police state and pro..

QUIZ : The police state, propaganda and
censorship
1. Who was in charge of propaganda in Nazi Germany?
2. Name 5 examples of propaganda used by the Nazis to
keep power after 1933.
3. Name 3 examples of propaganda used by the Nazis to
win support before 1933.
4. Name all 4 parts of the police state.
5. Who was in charge of the police state?
6. Name two famous films made during
the Third Reich.
7. What was the name of the
cheap radio mass produced
by the Nazis?
Himmler
Head of the SS and
all internal security
within Germany
Goebbels
Reich minister for
Propaganda
The Nazi police
state
The Nazi police state was a
structure of organisations
and their leaders. The task of
the police state was to
expose and eliminate all
forms of opposition and
‘undesirables’.
The Nazi Police State
SS
Camps
Gestapo
Informers
• Originally, a private bodyguard for Hitler and other Nazi leaders. It started off as only 500 men.
• Himmler built the SS into an elite force of 50,000 tall, blond, blue-eyed Aryan ‘supermen’. Physical
standards were strict – until 1936, even a filling in a tooth was enough to keep a man out of the SS.
• The main means of terrorising/intimidating Germans into obedience. Had almost unlimited power to
arrest people without trial, search houses and confiscate property. Ran the concentration camps.
• These were special camps to which opponents would be taken for questioning, torture, hard labour
and ‘re-education’.
• Later, concentration camps became the scenes of mass genocide (Holocaust). However, in the early
days of the Nazi regime, people were not sent to CCs for the purpose of being killed.
• The secret police, under the command of Himmler.
• Tapped telephones, intercepted mail and spied on people.
• Could strike anywhere at any time against ordinary Germans. It was probably the Gestapo that the
opponents of Nazism most feared. But, at its peak, there were only 300,000 Gestapo officers for the
whole country.
• Every town was divided into units called blocks, which included only a handful of homes. Each block
had a block warden;
• Block Wardens wrote reports on the ‘political reliability’ of their block residents. These reports could
determine whether or not someone got a job;
• Anyone who showed signs of ‘independent thinking’ – eg. telling anti-Nazi jokes, hosting illegal
political meetings or not flying the Nazi flag on Nazi celebration days – could be reported to the
Gestapo.
ACTIVITY
Plan your answers to these
two questions by completing
the tables on the handout.
Describe the key features of
the Nazi police state. (6
marks)
Describe the propaganda
methods used by the Nazis in
the years 1933-39. (6 marks)
One key feature of X was…./One
method was….
For example….. (develop with
factual knowledge)
A second key feature of X was…./A
second method was….
For example….(develop with factual
knowledge)
Propaganda and
censorship
A photo of Goebbels, taken 1931.
It was banned after 1933. Why?
Hitler wanted to create a state which
believed in and supported Nazi ideals.
This was achieved partly through the
police state, and partly through
skilful use of propaganda and
censorship. All 3 worked together
and reinforced each other….
• The police state would root out and
deal with those who had not been
persuaded by propaganda and
censorship;
• Propaganda and censorship would
cover up/’justify’ the atrocities of
the police state
Propaganda was a means of control. It could take many forms….
school subjects cinema
sport
theatre
parades +
rallies
radio
books
propaganda
music
newspapers
sculptures
youth
movements
painting
celebration
days
You should know 3 examples of how Goebbels used propaganda & censorship to
control the thoughts, beliefs and opinions of the German people…..
Cinema: audiences had to watch 45 minute newsreels carrying the Nazi
message/glorifying Nazi achievements.
Over 1000 films made during the Third Reich. All film plots had to be approved by
Goebbels.
Love stories and thrillers were given pro-Nazi slants– Goebbels knew that propaganda
had to be entertaining!
Hitlerjunge Quex – a Hitler Youth boy murdered by Communists. The Eternal Jew– the
story of an ‘evil’ Jew
Newspapers: Non-Nazi newspapers and magazines were closed down.
Goebbels set up a press agency to tell editors what the news should be.
Radio: All radio stations were placed under the control of the Reich Radio Company.
Cheap, mass produced radios called The People’s Receiver were produced. They couldn’t
pick up foreign broadcasts. By 1939 70% of German households had a radio.
Loudspeaker pillars were erected in public places to broadcast Hitler’s
speeches/propaganda.
There are two aspects to Nazi propaganda –
1 The propaganda which the Nazis used
before 1933, to GAIN power
2 The propaganda that the Nazis used to keep
power/gain support in Germany after 1933
Make sure you check the dates in the
question carefully!
Was the use of propaganda the
main reason why support for the
Nazi Party grew in the year 19291932?
The use of propaganda
The effects of the Wall Street
Crash
Was rearmament the most
important reason why people
supported the Nazi Party in the
years 1933–39?
Rearmament
Censorship and propaganda
What kind of propaganda was used by the Nazis
before 1933 to gain power?
QUESTION 2 TYPE B: Explain how……. (8 marks)
One way in which x used y was…
For example…….. (explain how the
method won support).
This won support because..... (sum
up the impact of the method of
propaganda).
To reach an A*, link your two methods
A second way in which x used y
was…
For example…….. (explain how the
method won support).
This won support because..... (sum
up the impact of the method of
propaganda).
Another way of reaching an A* on this Q
is to write a short conclusion explaining
the link between the 2 methods.
You only need a conclusion if you’re
10 mins aiming for an A*
METHOD/IMPACT
Explain how the Nazis used propaganda to win
support in Germany in the years 1933-39.
Method 1:
RADIO
• Reich Radio Company
• The People’s Receiver (no foreign broadcasts)
• By 1939 70% of German households had a
radio
• Loudspeaker pillars were erected in public
places.
Method 2:
CINEMA
• 45 minute newsreels
• 1000 films made, all plots approved by
Goebbels
• Films given pro-Nazi slants
• Examples – Hitlerjunge Quex & The Eternal Jew.
For more than a C, highlight that both involved
indoctrination, glorification of Nazis/Hitler,
censorship, and all-pervasive propaganda
(impossible to escape!)
QUESTION 3 The comparative question (16 marks)
Was the creation of a police state the most important effect of Nazi rule
on the German people in the years 1933–39? (16 marks)
• The creation of a police state
• The use of propaganda
ACTIVITY
Complete the planning table for this question.
QUESTION 3 The comparative question (16 marks)
In some ways, the police state was the
most important effect of Nazi rule.
For example…..(how did have an
impact on the people?) Therefore, the
police state had an important effect
because… (sum up its impact).
Start
and
finish
each
para
with the
wording
of the Q
CONCLUSION
A
A*
Compare 2 factors – which factor had
the biggest/most important effect, and
why, AND why the effect of other factor
was less important
Compare 3 factors - which factor had the
biggest/most important effect, and why,
AND why the effect of each of the other
factors was less important OR Connect –
explain how all 3 factors worked
together to have an important effect on
the people.
25 mins
• For a D-C grade answer,
repeat for the second bullet
point.
• For a C-B grade answer,
you’ll also need to write
about a third relevant factor
of your own choice.
• For an A or A*, you will also
need a conclusion (in
addition to both of the
above).
In the exam, check out how
much time you have left for
this question. As a minimum,
aim to write about the 2 bullet
points. You can then build up
your answer to improve your
grade.
Here’s a successful A* conclusion…..
In conclusion, no single factor was the most important effect, the
three factors worked together to give Hitler what he wanted. A pure
Aryan Germany of anti-Semitic, Nazi soldiers and wives who would
have lots of children. Propaganda manipulated the change in the
role of women, they were told from a young age what their roles
were, whist the police state methods were there to deal with those
who did not succumb to Goebbels’ clever thought control, or did
not fit Hitler’s ideal.
EXAMINER: Before this conclusion, the answer had 3 well
supported paragraphs about the effect the police state,
propaganda and the changing role of women had on the German
people. This conclusion successfully explains how all 3 worked
together to have an impact on the German people.
An attempt at an A* conclusion that didn’t measure up……
In conclusion, none of these effects are more important than the
others, but instead all three worked together to create the Nazis’
ideal race. They were designed for a country that knew it would be
going to war so these effects of Nazi rule prepared Germany for this
while keeping any opposition quiet. This made the German people
ready for the upcoming years of war.
EXAMINER: This is a good connection but it doesn’t work
because the conclusion doesn’t name the 3 bullet points which
have been written about, spelling out the connection between
them. The connection needs to be clear to see. If you are going
for the A* conclusion, make sure you have named the three
points you have written about when you are explaining the
connection between them.