TSUNAMI - National Dog

Transcription

TSUNAMI
National Dog - The RingLEADER Way Breed Feature
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INDEX
ANKC Breed Standards
Chinese Crested
Peruvian Hairless
Xoloitzcuintle
Comparison of the Peruvian and the Xolo
The Chinese Puzzle - Nancy Larson
Illustrated Peruvian discussion - Sally Johnston
Tribute to Mirrie St Erme Cardew - Simon Parsons (UK)
The Xoloitzcuintle - Barbara Griffin & Patricia Hoover USA)
The Chinese Crested - The Canadian Kennel Club
Myths and Truths - Rhonda Brown
Chinese Crested Feet - Amy Fernandez (USA)
Chine Crested Hair Placement - Amy Fernandez
An Interview with Peruvian breeder - Päivi Votkin (Finland)
Well where to start with Charlie? - Rachel Shepherd
The Hairless Breeds - Amy Fernandez
Hairless Breeds Share the Same Mutation Genetic - Kirsi Sainio (Finland)
The Mystery of the Chinese Crested Mouth - Joanne Tillbrook
How to Raise and Train a Chinese Crested - Edita Van der Lyn (USA)
Hairless Love - Carles Toldrà Sifris (Spain)
An Analysis of the Chinese Crested Standard - Sally Johnston
Early Chinese Cresteds from Sally Johnston’s collection
RASKC Interim Standard for the Chinese Crested 1978
More Chinese Crested Memorabilia
Win Jackson and the Early History of the Chinese Crested in WA
contributed by Jacqi Dinis
Peruvian Pictures - Trude Van Der Padt (Holland)
The Xolo - la Bäckström (Sweden)
The Xolo - Jacqi Dinis
The Xolo in pictures - Giovanna Suedab (Mexico)
The Xolo in pictures - la Bäckström (Sweden)
History of the Chinese Crested in Australia - Rhonda Brown
Xolo
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Volume 13 November
Crested
Peruvians
Agility
Chinese Crested
Xioma Yum Cha
AD JD AAD SAAD
Currently competing in agility in Brisbane very successfully and is a
very rare breed indeed in the agility rings, dominated Australia wide by
working breeds mostly Border Collies.
My proudest moments have been placing in the top 3 dogs in ANKC
agility trials against up to 30 other dogs, mostly Borders and Kelpies, ten
times her size.
Yum is 6 years old and was easy to train for agility, with an extreme food
drive as well as a ball fixation.
I am now training my second Crested in agility, Korgil Lucille Bald, a
gorgeous gold and white Hairless, so be sure to look out for her in the
agility rings in January when she will enter her first trial.
We do get a lot of whispers and attention when entering agility rings, as
people often comment as we pass by, ‘Is that Crested doing agility?’. LEIGH TAYLOR
On Our Cover
Ch Xioma Butterfly Effect
(Tsunami)
Sire: Ch Satamu Ghengis Khan Dam: Ch Xioma DeJe Vu
3.11.08
TSUNAMI
Multi Class in Group and Best In Group winner
Australian Bred in Show
Best of Breed Adelaide Royal Show 2009 and 2010
[email protected]
see also pages 4 & 5
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Volume 13 November
Group 1 - Toys
CHINESE CRESTED
General Appearance: A small, active and graceful dog; medium to fine
boned, smooth hairless body, with hair on feet, head and tail only; or covered
with a soft veil of hair.
Characteristics: Two distinct types of this breed; Deer type, racy and fine
boned, and Cobby type, heavier in body and bone.
Temperament: Happy, never vicious.
Head And Skull: Slightly rounded and elongated skull. Cheeks cleanly
chiselled, lean and flat, tapering into muzzle. Stop slightly pronounced but
not extreme. Head smooth, without excess wrinkles. Distance from base
of skull to stop equal to distance from stop to tip of nose. Muzzle tapering
slightly but never pointed, lean without flews. Nose a prominent feature,
narrow in keeping with muzzle. Any colour nose acceptable. Head presenting
graceful appearance, with alert expression. Lips tight and thin; An ideal
crest begins at the stop and tapers off down neck. Long and flowing crest
preferred, but sparse acceptable.
Eyes: So dark as to appear black. Little or no white showing. Medium size,
almond in shape. Set wide apart.
Ears: Set low: highest point of base of ear level with outside corner of eye.
Large and erect, with or without fringe, except in Powder Puffs where drop
ears are permissible.
Mouth: Jaws strong, with perfect, regular scissor bite, i.e. the upper teeth
closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws.
Neck: Lean, free from throatiness, long and sloping gracefully into strong
shoulders. When moving, carried high and slightly arched.
Forequarters: Shoulders clean, narrow and well laid back. Legs long and
slender, set well under body. Elbows held close to body. Pasterns fine, strong,
nearly vertical. Toes turned neither in nor out.
Body: Medium to long. Supple. Chest rather broad and deep, not barrelribbed. Breast bone not prominent. Brisket extending to elbows; moderate
tuck-up.
Hindquarters: Rump well - rounded and muscular, loins taut, stifles firm
and long, sweeping smoothly into the well let-down hock. Angulation of the
rear limb must be such as to produce a level back. Hind-legs set wide apart.
Feet: Hare-foot, narrow and long. Nails any colour, moderately long. Socks
ideally confined to toes, but not extending above top of pastern. Feet turning
neither in nor out.
Tail: Set high, carried up or out when in motion. Long and tapering, fairly
straight, not curled or twisted to either side, falling naturally when at rest.
Plume long and flowing, confined to lower two-thirds of tail. Sparse plume
acceptable.
Gait/Movement: Long, flowing and elegant with good reach and plenty of
drive.
Coat: No large patches of hair anywhere on body. Skin fine grained, smooth,
warm to the touch. In Powder Puffs coat consists of an undercoat with soft
veil of long hair, veil coat a feature.
Colour: Any colour or combination of colours.
Sizes: Ideal height: Dogs 28-33 cm (11-13 ins) at withers
Bitches 23-30 cm (9-12 ins) at withers
Weight varies considerably, but should not be over 5.4 kg (12 lbs).
Faults: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a
fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be
in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare
of the dog.
Notes: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully
descended into the scrotum.
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PERUVIAN HAIRLESS
Group 7 - Non Sporting
History: According to certain experts, this dog was introduced in Peru during
the Chinese immigration, soon after the promulgation of the law abolishing
the slavery of blacks by the President of Peru, Don Ramon Castilla. On the
other hand, other searchers suppose that this dog comes from the African
continent through the intermediary of nomads who arrived in America
accompanied by their hairless dogs. Another possible explanation is that the
presence of this dog would be due to the migration of men and their dogs
from Asia to America through the Bering Strait. However, next to all these
suppositions, there are certain proofs such as the representations which
appear on ceramics of different pre-Inca civilisations (Vicus, Mochica,
Chancay, Chancay under Tiahuanacoid influence, Chimu); in many cases the
hairless dog has replaced the Puma, the snake or the falcon, this in particular
and in a more evident way in the Chancay culture. As we can gather from the
reproductions, the hairless dog appears during the pre-Inca archaeological
periods, i.e. between the years 300BC and the years 1400 AC.
General Appearance: Going by his general conformation, it is an elegant and
slim dog, whose aspect expresses speed, strength and harmony without ever
appearing coarse. He is of noble and affectionate nature with those nearest
to him.. He is reserved towards strangers, lively, alert and a good guard dog.
Characteristics: This breed has, as a fundamental characteristic, the absence
of hair all over the body. Another particular feature is that the dentition is
nearly always incomplete. Noble and affectionate at home with those close
to him, at the same time lively and alert; he is wary and a good guard in the
presence of strangers.
Temperament: Noble and affectionate at home with those close to him, at
the same time lively and alert; he is wary and a good guard in the presence
of strangers.
Head And Skull: The head is of lupoid [wolf] like conformation
Skull: Of medium breadth. Orthoid, i.e. the upper axes of the skull and
muzzle are parallel; a slight divergence is accepted. Seen from above, the
skull is broad and the head tapers toward the nose. The superciliary arches
are well developed. The occipital crest is hardly marked. Stop: Cranial-facial
depression barely marked (approximately 140 degrees). Nose: The colour of
the nose must be in harmony with the different colours of the skin. Muzzle:
Seen in profile, the nasal bridge is straight. Lips: They must be as tight as
possible and close to the gums. Cheeks: Normally developed.
Eyes: Alert and intelligent expression. The eyes must be of average
dimensions, slightly almond shaped, neither deep-set nor prominent,
normally and regularly placed. i.e. neither too close together or too wide
apart. The colour can vary from black, going through all shades of brown up
to yellow, in harmony with the skin colour. In any case, both eyes must be
of the same colour. The colour of the eyelids may go from black to pink in
subjects with a light coloured face. The light pink colours are admitted but
not sought after.
Ears: The ears must be pricked when the dog is attentive, whereas at rest,
they are laid towards the back. The ears are of medium length; broad at the
base, tapering progressively towards their tip, ending almost pointed. The
ear set starts on the upper part of the skull to end laterally and obliquely. In
the erect position, the axes of the ears form a variable angle near 90 degrees.
Mouth: The incisors are in a scissor bite and the canines developed normally.
The absence of one or all the pre molars and molars is accepted. The lower
jaw is only slightly developed.
Neck: The upper line is curved (convex). The length is approximately the
same length as the head. The shape is near to a truncated cone shape, supple,
with good musculature. The skin on the neck is fine, smooth and elastic.
Really close to the subcutaneous tissues. No dewlap.
Forequarters: Well united with the body. Seen from the front, they are
perfectly vertical and the elbows are not turned out. The angle at the
shoulders joint varies from between 100 degrees and 120 degrees. Seen in
profile, the angle formed by the pastern and the vertical will form 15 degrees
to 20 degrees.
Body: Robust with a muscular body. Top line: Straight, although certain
subjects show dorsal-lumbar convexity which disappears at croup level.
Withers: Barely accentuated. Chest: Seen from the front, the chest must
have a good amplitude, but without excess; come down almost to the elbow.
The ribs must be lightly sprung, never flat. The girth of the chest, measured
behind the elbows, must exceed by about 18% the height at the withers.
Back: Top line straight, with well-developed back muscles often forming all
along the back a muscular bi-convexity which extends to the lumbar region.
Lumbar Region: Strong and well muscled. Its length reaches approximately
1/5th of the height at the withers. Croup: Its upper profile is slightly convex.
Its slant compared to the horizontal is about 40 degrees. Its solid and wellmuscled conformation assures a good impulsion. Underline and Belly: The
lower profile draws an elegant and well-marked line which goes from the
lower part of the chest and rises along the belly which must be well tucked up,
but without excess.
Hindquarters: The muscles are rounded and elastic. The curve of the buttocks
is well marked. The coxal-femoral angle varies between 120 degrees and 130
degrees and the femoral-tibial angle must be of 140 degrees. Seen from behind,
the hindquarters must be vertical. Dewclaws must be removed.
Feet: The forefeet are semi-long and look like hare-feet. The pads are strong
and heat-resistant. The interdigital membranes are well developed. The black
dogs have preferably black nails and the lighter dogs light nails. The hind feet
are the same as the forefeet.
Tail: The tail is set on low. Of good thickness at its root, it tapers towards its
tip. When excited, the dog can carry the tail raised in a round curve above the
backline, but never as curved as being rolled up. At rest, it hangs with a slight
upward hook at the tip. Sometimes carried tucked in towards the abdomen. In
length it almost reaches the hock. The tail must not be docked.
Gait/Movement: Given the structure and angulations of the above-mentioned
quarters, these dogs move with a rather short step, but fast and at the same
time quite soft and flexible.
Coat: To deserve the name of hairless dog, the coat (hair) must be non-existent.
Vestiges of hair on the head and on the extremities of the legs and tail are
admitted and, sometimes, a few rare hairs appear on the back.
Colour: The colour of the hair can vary from black in black dogs, slate black,
elephant black, bluish black, the wholes scale of greys, dark brown going to
light blond. All those colours can be uniform or show pinkish patches at all
points of the body.
Sizes: There are three sizes in the males and females Small from 25 to 40 cm (9 ¾ to 15 ¾ inches)
Medium from 40 to 50 cm (15 ¾ to 19 ¾ inches)
Large from 50 to 65 cm (19 ¾ to 25 ¾ inches)
The weight is in the size of the males and females Small from 4 to 8 kg (8.8 to 17.6 lbs)
Medium from 8 to 12 kg (17.6 to 26.4 lbs)
Large from 12 to 25 kg (26.4 to 55.1 lbs)
Faults: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault
and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact
proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
Notes: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully
. The Chinese Crested Breed Extension is available at:
http://www.ankc.org.au/_uploads/docs/5852BSE_Chinese_Crested.pdf
The Peruvian Hairless Dog Breed Extension is available at:
htt p://w w w.ankc .or g .au/_uplo a d s/do c s/281453Pe r uv i an_
Hairless_2010.pdf
The Xoloitzcuintle Breed Extension is available at:
http://www.ankc.org.au/_uploads/docs/292833Xolos_BSE_2009.pdf
XOLOITZQUINTLE
Group 7 - Non Sporting
History: Their origin dates far back in history. The indigenous people
fed on its highly desired meat in special ceremonies. The Xoloitzcuintle
was regarded as a representative of the god “Xolotl”, from which its name
obviously originates. Its task was to guide the souls of the dead to their
eternal destination. The hairless variety of the breed is also known by the
name “perro pelon mexicano” (Mexican Hairless Dog). The coated variety
was known by the natives as “izcuintle”.
General Appearance: Hairless variety: It is a very attractive dog; the most
important characteristic is the complete or almost complete lack of any hair,
with a smooth and soft skin. It has a well-proportioned body, chest is ample,
ribs well sprung, limbs and tail long.
Coated variety: A very attractive, completely coated dog with the same
harmonious proportions as the hairless variety. The coat can be of any
colour, length and texture. Its body is well proportioned, chest is ample, ribs
well sprung, limbs and tail are long.
Important proportions: The body, measured from the point of shoulder to
the point of buttock and from the highest point of the withers to the ground,
is slightly longer than tall: approximately 10:9. Females may be slightly
longer than males due to their reproductive function. The skull and muzzle
are approximately of equal length.
Characteristics:
Temperament: The Xoloitzcuintle is a silent and calm dog, cheerful, alert
and intelligent, suspicious toward strangers, a good watchdog and excellent
companion. It is never aggressive.
Head And Skull: Skull: Lupoid type, broad and strong, wedge shaped. Seen
from above it is wide and elegant; tapering toward the muzzle with an
occipital protuberance that is not well defined. The skull and muzzle planes
are almost parallel.
Stop: Slight, but well defined.
Nose: The nose should be dark in dark coloured dogs. It can be brown or pink
in bronze coloured dogs, pink or brown in blond specimens and spotted in
spotted dogs.
Muzzle: Seen from the side, the muzzle is straight and upper and lower jaws
are very strong.
Lips: Tight and close fitting.
Cheeks: Slightly developed.
Eyes: Medium size, almond shaped, with an alert and very intelligent
expression. The colour varies according to the skin colour in black, brown,
hazel, amber or yellow tones. Darker colours are preferred and both eyes
should match. The eyelids should be well-pigmented black, brown or grey
in dark coloured dogs. Light coloured or pink eyelids are permitted in light
coloured dogs although this is not the most desirable colour.
Ears: Hairless variety: The ears are long, large, expressive, very elegant and
of fine texture; they are reminiscent of ‘bat’ ears. They should be held erect
when alert. In the alert position their axis should be 50-80 degrees from
horizontal.
Coated variety: The ears are long, large and elegant. They may be held erect
or they may be down. Any position is acceptable. Both ears should be in the
same position, when alert.
Mouth: Hairless variety: Strong jaws. The incisors should close perfectly in a
scissor bite with the incisors overlapping; the interior surface of the superior
incisors touching the external surface of the lower incisors, squaring the jaw.
A level bite, edge to edge, is also permitted. The absence of a few incisors,
canines, molars, premolars or rotated teeth should not be penalised, as
many dogs do not have deep roots. Genetically, the absence of hair is closely
related to the absence of teeth.
Coated variety: Full dentition with scissor or level bite is required.
Tongue: The Xolo’s tongue is generally pink but may have black markings,
spots or stripes, which is a common characteristic of the breed. The tongue
is always inside the mouth.
Neck: Upper line: Carried high. Upper line slightly arched.
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Length: Proportionately long.
Shape: Slim, flexible, well-muscled and very elegant.
Neck skin: The skin on the neck is firm, elastic and close fitting, without
dewlap. Puppies show folds which disappear with age.
Forequarters: Forelegs: Seen from the front, they are straight and
perpendicular to the ground.
Shoulders: Flat and muscled with good scapula-humeral angulation which
allows a long, free and elegant stride.
Elbows: Strong. They fit close to the chest, never turned outwards.
Body: Strongly built.
Colour: Hairless variety: Solid, uniform, dark colours are preferred. The
range includes black, blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey, reddish, liver,
bronze, and blond. There may also be spots of any colour, including white or
tri-coloured markings.
Coated variety: It can have any colour or combination of colours in different
tones. The hair may be of any length and texture, covering the entire body.
Sizes: There are three sizes.
Standard variety: From 46 to 60 cms (Tolerance of + 2 cm in top quality
dogs).
Intermediate variety: From 36 to 45 cms
Miniature variety: From 25 to 35 cms
Back: Top line perfectly straight and level.
Loin: Strong and muscular.
Chest: Seen in profile it is long and deep, descending to the elbows. The ribs
are slightly sprung but never flat. Seen from the front the upper chest is of
good breadth. The point of the sternum should not protrude.
Faults: Any departure from the foregoing criteria should be considered a
fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be
in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare
of the dog.
• Very broad head.
Belly: Graceful line. Abdomen muscled and moderately tucked up.
• Slack, loose or wrinkled skin in adult dogs.
Hindquarters: The profile of the croup should be slightly convex with an
inclination of approximately 40 degrees to the horizontal. The hindquarters
should be strong and well muscled, with a moderate bend of stifle.
• Loose, slack or wrinkled skin on the neck of adult dogs.
Hind legs: Seen from behind they are perfectly straight and parallel. The
angle of the pelvis to the upper thigh joint, stifle and hock, are adequately
open to permit both free and strong movement of the legs. Cow hocks are to
be strongly penalised. Seen from behind, the hind legs are never close.
Feet: The feet are of medium length (hare’s foot) with toes arched and
close together, may have short coarse hairs in the Hairless Xoloitzcuintle,
and be covered with hair in the Coated Xoloitzcuintle. Nails are black in
dark coloured dogs, and lighter in bronze or blond dogs. The nails should
be trimmed. The footpads are strong and very resistant to any terrain. The
inter-digital membranes are well developed. Dewclaws should be removed
on all four limbs except in countries where it is illegal to remove them.
Tail: Long, thin and may have some tufts of hair, tapering from the base to
the tip in the hairless Xoloitzcuintle, and completely covered with hair in
the coated Xoloitzcuintle. In movement, it is carried up in a curve, never
touching the back. When resting, it should hang with a slight hook at the
end. Sometimes it is placed between the legs due to cold temperatures, or,
this can be considered a sign of shyness. The tail should nearly reach the
hock. The tail set should be an extension of the croup when the dog is at rest.
Gait/Movement: In accordance with its angulations, the dog should move
freely with a long, elegant, springy step; trot is quick and flowing, head and
tail carried high.
Coat: SKIN:
Hairless variety: Due to the total absence of hair, the skin of this breed is of
great importance. It is smooth, sensitive to touch and feels warmer because
of direct heat emission due to lack of hair; however its body temperature
is the same as in other dogs with hair. The difference with haired breeds,
which disperse body heat through natural ventilation, is that the skin
requires more care from exposure to the sun and elements due to its lack
of natural protection. Accidental scars are not penalised. The dog tends to
sweat through its feet (foot pads and inter-digital membranes), which is why
other than in extreme heat it seldom pants. It should be free of obvious skin
problems.
Coated variety: The skin of the coated Xoloitzcuintle is smooth and should
be completely covered with hair.
COAT:
Hairless variety: Thr characteristic of this breed is the total lack of hair on
the body (hairless or nude dog) although there are some short, coarse thick
hairs of any colour on the forehead and back of the neck that should never be
longer than 2.5 centimetres and should never form a long, soft topknot. It is
common to find rough hair on the feet and on the end of the tail, however its
absence should not be penalised.
Coated variety: This variety of the Xoloitzcuintle has hair all over its body. It
can be expected to have very little hair on its belly and inside the rear legs.
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Volume 13 November
• Excessive dewlap.
• Light coloured, round or protruding eyes.
• Sunken (lordosis) or arched (xifosis) back.
• Sunken croup.• Cow hocks (literally joined ocks).
• Tail tightly curled over the back.
• Short tail.
• Flat feet.
SEVERE FAULTS:
• Atypical dogs
• Long narrow body with short legs
• Protruding tongue
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:
• Aggressiveness or excessive shyness.
• Blue eyes or flecks of blue in eyes.
• Any Hairless or Coated Xoloitzcuintle with prognathism or enognathism
(undershot or overshot).
• Dogs with poor bite, denoted by the positioning of the jaws.
• Cropped or droopy ears in the Hairless Xoloitzcuintle.
• Docked tail.
• Hair on any part of the Hairless Xoloitzcuintle other than the head, ears,
neck, feet and tail.
• Albinism, blindness or deafness.
• Dogs taller than 62 centimetres or shorter than 25 centimetres.
Any dog showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
Notes: N.B. Males should have two testicles of normal appearance fully
Wazzat Xoloitzcuintle
are proud to introduce this exciting and rare breed to Australasia.
Besitos naca (imp uSa) & Besitos Taha Daha (imp USA)
have arrived in Australia
from one of the top Xoloitzcuintle kennels in the world.
In less than 2 months of the breed being recognised in Australia
we are pleased to say we have been very well received, by the public and show word.
Naca (RU Group7 win) and Taha Daha (Int in Group7 win)
The future for the breed in Australia is exciting.
Jacqi & Colin DINIS
Proud to be the FIRST Xoloitzcuintle Kennel in Australasia
www.xoloaus.com
ambassador
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Volume 13 November
Comparison of the standards of the
perro sin pelo del peru
(peruvian hairless dog)
and the
Xoloitzcuintle (mexican hairless dog)
The Peruvian Standard is marked in RED and the Xolo
is in BLUE. The differences in the breed are marked as
Bold Italic and underlined I have moved the order of the
Standards around so that the various areas are together for
comparison purposes only.
Temperament: Noble and affectionate at home with
those close to him, at the same time lively and alert; he is
wary and a good guard in the presence of strangers.
Temperament/Behaviour: The Xoloitzcuintle is a silent
and calm dog, cheerful, alert and intelligent, suspicious
toward strangers, a good watchdog and an excellent
companion. It is never aggressive.
Skull: Of medium breadth. Orthoid, i.e. the upper axes
of the skull and muzzle are parallel; a slight divergence is
accepted. Seen from above, the skull is broad and the head
tapers toward the nose. The superciliary arches are well
developed. The occipital crest is hardly marked
Stop: Cranial-facial depression barely marked
(approximately 140 degrees).
Skull: Lupoid type, broad and strong, wedge-shaped.
Seen from above it is wide and elegant; tapering toward
the muzzle with an occipital protuberance that is not well
defined. The skull and muzzle planes are almost parallel.
Stop: Slight, but well defined.
Nose: The colour of the nose must be in harmony with
the different colours of the skin.
Muzzle: Seen in profile, the nasal bridge is straight.
Lips: They must be as tight as possible and close to the
gums.
Cheeks: Normally developed.
Mouth: The incisors are in a scissor bite and the canines
developed normally. The absence of one or all the pre
molars and molars is accepted. The lower jaw is only
slightly developed.
Nose: The nose should be dark in dark-coloured dogs.
It can be brown or pink in bronze-coloured dogs, pink or
brown in blond specimens and spotted in spotted dogs.
Muzzle: Seen from the side, the muzzle is straight and
the upper and lower jaws are very strong.
Jaws/Teeth:
Hairless: Xoloitzcuintle: Strong jaws. The incisors should
close perfectly in a scissor bite with the superior incisors
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Volume 13 November
overlapping; the interior surface of the superior incisors
touching the external surface of the lower incisors, squaring
the jaw. A level bite, edge to edge, is also permitted. The
absence of a few incisors, canines, molars, pre-molars or
rotated teeth should not be penalized, as many dogs do not
have deep roots. Genetically, the absence of hair is closely
linked to the absence of teeth.
Coated; Xoloitzcuintle: Full dentition with scissor or
level bite is required.
Tongue: The Xolo’s tongue is generally pink but may
have black markings, spots or stripes, which is a common
characteristic of the breed. The tongue is always inside the
mouth
Cheeks: Slightly developed.
Eyes: Alert and intelligent expression. The eyes must
be of average dimensions, slightly almond shaped, neither
deep-set nor prominent, normally and regularly placed. i.e.
neither too close together or too wide apart. The colour can
vary from black, going through all shades of brown up to
yellow, in harmony with the skin colour. In any case, both
eyes must be of the same colour. The colour of the eyelids
may go from black to pink in subjects with a light coloured
face. The light pink colours are admitted but not sought
after.
Eyes: Medium size, almond-shaped, with an alert and
very intelligent expression. The colour varies according
to the skin colour in black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow
tones. Darker colours are preferred and both eyes should
match. The eyelids should be well-pigmented black, brown
or grey in dark-coloured dogs.
Light-coloured or pink eyelids are permitted in lightcoloured dogs although this is not the most desirable colour.
Ears: The ears must be pricked when the dog is attentive,
whereas at rest, they are laid towards the back. The ears are
of medium length; broad at the base, tapering progressively
towards their tip, ending almost pointed. The ear set starts
on the upper part of the skull to end laterally and obliquely.
In the erect position, the axes of the ears form a variable
angle near 90 degrees
Ears:
Hairless variety: The ears are long, large, expressive,
very elegant and of fine texture; they are reminiscent of
“bat” ears. They should be held erect when alert. In the
alert position their axis should be 50 – 80 degrees from
horizontal.
Coated Variety: The ears are long, large and elegant. They
may be held erect or they may be down. Any position is
acceptable. Both ears should be in the same position, when
alert.
cont p 12
Kimissa CoUGar
(Kimissa) NsW
Cougar has hit the ground running,
consistently taking taking Best of
Breed over older title competition
from the minor and Puppy classes.
already a multi Class in Group
winner, we have high hopes for this
stunning young dog. With Cougar’s
good bone and correct movement he
is sure to do well in the show ring.
Flash: rUBiG Winner at 9 months old
Ch Kimissa stormy
(Kimissa) NsW
storm gained her title at 12.5 months old with
Best in Groups, runner Up in Groups and Class
in show wins. she finished 2009 as NsW No
Kimissa maveriCK
1 Chinese Crested (DoL Pointscore). on her
way to her grand title, storm excels in breed (rebecca Newton, entourage) viC
type and has lovely correct movement. Flash: mav is a stunning boy and will
continue his show career in victoria.
melbourne royal 1st intermediate Bitch.
We wish rebecca all the best with
mav. Flash: melbourne royal 1st
minor Puppy Dog & res Dog CC.
Ch WUmao GUNs aND roses
(Kimissa) NsW
many thanks to Jenny stembridge (Wumao
Kennels) for entrusting us with axyl. he is
a stunning correct sized dog and titled easily
with multi Class in Group wins. he is now
proving his worth as a stud dog being the sire
of Kimissa Cougar, maverick & merlin.
Ch Kimissa haLLoWeeN
(Julie strickland, Dragondancer) QLD
mini is a lovely girl, and attained her title
easily in sunny QLD.
Kimissa merLiN (yungstin Kennels) NsW
owned by a & C Bauerle & melissa mcmillan,
merlin won BaBy PUPPy iN GroUP on his
first weekend of showing from a very competitive
and quality line up of babies at County of Cumberland!!!
Flash: Puppy in show winner
reg & mandy Clancy
0407660
660 792
0407
792
[email protected]
www.kimissa.com
11
Volume 13 November
Neck: The upper line is curved (convex). The length is
approximately the same length as the head. The shape is near
to a truncated cone shape, supple, with good musculature.
The skin on the neck is fine, smooth and elastic. Really close
to the subcutaneous tissues. No dewlap.
Neck:
Upper line: Carried high. Upper line slightly arched.
Length: Proportionately long.
Shape: Slim, flexible, well muscled and very elegant.
Neck Skin: The skin on the neck is firm, elastic and
close fitting, without dewlap. Puppies show folds, which
disappear with age.
Body: Robust with a muscular body.
Top line: Straight, although certain subjects show
dorsal-lumbar convexity which disappears at croup
level.
Withers: Barely accentuated
Chest: Seen from the front, the chest must have good
amplitude, but without excess; come down almost to the
elbow. The ribs must be lightly sprung, never flat. The girth
of the chest, measured behind the elbows, must exceed by
about 18% the height at the withers.
Back: Top line straight, with well-developed back muscles
often forming all along the back a muscular bi-convexity
which extends to the lumbar region.
Lumbar Region: Strong and well muscled. Its length
reaches approximately 1/5th of the height at the withers.
Croup: Its upper profile is slightly convex. Its slant compared
to the horizontal is about 40 degrees. Its solid and wellmuscled conformation assures a good impulsion.
Underline and Belly: The lower profile draws an elegant
and well-marked line, which goes from the lower part of the
chest and rises along the belly, which must be well tucked
up, but without excess.
Hindquarters: The muscles are rounded and elastic. The
curve of the buttocks is well marked. The coxal-femoral
angle varies between 120 degrees and 130 degrees and the
femoral-tibial angle must be of 140 degrees. Seen from
behind, the hindquarters must be vertical. Dewclaws must
be removed
Tail: The tail is set on low. Of good thickness at its root,
it tapers towards its tip. When excited, the dog can carry
the tail raised in a round curve above the back line, but
never as curved as being rolled up. At rest, it hangs with a
slight upward hook at the tip. Sometimes carried tucked in
towards the abdomen. In length it almost reaches the hock.
The tail must not be docked.
Body: Strongly built.
Back: Top line perfectly straight and level.
Loin: Strong and muscular.
Chest: Seen in profile it is long and deep, descending
12
Volume 13 November
to the elbows. The ribs are slightly sprung but never flat.
Seen from the front the upper chest is of good breadth. The
point of the sternum should not protrude.
Belly: Graceful line. Abdomen muscled and moderately
tucked up.
Hindquarters: The profile of the croup should be slightly
convex with an inclination of approximately 40 degrees to
the horizontal. The hindquarters should be strong and well
muscled, with a moderate bend of stifle.
Hind legs: Seen from behind they are perfectly straight
and parallel. The angle of the pelvis to the upper thigh joint,
stifle and hock, are adequately open to permit both free
and strong movement of the legs.
Cow hocks are to be strongly penalized. Seen from
behind, the hind legs are never close.
Tail: Long, thin and may have some tufts of hair, tapering
from the base to the tip in the hairless Xoloitzcuintle, and
completely covered with hair in the coated Xoloitzcuintle.
In movement, it is carried up in a curve, never touching the
back. When resting, it should hang with a slight hook at the
end. Sometimes it is placed between the legs due to cold
temperatures, or, this can be considered a sign of shyness.
The tail should nearly reach the hock. The tail set should be
an extension of the croup when the dog is at rest.
Feet: The forefeet are semi-long and look like hare-feet.
The pads are strong and heat-resistant. The interdigital
membranes are well developed. The black dogs have
preferably black nails and the lighter dogs light nails. The
hind feet are the same as the forefeet.
Feet: The feet are of medium length (hare’s foot) with
toes arched and close together, may have short coarse
hairs in the Hairless Xoloitzcuintle, and be covered with
hair in the Coated Xoloitzcuintle. Nails are black in darkcoloured dogs, and lighter in bronze or blond dogs. The
nails should be trimmed. The foot pads are strong and very
resistant to any terrain. The inter-digital membranes are
well developed. Dewclaws should be removed on all four
limbs except in countries where it is illegal to remove them.
Forequarters: Well united with the body. Seen from the
front, they are perfectly vertical and the elbows are not
turned out. The angle at the shoulders joint varies from
between 100 degrees and 120 degrees. Seen in profile, the
angle formed by the pastern and the vertical will form 15
degrees to 20 degrees.
Forequarters
Forelegs: Seen from the front, they are straight and
perpendicular to the ground.
Shoulders: Flat and muscled with good scapula-humeral
angulation which allows a long, free and elegant stride.
Elbows: Strong. They fit close to the chest, never turned
outwards
cont p 16
13
Volume 13 November
14
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15
Volume 13 November
continued from page 12
Gait/Movement: Given the structure and angulations of
the above-mentioned quarters, these dogs move with a
rather short step, but fast and at the same time quite soft
and flexible.
Movement: In accordance with its angulations, the dog
should move freely with a long, elegant, springy step; trot
is quick and flowing, head and tail carried high.
Coat: To deserve the name of hairless dog, the coat
(hair) must be non-existent. Vestiges of hair on the head
and on the extremities of the legs and tail are admitted and,
sometimes, a few rare hairs appear on the back.
Colour: The colour of the hair can vary from black in
black dogs, slate black, elephant black, bluish black, the
wholes scale of greys, dark brown going to light blond. All
those colours can be uniform or show pinkish patches at all
points of the body.
Sizes: There are three sizes in the males and females –
Small from 25 to 40 cm (9 ¾ to 15 ¾ inches)
The weight is in the size of the males and females
Small from 4 to 8 kg (8.8 to 17.6 lbs)
Medium from 8 to 12 kg (17.6 to 26.4 lbs)
Large from 12 to 25 kg (26.4 to 55.1 lbs)
Hair:
Hairless variety: The characteristic of this breed is the
total lack of hair on the body (hairless or nude dog) although
there are some short, coarse thick hairs of any color on the
forehead and back of the neck that should never be longer
than 2.5 centimeters and should never form a long, soft
topknot. It is common to find rough hair on the feet and
on the end of the tail, however its absence should not be
penalized.
Coated Variety: This variety of the Xoloitzcuintle has
hair all over its body. It can be expected to have very little
hair on its belly and inside the rear legs.
Colour:
Skin: Hairless variety: Solid, uniform, dark colours are
preferred. The range includes black, blackish grey, slate
grey, dark grey, reddish, liver, bronze, and blond. There may
also be spots of any colour, including white or tri-coloured
markings.
Coat: Coated Variety: It can have any colour or
combination of colours in different tones. The hair may be
of any length or texture, covering the entire body.
Size: There are three sizes for dogs as well as bitches.
St an dar d Var iety: From 46 to 60 centimeters, toleran ce
of +2 cm in top quality dogs.
Intermediate Variety: From 36 to 45 centimeters.
Miniature Variety: From 25 to 35 centimeters.
Editor’s note: Yes these sizes overlap and we are told that
despite numerous requests to the ANKC for clarification, Prepared by Sally Johnston at the request of the editor
no change can be made at this stage.
16
Volume 13 November
Saxor
Chinese Cresteds
Ch Saxor Voodoo Doll
Saxor Pimp My Ride
Sun-Hee’s Live and Love
(imp Sweden)
Ch Dragondancer
Onwayrnothr
Here at Saxor I aim to breed
quality, sound , balanced, happy
dogs which are all PRA
and health tested.
I breed occasionally but more
importantly my dogs are very
much loved family members
All enquiries welcome, call Linda
(61) 07 3806 3398 - 0415 351 574
Ch Saxor Helta Skelta
[email protected]
www.saxor.com.au
Ch Zhannels Sexational
(imp Finland)
Ch Saxor Devil Diva
Grand Ch Zhannels
Chip n Dale
(imp Finland)
Saxor Misstress
Crestlove Maddam Lash
Saxor Hanky Panky
17
Volume 13 November
18
Volume 13 November
Gr Ch haBIBa Boys DonT Cry aT Wumao
(Imp uk)
t
William has been a consistent winner
with a BIs and ruBIs all breeds, BIss,
and multi In Group and In show wins
wumao
haBIBa oopsa DaIsy aT Wumao (Imp uk)
p
Daisy is my latest imported bitch
from the world famous habiba kennels.
Due to other commitments Daisy has rarely
been shown, however she will be campaigned
in 2011
Gr Ch Wumao eskImo pIe
t
patsy has won numerous awards
during her show career,
including a BIs all Breeds
Wumao Walk lIke a man
p
Valentino is a stunning black on black
boy showing lovely type and a beautiful head, he
is the father of Ch Wumao Guns n roses owned
by kimissa Chinese Cresteds, and also my lovely
matilda
lITTer eXpeCTeD
laTe 2010
from William and Daisy
Wumao CounTerfeIT ConTessa
p
matilda, has been sparingly shown, but
is a consistent BoB and In Group winner
Ch Wumao BomBe alaska
t
Tatiana is a beautiful correct size and
coated powder puff, she is a multi BoB,
and In Group winner
Wumao norThern nomaD
p mitchell has gone to live in Darwin
with Cathy myors
I have bred and shown consistent type and quality Chinese Cresteds for 30 years.
all my dogs are sound, healthy, correct size and prcd pra tested, and live in a home environment.
all enquiries are welcome, please call me on (61) 08 9454 8259 [email protected]
Jenny stembridge Wumao Chinese Cresteds perth Wa
19
Volume 13 November
20
Volume 13 November
Entourage Chinese Crested Dogs
Introducing our latest progeny to hit the ring
Entourage Professional Widow
Ch Chinkie Yen Special Gift X Ch. Kimissa Gold Dust
‘Tori’ is already a Baby Puppy In Group winner
Ch Chinkie Yen Special Gift
Sire of Entourage Professional Widow
‘Quigley’ came to us at 12 month old
and was titled easily with 15 and 16 point BOBs
Ch Kimissa Gold Dust
Dam of Entourage Professional Widow
‘Inka’ is a multi Class in Group and In Show winner,
titled at 13 months old
Rebecca Newton
Little River - Victoria
[email protected]
www.entouragecresteds.com
We welcome our newest star to Entourage
Kimissa Maverick
Maverick was lightly shown as a baby puppy and arrived
with us shortly before the 2010 Royal Melbourne Show,
where he won Reserve Challenge Dog out of an entry of
43 Chinese Cresteds. Many thanks go to Mandy and Reg
Clancy for giving Maverick to us. He undoubtedly will be
a huge influence and asset to our kennels in the future.
21
Volume 13 November
22
Volume 13 November
Ch Cloisone Domino (left)
and Ch Cloisone Fantasia
(below)
These two girls have
won BOB
at nearly every show
where they have been
entered.
Cloisone
Marlena Hayhow
Our rising star is
Ch Cloisone I Got Rhythm,
Baby Puppy in Show at the 4Ps,
the second show he entered,
titled with BIG at Stroud
under Toy Specialist
Mr T Tancred.
[email protected]
NationalNational
Dog - The Dog
RingLEADER
Way Breed Feature
- The RingLEADER
Way
3323
Volume
1313November
Volume
Nos 7&8
Original sculpture by Jaqui Downes,
Adelaide
For enquries about Jacqui’s work
[email protected]
24
Volume 13 November
Dosangeles Kreme Karamel
“MEL”
Sire: Hashki Almost Famous Dam: Ch Dosangeles Fine Feathers
Breeder: Mrs PA Cracknell
Owned by: Pamela Bennett & Jill Dunckley (61) 02 6723 1235 [email protected]
Fine original painting by an international artist
mixed media, 30 cms x 40 cms, $350 unframed
available from ArtVest Australia,
0412 557 236 [email protected]
25
Volume 13 November
My heart is the heart of the Condor
My eyes are the eyes of the eagle
My blood is the blood of the ancient races
My swiftness is the swiftness of the hummingbird
Do not doubt my lineage as it is the history of my race
My kind were here before the Chimú
We saw the rise and the fall of the mighty Inca
We witnessed the savagery of the Conquistadores
We survived, We are Peru!
have long limbs and elegance. The Peruvian Hairless
Dog most resembles Greyhounds with its structure
and speed.
BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
of the Peruvian Hairless
According to certain experts, this dog was introduced
into Peru during the Chinese immigration, soon after the
promulgation of the law abolishing the slavery of blacks by
the President of Peru, Don Ramon Castilla. On the other
hand, other searchers suppose that this dog comes from
the African continent through the intermediary of nomads
who arrived in America accompanied by their hairless
dogs. Another possible explanation is that the presence of
this dog would be due to the migration of men and their
dogs from Asia to America through the Bering Strait.
However, there are certain proofs such as the
representations which appear on ceramics of different
pre-Inca civilizations (Vicus, Mochica, Chancay under
Tiahuanacoid influence, Chimu); in many cases the hairless
dog has replaced the Puma, the Snake or the Falcon, this in
particular and in a more evident way in the Chancay culture.
As we can gather from the reproductions, the hairless dog
appears during the pre-Inca archaeological periods, i.e.
between the years 300 BC and the years 1400 AD
GENERAL
APPEARANCE:
Going by his general
conformation, it is an
elegant and slim dog,
whose aspect expresses
speed,
strength
and
harmony without ever
appearing coarse. He is
of noble and affectionate
nature with those nearest
to him. He is reserved
towards strangers, lively,
alert and a good guard
dog.
The breed is very rare
and very primitive. Their anatomy is stronger and more
substantially structured than a traditional Sighthound,
but they possess the Sighthound-like characteristics of
speed and keen vision and hearing. The dog needs to
26
Volume 13 November
Heidi Gustafsson
Important proportions: The ratio between the height at
the withers and the length of the body is of 1:1; the body of
the females can be slightly longer than that of the males. The Peruvian Hairless Dog should be relatively squarelike and even with the bitch the length of the body should
not be too long because the dog has to look elegant and
long-limbed and even though the females are longer in
body they are still squarish. Length in females should be
in the loin and not the ribcage.
CHARACTERISTICS: This breed has, as a fundamental
characteristic, the absence of hair all over the body. Another
particular feature is that the dentition is nearly always
incomplete.
NB Tusks, forward pointing canines, can also occur. No
dog should be penalised for missing teeth.
The Standard points out two fundamental
characteristics of the breed. The absence of hair all
over the body and incomplete dentition.
Scientific experiments on other hairless breeds
suggest a dominant semi-lethal gene to be responsible
for both the hairlessness and the defective teeth in the
dog.”
TEMPERAMENT: Noble and affectionate at home with
those close to him, at the same time lively and alert; he is
wary. A good guard in the presence of strangers.
This dog can be very shy at first; Peruvians need
time to trust new people and things. Do not expect to
be overwhelmed by wagging tails and kisses. Approach
the dog with a no nonsense attitude and pat him.
If you approach slowly with hands out, the dog
assumes the worse and backs away. Performing in a
UK Ch Vanitonia Unwrapped
First Crested to ever win BIS at an
all breeds championship show in the UK
Currently with
7 All Breed BIS
2 All Breed RUBIS
BIS Chinese Crested Club of GB
9 Group 1st, 4 Group 2nd, 2 Group 3rd
17 CCs and 17 BOBS
Winner of the Puppy of the Year final
A/B 2009
Winner of the Eukanuba Champions final
A/B 2010
Lee Cox & Tom Isherwood
www.vanitonia.co.uk
Nora
27
Volume 13 November
show ring is not at all natural for a Peruvian because
cautiousness towards all new things and people is in
its character. The cautiousness of the breed appears
as timidness, because the dog does not want a strange
person touching it, particularly on the head. (editor’s
note: another Sighthound characteristic). The Peruvian
demands a great deal of time to learn the routine of the
show ring. A dog that is too afraid to move in the ring
and is clearly trembling with fear should be heavily
penalised. Also, biting attempts or the showing of the
teeth towards the judge or other exhibits should not be
accepted as normal behaviour. Such a dog should not
receive any award. Normal cautiousness is accepted in
a young dog but mature dogs should be able to perform
normally in the show ring.
HEAD: The head is of wolf like conformation.
Skull: Of medium breadth.
Orthoïd, i.e. the upper axes
of the skull and muzzle are
parallel; a slight divergence is
accepted. Seen from above,
the skull is broad and the head tapers toward the nose. The
superciliary arches are well developed. The occipital crest
is hardly marked.
Stop: Cranial-facial depression barely marked
(approximately 140 degrees).
Nose: The colour of the nose must be in harmony with
the different colours of the skin.
Muzzle: Seen in profile, the nasal bridge is straight. Lips:
They must be as tight as possible and close to the gums
Cheeks: Normally developed.
EYES: Alert and intelligent expression. The eyes must
be of average dimensions, slightly almond shaped, neither
deep-set nor prominent, normally and regularly placed, i.e.
neither too close together nor too wide apart. The colour
can vary from black, going through all shades of brown
up to yellow, in harmony with the skin colour. In any case,
both eyes must be of the same colour. The colour of the
eyelids may go from black to pink in subjects with a light
coloured face. The light pink colours are admitted but not
sought after.
28
Volume 13 November
If a dog has a patched or
Clown Face and the patches
do not cover the eye then
the eyelids may well be
pink, as that part of the skin
contains no melanin, this is
not a fault and should not
be penalised.
EARS: The ears must
be pricked when the dog is
attentive, whereas at rest, they
are laid towards the back. The
ears are of medium length;
broad at the base, tapering
progressively towards their
tip, ending almost pointed. The ear set starts on the upper
part of the skull to end laterally and obliquely. In the erect
position, the axes of the ears form a variable angle near 90
degrees.
Ears are not at 90 degrees but NEAR 90 degrees.
Ears should be placed a little on the side of the head.
One should pay attention to the size of the ears they should be RELATIVELY LARGE and erect, rather
than small. The ears should not be dropped or be roseshaped. The judge should see the dog in the ring, at
least once, with its ears erect. The Standard approves
only erect and while at rest, (they may) lay towards the
back. The ears should be thin. Normally they are thin
and even soft but they should stay up. Under faults the
Standard names semi-erect, hanging or cropped ears
as faults.
MOUTH: The incisors are in a scissor bite and the
canines developed normally. The absence of one or all the
pre molars and molars is accepted. The lower jaw is only
slightly developed.
The dogs normally have some premolars; it is
sufficient if the dog has 4+4 incisors. Many do not have
canine teeth. It is a rarity to find dogs that have plenty
of teeth and are still a TRUE hairless! Dogs with too
much hair often have all teeth like the coated version.
There is however a lot more to a dog than its teeth.
The dogs in Peru rarely have full mouths - the lack of
teeth is real and the breeders cannot make miracles in
a second. If one has to decide between an over-hairy
dog with teeth or a true hairless with lesser teeth, the
hairless is absolutely better. Some individuals lose
some of their teeth during the years and others don’t
even get some of their teeth. It is often that young dogs
lose their permanent teeth because the root of the
tooth doesn’t develop properly.
NECK: The upper line is curved (convex). The length
is approximately the same length as the head. The shape
is near to a truncated cone shape, supple, with good
Underline and Belly: The lower profile draws an elegant
musculature.
and well-marked line which goes from the lower part of the
The skin on the neck is fine, smooth and elastic, chest and rises along the belly which must be well tucked
really close to the subcutaneous tissues. No dewlap.
up, but without excess.
HINDQUARTERS: The muscles are rounded and elastic.
FOREQUARTERS: Well united with the body. Seen The curve of the buttocks is well marked. The coxal-femoral
from the front, they are perfectly vertical and the elbows angle varies between 120 degrees and 130 degrees. And
are not turned out. The angle at the shoulders joint varies the femoral-tibial angle must be of 140 degrees. Seen from
from between 100 degrees and 120 degrees. Seen in profile, behind, the hindquarters must be vertical. Dewclaws must
the angle formed by the pastern and the vertical will form be removed.
15 degrees to 20 degrees.
The angulation of the hindquarters should clearly
Students of the breed should note minimum balance that of the forequarters. The curve of the
angulation is required in this breed. Perfectly straight buttocks is clearly defined. When viewed from the side
when viewed from the front, together with a distinct or behind the rear pastern should be vertical.
angulation in pastern are the requirements of the
FEET: The forefeet are semi-long and look like hare-feet.
Standard.
The pads are strong and heat-resistant. The interdigital
membranes are well developed. The black dogs have
BODY: ELEGANT (not Robust) with a muscular body. preferably black nails The lighter dogs light nails the hind
feet are the same as the forefeet.
The feet of a Peruvian are webbed, as you would
expect in a water dog. The breed was developed on the
western side of Peru where little rain falls. The webbing
along with the short step enables the dog to run up sand
dunes after prey. Black dogs can have some white nails
too, but black is preferred. All nails, however, must
be very strong and long. The dogs have a massive nail
growth and if the nails are not clipped often the toes
“spread” and the shape of the paw alters and lowers.
Dewclaws are not allowed in the hind legs.
TAIL: The tail is set on low. Of good thickness at its root,
it tapers towards its tip. When excited, the dog can carry
the tail raised in a round curve above the back line, but
never as curved as being rolled up. At rest, it hangs with a
slight upward hook at the tip. Sometimes carried tucked in
towards the abdomen In length it almost reaches the hock.
Topline: Straight, although certain subjects show dorsal- The tail must not be docked.
lumbar convexity which disappears at croup level.
It is acceptable for the tail to be tucked in towards
Withers: Barely accentuated.
the abdomen. The tail can have a few longer hairs. One
Chest: Seen from the front, the chest must have good should pay attention to the length of the tail. It must not
amplitude, but without excess; come down almost to the be too short nor should the hair be taken into account
elbow. The ribs must be lightly sprung, never flat. The girth when estimated the length of the tail. A self-confident
of the chest, measured behind the elbows, must exceed by male carries its tail up and the tip of the tail can form a
about 18% the height at the withers.
loop, but the tail rolling up to a ball or resembling the
Back: Topline straight, with well-developed back muscles letter O is not allowed.
often forming all along the back a muscular bi-convexity,
SKIN: The skin must be smooth and elastic all over the
which extends to the lumbar region.
body, but can form rounded almost concentric lines on
Lumbar region: Strong and well muscled. Its length the head and round the eyes and the cheeks. It has been
reaches approximately 1/5th of the height at the withers.
checked that the internal and external temperature of these
Croup: Its upper profile is slightly convex.
dogs is exactly the same as other breeds. The absence of
Its slant compared to the horizontal is about 40 degrees. hair leads to an immediate and direct emanation of heat,
Its solid and well-muscled conformation assures a good different from the hairy subjects, where the heat filters
impulsion.
through the coat by natural ventilation.
29
Volume 13 November
The term hairless means that a few single hairs are
allowed on the body of the dog, but on top of the head
hair should be short and it should appear as little as
possible. The dog should have normal whiskers and
they should not be shaved off. It is also normal to have
single hairs under the eyes and on the throat. The
borders of the hair are seldom clear and sharp. If it is so,
there is reason to believe that the dog has been shaven
or otherwise handled. Also in other areas where there
is hair or single hairs, they cannot have clear borders.
There are also genuinely hairless dogs, which have only
a few hairs on the head, toes and body. It is allowed
that the toes have hair but it should not be abundant
or rise high in the limbs. The skin is warm, soft and
flexible. There are allowed to be scars and marks on
the skin.
It must be remembered that the more hairless the
dog is, the better.
and on the extremities of the legs and tail are admitted and,
sometimes, a few rare hairs appear on the back.
There are also genuinely hairless dogs, which have
only a few hairs on the head, toes and body. It is allowed
that the toes have hair but it should not be abundant or
rise high in the limbs. Hair on the tail can be abundant
but it is not hoped for. With other dogs the hair can
be long. At least one third of the tail’s root should be
hairless. You must remember that the more hairless
the dog is, the better
COLOUR: The colour of the hair can vary from black
in black dogs, slate black, elephant black, bluish black, the
wholes scale of greys, dark brown going to light blond. All
those colours can be uniform or show pinkish patches at all
points of the body.
The Standard is clear as to the colours allowed.
The breed reveals itself as a variety of colours, with a
solid coloured body being more common than a multi
coloured body, but neither being the exclusive rule. No
preference should be shown in the judging ring in this
regard. THREE SIZES
Large Size
GAIT/MOVEMENT: Given the structure and
angulations of the above-mentioned quarters, these dogs
move with a rather short step, but fast and at the same time
quite soft and flexible.
There are two types of movement that are approved:
Short and fast movements when the dog moves with
flexible steps.
Other dogs move like the Paso Fino horses, lifting
their legs high and that is also approved in this breed.
This gait is designed for the dog to run through sand
dunes in the most effective and efficient way assisted
by the webbed feet. A Peruvian should never move
with long steps, even if it looked great. Neither should
the dog have a Hackney gait. Nor are the wrists loose
or soft. The angulation should be minimal in both
the front and the rear, especially the rear angulations
which should not be too strong
COAT: To deserve the name of hairless dog, the coat
(hair) must be non-existent. Vestiges of hair on the head
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Volume 13 November
Medium Size
Small Size
Small from 25 to 40 cm (9 ¾ to 15 ¾ inches)
from 4 to 8 kg (8.8 to 17.6 lbs)
from 8 to 12 kg (17.6 to 26.4 lbs)
from 12 to 25 kg (26.4 to 55.1 lbs)
(ND editor’s note: Yes, you have just read it correctly,
according to the published ANKC Standard, all these
heights and weights overlap! It would therefore seem
impossible for breeders, exhibitors, show secretaries and
judges to classify them into the correct variety).
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:
Upper or lower prognathism. Deviated jaw (Wry Mouth).
Hanging or cropped ears. Tail-less, short tail, docked tail.
Excessively hairy on the parts of the body
authorised by the Standard.
Presence of hair on other parts of the body
not authorised by the Standard
Albinism.
NB: Male animals should have two apparently normal
testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
JUDGING
THE PERUVIAN HAIRLESS DOG When judging, the judges should pay more attention
to the true hairless qualifications than to the lack of teeth.
What is a true hairless?
The Peruvian is ALLOWED to have a little hair on
the top of the head, on the tail and on the tip of the toes.
Some single hairs are also allowed in the body as long as
they don’t form a united patch. THAT IS ALL the Breed
Standard allows! The dog is allowed to have a larger amount
of hair on the top of the head so long as it is clearly and
NATURALLY defined on the top of the head and doesn’t
cover the structure of the skull
Many times judges ponder on true hairless dogs,
considering if they are shaved or if they have very little
hair. Normally if the dog is a true hairless, you don’t have
to think hard to see it is a true hairless. But with those
individuals that have a lot of hair on the tail (and specially if
you can see that the hair is shortened), neck, head and feet,
the judge has to make the decision if THEY think that the
dog is truly hairless and what the amount of hair/hairless
is he approves. Many individuals grow hair on the side of
the ear and that is usually cut off. Single hairs under the
eyes and in the body are allowed. You can have single hairs
on the throat but no long neck hair or the remnants of a
shaved neck!
Every dog is born with whiskers and they will only be
removed with shaving! The Breed Standard doesn’t say that
one should shave the whiskers. That custom which has
been brought in from the Chinese Crested dogs should not
be approved. (ND editor’s note: nor should it be approved
in the Chinese Cresteds, NO shaving should be permitted
in that breed either!). Normally the line of hair rises high on
the limbs with over-hairy dogs, even showing longhairs. If
the individual is really over-hairy there are normally some
hairs on the spine. There are also some dogs whose face
is entirely covered with hair. The hair should be short but
NOT SHORT-SHAVED/CLIPPED/CUT. One should learn
to tell the difference between a true hairless and a shaved
dog. Over-hairy dogs should never be given a prize, under
any circumstances.
Bite flaws should be noted at dog shows and absolutely
also the tongue problem which should not be approved
as normal. Even just a hanging tongue should affect the
evaluation as a failing fault; otherwise some of the breeders
would not consider it as a serious problem.
Movement is another consideration that judges need
to examine. Do not expect a correct Peruvian to move
with great reach and drive. The shoulder construction
tells you that the dog cannot and should not move like
this. The action is short with the dog pulling the pastern
back quickly. It is NOT a hackney action. As we have said
constantly this was bred into the dog to facilitate moving
up and down sand dunes. A dog that reaches excessively
cannot maintain his swiftness going up a sandy slope. The
webbed feet are another feature of the breed and should
be present in all Peruvians. This is also an adaptation for
moving up and over dunes.
Some amount of timidness and cautiousness has to be
allowed in the dog - but it must never be a fear-biter. It is
not typical for the breed to “mouth off ” in the ring although
males will rise to a challenge from another male dog.
This is the ideal Peruvian – and this is what we hope the
breed will stay like.
The Coated Variety
Although the coated dogs are not allowed to be shown
in most FCI countries they can be bred from in several
countries who are clever enough to have an understanding
of the genetics behind hairless dogs, they are an important
part of the breed. They come in various coat lengths and
types, In France they can become champions.
There are three coat types, one smooth, one slightly
longer and one very shaggy. All are correct for the breed.
•ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
•Standard Translated by: Mrs Peggy Davis
•Votkin Paivi –Finland •Chan Melanie-USA National Dog - The RingLEADER Way Breed Feature
31
Volume 13 November
MIRRIE CARDEW
Simon Parsons, Dog World, 12 November 2010
MANY old-timers will be sad to hear of the death of one
of the dog world’s more colourful figures, Miriam St Erme
Cardew, always known as Mirrie.
She died peacefully on October 30, aged 87.
Although interested and involved in a wide variety
of breeds, she will probably best be remembered for her
highly successful Basenjis. During the war she had helped
Veronica Tudor-Williams at her famous ‘of the Congo’
kennel, but it was in the 1960s, by now married to Tony
Cardew, that she established her own kennel, starting
with Andersley Atlantia, who became the last of the many
Basenji champions bred in Betty Anderson’s important
Scottish kennel.
The dog who made Mirrie a household name in the breed
was Ch St Erme Fula Falcon of the Congo, bred by Miss
Tudor-Williams in partnership with Una Beckingham.
A striking beautifully headed quality dog of great ring
presence, he was campaigned extensively by Mirrie and
piled up a then record number of CCs, and was also an
important sire.
In subsequent years, Mirrie campaigned two other great
ones, Ch St Erme Dancing Eagle, who was one of a litter of
three champions sired by Falcon late in life, and Ch St Erme
Jolly Swagman. Co-owned with Mrs Beckingham, he was
a son of Miss Tudor-Williams’ import Ch/Aust Ch Afrika
Royal Challenge of the Congo, and had a show career which
matched that of his ancestor Falcon.
(above) Staround Inca
drawn by Dierdre Ashdown
(before the breed had CCs)
(above)
Ch Heathermount
Pharaoh of Moonswift
o: Diana Bowdler-Townsend
(photo F Garwood)
At seven weeks,
St Erme Wild Orchid
(Australian Champion)
photo by Tony Cardew
58
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Volume 13
13 November
November
Volume
Notable especially for his classical head and quality, he
too was a significant sire.
While based at Ashwell Hall in Rutland, Mirrie bred
quite extensively and there were a number of other St Erme
champions, and she exported widely to many countries
where several St Ermes founded important kennels.
At home Alan Jenkin’s Ch St Erme Floral Dance was one
of the most admired bitches of her generation.
Mirrie also had the distinction of making up the UK’s
first black and white champion, Taysenji Yoko, having
bought him from breeder Elspet Ford with two CCs.
Her canine enthusiasms were varied and while at
Ashwell she kept a variety kennel, along with pedigree
cats and other animals. Terriers were a special interest; a
number of Wire Fox Terriers were owned and bred and had
a considerable influence in Scandinavia, and in Lakelands
she owned Ch Coral of St Erme, who did a lot of winning
and was grandmother of Ch St Erme Trendy of Stansted for
the Graham family.
She acquired a Vicbrita champion Maltese, made up a
homebred Chihuahua champion and her involvement in
toy dogs culminated in owning one of the early kennels
of Chinese Cresteds. Again the St Erme Cresteds can be
found in many pedigrees.
Mirrie was a well known judge of her own breeds at home
and abroad and had a long-standing interest in Pharaoh
and Ibizan Hounds too. She wrote books, mainly aimed at
new owners, on the Basenji and Crested.
She is survived by Tony and their five sons, Marcus, Paul,
Jeremy, Julian and Nicholas, and by their grandchildren
and great-grandchildren.
(top right)
St Erme Swanky Doodle
at 12 weeks
from a drawing
by Sue Lovett
CHINESE CRESTEDS - THE WAY WE WERE
AUST CH ST ERME CRESTED PONY (imp UK)
BIS County of Cumberland 24/9/79
two days after release from quarantine
Stuart &
Wendye Slatyer
& Peter Warby
AUST CH
HEATHERMOUNT
BLAZE AWAY
(imp UK) 1978
ST ERME WILD ORCHID &
ST ERME CRESTED PONY (imp UK)
the day after release from quarantine
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Volume 13 November
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Volume 13 November
Lascie worked to establish breed type and helped develop the Standard for
the Xoloitzcuintle for the Federacion Cinologique Internacional (FCI). She
stated that “Xolos are a work of art”. The Xoloitzcuintle later became Mexico’s
National dog and is very much revered by the Mexican people. Most of the
Xolos in Europe and many of the finest in the US and Mexico are descended
from Lascelles de Premio Real’s breeding stock
Norman Wright (British Ambassador to Mexico) & Lascelles de
Premio Real. Photo taken on the first expedition to the Rio Balsas
region near the village of Tlapehuala, in search of Xolos.
Lampi, one of the Xolox brought back from Tlapehuala
(left) Malinche (Premio Real) Mex at
Lascie and some of her Xolos
the Xoloitzcuintle Club USA National
Specialty with owner Brenda Armstrong.
Malinche was born 8/14/95
Malinche, the last of Lascie’s Xolos
Barbara Griffin
Gwinn-Dell Xoloitzcuintle
[email protected]
with the help of Patty Hoover
Mex CH, XCUSA National BOSS CH
Shida Forever Young
(call name “Evie”)
Variety/size: Miniature (FCI) / Toy (AKC)
Color: Bronze
Sire: Nevado de Colima (Hoover) Mex FCI
Dam: Wawahki (Hoover) Mex FCI
Owners: Jewel Waldrip and Jennifer Young-Johnson
Breeder Jennifer Young-Johnson
Photo credit: Tom Weigand.
Evie is a 5-year old female. Photos of her have been used to illustrate
both proper head and bronze color in the XCA Illustrated Standard.
[email protected]
36
Volume 13 November
The Chinese Crested - Breed Origin The Hairless Mutation - Dentition - Temperament
Compiled by Hélène Bélanger
In collaboration with The Canadian Chinese Crested Club of Canada
BREED ORIGINS
As with many breeds there is
some dispute over the origins
of the Chinese Crested Dog.
However, it is almost certain that
despite its name, the Chinese
Crested Dog did not originate
in China. Until very recently the
two most popular theories had
the Chinese Crested originating
in either Africa or South
America. On both continents
there are similar primitive
type dogs. In South and Central
America in particular there are
a couple of hairless breeds that
share very similar morphology
to the Chinese Crested, and it
is not inconceivable that the
Crested and these other hairless
breeds share a similar ancestry.
Recent genetic research has isolated the mutation
responsible for the hairless characteristics in all three
identified hairless breeds (the Crested, the Peruvian Inca
Dog, and the Xoloitzcuintli from Mexico) and the mutation
is identical. This leads researchers to conclude that these
breeds share a common origin. As there are artefacts in
Mexico that date back 4,000 years that depict hairless dogs
looking remarkably like modern Xolos it would be hard
to argue that Mexico is not the wellspring for the hairless
family of dogs including the Crested.
Apparently, and here is where the Chinese connection
comes in, they were not uncommon on board Chinese
merchant trading vessels, but were first identified in their
modern form in Europe and attributed to Chinese origin
in the late 18th Century - although by then specimens of
the breed could be found world-wide. The ratter theory
seems highly possible, as many breeders will attest that
most Cresteds have a high prey drive and will chase small
animals.
The first Chinese Crested dogs brought to Great Britain
were exhibited as part of a zoological show. There was no
breeding program put into place to continue the breed, so
the Chinese Crested disappeared from England for a time.
The first Chinese Crested to be registered in Great Britain
was in 1881. The Kennel Club there focused its attention
(through the Standard) on two distinct types of Chinese
Crested Dogs, the “Deer” and the “Cobby”. Not until 1984
did the Kennel Club agree to make provision for the third
type, which is found in most litters, that of the fully coated
Chinese Crested, the “Powder Puff ”.
The Chinese Crested’s American past can be traced back
over a century. In 1880 a New Yorker, Ida Garrett, became
interested in the breed and was involved in breeding,
exhibition and writing about the Chinese Crested for over
sixty years. Mrs Garrett also shared her enthusiasm for the
breed with Debra Woods, whom she met in the 1920s. For
nearly forty years these two women worked together to
promote the Chinese Crested dog breed in the USA.
Another person that was very involved in the promotion
of the Chinese Crested worldwide was the American
singer, dancer and entertainer Gypsy Rose Lee. Her sister
had rescued a Chinese Crested Dog from a Connecticut
animal shelter and had given it to Ms Lee. Ms Lee was so
taken with the breed she became a breeder and protector
of the Chinese Crested.
It is to be noted that most active Crested kennels in
the world can trace the ancestry of their dogs to the Crest
Haven (Debra Woods) and Ms Lee.
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Volume 13 November
In Canada, Mrs Glenna Fierheller of Four Halls Kennels
was instrumental in getting the Chinese Crested recognized
by the Canadian Club. In 1987 while on a trip to England,
Mrs Fierheller attended a Crufts Dog Show and fell in love
with the breed. She acquired her foundation dogs from Amy
Fernandez of Razzmatazz Kennels and after dedicating her
efforts to popularize the breed, in 1992 the CKC agreed to
recognize the Chinese Crested in Canada.
The Chinese Crested was officially recognized by the
Fédération Cynologique Internationale http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Chinese_Crested_Dog - cite_note-12# 1987, by
The Kennel Club (UK) in 1981, by the American Kennel
Club in 1991, the Canadian Kennel Club in 1992 and by the
Australian National Kennel Council in 1995.
THE HAIRLESS MUTATION
A team of European scientists, led by Tosso Leeb of the
University of Berne in Switzerland, had been searching
for years for the genetic roots of the Chinese Crested’s
hairlessness and its abnormal dentition.
Recent research has finally revealed that the hairless
mutation results from the insertion of seven letters of
genetic code, named FOXI3, into a gene on chromosome
17. This error turns a coated dog into a hairless. Analysis
of DNA samples from 140 hairless dogs (Xolos, Peruvian
Inca Orchids and Chinese Cresteds) and 87 coated dogs
confirmed that every coated dog in the study lacked the
mutation, and every hairless dog possessed one copy.
Researchers were unable to find a single instance of a
matched pair of genes containing this seven letter DNA
duplication.
The most accurate and revealing study on the mechanics
of dominant hairlessness was conducted by the famed
British researcher Dr Roy Robinson in the 1980s. Based
on litter records submitted by British Chinese Crested
breeders over several years Robinson concluded that the
hairless trait is an autosomal semi dominant mutation. The
new research confirms his findings.
The defining trait of both of these breeds is due to a major
mutation, which originally provided an environmental
adaptive response. Hairlessness is a common spontaneous
mutation that occurs randomly in most mammalian
species. When it first occurred in a canine population in
Western Mexico, it must have provided an advantage. It’s
unlikely that Colima Indians would have had the means or
desire to artificially perpetuate a fancy or detrimental trait.
This advantage could have included increased resistance
to external parasites and an extremely high tolerance for
heat. Contrary to popular belief, these breeds DO NOT
have sweat glands in their skin. They pant to dissipate
excess body heat like any other dog. They do however, have
a much higher than average tolerance for heat.
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Volume 13 November
Selective breeding has increased the number of hair
follicles and some hairless Cresteds now possess an
extremely dense coat, but only the Powderpuff variety
should have a double coat.
Excess body hair has become more common in Cresteds
because of consistent selection for coat density and longer,
coarser, stronger coat texture. This can range from fully
coated legs and a ridge of hair running the length of the
back, to a complete coat that thins out over the abdomen.
The Powderpuff has no thin or bare areas of coat and the
undercoat should not be thinned or stripped out and the
coat should not be scissored or sculpted.
Hairless dogs darken or tan when exposed to the sun.
Slate and blue dogs will turn a deep blue/black. Pink and
liver shades will become darker bronze or mahogany.
However, even when dark, there will be some lighter and
darker variations in the skin colour.
For 500 years, anecdotal evidence has strongly suggested
a genetic link between the hairless trait and incomplete
dentition even though this idea defies conventional dog
breeding wisdom. A traditional view tells us that selective
breeding should produce steady improvement and the
eradication of perceived faults.
It is therefore easy to dismiss the continued appearance
of incomplete dentition as mere sloppy, careless breeding.
But experienced breeders will admit that this trait regularly
appears despite the best efforts to select against it. The
gene responsible for the hairless trait is now identified as
FOXI3. Although its exact function is not yet completely
understood, we know that the protein encoded by this
mutation activates development of hair and teeth.
Breeders new to the breed might believe that breeding
a Powderpuff to a Hairless Chinese Crested will correct or
improve dentition, this theory is proven untrue.
Most Hairless are lacking premolars. Some have
incomplete incisors and primitive looking canine teeth.
Some Hairless also possess completely normal dentition.
Incomplete dentition is a variable trait. It is not a sign of
breed purity.
Typical example of Hairless dentition missing
premolars, incomplete incisors.
Fig A: Upper and Lower Jaw
Left: Level bite with missing incisors,
teeth are uniformly placed.
Middle: Mouth is missing adult canine and incisor.
Right: Reverse scissor with all front teeth, but has retained
baby canines and will never get adult ones. Most likely, if
they are well rooted, they could last the life of the dog.
Left: Bite missing some premolars and molars.
Middle: Retained baby upper canines,
large adult bottom canines.
Right: Missing upper canines.
In some mouths, if the bottom canines are large they will
push the teeth forward. If the top canines are only baby ones,
there is nothing to move the adult incisors forward. Many
of the front teeth in Cresteds point forward, not just the
tusk-like canines. Then, add that the mouths continuously
move in these guys. In every Crested, this may stop at 2
years, 4 years, or slowly and almost unnoticeably keep
changing throughout their life.
The teeth of the Hairless variety can differ in shape from
those in a normal mouth. The canines are often (but not
always) conical and point forward; these are referred to as
tusks. This is a characteristic which applies to both good
and bad “Hairless” mouths.
The shape of the incisors can vary considerably. Some
are no more than little pegs protruding from the gums.
Others are almost normal. Sometimes a full complement
of narrow “pegs” can look as though they have been thrown
in haphazardly. The number of teeth present can also vary.
In the worst example, many may be missing, having never
been present at all.
Occasionally, milk teeth which showed great promise are
not replaced with adult teeth; and where milk teeth have
been missing, adult teeth can appear! The teeth that are
present can be poorly rooted. For example, incisors may
point forward like tusks, but may fall out at an early age.
Pre-molars will be missing from the Hairless variety - one,
two, or maybe all of them.
Even a good Hairless mouth may be without first and
second pre-molars, and this should be accepted as normal.
Tusks and missing pre-molars are not mentioned in the
Standard, but these characteristics should be acknowledged
as typical of the Hairless mouth. Some Hairless retain their
teeth most of their life - the hairless gene expresses itself in
various degrees with dentition and coat density/placement.
Undershot, overshot and wry bites are not linked to
the hairless trait. Misalignment can be more difficult to
assess if several teeth are missing but it will affect the dog’s
expression regardless of the presence or absence of teeth.
When judging both varieties, emphasis should be placed
on expression, structure, balance and movement. Since the
Powderpuff variety does not carry the hairless gene, full
and normal dentition is expected. The Hairless should not
be penalized for lack of dentition.
TEMPERAMENT: Chinese Cresteds are friendly,
affectionate, lively, alert, intelligent, agile and inquisitive
dogs. In general, this breed is motivated to please their
owners therefore are highly trainable. Most Cresteds are
highly food motivated and will bounce for any small morsel.
Chinese Cresteds excel in Agility, Obedience, Rally and
other performance canine sports. The hairless variety is
not as fragile as they may appear although they cannot
tolerate extreme cold weather, unlike coated breeds, they
can tolerate very hot days.
Judges should be aware that cold weather will affect the
ring performance of most hairless dogs.
HEALTH ISSUES: Eye problems such as lens luxation,
glaucoma and two forms of PRA (Progressive Retinal
Atrophy), luxating patellas, Legg-Perthes disease, liver
shunt and skin allergies.
LIFESPAN: Between 12 to 15 years.
Contributed by: The Chinese Crested Club of Canada
Amy Fernandez - Razzmatazz Kennels
Marie DuBois - Rompford Kennels
Engraving taken from a very old reference book, accompanied by the
following text: "The only remaining of a litter of six, born from parents imported
from China, both of which are now dead. She is two years old (1899) but has never
bred in consequence of a difficulty in finding a mate of the same strain. As would
be expected from her greyhound shape, she is fast and active, very affectionate
in disposition, so that if the breed could be naturalised it would be acceptable to
many as a novelty in the pet department."
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Volume 13 November
MYTHS and TRUTHS of the BREED
There are a number of ‘interesting’ so
called truths that are constantly being
passed from person to person about
Chinese Crested Dogs.
MYTH: Chinese Cresteds should move like a Prancing
Pony. The movement of the Chinese Crested should be
high stepping, so that the dog looks like a prancing pony.
The Standard on which the breed is assessed states
that the Chinese Crested should move with reach
and drive; this does not equate to a high stepping,
‘prancing pony’ type movement. “Gait/Movement Long, flowing and elegant with good reach and plenty
of drive”. (Chinese Crested Dog Standard, Kennel Club
London 1994. Amended October 1995. F.C.I Standard
No 288)
MYTH: Hairless Chinese Crested Dogs have a higher
body temperature than coated dogs. Hairless Chinese
Crested Dogs feel very warm to the touch, therefore it is
believed that they have a higher temperature than coated
breeds of dog.
The body temperature of hairless dogs, including
the Chinese Crested Dog, is the same as that of coated
breeds. The skin of the Hairless Chinese Crested ‘feels’
hot to touch as they do not have body hair to insulate
the heat their body produces. The Hairless Crested’s
skin may feel cool or cold to the touch in cold weather
or when there is a strong breeze, not because their
temperature has dropped, but because the body heat
is not being trapped against the skin by hair. The
internal body temperature of a coated dog and that of
the hairless Crested is the same.
Many of these are myths.
So what are the truths?
What are the myths?
Here some will be explained.
MYTH: Due to the Hairless being hairless, they are
more delicate than other breeds of dog. It is believed that
because the hairless has no body hair it must be delicate
and easily injured.
The Hairless Chinese Crested Dog is a small dog,
and as such more delicate than a Rottweiler, but they
are usually quite sturdy. They love to play, run, jump,
chase, hunt, etc, all without being hurt.
MYTH: Powder Puffs are born in each litter to keep
their hairless siblings warm. It is thought that because
hairless puppies do not have hair, they need their coated
siblings to keep them warm.
As with any breed, newborn puppies need to be kept
warm; being a hairless Chinese Crested is no different.
Powder puffs are born with a short coat and are no
more able to keep their hairless brothers and sisters
warm than those of coated breeds.
A litter of Chinese Crested Dogs may be entirely
hairless, entirely powder puff or a mixture of both. It
is the job of the mother to keep her babies warm.
MYTH: The Powder Puff variety of Chinese Crested
Dog looks like an Afghan Hound. It is often thought that
a Powder Puff should have the appearance of a small
Afghan Hound and that they should be groomed as such.
The Powder Puff has a very different coat from the
Afghan Hound, finer and lighter with more lift. The
outline of a deer type Crested has a similar outline
MYTH: Hairless Cresteds are shaved to be hairless. to the Afghan Hound, but it is virtually impossible to
Some believe that Chinese Crested hairless are coated emulate the grooming if the Puff has a correct veil type
dogs that are shaved to be presented with hairless bodies coat.
with hair left only on the head, feet and tail.
The Hairless variety of Chinese Crested Dogs has
MYTH: Powder Puffs are genetically stronger than
a hairless gene. This gene may be expressed as either their hairless litter mates. There is an occasionally heard
very hairless or very hairy, the same as with humans. myth that the Powder Puffs are genetically stronger than
Some Cresteds do need to be shaved to present smooth the hairless Chinese Crested Dogs.
skin with no body hair, whilst others naturally have no
Genetically the hairless gene is dominant (strong),
body hair.
while the coat/hair gene is recessive.
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Volume 13 November
The Hairless may need extra care as regards sunscreen
when outdoors and jackets when the weather is cold,
that is not a genetic weakness, but a reaction to weather
conditions. The only difference genetically, is that the
Hairless has the dominant gene while the Puff has the
recessive.
MYTH: The Chinese Crested Dog has an extra bone in
the foot, which is why its foot is long. The Chinese Crested
has a hare shaped foot. This is a long, more agile foot,
that has an extra bone, this accounts for the extra length.
Chinese Crested Dog have a long foot. In the
‘Standard’ this is named a ‘hare’ foot. The reason the Chinese Crested Dog “Chinese Emperor” W K Taunton owner
foot is long is because the bones are elongated. The
TRUTH: The hare foot of the Chinese Crested is used
Cresteds have the same number of bones in their feet
for holding items and climbing.
as other breeds, the bones just happen to be a little
The long foot of the Chinese Crested Dog is more agile
longer.
than the cat foot of most dogs. These front feet can be
TRUTH: Dentition of the Hairless variety is unusual used to hold toys, food, etc more like a hand than a foot.
Due to the ‘hare foot’, the Cresteds can also climb fences,
with tusk shaped teeth and also with missing teeth.
The gene for hairlessness is closely related to the gene crates, furniture, etc as well as jump.
There are many more myths and truths that are now
for dentition. Because of this gene, the shape of the
teeth of the hairless may be tusk shaped (like that of the heard and will be heard in the future about the hairless
elephant) and there may also be missing teeth (like the breeds of dog. Here, some of those myths and truths
hippopotamus). The teeth often are not deeply rooted have been explained. Living with these interesting dogs
into the gum, and the enamel not as strong as other and learning their foibles is an enjoyable, interesting
and life-long learning experience.
dogs. The powder puff has regular canine dentition.
Rhonda BRown Sa’TaMu Chinese Crested Dogs
TRUTH: Chinese Cresteds can sing.
Although heard more from some Cresteds than [email protected] http://www.satamu.com
others, the Chinese Cresteds will often sing when their
owners go out, when a bitch is in season, or when they
are very happy. It is something special to hear a pack
of Cresteds in fine voice.
CHIneSe CReSTeD feeT
ND editor’s comment to Amy Fernandez ...
“Elongated narrow feet that could - and in ours at least often did, pick up a pencil”
And Amy’s reply
That’s another issue that does not receive enough attention.
Also round feet equal round bone. And both of these are now very
common in Cresteds. How often do you see a judge actually check
foot shape? I know ONE American judge who does this. And when
the feet are wrong everything else goes wrong.
www.amyfernandez.net
The Standard calls for a hare’s foot in the Chinese Crested.
These “hands’ can curl, hold and grip things,
much in the manner of a monkey.
From How to Raise and Train a Chinese Crested © 1963
41
Volume 13 November
HAIR PLACEMENT in the CC
The Chinese Crested Standard is specific regarding
hair placement. It describes the ideal naturally
occurring hairless pattern. Patterning should not vary
drastically from the description in the Standard. For
instance, a natural tail plume will not extend the entire
length of the tail. Unfortunately, this natural pattern
has almost disappeared from the breed and the vast
majority of Cresteds in the ring are shaved to some
extent.
In part this can be explained as the inherent challenge of
simultaneously selecting for hair and no hair on the same
dog. But there is no escaping the fact that it is easier to
select for profuse hair and remove the excess rather than
selectively breeding to maintain length, density, and a
hairless pattern.
A natural hairless pattern does not present an abrupt
demarcation between coated and hairless areas. Even if the
pattern has been neatened up the hair will gradually thin
out and taper off at the edges of the pattern.
The Chinese Crested was
created through interbreeding
hairless and long coated dogs
and it’s evident that many breeds contributed to Crested
coat texture. It has become more consistent over the years
but variations still exist. Differences in coat length found in
the breed are due to the fact that fine, fragile, silky hair will
not grow to an extreme length as readily as harder, coarser
hair.
Selective breeding has increased the number of hair
follicles and some hairless Cresteds now possess an
extremely dense coat, but only the Powderpuff variety
should have a double coat. Excess body hair has become
more common in Cresteds because of consistent selection
for coat density and coarser, stronger coat texture. This can
range from fully coated legs and a ridge of hair running the
length of the back, to a complete coat that thins out over
the abdomen.
The Powderpuff has no thin or bare areas of coat and the
undercoat should not be thinned or stripped out and the
coat should not be scissored or sculpted.
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One only available at this stage, special introductory price $95.00, rrp $120
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42
Volume 13 November
An interview with Peruvian breeder Päivi Votkin, Finland
For over 13 years Peruvian Hairless dogs have been part
of my life and passion and my big love... I never dreamt
we could have done what we have in this journey with this
breed.
This is a very short time is one way - but in another way
it has been a long trip and not every day has been so nice but have had good moments too.
It was destiny that brought this breed into my life. And
I never believed I would start breeding them! My first
Peruvians, Max was one of best dogs in Europe in this
breed, when he was young. Now he is over 13.5 years old
and is a nice old gentleman.
Many people have seen him and understand this breed
can be nice and loving and they have nice skin and steady
pleasant temperament. I can say - this male opened many
people’s eyes to see this breed’s beauty in this area of
Europe- and mine too!
I found a good female Atzeenia from Germany to put
to Max but our first puppies were very hard to find good
homes for. So the early puppies were coming back to the us
and they were good dogs in this breed and our start. Now
today lots of good enquiries come from people asking for
good puppies and wanting quality and healthy puppies.
This time period saw the start and the ending of many
breeders’ involvement. Most breeders are only breeding
a few litters or even just one and this is the end of their
breeding. It’s not easy to find good homes even today.
Puppy prices in middle-Europe are very high and even in
the Nordic area puppy prices are high too, but not as high
as in the middle-European areas.
Currently lots of dogs are coming from Peru to Europe.
To bring them from Peru to Europe is very expensive and
takes time and the dogs really must travel with a person
to Europe. This is the EU-rule. We must do blood tests for
imported dogs.
Today we are seeing some sad case of dishonest breeders
and dog sellers in Peru. Like my small Peruvian female, I
paid almost 2000 euros (approx $2,745 AUD) for a small
female and I pay health testing too for this dog and we
waited some time to get this dog home. And finally it came
time when this dog could come to Europe with my friend’s
son, who is living in Peru - and I sent a message to Peru –
“now the dog can come” I got a message from Peru - “Dog
cannot travel now – she will soon have puppies and when
we are done with the puppies – you will get the dog”. So
with my dog having puppies which they sold for a good
price - and I want money back - I did not get anything! Her
male puppy is in Europe and is used for breeding and his
puppies are looking good.
I know another case too, for a small male one breeder
was also paying about 2000 euros - and one day this dog
was sold again to go to Russia! So the breeder got good
money TWICE for the same dog and the kennel club of
Peru sadly have done nothing! Many people/breeders want
to make money with this breed. Not all breeders care what
kind of dogs they use to breed with today and it is very sad
to see what has happened to the breed.
Some of the dogs that we first got from Peru were very
high quality and what we needed for European lines, more
good and stronger temperaments and good strong bones
too. European lines were very boneless and our dogs need
more bones and body too and we hoped for and needed
more teeth too. With dogs from Peru we get many good
things and many bad things too.
continued
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Volume 13 November
We know in Peru some specialists have been worrying
about this breed and that in Peru they are becoming too
heavy like Xolos and this has started happening with Europe
too! I see this even in my own dogs and I am worried too,
so I am trying to use my imported dogs very carefully but even so today I am sometimes seeing in my own dogs
too heavy heads and too much lips, and the noses also are
not so correct!! And they are starting to lose their elegant
bodies too and their faces are not typical of this breed,
and I must say their expression is not always so appealing
anymore and as nice as what they were in the old days.
And many dogs now have too much angulation fore and
aft - even some of our own dogs are above the normal limit
in their angulation! And their movement? We are losing
the typical movement too. This breed should have short
steps and what is happening today? Ours dogs are moving
with long long steps (stride) like Greyhounds. We knew
our breed was in need of a little more angulation and better
movement - this way the breed becomes better in structural
health, but too much is really too much and brings other
problems to the breed! These are special problems I am
seeing in second and late generations.
Dogs that too young are also used too many times for
breeding or dogs who have major titles like EW-WWtitle. This breed can not tolerate this kind of breeding for
such a long time. I see the end coming too soon and we
will have very bad problems with this breed in future, if
we do not understand that we are not breeding only for
this moment - we should be breeding future dogs and
lines too! If this kind of matador-dog breeding continues
we must understand how many dogs and lines and even
generations we must remove from breeding and when.
Is this possible to do? This breed’s gene pool is so small
and it is not possible to lose any good dog from breeding.
* ND editor’s note: from http://www.actavetscand.com/
content/50/S1/S6 Animal welfare in modern dog breeding
3. Avoid matador breeding. A basic recommendation
should be that no dog should have more offspring than
equivalent to 5% of the number of puppies registered in
the breed population during a five-year period. Also from
http://www.bulldoginformation.com/breeding-pitfalls.
html If a very popular sire turns out to have a damaging
genetic flaw. the popular sire syndrome has now spawned
a Matador dog, - a dog whose late-recognised fault is now
widespread enough in the breed to “kill” it.
Even dogs whose lines are from Peru or even if both
This can be what happens in our future too. We do not
parents are from Peru - puppies must look elegant and be know what will happen after 3 or 5 years - or what health
as much as possible like the Breed Standard says it should! tests we will have to use for breeding.
We also cannot lose and forget our European lines. We
need them too for breeding. If we mix these two lines, we
can perhaps find the middle of the golden road! But this
is not easily found! And if through importing some good
dogs are brought to Europe, then these same dogs are found
many many - even too many – times in the pedigree so the
same dogs are used too much for breeding. It is very easy
to understand what happens - breeders and puppy owners
want good puppies from special parents.
In all honesty we must know next;
**Young dogs used for breeding are always a big risk and
especially when we do not really know enough about many
generations behind the dogs.
**In our breed, many illnesses are revealed when dogs
are older and we must understand the importance of health
testing too! We must try to keep our breed healthy and the
new owners of puppies have the right to want happy and
quality and healthy puppies from us!
But I ask, where now are our old European bloodlines
of true hairless dogs? I want to find some old dogs for
**We must remove from breeding epilepsy-ill or epilepsybreeding!! We must keep them too for the future! We will risk dogs or our future is very sad. We must be honest and
not have a future if we forget our past and especially good reveal if we have this problem in ours dogs!
old dogs from our past!
**We must understand this too: If we bring a dog from
I can say what has happened in the medium size of the Peru and this dog does not have a long pedigree and we use
breed, my Vicus is found behind too many dogs today. This this dog for breeding - puppies inbreeding are never 0,00%
male came to me in 2002 and was used in Europe too much - this % is always UNKNOWN!
for breeding. Today it is hard to find medium size dogs
* And this dog can bring a lot of good new things for the
which do not have him behind them! Same as we see now breed or even bad, yet we never get to know who or even
in small and grande size dogs.
what breed his parents are! We cannot close ours eyes to
the problems of this kind of breeding and what they bring
to the breed!
44
Volume 13 November
correct type
Taurus, a very good head, Photo Jin Kaakinen
Kajo, a really good example of the breed
She is a medium size female
Juppi, excellent example of a coated Peruvian
45
Volume 13 November
I really am not happy to see another breed profile in
**And from teeth. We must remember: Our Breed
my breeding dogs! And behind this kind dog there are Standard was created before we are knew anything from
sometimes one or two even three or four different lines genetics. The hairless-gene and teeth-gene is in the samefrom dogs imported from Peru.
gene group and the gene which takes away hair and makes
the dog hairless many times takes teeth away too. It is almost
I do not want hard temperaments and lips that are too impossible for true hairless dogs to have a full mouth with
big and dogs that have underjaws like Xolos and head and teeth. Even the 6+6 front teeth and 4 eye teeth are very rare
muzzle like Amstaffs. And yes bodies look good, but too in this breed! And very many times the dog’s bite changes
good and too strong!
and becomes level or undershot, this is part of the breed
too. So, judges cannot ask for as many front teeth as it says
** And health-testing is essential for our future too, even in the Breed Standard.
in Peru. They must start testing their breeding dogs and
This is not in the breeder’s hands and it is not the
use only healthy and true hairless dogs for breeding! About
6 years ago I was sending a nice male to Peru. We tested breeder’s choice! I am seeing with my own dogs, one
this male’s eyes and heart and all was OK and fine! I sent generation puppies get good (ie regular) teeth and in the
a message to this person – “I can send you this male - it’s next generation the mouth is almost toothless. And I can
OK and today I health-tested this male and all is fine and put together two good teethed dogs and get bad (missing)
OK with him”. I got back an email, “We are not taking this teeth. And I can put together a bad (missing) teeth dog and
kind of dog, who is tested”. This person was really thinking good (regular) teeth dog and we get in this generation great
that I had tested this dog, because I believed the dog was (regular) teeth.
ILL! In many countries people believe that only ill or dogs
The Xolo Breed Standard has changed and we are waiting
at risk are health tested! This is not are true!! Dog that are
not health tested are a risk for the breed’s future! Every for the same with the Peruvian Standard happening in
breeding dog needs testing for at least Eyes, Heart and future. The FCI-breeding Committee has given the order
to change the Peruvian Hairless Dog’s Breed Standard, and
Knees! And if is possible Elbows and Hips too!
they must add that Peludos /Hairy/Coated Dogs are part of
We know in this breed there are eye-problems and this the breed in future!
can be a very bad risk for the breed’s future and this is
We need their genes too in breeding programmes. They
hereditary in many cases, like heart and knee problems are
will give a lot more to this breed in future. Peludos are
too!
originals of this breed and hairless ones are mutations,
that we must remember! If we use for breeding only true
Closed ears-canal dogs should not be used for breeding
hairless and true peludos - we still get true hairless dog and
and If a breeder get these kind of puppies, it is better to put
normal hairy peludos, we will not get too hairy hairless if
it to sleep and send the puppy for pathology/post mortem.
we use coated dogs for breeding.
Only this way can we get more information about this
illness too. We must never use ill dogs for breeding - if you
Perhaps we will get more “peludos”/coated dogs in our
know your dog has any kind of health problems! In Europe
litters in future. We hope peludos get permission to go to
we need to pay money back to dogs’ owners, if the ones
the shows in future too. We hope they are designated as
they buy from us are not healthy and good. So, we should
their own variety as a separate breed and will be judged in
expect the same from breeders in Peru too!
their own breed ring! We hope in future they will have the
Too many times dogs are not what is promised to us
same rights as the hairless ones (not CACIBs as yet). We
from Peru. In Peru there are some good breeders - but they
hope they get their own BOB/BOS and CC competitions.
do not normally sell their dogs and puppies.
In Xolos a big step has been made in Finland and history
**We cannot forget tongue-problems too. The tongue
with the first coated Xolos now getting CCs in the show
must be inside the mouth and if dogs are bred from which
ring.
have tongue-paralysis - this problem involves multigenetics - it can come out many generations later. It spoils
**TRUE HAIRLESS – however, we must never forget
many pretty dogs and will keep returning to spoil in the
this: our breed must be true hairless and this is genetics!
future too!
If we use too hairy dogs for breeding, we will have lost this
breed and in future we will not have Peruvian HAIRLESS
dogs, we will have too hairy dogs in this breed!
46
Volume 13 November
From Sweden there came to the ring true hairless with
True hairless dogs means WE DO NOT TAKE HAIR
AWAY BY WAX or VEET and WE DO NOT SHAVE OUR good temperament and health - and dogs from Mexico
DOGS TO LOOK HAIRLESS!! This is not honest for the were like they were out of this world! So super looking.
breed, not for Peru and not for anybody!
We were looking at them as if they were a miracle. When
It is very sad see how in many countries it has become I looked at my own breeding work and dogs, what I have
the style to shave dogs for shows! Owners are shaving tails, done today, I asked myself have I done wrong for this breed?
face and feet and muzzle too and even the hairs on top of This time will tell us!
head. Even with dogs that do not have so much hair! They
should get a “true hairless” dog but many hairy dogs are
There were some big Xolos too there though, even in the
groomed for shows to look like true hairless! If this dog first generation some Xolos now have more hairs on the
needs grooming by wax or shaving, if your dogs are not back and temperament are so different and more hard.
true hairless, please don’t use this kind of dog for breeding
in future. Normal grooming for shows is like this: wash
And now today there are only some few breeders in
dog, put oil or cream on the skin, cut nails and clean ears, this breed, who are breeding TRUE HAIRLESS Xolos and
and all is done for the show.
health testing their breeding dogs.
Grooming by wax or shaving the muzzle is not fair and is
In this short time period some massive dogs are now
very dishonest! Hairs on the muzzle belong on a dog’s face! coming to the ring and very powerful looking dogs with
such different temperament. I realise now this breed has
When I start with this breed and with Max, I thought I
such different temperament to what they had before. And I
knew everything about this breed and breeding that I could
miss this old loving type Xolo-male! But with this breed we
learn – even though I had not had any litters.
are perhaps too late now?
Today, after many many litters - I only know that I still
know too little and all that I believed would happen in my
breeding is in each next generations so different in many
ways - I know almost nothing from breeding and about
this breed today! I only know my love and feelings for this
beautiful and wonderful breed are more than I can tell you!
If you make one Peruvian Hairless Dog a part of your life you have lost your heart to this breed to the end of your life!
With Peruvians I hope we not are too late and I can hope
we/I can fix mistakes that maybe we are/I am doing for this
breed and the breed’s future
On behalf of Perro Sin Pelo Del Peru
Peruvian Hairless Dogs, Päivi Votkin
Wanhan Wuoren Kennel, Finland
This breed has given so much to me - I can be thankful
I am sure many people will not approve of what I have
for my friends, for what I got with this breed and dogs’ and
said in this article and some specialist breeders in
puppies’ owners too, for they have done great work with
Peru also will not like this. But how many breeders in
my stock.
different breeds are honest in saying they have made
mistakes too in their breeding programmes and are
So, in the last 13.5 years I have seen many changes
really worrying about their breed’s future?
Paivi
happen to this breed and all changes have not been good!
I hope this breed’s future is good and better and more
healthy too. We have the possibility to keep this rare but
so special breed going - but if we do not start working very
hard and TOGETHER in Peru and In Europe and In USA
and even in Australia, we will lose this breed for ever. We
have the last chance to work for this breed - or perhaps we
will no longer see a healthy and true hairless dog after the
next 13.5 year anymore.
We must remember, I am also seeing what is happening
in this time period for Xolos! In 1997 there was the World
Winner Show in Finland.
47
Volume 13 November
Poor type coming through
Peruvian imported bloodlines
Well, where to start with Charlie?
I have always loved the hairless breeds, and after my other
dog died I was looking around at the shelters to see what
was available. Because of the price of the hairless dogs I was
not able to afford one. One morning I rang up the Animal
Welfare League to see what pups they had and the woman
told me that they had a Chinese Crested x Staffy pup in. I
went down there straight away and I remember that it was
a cold day and poor Charlie had nothing to wear and was
just huddled up as small as he could get under a heating
globe. I fell in love with him instantly. It did take a while to
get used to him, but he made himself right at home.
Actually, h e looks more like a mini Xolo then the Chinese
Crested.
I have had him for 6 years now, and he is an absolute joy.
We do get a lot of mean comments about his appearance,
but with the recent bloom of the hairless breeds, people
are not so arrogant towards him. For the three years he
has been working wit the Caring Canine Companions in
an aged home. With no hair, Charlie is brilliant with the
residents that have emphysema and allergies.
He is a very smart dog and always seems to be two steps
ahead of me. He is the most loyal dog I have ever had.
He is amazing with other animals and seems to almost
have a maternal instinct towards other baby animals. On
numerous occasions he has found baby birds and possums
in the back yard. He has never hurt them, but instead he
has come inside and circled me until I follow him outside
and then he will show me where they are. If I need to bring
them inside he won’t leave their sides, and I have to get past
him to feed them.
He is a good foster mummy.
48
Volume 13 November
We had a new addition to our family with my son Jesse’s
birth. Although Charlie is not very fond of Jesse, he is
extremely protective of him and will not let other dogs near
him whether we are at home or walking with the pram.
Charlie is a wonderful dog and the fact that he is hairless
is just an added bonus.
There is no moulting, fleas, ticks or bad doggy odor. He is
an amazing breed of dog and I would never have the hairy
ones again.
Rachel ShepheRd [email protected]
The Hairless Breeds
Amy Fernandez
It’s hard to look beyond one
inescapable fact about hairless dogs.
Consequently, many observers fail to
appreciate their most amazing trait.
For thousands of years they have
defied dismissive pronouncements
about their genetic fitness, surviving
and thriving in situations that have
spelled the demise of lesser breeds.
The early twentieth- century author
and judge Freeman Lloyd is considered
a world class authority on hounds and
sporting breeds. Over the years, he
also owned quite a few hairless dogs,
including the resourceful Pongo.
“At an old time Bohemian resort in
NYC I once purchased a beautifully
marked Mexican Hairless Dog from
a Mexican who had recently arrived
from over the Rio Grande. The dog was
not only a performer, but a wonderful
walker on his hind legs. …Because of
his frequent voluntary performances
in taverns and restaurants around
the village, Pongo became more
or less an institution. All of the
villagers knew the dog’s name- knew
it so well, in fact, that they began to
address me as Pongo. That was too
much. Even children hailed me by
the embarrassing nickname. …It was
before the days of the automobile,
and I used to drive to town in a
buggy. One day, Pongo jumped out
of the buggy to chase a cat in the
Syrian quarter at the southern end of
lower Washington Street. I just drove
off and left him to shift for himself.”
(National Geographic)
For most dogs, jumping from a
moving vehicle into Manhattan traffic
would be a death sentence. But not
for Pongo. A few weeks later, Lloyd
was stopped by a cabdriver on Fifth
Avenue with news that his errant dog
had found a new home. Pongo lived
the rest of his life with the famous
actress Mary Garden at the Waldorf
Astoria Hotel, wearing a $12 thousand
dollar diamond collar. This story may
seem far fetched, but accounts of Mary
Garden’s hairless pet have appeared in
numerous books and periodicals.
There is one lingering question about
this story. Was Pongo a Crested or a
Xolo? His photo has been reproduced
countless times, variously identified
as both breeds. Even Lloyd admitted
“there is a great similarity between
Mexican and Chinese hairless dogs.
As a onetime owner of both sorts, I can
testify that there was little difference
in the general setup of the two kinds.
The alleged China-bred dog which I
purchased from a sailor in Cardiff,
Wales, carried a bigger crest of hair
than did the harsher-haired dog
I bought in New York.” (National
Geographic)
Turn of the century studbook
entries reveal that breed designation
was based on appearance rather
than ancestry. For instance, one of
the most famous Chinese Cresteds
of the period, Hairy King, is cited in
countless books as a prime example
of the breed. Oddly, Hairy King’s son,
Paderweski Jr. owned by the noted
British rare breed expert H C Brooke,
was registered and exhibited as a
Mexican Hairless. In 1949 Stackpole’s
New Dog Encyclopedia states “the
Mexican Hairless is sometimes
confused with the Chinese Crested
because the breeds are so similar
in appearance ... The Crested is the
larger of the two breeds, sometimes
weighing 25 pounds.”
A tremendous size range was just
one of the discrepancies undermining
breed type by that time. The journalist,
breeder, and judge Ida Garret
implemented one of the first efforts
to create conformity of type in the
Chinese Crested. Garrett, is primarily
remembered for her contribution to
Writing in 1944, this was an honest Chihuahua development but she also
assessment of the situation. Small, bred and owned numerous Cresteds
hairless dogs had been documented and Xolos.
in kennel club records since the late
nineteenth century. They were known
In 1935 her account of hairless dog
by a variety of exotic names hinting history appeared in the AKC Gazette
at Oriental, African, or Mexican “The little Mexican Hairless dog
ancestry. Unfortunately, no traceable must not be confused with the much
records of their origin existed.. smaller, furry coated Chihuahua
Experts constantly debated whether dog. There is no relation between
they merited classification as separate the two breeds at all, except that
breeds or were simply crossbreeds breeders in Mexico have occasionally
that didn’t belong in any dog show or crossed the two. The hairless is a dog
studbook. After judging several classes weighing on average from six to 15
of hairless dogs at an 1893 show in pounds, and some run as high as 20
London Vero Shaw stated that they pounds or so, while there are a few
all belonged to one breed, and it was which weigh as little as two to four
impossible to separate them.
pounds.
49
Volume 13 November
The latter are the result of
crossbreeding with the Chihuahua
dog.” (AKC Gazette) She also refuted
the Crested’s purported Chinese
origin. “Mrs Ida Garrett of New
York City has been hard at work
on her volume on the Chihuahua
which will contain much new and
interesting material on the breed.
Intensive study and research have
disclosed proof, she says, there
never was a Chinese Crested … it
was never a true native of China.”
(Popular Dogs). Several Toy breeds
originated in ancient China, and the
shared ancestry of the Pug, Pekingese
and Shih Tzu is obvious. The Chinese
Crested bears no resemblance to any of
these ancient breeds. Nor is there any
historical evidence of dogs resembling
Chinese Cresteds in ancient or modern
China, or verification connecting the
breed to China.
However, none of these accounts
predate their original discovery
in fifteenth-century Mexico. Over
the centuries, formerly consistent
descriptions of them also began
changing. Since the hairless trait is
dominant, it was inevitably transmitted
to other breeds and records reveal that
Xolos were mated to hounds, terriers,
and apparently in at least one case, a
King Charles Spaniel.
“Buffon described a dog naturally
destitute of hair under the name Le
Chien Turk. Later writers state that
the race is unknown in Turkey. Others
deny that a hairless Egyptian race
has any existence.” (Dogs of China
and Japan in Nature and Art) Buffon’s
Natural History included drawings of
a Naked Turkish Hound and a Naked
King Charles Dog. In 1928 Emil Hauck
speculated that hairless dogs could
have originated in America, Mexico,
Hairless dogs were documented by Patagonia, Egypt, or China.
fifteenth-century European explorers
in the New World, beginning with
Columbus. Along with other exotic
discoveries Xolos were transported
back to Europe and traded along major
shipping routes of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. Hairless dogs
subsequently popped up everywhere
from the Mediterranean basin to the
Barbary Coast and the Philippines
over the next 300 years.
multiplicity of types by that time.
“There are types that show more
of a Pinscher type, and others that
look like Greyhounds. There are
completely naked ones and others
with some hair. There is almost
no pure breeding in Europe. Most
of them are mixtures of hairy
and hairless dogs.” (The Soulful
Relationship Between Horse and Dog)
“This is no uncommon occurrence
in Guinea, the East Indies, and South
America. Some of these animals
afterwards found their way into
Europe, and from their singularity,
care was taken to multiply the
breed” (The Dog).
Hairless dogs certainly multiplied
but this breeding was not always done
with the intention of perpetuating
a purebred type. “The breeding of
these dogs is attended with curious
results. A Fox Terrier bitch was once
put to Hairy King. Several of the
puppies were Fox Terriers and fair
specimens, but two had Fox Terrier
heads, and they were hairless, the
skin being mottled along the body
to the hips where on each side, was
a tuft of terrier hair about the size
of a crown piece. The tail was bare
from the root to the middle, the end
being that of a Fox Terrier. The legs
were bare down to the knee joint,
the feet were like a terrier’s” (The
New Book of the Dog). Experimental
crossbreeding to longcoated dogs also
produced one of the world’s most
unique canine combinations, the long
haired hairless dog. Early examples
reveal that this hair patterning varied
greatly. Some dogs had hair on the head
or tail but not both; others appeared to
be wearing a big fur mantle.
Unbelievably,
much
of
this
experimental breeding was directed at
stabilizing type in the Chihuahua. Both
The lack of documented evidence smooth and longcoated Chihuahuas
was compounded by an incredible are mentioned in nineteenth century
descriptions of the breed, but coats
50
Volume 13 November
varied considerably in length and
texture. Breeders attempted to resolve
this issue through crossbreeding.
For reasons that we may never fully
comprehend, hairless dogs of Mexico
were considered to be another variety
of Chihuahua by many experts of that
era. As a result they were incorporated
into many of these experiments.
Taken at face value, Will Judy’s
statement does not appear very logical.
However, it is a realistic portrayal of
the breeding being done in the 1930s.
“Hairless dogs may be entirely
hairless or crested mostly on the top
of the skull and at the end of the tail.
The Mexican hairless may or may
not have a crest….The short haired
variety is the only true Chihuahua…
the Mexican Hairless, the Papillon,
and the Chinese Crested all belong to
the same general family of Mexican
hairless.” (Dog Encyclopedia) “There
is some suggestion that the mating
of the Chihuahua with the Mexican
Hairless might have produced the
Chinese Crested” (All About The
Chihuahua)
they believed them to be a panacea Proctor Reilly, one of the most
for human ills.”
prominent exhibitors of the era.
The belief that hairless dogs possess
curative properties dates from ancient
Mexican traditions involving the
Xolo. These superstitions sustained a
demand that carried over to modern
times. The Xolo, then known as
Mexican Hairless, was among the first
breeds recorded by AKC in 1887. The
first Xolos exhibited at AKC events
were Mexican imports. However, the
breed was not recognized in Mexico
until 1956 so breeders had to found
American lines in order to create a
documented linage in the studbook.
“The earliest hairless dogs
registered in the American Kennel
Club were from Mexican stock. The
very first one was Mee Too, AKC
number 6074. The owner of Mee Too
was H F Foote, but the sire, dam,
and breeder were not stated. Later
we find Daisy, AKC number 10772,
with a pedigree. Another one, Royal
Prince, AKC number 30439 not only
sported a pedigree, but carried a
bench show record as well.” (AKC
The myth of the Crested’s ancient Gazette)
heritage belies its recent, eclectic, and
Like most dogs included in the
somewhat accidental origin. For most
of its existence, the Chinese Crested first volume of the AKC studbook,
was a canine curiosity rather than the Mee Too had been exhibited since
focus of serious selective breeding. As 1884. Royal Prince, whelped in 1890,
Ida Garrett noted in her 1935 article, had four generations of his lineage
the demand for hairless dogs came documented with AKC. While this
primarily from pet lovers, rather than suggests an active ongoing interest in
the breed, only one Xolo ever earned
serious breeders.
an AKC championship. Chinito Jr
“They are often referred to as bred and owned by Valetska Radke of
medicine dogs and many Mexicans New York City became the breed’s only
claim that they possess the ability AKC champion on October 19, 1940.
to transfer a disease from the Radke was a very active breeder of the
body of the sufferer into their own. 1930s and ‘40s and many of her dogs
During the nineties (1890s) there appeared at major east coast shows
was a breeder of hairless dogs on including Westminster and Morris
Long Island, New York, who in the and Essex.
course of a few years, netted a small
Garrett goes on to mention some
fortune in the breed. In 1889 this
breeder told me that most of her well known owners of hairless dogs
patrons purchased puppies because of the era, including Mrs Henrietta
Her dog was described as “pink and
tan mottled, with a snow white tuft
hanging from her skull and reaching
over the back of her neck like a bridal
veil.” The first documented Chinese
Crested breeding program traces back
to the efforts of one breeder in the late
1950s. Debora Wood. She founded the
first club to promote the breed and
the first Chinese Crested studbook to
record the only existing bloodlines, the
Crest Haven line and the Lee line. The
breed as we know it was developed in
the 1950s and ‘60s based entirely on
these two foundation bloodlines. Crest
Haven, founded by Debora Wood, was
based on eight dogs of unknown origin.
According to anecdotal evidence some
or all of them were purchased from a
German circus in the 1950s.
The Lee line, founded by Gypsy Rose
Lee, was based on a more eclectic gene
pool, also undocumented. Gypsy’s love
for exotic pets was well known. She
collected hairless dogs on her world
travels, later incorporating them into
her breeding program. One of her
foundation studs was rescued from a
New York City animal shelter by her
sister June Havoc. In a letter written
by Debora Wood, dated 9/2/59, she
describes the breed to a potential
buyer. According to her letter, Cresteds
came in three sizes 4-8 lb., 8-12 lb., and
12-30 lb. She also claims to have seen
some specimens over 30 lb.
It is interesting to note that she
considered her best quality dogs to fall
within the first size category.
Cresteds
and
Xolos/Mexican
Hairless were exhibited at AKC shows
throughout the 1930s, ‘40s and ‘50s
even though the first Chinese Crested
standard was not published in 1962. At
least one Crested, Mar-Cot’s Sum Fun
de Santa Fe managed to earn a CD.
Few dogs of either breed possessed a
51
Volume 13 November
documented ancestry but until 1952
AKC permitted dogs to be listed for
show or enrolled for breeding without
requiring full registration. However, as
time went by, the distinction between
these two breeds became increasingly
blurred.
“The state of Guerrero in Mexico
used to be noted for its Chinese
Crested dogs, often called the
Mexican Hairless. ... it can no longer
be shown in the AKC Miscellaneous
Class. More than 200 of the breed
are known to be in the United States
at present.” (All About Toy Dogs,
1965) Wood’s massive undertaking
coincided with AKC’s decision to
drop the Mexican Hairless. Her
registry was founded in March 1959.
Mexican Hairless were dropped from
the AKC studbook in April, 1959
and the Chinese Crested was ejected
from the Miscellaneous Class in April,
1965. AHDC registered Cresteds
were exported to Europe and Britain
to provide foundation stock that
ultimately led to worldwide support
for this obscure breed. Although it
was a privately owned registry Debora
Wood’s American Hairless Dog Club
kept Xolo and Crested bloodlines
viable in the USA for over two
decades. In the 1960s she also began
documenting Peruvian Hairless Dogs.
Large populations of hairless dogs
were noted in South America as well as
Mexico by fifteenth century explorers.
Pizzarro in 1533, the Cook expedition
to South America in 1769, and Darwin
in 1830 all noted their presence. The
German explorer, Johann Jakob von
Tschudi (1818-1889) traveled through
South America from 1838-1842 and
described hairless dogs in his Travels
in Peru published in 1844.
“This dog is mainly on the coast,
since its lack of hairy coat made
it unable to withstand the cold of
the higher altitudes of the interior
52
except in the warm valleys and then
Hundreds of burnished redware
only if carefully protected”
pottery vessels have been excavated
from shaft tombs in this area and it’s
Judging by the number of colloquial estimated that 75-90 percent of these
names for them, hairless dogs were a tombs contained ceramic dog effigies
familiar presence throughout many known as perros cebados. Their
parts of South America. The eighteenth hairlessness is indicated by stylistic
century chronicler Juan Velasco noted details like concentric incised lines on
that hairless dogs were known as viringo the face and body, prominent ribs and
in Ecuador. In Bolivia, they were called backbones.
ccala, and in Argentina, they were
pila dogs, or perro calato. The Inca
Similar motifs are found in hairless
called them, alcosunca, aymara and dog art of Peru’s Moche culture along
alcoyana. Sporadic references to them the northern coast and Nazca culture
also appeared in recent times. The along the southern coast. Dogs played
December 5, 1930 issue of Our Dogs an integral role in both of these early
described grey hairless dogs found in civilizations for practical as well as
northern Argentina, called Pila dogs, ceremonial reasons. In contrast to
used for medicinal purposes.
some pre-Columbian civilizations,
Moche culture is well documented
Hairlessness is one of the most through art and architecture. The
common spontaneous mutations. Moche left a vast legacy of pyramids,
It is documented in almost every palaces, irrigation canals, and a vivid
mammalian species and occurs artistic record of ceramic vessels,
frequently in dogs. Although hairless elaborately woven textiles, colorful
dog populations existed in South murals, and gold, silver, and copper
America from Ecuador to Argentina jewelry. As in Mexico, their art
there was no clear evidence attributing contained complex symbols linking
their presence to trade, chance dogs with their spiritual beliefs. .
mutations, or intentional selective Iconographic keys to their hairless
breeding. Darwin was the first state include the lolling tongue; erect
naturalist to theorize that the hairless tail, visible ribs, and rings around the
dogs of Peru were descended from eyes to signify skin wrinkles.
hairless dogs of Mexico. The Xolo had
been a deep-rooted theme of Mexican
Unlike the red clay Colima
art for centuries before similar motifs dogs, Moche pottery was designed
began appearing in artwork of Peru in contrasting tones of red and
and Ecuador.
white, which permitted decorative
possibilities like spots and markings
Archeological evidence suggests on the dogs. The oldest Moche
that the hairless trait and the custom of representation of hairless dogs is a
ritual burial with dog effigies originated ceramic bottle decorated by a pair of
in Western Mexico’s Tlatilco culture hairless, spotted dogs, dated from AD
approximately 3700 years ago. It most 750. The later Lambayeque culture
likely derived from the much more also created a great number of hairless
ancient custom of ritual dog burial dog artifacts, in silver and pottery.
which evolved into the use of pottery This indicates that hairless dogs were
dogs as grave goods. The Xolo is most common in Peru, and considered
closely associated with Colima culture important enough to merit extensive
which flourished between 250 BC- artistic representation by 1100 AD. The
AD 450 in what now comprises the Chancay (1200-1470 AD) inhabited
modern states of Nayarit, Colima and the north central coastal area of
Jalisco.
Volume 13 November
Peru immediately prior to the rise of
1. Prancing gait-true hairless walk
the Inca. They were famed for their in a “caballo de passo” prance, and will
contrasting black and cream pottery take two legged ambulation with ease
designs and spotted hairless dogs were
2. Erect curling tail over the back,
a frequent theme.
totally hairless for male, tuft at tail tip
for female
One of the most famous pieces of
3. Incomplete
dentition
due
Chancay dog pottery clearly indicates to hairless factor. No canine teeth,
their understanding and fondness for and long tongue, should produce a
these dogs, a small hairless dog figure, “lolling tongue” common on ancient
with its back protected by a decorated representations
blanket. Chimu art, renowned for
4. Concentric circles about the
its metalwork and textiles, provides eyes, creating the “old man” look.
further evidence of hairless dogs.
5. Erect ears
One of the most interesting (and
In a 1990 article in Natural History
common) Chimu relics is a traditional
stirrup bottle decorated with a hairless magazine anthropologists Dorothy
bitch nursing her litter of puppies. Hosler, Heather Lecthman, and Olaf
At the height of Chimu civilization, Holm theorized that trade occurred
these
pre-Columbian
approximately 1200 AD, the Inca were between
still a minor tribe. Within 200 years, cultures in Mexico and Peru. Their
Inca armies overran Chimu territory, findings were based on the fact that
annexing the region and absorbing traditional metalworking techniques
of Peru appeared quite suddenly in
many aspects of Chimu culture.
I have a picture of this textile from Mexico. Mayan artifacts of same era
reveal sudden changes in painting and
Fred Drew’s collection
Tunic bottom/border. Ancon Peru architectural styles, suggesting contact
with other cultures.
51/2” X 30”. Valley Kingdom Culture
C. 1200-1500 AD- late intermediate
This was 700 years before the
period Ex. Collection Fredrick DrewLima, Peru, Robert Duff-Boca Raton, arrival of Europeans. Colima artisans
FL Tapestry design element for a specialized in the manufacture and
garment, which would have been a export of obsidian blades made from
plain cotton quaze shirt with this natural volcanic glass. The demand
bottom register Thirty three prancing for these stone knives became an
hairless Peruvian coastal dogs run important facet of Colima economy
rampant in two serial rows upon an and spawned a wide trading network.
olive background bracketed by two Europeans arriving in the fifteenth
clear bands and a top and bottom century reported that the Salangone
register of diamond eyes. A separately traders of Ecuador controlled the
woven 3-color fringe is sewn on below Pacific trade corridor from Colima to
the tapestry. Remnants of the join Chincha in southern Peru. Seafaring
threads to the shirt are seen at the merchants of earlier centuries probably
top of the textile. This border encodes carried the first hairless dogs to Peru,
several critical characteristics Fred either for medicinal uses, or food.
Drew felt imperative to breed type:
The earliest points of contact were
probably between Ecuador’s Gulf of
Guayaquil and western Mexican ports.
Therefore, it would make sense that
hairless dogs were noted to be most
prevalent in this region, and gradually
dispersed to a wider range in later
centuries. By the time of European
arrival, this network of trade routes
had expanded to encompass the entire
South American coast, Mexico and
the Caribbean Islands, which were
also densely populated with hairless
dogs by that time.
Although the Spanish Conquest
shattered the Inca world, centuries of
ancient traditions predated the rise
of the Incas and continued after their
demise. In both Mexico and South
America native hairless dogs survived
centuries of social and political
upheaval because of their continuing
value to indigenous people. Against all
odds, much of the population preserved
remnants of their traditional beliefs
and customs, including perpetuating
hairless dogs in remote villages.
During the 1960s Jack Walklin,
of Selma Calif., began exporting
hairless dogs from Peru to the U.S.
He eventually brought more than 40
of them into this country, and created
an organization to promote them, the
Walklin Peruvian Dog Association.
According to descriptions provided
in his promotional literature, these
imports varied considerably in size and
type, including some coated dogs that
he dubbed Peruvian Tipico. As part of
his efforts to promote these rare dogs,
Walklin is also credited with inventing
the colorful name, Peruvian Inca
Orchid, along with an exotic version of
breed history involving Inca rulers and
Orchid filled rooms. Unfortunately,
the majority of Walklin’s imports were
subsequently lost to the American
gene pool due to a lack of organized
breeding programs or any official
registry.
In 1977, he imported an additional
seven dogs. Although his earlier
imports had ranged drastically in size
and type, the last seven dogs were
fairly uniform, approximately 18-20”
tall and dark color.
53
Volume 13 November
However, they did not possess any
Both dogs were a dark, solid color respective standards led to inevitable
distinct sighthound traits that are now and this remained the preference of confusion.
associated with the breed.
his breeding program.
The Peruvian standard recognizes
In addition to selecting for three sizes of the breed, and only
All seven were registered as
Peruvian Inca Orchid foundation temperament, strength and stamina, the hairless variety. The American
stock with the American Hairless Dog Drew tailored his breeding program standard accepts only a medium/large
Club and they formed the foundation to reproduce traits depicted in ancient size, but recognizes both the coated
gene pool of the Peruvian Inca Orchid. relics - erect ears, hair placement and hairless varieties.
The breed made it debut in Europe confined to top of head and tail
Experts long speculated on a
when an American dog was exported tip, high, curved tail carriage and a
possible common ancestry between
to Germany - Rivercrest’s Artemis de distinctive prancing gait.
the hairless breeds. Shared cultural
Peru.
Originally known as Inca Hairless in and artistic traditions and physical
Fred Drew, an American, can its native land, the breed was recognized similarities suggest that Peru’s hairless
justifiably be called the savior of in Peru until 1981. Germany’s Exotic dogs are related to Mexico’s Xolo.
the Peruvian Hairless Dog. He was Dog Club, based in Hamburg was Although the Chinese Crested was
responsible for implementing the instrumental in formulating the developed much more recently, the
first structured breeding program provisional international standard hairless trait behaves exactly the same
from indigenous stock, and renewing and petitioning FCI for recognition way in this breed. Despite strong
worldwide interest in this long at a meeting in Dortmund, 1981. circumstantial evidence Crested and
neglected national treasure. Drew lived Because most of the German dogs of Peruvian historical descriptions deny
and worked in South America from that period originated from American the possibility. Efforts to discover
1954-1964 in Caracas, Venezuela and stock, they chose the name Inca Orchid links between them through artwork,
from 1964-1995 in Lima, Peru. During Moonflower Dog. The original version historical records and archeological
that time, he developed a passion for of the standard (FCI standard 310) evidence have now been supplemented
indigenous culture and animals. He described only the large size (40.5-50 with DNA research.
collected art and artifacts as well as cm in height, 9 – 12.6 kg. weight) and
Last September, geneticists working
the hairless variety.
exotic pets.
concurrently in Finland, Switzerland,
The FCI standard and the breed and the U.S. resolved this longstanding
His initial curiosity about hairless
dogs came via local gravediggers. name were revised on June 12, 1985 debate. Several types of hairlessness
After examining numerous artifacts at the FCI general assembly meeting are documented in dogs, such as
and tiny hairless dog amulets they in Amsterdam (FCI standard 310 the recessive form identified in the
regularly unearthed he asked them 23). Dr Jose Torre Ferrara headed the American Hairless Terrier. However,
to bring him an actual specimen. 1985 standard revision committee. this mutation was not carefully studied
Immediately captivated, he requested His recommendations were based until recently. Unrelated research at
another. In 1976, Drew initiated an on the study of native populations of the University of Missouri narrowed
organized breeding program to salvage hairless dogs. The name was amended the search for the hairless gene to
the Peruvian Hairless from imminent to El Perro Peruano sin Pelo (Peruvian chromosome 17.
extinction. He searched coastal villages Hairless Dog) and major revisions
To pinpoint its location researchers
and eventually acquired a pair of dogs were made to the initial standard. The
that conformed to his concept of breed was divided into three distinct analyzed and compared DNA samples
correct type. His foundation-breeding sizes, with definite height and weight from 40 hairless dogs AND 87 of their
program was based on this pair of limits. Interbreeding between them coated counterparts from all three
was prohibited. Since that time, the breeds known to carry the dominant
dogs.
breed standard has been revised in hairless mutation. This included 93
His original dogs weighed between 1990, 1996, 1997, 1999 and most hairless and 49 powderpuff Chinese
Cresteds, 39 hairless and six coated
40-45 pounds, and were noted for recently March 13, 2001
Peruvian Hairless, and eight hairless
their amazing strength and agility.
Although both Peruvian Inca Xolos. This led them to a gene
According to one eyewitness, Fred’s
dogs could effortlessly dive from his 12 Orchid and Peruvian Hairless share a nicknamed FOXI3 from the forkhead
common ancestry, differences in the box transcription factor family.
ft. roof to greet approaching visitors.
54
Volume 13 November
The mutation results from the
insertion of seven extra letters
of genetic code into FOXI3. This
transcription error deactivates one
copy of the FOXI3 gene thus turning
a coated dog into a hairless. All of the
hairless specimens possessed one copy
of precisely the same mutated gene, and
every coated dog in the study lacked
the mutation. More importantly,
none of the hairless dogs possessed a
matched pair of genes containing this
seven letter DNA duplication.
“all hairless” bloodlines through
consistent hairless to hairless breeding
and strict culling. Since no amount of
determined effort can revise the genetic
code for the trait, FCM’s (Federacion
Canofila Mexicana) official – and
illogical- position has been to deny
the existence of the coated Xolo for
more than 50 years. The FCM 2007
revised Xolo standard finally relented
on this position allowing coated Xolos
to be registered but not shown - which
defeats the purpose of including them
in the standard. However, this is a step
forward from their previous stance
of denial and mandatory culling. The
discovery of FOX I3 may encourage
further FCM concessions on this point
along with needed revisions in other
breed standards.
According to Tosso Leeb, professor
of veterinary genetics and animal
breeding at Bern University, “It’s
extremely improbable that an
identical mutation would have
arisen three times. The mutation
probably appeared about 4,000
years ago in Mexican hairless dogs
For 500 years, anecdotal evidence
and eventually passed through has suggested a genetic link between
breeding into the other two dog hairlessness and incomplete dentition,
breeds.”
an idea which defies conventional
dog breeding wisdom. Selective
This research not only confirms a breeding should eradicate faults like
familial connection between Cresteds, missing teeth, so it’s easy to dismiss
Xolos and Peruvians it also confirms incomplete dentition as careless
that all three breeds inevitably produce breeding. However, this trait regularly
both coated and hairless progeny.
surfaces despite consistent selection
against it although some hairless breed
Formal research to understand the standards make no allowance for it.
hairless trait has been conducted since
1911. Despite technical limitations,
The Canadian and Kennel Club
most studies managed to get the Chinese Crested standards state that
main facts right and they have been both varieties have identical dentition.
consistent in that respect. The most “Mouth : Jaws strong, with perfect
comprehensive study conducted by regular scissor bite, i.e. the upper
the famed British researcher Dr Roy teeth closely overlapping the lower
Robinson was published in the 1985 teeth and set square to the jaws.” The
May/June Journal of Heredity. Based Canadian Kennel Club has refused to
on litter records submitted by British permit an amendment deeming it an
Chinese Crested breeders over several allowance for an avoidable defect.
years Robinson concluded that the
ND editor’s note: when we came
hairless trait is an autosomal semi into the breed in 1981, the terminology
dominant mutation. In other words, for the mouth was PREMOLARS
every hairless dog carries the genetic ABSENT.
potential to produce both hairless and
Although the exact function of FOXI3
coated puppies.
is not yet completely understood,
Despite available evidence, breeders other genes in this family are known
repeatedly attempted to create to control embryonic development in
mammals. It was long suspected that
the hairless mutation influenced early
stages of embryonic development of
skin, hair, nails and teeth and FOX13 is
responsible for regulating ectodermal
development in dogs. Leeb says the
mutation “most likely interferes with
the genetic instructions for hair and
teeth proteins.” The protein encoded
by FOX13 activates development of
hair and teeth, an action suppressed
by the mutated form of the gene.
Over the centuries hairless dogs
lovers varied in their interpretation
and understanding of these breeds
but they remained united in their
appreciation of hairless dogs. Sadly,
in the past two decades the Chinese
Crested has lost this trait and it is
now hairless in name only. Insights
into the workings of FOX13 provide
scientific explanations for traits that
have been poorly understood up to
now. This not only paves the way to a
fuller appreciation of these wonderful
breeds it provides essential evidence of
their genetic health to combat looming
breed bans.
Sources
Natural History Magazine,
An Unshaggy Dog Story, February 1994
National Geographic,
Toy Dogs Pets of Kings and Commoners,
April 1944
AKC Gazette,
Here Is The Most Beautiful
Yet The Ugliest of Dogs April 1935
Popular Dogs, October 17, 1931
Stackpole’s New Dog Encyclopedia 1949
Dogs of China and Japan
in Nature and Art. VWF Collier 1921
Das seelische Verhalten des Pferdes
und des Hundes.
The Soulful Relationship
between Horse and Dog
Emil Hauck1928:
The Dog, Youtt 1845
Travels in Peru
Johann Jakob von Tschudi 1844.
The New Book of the Dog
Robert Leighton1907
Dog Encyclopedia Will Judy 1936
All about the Chihuahua
Mona Huxman 1976
55
Volume 13 November
The authors have compiled an extraordinary
encyclopedia on hairless dogs -- from antiquity to the
present -- with no effort spared to find every possible
reference or archive photo. It’s so well done, and for
the breeder or the lucky owner of a Chinese Crested
(or Mexican Hairless or Xoloxcuinti), this book is
indispensible. Some fun facts: the Chinese apparently used
to call them “healing dogs”, because the were so useful as hot
water bottles for arthritic or bedridden patients. And indigenous
homes of South and Central American Indians often had 30 or
more hairless dogs in the house. (Without hair, they were much
better adapted to a hot/tropical environment with a high flea
and tick population.) Oh, another interesting fact is that of the
2,000 or so dog breeds that have existed, only some 400 are
extant today. Many of them have been eaten -- and in fact, the
Chinese Crested has very often been served on the dinner table
in times of famine.
There’s even a picture of a Chinese man on a bicycle,
hauling a pile of dead Cresteds ... A fascinating book with
many illustrations, including some excellent color photos.
Highly Recommended.
Hairless Dogs - The Naked Truth: The Chinese Crested,
Xoloitzcuintli & Peruvian Inca Orchid [Hardcover]
Kelly Rhae (Author), Amy Fernandez (Author)
Foreword to the just released There’s a Dog in the House
by Nancy Chwiecko and Amy Fernandez
I was honored to be asked to write a short foreword to this book. I
had been familiar with Amy’s meticulously researched and beautifully
written books and essays, and I was not to be disappointed by her
collaboration with interior designer and proud dog owner, Nancy
Chwiecko. The authors have written a comprehensive and user-friendly
guide to creating the very best domestic environment for our dogs.
Every practical design option is considered, with in-depth research on a
myriad of materials and their potential suitability for dogs, whether in
small city apartments or big houses in the country.
These chapters, which range from such topics as dog behavioral issues,
building maintenance and home repair and construction, reflect a deep
understanding of animal behavior, balancing what dogs need and want
with what is practical for today’s homes. An extensive and detailed
resource list is provided for each chapter.
This book is an impressive and comprehensive study of how we live
with our dogs, their physical and emotional needs, and how we can
create the best environment for a safe, healthy and happy life with them.
There’s a Dog in the House is an invaluable resource and a pleasure
to read. It is a “must have” for those fortunate enough to enjoy the
companionship of a dog.
William Secord
56
Volume 13 November
Hairless breeds sHare tHe same genetic
mutation and Have a common History
Kirsi sainio (Finland)
The Dog Genome Project that was completed in 2005
in the USA started a new chapter – or maybe a whole
new novel in the history of dog genetics. Not only the
mutations that cause diseases but also those creating breed
specific characteristics have been opened up by researchers
recently one after another. One of the most peculiar
phenomenon among the breeds of dogs is the so called
hairless phenotype. The most well-known naked breeds
actually also share the same gene mutation. The mutation
speaks also for the common past and history of these breeds.
Indeed, this might be the fact that in the future helps to
keep these breeds alive since they are variations of the
same “theme” and maybe should be treated as variations
of the same breed.
All
the
consequences
of
the mutation are
not known yet,
but what we know
is that lack of this
factor that regulates
the
transcription
(=”reading”)
of
numerous
other
genes, has a dramatic
effect during dog
embryogenesis.
The gene mutation behind the hairless phenotype in
Chinese Crested, Mexican Hairless and Peruvian Hairless
has occurred at some point in the history of dogdom in
DNA coding for a so called transcription factor. This
factor, called Foxi3, belongs to the FOX-protein family.
It may sound a funny name game if it would refer to the
closely related species, fox, but actually the name comes
from complicated and ambiguous English name “FOrk
head-winged heliX”. The FOX genes have a very similar
DNA sequence and the proteins encoded by these genes
have a very characteristic three-dimensional structure with
butterfly-like wings as a center surrounded by a so called
alfa-helical sheet. “Fork head” comes from the first gene
mutation caused by a FOX family member actually found
in fruit flies. The fruit fly embryos with the mutation had
head and brain-like structures in their gut.
crested
Peruvian
This phenomenon is known as homeotic transformation
and speaks for a gene that has a profound effect on normal
embryonic development. There are dozens of FOX-gene
family members and proteins. This “hairless” factor is
thus only one among many similar transcription factors,
but almost nothing was know about it before the hairless
mutation in dogs was characterised.
The gene mutation found in dogs is so called deletion
and as a consequence one part of this gene located in
dog chromosome 17 is lacking. The deletion is a so called
inactivating mutation and the protein is totally missing.
Xolo
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Volume 13 November
the hairless dogs we have genotyped. The gene is thus a
semi lethal factor and when the mutated gene is inherited
from both the dam and the male, it causes embryonic
lethality at the early stages of development. The mutated
factor is dominant over the normal gene and since the gene
is in the dog chromosome number 17, the inheritance of
the mutation is called autosomal dominant. Although the
penetrance of the phenotype caused by the mutation is
100%, there are some individuals, especially in the Chinese
Crested variation that have “too much hair” from the Breed
Standard point of view. What the other possible factors or
so called genetic modifiers that in these individuals affect
the phenotype are not known at the moment, but this is
something we try to find out in a research project continued
by the Swiss and Finnish researchers.
How has the mutation occurred in the first place? These
breeds are not originally “man made” but the mutation is a
spontaneous one and has seen the day light during the early
dawn of dog evolution. Because of the dramatic effect the
mutation has on the dog phenotype – complete lack of hair
- it is feasible to think that the mutation must have taken
place in the southern hemisphere or close to the equator
where the climate has been approximately the same during
the whole 30.000 years of evolution of dogs. Who is then
the ancestor of the hairless dogs? The best guess is a dog
that lived in South-Western or South-Eastern Asia, close
to China. Why and by whom these dogs were kept, is not
really clear but the story goes that the Han Dynasty in
China had these dogs – both smaller and larger ones.
Some smaller-sized individuals were transported
to England by travellers in the late 19th century – to be
shown at markets and circus since they did look peculiar.
The breed soon had the first fans and the more systematic
breeding started in England and also in North-America.
Actually the country of origin of this breed is China but the
country that developed the breed and is responsible for the
Breed Standard is the UK. Another route that these dogs
took was the one across the Pacific to Central and SouthAmerica. One theory is that the dogs were kept as food
supply and “hottie bottles” of the sailors travelling from Asia
to America. Actually being a “hottie bottle” is something
that the fishermen in the Northern Pacific still use these
dogs for. The fact that the body temperature of the hairless
dog feels higher than in normal dogs is most probably due
to the fact that the skin donates heath more easily without
hair. Eventually the hairless dogs arrived in Mexico and
Peru and were cherished and bred by the Aztecs and Incas.
Remarks and stories written by the Spanish Conquistadors
as they invaded the settlements of these old civilizations
also tell about these peculiar looking dogs.
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Volume 13 November
The ancestor of the hairless breeds has not necessarily
been similar to any of the hairless breeds we know today
since the breed type for all three breeds has been established
much later that the mutation was known. The fact that the
mutation is a dominant one makes it possible still today
to cross a naked dog with a normal individual and some
of the puppies will be hairless. This kind of breeding still
takes place at least in Peru and the puppies are sold as true
hairless Peruvians. Therefore the pedigrees of Mexicans
and Peruvians sometimes are questionable to say the least,
but maybe this is at the moment the only way to keep these
breeds alive.
The situations and problems in Chinese Cresteds
are very much different. This breed has been subject to
the “classical” dog breeding program for decades with
established pedigrees. This has made the Chinese Crested
a perfect pet and one of the most popular Toy breeds
throughout the world. The Peruvians and Mexicans have
more complicated temperament, they are not as open and
pet-like as the Chinese Cresteds – there is still a zip of a
wild dog in them. So there is more in these breeds than just
the lack of the hair that makes them what they are although
the hairless phenotype is their most characteristic feature.
Therefore, although there are similarities between the
Chinese Crested with the small Mexicans and Peruvians,
there are also some differences. There is no such thing as
middle-sized or standard-sized Chinese Cresteds, but there
are these three different size variations in the Mexican and
Peruvian hairless. The difference between the standard
Mexican and Peruvian should be quite clear, but the
matter of the truth is that today it may be difficult to
say who is who.
What then are the common features? Almost exclusively
those that can be directly associated to the Foxi3 gene and
protein. The protein in dogs seems to affect not only the
development of the hair follicles responsible for the growth
of normal hair, but also the development of teeth and the
whole facial area. The British Breed Standard of the Chinese
Crested says: “Muzzle tapering slightly but never pointed,
lean without flews. Nose a prominent feature, narrow in
keeping with muzzle.” Additionally the Standard describes
the jaws and the bite “MOUTH: Jaws strong, with perfect,
regular scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping
lower teeth and set square to the jaws.” The Peruvian
Breed Standard (accepted by Peru and FCI) says about the
jaws and bite the following: “Jaws/Teeth : The incisors are
in scissor bite and the canines developed normally. The
absence of one or all the premolars and molars is accepted.
The lower jaw is only slightly developed.”
Now we are getting closer to the mutation… and finally
the Mexican hairless breed standard almost hits the jackpot:
“JAWS/TEETH : Hairless Xoloitzcuintle : Strong jaws.
The incisors should close perfectly in a scissor bite with
the superior incisors overlapping; the interior surface of
the superior incisors touching the external surface of the
lower incisors, squaring the jaw. A level bite, edge to edge,
is also permitted.
The only teeth that are not so easily missing or disrupted
are the 2nd and especially 3rd molars. This may be because
of the developmental differences between different kinds
of teeth in the canine dentition. The molars do not develop
in two individual sets but become directly permanent teeth
from the so called dental lamina during the mid gestation.
Molars are also the first teeth to develop – and premolars
are the last. Therefore there are many more missing
premolars than molars, canines or incisors: there is
simply not enough dental lamina left for the premolars
to develop after all the other teeth have developed before
them. This is true not only in the hairless breeds but actually
in all dogs having missing teeth regardless of the breed. The
permanent teeth in hairless dogs are also usually small and
misshapen. This is most probably because of the fact that
Foxi3 not only regulates the development of the permanent
teeth but also gives identity cues to individual teeth sets
during the development. The canine (tooth) does not really
know if it should be a canine or an incisor when Foxi3 is
not fully active.
The absence of a few incisors, canines, molars, premolars or rotated teeth should not be penalized, as many
dogs do not have deep roots. Genetically, the absence
of hair is closely linked to the absence of teeth. Coated
Xoloitzcuintle : Full dentition with scissor or level bite
is required. Tongue : The Xolo’s tongue is generally pink
but may have black markings, spots or stripes, which is a
common characteristic of the breed. The tongue is always
inside the mouth.” In all three breeds the hairless variation
should be naked except for the hair on the top of the head
(the top knot), few individual hairs on the body, hair on the
feet and in the tail. The British Breed Standard for Chinese
Crested does not speak about profuse hair on the head, feet
To make a long story short: it is almost impossible
and tail anymore – and rightfully so.
to have a completely hairless individual with a full,
permanent dentition. In the Mexicans the Breed
The Breed Standards are clearly running behind the Standard calls for strong jaws and most probably because
science. We have analyzed during many years the bite of the Standard wants to make a difference between a more
dozens of Peruvians and Chinese Cresteds. A full dentition refined and elegant Peruvian. With the selective breeding
is extremely rare and actually we only know one individual the Mexican breed type has become stronger and a bit more
– a Mexican hairless living in Sweden, that seems to have robust. What we know at the moment is that the mutation
full dentition and is completely naked. The Breed Standards also affects the jaws. Therefore, it may be that the Breed
give a fairly detailed description of the teeth. Nevertheless Standard of the Mexican should also be changed but this
in reality the truly naked individuals have few incisors, in requires more knowledge about the mutation.
many cases small, chiseled canines that protrude forward,
Only the Mexican Breed Standard pinpoints that the
no premolars whatsoever and if not anything else, always
the 3rd molars. There are countless variation of the theme mutation causing the hairless phenotype is also associated
found in different individuals. Sometimes most of the teeth with the lack of dentition. In the other two Breed Standards
are milk teeth and there are no permanent teeth – except this is not mentioned – as it should be. The breeders of
for the molars. This is just the other side of the coin – or these three breeds are facing (literally) the impossible:
in this case the mutation. These dogs also lack teeth, but it keep the dogs hairless but breed for the normal dentition
looks better when they at least have the milk teeth left. And or jaws. Especially in the Chinese Crested there is another
left is exactly what happens here: the milk teeth do not fall problem: many too hairy individuals are shaved or treated
out without the permanent teeth which are needed to “eat with chemicals in order to fulfill the image of a “my little
up” the root of the milk teeth because that is what makes pony” type of a dog with a naked body and hairy head and
the milk teeth go. If there are no permanent teeth to finish tail. The hairy variation of the Chinese Crested, so called
this job, the milk teeth become the permanent dentition.
powder puff, normally has full dentition and a profuse coat
on body, tail, feet and head. It may be tempting to make
The Breed Standard of the Chinese Crested calls for a powder puff a hairless – and it does look much more
the full scissor bite both in hairless and in powder puffs. appealing in the show ring than the “real thing”.
From the scientific point of view this requirement is very
Just looking back at the photos from the ‘40s and ‘50s –
odd, since the mutation that causes the hairless phenotype no such thing as the present day naked Chinese Crested that
affects dramatically also the dentition and unfortunately runs around the show ring was known. The true hairless
the affect on the dentition seems to be very random.
ones are mostly left home since they cannot compete with
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Volume 13 November
the hairy hairless individuals… Another question then is,
how then to breed Peruvian Hairless with normal canines?
How to get naked Mexicans with strong jaws? I would say
that this is a mission impossible – in the true meaning of
the word. The most important and characteristic feature
of these breeds is the lack of hair. If we want to keep this
phenotype up and going, we maybe need to compromise
in some other things – but not so that the health and the
wealth of the dog is forgotten.
The Peruvian Hairless Breed Standard is the one with the
most serious problem. It does not even recognise the hairy
variation of the breed. Yet all the breeders know that these
individuals are born as they also are born in the Chinese
Crested and Mexican Hairless litters. Putting two hairless
individuals together does not make “the problem” go away
since the wild type individuals without the mutation are
still born in Mendelian frequency. The only thing that is
missing are the hairless homozygotes that die in these
combinations early during the embryonic development
and thus in many occasions the litter size of the hairyhairy combination is smaller. In a case of such semi-lethal
mutation it is absolutely necessary to use the wild type
individuals for breeding.
breeding programme these variations could be mixed to
keep up the genetic pool and the hairless variations alive. I
may be radical but at least I am rational ... What if we could
mix the small Mexicans and Peruvians? This variation
in both breeds is really rare and we could increase the
genetic pool without losing the hairless phenotype. After
this it would be easier to try to make them look like the
Breed Standard. Originally we are talking about the same
mutation and the same ancestors – this type of a mutation
has occurred only once during the dog evolution and is
therefore a so called ancestral mutation. We do not have
to kiss good bye the individual Breed Standards but these
breeds except for the Chinese Crested are very rare and
they should be first genetically saved before we can start to
talk about Breed Standards.
In the case of the Chinese Crested – my humble
opinion is that we have lost the true hairless already
and we are trying to create a perfect show dog dancing
around the ring with the mane and tail flying about.
In human medicine the mutation found in the hairless
breeds – or rather the phenotype the mutation creates – is
considered to be an abnormality or a disease. The disease is
called ectodermal dysplasia (ED). The other consequences
of the Foxi3 mutation except for the ED in dogs are not
well known. Therefore the breeders should pick up their
breeding stock extremely carefully. Lack or malformed anal
opening, lack of the outer ear canal and skin problems are
among reported anomalies in hairless dogs. Ectodermal
dysplasias in humans causes also lack of different glands
and the same may be true in the dogs. But we simply do not
know all the details yet. With a careful breeding programme
and selected wild type breeding stock we should be able to
keep these rarities in the dog world alive for the generations
to come – if this is what we want.
In Chinese Crested the wild type individual – the powder
puffs - have been bred for years and they have been selected
for a certain hair type the Standard describes. In Mexicans
the Breed Standard was changed in 2007 and it gives a
description of the hairy variation where the coat is much
more variable than in the Chinese Crested powder puffs.
The same thing should be done in the Peruvian Hairless
Breed Standard – and quickly. I cannot really understand
either, what is the point not to registrate the wild type
Mexicans or Peruvians especially? They have pedigrees
and they are as pure bred as their naked litter mates – but
they – poor souls – only lack this semi-lethal mutation and
Finally, not to mix the hairless mutation with other naked
in the human world they would be considered the normal!
mutations in the dogs, the American Hairless Terrier for
Hello, is there anybody out there ???
instance, has a totally different mutation and this mutation
What would happen if the hairy variation would be seen does not cause lack of dentition. The mutation in the naked
in the show ring? This is forbidden in the Mexican Breed terriers is autosomal recessive. X-chromosomal mutation
Standard although the wild type variation is recognised. causing an ectodermal dysplasia has been also characterised
What is the point to leave them outside? There have been in dogs. This is one of the most common mutations causing
concerns that the hairless variation would eventually the disease in humans and the affected gene is called EDA.
disappear. Why, since the mutation is dominant? “Look The dogs are not completely hairless, but they lack one type
what has happened in the Chinese Cresteds…” True, of a hair. This mutation also affects the number of teeth and
but why could we could not think of showing them in glands. The mutation has been characterized in German
separate classes? “Mexican Dog: Hairless and Normal”. Shepherds. In Scottish Deerhounds there is an autosomal
The same thing would do for the Peruvians and why not recessive mutation that causes a variable degree or hairless
also for Chinese Cresteds? It would be fair and square and phenotype, with variability between complete nakedness to
similar dogs would compete against each other. Then in the shedding hair and baldness. This mutation does not affect
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Volume 13 November
Finally, not to mix the hairless mutation with other naked
mutations in the dogs, the American Hairless Terrier for
instance, has a totally different mutation and this mutation
does not cause lack of dentition. The mutation in the naked
terriers is autosomal recessive. X-chromosomal mutation
causing an ectodermal dysplasia has been also characterised
in dogs. This is one of the most common mutations causing
the disease in humans and the affected gene is called EDA.
The dogs are not completely hairless, but they lack one type
of a hair. This mutation also affects the number of teeth and
glands. The mutation has been characterized in German
Shepherds. In Scottish Deerhounds there is an autosomal
recessive mutation that causes a variable degree or hairless
phenotype, with variability between complete nakedness to
shedding hair and baldness. This mutation does not affect
the dentition at all and most probably the glands also are
normal. The causative gene for this mutation is not known.
References:
DRÖGEMÜLLER, E, KARLSSON, E., HYTÖNEN,
M., PERLOSKI, M., DOLF, G., SAINIO, K., LOHI, H.,
LINDBLAD-TOH, K., LEEB, T. A mutation in hairless
dogs implicates Foxi3 in ectodermal development. Science,
321:1462, 2008
About the author: Kirsi sainio
Adjunct Professor in Embryology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Helsinki
Member of the Board of the Finnish Kennel Club
Chair of the Scientific Committee of the Finnish Kennel
Club
Secretary and member of the FCI Breeding Commission
Member of the Nordic Kennel Union Scientific
Committee and Chair of the DNA group
Dog breeder for almost 30 years
FCI licensed judge for Terriers
The mystery
of the Chinese Crested mouth..
In addition, they usually have thin enamel and
shallow root as well.
Without the pressure of advancing adult teeth to push
them out, premolars, as well as other puppy teeth, can
remain firmly rooted in place for many years. Asymmetrical
patterns of dentition and fused teeth are also not uncommon
features of the “hairless” mouth.
Over the years I’ve occasional heard from other
exhibitors that a particular judge after examining their
dogs’ has commented how nice the dog is, its a shame
about the mouth. Its a shame the judges aren’t provided
the information in the first place in the breed standard in
a clear concise manner. A point to consider some breeders
believe the absence of forward pointing tusks in a hairless
demonstrates that the dog is not infact truely hairless dog.
Written by Joanne Tilbrook with permission with
information from “Hairless Dogs - The Naked Truth” by
Amy Fernadez and Kellie Rae. See also article from the
Canadian Kennel Club in this feature.
This unique breed is blessed with a number of
what we term “breed characteristics” which are
often misunderstood by judges. The mouth of
the Chinese Crested dog is the major problem for
most judges because both our Breed Standard
and breed extensions do not explain the hairless
mouth clearly.
There are hundreds of years of documented evidence
establishing a link between the dominant hairless gene and
a predisposition for missing teeth.
The Australian breed standard quotes “ MOUTH- Jaws
strong with perfect, regular bite, i.e, the upper teeth closely
overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws”.
The breed extension goes on o mention the preseence of
forward pointing tusks (canines) and the absence of some
or all of the pre-molars.
Let’s start with the easy one, the Powder Puff, they should
have a perfect scissor bite as described and full dentition.
That’s as straight forward as it gets.
The hairless mouth is the mystery the judges face.
This term hairless mouth actually refers to a broad
range of possibilities; everything from a complete set
of “hairless” teeth, to a very sparse set of absolutely
normal adult teeth and any combination in between.
“Hairless” teeth can be compared to big puppy teeth;
rather primitive and peg-like incisors, no premolars,
with distinctive tusk-like, pointed canine teeth.
You want weird dentition in hairless? Ron, our tiny Xolo, at EIGHT years old,
has JUST NOW decided to grow NEW upper canines,
and one lower center tooth! About 1/8” long, all nice
‘n shiny white! That’s his third set! (Puppy teeth,
adult teeth -- which he lost -- and now these!)
Anybody else have something like that happen
in their hairless?
Rebecca Riel [email protected]
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Volume 13 November
© 1963 by TFH Publications, Inc
(above) Lotus Flower.
a bitch of the cobby type
is slightly heavier than
a bitch of the deer type
(above) Here a Chinese Crested poaes
with an Italian Greyhound,
note the relative sizes of the two dogs
(centre) Chinese Cresteds are alert,
friendly and exceptionally warm
companions
(below) Mar-Cott’s Sum Fun (dog, left)
and Yan Cee (female, right)
(below)A cobby type (left)
and the deer type (right)
Chinese Crested
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Volume 13 November
Hairless love
Vietnamese Pot Bellied Pig. With me came the
hairless team, my own dogs, Nori and Cly, a
Skinny Pig (hairless guinea pig) and a Sphynx
cat. I feel much more comfortable working
with these kind of dogs and my fellow AITACA
members respected my choice at all times.
The staff of the places we visit are completely surprised
when they run into our hairless animals for the first time
but curiously they always become very popular among
residents.
by Carles Toldrà Sifrés (Spain)
In recent years Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) has
gained in popularity in my country, Spain, but we are
quite far from the Anglo-Saxon long-term experience.
Many people tend to confuse therapy dogs with assistance
dogs, highly popular among the collective imaginarium
as well as the most frequently used breeds like Golden
Retrievers or Labradors.
As Phil Arkow points out “no breed has an inherent
predisposition for therapeutic interventions: the
dynamics of an individual animal’s personality and its
interaction with the handler and patient cause results”.
Leaving aside the ancient myths and superstitions about
hairless dogs and their healing reputation I knew from
previous professional experiences such as Iva Bajtelorova,
psycotherapist in Kolin (Czech Republic) or Melanie
Chan working with Peruvian Hairless dogs (Inti, Viviann
or Justine) in Florida, an organisation based in California,
Xolos for Chronic Pain Relief and several Xcusa members
like Gwinn-Dell’s Don Quixote or Ch Baalche (Hoover)
both certified therapy dogs by Paws for Love I would like
to share my personal experience working with hairless
dogs in AAT/AAA programmes.
Unfortunately, I haven’t had the opportunity to work
with Xolos or AHT up until now but I hope to do so in the
near future. My first approach to these breeds was many
years ago. I remember a picture of a Peruvian Hairless in
a Dog Encyclopedia that fascinated me. It was an orchid
one, the same type that I still prefer. Thirty years ago
hairless dogs were almost a fantasy in the popular quarter
of Barcelona where I lived. Years went by until I met
my first Chinese Crested, a true hairless female owned
by a foreign lady, nowadays a good friend of mine. We
share the same veterinarian and the hospital was babysitting Pninah because her owner had gone on summer
holidays. That strange-looking creature fascinated me
immediately. She resembled a little deer with a black
toupee and her pair of round brilliant eyes looked at me
surprised. Probably I was more shocked than her.
Three years ago I was invited to join AITACA, a Catalan
non-profit organisation which carries out multiple AAT
and AAA programs. They previously had been working
with Labradors and Golden Retrievers as well as a
The Chinese Crested is a happy and easygoing dog by
nature. Nori is a ten year old neutered female although
she is in top form. I adopted her six years ago when my
Pug was a geriatric dog and the veterinarian suggested
that the company of a younger dog would be beneficial for
her. Luckily for me I met Teresa Moreu, an internationally
reputed breeder, Della Castafiore kennel, and a very
generous woman that gave me Nori for adoption. She is a
true hairless with great topline and excellent attitude but
the recent fashion that favours more hairy dogs excluded
her from dog shows. This little girl has an extraordinary
temperament, a natural empathy toward elderly people
that gives me an invaluable companion to work with. Due
to her age we schedule her work very carefully in order to
preserve her welfare.
Nori gracefully portrayed by a disabled woman,
Llar-Residència Sopluig, Girona
Other photos (right)
1 There are no specific breeds that work best for AAT/AAA
2 Nori stacking pretty waiting for another treat,
Llar-Residència Sopluig, Girona
3 Our technician on assisted therapy sitting with a resident
holding Clytemnestre, Llar-Residència Sopluig, Girona
4 Walk On Leash, Fundacio Astres
5 Onda, many residents enjoy grooming the dogs
and reinforce their own hygienic habits and routines,
LLar-Residència Sopluig, Girona
6 A young woman with Nori,
going on a trip to l’Estany, Banyoles
7 Animals are to be given adjustment time
and quiet time periods before and after a therapy session
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Volume 13 November
1
2
4
3
5
6
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7
cont from page 65
communication (both verbal and non-verbal) and
interpersonal relationship as well as improving hygienic
habits. We explained to her that we should use a different
protocol (the user had been previously working with
Golden Retrievers) because Peruvians were very sensitive
dogs and responded much better to gentle handling. The
woman understood perfectly the special circumstances
and we consider that she learned to better control her
impulsive behaviour.
At this moment our main goal is carrying out a
volunteering programme in a local nursing home. We
make a weekly visit and we work hand in hand with one
psychologist. Our residents are mainly elderly people with
high dependency levels. I want to point out that working
with Nori gives us countless advantages and benefits.
For instance, I can place her on the ladies’ laps and they
can cuddle her in a way that would be impossible with
a bigger breed like our Goldens. Her body temperature
We took a walk several times with the group in order
although the same as any dog feels warmer to the touch to increase social interaction with the community and
and is a valuable stimulus for many users.
Clytemnestre’s self control while walking on leash
stopping from time to time and waiting for the girl
Moreover, some of them help me to apply body milk to (she has a certain degree of movement difficulty) were
Nori’s skin. With this exercise we’re helping to increase quite impressive. They bonded so wonderfully despite
their fine psychomotricity in the same way we could do a psychiatrist’s distrust that the last session was very
by brushing a hairy dog. Furthermore, Golden Retrievers touching for all people involved.
become quickly overheated and we have to make frequent
stops to water them whereas she feels comfortable in the
All that said and from my point of view I only
nursing home at a higher temperature. During the winter can strongly encourage all of you to work with these
season she usually wears bright colored t-shirts that we fascinating creatures with whom I’m lucky enough to
change every week in order to work long-term memory. share my daily life.
Finally it doesn’t take more than five minutes to groom
her, no hair is left behind and she is less likely to provoke
We would like to kindly thank Fundació Astres and
an allergy.
Fundació Estany for their assistance in the production
Clytemnestre is a four and a half years old Peruvian
Hairless bred in France by Mme Claire Chagneaud. She
came into my life as a pet, her remarkable beauty and
unusual skin color made me fall in love with her. I travelled
to Douvres la Délivrande, a little town near Caen to pick
up her and meet the breeder personally The animal who
was four months old by then had grown up surrounded
by children, a Chow Chow and a beautiful Sphynx cat.
This early and rich socialisation let her become
a confident adult. Shortly after and following some
suggestions we began a show career and surprisingly she
was more confident than me at/in the ring but she always
made it clear that she wouldn’t tolerate sharp attitudes
from judges or strangers. To me that was the clue. They
tend to be aloof with strangers but when they open their
heart to you they are very loving and sensitive so we can
take advantage of this particularity instead of seeing it as
something negative.
of this article.
www.aitaca.net
When we decided that Clytemnestre should join
our program at Llar-Residència Sopluig from Fundació
Estany we chose her to meet the needs of a young woman.
The main goals of the programme were to increase
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Volume 13 November
THE CHINESE CRESTED
General Description: Small active and graceful dogs; medium
to fine boned, smooth hairless body with hair on feet, head and
tail only; or covered with a soft veil of hair.
General Description Breakdown.
Small; This is of course relative; the dog is in reality a
medium sized TOY dog. He is not as small as the Chihuahua
nor is he as big as the Lowchen. Too small and he appears
shelly and fragile (remember he is a hunter by nature and is
still quite capable of killing birds and mice).
Active and graceful; The most apt description is quick,
everything is speedy and precise. A slow reluctant Crested
is not typical.
Hair placement; Usually Crested are shown with the
hair clipped off of the face but they can have a full face of
hair if left unshaven. The Powderpuffs have a silky veil of
hair and can also be left unshaven on the face if desired.
Both varieties can appear in the same litter, the gene that
controls the hairlessness is dominant, so from a Hairless to
Hairless mating, Powderpuffs can result as well as Hairless
pups. However from a Powderpuff to Powderpuff mating
only Powderpuffs can result, as the long coat is a recessive
gene. In judging the varieties consideration must be given
to BOTH. Putting a bad Hairless over a good Puff is not
sound judging and does nothing to promote or improve the
breed
Characteristics; Two distinct types of this breed; Deer
type, racy and fined boned and the Cobby type, heavier in body
and bone.
Temperament Happy never vicious; Some dogs can be
overwhelmed by crowds of strangers and can appear at
less than their best. Cresteds are naturally a wary dog and
can be aloof with strangers. Crested are very hound like in
their nature. Watch them as they move out, does the tail
go up and the expression change? If it does then the dog is
naturally happy and is just unsure and wary of you. This is
more obvious in adolescents and exposure to shows usually
fixes the problem. If the dog slinks or fights hysterically on
the table don’t push the situation, take stock of his age,
however if the dog is vicious then treat it as a fault and
grade it in context of that fault.
Head and Skull; Slightly rounded and elongated skull.
Cheeks cleanly chiselled, lean and flat, tapering into muzzle.
Stop slightly pronounced but not extreme. Head smooth, without
excess wrinkles. Distance from base of skull to stop equal to
distance from stop to tip of nose. Muzzle tapering slightly but never
pointed leans without flews. Nose is a prominent feature, narrow
in keeping with muzzle, any colour acceptable. Head presenting
a graceful appearance, with alert expression. Lips tight and thin.
An ideal crest begins at the stop and tapers off down the neck.
66
Volume 13 November
Long and flowing preferred
but sparse acceptable.
Head
and
Skull
Description;
Slightly
rounded and not apple
domed and is elongated
like a stretched circle. The
cheeks are lean similar
to a Saluki’s head and
not bulging like a Staffie.
Everything about the
head speaks of elegance.
The stop is slightly
pronounced, again similar
to an Afghan Hound
or Saluki and not like a
Rottweiler or a Mastiff.
The head when viewed from above should form a wedge.
The cheeks flow into the muzzle without any real or
pronounced demarcation line. Wrinkles will occur on the
skin especially around the mouth, but not over the skull
or around the cheeks. The head must appear balanced and
the measurements reflect that. A short skull with a long
muzzle makes the head look unbalanced and it is the same
with a short muzzle and a long skull. The muzzle is tapered
underneath in much the same way as a Doberman. It must
never be chopped away underneath so that it appears top
heavy around the nose or snipey. The nose is prominent and
is clean cut and well defined. It is not overly large or overly
small and should blend into the muzzle. Any coloured
nose is acceptable but a bright pink nose on a black dog
is a little odd. Self-coloured is the usual requirement with
the darker dogs having the black nose and the reds, creams
and browns having the lighter nose. The lips are tightly
fitting around the mouth, loose flews are unacceptable, as
is heavy padding around the mouth and this detracts from
the lean and elegant head. The expression should be alert,
don’t forget this dog is a little hunter by nature and a sullen,
stupid, resentful or a bored looking dog is not typical.
Eyes; So dark as to appear black. Little or no white showing.
Medium size, almond in shape. Set wide apart.
Ears; Set low, highest point of base of ear level with the
outside corner of eyes. Large and erect, with or without
fringe except in Powderpuff where drop ears are permissible.
The ears of a Crested should not stick out sideways as this
detracts from the alert appearance of the dog The ear is set
erect on the head with the ideal ear starting level with the
outside corner of the eye and ending almost level with the
inside corner of the eye. They are large, small ears are not
correct. Erect ears are sometimes found on Powderpuffs
but drop ears are permissible and usually more common in
Australia.
Mouth; Jaws strong, with
perfect regular scissor bite,
i.e. the upper teeth closely
overlapping the lower teeth
and set square to the jaw.
The jaws are quite
strong for such a little dog
and this again reflects the
hunting nature of the dog.
The mouth of the Hairless
and the Powderpuff are
totally different. _Both
are required to have
scissor bites but teeth are
sometimes scarce in the mouth of the Hairless. The gene that
modifies the coat also controls the teeth, therefore do not
expect a normal looking canine mouth. The upper canines
are forward pointing more like a cat and lower ones are
thick tusks. Where there are teeth present in the front, they
should set in a scissor bite. Gaps appear where premolars
and molars are missing. The teeth are sometimes loosely
set in the jaw and are lost or do not grow at all. Powderpuffs
always have regular teeth and full dentition.
Neck Lean; free from throatiness, long and sloping gracefully
into strong shoulders. When moving, carried high and slightly
arched. Think of elegance and this will give you an idea
about the neck of a Crested. There should not be any saggy
skin on the neck, it should be tight fitting and smooth to
touch. The neck is long and flows into the shoulder. There
should not be any break in the flowing line from the head
to the shoulder. The neck is carried up and with a proud
arch to it, reminiscent of an Arab horse.
Forequarters; Shoulders clean, narrow and well laid back.
Legs long and slender set well under body. Elbows held close to the
body. Pasterns fine, strong, nearly vertical. Toes turned neither in
nor out.The shoulders must not be over muscled or bulging,
they are lean, in keeping with the rest of the dog. The
shoulders have an approximate 450 lay. This type of shoulder
is essential to prevent a hackney or goose-stepping gait, or
a dog with no reach. The elbows should be in line with the
point of wither. That is to say a vertical line drawn through
the point of wither should bisect the elbow and continue to
the bumper pad. The legs are long and slender but should
not be weak or under muscled. They should sit well under
the body and should not flap at the elbow. Pasterns are
fine but strong and nearly vertical they should not bow or
appear down on pastern. This can be deceiving in the light
of the extreme hare foot, which can make the pastern look
down.
Body; Medium to long. Supple. Chest rather broad and deep
not barrel-ribbed. Breast bone not prominent. Brisket extending
to elbows, moderate tuck up. The dog is not as long a ratio as a
Basset and dogs that are too long look unbalanced, however
common sense must prevail here and extremely long bodies
on short legs are not what we are looking for. The chest is
broad but not with large muscle. The chest seen from the
side extends to the elbow, a dog that is shallow here cannot
have the required tuck up and presents a level underline.
The chest while well sprung is not rounded like a barrel.
The appearance of the fore chest is flowing and smooth
with everything blending throughout the dog’s body.
Hindquarters; Rump well-rounded and muscular, loins
taut, stifles firm and long, sweeping smoothly into well let down
hocks. Angulation of rear limb must be such as to produce a level
back. Hind legs set wide apart. Think again of the elegance
of an Arab horse. He must have the strong muscles to
drive his hindquarters but he does not rise over the rear.
The loins are tight and not too short as the dog is agile and
can turn fast. The stifles are long and firm to propel to dog
along without losing the level back. The angulation is best
described as moderate to well angulated. Straight stifles
will produce a rising rear end and choppy movement.
Feet; Hare foot, narrow and very long, with unique
elongation of small bones between joints especially in
forefeet, which almost appear to possess an extra joint.
Nails any colour, moderately long. Socks ideally confined
to toes, but not extending above the top of the pastern.
Feet turning neither in nor out. It is a very odd looking
foot to find on a dog. It is almost a hand and can be used as
such. They are very good at climbing vertically and using
their feet to reach things. The nails are rather long for a
dog’s foot but do not expect the nail to be excessively worn
down as the shape of the foot prevents this. Socks can be
sparse or heavily furnished and usually extend to the top of
the pastern. The feet should face forward and not turn or
roll.
Tail; Set high, carried up or out when in motion. Long and
tapering, fairly straight, not curled or twisted to either side, falling
naturally when at rest. Plume long and flowing confined to lower
two thirds of tail. Sparse plume acceptable.
The tail will
rise when the dog
moves out, the
more enthusiastic
the dog the higher
the tail appears to
go. The tail should
not be ringed like
an Afghan Hound
or twisted like
a Pug. The tail
extends to the
hock when at rest.
The tail can curl
67
Volume 13 November
slightly over the back if the dog is very alert. Again we see
the maxim that a sparse coated dog is NOT to be penalised
if it is a good representative of the breed.
Coat; No large patches of hair anywhere on body. Skin
fine grained, smooth, warm to the touch. In Powderpuffs
coat consists of an undercoat with soft veil of long hair,
veil coats a feature.
The skin of a Crested
should feel like expensive
kid leather. There can be a
marked colour change from
summer to winter, with the
dog becoming paler during
the winter months. Puppies
will also change, as they
grow, with some pups being
born all pink and ending
up a solid colour. Coarse
rough skin is not typical,
sometimes skin blemishes
appear
especially
on
adolescent dogs but these
are transitory in nature.
The coat of the Powderpuff
is very difficult to explain,
the coat should have lift, it is not like a Silky Terrier coat
that lies close to the body, and it is definitely not a short
woolly coat like a Bichon. The undercoat should be long
enough to just hold the outer coat away from the body.
The outer hair should be soft and silky and appear to float
especially when the dog is moving. I believe the term “Veil
Coat” applies more to the movement of the coat which
should float like a veil than the idea that the coat is see
through. Much argument has gone on as to whether the
skin should be seen through the coat and I am sure this
will go on forever more. I will leave it in that I consider the
coat should be dense enough that no areas of skin should
show, but not so heavy as to look like an Afghan Hound.
Underneath this coat, the body of the Powderpuff should
not be different from the body of the Hairless. The only
difference is in type, either Cobby or Deer.
Gait/Movement; Long, flowing and elegant with good reach
and plenty of drive.Elegant is the only word that should
describe the light airy movement of the dog. The front legs
are lifted fairly high and pushed forward. It is not a hackney
gait as there is good reach nor is it a Shepherd gait as the
head is carried up. IT IS DEFINITELY NOT A PONY
ACTION. The action is not choppy or short stepping. It
should flow along with no exaggeration either fore or aft.
Drive behind should be powerful and the muscles of the
hindquarters and the angulation and flex of the stifle should
be able to provide this.
68
Volume 13 November
The biggest mistake we see made in judging Cresteds is
the rewarding of goose-stepping dogs. The drive is good
but the shoulders are not and the front goes up and down.
The dog is propelled by its rear and may as well not have
front feet. Please remember this dog is not a carriage pony
and that high stepping action is wrong.
Size; Ideal Height Dogs 28-33cms or 11-13 ins_Bitches
23-30cms or 9-12 inches
Faults; Any departure from the foregoing points should be
considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should
be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree. Note;
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully
A selection of old photos from Sally Johnston’s collection
please note the original naturally hairless type, not shaved
or needing the use of depilatory cream, correct small size, true toys,
correct not aeroplane ears, the unique feet and free of all the hair
that is seen nowadays, especially on the ears and feet
acaMBO’s nanKY pOO
TWO represenTaTives of the FlaTcresT preFix
sTarOUnD lilY & sTarOUnD JOe
sTarOUnD Gala, cannYBUFF cHeeTaH
& sTarOUnD BraHMa
NationalNational
Dog - The RingLEADER
Way Breed Feature
Dog - The RingLEADER
Way
3369
Volume
1313
November
Volume
Nos 7&8
Fargills Dee
CannybuFF Cilla & Cynga
CannybuFF Cilva
starounD inCa & starounD braHma
starounD Questo
ClogHeen Donna
National Dog
Dog -- The
RingLEADER
WayWay
Breed Feature
National
The
RingLEADER
34
70
November
VolumeVolume
13 Nos 13
7&8
A FRENCH CRESTED
HeatHermount
PHoenix oF Winterlea
WINTERLEA LUKE SPLENDID
Nikki’s PumPkiN
Zucci high exPectatioNs
Pekevista mei mei shaN oF aes
heathermouNt exocet
starouNd toNto
FreNch cresteds
highclass hairless suNshiNe &
highclass rose lee
coloNial elsPeth
National
Dog - TheDog
RingLEADER
Way BreedWay
Feature
National
- The RingLEADER
35 71
Volume
Volume1313November
Nos 7&8
CHINESE CRESTED from the RASKC Illustrated Standards 1978
Editor’s note: From the Dictionary, Crest a comb or tuft of feathers, fur,
or skin on the head of a bird or other animal.
• a thing resembling such a tuft, esp. a plume of feathers on a helmet.
(Approved by the ANKC as an interim Standard until such time as a
Standard is adopted by the Kennel Club England.)
This sturdy toy breed of rare hairless dogs comes in numerous colours,
or shades and markings and in either solid colour or all-over spotted.
They are dainty, alert, intelligent, courageous, gentle, clean, odourless and
very affectionate. They are “Free Whelpers”, seldom requiring veterinary
aid; they adjust to cold or warm climates, as their body temperature is
about four degrees higher than that of humans. Neither noisy nor “yappy”,
nevertheless they are excellent watch-dogs.
We cannot be sure of how, when or where this breed originated - it is said to be over 200,000 years old. It is
doubtful that it originated in China although it was brought to America long ago by Chinese ships and sold to
the early settlers by Chinese sailors, which perhaps accounts for the name.
General Appearance - A small, active and graceful dog; medium to fine boned; smooth hairless body, with hair
on feet, head and tail.
Head - Long skull, slightly rounded, slight stop; moderately long muzzle, cheeks lean.
Crest - Flat, high or long flowing, sparse crest acceptable;
full crest preferred.
Ears - Large upstanding ears, with or without ear fringe.
Eyes - Medium size, round and set wide apart.
Teeth - Level or scissors bite. Canine teeth or tusks
extended towards front. Premolars absent.
Neck -Long, graceful neck. Slightly arched,
carried high. Sloping gracefully to shoulders.
Body - Should be medium to long. Level back.
Rump slightly rounded. Chest deep and fairly broad.
Belly moderately tucked up.
Tail - Up and over back or lopped, never curled.
Plume on lower two-thirds preferred.
Forelegs - Straight, medium to fine boned.
Hind Legs - Hocks well let down.
Feet - Hare foot. Nails moderately long. Hair should not
come above first joint from floor.
Colour - Any colour, plain or spotted. Skin - Smooth and
soft. Warm to touch.
Weight - Varies considerably, maximum 5.43 kg. (12 lb).
Reproduced with permission
National Dog
Dog -- The
RingLEADER
WayWay
Breed Feature
National
The
RingLEADER
36
72Volume
Volume
November
13 Nos13
7&8
Some more memorabilia
3635 Liberty Heights
Baltimore IS MD
September 3, 1959
Dear Mr Reinking:
My dogs adjust to cold weather and I put on a sweater
when it snows or is to cold. About every 12th pup comes
with hair and I sell them for $50.00 & breed them to
hairless for a hairless pup. They have the same ratio of
hairless pups usually.
Sincerely
Debra E Woods
Thank you for your letter of August 30th. I breed
PS Join our club and let me send you names of hairless
Chinese crested dogs which are almost extinct. They breeders. Help save hairless!
come in 3 sizes 4lbs to 8lbs, 8lbs to 12lbs and over 12lbs
to 30lbs. I have one member of our AHDC who claims
some are from 30lbs to 175lbs, but this is the only time
I have ever heard of so large and it would make the 4th
group (like the poodles).
All hairless dog lovers owners are binding together to
form (AHDC) American Hairless Dog Club, pledged to
try to help save hairless breeds for future generations.
AKC no longer will register them but AHDC does.
$1.00 will make you a charter member of AHDC. I
have 8 grown Chinese Crested dogs (one born in Hong
Kong, China is too large to breed with the others & is
my personal pet & house guard). “Lotus” 4lbs has 2
female pups now 3 weeks old, one choice $250.00, and
one $125.00 with a bit too much crest coming down on
cheeks. My most expensive female “Nina” may have
1 or 2 pups Sept 8th to 12th, and both of these litters
sired by “Palo” 4lbs (cost $1000.00)
“Sugar” should have 3 or 4 pups on Nov 25th sired by
:Bluekey” a lovely 71/2lb blue male with eyes like stars
and a bit of fringe from the edge of his ears (black crest
and tail plume). He is so sweet natured! All Chinese
Crested are very affectionate – never snappy. Without
love I fear they would die.
They are very alert – good watch dogs and very loyal
& almost too intelligent. They come in white (pinkish),
black, dark gray, light gray, tan brown, lavender, blue
etc with plain or spotted skin and all variations of crest
and plume.
There should be a little hair on their feet.
They are odourless and not yappy. Of course fleas
have little place to enjoy. They also change color – the
sun can change a light gray dog to blue or near black.
“Ella” actually changed in 3 months from red (like a
fox) to lavender and to gray and back again to Gold.
All her pups sold last month – one went to upper New
York.
AFRICAN HAIRLESS DOGS
73
Volume 13 November
My grandmother
was born Winifred
Frances
Augustus
Bickham
(great
grandaughter of antislavery activist Dr
Reverand
Francis
Augustus Cox), in
Northam,
Western
Australia in 1915.
Before marrying my grandfather John Kingsley Jackson, she
owned a tea room in Northam. They raised two children in
the city of Perth and used to breed giant rabbits, some of
which were used by the local magicians, before moving to
the quieter hills town of Kalamunda.
In the 1950s she became interested in dog breeding, while
also being a devoted wife and sales rep for my grandfather’s
plastic and brass fitting factory. My grandmother was always
a very maternal person, looking after babies, fostering
another child and being “Mum” to all of the little dogs that
she raised through-out her life and everybody loved her
because of it. All of which she achieved while nursing an
invalid husband.
Nanna, (as I called her), became the first long haired
Chihuahua breeder in either Western Australia or Australia?
sorry I can’t recall which, but I remember her telling me so,
with her Miniatura Kennels at her home in Sampson Road,
Kalamunda. I remember her many trophies and certificates
and ribbons on display in her home, before she and my
grandfather re-located to Zante Road in Cloverdale, which
in those days was behind the Airport and in front of the
Kewdale freight yards.There she bred long and short coated
Chihuahuas and many of her dogs were sold over east and
overseas, such was her reputation as a quality breeder. She
had a cheeky sense of humour and I still have some photos
of the pup that she proudly displayed that was born with all
of the 4 playing card symbols on its body markings. One of my more chilling memories as a child was of
the enormous bush fire that started somewhere near the
freight-depot railway line and the frantic phone call my
parents received from my grandfather urging us to come
quickly and “get all the dogs out straight away.” The dogs
could sense danger and smelt the smoke, before everyone of
them (around 40 I believe) were put into one of our family’s
cars and taken to a boarding kennel. Needless to say, some
of the family members did get bitten on the fingers that
night, but luckily all of the Chihuahuas were saved, but not
my grandfather’s factory, which was destroyed along with a
few canaries and the poor chooks that were burned.
A few years later my grandmother very excitedly
showed us photos of the new little dogs she was importing
from England, she said they were like “little lions” and had
74
Volume 13 November
Win Jackson
manes, even though the rest of their bodies were hairless
(and the amount of money that she was paying for them
seemed preposterous.) When they eventually arrived, the
quarantine time seemed to take forever, I wonder what
the customs officers thought of them at the time? It was
the 1970s after all and nobody in Australia had heard of
Chinese Crested Hairless dogs. None the less, they were
the subject of much curiosity, they were on the news, in the
newspapers and we even got to see our grandmother on
Children’s television. I remember her telling my mother
that the well known Perth interviewer said snidely that
“he didn’t think much of the hairless dogs” to which she
replied that she “hadn’t thought much of his semi clad
performance on Telethon that year either.” The dogs were
the “stars” of the dog section of Perth Royal Show and they
usually won first prize, which confused me as a teenager,
because there was never any competition.
After my grandfathers’ death, nanna no longer liked
living in the same house alone as it was totally isolated and
the bush around it was very dark at night, so she sold and
gave away her dogs and retired with her second husband
to the seaside at Safety Bay, where she still maintained a
lot of her dog breeding friends by way of phone calls and
letter writing and swapping lots of photos. Nanna was
widowed a second time and this time stayed in her home
and discovered a new passion for painting and became
the resident Art teacher at her beloved Church of Christ,
where she taught and painted for many years, making lots
of friends along the way. She died in 2003 after a short
illness and is still deeply missed by all that knew and loved
her.
PERUVIANS
Photos
Trude Van Der Padt (Holland)
The Xolo and the Peruvian hairless are two separate breeds which have developed in different geographical circumstances.
These circumstances have influenced in how these breeds have developed and how they are determined today. Our
Peruvians as greyhoundlike, whereas the Xolo is a dog that was originally used for guarding and defense and is therefore
heavier and more robust. The head of the Viringo has a fine structure, with a slightly developed lower jaw. The Xolo´s
head is more developed with a strong lower jaw, in order to be able to act in his role. The ears are different as well,
especially at the tips. The Viringo has sharply pointed ears and the Xolo has rounder, larger ears. The angulations of the
Viringo are broader than the Xolo´s, which is the reason to the Viringo´s shorter steps. It is good to keep in mind that
the Peruvians have developed on the north shore of Peru, where there are lots of sand dunes, on which it is easier to
move with shorter steps. Another important difference is the lower profile of the body: the Viringo has a rising lower
line, where the Xolo has not.
PäiVi VoTkin
75
Volume 13 November
Xoloitzcuintle (Mexican Hairless Dog)
Unique, rare, strange, wonderful, ancient, unusual
— all these terms and more can be applied when
describing a Xoloitzcuintle to someone who has never
seen one. Amazing creatures with a long history, one
of the oldest breeds of canines, they appear in legends,
myths and stories.
Characteristics
A Xolo is a very intelligent, alert dog and devoted to
its human companions. It may, however, be suspicious
and reserved with strangers and requires early and active
socialization. Xolos have very good memories and a bad
experience can be difficult to work past. The breed learns
quickly, and benefits from clear, firm direction. Xolos
History
do not respond well to aggressive correction and their
Mexican Hairless, or Xoloitzcuintle (Xolo), are an ancient independent nature responds gladly to those who treat
breed of canine that has existed in what is now Mexico for them well.
more than 5000 years. Likenesses of Xolos have been found
as clay figures from the Colima culture, made around 3,000
The most prominent characteristic of a Xolo is, of course,
BC. These figures resemble the Xolos living today. Skeletons an absence of hair on most of the body. Some specimens
of Xolos have been excavated from sites in the ruins of are quite hairless, but it is within the breed standard to
Teotihucan near Mexico City dating back more than 4500 have some hair on the head, legs and a maximum of 2/3rds
years. The word xoloitzcuintle comes from the Nauhuatl of the tail. The hair is generally rather harsh in structure.
(the language spoken by the Aztec and still spoken today
by their descendents). The name is a combination of xolotl
A small percentage of Xolos will be born with hair,
— the twin brother-god of Quetzalcoatl and ituintle – dog. usually short and without undercoat. Both the coated
The name is pronounced sho-lo-itz-quinta-li. Xolos were and hairless Xolo may be registered with the Swedish
the canine guide sent by Xolotl to carry their owners across Kennel Club (SKK). Only the hairless may be shown in
an endless lake to their next life.
conformation. Both coated and hairless may be used in
breeding programs. Hairless Xolos often lack some teeth,
The Aztecs (along with the Colima, Zapotec and Maya) primarily the pre-molars, but other teeth may be missing
believed the dogs aided healing. Xolos were kept as as well without fault. Ears should be large, upright and well
companions, guardians and young dogs were sometimes shaped. Eyes should be medium-and almond shaped (soeaten. Xolos were buried with their owners along with called Indian eyes). The skin color may vary, but a dark dog
food, clothes and other treasures required in the afterlife. is preferred. As a puppy the Xolo has quite a lot of wrinkled
skin, but in adulthood the skin should be tight against the
As an integral part of MesoAmerican traditional beliefs body. Xolos should be well-angled both front and rear and
and culture, the conquistadors attempted to eradicate their movements should be free with both head and tail
Xolos. Surviving dogs found refuge in isolated villages borne high when in motion.
and scrubby woodlands. Over the centuries Xolos became
almost mythical creatures—existing in stories, and art, but Ia Bäckström, Kennel Element of Desire
rarely seen.
http://www.elementofdesire.net
In the late 1940s and early ‘50s a group of artists and
dog fanciers in Mexico began to work to restore the breed.
They traveled to villages and farms, on foot or by dirt roads
seeking the foundation stock and beginning a breeding
program. In the 1950s, The Mexican Kennel Club published
the first Breed Standard for the Xolo.
One of the early kennels was begun by Countess
Lascaselle de Premio Real. The Countess was involved in
Xolo breeding until her death in 1998 and a mural of the front
of the Mexican Kennel Club main building commemorates
her work with Xolos. Today, the Xoloitzcuintle is one of
two national breeds in Mexico (along with the Chihuahua).
76
Volume 13 November
The Xoloitzcuintle (pronounced Show low eats qweent
lee, or Xolo for short) is one of the most ancient breeds in
the Western Hemisphere, it is estimated to have originated
3500 years ago in Mexico. Xolos served the Aztecs and
Mayans as healers, hunters, guards and bed warmers,
as well as a food source and highly significant religious
sacrificial token.
Whether coated or hairless, Miniature, Intermediate
or Standard the Xoloitzcuintle is an intelligent, loyal and
extremely devoted companion.
The Xolo is an overall calm dog, cheerful, and alert, yet
reserved towards strangers. It is considered not only an
excellent companion but a guard dog as well.
Xolo exhibit well in the show ring, obedience and agility
Due to the delicacy of the meat the Xolo almost became arenas, whilst also used worldwide as therapy and assistance
extinct, if not for the Federation Canofila Mexicana (FCM) dogs.
and a group of extraordinary Xolo saviours in the 1950s
the breed possibly would not be here. Early expeditions to
Care
remote villages in Mexico gathered pure breeding copies
Xolos enjoy food, and are well known for the liking to
which has become the foundation stock for the modern chew on veggies and fruit.
day Xoloitzcuintle breed.
During cooler months the Xolo requires a coat, and
during summer a sun coat and/or sun protection can be
The FCM has used the Xoloitzcuintle on its logo since used. Weekly bathing and skin care is advised for the skin
1940, and the Xolo is considered the national treasure of to keep in a clean and blemish free state.
Mexico. In 1956 the FCM initiated a breeding program and
registration base for the Mexican Xoloitzcuintle, a Breed
The breed was developed from natural selection for
Standard was developed from here. In turn the breed thousands of years, rather than alteration of the natural
was recognised by The Federacion Canofila International form by man, and the breed does not appear to have any
(FCI), the governing body for the majority of kennel clubs genetic health issues.
worldwide.
They are wonderful dogs but are not for everyone, they
require a lot of time and strict routines in the early years
The Countess Lascelles de Premio Real was a major
and a lot of socialisation, it is advisable for people to have
contributor to the breed type and the Xolo Standard as it is
home care or a strict activity plan. Feel free to ask lots of
today. Most Xolos have her dogs in their lines today.
questions and please do lots of research on this breed!
• Xolos were among the very first breeds recorded by
Xoloitzcuintle Breed Characteristics
the American Kennel Club (AKC), a Mexican dog named
The gene that produces the absence of hair is dominant,
Mee Too was the first registered Xolo in 1887. Chinito
however some Xolos are born with a coat. Xolos often have
Junior was the breeds only AKC Champion to date.
tusk like canine teeth and sometimes the absence of some
(October 1940)
teeth.
• It is estimated approximately 4000 Xoloitzcuintle
The Xolo is considered a primitive dog in some behaviours
exist worldwide, it is hard to give a registered figure as
and thought to be much closer to their canine roots than
not all our registered with a club. This is expected to rise
any other breed of dog. The Xolo can make a wonderful
with the USA having full showing of the Xolo from January
pet, however puppies need to be well socialised from the
2011, the UK is expected to follow soon ( at present they
early weeks (just like all dogs.) Xolos are credited with an
are in the Import Register Class) Australia has had full
intelligent and fast learning attitude which will require
showing of the Xolo from July 2010.
the owner to earn respect and a utilise a consistent and
• Most purebred dogs have been designed for a
structured routine.
specific purpose; the Xolo was not. It is unique in the
fact that it is a product of natural selection, created
The Xolo comes in two varieties. The hairless Xolo
and molded by environmental adaptation, rather than
and the Coated is a very attractive dog characterised by a
selective breeding.
lack of hair and smooth and soft skin. The Xolo has a well
proportioned body, ample chest, ribs well sprung, with long
Jacqi Dinis
limbs and tail (FCI 234). The coated Xolo is fully coated
Further information can be found at
and with the same harmonious proportions as the hairless
www.xoloworld.com
variety. Xolos are in three sizes:
www.xoloaus.com
• Miniature 25-35cm
www.xoloitzcuintliclubamerica.com
• Intermediate 36-45cm
• Standard 46-60cm (plus 2cm in top quality dogs)
77
Volume 13 November
Lua
owned by Elisa Tapia
and co-owned by myself
Standard
XOLOS
Maya
Tikú
BISS Winner,
Mexican Ch
Panamerican Ch
Swedish Ch
LLP”0” Maya Tikal (Quintero) Mex
owned by myself,
and bred by my mom
Monica Quintero
Maya pictured here with Tikú
LLP”0” Bolontikú (Suedan) Mex
owned and bred by myself
Both are Miniatures
Miniature
Icel Tozani (Suedan) Mex.
bred by myself,
owned by Carina B Svenningson
Tikú
Intermediate
Giovanna
Suedab
78
Volume 13 November
Maya
(C) la Bäckström
XOLOS
79
Volume 13 November
HISTORY OF THE CHINESE CRESTED DOG IN AUSTRALIA
Published in: Chinese Crested Champions 1991 - 2000
& Dog World, January 2007 (Canine Countrol Council, Queensland monthly magazine)
For a complete list of imports, go to http://www.satamu.com All Championship titles are Australian, unless
otherwise stated. (Those in green are linked to a photo of the dog, those in yellow only have the pedigree, those
in white, I could find no link.) By Rhonda Brown SaTaMu Chinese Cresteds [email protected]
The first evidence of Chinese Crested Dogs in Australia
is found in the 1892 Victorian Poultry and Dog Exhibition
catalogue. There were six dogs owned by J Matthews
entered in the exhibition, four were for competition only
and the other two were in a different class where they
were also available for sale. The section in which they were
entered was “any other variety or extra stock”.
J Matthews was asking 100 guineas for each of the two
“Chinese Dogs” he had for sale, an exorbitant price for that
time. It is believed that this high cost was placed on the
dogs because the condition was that animals entered in this
particular class had to be for sale and the owner did not
wish to sell his dogs.
IMPORTS
The next mention of Chinese Crested Dogs was in 1973,
when Mrs Wyn Jackson (Miniatura) from Western Australia
imported two Cresteds from England - Ch Staround Yinga
and Ch Staround Zorro.
Following is the list of Chinese Cresteds imported into
Australia up to 2010 as listed with the ANKC. There have also
been a number of Cresteds imported from New Zealand,
but these dogs originated from Australian Cresteds, the
exception being Longshava Lauralei from England.
All Championship titles are Australian, unless otherwise
stated. (On the site, those in green are linked to a photo
of the dog, those in yellow only have the pedigree, those in
she reached two years of age - an amazing achievement. It
white, I could find no link.)
is unfortunate that the Grand Champion Award was not
CONFORMATION
available to these grand representatives of the breed (due
Australians, in general, have been breeding sound the title being introduced years later). These early Cresteds
Cresteds that are competitive at the higher levels of the began a tradition for the Chinese Crested in Australia, with
conformation ring. There were a number of Chinese the breed regularly taking the full range of In Group and
Cresteds that have won Best In Group and Best In Show In Show awards at conformation shows throughout the
as well as other In Group and In Show awards in the early country.
years, two of which were Ch Eltarin Sugar N Spice and Ch
Talukdar Lily Of The Valley. Special mention should also be
Although it is common in Europe to have dogs that are
made of English import, Ch St Erme Crested Pony, that was titled in a number of countries, due to Australia’s isolation,
awarded Best in Show his first weekend out of quarantine. multi-champions is something that does not occur often.
As more of our Australian Cresteds are exported, there
Another winning crested, Ch Eltarin Lite N Lovely, in are now a number of Australian bred Chinese Cresteds
the late ‘80s, took over 200 In Group and In Show awards, that are titled in more than one country. One of the most
including multiple Best In Groups and Best In Shows, before outstanding has been Xioma Sagebrush, an Australian
National Dog
Dog - -TheTheRingLEADER
RingLEADERWay
Way Breed
BreedFeature
Feature
National
13 November
80 Volume
Volume
13 November
Grand Champion that travelled to New Zealand where he
achieved his New Zealand Silver Champion title prior to
returning to Australian shores.
GRAND CHAMPIONS
There are only a few Australian Chinese Cresteds that
have achieved the conformation title of Grand Champion.
This is a relatively new title, introduced in 1998, where dogs
have to attain 1000 points(only 100 points are required for
title of Champion).
Therefore, there were a number of Cresteds over the years
that missed out on this title. For a complete list of the dogs
that have gained the title of Grand Champion go to http://
www.satamu.com
In 2010 the rules for gaining a Grand Champion title in
Australia have been changed. This title will no longer be
a title for an outstanding example of the breed, but for an
outstanding example at an all breeds level. A dog will still
need to attain 1000 points, but also win at In Group or In
Show level.
OBEDIENCE
To my knowledge, we also have a few Cresteds that have
been doing the breed proud in the obedience field and also
some achieving one or more Agility Titles: See http://www.
satamu.com
PETS AS THERAPY
Chinese Crested Dogs are becoming popular as therapy
dogs. They bond well with their owners and are very aware
when something is not quite ‘right’ with their owner. ‘Pandi’
from New South Wales is the first accredited Chinese
Crested alert dog for Paws for Diabetics, with the number
of Cresteds doing this important work gradually increasing.
CLUBS
Chinese Cresteds were first recognised as a breed and
shown in Australia in 1973. Only the hairless were recognised
at this time, with the powder puff being recognised in 1977
after much campaigning by Aileen Goller(Chmkapow)
from Queensland. Breed clubs are gradually developing
throughout the States of Australia.
Presently there are three Chinese Crested breed clubs
in Australia, Chinese Crested Club of New South Wales,
established in 1994; The Chinese Crested Dog Club of Victoria
Inc, established in 1991; and The Chinese Crested Dog Club
of QLD established in 2006. The clubs in all three States,
currently hold specialty shows each year attracting entries
of up to approximately 80 per show. Often international
speciality judges are invited to judge at these shows.
81
Volume 13 November
RESCUE
Our breed clubs are involved in rescue, with Rescue Officers
prepared to organise pick up, temporary placement and home
relocation. Although our clubs are helpful in this area, many
rescues in Australia are done privately when breeders become
aware of a Crested in need. Responsible breeders in Australia
usually expect their Cresteds to be returned to them if for any
reason the current owners are unable to keep their dogs, thereby
reducing the work for our rescue officers.
.
HEALTH TESTING
Currently a number of breeders in Australia are undertaking
health testing of their breeding dogs for eyes, hips, shoulders,
knees and elbows to reduce the risk of future generations of
Chinese Cresteds being with born with these genetic problems.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy PRA) has been identified as a
problem that may affect the eyes of Chinese Cresteds. A few
years ago there was a DNA marker test developed for one of the
forms of PRA, progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd), which is
found in the breed. There are a few kennels in Australia that have
so far taken the opportunity to carry out this one-off definitive
test, and are using it to advantage in their breeding programmes
to breed healthier Chinese Crested Dogs.
Recently there has also been a DNA marker identified for
Primary Lens Luxation, a painful genetic problem, that effects
some Chinese Cresteds. In June 2010 this marker was made
available in Australia.
CONCLUSION
I have found Chinese Cresteds to be an intelligent and loving
breed of dog that I wish to share my life with for many years.
My hope is that we will always be thoughtful guardians of these
special little dogs. Hopefully the future development of one of
the few hairless breeds in the world will not obliterate the unique
characteristics of the Chinese Crested in the aim for the ‘ideal’
show dog.
All content copyright © 2010 SaTaMu
and reproduced here with permission
82
Volume 13 November
83
Volume 13 November
Clytemnestre du Temple D’Aphrodite
Breeder: Mme. Claire Chagneaud Kennel: Temple d’Aphrodite :
http://templedaphrodite.chiens-de-france.com/
Owner: Carles Toldrà Sifrés, [email protected]
Breeding, in my opinion, requires
great humility, nothing is ever certain in
this field. Incertitude about the future
of a litter, uncertainty about the quality
of unborn babies (in terms of their
future health, their behavioral balance,
conformity to the Standard and the ideal
of the “perfect dog” that can also differ
even within a breed).
The Peruvian dog is also a very sensitive animal that
requires an iron hand in a velvet glove. We must also
find the new owner to suit the profile of the puppy; yet it
is often people confuse Peruuvians with a dog to pamper.
The breeder must therefore inform as accurately as possible
but also discern the true wishes of the future owner.
Psychology should always be present!
We must also be patient, responding to questions and
concerns. in short, I can only conceive breeding as a close
relationship between breeders and future owners. A mutual
trust in which everyone (breeder and owner) must be aware
of their duties.
I understand breeding, in my case, only with a small number
of breeding stock who live in close contact with us. Puppies
should be impregnated with the “human pack” as soon as
possible, socialized, handled...but also protected and reassured
with determination and impeccable health monitoring.
Finally, a policy of trust and mutual selection between
the different breeders should be established. The respect of
everyone’s work and acceptance that his/her dogs are not
necessarily always the best seems a must/prerequisite.
Unfortunately, jealousies and mean things led me to stop
breeding Peruvians. I strongly regret it. Indispensable work of
rigorous selection at genetic level is absolutely essential for the
future of the race.
ClAIre ChAgneAUd
84
Volume 13 November

TSUNAMI - National Dog

Transcription

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