Safe feeding with Lupro-Grain and Amasil NA

Preservation – Silaging – Feed hygiene –
Acidification
Safe feeding with
Lupro-Grain® and Amasil® NA
The importance of
feed hygiene and
feed preservation
The worldwide rise in the price of corn and grain is making feed grain produced by the farm itself, a very valuable raw commodity. Growing demand
for renewable raw materials for bioenergy is also leading to a rise in agricultural rents. Home-farm-produced feedstuffs such as grain and silage,
also by-products and mixed feed too, should therefore be effect­ively protected against microorganisms in order to preserve their high value. Furthermore, feedstuffs that are free from any hygiene problems can relieve
the burden on our farm animals’ immune system, making it possible to
achieve optimal production.
Feed spoilage, which ranges from a musty smell to visible mold and, probably, toxin formation, is a typical consequence of the proliferation of
microorganisms. Once fungal or bacterial toxins have formed in the feed
however, they are virtually impossible to get rid of. Spoiled feed can thus
mean that animals do not do as well.
Untreated barley after 4 weeks’ storage
(25% moisture content)
Protect feed quality effectively –
with organic acids from BASF
In the fight against microorganisms
in feed, our Luprosil and Amasil
product lines have proved highly
successful over a number of decades. The liquid starting materials
formic and propionic acid which
we produce occur in nature, in
plants, in silage, and even in foods,
e.g. Swiss cheese. There are thus
no leftover residues; the organic
acids, being natural preservatives,
2
Farm Feed
Luprosil® -treated barley after 4 weeks’ storage
(25 % moisture content)
are used as a source of energy by
the animal and thus completely
metabolized.
The range of
prodUcTs for Use
on The farm
Propionic acid and formic acid are
already widely used for feed preservation in the form of liquid acids
under the trade names Luprosil and
Amasil. Both products are very efficient to use, but, being corrosive
acids, require a high level of equipment and careful work-safety measures for their use. We have therefore recommended only the use of
Luprosil propionic acid (99.5%) on
the farm, and not the much more
dangerous formic acid.
As a specifi c solution for farmers,
the user-friendly NC (non-corrosive) products were developed.
Buffering attenuates the biological
activity, reducing it from corrosive
to irritant. The products are also
non-abrasive and are not dangerous goods according to transport regulations.
The two NC products Lupro-Grain
and Amasil NA, which in their active-substance content are very
similar to the pure acids Luprosil
and Amasil 85, are now at the end
of the process of continuous development and constant product
improvement. Lupro-Grain is the
buffered propionic acid and Amasil
NA the buffered formic acid.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
To exploit the strengths of formic
and propionic acid in a single application, the acid mixtures LuproMix NC and, recently, Lupro-Cid
NA have been developed. As well
as providing an optimal combination of propionic and formic acid,
these buffered products are more
pleasant to handle than pure acids.
They, like Lupro-Grain and Amasil
NA, are NC products, are classed
only as irritant, and do not constitute dangerous goods.
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
amasil Na
Lupro-Cid Na
Lupro-mix NC
Lupro-Grain
Luprosil
formic acid/formate
propylene glycol
Water
propionic acid/propionate
ammonia
sodium
Farm Feed
3
possiBLe Uses of
preservaTives in homefarm-prodUced feed
The four principal areas of use for
our products in agriculture are preservation (e.g. grain, home-farmproduced mixed feed), silage making (grass, corn, and other types
of silage), improvement of feed
hygiene, i.e. the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms such as
Salmonella and E. coli in all feedstuffs, and, finally, acidification of
feedstuffs and by-products.
USE OF PROPIONIC AND FORMIC ACID PRODUCTS IN FARMING
Preservation
Silage making
Feed hygiene
Acidification
Reduction of
bacteria, yeasts,
and molds
Improvement of
the fermentation
process
Prevention of
reheating
Reduction
of Salmonella,
Campylobacter,
E. coli, etc.
Reduction of pH and
buffer capacity
Single feedstuffs
Mixed feeds
By-products
Liquid feeds
Grass silage
Alfalfa
Beet leaves
CCM
Corn silage
Grass silage
TMR
Single and mixed
feedstuffs
By-products
Liquid feeds + water
Piglet feeds
Milk replacers
Drinking water
BASF preservatives recommended for this use:
Luprosil
Lupro-Grain
Buffered acids
4
Farm Feed
Lupro-mix NC*
Lupro-Cid Na*
amasil Na*
pure acids
Luprosil
Lupro-mix NC
Lupro-Grain
Lupro-Cid Na
amasil Na
Lupro-Cid Na
amasil Na
animaL feed preservaTive
One of the most important areas
of use for organic acids in agriculture is the preservation of feedstuffs such as grain or home-farm
produced mixed feed. Propionic
acid, here, shows broad antimicrobial effi cacy against fungi, yeasts,
and bacteria, which, with an adequate dose, is maintained for up to
a year. Treatment with Luprosil or
Lupro-Grain dramatically reduces
the numbers of these unwanted
microorganisms, and then successfully suppresses their further
proliferation.
The microbe reduction and prevention of microbial proliferation
that are induced by Luprosil can
be seen in the following graphic.
The results are from a preservation
study with winter wheat (17% moisture content) which was treated
with 0.65% Luprosil immediately
after harvesting.
Storage time (months)
Fungi
Yeasts
Bacteria
0
27.000
5.000
36 Mio
1*
< 15
< 15
670.000
6
0
0
6.100
12
0
0
500
*Months after preservation treatment
Matthias 1998, Haus Düsse
With Luprosil and Lupro-Grain, feed grain, corn, home-farm-produced
mixed feed, by products, TMR, or hay can be preserved for a storage
duration of up to a year. The following table shows, for example, the pathogen reduction achieved in damp grain corn through preservation treatment
with Lupro-Grain (32.8% moisture content, 1.65% Lupro-Grain).
Period
Propionic acid (%)
Bacteria (per g)
Fungi (per g)
After 2 days
Untreated
169 Mio
4.3 Mio
After 4 weeks
Untreated
5.1 Mio
27 Mio
After 1 year
Untreated
Decomposed
Decomposed
After 2 days
1.5 %
10,000
< 1,000
After 4 weeks
1.5 %
20,000
< 1,000
After 1 year
1.5 %
5,300
< 100
*of which, 2.5 million Fusarium
BASF Offenbach 1999/2000
Farm Feed
5
siLage maKing
Weather conditions have a decisive
effect on the success of silage-making: spells of damp weather often
mean that green fodder cannot be
adequately prewilted and needs to
be ensiled with a low dry matter
content. With Lupro-Mix NC, butyric-acid-free silage with a high feed
value can be produced even under
such difficult conditions. This ensiling agent has therefore been awarded the DLG’s [German Agricultural Society’s] quality label in action
category 1A for improvement of the
fermentation process under diffi cult silage making conditions.
silo depends on a careful ensiling
technique. Suitable measures to
improve aerobic stability are: rapid
fi lling of the silo, a high level of
compaction, and air-tight coverage
with silo foil. Furthermore, the rate
of removal should be 1 m/week in
winter and 2 m/week in summer.
These measures can be supplemented effectively by the use of
the ensiling agents Lupro-Mix NC
or Luprosil. The capacity of these
products to give protection against
reheating losses is confi rmed for
both products by the DLG quality
label in action category 2 (improvement of aerobic stability).
successful for improvement of the
aerobic stability of grass and corn
silage, however, as the following
study results show:
Lupro-Grain, the buffered propionic acid, has also proved to be very
14
control
Lupro-grain (5 l/t)
12
aerobic Stability (days)
Feeding our high-producing animals nowadays calls for silage
with the highest energy content, of
the best fermentation quality, and
with long storage-stability. Organic
acids can be successfully employed in two areas of use to achieve
the requisite quality objectives:
Optimization of the fermentation process under difficult
silage-making conditions
Improvement of the aerobic
stability of the silage
10
8
6
4
2
Ensuring maximal storage-stability
of the silage after removal from the
6
Farm Feed
0
Grass silage*
* WYSS, RAP Posieux 2001
** Kalzendorf, LWK Rheinland 2002
*** INRA Clermont-Theix 2003
maize silage**
Grass silage: 62 % dry matter,
Maize silage: 37 % dry matter
maize silage***
Better feed hygiene
Reducing salmonellae in the human
food chain is a pressing objective,
which has already been taken up
by the European Commission in
EU Regulation EC 2160/2003. In
an initial step, the prevalence of
Salmonella in farm animals was
determined by means of a Europewide investigation of Salmonella
in animal production, slaughter
animals, and feedstuffs. Now, in a
second step, measures have been
taken to reduce and ultimately eliminate Salmonella in animal husbandry. Every stock farmer will be
affected by these national decrees
on pigs and poultry in the medium
term. Feedstuffs can be a source
of salmonellal contamination of the
food chain. Formic acid’s lethal effect against salmonellae in feed is
well documented. With the formicacid-containing products LuproCid NA and Amasil NA, therefore, a
sustained reduction of Salmonella
in feedstuffs can be achieved. In
Salmonella-free feed, acid treatment with Lupro-Cid NA or Amasil
NA reduces the risk of infection with
Salmonella through birds or rodent
pests for example. This measure reduces other pathogens in feedstuffs
too, such as E. coli.
Acidification of feedstuffs and by-products
Acidification of feed is a tried-and
tested method for preserving it.
The pH of feedstuffs such as whey,
brewer’s yeast, or other liquid byproducts is lowered to a level at
which microorganisms are no longer able to grow. The feedstuff then
remains stable for a few days to a
number of weeks, depending on
the dose. Lupro-Cid NA and Amasil
NA are the products recommended
for this.
Piglets in the first few weeks of
life do not produce enough gastric acid. This can lead to digestive
problems such as diarrhoea, particularly after weaning. Acidifying
piglet feed with Lupro-Cid NA or
Amasil NA reduces the buffer capacity of the feed and reduces microbe levels.
Further information on possible
uses and on doses can be obtained
by requesting our “Feed Preservation Guide” booklet.
Farm Feed
7
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