Research and Development - Sabah Forestry Department

Transcription

Sabah Forestry Department
30
Research and Development
Natural Forest Ecology & Management
The Establishment Of Seed Orchards For Selected Native
Tree Species
This project receives funding from both the Federal Government
(under the 9th Malaysia Plan) and ITTO (International Tropical
Timber Organisation). As of December 2008, 9 species have
been planted out at the Lungmanis FR, where the orchards
are located (Table 30.1).
Table 30.1: Status of Seed Orchard establishment for 14 selected tree species
Species
No. of
trees
marked
No. of
localities
No. of
families
planted
Octomeles sumatrana
Anthocephalus cadamba
Terminalia copelandii
Litsea cubeba
Cinnamomum pentanoxylon
Dyera costulata
Dracontomelon dao
Dryobalanops lanceolata
Aquilaria malaccensis
Cratoxylon formosum
Lophopetalum multinervium
Canarium ovatum
Palaquim rostratum
Duabanga mollucana
57
38
8
8
8
20
14
18
14
15
11
2
6
34
20
8
1
4
3
3
2
4
4
4
1
1
2
8
25
12
4
2
4
6
3
1
10
ITTO support for the project ended officially on October,
31st, 2008. In November, Dr. Ma Hwan Ok, ITTO Projects
Manager for Reforestation & Forest Management, visited the
project as part of a scheduled project monitoring trip to review
project implementation and progress. Since the project had an
unexpended amount of US$82,000, ITTO approved a project
extension of 1 year without additional funding.
Forest Dynamics
Long term ecological research plots covering 36 ha that were
established in the year 2000, to monitor the dynamics and
floristic changes of 3 forest types in the Sepilok-Kabili Forest
Reserve, was reassessed in 2008. A total of 24 ha were
enumerated, and the remaining 12 ha is planned for 2009.
The forest types identified co-varied with the distribution of soil
type and landform. The lowland dipterocap forest overlying
soils of the Silabukan association, the lokan association,
and the maliau association are described as alluvial forest,
sandstone forest and sandstone cuesta forest respectively.
The data collected would support the Ecology Section’s study
on the forest dynamics of selected Lowland mixed dipterocarp
forests, whilst also complementing the Soil Science Section’s
current research activities on estimating carbon stocking in
natural forests.
Forest Restoration
Restoration has become an important management strategy
for the Sabah Forestry Department, and has inherently
been incorporated as part of the Department’s forest cover
conservation efforts. Rehabilitation activities such as the
planting of indigenous trees attempts in re-establishing and
enhancing forest structure and diversity. This “silvicultural”
practice has become a common approach in mitigating the
negative impacts of forest degradation, in a bid to restore
forest system function and productivity. With RMK-9 funding
from the Federal Ministry of Natural Resources, the FRC
is expected to play a key role to support the Department’s
effort, and continue research on the restoration of degraded
peatswamp, heath, ultramafic and montane forests.
These researchs are headed by the Ecology Section and
the related studies are summarized below:i. Restoration of peatswamp vegetation destroyed by fires at
Klias Forest Reserve
Under the funds provided by the Ministry of NRE, the
department maintains its initial planting trials of selected tree
species which was set up with funds provided by Danida.
Three and a half years after establishing the plot, the
favorable response of some species on the drained peat, has
in turn reduced the need for regular maintenance of the plot.
About 59% of the initially planted seedlings have survived,
and observed mortality of planted seedlings have stabilized.
Species preferring the altered nature of the peat are Kapur
Merah (Dyrobanalops beccarrii), Pulai Paya (Alstonia
spatulata), Selangan Lima Urat (Hopea pentanervia), and
Perupok Paya (Lophopetalum multinervium).
In 2008, the Ecology Section established an additional 4
ha research plot to study the effects of peatswamp drainage
on the growth and survival of selected native tree species. The
study hopes to identify tree species that would grow on a variety
of altered peatswamp sites where the groundwater, hence the
peat substrate has deteriorated. Seven species have been
planted. This includes Perupok Paya, Pulai Paya, Ramin Paya
(Gonystylus bancanus), Kapur Paya (Dryobalanops rappa),
Kapur Merah, Medang Katok (Stemonurus scorpioides), and
Geronggang Paya (Cratoxylum arborescen). Census data at
5 months after planting indicated on average high survival
(about 91%) of planted seedlings. Medang katok seedlings
were found to suffer the highest mortality rates of the seven
species planted.
ii. Restoration of ultramafic forest destroyed by fires at Tawai
Forest Reserve
The department continues to observe and maintain the
pilot plots along the Ruku Ruku river in the Tawai Forest
Reserve, in order to demonstrate the growth and survivalship
of the seven selected tree species. Of the two plots; site
soil fertility and favourable growth conditions for the planted
seedlings of one plot, was confounded with high mortality
due to deer browsing. Early observations would indicate 5
of the 7 species planted were suited to the unique soil-type;
277
these being Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), Sempilau Bukit
(Gymnostoma sumatrana), Surian Wangi (Toona sureni),
Selangan Lima Urat (Hopea pentanervia) and Nyatoh Sidang
(Palaquium rostratum). The department aims to extend the
species selection and site conditions in order to establish a
better understanding of species ecological sites preferences;
with the aim to facilitating future restoration efforts in degraded
ultramafic forest habitats.
iii. Restoration of montane forest destroyed by illegal
encroachment at Crocker Range Forest Reserve
Restoration on degraded montane were initiated in early
November 2007 on an illegally encroached area adjacent
to the abandoned SAFODA’s Pinus planting trial. About 924
seedlings were planted and seven tree species were selected
based on the availability and suitability of the sites, i.e Gaharu
(Aquilaria malaccensis), Surian Wangi (Toona sureni),
Medang Bangking (Litsea cubeba), Pulai Bukit (Alstonia
angustiloba), Seraya Banjutan (Shorea multiflora), Magas
(Duabanga mollucana) and Menghilan (Agathis borneensis).
In the last 10 months after planting, 98% of survival were
recorded. However, it appeared that most seedlings do not
look healthy and growth performance is found to be slow.
Moreover, occurrence of rapid shoot die back were noted
followed by single or multiple-coppice shoot developing either
at the base or mid of still living stem sections.
iv. Restoration of burnt vegetation on coastal sandstone hill
at Siaunggau Forest Reserve
The planting trials initiated at Siaunggau Forest Reserve
is to demonstrate the growth and survivorship of several
native tree species on previously Acacia-dominated stands.
For the last nine years, a series of restoration trails were
established using selected native tree species i.e. Sempilau
Laut (Gymnostoma nobilis), Nyatoh Sidang (Palaquium
leiocarpum), Melapi agama (Shorea agami), Selangan
Lima Urat (Hopea pentanervia), Seraya Banjutan (Shorea
multiflora), Seraya Lopa (Shorea parvistipulata), Seraya
Langgai (Shorea beccariana), Nyatoh Sidang (Palaquium
rostratum) and Menghilan (Agathis borneensis), were
conducted. All species demonstrated favourable growth and
survival.
v. Tree phenological observations
There was generally very poor flowering and fruiting of
dipterocarps and non-dipterocarps tree species for the
year 2008. In Sepilok-Kabili Forest Reserve aberrance
phenological events occurred with some dipterocarps tree
flowering 2-3 times during the year. Most of the tree observed
to flower, were not either able to produce viable seeds, or
were heavily predated on before reaching maturity. Pioneer
trees such as laran, binuang and magas were observed to
produce considerable fruit-set in 2008 as shown in Table 30.2.
Special Assignments & Activities
Establishment of continuous forest inventory system for
Deramakot and Tangkulap-Pinangah Forest Reserves
The Silviculture Section continued to lead the establishment
of the continuous forest inventory system (CFI) for Deramakot
and Tangkulap-Pinangah (FMU 17A). This involved the
remeasurement of ‘permanent inventory lines’ as scheduled in
their respective Management Plans. These inventory lines are
measured every 5 years in order to monitor the development
of commercial timber stocking, and validate growth projections
that were made for the purpose of yield regulation . During
the year, permanent inventory lines were established for 10
compartments (Table 30.3).
Table 30.3: Compartments for which permanent inventory lines
were set up in 2008
FMU
Compartment No.
Deramakot
1, 9, 62, 105, 114
Tangkulap-Pinangah (FMU17A)
16, 31, 32, 33, 49
Forest restoration in the Mersuli Forest Reserve
In 2007, the Silviculture Section was assigned to plan and
carry out forest restoration within the Mersuli Forest Reserve,
near Lahad Datu. About 420 ha (or 70 %) of the Mersuli
Forest Reserve was encroached and illegally cultivated with
agricultural crops. Site preparation began in April. As part of the
restoration plan, 320 ha of oil palms were destroyed. Funding
for this project was provided by a USA-based organization
called Land Empowerment Animals & People (LEAP), as well
as the Federal Government of Malaysia, through the Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment.
Assessment of log-fisher operations in the Malua Forest
Reserve under RIL
The Silviculture Section carried out an assessment of logfisher operations in the Malua Forest Reserve. It was the first
time that this new technique of log extraction is employed in
Sabah. Log-fishers have been found to be suitable for logging
on steep terrain. In addition, it has the advantage of extended
reach beyond that permitted for crawler tractors (i.e. 30 m).
This feature reduces the need for skid trail construction,
thereby reducing soil disturbance. However, the improved
extraction rate may lead to greater residual stand damage.
The operational cost of using the log-fisher was estimated to
be about RM 492 ha-1.
Timimbang Forest Reserve Management Plan
The Silviculture Section was given the task to formulate a
forest management plan for the Timimbang Forest Reserve
(including VJR Botitian). This involved an area of about 11,000
ha. Field inventory was completed in November. The Plan is
expected to be completed in June 2009.
Table 30.2: Record of fruiting events observed in 2008
Region
East
coast
Interior
278
Annual Report 2008
District
Beluran
Lahad Datu
Kinabatangan
Kunak
Crocker Range
Ranau, Pinangah
Ranau, Pinangah, Tambunan
Species
Octomeles sumatrana
Neolamarckia cadamba
Terminalia copelandii
Dracontomelon dao
Octomeles sumatrana
Duabangga moluccana
Vernacular
Family
Fruiting (month)
Binuang
Laran
Talisai paya
Sengkuang
Binuang
Laran
Magas
Dasticaceae
Rubiaceae
Combretaceae
Anacardiaceae
Dasticaceae
Rubiaceae
Sonneratiaceae
Jan-Feb
Jan-Feb
March-April
March-April
Jan-Feb
Jan-Feb
Jan-Feb
Sepilok Arboretum/Forest Conservation
Daily routine/Activities at the Garden
Routine works maintenance (cleaning/clearing, slashing,
grass cutting, etc.) surrounding the main facilities of Sepilok
Arboretum and the Arboretum boundary were carried out.
These areas include Sepilok Arboretum Field Office, RDC trail
(lakeside trail, pitta trail, belian trail, kingfisher trail and ridge
trail) & Garden, Orchid garden, trail network of the Arboretum,
and trail to Canopy Walkway. Routine work at the garden,
includes weeding, watering, fertilizing, plant replacement,
pest & diseases studies, labeling, and plants maintenance.
RMK9 Biayaan Kerajaan Persekutuan (Pembangunan
Kawasan Pemeliharaan Hutan) Rainforest Discovery
Centre
This federal government project is under the supervision of Dr.
Robert C. Ong, which is directly under the Director’s office.
Systematic arrangement of visitor centre (with proper tickets
counter) and the garden pathway are in place. Construction of
Tower Reception Centre in the vicinity of Sepilok Arboretum
is in progress. The third canopy tower (the Hornbill tower) is
now completed.
Research activities - Field Works/Out-stations/Visits
There were several out-station and field works (research work
related to mangroves) in the year 2008 mainly in the area of
Sandakan, Tawau, Kunak, Semporna, Tuaran, Putatan and
Kota Kinabalu. Studies involved were mangroves vegetation
survey, mangroves regeneration survey and collection of
propagules/seeds for mangroves nursery. Research Assistant
involved in the mangroves project are Soinin Satman, Jamiss
Aribin, Dauni Seligi and Lajius Ganang.
Aerial view of Sibyte mangroves
Whereas the garden team lead by RA Jamirus Jumian
made several out-stations and field works (i.e. collections
of plants material & research work related to orchid garden
development) in the year 2008 mainly in the districts of Ranau,
Tambunan, Kota Kinabalu, Keningau, Tenom, Nabawan
and Sook. The target area is mainly forest reserves. Up to
December 2008, a total of 1,445 individual orchids (with 303
species) were collected and raised in the garden.
New record of Bulb-belliae orchids collected from Telupid areas
279
Environmental Education Unit
Since its grand opening by the Prime Minister in August 2007,
the RDC is fast becoming the centre of attraction among VIPs.
This is a positive sign that the RDC could further develop as a
prominent tourist destination in Sabah.
However, Environmental Education remains the main
focus of RDC. We received numerous school groups, not only
locals but also international groups. We also participated in
a few exhibitions that the department was involved in. The
total number of visitors this year including student groups was
12,299. Of these, 8,466 were locals, 2,675 were foreigners
and 1,158 were official visitors (non-paying). Total ticket
collection was RM 51,581.00. Visitors mainly came during
the weekends and public holidays. At present, local visitors
exceed foreign tourists. This could be a good indicator that
RDC is a popular weekend destination for the locals. In that
sense, RDC also promotes domestic tourism. Overall, 2008
has been a fruitful and busy year at the RDC.
EE Programme for students
This year, 45 school groups, with a total of 2,791 students,
accompanied by 307 teachers and parents participated in our
EE programmes. Most of these programmes were conducted
at the RDC and some at the Mangrove Discovery Centre,
Sepilok Laut. October was the busiest month with 8 school
groups, totalling 449 students and 51 accompanying teachers
and parents. There were two international student groups,
one from Japan and the other from Hong Kong.
We also continued our environmental education exchange
programme through TV conferencing with the Kiyosato
Environmental Experiment Project (KEEP). Two sessions
were held this year. A total of about 80 children (age: 1012 years) in Japan and in Sandakan participated in the two
sessions in February and June.
The EERace: Teachers’ Course in Environmental
Education
Although we planned to organise two EERaces this year,
we only managed to have one on the 28th April to the 3rd of
May, due to many major events that took place at the RDC.
Thirty two teachers from Sandakan were trained during this
course. This Course was co-organised by Forestry (RDC),
Wildlife Department, Education Department (PPD Sandakan),
HUTAN and Reef Guardian. Up to now, 734 teachers have
been trained in Environmental Education through our courses.
World Environment Day (WED) 2008
WED was celebrated on a smaller scale this year due to the
overwhelming number of big events hosted by SFD at the
RDC. Activities involved a colouring competition for primary
and secondary school students and an open treasure hunt for
visitors. About 200 people participated in the event.
Malaysian Environmental Education Conference
Another big event we organised this year was the Malaysian
Environmental Education Conference or my.EE.conference.
This conference was co-organised by Sabah Forestry
Department, Environmental Protection Department, WWF
Malaysia, Sabah Wildlife Department, Sabah Education
Department, HUTAN and Sabah Parks.
The RDC played the key role on behalf of the department.
A total of 92 delegates and 30 speakers participated in the 4
day-3 night conference from the 17th to the 20th of November,
2008. The event took place at the RDC. Post conference tours
were held at Tabin Wildlife Reserve, the Mangrove Discovery
Centre (MDC) at Sepilok Laut and a few villages nearby the
MDC in the Sandakan harbour.
Other events we were involved in
Besides events organised by the EE Unit and the department,
we were also involved in the Sekolah Rakan Alam Sekitar
or SERASI and Sekolah LESTARI-Anugerah Alam Sekitar.
Bernadette Joeman was appointed as one of the judges for
the National Level Awards.
We were also involved in a few exhibitions, namely the
Sabah Development Corridor at Sepanggar Port and the Ulu
Segama-Malua exhibition at Pacific Sutera, Kota Kinabalu.
In June, RDC participated in the Forest Research Centre
(FRC) Open Day. Among the attractions at RDC were tree
climbing, paddle-boat rides, the Plant Discovery Garden and
the Rainforest Discovery Trail.
Zoom Malaysia, a domestic tourism campaign was
launched at the RDC on the 29th of November by the Federal
Minister of Tourism, Datuk Azalina Othman Said. At the same
time, the Sandakan Bird Fair was also held for two days. RDC
staff were involved hands-on in both the events.
EEP for Kindergarten
Hands-on games not only make learning fun for these young children,
but it helps them better understand the environmental message we are
trying to get across.
280
Annual Report 2008
At RDC, staffs are trained to interact with children of all ages in
order to make their learning experience a memorable one.
EEP for Primary School
Even accompanying teachers made some new discoveries at the
RDC.
For these SK Taman Rimba students, ‘Bingo’ game in the Plant
Discovery Garden was a fun way to learn about plants.
EEP for Secondary school
SMK Jambatan Putih, Tawau learning about
fish farming at Kg. Assam, Sepilok Laut
Sepilok Junior Rangers activities in 2008
Discovering the environment with the help of a friend
is a lot of fun
Regular EE programmes for these young Rangers are a very important
continuous effort in educating them about the environment around them.
281
World Environmental Day (WED) 2008
World Environment Day (WED) celebration at the RDC. Besides
treasure hunts, many children participated in the colouring and
drawing competition.
The RDC participated in the World Environment Day 5-day long
programme organised by HUTAN in Sukau. Picture shows a UPM
student undergoing practical training at RDC, showing some hands-on
activities to the children.
Other Events We Were Involved In
Bernadette Joeman with the SERASI judges team for the final
round at SMK Lohan, Ranau
Bernadette Joeman at the LESTARI training for judges at the National
Level competition
Other Events We Were Involved In
IPS trainees playing an ice-breaking environmental game called
“Who am I?”
282
Annual Report 2008
The RDC hosted and trained 5 UPM students on practical attachment
in 2008.
Malaysian Environmental Education Conference 2008 (MEEC)
Sepilok Jr. Rangers perform a song called ‘Heal the World’ during the
opening of the conference
YB. Datuk Elron Alfred Angin (Assistant Minister of Tourism, Culture
and Environment) signs and puts his palm print on the banner in
support of the pledge to look after the environment
Bernadette Joeman at the LESTARI training for judges in the National
Level competition
Kitchen waste composting workshop
Post-conference tour: This was no ordinary tour. Participants got a chance to
learn hands-on daily regarding activities of the villages such as making nipah
thatch
Post-conference trip also included a trip to Tabin Wildlife Reserve at
Tabin’s Lipad mud volcano
Environmental Education games Workshop was conducted by
Ms. Jocelyn Maluda of the Kota Kinabalu Wetlands Centre
The Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID) conducted the
workshop on water quality monitoring
283
Environmental Education Programme conducted in 2008
Date
Environmental Education Programme
12 Jan
• EE Programme for Arima Senior High School, Sanda City, Japan. (35 students, 3 teachers).
21 Jan
• EE Programme Sepilok Jr. Ranger. (12 students).
21 Jan
• EE Programme for Tabika KEMAS Sepilok. (25 children, 2 teachers).
4 Feb
• EE Pogramme for SMK Sandakan. (25 students, 1 teacher).
th
st
st
th
9 - 11 Feb
th
th
• Exchange Programme with Kiyosato Environmental Experiment Project, Japan. (21 Sepilok Jr. Ranger, 8 facilitators).
13 , 20 & 27 Feb • Organised a series of activity on Treasure Hunt for trainees from Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN). (345 trainee, 26 trainer).
th
th
th
24th Feb
• EE Programme from SMK Elopura Bestari. (200 students, 2 teachers).
1st Mar
• EE Programme for SK Taman Rimba, Sandakan (40 students, 4 teachers)
9th Mar
• EE Programme for SM Yu Yuan. (12 students, 2 teachers).
12th Mar
• EE Programme for University Malaysia Sabah, UMS, (27 students, 3 lecturers).
25th Mar
• Charity work from SMK Sandakan. (15 students, 2 teachers).
29th Mar
• EE Programme for SMK Muhibbah. (42 students, 3 teachers).
19 April
• EE Programme for SMK Agama Sandakan. (100 students, 10 teachers).
22 April
• EE Programme for Hong Kong International School, lead by Megah Travel Sdn. Bhd. (122 students, 12 teachers).
th
nd
7 , 14 & 28 May • Organised a series of activity on Treasure Hunt for trainees from Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN). (345 trainee, 26 trainers).
th
th
th
10th May
• EE Programme for St. Michael Church. (39 kids, 11 facilitators)
26 May
• EE Programme for SM Sung Siew. (40 students, 1 teachers).
th
27 May
th
3rd - 5th June
20th - 22nd June
21 June
st
• EE Programme for Tadika Kasih Sayang DORKAS. (85 childrens, 30 adults).
• EE Programme for SMK Jambatan Putih, Tawau. This group also trekking to Sepilok Laut Receptions Centre for mangrove activity.
(53 students, 7 teachers).
• Exchange Programme with Kiyosato Environmental Experiment Project, Japan. (20 Sepilok Jr. Ranger, 10 facilitators).
• Charity work and EE Programme with SMK Perempuan, Sandakan. (70 students, 1 teacher).
5 July
• EE Programme for SK St. Monica (Good Shepherd Discovery Club). (67 students, 14 teachers).
26 July
• EE Programme for SMK Muhibbah, co-organised with Information Department, Sandakan (20 students, 10 teachers).
26 July
• EE Programme for SJK © Yuk Choi. (90 students, 26 teachers).
28 July
• EE Programme for SMK Tongod. (36 students, 4 teachers).
1st Aug
• EE Programme for SMK Beluran. (50 students, 7 teachers).
2 Aug
• EE Programme for SK Kg. Pertanian. (35 students, 5 teachers).
20 Aug
• EE Programme for SMK Libaran. (50 students, 4 teachers).
27 Aug
• EE Programme for Taski Abim. (81 kids, 7 teachers).
30 Aug
• EE Programme for SK Muhibbah. (45 students, 2 teachers).
9 Sept
• Talk on ‘A Guide to Choosing Your Career’ for SMK St. Michael. (40 students, 6 teachers).
16 Sept
• EE Programme for SK Chung Hwa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. (72 students, 9 teachers).
th
th
th
th
nd
th
th
th
th
th
7th Oct
• EE Programme for Tabika Kemas Kg. Dandulit. (16 kids, 2 teachers)
8th Oct
• EE Programme for Tabika Kemas Rancangan Luboh. (27 kids, 2 teachers)
16th Oct
• EE Programme for SK Karamunting. (101 students, 12 teachers).
24th Oct
• EE Programme for SM Yu Yuan. (85 students, 8 teachers).
25th Oct
• EE Programme for Island School in Sandakan – Dear Camp of UNICEF. (101 students, 14 teachers).
28th Oct
• EE Programme for SK St. Mary’s Bandar. (35 students, 3 teachers).
29th Oct
• EE Programme for Sk Sg. Anib 1. Students UPSR. (34 students, 6 teachers).
30th Oct
• EE Programme for SMK Elopura II. (50 students, 4 teachers).
20 Nov
• EE Programme for Girl Guide Sabah. Educational visit in conjunction with Pesta Pandu Puteri Tunas 2008, Sabah Level.
th
(43 students, 12 teachers)
5 - 9 Dec
th
284
th
• The BRATS: Young Journalist STAR program at RDC & MDC. (40 students, 7 facilitators)
Annual Report 2008
Special interest groups to RDC in 2008
Date
Events
23rd Jan
A guided tour to the RDC for the Yang Di Pertuan Agong of Malaysia’s flight crew. (Guided by Bernadette & Hubert).
1st Feb
The US Ambassador to Malaysia (James Keith) visited the RDC (Guided by Datuk Sam Mannan, Hubert & Bernadette).
15 Feb
Borneon Biodiversity & Ecosystem Conservation Programme (BBEC II) CTA and 4 others visited RDC.
1st Mar
i. Perbadanan Hidupan Liar & Taman Negara Johor. (Guided by Bernadette & Hubert).
ii. Phillipine group.
25th Mar
Sarawak group on educational tour to RDC (47 participants).
28th Mar
BBEC officials visit RDC.
15 Apr
Peninsular Malaysia Forestry Department group visits RDC.
th
th
1 May
Anglican Church group visit.
16th May
BBEC officials visit RDC.
19th May
EE Programme for IKEA staff, Peninsula Malaysia. (20 participants).
st
1 June
Prime Minister & wife visit the RDC in preparation for “Hutan Malaysia”
1st July
Visit by former Chief Minister of Sabah, Tan Sri Chong Kah Kiat.
15th July
Educational visit by PACOS (10 staff).
16th July
JICA’s Mr. Arasaki & Ms. Fujita visit RDC.
22 July
5 Sarawak Forestry Department staff visit RDC.
24 July
40 officers of Jabatan Pertanian visited RDC.
6th Aug
23 Japanese teachers visited RDC.
7 Aug
13 Japanese teachers visited RDC.
st
nd
th
th
9 Aug
4 officers from Landskap Negara did a recce for Hutan Malaysia Festival.
15th Aug
Visit by senior citizens group from Sandakan.
23 Aug
Educational visit from Rumah Warga Tua, Sandakan. (12 adults).
4 Sept
Mr. Bill Wiggin (Shadow Minister for Agriculture & Fisheries UK), visited the RDC.
th
rd
th
Workshops, seminars, courses, visits and others attended by staff
Date
14 -16 Jan
th
th
Events
Traditional Knowlegde Workshop
Place
Kuala Lumpur
Who attended
Bernadette Joeman
21st Jan
Santapan bersama Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang Dewan Hakka, Sandakan
DiPertuan Agong Malaysia
Bernadette Joeman
G. Hubert Petol
29th Jan
Prepared posters and participated in the Sabah Development Sepanggar Port,
Corridor (SDC) exhibition
Kota Kinabalu
Bernadette Joeman
G. Hubert Petol
3rd Mar
BBEC Public Awareness Component Workshop
Kota Kinabalu
Bernadette Joeman
Staff study trip to prepare for EERace III
Lankayan Island, Sandakan All education staff of RDC
19 - 20 Mar
th
th
6th -10th Apr
Kursus Penilai Kebangsaan Sekolah Lestari, Anugerah Alam Hotel Legacy, Malacca
Sekitar
Bernadette Joeman
29th July
ICT Seminar
Mayliza Good
Loraiti Lolin@Cecilia
14th Aug
Prepared posters and participated in the Ulu Segama-Malua Pacific Sutera Hotel,
exhibition
Kota Kinabalu
G. Hubert Petol
Sho Arasaki
Loraiti Lolin@Cecilia
Nur Hussaira Hussien (volunteer)
29th Nov
Launching of Zoom Malaysia
All RDC staff involved
Sabah Hotel, Sandakan
RDC
Talks, seminar &courses conducted in 2008 by RDC staff
Date
17 April
th
28th April – 3rd
May
Events
Introduction to EE
Place
Deramakot FR
For Who
IPS trainees
EERace III: Kursus Pendidikan Alam Sekitar Untuk Guru- RDC & Mangrove Discovery 32 Secondary School Teachers from
guru.
Centre (MDC), Sepilok Laut Sandakan
285
Plant Diversity Programme
Systematic Botany
Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (TFSS) Project
This is a national collaborative project between the Sabah and
Sarawak Forestry Departments and Forest Research Institute
of Malaysia, which commenced in 1992. The objectives of
the project are to document and update taxonomic status
of all tree species that occur in Sabah and Sarawak as well
as to upgrade local expertise in plant taxonomic research.
By the end of 2008, six (6) volumes of the flora containing
72 families were published. The sixth volume was published
in 2007, which contains four tree families (Cunoniaceae,
Hernandiaceae, Meliaceae and Polygalaceae) comprising
18 genera and 180 species. Of these 180 species, 22 taxa
(species, subspecies and varieties are new to science). So
far the project has recorded 1,725 species and 268 genera
from Borneo. Of these, 432 species are endemic to Sabah
and Sarawak (or Borneo). Botanists involved in the project
are John B. Sugau (Theaceae), Joan T. Pereira (Rothmannia,
Rubiaceae) and Suzana Sabran (Ternstroemia, Theaceae).
As part of the activities under TFSS, one botanical
expedition to Mt. Wullersdorf and Mt Pock Forest Reserves
was organized in May 2008. Short botanical trips to various
places were made subsequently to this expedition, namely,
Kinabalu Park (Mesilau) and Crocker Range (Rafflesia FR
and Sub-station Alab).
Botanical Research & Herbarium Management System
(BRAHMS)
BRAHMS is an information system for managing botanical
and herbarium data. Data entry of herbarium specimens
commenced on 20th Jan 1998, following the format used by
FRIM. Three contract personnel were engaged and paid by the
state-funded project, ‘Penubuhan Rangkaian Pangkalan data
Biodiversiti Sabah’ to speed up the data entry. Up to the end
of 2008, most of the Sabah collection (112,892) records have
been imported into BRAHMS database proper. Meanwhile,
55,000 records from outside of Sabah have been entered into
BRAHMS-RDE file, thereafter the data will be cleaned and
imported to the database proper.
Collection And Identification Of Orchid Specimens For
Sandakan And Sabah Parks Herbaria
This project commenced in 2003 and aims to collect orchid
specimens from Sabah and update their identification. This
will eventually contribute to the documentation of orchid flora
and further, the development of an orchid database for Sabah.
Identification work has been assigned to Mr. Anthony Lamb,
a Horticulturist and Botanical Advisor. A total of 310 orchid
specimens at the Sandakan Herbarium have been identified
for the year 2008.
Projek Pengurusan Dan Pemuliharaan Hutan Paya Laut
Secara Berkekalan Di Sabah: Komponen Penyelidikan
dan Pembangunan - Inventory Flora Bakau
This project aims to produce a management plan for the
sustainable management and conservation of mangroves
in Sabah. One of the components of this project is to carry
out an inventory of the mangrove flora in Sabah. The project
commenced in 2008. Up to the end of 2008, seven mangrove
forest reserves, namely, Abai, Balambangan, Batu Mapun
VJR, Kuala Segama & Kuala Meruap, Sulaman Lake, Tawau,
Trusan Kinabatangan have been surveyed.
Heart of Borneo Project (HoB)–and Botanical Expedition
This project begun in 2008 and aims to ensure the effective
management of forest resources and conservation of a network
of protected areas, productive forests and other sustainable
land-uses within an area (called “Heart of Borneo”). Scientific
expeditions have been organized to inventorise selected
areas, including related corridor/buffer to identify conservation
targets. By the end of 2008, four forest reserves, namely,
Kuamas, Lipaso, Tawai and Ulu Telupid within the so called
‘Telupid Complex’ have been surveyed.
Scientific Visitors
i. Yahud Hj. Wat, Sarawak Forestry Department, Sarawak
(TFSS)
ii. Ian Turner, RBG Kew, England (Annonaceae)
iii. Ko Harada, Echime University, Japan (Research)
iv. Kohjyu Kishimoto, Echime University, Japan (Research)
v. George Staples, Herbarium Singapore Bot. Garden
(Convulvulaceae)
vi. S.K. Ganesan, National Park Board, Singapore
(Annonaceae)
vii. Ng Tze Peng, National Park Board, Singapore
(Annonaceae)
viii. Puziah Hashim, SIRIM, Malaysia (Research)
ix. Sarifah Rejab, SIRIM, Malaysia (Research)
x. Yoshihiro Nakashima, Tabin (Research)
Status Of The Herbarium Holdings
i. Herbarium holdings:
Number of accessions
189,724
Number of specimen sheets
263,015
Number of spirit collections
3,799
Number of carpological collection
1,724
ii. Exchange Position:
Herbarium
Herbarium, Forestry Department, Brunei
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, UK
Herbarium, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
National Herbarium Nederland, Leiden, The Nederland
Herbarium, Sarawak Forestry Department
Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore
Herbarium Borneensis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Herbarium, New South Wales (NWS), Australia
Total
Annual Report 2008
75
312
283
77
231
171
-
78
29
959
32
52
4
1,202
1,154
iii. Number of specimens sent on loan
Herbarium
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
Herbarium, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia
National Herbarium Nederland, Leiden, The Nederland
Herbarium, Missouri Botanical Gardens
Aberdeen
Herbarium, Sarawak Forestry Department
Herbarium Borneensis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore
Total
286
Specimens Specimens
Sent
Received
No. of Specimens
Sent
162
12
142
87
107
6
24
78
618
Insect Diversity Programme
Research and Activities
Comparison of Biodiversity in Various Habitat Types in
Sabah by using Insects as Indicators
This is an on-going project comparing the biodiversity mainly
in primary forests, logged forests, tree plantations, oil palm
plantations, etc. in Sabah using insects (e.g. moth/ butterfly
fauna) as bioindicators. It is also done in collaboration
with scientists overseas particularly those from the United
Kingdom, at Danum Valley and elsewhere. Impacts of forest
conversion and fragmentation are being studied.
and biogeography of various islands in Sabah, in relation to
Borneo mainland, by using moths as indicators. The diversity
will be measured using Williams Alpha, and compared by
using Preston’s coefficient of faunal resemblance.
Diversity of Fireflies in Mangrove and Riverine Forests of
Sabah
Fireflies are an important element in eco-tourism. This project
looks at the taxonomy, distribution, abundance, biology and
The Moon Moth (Actias maenas Doubleday)
The large, charismatic firefly, Lychnuris opaca from Kionsom
(Picture by Chey Vun Khen)
display trees of the firefly species along the mangrove and
riverine forests of Sabah. Gregarious fireflies as well as those
which occur singly are being studied.
Biodiversity and Biogeography Studies between Sabah
Islands and Mainland Sabah (as indicated by the Moth
Fauna)
This on-going study is conducted to investigate the biodiversity
Forest Insect Museum
The Forest Insect Museum in the Entomology Section
houses the biggest insect collection in Sabah with more than
133,000 mounted specimens and 13,300 identified species
by the end of 2008. The collection is expanding, especially
on moths (with additional montane specimens from the Moths
of Mount Kinabalu project in collaboration with the University
of York), Isoptera, Coleoptera and Formicidae. The Museum
is a reference centre for various researchers and students
from both local and foreign institutions. Construction of a
new fire-proof insect museum with steel compactor system is
underway under the 9th Malaysia Plan.
Plantation Silviculture Programme
Plantation
The Forest Plantation Section was involved in various
research activities in 2008. The final assessment for the
“Gaharu Project: Inducement of Gaharu for Commercial
Production Through Patented Technology” has been carried
out in December 2008. Treated trees show signs of resin
formation
Under the RMK-9 state project, an area of 4 hectares
in Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve has been planted with
Paraserianthes falcataria. In the same year as a part of the
RMK-9 federal project, 4 Aquilaria sp. research plots with
a total area of 0.5 hectare have been established in Gum
Gum Forest Reserve and Lungmanis Forest Reserve. These
research plots will be used to facilitate further research on
Gaharu silvicultural treatment and inoculation technique.
Gaharu tree showing signs of resin formation
287
(Above) A study tour to Gum Gum Forest Reserve by students from
University Malaysia Sabah.(Left)
(Left) Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings planted in Segaliud
Lokan Forest Reserve
Inventories had been carried on various plots throughout the year in Kolapis A, Kota Marudu, Kundasang, and Sook.
Summary of growth assessments as of 2008 is shown in the Table 30.4 below.
Table 30.4: Summary of plantation species trials assessment as of 2008
288
R.P No.
Plot No.
Location
Species
Date
Planted
Spacing (m)
Height (m)
Hgt MAI
(m/yr)
Diameter
(cm)
Dbh MAI
(cm/yr)
121
B
Mandahan
2004
5.00 X 5.00
3.76
0.94
2.6
0.65
121
BA
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
36.09
0.82
64.82
1.47
121
BB
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
36.44
0.83
69.83
1.59
121
BC
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
33.05
0.75
57.61
1.31
121
BD
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
41.97
0.95
80.76
1.84
121
BE
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
37.43
0.85
61.62
1.4
121
BF
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
39.28
0.89
87.67
1.99
121
BG
Mandahan
1964
13.0 X 5.50
41.36
0.94
72.75
1.65
121
A
Mandahan
2004
3.00 x 3.00
4.48
1.12
3.21
0.8
76
A
Kota Marudu
Tectona grandis
1920
3.00 x 3.00
36.23
0.41
63.72
0.72
76
B
Kota Marudu
Tectona grandis
1920
3.00 x 3.00
32.02
0.36
69.84
0.79
75
12
Kundasang
Pinus patula
1963
2.44 x 2.44
25.66
0.57
53.38
1.19
75
13
Kundasang
Pinus merkusii
1963
2.44 x 2.44
31.92
0.71
48.51
1.08
75
15
Kundasang
Pinus kesiya
1963
2.44 x 2.44
24.61
0.55
45.05
1
75
16
Kundasang
Pinus kesiya
1963
2.44 x 2.44
24.44
0.54
54.35
1.21
75
17
Kundasang
Pinus insularis
1963
2.44 x 2.44
26.6
0.59
50.29
1.14
75
18
Kundasang
Pinus elliottii
1963
2.44 x 2.44
13.28
0.3
23.74
0.53
75
19
Kundasang
Pinus occidentalis
1963
2.44 x 2.44
23.94
0.53
44
0.98
1997(1)
Kundasang
Araucaria cunninghamii
1997
5.00 x 5.00
7.66
0.7
13.67
1.24
75B
1
Kundasang
1964
2.44x2.44
18.47
0.42
46.3
1.05
75B
2
Kundasang
Pinus caribaea
1964
2.44x2.44
27.87
0.63
39.72
0.9
Annual Report 2008
.....continued
R.P No.
Plot No.
Location
Species
Date
Planted
Spacing (m)
Height (m)
Hgt MAI
(m/yr)
Diameter
(cm)
Dbh MAI
(cm/yr)
146
2A
Sosopodon
Pinus caribaea
1967
2.44x2.44
34.14
0.83
64.28
1.57
Sosopodon
Melaleuca cajuputi
1964
2.44x2.44
15.41
0.35
30.8
0.7
Rp146
94
Sosopodon
1994
5.00x10.00
6.22
0.44
9.86
0.7
Rp146
1A/1
Sosopodon
Pinus caribaea
1967
2.44x2.44
29.45
0.72
60.56
1.48
Rp146
2B
Sosopodon
Pinus caribaea
1964
2.44x2.44
33.21
0.75
46.2
1.05
Rp146
1A2/2L
Sosopodon
1964
2.44x2.44
35.61
0.81
49.8
1.13
Rp146
2J
Sosopodon
Pinus caribaea
1964
2.44x2.44
27.02
0.61
45.62
1.04
Jln. Victor
Shorea parvifolia
1991
4.00x5.00
14.26
0.84
11.8
0.69
91D
90A
Sg. Salid
1990
3.00x4.00
15.66
0.87
22.79
1.27
92C3
Ext Kpt 93G
1992
2.00x5.00
11.21
0.7
12.29
0.77
91A
Jln. Matius
Maesopsis eminii
1991
2.00x3.00
26.29
1.55
21.14
1.24
92C2
Ext Kpt 73G
Acacia mangium
1992
2.00x5.00
30.65
1.92
15.95
1
92C2
Ext Kpt 73G
Acacia mangium
1992
2.00x5.00
28.92
1.81
20.85
1.3
90B
Jln. Madu
Acacia mangium
1990
2.00x3.00
39.38
2.19
24.4
1.36
90B
Jln. Madu
Acacia mangium
1990
2.00x3.00
34.43
1.91
25.53
1.42
91B11
Jln. Madu
1991
3.00x3.00
13.73
0.81
17.07
1
91B11
Jln. Madu
1991
3.00x3.00
15.73
0.93
17.1
1.01
91B3
Jln. Madu
Acacia mangium
1991
3.00x3.00
21.37
1.26
15.67
0.92
91B3
Jln. Madu
Acacia mangium
1991
3.00x3.00
22.95
1.35
16.94
1
92C1
Sook
Acacia mangium
1992
2.00x5.00
32.48
2.03
19.1
1.19
92C1
Sook
Acacia mangium
1992
2.00x5.00
29.62
1.85
18.33
1.15
95B
Jln. Victor
Shorea leprosula
1995
3.00x3.00
7.55
0.58
9
0.69
0.62
95B
Jln. Victor
Shorea leprosula
1995
3.00x3.00
5.44
0.42
8.04
155/01
Km. 46 Tunggol
1968
2.44x2.44
17.86
0.45
24.11
0.6
155/02
Km. 46 Tunggol
Pinus caribaea
1968
2.44x2.44
14.25
0.36
24.43
0.61
155/05
Km. 46 Tunggol
Pinus caribaea
1968
2.44x2.44
20.89
0.52
25.89
0.65
155/08
Km. 46 Tunggol
Cruptomeria japanica
1968
2.44x2.44
6.43
0.16
12.13
0.3
1
Rep1
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
4.00x4.00
3.19
1.06
3.52
1.17
1
Rep2
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
4.00x5.00
3.02
1.01
3.46
1.15
1
Rep3
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x5.00
2.4
0.8
2.8
0.93
1
Rep4
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x6.00
2.37
0.79
2.97
0.99
1
Rep5
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x8.00
2.51
0.84
3.61
1.2
2
Rep1
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
4.00x4.00
2.78
0.93
3.89
1.3
2
Rep2
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
4.00x5.00
2.15
0.72
2.39
0.8
2
Rep3
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x5.00
1.74
0.58
2.32
0.77
2
Rep4
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x6.00
3.04
1.01
3.93
1.31
2
Rep5
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x8.00
1.71
0.57
1.6
0.53
3
Rep1
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
4.00x4.00
2.16
0.72
2.73
0.91
3
Rep2
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
4.00x5.00
1.9
0.63
2.35
0.78
3
Rep3
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x5.00
2.1
0.7
1.83
0.61
3
Rep4
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x6.00
0.89
0.3
1.3
0.43
3
Rep5
Kolapis A
Dyera costulata
2005
5.00x8.00
1.27
0.42
1.3
0.43
1
Rep1
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
4.00x4.00
4.33
1.44
4.79
1.6
1
Rep2
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
4.00x5.00
4.54
1.51
5.73
1.91
1
Rep3
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x5.00
1.92
0.64
2.63
0.88
1
Rep4
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x6.00
2.1
0.7
2.41
0.8
1
Rep5
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x8.00
4.16
1.39
4.74
1.58
2
Rep1
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
4.00x4.00
3.05
1.02
3.73
1.24
289
.....continued
R.P No.
Plot No.
Location
Species
Date
Planted
Spacing (m)
Height (m)
Hgt MAI
(m/yr)
Diameter
(cm)
Dbh MAI
(cm/yr)
2
Rep2
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
4.00x5.00
8.87
2.96
12.45
4.15
2
Rep3
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x5.00
10.35
3.45
14.6
4.87
2
Rep4
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x6.00
7.32
2.44
8.95
2.98
2
Rep5
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x8.00
7.69
2.56
9.81
3.27
3
Rep1
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
4.00x4.00
7.02
2.34
9.77
3.26
3
Rep2
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
4.00x5.00
5.61
1.87
7
2.33
3
Rep3
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x5.00
3.23
1.08
3.91
1.3
3
Rep4
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x6.00
2.64
0.88
3.47
1.16
3
Rep5
Kolapis A
Octomeles sumatrana
2005
5.00x8.00
2.09
0.7
2.18
0.73
95D
Jln. Gipal
Casuarina nobilis
1997
8.00x8.00
10.87
0.99
11.7
1.06
122C
Batu 19, Jln
Keningau
Pinus caribaea
1968
2.44x2.44
38.28
0.96
28.94
0.72
98A/1
Ext (73G)
Cinnamomum burmannii
1998
3.00x3.00
8.36
0.84
8.16
0.82
98A/2
Ext (73G)
Cinnamomum burmannii
1998
3.00x3.00
7.71
0.77
8.15
0.82
98A/B3(1)
Ext (73G)
1999
3.00x3.00
9.93
1.1
11.95
1.33
98A/B3(2)
Ext (73G)
1999
3.00x3.00
10.4
1.16
13.79
1.53
92F
Jln. Madu
Tectona grandis
1992
2.00x5.00
9.08
0.57
11.72
0.73
98A/B2(1)
Ext (73G)
Shorea argentifolia
1998
3.00x3.00
6.56
0.66
7.37
0.74
98A/B2(2)
Ext (73G)
Shorea argentifolia
1998
3.00x3.00
4.73
0.47
5.77
0.58
92F1
Jln. Victor
Tectona grandis
1993
3.00x5.00
7.16
0.48
9.86
0.66
Agroforestry
Research Activites
Growth and yield of intercropping high-value timber species with oil palm
Annual measurement activity for timber species continued in June. The FFB data was collected twice a month. The FFB production
in a monocrop system is significantly higher compared to the intercropped system in the 8th production year (Chart 30.1).
Chart 30.1: Yield of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (t/hectare) in the 8th production year
290
Annual Report 2008
Project E-Science (Provenance and progeny trial of Calamus subinermis)
The objectives of this research is to assess the survival and growth performance of the 14-year-old provenance cum progeny trials
of Calamus subinermis rotan in three different sites namely Kolapis A (a logged-over forest), Segaliud Lokan (Acacia mangium
plantation) and Sook (scrub dominated by Baeckia frustescens) in Sabah, Malaysia. High survival percentage (more than 88%)
was observed in Sook while high mortality percentage (more than 60%) was observed in Kolapis A and Segaliud Lokan. The mean
annual growth rate of C. subinermis was 1.47 m/y, 3.72 m/y and 4.09 m/y in Sook, Segaliud Lokan and Kolapis A respectively. The
differences in growth rate between sites and provenances indicated that soil type, planting distance and support tree at different
site affected the overall performance of C. subinermis. The future breeding of C. subinermis will be concentrated on rattans which
have two superior morphological traits i.e with thornless leaf sheath and multiple aerial stem. This project ended in December
2008. Terminal report was submitted to MOSTI.
(Left to right) Multiple aerial stem; Leaf sheath with thorns and thornless leaf sheath
Potential of planting Jatropha curcas as an agroforestry
crop
This project is funded under Projek Perhutanan Masyarakat
Fund (PPM). A 5 ha agroforestry research plot was established
in Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve in December 2008.The
objectives of the research are to test the capability of Jatropha
curcas to grow under an intercropping system, to measure the
fruit production of Jatropha curcas under intercropping system
and to determine the effect of pruning towards fruit production
of Jatropha curcas. Four tree species namely gaharu (Aquilaria
malaccensis), Kapur paji (Dryobalanops lanceolata), laran
(Neolamarckia cadamba) and kapur merah (Dryobalanops
beccarii) were selected for this research based on their fast
growing characteristics and availability of planting materials.
Jatropha curcas
Tree Breeding and Seed Establishment Programme
Tree Breeding
Research Activities
i. Genetic improvement of the pioneers namely
Octomeles sumatrana (binuang) & Neolamarckia
cadamba (laran) – RMK9 project D11 0200 0014
Provenance Trials
• Binuang
There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the height and
dbh growth performance of binuang at the age of 3 years in
both KTS Plantation and Kolapis A (Chart 30.1). In KTS the top
performer in both height and dbh was the ex Segaliud(2) with
11.81 m and 12.47 cm respectively. In Kolapis A, the Kolapis
A(3) and Sg. Babakang (1) seedlots scored top in both height
and dbh with 9.41 m and 10.79 cm respectively.
As of the previous year, in KTS, the poorest performer in
terms of height and dbh was Sg. Meliau with 7.82 m and 8.10
cm respectively. Although it was the top performer in KTS,
the Kolapis A(2) was noted as the worst performer in height
(a mere 7.15 m) in Kolapis A. Meanwhile, Sg Babakang(3)
had the lowest mean dbh in Kolapis A with only 8.48 cm.
Monitoring of plots continue.
291
Chart 30.2: Growth performance of Binuang at 4 years in Kolapis A and KTS (with standard error)
4-year-old Binuang in Kolapis A
292
Annual Report 2008
4-year-old Binuang in KTS (Replicate 4)
There were also significant differences (P<0.05) in the growth performance of the 6 binuang seedlots at the age of 3 years in
Seguntor (Jayakuik Particleboard Sdn. Bhd.) (Chart 30.3).
Chart 30.3: Growth performance of Binuang at 3 years in Seguntor
The ex Segaliud (2), Sg. Muanad(1) and Sg. Babakang(3) outperformed the other seedlots with impressive growth both in height
and dbh (Chart 30.3). The worst performer was the Sg. Meliau with a height of 9.03 m and dbh of 11.20 cm.
Binuang at the third year in Seguntor
293
•
Laran
Apart from the existing Laran plots in Segaliud Lokan (established 2001) and LungManis (established 2005), we also have
one plot in SSSB, Brumas established in 2001. This plot is a replicate of the plot in Segaliud Lokan with additional 2 seed
sources from Taliwas (Taliwas1 and Taliwas2). Chart 30.4 shows the growth performance of the Laran seedlots at 7 years in
SSSB, Brumas. The Taliwas2 had clearly outperformed the other seedlots in both height and dbh with 19.55 m and 28.15 cm
respectively. Tawau9 seedlot appeared to perform exceptionally well with a mean height of 19.08 m and mean dbh of 23.52
cm. Meanwhile, the worst performer in both height and dbh were Sepilok(SEP3309) and Tawau4 with 14.71 m and 16.34 cm
respectively. Monitoring of the plot continues.
Chart 30.4: Mean height and dbh of laran (with standard error) at 7 years in SSSB, Brumas
ii. Provenance Trial of Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W. Theob
At 4 years after planting (Table 30.5), the two Thailand seedlots i.e. Tubsai Pong Namron, Chantaburi and Thasongyang, Tak
did not show significant growth differences in the Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve (KTS Plantation Sdn. Bhd.).
Plot maintenance, monitoring and data collection continue.
Table 30.5: Mean height and dbh of Xylia xylocarpa at 4 years
Seedlot
294
Annual Report 2008
Mean Height (m)
Mean Dbh (cm)
Tubsai Pong Namron
7.99
7.46
Thasongyang
10.44
8.76
Xylia xylocarpa at the fourth year in KTS
Establishment of Seedling Seed Orchards (SSOs) of Laran (Neolamarckia cadamba) and Magas (Duabanga moluccana)
Covering an area of 1.57 ha with 20 seedlots planted at 7 x 7m, the SSO of Laran was successfully established at the LungManis
Forest Reserve (encroached area adjacent to the Malsa Plantations on 2nd April 2008. Subsequently, on May 6th, 2008, a SSO (9
seedlots) of Magas was also established at the forest reserve with similar espacement that covers 0.88 ha of land. These SSOs will
serve as seed sources for the future.
Signboards showing the 2 SSOs in the LungManis Forest Reserve
Vegetative propagation of selected species in the Sandakan Rainforest Park (Kebun Cina)
Table 30.6 shows the available materials collected from Kebun Cina (in form of wildings, cuttings and marcots). Twenty Obah trees
have been planted at the RDC and about the same numbers of mixed species have also been replanted at Kebun Cina.
Table 30.6: List of species collected (and propagated) from Kebun Cina
Species
Dillenia suffruticosa (Simpoh bini)
Shorea multiflora (Banjutan)
Pandanus sp. (Pandan) (2 sources)
Gaertnera junghuhniana
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Karamunting)
Garcinia sp. (Kandis)
Eugenia spp. (Obah)
Ficus sp.
Mixed species (unidentified)
Total
Wildings
4
37
17
58
Stem Cuttings Marcots
93
15
21
3
4
31
4
152
19
295
(Left to right) Wildings of Obah; Rooted cuttings of Pandanus sp; Rooted cuttings of Simpoh and Rooted cutting of Garcinia sp.
Other activities
Two UMS final year students; Ms. Sejalinah bte Sabin and Ms. Deborah Nichol Stephen had their industrial training at our section
from 28th June to 3rd August 2008. They were exposed to working in the field and at the FRC nursery and analyzing data and
presenting their results at a mini seminar held before they returned to UMS. Both students conducted vegetative propagation
studies for their mini projects.
Ms Deborah Nichol Stephen uses Suunto to measure the
tree height while Ms Sejalinah bte Sabin records the data
(Jayakuik, Seguntor)
Barringtonia sp. and Alstonia sp. cuttings prepared by the UMS
students. The results were used in their practical reports.
Our RMK9 project entitled “Genetic improvement of Laran and Binuang” which is a collaborative research of Sabah Forestry
Department and KTS Sdn. Bhd., was shortlisted and selected to be presented in the Anugerah Inovasi Penyelidikan Bersama
Antara Sektor Awam Dengan Sektor Swasta at PICC, Putrajaya on 26th August 2008. We did not win any award but we received a
certificate from MAMPU for this effort.
A paper entitled “Breeding of Laran and Binuang in Sabah: A Bold Initiative” was presented orally at the 15th Malaysian Forestry
Conference held in Kuching, Sarawak on 20th - 24th October 2008.
(Left to right) Kuina Kimjus, Andrew Lee (KTS Plantations Sdn. Bhd.) and Maria Ajik presented the innovation
report at PICC, Putrajaya
296
Annual Report 2008
Seed Research Activities
Phenological Observation
Throughout the year 2008, phenological observations in natural forests recorded that peak fruiting of two dipterocarp species,
namely Dryobalanops lanceolata (Kapur Paji) and Dipterocarpus oblongifolius (Keruing neram) occurred. Kapur Paji’s mature
fruits were found at Mandalom Forest Reserve in July, 2008 (Table 30.7). Keruing neram fruits were collected at Crocker Range
Park, Kimanis from November to December, 2008. For non-dipterocarp tree species, namely Neolamarckia cadamba (Laran) and
Aquilaria beccariana (Gaharu), their fruiting season was consistent as last year. Laran’s mature fruits appeared from November to
December, 2008 and Gaharu’s fruits appeared in a peak fruiting phenomena, fall on November, 2008.
Table 30.7: Phenological Observation in Natural Forests, 2008
Phenological changes
Tree Species
Neolamarckia cadamba (Laran)
Aquilaria beccariana (Gaharu)
Flowering
Non - Dipterocarp tree species
September, 2008
September, 2008
Fruiting
November & December, 2008
8 November
Dipterocarp tree species
Genus Dipterocarpus
- Dipterocarpus oblongifolius (Keruing neram)
Genus Dryobalanops
- Dryobalanops lanceolata (Kapur Paji)
July, 2008
November – December, 2008
February, 2008
July, 2008
The fruiting phenomena for planted trees, namely Acacia mangium, A. crassicarpa and A. peregrinalis were poor (Table 30.8).
All Acacia spp. have early fruit fall in April, 2007 and the seed quality was low due to heavy rain and the age of the trees.
Table 30.8: Phenological Observation in Plantation Forests, 2008
Phenological changes
Tree Species
Flowering
Fruiting
Research plots
Acacia mangium
February 2007
April 2007
Acacia crassicarpa
February 2007
April 2007
Acacia peregrinalis
February 2007
April 2007
Seed Collections
The demand for planting materials for both local and exotic tree species was high in 2008. Local tree species, e.g. Laran and
gaharu were fruiting and seed collections were made. Seven seedlots or in total weight of 0.253 kg of Laran seeds were collected
from Lungmanis Forest Reserve and Gomantong Forest Reserve (Table 30.9). The young Gaharu trees from the JIRCAS plots also
have mast fruiting and mixed bulk of 6.80 kilograms of Gaharu seeds were collected in November, 2008.
Table 30.9: Seed Collections In 2008
Species
Source
Seed
weight
(Laran)
Lungmanis Forest Reserve &
Gomantong Forest Reserve
253.76 gms
Lungmanis Forest Reserve
6,802 gms
Aquilaria beccariana
(Gaharu)
Total
7.05 kg
Fresh Gaharu’s fruit & seeds collected from Lungmanis Forest
Reserve
297
Seed Requests
In 2008, the Seed Section fulfilled 7 requests from
Malaysian consignees, of about 6.80 kilograms of tropical
seeds (Table 30.10). The majority of the requests were made
by the Forest Management Unit/FMU group. There was
also one seed request from Sabah Softwoods Bhd. and two
requests from Biotechnology laboratory and plantation office
of Forest Research Centre. The rest was from the public,
looking for fast growing species, e.g. Laran & Gaharu.
Table 30.10: Phenological Observation in Natural Forests, 2008
Consignees
Number of
Requests
Species
required
Quantity
supplied
Total
charges
Forest Management
Unit (FMU)
3
Gaharu
5,180 g
FOC
Government
(incl. FRC)
2
Laran &
Gaharu
202 g
FOC
2
Gaharu
1420 g
FOC
Other Consignees
(incl. SSB)
Total
6,802 g
The effects of microclimate and seed predators on the
recruitment of mangrove in Sabah
This project is carried out under eScience fund (Project
No: 05-05-09-SF0003) of Ministry of Science & Technology,
Malaysia. The main purpose of this project is to identify the
relationship between the phenological event of mangroves
and the microclimatic variables. Apart from that, the effects
of seed predators, such as crab species on the recruitment
of mangroves will be investigated. In year 2008, or during
the final year of the two year project, 6 mangroves species,
namely Bangkita, Beus, Putut, Mata Buaya and Lenggadai
were recorded for their phenological events as well as the
microclimatic information obtained. The data collection and
analysis of the result has been completed and followed up by
preparation for papers and end project report.
Storage trial on Alstonia angustiloba (Pulai Bukit) seeds
Seeds of Alstonia angustiloba with initial 14% moisture
content were collected from Tanah Merah, Sandakan by
Alexander and his team with 87.5% germinated at 35oC.
Seeds were stored at different temperatures but did not
germinate at 27oC after being stored for 6 months, while 50
– 60% germination occurred at 10o and 16oC. Germination
dropped to 37- 40% after being stored up to 1 year and even
dropped to 20% after stored up to 1 year and 2 months. For
that, the threshold period and temperature for maintaining
high levels of viability of A. angustiloba seeds was only for a
period of 6 months to 1 year at 10o &16oC.
Determination of Storage Behavior for Jatropha Seeds
Seeds of Jatropha with initial 7.3% moisture content were
imported from Peninsular Malaysia and initial tests showed
germination at about 87.5% at 30-35oC. Seeds were stored
at different temperatures, namely -20oC, 16oC, 5oC and 27oC
for 3 months. The germination showed high percentage from
82 - 92% tested under all ranges of germination. Jatropha has
been classified as an “Orthodox Seed” because more than
70% of the seeds are viable under storage of -20oC for 3
months.
Insect Pests and Diseases Programme
Insect Pests
Insect pests of forest plantation trees and potentially
important trees in Sabah
This is an on-going project to document the insect pests of
plantation tree species and potentially important tree species
in Sabah and to evaluate the status of insect pests of plantation
tree species. Surveys on some potentially important plantation
species, such as Octomeles sumatrana, Neolamarckia
cadamba, Terminalia copelandii and Hevea brasiliensis were
conducted. Insect pests of the lesser known tree species were
Damage caused by the social caterpillars on the Laran leaves
Close-up of the social caterpillars Metanastria gemella (Lepidoptera:
Lasiocampidae) which attack Laran (Neolamarckia cadamba)
298
Annual Report 2008
surveyed too in the field and at the nursery. The life cycle
of insect pests was monitored and documented and a few
papers were published, while two papers were presented at
conferences, i.e. the 15th Malaysian Forestry Conference in
Kuching and the 7th International Plant Protection Conference
in Kuala Lumpur.
Insect pest surveys conducted in 2008 were at the KTS
Plantation, Timimbang Forest Reserve, Segaliud Lokan,
Kolapis A, Sg. Manila and other areas within Sandakan.
Briefing and advice on plantation pests were also given to
FMU holders and other stakeholders.
Insect pests in urban forestry
Urban forestry is becoming increasingly important, and lately
the government, private sector as well as NGOs have put much
attention in planting more trees in urban areas in response
to mitigation efforts on climate change and beautification
of the environment. Ornamentals are widely used in urban
landscaping, lining the avenues of towns and cities, decorating
both public and private gardens. They provide shade, cool
the atmosphere and beautify the environment. The purpose
of this project is to document the insect pests of urban
forestry which have not been recorded previously. It is also
to monitor the status of pests in the urban areas, and to find
solutions to problems that occur. For example, monitoring of
pest infestation, e.g. termite attack, is being conducted at the
Sandakan Rainforest Park and the infestation of the Erythrina
gall wasp is being monitored within the Sandakan area. A
paper on insect pests of ornamental plants in Sabah was
presented at the International Plant Protection Conference in
Kuala Lumpur in August, 2008.
Insect pests of mangrove forest species
More than half of the mangroves in Malaysia are distributed
in Sabah, especially at the east coast. They are known to be
an important breeding ground for marine life and a source of
economic livelihood for coastal communities. However, not
much is known about insects associated with the mangrove
forests. Thus, surveys were carried out to investigate
the insects affecting the growth of mangrove species. In
the Sepilok Mangrove Forest Reserve, Coccotrypes sp.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) was recorded
attacking seedlings of two mangrove species. About 60% of
Rhizophora apiculata (Bangkita) seedlings and 7% of Ceriops
tagal (Tengar) seedlings within a 50 x 50 m area died as a
result of the infestation. Documentation on other pests is still
in progress.
Insect pests of an agroforestry crop
In Sabah, the potential biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas, is
planted as an agroforestry crop to alleviate the poverty of
the local communities staying adjacent to forest reserves.
Research is being conducted on this crop, including insect
pests and also diseases. Some preliminary findings were
published, highlighting a leaf miner Stomphastis sp.
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) that attacks J. curcas leaves at
the FRC nursery. Surveys are also being carried out on this
plant in trial plots at Lungmanis and Segaliud Lokan.
Pathology Section
Research Activities
The nettle caterpillar Thosea vetusta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
feeding on the ornamental Ixora coccinea
Damage on a Rhizophora apiculata seedling, caused
by the pin-hole borer Coccotrypes sp. (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae: Scolytinae).
Health assessment of Gaharu trees
Gaharu is a fragrant resinous wood produced from the
gaharu tree, Aquilaria malaccensis. Highly lucrative price
and increasing demand for high grade gaharu in the global
market are threats to the gaharu produced in natural forests.
Thus, commercial production of gaharu using the patented
inducement technology will hopefully relieve the harvesting
pressure of this commodity from natural forests. In this 3-year
project, each organization (FRIM, MINT and SFD) has to set
up demonstration plots. SFD has set up two demonstration
plots, both at Sook, Keningau.
The Pathology Section is involved in assessing the
health condition of the wounded trees. The first wounding
and treatment were conducted in March 2007. A series
of visit to the plot were carried out to monitor the trees. In
March 2008, one tree was cut and evaluated for a preliminary
assessment of the gaharu produced by visual observation,
and later evaluation that focused on quantifying the column
of resin resulting from the inducement treatment. A total of
6 trees were harvested for evaluation in December 2008.
From observations, the harvested trees were not adversely
affected by any serious plant diseases. The final report from
this project will be prepared by Robert A. Blanchette and Joel
A. Jurgens of the University of Minnesota.
Inventory of macro fungi in Sabah
This is an on-going project to document macro fungi that are
collected in Sabah. Samples collected from the field were
photographed and all the features were recorded using the
Kit Skates method (1982) before being dried. As of today, 135
dried specimens were collected and are kept at the Pathology
laboratory.
299
Utilisation of Forest Products Programme
Research Activities
Improving utilisation and value adding of plantation
timbers from sustainable sources in Malaysia:
International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO) funded
project PD 306/04(I).
The determination of wood properties (physical and
mechanical) of teak (Tectona grandis) was carried out as part of
the activities of the International Tropical Timber Organisation
(ITTO) funded project (PD 306/04(1): Improving utilisation
and value adding of plantation timbers from sustainable
sources in Malaysia.
The sampling and tests were performed in accordance to
a manual (a set of harmonized testing methods for the testing
of tropical forest plantation) which was developed through
an intensive literature review on relevant works carried out
elsewhere by the project members. Six trees of 15-year-old
teak were obtained from Boonrich’s plantation in Lahad Datu,
Sabah for the study (Picture below). The average diameter at
Sample trees of teak were obtained from Boonrich’s plantation
breast height (DBH) of sample trees is 29.6 cm.
Data for density variation and percentage of sapwood/
heartwood were obtained and being analysed. It was found
that the average basic density varies between trees and within
trees (from pith to bark and also in longitudinal direction). The
average basic density of the six trees is ranging from 0.496 g/
cm3 to 0.596 g/cm3. The percentage of sapwood ranges from
34% to 55% with most of them less than 40%.
The preparation of microscopic slides for the observation
of microscopic features and fibre morphology works are
in progress. Similarly, the mechanical tests of timber (both
in green and air-dry condition), namely; bending strength,
shear, compression (parallel and perpendicular to grain) and
hardness are in progress and expected to be fully completed
in 2009 (Picture below). The preliminary data of mechanical
wood properties of teak (air-dry condition) is summarized and
presented in Table 30.11.
Mechanical test of timber by using Zwick’s Universal Testing
Machine
Table 30.11: Mechanical wood properties of 15-year-old teak from Boonrich Sdn. Bhd. Lahad Datu, Sabah
No. of Sample
Min.
Max.
Mean
SD
MOR (N/mm2)
R
T
62
62
44.40
69.10
139.00
146.20
104.84
105.51
18.08
13.64
Shear (N/mm2)
R
T
62
62
10.89
12.06
31.32
23.60
16.43
18.57
3.11
2.31
Compression (N/mm2)
62
20.80
56.20
39.37
8.86
Hardness (kN)
R
T
60
56
1.85
1.57
6.01
6.24
3.99
4.11
0.77
0.86
Property*A-D
MOR: Modulus of Rupture, SD: Standard Deviation, R: Radial, T:Tangential: *A-D: Air-Dry Condition
300
Annual Report 2008
Salvaging of logging residues in Deramakot Forest
Reserve (DFR)
The study to quantify the volume of logging residues derived
from a certified forest FMU 19A-Deramakot Forest Reserve
(DFR) was continued in 2008. Throughout the year, a total of
1940 pieces of logging residues were successfully extracted
with the total volume of 1,375.6 m3 (Table 30.12). Overall,
about 83% of the total extracted volume of logging residues
within DFR came from the family of Dipterocarpaceae. Red
Seraya group contributed the highest volume of 346.44 m3 or
25.2 % of the total extracted logging residues.
Table 30.12: Logging residues extracted from Deramakot Forest
Reserve in 2008
Species Group
WS, YS and MP
Keruing
Kapur
Obah Suluk and Red Seraya
No.of Log
443
318
153
549
Merbau
KEM,KSM and NT
Mixed Timber
Selangan Batu
12
64
237
164
Total
1,940
Note :
Volume (m3)
328.46 (23.9 %)
228.89 (16.6 %)
101.89 (7.4 %)
346.44 (25.2 %)
10.39 (0.8 %)
49.91 (3.6 %)
174.74 (12.7 %)
134.79 (9.8 %)
1,375.60
WS - White Seraya, YS - Yellow Seraya, MP- Melapi,
KEM – Kempas, KSM – Kembang Semangkok, NT - Nyatoh
Ethnobotany
Research Activities
Research on ethnobotanical plants in Sabah
i. Prepare a manual on “A Field Guide of Medicinal
Plants of Sabah”
Targeted time to be completed; August 2010
Started September 2008
Status: Completed list of medicinal plants
ii. Develop and manage Ethnobotanical Herbarium
Number of voucher specimens as of Dec 2007 = 1,106
Number of new specimens collected until Dec 2008 = 6
Total New Number as of Dec 2008 = 1,112
iii. Develop and manage Ethnobotanical Garden
A total of 52 plants in 6 families of plants were planted.
Table 30.13 shows the number of seedlings collected as of
Dec 2008 .
Table 30.13: Seedlings collected as of December 2008
Seedlings Species
Eurycoma longifolia
Labisia pumila
Nepenthes gracilis
Morinda citrifolia
Orthosiphon staminaeus
Cinnamomum sp.
Ficus deltoidea
Arenga undulatifolia
Leea indica
Alstonia spathulata
Tetracera indica
Dalbergia sp.
Donax canniformis
Quantity
collected in
2008
134
128
618
13
-
Total
Quantity as at
2008
234
128
618
13
14
58
9
3
6
1
1
3
5
3
Conduct research studies are as follows:
- Survey of mangroves’ ethnobotanical plants.
- Field identification of gaharu seedlings in Sabah.
- Ethnobotany & Phenology Kacip Fatimah.
- Experiment of growing of Tongkat Ali plants form.
- Seeds source.
- Cuttings.
Project Conservation Area Management Plan (CAMP) for
FMU 10 Trus Madi Forest Reserve
- Meetings and workshops attended every month in
Keningau Forestry District office.
- Survey on Nepenthes x trusmadiensis distribution and
population.
- Survey on Rafflesia distributions and population.
Field Works & Expedition
- Manumbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, February 2008.
- Tawau Mangrove Forest Reserve, April 2008.
- Trus Madi Forest Reserve, August 7th - 8th, 2008.
- Survey on Nepenthes x trusmadiensis on Trus Madi from
4th - 7th November, 2008.
Ethnobotanical Garden’s Visitors
i. Students
University students
Local
= 30 persons
Overseas
= 2 persons
Teachers
= 15 persons
ii. Government sector
Teachers
=
Teachers’ Institute =
Doctors and Nurses =
Others
=
iii. Private sector
iv. Public
v. Minister
15 persons
38 persons
15 persons
4 persons
= 1 person
= 2 persons
= 1 person i.e, Datuk V.K. Liew
Total Visitors = 123 persons
Consultancy Services
i. Seeds / Seedlings
Number of seeds/seedlings distributed FOC to:
- Yayasan Sabah= 10 Tongkat Ali
- Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research = 20 Tongkat Ali and
20 Kacip Fatimah
ii. Public
There were two persons
from Ulu Dusun.
iii. Private Sector
There were two persons
from the private
sector who required
information on medicinal
plants, namely:- Mr. Mok from Orchid
De Villa, Inanam
Nursery, and
- Mr. Allan Dumbong
from Penampang.
Fruiting 4-year-old Tongkat Ali
tree derived from cutting at the
FRC Ethnobotanical Garden
301
Biotechnology Programme
RMK 9 : Designing Micropropagation Protocols for
Selected Indigenous Species
The project was started off with the aim of producing elite
strains of culture materials for tree plantation purposes.
Indigenous species were selected to be propagated in this
project not just because that they are fast growing and has
high potential for timber production but at the same time,
there is a need to promote local species due to environmental
adaptation advantages. Some of the species that are currently
under study are Neolamarckia cadamba (Laran), Octomeles
sumatrana (Binuang), Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang),
Drayabalanops aromatica (Kapur Paji) and Endospermum
diadenum (Sesenduk). Few of the species are subjected to
acclimatization trials and plans are in place to conduct field
trials for the culture materials in 2009. Publication for part of
the protocols used can be found in:
•
Khoo, E., Ken, S. T. H. & Guanih, V. (2008) Tissue Culture
(In) Lee, Y. F., Anuar Mohammad & Chung, A. Y. C. (eds.),
A Guide To Plantation Forestry In Sabah. Sabah Forest
Record No. 16. Sabah Forestry Department Pp 43-47.
•
Maycock, C. R., Gardner, P., Khoo, E., Ghazoul, J., Kettle,
C., Burslem, D. F. R. P. (2008) Spatial and temporal
partitioning of pollinators within the Dipterocarpaceae : a
mechanism to reduce competition for pollinators? Paper
presented in British Ecological Society Annual Meeting,
3rd to 5th September, 2008, Imperial College London, UK.
Orchid Micropropagation
Collaboration with the local orchid and nursery owners in
propagating orchids is still ongoing. Assistance was given to
the local breeders in mass propagating orchids from the genus
of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. The cultured materials
produced are generally used for selection for breeding new
hybrids or for competition purposes.
Aside from cross breeding through manual hybridization,
efforts were made in assisting the local breeders in producing
new variety of orchids to promote the local plant industry. One
of the methods was through the utilization of UV irradiation.
Orchids that were exposed to UV irradiation were grown in
culture and the morphology of the plants were observed and
recorded.
NERC Project :Trade Offs Between Flower Number,
Flower Size and Pollination Success Equalize Fitness of
Coexisting Tropical Tree Species
The collaboration with the University of Aberdeen, Imperial
College of London and the Royal Botanical Gardens
Edingburgh on ecological and genetic mechanism that is
involved in the trade off and its effect on the maintenance of
species richness in the Dipterocarp family is still ongoing. The
studies conducted were:
i. Identification of pollinators in some of the studied species
Shorea xanthophylla, S. leprosula, S. beccariana S.
multiflora, Shorea xanthophylla Parashorea tomentella
and Dipterocarpus grandiflorus.
ii. Determination of the genetic structure within the
populations of flowering trees listed.
iii. Determination of the cost of inbreeding depression through
hand pollination experiments of genotyped pollen donors.
Aside from the studies, several publications and presentations
on the results of the studies were made in conferences and
meetings such as the Association for Tropical Biology and
Conservation Conference: “Towards Sustainable Land Use
in Tropical Asia” in Sarawak and British Ecological Society
Annual Meeting in the UK. The titles of the presentation and
papers are as listed below:
•
Kettle, C., Maycock, C. R., Khoo, E., Ghazoul, J. &
Burslem, D. F. R. P. (2008). Linking life history trade offs
to population genetic structure in tropical forest trees:
implications for maintenance of species richness. Paper
presented at the Association for Tropical Biology and
Conservation Conference: “Towards Sustainable Land
Use in Tropical Asia” on 25th of April, Kuching, Malaysia.
•
Maycock, C. R., Gardner, P., Khoo, E., Ghazoul, J., Kettle,
C, & Burslem, D. F. R. P. (2008) Pollinator nice partitioning
among eight coexisting dipterocarp species in Sabah.
Paper presented at the Association for Tropical Biology
and Conservation Conference: “Towards Sustainable Land
Use in Tropical Asia” on 26th of April, Kuching, Malaysia.
One of the P. hybrid that has been given UV treatment
Phalaenopsis hybrid
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Annual Report 2008
Phytochemistry Research Programme
Sectional Activities
The activities of the Section during the year focused mainly
on 3 projects. Two of the projects are related to herbal or
medicinal plants research:
i. R&D at FRC in the identification and development of
herbal products from Sabah’s forests – RMK9 State
Development Programme
ii. Development of herbal products from a few selected
species – MOSTI
The third project concerns plantation nutrition:
iii. R&D in the application of nutrition to enhance the
productivity of plantation forests - RMK9 Federal
Development Programme
In addition, the Section continued to provide services, namely,
laboratory analysis and advisory/consultative services,
especially on laboratory methods and nutritional aspects.
Further details are as follow:
Research:
Project 1: Development of herbal products from a few
selected species
Background and Objectives
The 3-year project funded by the Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) ended in 2008. This
project was one of 3 components in the Satellite Biotechnology
Programme for Sabah with the Institute of Development
Studies (IDS) as the coordinating organisation for the State
Programme.
The amount allocated to this component project was
RM330,000 for the 3-year period (2006 – 2008). The overall
objective emphasized on the identification of plant species
with medicinal potentials that can eventually be developed
into commercially viable natural products. Among the activities
planned under the project were: to compile information on
species having medicinal properties and to select a few
for further studies, to determine the extent of availability of
the selected plant species in the state and to initiate some
derivation of herbal products from the selected species.
Status
Being a very new field of research for the Forest Research
Centre, substantial upgrading to the Centre’s capacity is
necessary in order to implement the R&D activities which
inevitably require a much bigger allocation than that provided
under the project. Essentially, the allocation became a ‘seed’
fund to initiate the development of a herbal R&D programme
for the State through the Centre.
Under the project, some components of capacity
upgrading was carried out which included procurement of
minor equipment, staff training and initiating establishment of
collaborative studies with other research institutes. Although
the project ended in 2008, further efforts will be pursued in
2009 on establishing collaborations and the activities will form
part of Project 2, as the concept of the 2 projects are similar.
By the end of the project period, two plant species were
identified as having potential to be developed into commercial
products, namely, Terminalia catappa (Ketapang) and
Lagerstroemia speciosa (Bungur). Both species are known
to have medicinal properties and occur abundantly in Sabah.
Several product prototypes were developed from the two
species such as herbal teas and herbal soaps. Compilation of
the information gathered on the 2 species is also in progress,
notably on the medicinal uses and current status of research.
Due to time constraints, the compilation will only be ready in
2009.
1. Herbal teas derived from T. catappa and L. speciosa
2. Making herbal soap
303
Project 2: Development Project : R&D at FRC in the
identification and development of herbal products from
Sabah’s forests
Background and Objectives
This 5-year project under the RMK9 State Development
Programme has been allocated RM 11.2 million over the period
of 2006-2010 with the main objective to upgrade the capacity
and capability of FRC to undertake and implement R&D in
herbal or medicinal plants. Development of natural products
from herbal or medicinal plants is expanding rapidly worldwide
with the economic value of this industry coming up to billions
of dollars annually. It is, therefore, an area worthy of interest.
With the high biodiversity of Sabah’s forests, the potential
for herbal product development in Sabah is high. However,
efforts into this type of R&D require significant investments
in manpower, equipment and infrastructural facilities, thus the
importance of this upgrading exercise.
Status
Order for a major equipment – an LCMS/MS (Waters Synapt
HDMS) – arrived this year. This equipment will greatly
assist research work especially related to phytochemical
profiling of medicinal plants. To ensure full utilization of the
equipment, several training sessions were provided by the
supplier including one on operator training at the Waters MS
Technology Centre, Manchester, UK in December. Other major
equipment procured during the year included a laminar flow
(Class II), a multifunction centrifuge and a sterilizer cabinet.
Orders were also made for other necessary equipment such
as a CN analyzer, high performance compound and inverted
microscopes, and a spray dryer. These instruments will arrive
in early 2009 and will be used in the analyses of plant samples
and extracts.
The LCMS/MS (Waters Synapt HDMS)
One of the objectives of this project is to develop an extract
library, which is a collection of extracts from plants with
medicinal potentials. Collection and extraction of plant
samples from around Sabah continued throughout the year.
Extractions are mainly carried out using methanol and water
but adaptation and optimization of extraction methods are ongoing efforts. The aim of this methodology study is to come
up with a standard of methods for the preparation of plant
extracts relevant to FRC.
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Annual Report 2008
A major addition to the Section in 2008 was the setting up
of a Biology/Microbial Laboratory. One major aspect of study
on plants with medicinal potential is looking at the bioactivity
of phytochemicals. This therefore necessitated the provision
of a study area focused on biological assays/activities and
also anti-microbial potentials. The high-end microscopes will
be housed in this laboratory.
One view of the Biology/Microbial Lab
Work was also initiated to develop a screening method
using antioxidant activity as an indicator to screen plants
with medicinal potential. It is expected that some screening
methods will be made available for plant screening by the end
of this project.
Project 3:
Development Project: R&D in application
of nutrient in enhancing the productivity from forest
agriculture (RMK-9)
Background & Objective
This 5-year project under the RMK9 Federal Development
Programme has been allocated RM1.5m with the main
objective to upgrade the capacity and capability of FRC to
undertake and implement R&D in the application of nutrition
to enhance productivity of some plantation species. Plantation
forests serve as an alternative to natural forests for supply
of timber. Increasing the productivity from plantation forestry
is therefore economically beneficial. Tree growth and timber
quality are affected by many factors including nutritional
factors. It is, therefore, of benefit to identify the mechanism of
influences that nutrition exerts on the tree species.
Status
A safer and more conducive environment is necessary to
support R&D thus upgrading of facilities were continued
including preparation of a loading bay to increase study areas
and to streamline research activities. Several equipment
were procured―UV-Visible Spectrophotometer necessary
for conducting analyses of nutrients and a digital imaging
microscope for the analyses of seedling physical conditions.
Several studies of seedling nutrition were initiated looking
at timber species such as Falcataria moluccana (Batai),
Nauclea subdita (Bangkal Kuning), Neolamarckia cadamba
(Laran), Callophyllum inophyllum (Bintangor laut) and Alstonia
sp. (Pulai). However, continuation of these studies requires
a facility where the growing environment can be controlled.
Such a facility will only be made available in 2009. Therefore
Seedling Nutrition Studies
more in-depth studies of seedling nutrition will be intensified in the following years. In addition, a composting study is on-going and
some results will be available by the end of this project.
II. Service : Laboratory Analysis
The General Laboratory of the Chemistry Section is equipped to carry out various physical and chemical analyses on ecological
materials (soil, foliage, water, etc.). During the year, the laboratory handled 397 soil and 407 foliage samples. The section also
provided consultative/supervisory advice on laboratory procedures and research methodologies to students, researchers and
members of the public.
Soil and Watershed Programme
Soil
Research Activity
Carbon Stock Assessment in Sustainable Forest
Management in Sabah (RMK-9 Project)
This project enters into its 2nd year of implementation under the
RMK-9. The main aim is to assess the carbon sequestration
and temporal changes in carbon stocks in sustainable forest
management in Sabah. Such an assessment is becoming
an important component of the value of forests in providing
environmental goods and services. The link between possible
climate change and the accumulation of greenhouse gases
particularly carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is behind this
value. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
through the photosynthesis process and convert it into
carbon compounds in woods or other tissues, accompanied
by the release of oxygen back to the atmosphere. Therefore
the assessment method was based on the ground-based
measurements of tree attributes likes its stem diameter and
sometimes height that can be converted into estimates of tree
biomass using the allometric equation.
Plots have been established at Deramakot, Tangkulap
and Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve. Global Positioning System
(GPS) readings for every plot were taken to facilitate in locating
the plot in future field work. In the assessment, all trees of more
than 10cm dbh within the plots were measured. Aboveground
biomass was estimated by using Brown’s allometric equation.
The multiplication of this value by a standard value of carbon
concentration can produce an estimate of carbon stock.
Preliminary results from Tangkulap FR indicate that the
aboveground carbon density varies from 124-369 t C/ha.
The value is depending on the forest stand condition with the
undisturbed (prestine) forest being the highest. After taking
into account the value of each forest stratum and translated
into the total area covered by the respective stratum, the
average carbon density in Tangkulap FR is about 127t/ha.
This gives a total carbon stock of living standing trees for
the whole forest reserve at about 6.38 million tonnes (23.41
million ton of CO2).
Hydrology
Research Activities
Studies on the effects of logging operations using RIL
technique on stream water quality and stream Hydrology
in Deramakot FR
This is a continuous project to monitor the effects of logging
activities where Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) technique
had been practiced since year 1989 in the Deramakot Forest
Reserve (FMU19).
Objectives
The main objectives of the study are as follows:
i. To investigate the river water quality at the logging
operation site before, during and after logging.
ii. To study the pollution rate in water quality as a result of
logging activities.
iii. To study how long it takes for water in these waterways to
regain their natural quality after logging.
Study site
DFR FMU 19 consists of 107 Compartments. Water quality
monitoring activities is conducted in respective compartments
based on the DFO’s yearly harvesting schedule.
In 2008, the stream water quality study was conducted
at Compartment 69. Data were collected before logging and
during logging (for baseflow & stormflow). The objective of
this study is to determine the time to be taken for the stream
water quality to regain their original quality after logging has
stopped. The stream water quality study results before and
during logging in Compartment No.69 is shown in Table 30.14.
Table 30.14: Monthly means value of stream water quality at CPT 69
Before Logging
Parameter
Baseflow
Temperature ºC
25.6
pH
Salinity ppt
During Logging
Stormflow
Baseflow
Stormflow
25.2
25.5
6.75
6.54
6.51
6.72
0.02
2.542
0.02
2.542
Turbidity ntu
39.2
48.11
42.6
257.00
DO mg/l
6.36
7.00
6.61
6.25
EC ms/cm
74.9
71.23
78.9
60.83
0.0041
4.042
0.0045
6.417
TDS g/l
25.3
305
Discussions of results based on stormflow; before and
during logging
Based on Table 30.14 and Graph 1 - 7, the following inferences
were made:The stream water turbidity showed a significant difference
between before logging (48.11 mg/L and during logging period
(257.00 mg/L) with an increase of approximately 434.19 %.
i.
Temperature – (Before logging, the mean value was
25.2oC and during logging at 25.5oC), no significant
difference.
ii. pH – no significant difference, mean value at 6.54 before
logging and 6.72 during logging.
iii. Dissolved oxygen – (Before logging mean value of 7.0
mg/L, during logging mean value of 6.25 mg/L) a significant
difference with an increase of approximately 12.0 %.
iv. Conductivity – (before logging, the mean value at 71.23
µ∫/cm, and 60.83 µ∫/cm during logging) a significant
difference, decreased by approximately 17.09 %.
Graphics of means value comparison of stream water quality
before logging and during logging at the Compartment No. 69
v. Salinity – fairly consistent (before logging mean value of
2.542 ppt and, during logging mean value of 2.542 ppt,
and no significant difference).
vi. Total dissolved solids – (Before logging, mean value at
4.042 mg/L, during logging, mean value at 6.417 mg/L)
significant difference with an increase by approximately
58.8%.
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Annual Report 2008
The effects of different cutting limits on stream water
quality and quantity in compartment 40 blocks A & B in
Deramakot Forest Reserve
The main objectives of this project are as follows:
i. To study the effects of diameter cutting limits at dbh
ranging 60 < 120cm (Dipterocarp species) and 45 - 55cm
(non Dipterocarp species) on stream hydrology (hydrograph
characteristic, Peak flow, base flow, total flow). The water
quality will be assessed by monitoring of various parameters
such as turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity,
color, suspended solids and total dissolved solids).
Hydrolab Mini sonde 4a datalogger (Stream water quality measuring
equipment)
ii. Stream water quality study in Compartment 40 block A &
B had been completed. The stream water level data in block A
and B was not analysed yet due to equipment problems.
iii. The MDS surfboat equipment/water level measuring in
Compartment 40 block A was damaged in February 2009 by a
storm.
Tourism Programme
The Tourism Unit of the Forest Research Centre carries out
research to generate information and ideas for ecotourism
development in forested areas in Sabah. This unit also
participates in ecotourism projects implemented by the Sabah
Forestry Department.
In 2008, the Tourism Unit was involved in the development
of the Sandakan Rainforest Park (SRFP). Tourism Unit staff
also helped to ensure the safety and cleanliness at Sandakan
Rainforest Park, while giving comfort to the visitors coming to
the park.
In planning to develop the Sandakan Rainforest Park to
be a tourism attraction in Sandakan and to obtain feedback
from the public and the tourism based companies on the
development plan, a public consultation forum was held at the
auditorium of Sabah Forestry Department Headquarters on
29th March 2008. In this forum all the opinions received, were
discussed together to achieve collaborative agreement on
suitable development that can be implemented at Sandakan
Rainforest Park.
On 1st November 2008, the Joga-Orienteering event was
held at the Sandakan Rainforest Park. The event held was
a combination between jogathon and treasure hunt activities.
Other activities such as guessing the height of a tree, sawing
wood and building tent competitions were held on that day
to make the Joga-Orienteering event more interesting. Y.B.
Datuk Peter Pang En Yin, as Sabah Minister of Youth and
Dr Lee Ying Fah (Head of FRC giving an explanation on the
development planning to the participants during the public consultation
forum of the Sandakan Rainforest Park, on 29th March 2008
(Top)Y.B. Datuk Peter Pang En Yen, Sabah Minister of Youth and
Sports, planting a tree, witnessed by Datuk Sam Mannan, the Director
of Sabah Forestry Department and other officers from Sabah Forestry
Department during the (above) Joga-Orienteering event.
307
Sports was the guest of honour who came to attend in the
Joga-Orienteering event and at the same time making the
event at Sandakan Rainforest Park more memorable. The
Tourism Unit of Forest Research Centre was actively involved
in organising the Joga-Orienteering event.
Tourism Unit staff, were also in charge of group visits to
Forest Research Centre. In 2008, about 500 visitors came to
visit the Forest Research Centre. These visitors were mostly
school children, students of higher learning institution and
staff from the various government departments.
Visit of the staff of Ulu Dusun Agricultural Station to Sandakan
Rainforest Park on 23th October 2008
Visitors to the Wood Science Section, Forest Research Centre
Visit of the Sime Darby Group to Sandakan Rainforest Park on 15th
February 2008. From left to right, Dr. Lee Ying Fah (Head of Forest
Research Centre), Datuk Henry S. Barlow (Director of Sime Darby
Malaysia), Hj. Abdul Rashid Ahmad (Sime Darby Head of Sabah Zone)
and Hj. Fairuz Ismail (Sime Darby Head of Region for East Malaysia).
Visitors at the Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre
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Annual Report 2008
The Tourism Unit staff, attended the Mesra Malaysia
Training Workshop organised by the Asian Tourism
International College (ATI College), which was held at Sepilok
Jungle Resort on 27th to 28th September 2008. In the training
workshop, a lot of important tips on how to upgrade skills in
tourism management were given to the participants.
Participants of Mesra Malaysia Training Workshop, organized by Asian
International Tourism College (ATI College) held at Sepilok Jungle
Resort on 27th and 28th September 2008
Consultancy
Coordination of Federal funded research projects
(eScienceFund and others)
The Consultancy Unit coordinates the eScienceFund projects
on behalf of the Head, Forest Research Centre. Until the end
of 2008, there were five eScienceFund projects (amounting
to RM758,156/=) under the Ministry of Science, Technology
and Innovation (MOSTI). The research projects are as follows:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Provenance and progeny trial of rotan batu (Calamus
subinermis) in Sabah – Chia Fui Ree
The effects of weather and seed predators on the
recruitment of mangroves in Sabah – Rebecca Chong
Study on the distribution and use of medicinal ferns and
poisonous plants in Sabah – Anuar Mohammad & Andi
Maryani A. Mustapeng
Evaluation of tourism potential in Sabah’s forest reserves
using GIS (Geographical Information System) – Anuar
Mohammad & Rosalie Corpuz
Insect diversity in enhancing nature tourism in Sabah –
Arthur Y. C. Chung
The first three projects ended in 2008 while the fourth project
is scheduled to complete by early 2009 and the fifth project
in 2010. The Unit compiled monthly financial report, quarterly
progress report, milestone achievement plans and liaised with
MOSTI.
The MASTICLink (Malaysian Science and Technology
Information Centre under MOSTI) 2008 for the Sabah Forestry
Department was also coordinated by this unit. It was a
compilation of all the researchers’ information, which included
biodata, research projects, annual allocation and other related
details. This information is used by MOSTI to generate
figures for the current science and technology performance
in Malaysia. The Unit participated in the ‘Solution Envisioning
Workshop’ organized by MASTIC for Knowledge Resource for
Science & Technology Excellence in Malaysia (KRSTE.my) in
April, 2008.
The Unit attended some of the meetings related to funding
from the 9th Malaysian Plan (RMK9), as instructed by Head,
FRC and also assisted in the procurement of funding from
the Sabah Development Corridor (SDC) which was channeled
through the State Economic Planning Unit (EPU).
Coordination of conferences/seminars/workshops/other
events
The Consultancy Unit has been assigned to coordinate
or assist in some of the seminars in the Sabah Forestry
Department. Such programmes are vital for researchers
and foresters to keep abreast with the findings from fellow
colleagues and also visiting researchers. The events in 2008
are as follows:
Demonstration of visual interactive keys for plant
identification, by Dr. Colin Ridsale, Netherland Herbarium
(17th April, 2008)
ii. Reducing emissions from deforestation and ecosystem
degradation (REDD), by Prof. Francis E. Putz, University
of Florida (15th July, 2008)
iii. Equipment demonstration for fauna and flora survey, by
Mr. S.T. Tee, Nikon Malaysia (19th September, 2008)
iv. Evolution of tropical invasive plants, by Dr. Jasmine Joshi,
University of Zurich, Switzerland (25th September, 2008)
A talk on REDD by Prof. Francis E. Putz at FRC
A talk on invasive plants by Dr. Jasmine Joshi
The Unit also assisted in various events of the Forestry
Department, which include:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
HSBC & Sabah Forestry Department MoU Signing
Ceremony, KK (28th January, 2008)
Malam Q, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan (28th
March, 2008)
WWF & Sabah Forestry Department MoU Signing
Ceremony, Sandakan (21st May, 2008)
Centre for Ecological Studies, Kyoto University (CERKU)
& Sabah Forestry Department MoU Signing Ceremony,
Sandakan (18th June, 2008)
Payment on Ecosystem (PES) Workshop, Sandakan (17th
July, 2008)
i.
Exchange of MoU documents between Prof. Kanehiro Kitayama
of the Centre for Ecological Studies, Kyoto University (CERKU)
and YBhg. Datuk Sam Mannan, Director of the Sabah Forestry
Department. The MoU focuses on the extension of research on
tropical rainforest disturbance and recovery in Deramakot and
Tangkulap Forest Reserves.
309
Other tasks handled by the Consultancy Unit
Throughout 2008, the Consultancy Unit has been assigned
various other tasks which included:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Compilation and publication of “A Guide to Plantation
Forestry in Sabah” (Sabah Forest Record No. 16). The
Unit assisted in the editing and layout for the guide. The
154-page guide was published in May, 2008.
Represented Head, FRC in the Tabin Wildlife Committee
meetings. Also assisted in the publication of “Tabin Sabah’s Greatest Wildlife Sanctuary”. The book was
launched in Kota Kinabalu on 3rd November, 2008.
Compilation of the Proceedings of the International
Conference of Nature Conservation in Sabah (ICONCIS).
To be published by May, 2009.
Assisting in the compilation of “The Sandakan Rainforest
Park” book in 2008. To be published within 2009.
Working Committee of the UNDP Book Launching on
Community Forestry, on 24th March, 2008.
vi. Facilitator for the Sandakan Rainforest Park Dialogue,
with the Sandakan community on 29th March, 2008.
vii. Working Committee (representing FRC) of the Sandakan
Festival in June, 2008.
viii. Working Committee of the 15th Malaysian Forestry
Conference, held in Kuching, Sarawak on 20th - 24th
October, 2008.
ix. Working Committee for Zoom Malaysia & Sandakan Bird
Fair at the Rainforest Discovery Centre, Sepilok on 29-30
November, 2008, jointly organized by the Sabah Forestry
Department, Sabah Tourism Board, Sabah Society & other
agencies.
x. Appointed as the evaluator for the public speaking
assignment at INSAN PTK Course (Grade 44). Examiner
for PTKQ41 & Q27.
xi. Local collaborator for postgraduate students and foreign
researchers in related topics for five projects in 2008.
xii. Working Committee of the State level Website Designing
Competition 2008.
Forest Biodiversity Unit (FBU)
Background
The current year is the final year for SFD through this FRC’s
unit to act as “caretaker” for the Sabah Biodiversity Centre
(SBC) since the middle of 2002. The SBC was eventually
established under the Chief Minister’s Department in mid 2008
with its office initially set up at the podium of Innoprise building.
Dr. Abdul Fatah Amir was appointed as the head of this newly
established full fledge entity, the Sabah Biodiversity Centre.
The handing over note was send to SUHB’s office on the 24th
April, 2008 to formally hand over the baton to the new chief of
SBC. We wish him all the best to bring SBC to new heights as
expected by the Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000. Since
then, this unit was renamed as “Forest Biodiversity Unit (FBU)”
to assist FRC/SFD on related research and coordinating of
forest biodiversity projects in FRC. Thus, focuse now is purely
on forest biodiversity related matters. Despite the handover,
various forest biodiversity research and coordinating works
continue to be undertaken by the unit throughout the year.
Personnel
As of the end of 2008, FBU was manned by 6 staff; 1
permanent professional (Q48), 1 contract-professional (Q41),
1 Contract sub-profesional (Q27), 1 clerical staff, 1 general
worker and one driver. The permanent professional is the
Head of the Forest Biodiversity Unit holding a Q48.
Programme and Activities Throughout The Year
In-line with the handing over of SBC in Mid 2008, the main
functions and responsibilities of the unit has been downsized
to merely looking at coordinating and undertaking forest
related biodiversity research in FRC/SFD. The works done
during the period are as the following;
i. BBEC Phase 2
a. During the year, officials of FBU attended various BBEC
related meetings, seminars and workshop and they are
listed under “contributions and involvement” at the end of
this report.
b. The Head of FBU was sent on a study visit to Japan
with one official of SUHB on the 4th – 11th February for
a familiarization tour of conservation and biodiversity
management in Japan under the BBEC II programme. The
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Annual Report 2008
trip brought the duo to Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto visiting
various Government and NGO’s Japanese agencies
involved in conservation and biodiversity management. A
report was compiled for the trip and presented at SUHB’s
office on the 15th April, 2008.
c. The head of FBU also helped in arranging and
accompanying BBEC Japanese members namely Mr.
Hashigawa, Mr. Nadzir and two others japanese BBEC
members to visit the RAMSAR designated areas on 27th
February 2008. It was their first field visit of the site and
it has given them the real picture of what the designated
RAMSAR sites are all about. The trip brought the group to
a stop-over at Kampung Abai, Kampung Tindun Buangin
and Kpg Janda baik.
d. A trip to Sarawak Biodiversity Centre was organized by
FBU with group members consisting of various officers
from FRC and one officer from JPKNS Sandakan Branch
on the 9th of April, 2008. The purpose of the visit was to
study what the Sarawak Biodiversity Centre is doing as
a guide on how Sabah’s Biodiversity Centre should be
developed later. The visit was instructed by the Director of
Forestry upon the directive of the first Sabah Biodiversity
Council meeting which was held the previous year. A report
was compiled and submitted to the Director of Forestry
and a copy was also submitted to SUHB’s office.
e. The eventual event was the submission of handing
over notes to SUHB on the 24th April, 2008 to mark the
official handing over of SBC to the new CEO of the newly
established Sabah Biodiversity Centre.
ii. The Sandakan Rain Forest Park Project (Projek Kebun
Cina)
a. Sandakan Rainforest Park (SRFP) is one of the main
destinations for public recreation in Sandakan. SRFP
is located near the Thsun Ngen Housing Estate, Mile
5 Sandakan and is part of Kebun Cina Forest Reserve
(KCFR). FBU is entrusted to act as the secretariat in the
various works that are planned there and Mdm. Alviana
was specifically tasked to handle its day to day activities.
b. The facilities provided are:
• exhibition gallery or well-knowed as Kebun Cina
Gallery, which covers many aspects of nature in KCFR.
•
•
Jogging track with total length of about 3 km.
Jungle trail (also known as Topotype Trail/ Nature Trail)
with a total length about 1.3 km.
• Pitcher Plant Garden that has four species of
Nepenthes occuring naturally.
c. The main event that was held in SRFP during 2008 was
the Joga-Orienteering on 1st November 2008. The main
activities were jogathon and orienteering along with some
small activities for kids such as coloring contests and
many more. The event was attended by more that 1000
people including departmental families, school children
and Forestry Department staff.
d. Further development/upgrading projects had been
proposed under the RMK-10 and SDC programmes to
upgrade and maintain the SRFP. In 2009, half a million
ringgit will be spent to upgrade the existing jogging track,
which is one of the SDC eco-tourism projects in Sabah.
iii. Identification and Updating Specimen Collection at
SANS Herbarium
a. Identification and updating plant specimen collection at
SANS Herbarium continued to be undertaken during the
period to scientifically identify the many specimens at
SANs herbarium which are yet to be identified, labeled and
stored accordingly. The expertise of Dr. Anthony Lamb
and Mr. Leopold Madani continued to be engaged by
FBU/FRC to assist in these important work, which without
them would hamper botanical revision work at the SANS
herbarium.
b. During 2008, Dr. Anthony Lamb helped to scientifically
identify 310 specimens of various orchids, whilst En
Leopold Madani assisted in identifying a total of 429 plant
specimens mainly of the genus Dysoxylum, Heynea,
Lansium, Reinwardtiodendron and Sandoricum stored in
the SANs herbarium.
iv. Development of a Database and Information System
a. It is a State RMK-9 Development Project with an
allocation of RM1.3 million. This Bio-database system is
aimed at data-basing all biological specimens collected
in FRC which include specimens collected at the SANS
herbarium, the Insectarium and the wood specimens. It
also incorporates data basing of the FRC’s library books,
journals etc collections using the established ILMU system
currently utilized by the Sabah State Library.
b. It involves a number of sections that undertake biodiversity
related studies and specimens collection. The project
is monitored through a Project Steering Committee and
Technical Committee to steer and guide the implementation
of this project. The project steering committee is chaired
by the Head of FRC, whilst the Technical Committee is
chaired by The “Pengurus Project”. A couple of meetings
of both Steering and Technical Committees took place in
2008.
c. Apart from officers from the relevant sections in UBH/FRC
and IT Division in SFD HQ, JPKNS (Jabatan Perkhidmatan
Komputer Negeri) is also a member in both the committees
to assist UBH/FRC in developing the Biodatabase. JPKNS
shall play a lead role in developing the Bio-database
system with input from various officers in FRC.
d. The main activity in 2008 was the development of
the biodatabase system programmed by the JPKNS,
extracting data’s from existing databases and also
continuing inputting data of various specimens viz; plants,
insects and wood specimens for incorporating into the
biodatabase system later on.
e. As of the end of 2008, a total of more than 33,000 of
SANS collection have been digitized into BRAHMS under
the project. For the library components, a total of 3,745
books accession covering about 80% of FRC’s books
have been digitized and inputted on-line under the ILMU
system. However, for the later, technical problems on its
“classification” aspect is still being pursued with the state’s
library on most of the books which have been inputted into
the Ilmu system.
f. Other information that have been digitized using the MSAccess software are: Aves or birds (528 sp), Reptilia (203
sp), Amphibia (111 sp), Mammals (225 sp), 6 classes
of Fish (757 sp), Ecdysozoa Phyla such as gastropoda,
Leeches and slugs (250 sp), Bryophytes (953 sp),
Pteridophytes: Ferns and Fern allies (793 sp) and others.
Most of these non-plants are supported with pictures to
make the Biodatabase attractive.
g. Input of all these data was made possible through
contracting of work to selected individuals under the
State’s RMK9 fund.
eScience Project
i. Study on the distribution and use of medicinal ferns
and poisonous plants in Sabah
a. This is a study with a research grant from MOSTI, with the
following objectives;
• To survey and list medicinal ferns and common
poisonous plants traditionally known by local
indigenous communities in Sabah;
• To build up a database of medicinal ferns and
poisonous plants in Sabah; and
• To identify species, sites and habitats of medicinal
ferns and poisonous plants for ex-situ conservation
and awareness.
b. Since the project inception, it is currently in its second
year. Field surveys using a structured questionnaire were
completed in mid 2008. The following months were filled
up with analyzing specimens collected and data gathered
from the questionare.
c. Field surveys were conducted in various districts namely;
Penampang, Keningau, Tambunan, Kinabatangan, Kudat,
Pitas, Kota Marudu, Kota Belud, Tawau and Semporna.
Three villages were chosen for each district, and at least 5
respondents were interviewed from each village.
d. Based on the field surveys conducted, it is found that 33
species of medicinal ferns and 48 species of poisonous
plants are commonly used by the local communities.
However, some plants collected have yet to be identified
and verified towards the end of the year.
e. Data collected are analyzed and stored in a database
as required by the project. Some of the rare plants were
planted in ex-situ conservation areas for further studies.
f. A preliminary report entitled “Some Information on a Study
of Poisonous Plants in Sabah” under this Project was
prepared during the year.
g. A Database on medicinal ferns and Poisonous plants
based on the study was also developed. More information
regarding the species shall be added as this study
progresses.
h. A poster entitled “Some Common Medicinal Ferns and
Fern Allies Used by Indigenous Communities in Sabah”
was also presented during the 15th Malaysian Forestry
Conference in Kuching, on October, 2008.
311
Trus Madi Conservation Management Plan
FBU attended a series of meeting regarding the project.
Specifically, FBU was tasked to assist in contributing to a
component on the planning and the execution of Scientific
Expedition on specific area of Trusmadi FR which has not
been explored to unveil the biodiversity richness of the area
during the implementation phase of the project. An Expedition
is planned to be conducted in 2009.
Coordinating of FRC Development Projects
FBU was also entrusted to coordinate all development projects
on behalf of K(PPP) in FRC. Among activities undertaken
during the year are;
i. Coordinating the preparation of RMK10 project proposals
ii. Coordinating the construction phase of the insect museum
and FRC’s guest house, projects under the RMK-9.
Poster presented during MFC 2008 in Kuching
ii. Evaluation of Tourism Potentials in Forest Reserves
using GIS as a Tool
a. This is another study under the escience research grant
from MOSTI.
b. The objectives of this study are;
• To establish a model process for assessment of
tourism potential in forest reserves utilising Geographic
Information System (GIS);
• To establish a model process for zoning and structuring
tourism development in forest reserves utilising GIS
• To identify potential sites for development of tourism
facilities & services using GIS; and
• To evaluate the tourism development potential sites in
forest reserves of Sabah using GIS
c. Field surveys were conducted in 13 forestry districts east
of Sabah to include the islands of Banggi, Balambangan
and Malawali in Kudat, Pitas, Telupid, Beluran, Deramakot,
Sandakan, Kota Kinabatangan, Ulu Segama-Malua,
Lahad Datu, Kunak, Semporna, Tawau and Kalabakan.
d. The project was based on the multi-dimensional concept
of tourism which was represented in a mapping format
incorporating different categories of map layers namely:
natural resources, man-made features, existing and
planned tourism resources and, socio-cultural and historical
landscapes. This forms the foundation on which potentials
can be assessed based on accessibility, recreation
potential and, the natural and cultural uniqueness of the
destination.
e. All data gathered was stored systematically using the GIS
system as a tool to analyse, complete with the various
layers of maps and pictures of such sites. GIS has been
applied to tourism planning and development in many
countries. In Australia and New Zealand for instance,
GIS has been utilized in tourist flow models supported
by sound research. GIS has the capability to bolster the
planning and development of sustainable tourism not only
within the forest reserves but also the whole of Sabah.
312
Annual Report 2008
Contributions and Involvement
a. Ms. Andi M. attended the State Level Heart of Borneo
Initiative Workshop on 18th Jan, 2008 at Le Meridien Hotel,
Kota Kinabalu.
b. Ms. Andi M. and Ms. Rosalie C. attended ‘Bengkel
Pemantauan Projek-projek Penyelidikan Sciencefund Bil.
1/2007 dibawah klaster Perkhidmatan Sains & Teknologi’
on 21st to 22nd Jan, 2008 at Hotel Legend, Kuala Lumpur.
c. Mr. Anuar Mohd. attended the Borneon Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Conservation phase II (BBEC)- Preliminary
workshop on 30th January, 2008 at Sutera Pacific Hotel,
Kota Kinabalu.
d. Mr. Anuar attended the BBEC II - River Basin Management
Workshop on 18th February 2008 at Sutera Pacific Hotel,
Kota Kinabalu.
e. Ms. Andi M. attended the wrap-up workshop for
preparation of PO of BBECII (Bornean Biodiversity &
Ecosystem Conservation Phase II) on 13th March, 2008 in
Kota Kinabalu.
f. Mr. Anuar M. and Ms. Andi M. was in the group of SFD’s
and one JPKNS officer in a study visit to Sarawak
Biodiversity Centre, to learn about the implementation of
the Sarawak Biodiversity Enactment on 9th April, 2008.
g. Mr. Anuar M. presented what he learnt and experienced
during his study tour to Japan (in February, 2008) to BBEC
and SUHB officials at pejabat SUHB, Kota Kinabalu on 15th
April, 2008. Ms. Andi M. also attended the presentation
and discussion session.
Study visit to Japan
h. Mr. Anuar M. attended BBEC II – 1st Project Steering
Committee Meeting on 17th April, 2008 at Wisma Innoprise,
Kota Kinabalu on behalf of the Sabah Forestry Director.
i. Ms. Andi M. joined the pre-conference tours to Gunung
Gading National Park and Bako National Park from 19th
to 22nd April, 2008 and attended the conference Towards
Sustainable Land-use in Tropical Asia, at Hilton Kuching
Hotel from 23rd to 26th April, 2008 in Kuching, Sarawak.
Exploring the biodiversity of Bako National Park
i.
j.
Mr. Anuar M. attended the launching Ceremony of BBEC
phase II programme at Shangrila Tanjung Aru Resort and
Spa, Kota Kinabalu on the 25th April, 2009.
Ms. Andi M. attended ‘Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa
Pembangunan dan Pelaksanaan Projek (JPPP) Bil.1/2008
Biayaan Kerajaan Negeri dan Biayaan Kerajaan
Persekutuan’ on 29th April, 2008 in Tawau.
k. Ms. Andi M. attended the Conference on Biodiversity and
National Development: Achievements, Opportunities &
Challenges and post conference tour from 28th to 31st May,
2008 in Kuala Lumpur.
l. Mr. Anuar M. attended a Workshop on preparation of
strategy for information dissimination of BBEC II on 11th
August 2008 at Wisma Innoprise, Kota Kinabalu.
m. Mr. Anuar M, Ms. Andi M, Ms. Rosalie C. and Ms. Alviana
D. attended ‘Majlis Pemeteraian Perjanjian’ between
Sabah Forestry Department, Rakyat Berjaya Sdn Bhd,
Malua Wildlife Habitat Conservation Bank & Malua Trust
on 14th Aug, 2008 in Kota Kinabalu.
n. Ms. Andi attended the Global Information HUB on
Integrated Medicine (GLOBINMED) Workshop from 18th
to 19th Aug, 2008 at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota
Kinabalu.
o. Mr. Anuar M. attended BBEC II Management Committee
Meeting on 19th September, 2008 in Kota Kinabalu.
p. Mr. Anuar M. and Ms. Andi M. attended the 15th Malaysian
Forestry Conference, post conference tour and they both
presented a poster on medicinal ferns & fern allies from
20th to 24th Oct, 2008 in Kuching, Sarawak.
q. Mr. Anuar M. and Ms. Andi M. attended a discussion with
Perpustakaan Negeri Sabah about System ILMU on 2nd
Dec, 2008 in Kota Kinabalu.
r. Mr. Anuar M. and Ms. Andi M. attended the Signing
Ceremony of the Partnership Agreement between the
State Government of Sabah and Sime Darby Plantation
Sdn. Bhd. in Kota Kinabalu.
s. Ms. Andi M. visited Rimba Ilmu Botanical Garden of
Universiti Malaya on 22nd Dec, 2008 for study visit.
Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on
earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.
– Thomas Jefferson
313

Research and Development - Sabah Forestry Department

Transcription

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