Career counselling based on Choice Theory

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CROSS BORDER SEMINAR 2012
Career Management Skills
CAREER COUNSELLING BASED ON
CHOICE THEORY
Mirjana Zećirević
Bled, 22-23 May, 2012
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Reasons for career counseling

Transitional periods

Stress related work issues

Loss of job

or all of the above
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The Career Counseling Process
Incorporates
several
stages
Planning
Evaluation
Exploration
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Why Do We Need Theories?

Theories help explain human behavior

Theories guide us in what we do with clients

Theories help understand the factors in the
process of decision making

Theories help us make hypothesis about a
client’s future behavior
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Career Behavior Theories:





Trait and Factor Theories: Stress an individual’s need to develop his or
her “traits”(interests, values, skills) as well as select environments that
compliment those traits - Holland
Developmental Theories: Share the assumption that factors related to
career choice are also related to stages of personal and psychological
development– Donald Super
Learning Theories: Describe the learning processes by which an
individual gains self-efficacy and what effect this has on the career
decision-making process - Krumboltz
Socioeconomic theories: Focus on socioeconomic status and the
influence of sociological and economic factors on occupational choice –
Dual labour market theory
Social - Cognitive theories: Focus more on the personal constructions
people place on events related to career and decisions making – Lent,
Brown, Hacket: social cognitive career theory
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William Glasser’s Choice Theory
is used in different settings:
In
counseling (individual and group) – Reality Therapy
In
schools – Glasser’s Quality Schools
Organisations/companies
– Lead management
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Choice Theory /Reality Therapy in
career counseling

The client and the counselor explore the client’s
wants and needs.

Focus on conscious, planned behavior, on
responsibility and choice.

Trustful relationship between a client and a
counselor is crucial

Helps clients look at the consequences of their own
actions.
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Choice Theory /Reality Therapy in
career counseling

Instead of seeking to change behavior, the
counselor works on changing awareness of
responsibility.
Once responsibility is acknowledged by the
client, it is then possible to work on behavior
change
The locus of the decision is placed on the client
The only person you can control is yourself

Behavior = an attempt to get what we want



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Comparison to Choice Theory
Choice Theory
Donald Super’s Life-Span
Theory of Career Development
Each indvidual is unique, has its own
People have different abilities,
interests and values and are
quality world (what they want to achieve)
qualified for different occupations
People change over time and
with experience and so too do
their abilities, interests and values
 People go through life stages
whereby they experience
growth, exploration,
establishment, maintenance
and decline in their career life.
People
change their quality world over
time, as well as their possiblities
People
go through life fulfilling their
needs their wishes; making choices and
decisions that take into account past
experience and their current perception
on themselves
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Comparison to Choice Theory
Frank Parson’s model
Choice Theory
A person should:
Understand
one’s self
Understand
job requirements
Choose
a career that is based
upon knowledge and logic.
Make
self-assessment (explore
needs and wishes)
Understand circumstances/ reality
Make best possible choice at the
current circumstances based on
self-assessment
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Comparison to Choice Theory
Holland’s Theory
Vocational
goals are related to
a person’s identity
People are not as happy with
their career if they have not
chosen one that is congruent
with their personality type
 A match between personality
type, and the environment
which supports that type, leads
to greater career satisfaction
Choice Theory
People
make choices upon
their assessed needs, wishes
and goals, taking into
consideration the
circumstances.
People
make best possible
choices in order to achieve
satisfaction
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Comparison to Choice Theory
Choice Theory
Social Cognitive Theories
The
interaction between people and
environment is dynamic and ever
changing
More
emphasis is placed on selfregulatory cognitions, including selfefficacy
From
the environment we get
information; each individual decide
upon current perception which is
changing over time
Each
person is responsible for his/her
own choices. People have direct control
over their activities and thoughts
Career related behavior is influenced by
a person’s behavior in general, beliefs People can change their thoughts (the
about self-efficacy, outcomes and goals,way how they see things) and their
activities (what they do).
and genetically determined
characteristics.
People can choose to see themselves as
People’s interests lie in their belief that people who can do things well.
they can do these things well.
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Cognitive Aspects of Career counselling
based on Choice Theory
The assessments :
Explore
his/her wants and how they relate to their needs;
his/her behavior - what they are doing and thinking to
meet those needs;
Explore
Evaluate
Assess
Plan
behavior in relationship to those needs /Does it help?
other possible choices
to change behavior to more effectively meet needs
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Exercize

You have a choice in everything that you do and
feel at your work /life?

You are only responsible for your own behaviour?

You can’t make anybody feel or do anything?

Nobody can make you feel or do anything?
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Exercize

In pairs or small groups make a list of what you
feel individuals/people need (in their career,
life..)

Make another list of what your wants and
expectations are/were.

Discuss as a group
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Exercize
In pairs, have a role play
Person
A can play the therapist
Person
B can play him/herself
Person
B needs to think about something that
she/he wants, that he/she has not got yet.
Person A can use the ways to help the client
discover what that want is, what they are doing now
to get it, to evaluate behavior, assess the possible
choices and make plan...
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