Natural History Museum of Denmark), and a
team of specialists coordinated by David Harper. For the
last 10 years, I have also focused a lot of attention on
the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary, in order to develop
a better understanding of Ediacaran ichnofaunas and
their palaecological context in order to compare/contrast
them to Cambrian ichnofaunas. Luis and I have been
constructing a large database that we are using to analyze
changes across the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary. This
is a long-term project that highlights how trace fossils
can provide crucial information to illuminate questions
at macroevolutionary level. I am also looking at the
ichnology of shallow-marine younger rocks, including
the Ordovician of northwest Argentina (with Beatriz
Waisfeld and coworkers) and the Eocene of Patagonia,
southern Argentina (with Eduardo Olivero and Mariza
Lopez C.)
Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatchewan, Canada
I am currently working on a variety of projects, quite
diverse at first sight, but all them providing me different
perspectives and expanding my understanding of trace
fossils through geologic time and across different
environmental settings. In the last few years, I have
been particularly interested on the paleoecologic and
evolutionary significance of ichnofaunas associated
with Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas. Body fossils
have traditionally captured most of the interest of
paleontologists focusing on systematics and phylogenetic
affinities, as well as on their unique taphonomy. The
absence of burrowing due to anoxic conditions has been
proposed to explain the exceptional preservation of soft
tissues, but very little attention has been devoted to
investigate the actual absence of biogenic structures. My
ongoing research demonstrates that trace fossils are locally
quite abundant in these deposits, but very tiny and mostly
restricted to the sediment-water interface. In short, an
intricate interplay of oxygen fluctuations and taphonomic
processes played a major role. At present, I am involved in
two projects dealing with this topic. One of these projects
is in cooperation with Jean-Bernard Caron (Royal Ontario
Museum) and Bob Gaines (Pomona College), and focuses
on the biogenic structures from the Middle Cambrian
Burgess Shale and Stephen Formation of western Canada.
As a result of this project, one paper was published last
year documenting a new fossil site (Caron et al., 2010,
Geology). A more detailed analysis of the Stanley Galcier
ichnofauna is now in press (Mángano, Palaeontographica
Canadiana, Special Issue on the Cambrian Explosion).
Also, a manuscript documenting the first arthropod
trackways in the Burgess Shale together with Nic Minter
(who spent a very productive year with Luis and myself as
postdoc) has been accepted for publication (Minter et al.,
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences).
40
In the last five years, my research has also been enriched
by the lively interaction with my PhD, MSc students,
and former students. Veronica Krapovickas finished
her PhD at the University of Buenos Aires, focused on
the integration of invertebrate and vertebrate ichnology
datasets in order to refine ichnofacies models. A paper on
the ichnology of Neogene anastomosed fluvial deposits
from western Argentina was published (Krapovickas et
al., 2010; Palaeo-3), and a number of manuscripts are
in preparation. A series of papers have been published
or accepted for publication summarizing the results of
Patricio Desjardins PhD thesis on the Gog Group (see Luis
Buatois current activities). Richard Hofmann finished his
Diplomat thesis at the University of Freiburg; his research
topic was the ichnology of the Middle Cambrian Hanneh
Member of the Burj Formation of Jordan. One paper is
in the processes of being submitted, and a second ms. is
close to completion. Terri Graham finished her MSc at the
University of Saskatchewan (co-supervised by Elizabeth
Nesbitt, University of Seattle), working on the ichnology
of the Lower Cambrian Addy Quartzite of NW United
States. A manuscript summarizing her findings is in
preparation. PhD student Nadine Pearson is working on
the ichnology of Paleogene marginal-marine deposits of
Patagonia, southern Argentina; three papers highlighting
different aspects of the analyzed units are in progress.
Master student Elizabeth Schatz is focusing on the
ichnology of Holocene fjords of Baffin Island in Arctic
Canada. This is a very exciting project in collaboration
with Alec Aitken; preliminary results have been presented
in GeoHydro, 2011 and a paper is in preparation. I am
also having a lot of fun with the “Macaronichnus
project”, collaborating with Luis Quiroz (see Current
Activities Luis Buatois). I am involved in several projects
with Noelia Carmona, dealing with animal-microbial mat
interactions and Miocene ichnofaunas from the Chenque
Formation of Patagonia.
Finally, I have just published a textbook with Cambridge
University Press together with Luis (Ichnology: The role
of organism-substrate interactions in space and time).
In addition, I am working on a new book provisionally
entitled The Trace Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary
Events which will be published by Springer as part of
their Topics in Geobiology series.
Further, I carry out (statistical) analyses on trackway
parameters in order to better understand their variability
and their relationships with the locomotion capabilities
and paleoecology of the trackmakers. I am highly
interested to set up collaborations or research projects in
order to compare our data with other Late Jurassic/Early
Cretaceous material, and also to use the track data in
Dr. Duncan McIlroy
Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Research Interests
Daniel Marty
-Ichnofabrics and Reservoir Characterization.
-Organism-Sediment-Mineral interactions.
-Sedimentology & Sequence Stratigraphy of shallow to
non-marine deposits.
-Palaeobiology of the Neoproterozoic-lower Cambrian.
Hosting Ichnia 2012 (see www.ichnology.ca).
Section d’archéologie et paléontologie, Office de la
culture, Switzerland
In October 2008, I finished my PhD thesis at the University
of Fribourg (Switzerland), which is mainly focusing
on the sedimentology, taphonomy, and ichnology of
dinosaur tracks from the Transjurane highway (NW
Switzerland, Canton Jura), and in particular from the socalled Chevenez—Combe Ronde tracksite. Furthermore,
a chapter is dedicated to the neoichnology of human
footprints in microbial mats of Recent (sub-) tropical tidalflat settings. My thesis (GeoFocus, volume 21, 278 pp)
can be ordered at the Department of Geosciences of the
University of Fribourg (http://www.unifr.ch/geoscience/
geology/Publications/geofocus.html) or you may write
me to get a CD with a PDF file.
Besides my thesis, I am still leading dinosaur track
excavations along the future course of the Transjurane
highway (www.paleojura.ch), which are funded by
the Swiss federal highway authorities. So far, these
excavations resulted in the (partial) excavation of
six tracksites revealing on multiple superimposed
paleosurfaces within Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) interto supratidal biolaminites tracks of mainly saurischian
dinosaurs (sauropods and theropods). To date, more than
5000 tracks and 350 trackways have been excavated
and documented in detail (including high-resolution
laserscanning and close-range photogrammetry for most
of the tracks). The largest of the tracksites, which is
currently under excavation, has a surface of about 4500
m2 and at present it exhibits particularly long (up to
nearly 100 m) sauropod trackways.
Current Graduate Students
-Nikki Tonkin (Ph.D. Candidate)
-Malgorzata Bednarz (Ph.D. Candidate)
-Dario Harazim (Ph.D.Candidate)
-Alex Liu (Ph.D., U. Oxford, UK-cosupervisor)
-Latha Menon (Ph.D., U. Oxford, UK-cosupervisor)
-Jack Matthews (Ph.D., U. Oxford, UK- cosupervisor)
-Allison Moore (M.Sc. Candidate)
-Mary Leaman (MSc Candidate)
-Christopher Boyd (MSc Candidate starting fall 2011).
Recent Graduate students
-Dr. Chris Phillips (Ph.D.)
-Dr. Michael Garton (Ph.D.)
-Barry Mapstone (MSc.).
Current Postdoctoral Researchers
-Richard Callow (Slopes 2 and PEEP funded).
Recent Postdoctoral Researchers
-Dr. Liam Herringshaw (PRAC/NSERC funded)
-Dr. Owen Sherwood (PRAC/NSERC funded)
Radek Mikuláš
Institute of Geology, Academy of Science of the Czech
Republic, Rozvojová, Czech Republic
My current research is focusing on the huge track
database of the Transjurane excavations. Thereby, I am
especially interested in preservational (sedimentological
and taphonomical) aspects of vertebrate tracks and
their use in the exposure index (reconstruction of the
paleoenvironment) and vertebrate ichnofacies concepts.
I am working on trace fossils from the Cambrian of the
Czech Republic that represent a key of trophic relationships
within the benthic communities (e.g. direct evidence of
scavenging, or determinable paleontological objects in
coprolites/active backfill of feeding traces). I continue
with the interpretation and description of trace fossil
assemblages from the Lower Paleozoic of north-western
Russia and Siberia (with Andrei Dronov, Ervins Luksevics
41
and others). I am trying to continue with numerous other
topics (e.g., Holocene bioturbation in floodplains, fossil
and modern terrestrial wood bioerosion).
Renata Guimarães Netto
attention. Lectures about the useful of palaeontology and
ichnology in environmental reconstructions have been
given at Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey. This is
related to a common project by Prof. Muhittin Görmüş,
Kubilay Uysal and me, where the aim is stratigraphical
mapping of Paleocene to Miocene trace fossil assemblages
preserved in inner shelf and shelf slope deposits.
Geology Graduation Program – PPGeo - Universidade
do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
I dedicate my attention to invertebrate ichnology, in
special to the ichnological content of the deposits of the
Paraná Basin (south of Brazil), and Cenozoic deposits
from the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain (south of
Brazil). My main interest is applied ichnology, chiefly
to paleoecology and sedimentary geology. I have been
working with Luis Buatois and Gabriela Mángano in
the Lower Permian marginal-marine and shallow marine
deposits of the Rio Bonito/Palermo Formations, using
ichnofossils and ichnofabrics to recognize stratigraphic
surfaces and to review paleoenvironmental interpretations.
We are also studying the Gondwana Permo-carboniferous
glacially-influenced sedimentary deposits generated in
distinct sedimentary basins, trying to understand how
far the deglaciation influenced the benthic invertebrate
distribution in these basins. I just finished a review with
all information referred to trace fossils from glacial and
glacially-influenced environments, together with Jacob
Benner, Luis Buatois, Alfred Uchman, Gabriela Mángano,
Vaidotas Kazakaukas and others.
Website: http://ichnology.tripod.com
Dr. Andreas Wetzel
Geologisches
Institut. Universität
Switzerland
Basel,
Basel.
As over the past years my main ichnologic interest is
focused on the ichnology of modern to Pleistocene
deposits in the South China Sea, on the one hand the
bathyal continental slope setting of central Vietnam and
on the other hand the adjacent shelf of Vietnam.
I am still working in a review of the Ediacaran biota
preserved in the Camaquã Basin (Rio Grande do Sul
State), which was formerly connected with the Nama
Basin, in SW Namibia. The study of microbially-induced
sedimentary structures (MISS) was under my focus
during the last years, in special its record in the glaciallyinfluenced deposits of the Paraná basin, as well as the
records from the Proterozoic units of the Camaquã Basin.
Bathyal continental slope of Vietnam: Today the
area off central Vietnam is heavily affected by upwelling
and a large amount of organic material settles to the
seafloor. There the benthic organisms experience some
lowered oxygenation; today and during interglacial times
the bottom water circulation is rapid, but the oxygen
saturation of the bottom water reaches only ¼ of the full
saturation value. During glacial times upwelling slowed
down, but increased fluvial discharge from the Mekong
and the Molengraaff River draining the emerged Sunda
Shelf provided nutrients and hence, a pronounced oxygen
minimum developed. The ichnofabrics reflect these
conditions clearly.
In the field of neoichnology, I study coastal areas with
graduate and undergraduate students. Our main objective
is to use the modern biogenic record as analogues to
marginal- and shallow-marine trace fossil recorded in the
sedimentary record.
Vietnam shelf: The Vietnam shelf was exposed
during the last glaciation and the Mekong River incised a
number of valleys during that time. Later on, during sealevel rise these valleys were flooded. Within the incised
valleys as well as on the shelf, Glossifungites surfaces
developed in response to marine flooding. I am now going
to study in detail these Glossifungites surfaces and the
processes affecting their formation.
Web Page: http://unisinos.academia.edu/RenataNetto
In 2012 it is planned to investigate a transect from the
prodelta of the Red River in the Gulf of Tonkin to the
upper continental slope of the northern South China Sea
ichnologically, once again studying sediment cores by
means of X-ray radiography.
Dr. Jan Kresten Nielsen
Other ichnologic work includes small studies about a new
ichnogenus of Cladichnus (in cooperation with Alfred
Uchman) and the some shallow-water trace fossils in
Patagonia (in cooperation with Noelia Carmona and Juan
Ponce).
StatoilHydro ASA, Stjørdal, Norway
The research has included a number of topics during
2008. In particular, the characterization of rock properties
through multi-disciplinary studies involving sequence
stratigraphy, sedimentology and ichnology has been given
42
Ichnological Websites
ichnologicalassociation.org
The website ichnologicalassociation.org is the official
website of the International Ichnological Association. The
IIA is the host organization for the Ichnia conferences,
and it supports two publications: the international journal
Ichnos and the Ichnology Newsletter. Please visit
this website for up-to-date information on meetings,
membership, news, and to download the Ichnological
Newletters. Membership in the IIA, includes receiving
print copies and online access to Ichnos.
Soon, the website will provide information about
oncoming ichnological conference Ichnia 2012 that will
be hosted in Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Also, the website is going to offer in near future the
possibility to see three dimensional models of burrows
and ichnofabric that the group is working on currently.
The format of shared models will allow for interactive
examination of reconstructed burrow geometry in three
dimensions.
www.sfu.ca/ARISE
The IIA also supports an online group (Ichnological
Association) through the professional networking site:
LinkedIn.com. The LinkedIn site is a venue for members
to pose questions to other ichnologists, for members to
keep their status and address information up to date,
and is a venue for members to advertise jobs, books,
and upcoming meetings. Please see the next page for
information on the page, and PLEASE sign up! It’s free!!
www.ichnology.ca
The website www.sfu.ca/ARISE is the home page for
the Applied Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology
(ARISE) Group. ARISE members conduct field-based
research investigating sedimentological, ichnological,
and stratigraphic aspects of siliciclastic depositional
environments and deposits. The group’s focus is on
integrating the results of modern research with rockrecord studies. Much of the research is aimed at the
Petroleum Industry, where the results of the various
projects are directly applicable to geological questions
faced by the industry.
The website www.ichnology.ca shares information on the
ichnological and related studies conducted by the MUN
Ichnology Research Group. Research focuses on the theme
of reservoir ichnology: application of ichnology to study
of paleoenvironmental/facies analysis and the impact of
burrowing on all types of hydrocarbon reservoirs from
conventional sandstones to shale gas.
Website offers articles about publications by MUN
Ichnology Research Group members, short ichno-articles
and news on the group activity in the field of the ichnology
research and also image gallery that contains pictures
from neo- and paleoichnology field.
The website provides links to the personal pages of all
of the ARISE membership. Permanent members include
Shahin Dashtgard, James MacEachern, Kerrie Bann,
Cindy, Hansen, and Bruce Ainsworth. We are working to
improve the site by adding links to the research programs
being carried out and to papers published by the members.
43
The Ichnological Newsletters will be made available
through this site in the near future.
The Ichnological Association Group Site on LinkedIn.com
We strongly encourage all members of the ichnological community to join the “Ichnological Association” on the
professional networking site LinkedIn.com. Membership in this site is 100% free, and it offers a forum for discussions,
updates, and advertising. This site also provides members with the means to keep the community up-to-date with their
research, and contact details.
Ichnological Association | LinkedIn
http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Ichnological-Association-38297...
Account Type: Basic
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Does anyone have any information pertinent to this trace fossil? I'm looking
for a possible name or other stratigraphic occurrences. Thanks.
Invite people you know
18 days ago
Ronald McDowell and 1 more
commented on:
Does anyone have any information
pertinent to this trace fossil? I'm
looking for a possible name or other
stratigraphic occurrences. Thanks.
6 comments
1 month ago
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS FOSSIL? wvgs.wvnet.edu
See all updates »
Request for information on Unknown Trace...
posted 1 month ago
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Ronald McDowell 1 month ago • Lothar, I am currently doing bedrock mapping in the same
general area where I recovered the original trace in 2009. I will have to ... »
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The Vancouver MBA Tour
Fresh/Brackish environment fossils
Anyone know where I can find some descent information (as a resource) for fossils that are
found in a fresh/brackish water environment. ...
posted 2 months ago
Matthew
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Meet top business schools at the
Vancouver MBA Tour, Thursday Nov. 3,
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Matthew Levesque 2 months ago • Thanks mate. Will look them up. ...
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Hello all ichnofriends in Linkedin. A question for discussion: have you seen
pelleted crustacean burrows in marsh deposits?
posted 6 months ago
Renata
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Shahin Dashtgard 3 months ago • Hi Renata, sorry for the slow reply. I was going through
volume 27 of the Ichnology Newsletter, and on page 8, there are photos of ... »
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2011 Ichnology Newletter: Call for Submissions
Ichnology Newsletter
Shahin E. Dashtgard and Noelia Carmona, Co-editors
Number 28
Call for Submissions April 2011
Shahin Dashtgard of ...
posted 6 months ago
1 of 2
44
11-10-04 8:01 AM
Bibliographia Ichnologica
Angulo, S. and Buatois, L.A. 2009. Sedimentological and
Ichnological Aspects of a Sandy Low-Energy Coast: Upper
Devonian – Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation,
Williston Basin, Southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada.
Summary of Investigations 2009, Saskatchewan Industry and
Resources: 1-17.
Angulo, S. and Buatois, L.A. 2010. Sedimentary Facies
Distribution of the Upper Devonian – Lower Mississippian
Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, Southeastern
Saskatchewan: Implications for Understanding Reservoir
Geometry, Paleogeography, and Depositional History.
Resources.
Angulo, S. and Buatois, L.A. 2011. Petrophysical
Characterization of Sedimentary Facies from the Upper
Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation in the
Williston Basin, Southeastern Saskatchewan. Summary of
Investigations 2010, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources.
Angulo, S. and Buatois, L.A. in press. Integrating depositional
models, ichnology and sequence stratigraphy in reservoir
characterization: the middle member of the Upper DevonianLower Mississippian Bakken Formation of subsurface
southeastern Saskatchewan revisited. AAPG Bulletin.
Angulo, S. and Buatois, L.A. in press. Ichnology of an Upper
Devonian - Lower Mississippian low-energy seaway: the
Bakken Formation of subsurface Saskatchewan, Canada:
Assessing paleoenvironmental controls and biotic responses.
Palaeogeography, Palaeclimatology, Palaeoecology.
Angulo, S., Buatois, L.A. and Halabura, S. 2008.
Paleoenvironmental
and
sequence-stratigraphic
reinterpretation of the Upper Devonian – Lower Mississippian
Bakken Formation of subsurface Saskatchewan: Integrating
sedimentologic and ichnologic data. Summary of
Investigations 2008, Saskatchewan Industry and Resources,
p. 1-24.
Bann, K.L., Tye, S.C., MacEachern, J.A., Fielding, C.R., and
Jones, B.G. 2008. Ichnological signatures and sedimentology
of mixed wave- and storm-dominated deltaic deposits:
examples from the Early Permian, southern Sydney Basin of
southeastern Australia. In Hampson, G., Steel, R., Burgess,
P., and Dalrymple, R. (eds.), Recent Advances in Models of
Siliciclastic Shallow-Marine Stratigraphy, SEPM Special
Publication 90: 293-332.
Bednarz, M., and McIlroy, D. 2009. Three-Dimensional
Reconstruction of “Phycosiphoniform” Burrows: Implications
for Identification of Trace Fossils in Core. Palaeontologia
Electronica Vol. 12 (3) 13A: 15p. http://palaeo-electronica.
org/2009_3/195/index.html
Benner, J.S., Ekdale, A.A. and de Gibert, J.M. 2008. Enigmatic
organisms preserved in early Ordovician macroborings,
western Utah, USA. In Wisshak, M. and Tapanila, L. (eds.),
Current Developments in Bioerosion. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin/Heidelberg, p. 55-64.
Benner, J.S., Ridge, J.C. and Taft, N.K. 2008. Late Pleistocene
freshwater fish (Cottidae) trackways from New England
(USA) glacial lakes and a reinterpretation of the ichnogenus
Broomichnium Kuhn. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Benner, J.S. and de Gibert, J.M. 2009. Cochlea archimedea:
Hitchcock’s fish trail. Ichnos, 16(4): 274-280.
Benner, J.S., Ridge, J.C and Knecht, R.J. 2009. Timing of postglacial reinhabitation and ecological development of two
New England, USA, drainages based on trace fossil evidence.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 272:
232-239.
Bromley, R., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Genise, J. and
Melchor, R. (eds.). 2007. Sediment-Organism Interactions: A
multifaceted ichnology. SEPM Special Publication 88. 393 p.
Bromley, R., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Genise, J. and
Melchor, R. 2007. Ichnology: Present trends and some
future directions. In Bromley, R., Buatois, L.A., Mángano,
M.G., Genise, J. and Melchor, R. (eds.), Sediment-Organism
Interactions: A multifaceted ichnology. SEPM Special
Publication 88: 3-6.
Bromley, R.G., Buatois, L.A., Genise, J.F., Labandeira, C.C.,
Mángano, M.G., Melchor, R.N., Schlirf, M. and Uchman,
A. 2007. Comments on the paper “Reconnaissance of
Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation ichnofossils, Rocky
Mountain Region, USA: paleoenvironmental, stratigraphic,
and paleoclimatic significance of terrestrial and freshwater
ichnocoenoses” by Stephen T. Hasiotis. Sedimentary Geology
200: 141-150.
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. 2007. La colonización de
los fondos marinos en la transición Proterozoico-Cámbrico.
In Benedetto, J.L. (ed.), Los fósiles del Proterozoico Superior
y Paleozoico inferior de Argentina. Publicación Especial
Ameghiniana Nº 11, 9-12.
Buatois, LA. and Mángano, M.G. 2007. Invertebrate ichnology
of continental freshwater environments. In Miller, W. III
(ed.), Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects. Elsevier,
p. 285-323.
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. 2008. Trazas fosiles. In
Camacho, H. (ed.), Invertebrados Fosiles, p. 751-785.
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. 2009. Applications of
ichnology in lacustrine sequence stratigraphy: Potential
and limitations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology Special Issue 272: 127-142.
Buatois, L.A. and Encinas, A. 2011. Ichnology, sequence
stratigraphy and depositional evolution of an Upper Cretaceous
rocky shoreline in central Chile: Bioerosion structures in a
transgressed metamorphic basement. Cretaceous Research
32: 203-212.
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. 2011. Ichnology: The role of
organism-substrate interactions in space and time. Cambridge
University Press, 358 p.
45
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. in press. The trace-fossil
record of organism-matground interactions in space and
time. In Noffke, N. and Chafetz, H. (eds.), Microbial mats in
Siliciclastic Sediments. SEPM Special Publication.
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. in press. The Déjà vu
effect: Recurrent patterns in the exploitation of ecospace,
the establishment of the mixed layer, and the distribution of
matgrounds. Geology.
Buatois, L.A. and Mángano, M.G. in press. An Early Cambrian
shallow-marine ichnofauna from the Puncoviscana Formation
of northwest Argentina: The interplay between sophisticated
feeding behaviors, matgrounds and sea-level changes. Journal
of Paleontology.
Buatois, L.A., Netto, R.G. and Mángano, M.G. 2007. Ichnology
of Permian marginal-marine to shallow-marine coal-bearing
successions: Rio Bonito and Palermo Formations, Parana
basin, Brazil. In MacEachern, J., Bann, K.L., Gingras, M.K.
and Pemberton, S.G. (eds.), Applied Ichnology. SEPM Short
Course Notes 52, 167-177.
Buatois, L.A., Uba, C.E., Mángano, M.G., Hulka, C. and
Heubeck, C. 2007. Deep bioturbation in continental
environments: Evidence from Miocene fluvial deposits of
Bolivia. In Bromley, R., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G.,
Genise, J. and Melchor, R. (eds.), Sediment-Organism
Interactions: A multifaceted ichnology. SEPM Special
Publication 88, 123-136.
Buatois, L.A., Santiago, N., Parra, K. and Steel, R. 2008.
Animal-substrate interactions in an Early Miocene wavedominated tropical delta: delineating environmental stresses
and depositional dynamics (Tácata field, eastern Venezuela).
Journal of Sedimentary Research 78: 458-479.
Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Brussa, E., Benedetto, J.L.
and Pompei, J. 2009. The changing face of the deep:
Colonization of the Early Ordovician deep-sea floor, Puna,
northwest Argentina. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology
Palaeoecology 280: 291-299.
Buatois, L.A., Macsotay, O. and Quiroz, L. 2010. The trace
fossil Sinusichnus in the Cretaceous of Antarctica and the
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Marty, D., Belvedere, M., Meyer, C.A., Mietto, P., Paratte, G.,
Lovis, C. and Thüring, B. 2010. Comparative analysis of
Late Jurassic sauropod trackways from the Jura Mountains
(NW Switzerland) and the central High Atlas Mountains
(Morocco): implications for sauropod ichnotaxonomy.
Historical Biology, 22 (1–3): 109–133.
McIlroy, D. 2007. Lateral variability in shallow marine
ichnofabrics: implications for the ichnofabric analysis
method. J. of the Geological Society, London 164: 359-369.
McIlroy, D. 2007. Palaeoenvironmental controls on the
ichnology of tide-influenced facies with an example from
a macrotidal tide-dominated deltaic depositional system,
Lajas Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina. In Bromley,
R.G., Buatois L.A., Mángano, M.G., Genise, J. and Melchor,
R. (eds.), Sediment-Organism interactions: a multifaceted
ichnology. SEPM Special Publication 87: 195-213.
McIlroy, D. 2008. Ichnological analysis: the common ground
between ichnofacies workers and ichnofabric analysts.
332-338.
50
McIlroy, D. 2010. Biogenic cross lamination produced by the
pistol shrimp Alpheus bellulus in microcosm experiments.
Journal of Sedimentary Research, 80: 151-154.
McIlroy, D. Evidence of the non-marine Cambrian radiation or
ichnology of a Cambrian braid delta? Geology, 39. Accepted.
McIlroy, D. and Garton, M. 2010. Realistic interpretation of
ichnofabrics and paleoecology of the pipe-rock biotope.
Lethaia, 43: 420-426.
McIlroy, D., Brasier, M.D. and Lang, A.S. 2009. Smothering of
microbial mats by macrobiota: implications for the Ediacara
biota. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 166: 11171121.
McIlroy, D., Tonkin, N.S., Phillips, C. and Herringshaw, L.G.
2010. Comment on “Ophiomorpha irregulaire, Mesozoic
trace fossil that is either well understood but rare in outcrop
or poorly understood but common in core” by R.G. Bromley
and G.K. Pedersen [Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology 270 (2008) 295–298]. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 284: 392–395.
Meyer, C.A. and Marty, D. 2008. 20 years after – recurrent
vertebrate ichnocoenoses in carbonate platform environments
from the Jura Mountains (Oxfordian to Berriasian;
Switzerland, France). Ichnia 2008 - Second International
Congress on Ichnology, Cracow, Poland, p. 80.
Mikuláš, R. 2008. Xylic substrates at the fossilization barrier:
oak trunks (Quercus sp.) in the Holocene sediments of the
Labe River, Czech Republic. In Wisshak, M. and Tapanila, L.
(eds.), Current developments in bioerosion. Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, p. 415-429.
Mikuláš, R. 2008. The principle of “Frozen Evolution” and
its manifestation in the fossil record: the brachiopod genus
Aegiromena Havlíček, 1961 (Upper Ordovician, Czech
Republic). Paleontological Workshop held in honour of Doc.
Dr. jaroslav Kraft, CSc. Czech Geological Society, p. 32-38.
Mikuláš, R. 2008. Bioerosion features in tufa sediments in the
floodplain of the Labe river, Czech Republic. 6th International
Bioerosion Workshop, Salt Lake City, Utah. Abstract Book, p.
30.
Mikuláš, R. and Prouza, V. 2008. K otázce provenience
svrchnokarbonských slepenců v severovýchodních Čechách
(Contribution to the question of provenance of the Upper
Carboniferous conglomerates in the north-eastern Bohemia).
Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2007, 27-29.
Mikuláš, R. and Zasadil, B. 2008. Fungal(?) pits in the Late
Paleozoic and Tertiary mineralized wood, Czech Republic.
6th International Bioerosion Workshop, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Abstract Book, p. 31.
Mikuláš, R. and Zasadil, B. 2008. Paleontologický význam dutin
ve fosilních dřevech permokarbonského stáří středočeských a
západočeských kamenouhelných pánví. (The paleontological
significance of hollows in Carboniferous to Permian fossil
wood of the Central-Western Bohemian coal-bearing basins).
Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2007, 124-127.
Mikuláš, R., Fatka, O. and Szabad, M. 2008. Predation and
scavenging traces on trilobite exoskeletons, Middle Cambrian,
Czech Republic. 6th International Bioerosion Workshop, Salt
Lake City, Utah. Abstract Book, p. 13.
Mikuláš, R., Bromley, R.G. and Genise, J.F. 2008. The find
of insect borings in the Middle Jurassic lignite, Bornholm,
Denmark. 6th International Bioerosion Workshop, Salt Lake
City, Utah. Abstract Book, p. 17.
Minter, N., Mángano, M.G. and Caron, J.B. in press. Skimming
the surface with Burgess Shale arthropod locomotion.
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences.
Morshedian, A., MacEachern, J.A. and Dashtgard, S.E. 2011.
Stratigraphic framework for the Lower Cretaceous Upper
Mannville Group (Sparky, Waseca, McLaren Alloformations)
in the Lloydminster area, west-central Saskatchewan, Canada.
Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Summary of Investigations
2010, v. 1, 25 p.
Morshedian, A., MacEachern, J.A. and Dashtgard, S.E. 2009.
Facies characterization of the Lower Cretaceous Sparky,
Waseca, and McLaren formations (Mannville Group) of westcentral Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Geological Survey,
Summary of Investigations 2009, v. 1 (Misc. Report 2009
4.1), Paper A-9, 14 p.
Netto, R.G. and Grangeiro, M.E. 2009. Neoichnology of the
seaward side of Peixe Lagoon in Mostardas, southernmost
Brazil: The Psilonichnus ichnocoenosis revisited. Revista
Brasileira de Paleontologia, 12: 211-224.
Netto, R.G., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., and Balistieri,
P. 2007. Gyrolithes as a multipurpose burrow: An ethologic
approach. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 10: 157-168.
Netto, R.G., Balistieri, P.R.M.N., Lavina, E.L.C., and Silveira,
D.M. 2009. Ichnological signatures of shallow freshwater
lakes in the glacial Itararé Group (Mafra Formation, Upper
Carboniferous¿Lower Permian of Paraná Basin, S Brazil).
240-255.
Nielsen, J.K. and Nielsen, Jesper K. 2007. Trace Fossils:
Concepts, problems, prospects [Book review]. Ethology,
Ecology & Evolution, Firenze, 19: 171-172.
Nielsen, J.K. and Helama, S. 2008. Mikuláš R. and Dronov A.,
Palaeoichnology—Introduction to the study of trace fossils,
Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic,
Prague, 2006, 122 pp. [Book review]. Paleontological Journal,
42: 568-569.
Nielsen, Jesper K., Nielsen, J.K., Hanken, N.-M., Shen,
Y., Daszinnies, M.C. and Grundvåg, S.-A. 2008. A
multidisciplinary approach to improve petroleum exploration
in the Barents Sea region. Workshop Approaching Arctic
Frontier Areas for Petroleum Exploration, University of
Tromsø, Abstracts, 2 pp.
Nielsen, J.K., Nielsen, Jesper K., Helama, S. and Worthington,
R. 2008. Ichnofabrics as evidence of depositional dynamics
on a prograding carbonate wedge: an example from the
Pleistocene of Rhodes, Greece. 33rd International Geological
Congress, Oslo. Abstract CD-ROM, 1 p.
Pemberton, S.G., MacEachern, J.A., Dashtgard, S.E., Bann,
K.L., Gingrras, M.K. and Zonneveld, J.-P. in press. An
integrated ichnological-sedimentological model of shoreface
successions. In Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary
Environments. Elsevier.
Pemberton, S.G., MacEachern, JA., Gingras, M.K., and
Saunders, T.D.A. 2008. Biogenic chaos: Cryptobioturbation
and the work of sedimentologically friendly organisms:
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaecology 208:
273-279.
Pemberton, S.G., McCrea, R., Gingras, M.K., Sargeant, W.A.S.
and MacEachern, J.A. 2008. History of Ichnology: The
correspondence between the Reverend Henry Duncan and
the Reverend William Buckland and the discovery of the first
vertebrate footprints, Ichnos 15: 5-17.
Pemberton, S.G., MacEachern, J.A. and Gingras, M.K. 2007.
The antecedents of invertebrate ichnology in North America:
the Canadian and Cincinnati schools. In Miller III, W. (ed.),
Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects, Elsevier, p. 1431.
Pemberton, S.G., Gingras, M.K. and MacEachern, J.A. 2007.
Edward Hitchcock and Roland Bird: two early titans of
vertebrate ichnology in North America. In Miller III, W. (ed.),
Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects, Elsevier, p. 3251.
Phillips, C. and McIlroy, D. 2010. Ichnofabrics and biologically
mediated changes in clay mineral assemblages from a deepwater, fine-grained, calcareous sedimentary succession: an
example from the Upper Cretaceous Wyandot Formation,
offshore Nova Scotia. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum
Geology, 58: 203-218.
Phillips, C., McIlroy, D. and Elliott, T. 2011. Ichnological
characterization of Eocene/Oligocene turbidites from the Grès
d’Annot Basin, French Alps, SE France. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 300: 67-83.
Quiroz, L.I., Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Jaramillo, C.A.
and Santiago, N. 2010. Is the trace fossil Macaronichnus an
indicator of temperate to cold climates? Exploring the paradox
of its occurrence in low-latitude tropical coasts. Geology 38:
651-654.
Rodríguez-Tovar, F.J., Puga-Berbabéu, A. and Buatois, L.A.
2008. Large burrow systems in marine Miocene deposits of
the Betic Cordillera (Southeast Spain). Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 268:19-25.
Sadeque, J., Bhattacharya, J.P., MacEachern, J.A., and Howell,
C.D. 2007. Differentiating amalgamated parasequences in
deltaic settings using ichnology: an example from the Upper
Turonian Wall Creek Member of the Frontier Formation,
Wyoming. In MacEachern, J.A., Bann, K.L., Gingras, M.K.,
and Pemberton, S.G. (eds.), Applied Ichnology, SEPM Short
Course Notes 52: 343-362.
Schatz, E., Mángano, M.G., Buatois, L.A. and Limarino, C.O.
2011. Life after the Late Paleozoic ice age: Trace fossils from
glacially influenced deposits in a Late Carboniferous fjordvalley of western Argentina. Journal of Paleontology 85: 504520.
51
Scott, J.J., Renaut, R.W., Buatois, L.A. and Owen, R.B.
2009. Trace fossils in exhumed surfaces around saline
lakes: an example from Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Special
Issue 272: 176-198.
Sisulak, C.F. and Dashtgard, S.E. in press. Seasonal controls
on the development and character of inclined heterolithic
stratification in a tide-influenced, fluvially dominated channel:
Fraser River, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Research.
Such, P., Buatois, L.A. and Mangano, M.G. 2007. Stratigraphy,
depositional environments and ichnology of the lower
Paleozoic in the Azul Pampa area (Jujuy province, Argentina).
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 62: 331-344.
Tonkin, N.S., McIlroy, D., Meyer, R. and Moore-Turpin, A.
2010. How does bioturbation influence reservoir quality? A
case study from the Cretaceous Ben Nevis Formation, Jeanne
d’Arc Basin, Offshore Newfoundland, Canada. American
Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 94: 1059–1078.
Tonkin, N.S. The ichnology of deltas. In Knaust, D. and
Bromley R.G. (eds.) Trace fossils as indicators of sedimentary
environments, Elsevier. Accepted.
Uba, C., Plessen, B., Buatois, L.A., Hasler, C.A. and Schmitt,
A. 2009. Isotopic, paleontologic, and ichnologic evidence
for late Miocene pulses of marine incursions in the Bolivian
central Andes. Geology 37: 827-830.
Uchman, A. and Wetzel, A., 2011. Deep-sea ichnology:
The relationships between depositional environment and
endobenthic organisms. In Hüneke, H. and Mulder, T. (eds.),
Deep-Sea Sediments. Developments in Sedimentology, 63.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 517-556.
Virtasalo, J.J., Löwemark, L., Papunen, H., Kotilainen, A.T.,
Whitehouse, M.J. 2010. Pyritic and baritic burrows and
microbial filaments in postglacial lacustrine clays in the
northern Baltic Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, 167:
1185-1198.
Wetzel, A. 2008. Recent bioturbation in the deep South China
Sea: A uniformitarian ichnologic approach. Palaios, 23: 601615.
Wetzel, A. 2009. The preservation potential of ash layers in the
deep-sea: the example of the 1991-Pinatubo ash in the South
China Sea. Sedimentology, 56: 1992-2009.
Wetzel, A. 2010. Deep-sea ichnology: Observations in modern
sediments to interpret fossil counterparts. Acta Geologica
Polonica, 60: 125-138.
Wetzel, A. and Reisdorf, A.G. 2007. Ichnofabrics elucidate
the accumulation history of a condensed interval containing
a vertically emplaced ichthyosaur skull. In Bromley, R.G.,
Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M.G., Genise, J.F. and Melchor,
R.N. (eds.), Sediment-Organism Interactions: A Multifaceted
Ichnology. SEPM Special Publications, 88: 241-251.
Wetzel, A., Blechschmidt, I., Uchman, A. and Matter, A. 2007.
A highly diverse ichnofauna in Late Triassic deep-sea fan
deposits of Oman. Palaios, 22: 567-576.
Wetzel, A., Werner, F. and Stow, D.A.V. 2008. Bioturbation and
biogenic sedimentary structures in contourites. In Rebesco,
M. and Camerlenghi, A. (eds.), Contourites. Developments in
Sedimentology, 60. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 183-202.
Wetzel, A., Uchman, A., Blechschmidt, I. and Matter, A.
2009. Omanichnus and Vitichnus -- two new graphoglyptid
ichnogenera from Upper Triassic deep-sea fan deposits in
Oman. Ichnos, 16: 179-185.
Wetzel, A., Tjallingii, R. and Stattegger, K., 2010. Gyrolithes
in Holocene estuarine incised-valley fill deposits, offshore
southern Vietnam. Palaios, 25: 239-246.
Editors note: The completeness and accuracy of the Bibliographia Ichnologica is based on submissions from the
ichnological community. This is by no means a complete list of ichnological publications, but it does provide a starting
point for learning what advances have been made in our science.
52
The Ichnology Newsletter
Shahin E. Dashtgard and Noelia B. Carmona, Co-editors
Ichnology Newsletter:
Information and Style for Contributions
Shahin E. Dashtgard
Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, CANADA
V5A1S6 Phone: +1-778-782-5492, [email protected]
Noelia Carmona
Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Isidro Lobo y Belgrano, (8332)
Roca, Río Negro, Argentina. Phone +54-2941-427399, [email protected]
Kinds of submissions
The Ichnology Newsletter is a publication of about 60 pages. It is an informal work distributed mainly among ichnologic
researchers. All researchers are encouraged to submit research articles, interesting ichnological observations, and
book reviews. We also encourage you to send information on your references for the Bibliographia Ichnologica, and
announcements and reports on meetings and other events.
The format of the Newsletter has change somewhat. The “Friends of Ichnology” address list is moved to the LinkedIn
webpage (www.linkedIn.com Group name: Ichnological Association). We encourage researchers to announce
upcoming events through the LinkedIn page, as the site will be updated much more regularly than the Newsletter.
There will be 7 sections to the IN:
1) Upcoming Events
2) Articles: on current research or perspectives on Ichnology. Articles should be submitted with colour photos
and figures. Please include the figures as separate files (.jpg) and submit the text as a Word file (.doc).
3) Book reviews/ Interviews/ Biographies.
4) Photo Gallery: if you have any interesting shots that you wish to share with the community, please submit
them with an explanation of the image.
5) Recent Events – summaries (photos welcomed)
6) Current Research
7) Ichnological Websites
8) Bibliography
We therefore request:
· news items and advertisements: new finds, websites, ichno-parks, etc.
· articles of a topical nature
· interviews and reminiscences of ichnologists
· obituaries and biographies of ichnologists
· historical papers pertaining to ichnology
· reviews of meetings, short courses, and other events in ichnology
· reviews of ichnologic books, films, websites, and other media
· ichnologic art or photos, for the volume cover and photo gallery
· Website addresses
53
The following recommendations will take some of the burden of producing the Newsletter off the shoulders of the
coeditors and help to ensure that it will be distributed on time. The Newsletter is truly a community effort.
General
All submissions (including new citations for papers) should be sent by email to [email protected].
Word processor: MS Word. Please do not send PDF files.
Font: Times New Roman, font size 11.
Page size: US letter.
Margins: we will format margins.
Page numbers: we will paginate.
Text of most articles: pitch (font size) 11, single-spaced, fully justified. One space after periods, not two.
Title and Byline
Title of article: pitch (font size) 14; capitalize as sentence (e.g., ‘This
Author of article: pitch 12, italics
Affiliation, address and email address of author (s): pitch 10.
Research is Super Cool’)
Headings
Primary Headings: centered, pitch 11, boldface; no blank line after headings.
Secondary Headings: centered, pitch 11, italics; no blank line after headings.
Figures
The Ichnology Newsletter will be primarily available as full-color pdf. Electronic submissions are desired (JPG files
are preferred but other types may be more appropriate for some uses). Please do not send files larger than 15 Mb.
Figure Caption Example (Times New Roman, pitch 11)
Figure 1—Rosselia socialis trace fossil and its modern analogue. A) Longitudinal section of Rosselia socialis showing
concentric laminations tapering to central shaft. B) Cross section of R. socialis showing concentric laminations around
burrow core. C) Example of in situ (left) and transported (right) Rosselia socialis burrows from Horseshoe Canyon
Formation, Alberta, Canada. D) Cirriformia luxuriosa, a modern terebellid polychaete that produces a Rosselia-like
burrow. E) Reconstruction of Rosselia tracemaker in burrow (from Pemberton et al., 2001).
References
References and acknowledgments: pitch 10. References are indented after first line, using Ichnos style for the most
part, but include issue numbers if possible. Please use the journal name as it appears on the cover of the journal, and
do not abbreviate. No space between initials in author’s names. Place of publication may be added after reference
(encouraged for museum publications).
Punctuation: Italicize commas, colons, and semicolons after italicized words. Do not boldface punctuation after
boldfaced words. Use single ‘quotation marks’.
Examples:
Abbassi, N. & Momeni, I. 2001. Utility of Ophiomorpha in the sedimentary environment interpretation, Roksha Unit (Miocene),
Makran Range, SE Iran. Journal of Science of the University of Tehran, 27(1): 27-38. [In Persian, English abstract.]
Abbott, S.T. 2000. Detached mud prism origin of highstand systems tracts from mid-Pleistocene sequences, Wanganui Basin,
New Zealand. Sedimentology, 47(1): 15-29.
Ambrose, W.G., Jr., Dawson, M., Ledkovsky, P., O’Leary, S., Tassinari, B., Vogel, H. & Wilson, C. 1998. Effects of baitworm
digging on the soft-shelled clam, Mya arenaria. Abstracts, 27th Benthic Ecology Annual Meeting, Melbourne, Florida, 1: 15.
Andrews, C. & Williams, R.B.G. 2000. Limpet erosion of chalk shore platforms in southeast England. In Robinson, D.A. (ed.),
Weathering Processes, Products and Environments. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p. 1371-1381.
54
Buatois, L., Mángano, G. & Aceñolaza, F. 2002. Trazas Fosiles: Señales de Comportamiento en el Registro Estratigráfico. Museo
Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio, Editión Especial, 2: 350 pp. Trelew, Argentina.
Elbroch, M. & Marks, E. 2001. Bird Tracks & Sign: a Guide to North American Species. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg,
Pennsylvania, 456 pp.
Bibliographia Ichnologica
References: We prefer Ichnos style with no abbreviations. If your list is long, please put references in pitch 10. Please
do not include keywords or abstracts. We will accept publications that are in press, but not those that are in preparation
or in review. Please only include reviewed and refereed publications only from the last time the IN was published. For
example, for IN 29, we will publish references for papers from 2012 onward.
55

Ichnology Newsletter 28, October 2011

Transcription

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