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THE -T IMES OF INDIA
Contact:
SILICA WARE
P. LTD.
54-C Chotani
Published from Bombay, Delhi and Ahmedabad
Est~te,
Proctor
Road, Grant Road, Bombay-7.
Phone 357442.
NO. 111 VOL. CXXXV II
BOMBAY: WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23, 1975
lndo-Pal~
PM hedging o.n ' poli
UE
trade
tall{s hegin
*
40 PAISB
AH
"The Times of India" News Service
NEW DELHI, Aprii 22.
RAD E talks between India and
Pakistan commenccd h ere today. Thc Pakistani delegation is
hcadcd by
Mr. lzh a rul Haque,
chairman of the trading corporation of Pakistan, and the lndi?-n
si de by M r. V mod' l>arekh, chatrman of the state trading cor~ora­
tion.
The Pakistani team made inquiries
regarding items !Ìke coal, tea, jut_e
manu 'actu res, bidi lea ves and enginee ring goods.
It is a long time
since the two countries bave traded
with each other, ant:V the attempt of
the Pakistani delegation
will be to
get up to date on India's latest export capabilities.
It will bave talks '1\ith trading concerm for two days in Delhi, aCter
meeting in New Delhi on Tuesday.-TOI.
which it will visit severa\ industriai
are a~. In particular it will VI 1t a;r.
conditiomng plants and tractor units.
The Pakistani delegation will nmtrn
to Delhi on Tues<lay for a fina! round
of talks.
PTI adds: The ten-member Pak!·
stan i delegation
arrived
bere this
morning.
,
Th meeting between the two trade
"The Times of India" News Senice
delegations is a follow-up of
the
NEW DELHI,
Aprii
22:
The lndo-Pakistani trade agreement signPrime Minister Mrs. Gandhi, in a ed m hlam abad in January this year.
message to the' Cambodian head of
government, Prince
Sihanouk, has
congratulated him on the successful
conclusion o f the Cambodian strugwere stili keeping away from work gle for national ind.ependence, inteas they had not lbeen exempted.
e:ration and neutrality.
A coNn?ed~~a~~~FIC sp~~~s~~n said - The message, which was conveye::d
secondary te::chers in tbe Marathwada to Prince Sihanouk through the Indian embassy in Peking
ye'sterday,
region had also joined the strike. He also wished the people of Cambodia
termed as untrue repo rts in a section su'ccess in their determination to face
of the press that the employees in the the challenge of national reconstrucMaratbwada region
had not joined tion. ·'we
Jook
fo rward
to the
SAIGON, April 22.
the strike.
·
growth of fruitful co-operat!on betNA
L'b
t.
F
t
Monday's talks
were explorato ry, ween our two countries, she added .
N ATIO
L
1 eiaklodn h
ron
both sides stating their stands clearly,
forces today attac e t e two
the spokesman said.
In a similar message, the external main highways to Saig~n l\5 the
A government source said tbe chief affairs minister. Mr.
Chavan, con- government completed 1ts retreat
minister, Mr. s. B. Chavan, had in- gratulated the Cambodian foreign mi- from Xuan Loc on highway I east
formed the strike 1eaders that the gov- nister, Mr. Sarin Chhak, on the sue- of Saigon,
military sources reernment's stand was not rigid, but it cessful conclu~ion of the Cambodian ported.
could not meet the demands made by struggle. Mr. Chavan referred to his
The abandonment of Xuan
Loc
them . No specific offer had been made recent talks wirh Mr. Chhak when after a two-week battle for the ruinto the strike Je?de_rs.
the latter visited India last month and ed city, 64 km from Saigon, gave t~e
DOCKMEN'S
SUPPORT .
expressed the hope
that the
two NLF contro! of their 20th South VIet
countries would continue to co-ope- Namese province.
Meanwhile,
Mr. S. R. Kulkarni, rate in stre11Jlhening the forces of
Meanwhile, the Prov-isi onal Revolupresident of the po werful
ali-India non-alignment, peace and progress.
tion ary Gove rnment said
its fo r~es
port and dock workers' union, pled·
had occu pied Ham Tan, the capitai
ged his support to the government
of Bin province, 56 km farthe_r east,
emp!oyees. He did not think that the
h
but the Sai go n commancl sa1dh t d e
Mabarashtra govemment was justified
in refusing to concede its employees'
•
•
city was ~till in governm011.t an s
demand when Iess prosperous states
des pite tank-lcd NLF attccks agamst
were paying dearness
allo wance at
the airport and other positions.
Centrai government rates.
NLF forccs attacked
government
The University of Bomoay emplopo itions along higllway 4,
yees' union h as directed its members
WASHINGTON,
A ril
22:
road to Sai<•on from the
NEW DELHI, Aprii 22.
HE governent today .chose !be
T
Airbus arnong the wtde-bodted
aircraft for
purchase by
Indian ·
Airlines under its expansion programme.
The cabinet ·is understood to have
approved the puréhase of three Airbus aircraft (A-300-B2) at an approximate cost of Rs. 94 crores.
Airl1us is manufactured by a conof nianufacturers of France,
Holland, West Germany, Britain and
Spain based in Toulouse in France.
It is the first time lA will buy its
requirements outside the· US and Bri"
tain.
~ortium
UNI adds:
The dea! includes
spares, ground
equipment an d other ancillary' machines.
LOW FUEL CONSUMPT!ON
•
The bare cost of the aircraft ts
()n]y Rs. 18 crores eac h . Th ey are
expected to be pressed into service
in 1976-77 by which time the pilots
and other crew would be given special
training.
.ending _fades
By A Staff Reporter
of an early end to
HOPES
employees'
the gov""'nment
...
~
stn'ke, Wh'lCh arose aft er the
talks on Monday night, faded
by the end of Tuesday, with a
rival asso,ciation of t h e employees introducing a note of dissension.
The Maharashtra Rajya Karmachari Samanvay Mahasangh, in a
statement in Bombay on Tuesday,
served an "ultimatum" on the Maharashtra state government employees' confederation, asking to join
the mahasangh in working out a
combined basis
for negotiations
with tbc government.
1f by noon on Wednesday the confederation did not respond, the mahasangh threatened to go it alone. A
confederation source, however, declined to comment on the ultimatum.
State
govcrnment
employees
throughout Maharashtra bave struck
work, demanding dearness allowance
at Centrai
government rates.
The
strike
entered the fourth day on
Tuesday.
The governm~nt had had an alternative piOPc_J~ of pu.rch~sing B?e~~J::..·J ______!.~ll~U..~!MA...n!..A..------cl~t,o
EU
"The Tirnes of India" News Service
Hope of str~ke
PM greets
Sihanouk
HA
Airbus for
India n
Airlines
AH
U
The Indian and Pakistani trade delegations
E
HA
EU
T
•
mQrlnes
bel•ng moved
Il
Weclne.W.:.~
m=r.in.n
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.
reform: opposition
promi~e from Mrs. Gandhi
that the shape of major reforms would
be determined before the present Lok
Sabha session
ends in the second
week of May.
Representativcs of the govemment
and opposition leaQ_ers will meet again
on Aprii 29 to take up "minor" reforms like more liberai
supply of
voters~ Jists to canclidates.
That meeting too will be "exploratory" since Mrs. Gandhi will at
that time be away in Jamaica, The
ubstantive meeting about minor reforms will be held shortly after her
rèturn bere on May 6.
The idea of taking up minor reforms first is iliat they should be implemented in time for the Gujarat
assembly elections.
"The Times of India" News Service extract a
NEW DELHI, Aprii 22.
LEADERS of the opposition
parties in Parliament held
90-minute "exploratory"
a
meeting with Mrs. Indira Gandhi today on the question of
electoral reforms.
The highlights of the meeting,
called by
Mrs. Gandhi, were a
joint memorandum ~y eig~t nonCPI parties embody mg the1r proposals and the failure of the opposition to get any inkling of the
government's mind on reforms.
Tbe official stand as stated by
the law minister, Mr. H. R. Gokhale,
at the meetina was that the government would decide after hearing tbe
opposition points of view.
The ·comments made by the oppositwn
leaders later reflected their
grave doubts about the government's
willingness to accept "substantial reforms". Some of them ~elt that t~e
government was merely mterested .m
engaging them in a protracted dJaiogue.
The opposition
leaders failed to
oads to ,Saigon
under attack
u. S
.
shi ps and aircraft were reported to
i1 ave appeared off the coast of South
Viet Nam, near Nan
Yit
island,
among tbe contested Spratly archipe~ago in the South China Sea.
The PRG today strongly attacked
South Viet Nam's new President, Mr.
Tran Van Huong, calling him a "sel·
ler ot the nation and a btind anticommunist reactiona ry."
In a broadcast monitored in Saigon,
the PRG launcbed its strongest attack yet on M r. Huong, who sueceeded Mr. Nguyen Van
Thieu as
President yesterday.
·
SALIENT FEATURES
As distinct from the government,
the ruling party was represented at
the conference by its deputy leader in
Parliament, Mr. B. V. Raju.
While the .government had already
before it the three-year-old recommendations of
the joint committee of
Par!iament, the Tarkunde committeé
and · the CPI, the eight-party memorandum submitted today by the Cong.
(0) leader, Mr. S. N. Mishra, was
on behalf of ~he CPM, the DMK, the
Jana Sangh, ù1e Cong (0), the Socialist Paa-ty, th.e BLD, the RSP and
the Forward BJoc.
The main features of the eight-party
memorandum are: An experts' comrnittee should be appointed to study
tbe electoral system, as suggestéd by
Parliam ent's ioint committee, tl;l.e gov-.
ernment .bould
give an .assurance
tbat elections will not be postponed
du ring the state of emergency except
during a period of active hostilities;
Pre,ident's rule s.l:tquJd not be extended in a state for more than one
ye1u; age of voting should be reduced to 18; there should be a constitutional prcivision for referendum
on
major natìonal issues;
n,e right ot recau of a Iegisiator
by his electorate should be inscribed
in tl.le constitution;
a
by-e!ection
should mually be held within
six
montohs and in no case Jater than a
year;
The election commission should be
a multi-member body with at lea st
tht:ee members wlno should be appomted on the adv1'ce o( ILe Pr'tme
u
Minister, the leade r or rept·esentatt've
of the oppost' tt'on and the Cht'ef Jttstice of India; ·regional and state elec-
tion commissioners 'should be -appoinh
ed on a permanent basis; :
· The election commission should report to Parliament; a Certral elec..
tion council and state election counci ls should <
be appointed to deal - with
complaints relating to ttie conduct of
election, ; the government, wlleth~r at
the Centre or in states, should .f-l.mc•
tion on a caretaker b-asis f.rom··- the
date of .t he dissolution of Parliament
or a state assembly till tbe compie·
tion of elections;
Polling should be completed in .one
day as far as possible; equal time
should be allocated to the 'recognised
pacties on AIR and television network
an d the poli tic al · parties · should ·be
made accountable for their election
expenses.
Mr. Gokbale told newsmen that ·
since tbe eight-party memorandum wu
submitted only today the government
would need time to study it.
Mr. Gokhale initiated the discus•
sion by listing major issues. They are,
he said: whether the electoral' system needs to be changed into .a wo-portional system or list system, cban•
ges in election Jaws and procedurM
Jike voting age, rigbt to ,t"ecall, dispo•
sal of election petitions, compulS'ory
voting, etc.
,_
Cabinet .discussion on
retirement option ·_
1
"The Times of India" News Service
NEW DELHI,
April
22: The
Union cal:iinet today discussed • the
recommendation of the administrative
reforms comrnission that government
servants should have the option to
retire from service after 15 yeus,
but did not take any decision.
It is re.;orted to have accepted the
ARC suggestion that any
vacancy
should be filled within 30 days in~
stead of 45 days.
.
Commerce exam. dates
By A Staff Reporter
Bombay University has announced
that , tbe First Year Commerce exami ..
nation .will begin on May 5 and the
Jntermediate Commerce examinatio11
on May 14.
Th B C
(
.( om. parts 1 and 2) attd
MCe
'Il· bom .h parts l and 2) examications
Wl
e eld
d according to the schedule
The PRG lermed the formed President as "on lY a war contractor f or
·
Americans wh 0 • over t h e 1ast
tne
.
two years, bave destroyed the Pans
pe ace agree ment .
-------------------------------~-an_n_o_u_n_c_e~~o~n~A:p:r:il~9~·-----------
o! re&Ime viser.
" I hap'pen to think that Mr. K isasking to retai n their posts under his
government, t he Yugoslav news agency singer is an ou tstan ding secretary of
sta tè who h as : m ade a tremend ou s
Tanjug r eported from Peking.
cont ribution to peace," M r. F ord said
l~ the cables, published
today in in a na tionally-te.levised interview last
Peking, the ambassadors ha ve pledg- night.
\
Sibanouk ,
ed allegiance to Prince
The President's public endorsement'
congratulating him on tbe victory of carne as congressional criticism of the
the Khmer Rouge forces .
secretary mounted and demands arose
Mr. Bentsen is not the ònly sena~
tor to oppose Mr. K issio ger.
Tbe
New York Times reported that "loday, péople in the centre and on the
·left increasingly see bim as the last
dinosau r of power politics and as out
of touch witb the mood of the Amer ican people."
It adde<l: " Today, those on tbe
rigbt ' long for a go od power poli ti-
U. S. in a sea
tbe.r sol;:~ti n g
bostility."
So low ba Mr. K issinger fallen in
congres ional .este<em tbat whcn be appeared last week before the bouse in ternation.al
relations committee, he
was su bjected to a bli tering att:1ck
by a me mber, Mr. Emest Hollings,
who said that be would mak:e a far
of state than the prc-
f
Yuva samiti resents
Gong. (0) decision
Acute food shortage
in Da Nang
AHMEDABAD, Aprii
22:
The
yuva sangbarsh samiti, whicb, along
with the lok sangharsh samiti, had
spearheaded thE recent agitation for
early elections in Gujarat, has resented _the decision of the Congress (O)
to make only "local adjustments" with
other non-CPI opposition parties in
the elections instead of putting
up
.. janata candidates."
In a press release, tbe yuva .samiti
said on Tuesday it would hold a demonstration when Mr. Morarji Desai
arrives here on Thursday to attend
the GPCC (O)
working committee
meeting.-U.N.I.
UNITED NATIONS, . Aprii
22:
Da Nang, South Viet Nam's second
food
largest city, has run low on
since its capture by the NLF three
weeks ago and has appealed for United Na tions assistance, a U.N. officiai
says.
"In the comin~ weeks the
food
shortage will reach the danger point
if there is no outside supply," Mr.
Alex Casella 'of tbe office of the U.N,
high commissioner for refugees reported on ,Monday after visiting Da
Nang on Saturday.
He said Da Nang had to introduce
partiai rationing to cope with
its
main problem of infiux of a half
million people, swelling
the
tora1
population to 900,000. Two hundred
tbousand people " are in the process
of being moved back to the
rural
areas from wltere they
originated.
The .rest, who do not belong in Dan
Nang, will be moved and rehabi'litated
progressively/' Mr, Casella said.-A.P.
Sanat Mehta, Chiman
in straight contest
BARODA, Aprii 21:
The former
!abour ministei: · in the Ghansbyam
Oza ministry, Mr. Sanat Mehta, and
tbe former chief minister, Mr. Ohimanbhai Patel, may face each o'tber in
the Pavi-Jetpur assembly constituency
in the June elections,
according to
local Congre5S circles bere.
Observers named
T
lto
1()
fnr
TPrntnn-t.anrlinn-
t" "llnA:;rl"llt.o ~
ln(lia "will stay~'
''The Times of India" News' Service BEe
policy towards countries like
India woulld be ''reduced.''
NEW DELHI, April 2'1.
Mr. Ortoli clarifìed that there was
HE concessions given
by the no intention on tbe part of the EEC
European Economie Commu- to 1extend the Lome convention nity to India after
British entry signed by· the EEC and 46 countries
and the
into the EEC will continue even of Africa, the Caribbean
to Asian
countries like
if Britain decides to withdraw from ·Pacific ·•
India.
the community. ,
This was stated by Mr. Francois
lie
said the EEC was the first
Xavier Ortoli, president of the com- country to give liberalised terms of
mission of the .EE<!:, at a press con- access uhder the generalised scbeme
ference bere today.
of preference. The BEC had improvHe said the .6EC was committed( ed its G~P offer every single year by
to an overall policy of co-operation expanding and simplifying the list of
with developing countries, and India duty free items.
occupied a crucial
position in tbis
A joint communique issued at the
policy. There could ibe no goins back
'on this policy even if the people of end of Mr. Ortoli's visit says the
Union government and the commis·
Britain voted to leave the EEC.
However, he said, there was no de- sion of tP,e EEC will have explo·
nying the fact that the EEC would ratory talks soon on proposals for
not be the same without Britain, and economie and commerciai collaborato tbjs extent the "efficiencyh of the tion in specifì.c fields identifìed during
Mr. Ortofi's
di cussions with tbe
Prime Minister and senior Indian
ministers.
India is keen to set up a pelletisation plant with EEC co-operation
for exporting iron ore pellets, to export coal, and to expand cattlefeed
exports to the. EEC countries.
By MAVIN' KURVE
India also wants imports of wheat
"The Times · of India" News Servic~ and dairy prQ(!ucts from the EEC
to continue by way of aid and comKATHMANDU, Apri! 22 : Econo- merciai sales. Fertilisers and technomists in Nepal hope tha t tbe h arp fall logical inputs for raising
in tbe ra te of inflation in India f rom production are also needed. l" '
30 per cent. t o ·less than 10 per cent.
tbis year will soon be reflected in
~"'"'
Nepal, which has close trade
links
BRUSSIEJLS, Aprii 22: The
·
with India.
pean Economie Community (EEC)
However, the existing trends in bas announced an agreement bere
Nepal suggest a major spurt in the with -India on exchanges in the texcost of living with an already sharp tile sector.
ri e in tbe prices of essential commoWitbojlt going into
details, an
ditiés such as rice, sugar, tea, paper,
bricks, coal, cement and iron
and ''E EC'' spokesman saiQ. that the accord establishes
matket-imposed resteel.
st rictio~ on 1 the import of lndian
While tl;le long term impact may be cotton fabrics under specific econosalutary, the fìrst impact of new in- nùc conditions, reports ANSA.
terest rates announced by the Nepal
The cmnmunity is presently negoRashtra Bank for deposits and loans, tiating similar
agreements for . proappears t o bave strengthened the in- tecting stability of its market with
flationary trends.
Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong.
Theré has been considerable criti- -UNI.
cism in the Nepalese press about the
overnight spurt of 75 per cent. in the
newly-fìxed sugar prices and 58 per
cent. in staple rice prices.
CAiLCUTTA, Aprii 22: India
The manifold increase in the pr ice
of coal impo rted fro m India
has Bangladesh reacbed t:ull accord for
establishing
greater co-ordination bemade bricks more costly. Tbe shortage and higher prices of cement, iron tween the border for ces to check illeand steel good s is hitting the con- gal flow of arms, ammunition and exofficial-level
plosives at a three-day
structioo industry.
conference of the t wo countries held
With rate of interest on all. varie- bere for the second day toda y.
ties of loans to fa rms and industries pegged at a high level, the pace
Both sides appreciated that there
of industrialisa tion
and modern isa- had been a "substantial decline" in
tion of agr.icultu re in the kingdom the i!legal flow of arms across · the
m igbt be adversely affected .
boder since tbe liberation of Bangla·
de h in December, 1971 and stressed
the need for more co-ordin ated activities to hunt out the concealed arms
in tbe bordering region.- UNI.
Yourfilter
cigarette ·
lndias best loved
Why ? Because the filte·~
.
and
tobacco are perfectly matched
Maximwn Price:
Rs. 3.80 for ~o,
Rs. 1.93 for 10
subject to local taxes
HA
EU
AH
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T
Cost of living in
Nepal may spurt
Pact on'
. .. , ··'""
Indo-Bangla accord
on a1·ms check
Piea to revive death penalty in US
AHMEDABAD,
April
22:· The
Gu jarat pradesh Congress committee
HE US governm.ent on Monday
president, Madh~vsinh Solanki, today
appointed . observers for ali the 18
asked the Supreme Court to
c ity and district party units to còn- r estor e ' the death penalty, making
duct their meetings ffom April 27 prisoners liab!e to be
executed
to
E
14,000 bombs s·eized
in Oalcutta raids
the immediate military outlook probably included a communist move to
close ali routes into th e capitai and
active patrolling of Saigon 's hinterland.
'
''The tactics of the
orth Viet
Namese in the last week bave followed a policy of neutralising or·
denying important points to the governmént without going through the
lengthy and costly process of frontal
attack."
Informed observers bere are spectical of any change in the ituation
although one of thé communist.conditions for negotiations bas now been
met by the resignation of Mr. Thieu.
lnterestingly, authoritative administration sources said yesterday tbat
they were smprised at the resignation.
President Ford said in an. interview
yesterday that neither be nor Dr.
Kissinger had brought to bear any
pressure on Mr. Thieu to resign .
"After 1 ali, Thicu was an elected
President. He made bis decision on
bis own," Mr. Ford said.
The President said there was no
problem of getting the Americans out
of South Viet Nam, but if friendly
South Yiet Namese were to be
brought out, congressional authority
was needed and if there was a military confiict or . "displeasure" from
the local people. "t·here would bave
to be a short-term, veFY precise p.s.
military involvement.P
Mr. Ford blamed Congress for not
approving military aid to South Viet
Nam as requested and noted that tbe
"la<;k of suppolJ., had an impact on
the decision tbat• Thieu bas made to
withdra w precipitiously."
Reuter adds:
Mr. Kissin,ger said
that Pre ident
Thieu's resignation
would probably lead to peace negotiations.
He said one
objective of such.
negotiations could bel to " bring about
the most humane ending to the Viet
.•~aro war and attempt to avofa ...
battle for
Saigon, if that can· be
done • . .. "
In an apparent slip of the tongue
during 'bis testirpony. Mr. Kissinger
added to previous hin ts. tbat some
form of discussions was under . way
through otber nations.
Asked if the Soviet Union or China
was involved, be said, ''I do not think
tbat it is app ropriate to discuss how
we are
co[lductir:g the
negotiations .. ... "
But tnen he added he had meant
to say that be did not want to talk
publicly about "the efforts we are
making in the diplomat ic field.' '
Mr. Kissinger's testimony was the
first substantive comment here on Mr.
Thieu's resignation.
A.P. adds : President Ford said last
night the U.S. was exploring with a
numbe:r of governments the possibility
of a negotiated
settlement in Viet
Naro.
Mr. Ford said , "There has not
been an opportunity" fqr the U .S.
to make contact with the new government of South Viet N m about a
peace settlement.
AH
U
T
~E ·C concessio~ns
Continued from Page l Colunm
EU
"Tbe Tùnes of lurlia" News Service become major trading partners in the
near future.
NEW DELHI, April 22.
In this context, he referred to the
proposal made by the commerce miHE visiting South Korean fornister,
Mr. D. P. Chattopadhyaya.
eign minister, Mr. Dong Jo fo r colla:boration in the construction
K im , announced here today that industry in West Asia.
bis country's imports from India
Mr. Chattopadhyaya proposed that
this year would . be doubled from South Korea could depend on the
last year's figure.
supply of cement and other materials
H~ stated that South Korea would and technical personnel from
India
buy sophisticated machinery and pri- and the two countries could profitabmary goods worth $43 million
this ly collaborate in joint
ventures in
ye ar against last year's figure of $21 West Asia. Mr. Kim favourably resmillion.
ponded to tbe proposal.
Among tbc items settled during
Mr. Kim's talks bere for exports to · ,Mr. Kim empbasised the initiative
South Korea are
textile machinery taken by the Sou.th Korean governand equipment, iron ore, pig-iron and ment for the reunification of the two
Koreas. He tbought peace and secumarine salt.
Mr. Kim, who was
speaking to rity in that region would depend a
newsmen informally1 indicated that his great deal on achieving an atmosphere
~alks with Indian leaders were en- which would allow peaceful coexiscouraging and tbe two countries could tence between the two Koreas. .R e
alleged there were increasing threats
from the north.
In reply to a question, ,Mr. Kim
asserted there should be no miscalculation about the
vaUdity of the
American commitment to the secu.rity of South Korea. In tbe ultimate
CALCUTTA, Aprii 22: The police
analysis, bowever, South Korea deand a
seized about 14,000 bombs
buge quantity of bomb-making mate- pended on self-reliance, he added .
Mr. Kim explaioed tbat bis govria! and explosives in 's urprise raids
ernment would strive to achieve norat two places in Howrah and Calmalisation of relations
with No rth
cutta today, according to the de'puty
basis and
c·ornmissioner of police (detective), Mr. Korea on a step-by-step
would not give up tbe dialogue.
B. B. Chakrabarty.
. He pointed out that the Ko rean
He said the raids were conducted
problem was a human
problem as
on the basis of certain information
there were ten million people separatprovided by an arrested person. Two
ed from their families on both sides.
people were arrested
in connection
M r. ' Kim thought South Korea was
witb the seizures.
A large quantity of ' contraband being unfairly singled out for: having
American troops. It was, be continu_goods, including transistors, cameras ed, a matter which concerncd the doand gramophones were also seized, mestic policy of South Korea.
he added.-U.N.I.
\
HA
India.'s expòrts to
S. l(o rea to douhle
Ford's ·bid for peace
In Viet Nam
ap pealed to the British foreign se.cretary, Mr. J ame Callagban, to (ry
and persuade India to conduct a
'fresh
referend um on bis country's
future.
Prinèe
Wangchuk, a 22-year-old
student of business management bere,
made bis appeal to Mr. Callaghan
in a letter deliv~red by the Liberai
leader Mr. Jeremy Thorpe.
forme r top offi cial of the
Centrai
Intelligence Agency h as confi nped that
CIA chiefs had planned to assassinate the Cuban Prime Minister, Dr.
Fide! Castr o _du rin~
the Kenned v
Wheat zones order
challenged
ha challen ged his detention
und er
tbe conservation of foreign exchange
CHANDJJGARH, Aprii 22:
diviand prevention of smuggling activitres
act, 1924, in the Delh i high sion bench of tbe Punjab and Haryana high court today issued n otices
court.
.,_,....
"'-Ll T-!--· · -- --... ---'- _....._,
HERE ARE, TEN OTHERS '
5. THE OUIET. FÒ~ the times
when you want to be alone.
?eek salace i.n books. ~oze
tn a deckcha1r. Snooze 1n the
sum Just do your own thing .
teaves Bombay 'for .,t his
tun-filled cruise of 25 .day$~ ..
1. THE AIR. There' s nothing
1 O. THE SIGHTS. t o be ,...-->e
quTte as bracing as' a lungful
.
1
of fresh air at se·a. w ith that
seen to b~ beheved. The ·
flamboyant sunsets of fast •·
delic'ìous thng of salt spray. '
An d when th ir)gs get ho t , you 6.THE KIDS.A fully-equipped Africa. lts colourful bazaars.t
The glory of Goa. And sun• 'à
are totally relaxed in the cool nursery where the tots·
can play around happily.
drenched Mau rit ius. Walk oh
indoors-the entire·ship is'
Books. Games. Toys.
its whité-gold ·beaches .1
air-conditioned.
·
fringed by g raceful
...,;
2. THE FOOD. Oelectable
7 . TH~. SHOPPING. Care- '
casuarioas . . rin k in its 1usb"l!.- ,~~-
r
__/
••. for that
unforgettable
stay
-choose
.,
HOTEL ZUARI!
:Mrs. Gandhi will arrive here
f.pmorrow evenlng after
vlsiting
rour scarcity relief works in Jamn~ar, Rajkot Surendranagar and
:Ahlnedabad districts and addressfng publie meetings at two ot
the,se works. After ber arrivai she
will address a meeting or Congress
tworkers.
Mr. Desal, whose indefinite fast
m Delhi . made the Government to
a4vance elections to the Assembly
m Gujarat ls ·reaching bere tomor-
row morning from Bombay by
tJ'a.!n to explore posstbility ot nonCÌPI opposition giving united tlght
to the Congress in the elections
being held after three years.
The Gujarat Lok Sangharsh SatnJti, tormed on the lines o! the
National Coordination . Committee,
t odaY set up a 7-member suh committee to to discuss with Mr.
Desal and other national opposition
lett'lers the poll strategy to defeat
Congress which swept the 1972
e1ections securing 140 out of 16~
seats ·In the assemblY.
UE
·Sikkim Bill
Respe.ct people's
: wishes, PM
·tells Chogyal
NEW DELHI, Aprii 23-Prime
Min!ster Indira Gandhi is understoGd to have urged upon the
Ohogyal of Sikkim to take "a
realistic attitude" and respect
the wishes of the Sikkimese peopie.
· It is
believed that
Mrs.
Gandhi's letter reiterated ' India's "goodwill" in rega:rd
to
the future of the Ohogyal and
bis family notwithstanding his
recent activities.
The· Prime Minlster's letter to
the Ohogyal, sent yesterday, wa.s
in response to the recent mess-·
ages received by her from the
Ohogyal.
"It is a new State of Sikkim
which is taking birth under the
amendment" with the institution of Chogyal abolished, and
the Himalayan area. becoming
"as important
and equal" a
State of the Union as Uttar
Pradesh, Andhra or Meghalaya,"
declared. External Affairs Minister Y. B. Chava.n, who piloted
, the Bill.
The House created history today when it gave brisk passage
in a single day for one more
ConstitutiQn Amendment Bill, to
provide a · Legislative Assembly
and a Oouncil of Minisers to
the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh. The Sikkim · Bill
· was given- pride of place in the
1ist of legislative business for
the day.
Members from all sides, barring the OPI-M, welcomed the
integration of Sikkim · as a constituent unit of the Union, noting that the Bill which becomes
the thirtysixth amendment of
the Oonstitution, has ·come in
response to the democratic urges
and wishes of the people o!
Sikkim.
While there was unanimous
support, including
from the
OPI-M for abolishing the "anachronistic" institution of Ohogyal some of
the
members
were criticai of the special pÒwers sought to be given to the
Governor.
About the future of the Ohogyal, Mr. Ohava.n said that the
Prime Mi.nister had recently received letters from him. Mrs.
Gandhi had 'told the Ohogyal
that he should co-operate with
democratic forces. If he did ·so
· be and his fàmily's welfare would
certainly be taken care of.
.
Mr. Ohavà.n also sàid that when
the next Lok . Sabha elections
were held, Sikkim's representa.ti~ · to the House- ~ would. be
chosen by the people directly.
Referring to the criticism by
some members of· the provision
;,.._t.hCL.BilL.to confer on
S. Vietnam move to save
EEC cbief
arr1ves
Mundcar Bill
MLAs wèlcome
select pane) report
Row over Govt.
· iuitifica tion-
= o•.._._ __; _______,..___
Saig~n
Depression bombS
to cripple NLF
A military source sald today that
·South Vietnamese Air Force C-I30s
·had - started dropp!ng the new
bombs in a b!d to save Saigon.
· The "depression" bombs as they
are eaued, suck up oxygen over a
radius of 250 meters !or long
enough to kill all human me.
. Military reports eited by the
souree spoke ot "hundreds. and
Mr. Francois Xavier Ortoll
perhaps thousands of enemy corpses" seen spread over~ zones of
several hectares between Xuan Loe
and Bien Hoa.
The bodles bore no wounds, ac·
•
cording to the reports. The dead
troops had their mouths wide open.
PANJIM, April 23-Mr. FranManY dled clutehing their throats
cois Xavier Ortoli, President of .as though gasping !or breath, the
the Executive Oommission o! the reports sald.
The depresslon bombs were apEuropean Economie Community
parentiy first used on Monday, at
arrived in Goa bY air today on
a time when heavY adverse pres·
a three-tday visit. Mr. Ortoll is
sure had cut off units ot the 18th
accompanied by Madame ortoli,
divisfon at Xuan Loc aUer retreat
Dr. Manfred Gaspart, Deputy:
by the bulk of the division westDirector-Generai of Exte
ward to Bien Hoa.
(Contd. on Page 6, Col.
Contd. on Page 6, Col, 5)
Five C-130 Hercules transport
planes attacked NLF torees engaged In the Xuan Loc sector
Each ot the big planes dropped
24 depression bombs. ·
The new-style bombing was 'being
cited In military circles today as
an explanatfon !or the sudden calm
whlch settled on Saigon area battlefields on ::Monday and persisted
yesterday.
The bombs, reportediy flrst used
In Cambodia In February,are deadller than prevlous models ìbecause
or their asphy-xlatlon effect Earller types possessed :Just a fragmentation mechanlsm.
By A Staff Repor~er
:An the same NLF torces, movlng
quickly down · tlie centrai coast of
PANJIM, Aprii . 23-TheSelect Committee's Report
South Vietnam, captured another
provlnce capitai late last night, the
on Mundcar Bill was generally welcomed by members
Salgon Command sald.
of both sides of the House in the Goa Assembly today.
Overrun was Ham Tan, capitai
But Mr. A. N. Naik, leader
of Bfnth Tuy province 120 km east
of the UG Opposltion group,
or Salgon. It was the 20th south
. sounded a. note of warning that
Vietnam'• 44 province c.apitals tost
thére were loopholes 1n the Bill
sinee th'! NLF began tts oftensive
which are likely to be exploited
in eariy March,_..AFP & :AP
by Bhatkars to the detriment of
Mundcars.
·
D
B.Y A StaJI Reporter
he said. For instance certain powers had been given to the Governor in regard to Naga.land.
The special powers of Governor in regard to Sikkim were
to be exercised under the · directive of the resident. As a Oonstitutional Mea,
the President
acted on the advice of the Oouncil of Ministers who, in turo
were responsible to the House,
Mr. Ohavan said.
The Ministes replied to points
raised by members and the Deputy Speaker, Mr. G. G. Swell,
as to whether the wishes of
the people of Sikkim to end the
lnstitution of Chogyal had been
taken care o! in the Bill, as it
did not specifically repeal the
Government o! Sikkim Act.
Mr. Oha'9an said they were
not dea.ling with a normal situation. "A very important polltical development has taken
PANJIM. GOA.
SAIGON, Aprii 23-South Vietnam has started using
ultralethal asphyxiation bombs in a bid to slow the advance of National Liberation Front forces.
NEW DELHI, Aprii 23-The Lok Sabha today passed aniidst thunderous ch'eers the Constitution Amendment Bill to welcome Sikkim into the
family.of Indian States. The vote was 299 in favour and 11 against.
GPCC(O) President Babubhaf
<ra.shbal Patel elarlfied at tlie
The Prime Minister is also bez!leeting that hls party had not yet ·
lieved to have conveyed to the
decided on the election strategy.
Ohogyal that
Government of
:rana Sangh State Unit Secretary
India had no choice but to reVasant Gajendragadkar, however,
spond to the aspirations of the
welcomed the Congress (0) stand
people as embodied in the Sikand said if the "one party, one
kim Assembly · resolution
of
symbol" formula could not be
Aprii 10 which was overwhelmadopted
lmmediately, there was
ingly endorsed in the special
nothing wrong to force "adjustpoli of Aprii. 14
m.ents" as the flrst step in this
direction.
Meanwhile Mr. B. B. Lal, Ohief
Executive Officer in Sikkim toBharatiya. Lok Dal Generai Seday said there was no immediate
cretary Piloo Mody, MP, !elt that
possibllity .of Ohogyal's ' meeting
the Congress (0) wanted to "exwith the Prime Minister Indira
t>loit" the situation for its individuai Gandhi. The Ohogya1, Mr. Lal
gains and !eared that it the party
con:flrmed,
had been making
reslsted the "one party, one
such a request for some tirile.
symbol" formula, Congress would
be the ultimate beneficiary.-PTI
To a question on the reported
& UNI
demand for a fresh referendum
made by the Ohogyal's second son
to the British Secreta.ry of State,
Mr. Oalllngham, Mr. Lal said
the last referendum had been
held in accordance with the der.t.sion oLthe Sikkim
enìbly·
~utv
BLD chief against
AH
Apri! 23-The
Oò~gress and the opposition parties
~ Gujarat will step up their elec&neering activities for the June
:Assembly poli trom tomorrow
when Prime :Minister Indira. Gandhl
and the Congress (0) leader ::Mr,
Morarji Desai will be bere.
:·Lok Sabha passes
HA
EU
~ABAD,
Gram: . "N'AVHIND"
Price: 30 Paise
PANJIM, THURSDAY, APRlL 24, 1975
Vol. XIII, No. ,64
E
PM, Morarji
•
•
arr1ve
In
Gujarat ·today
!:<'OR QUICK AND REL.
.LE
SERVICE OF YOUR FUEL IN.-~..,..,.oN
PUMP OONTACT:
VERNENCAR & FILHOS
l
AH
U
••• superb cuisine •••
. try us for service too!
EU
YASCO DA GAMA
TBE FIBST ENGLISB DAIL'f TO BE l'UBLISBED FROM GOA
Telephone: 2081 & 2082
HA
Phone 406, 811 & 812
REGD. No. GOAo3
Porto gal goes
to poJis OD
Friday
LISBON,· Aprii 23-Bix million
voters go to the polls here on
Friday in Portugal's first democratic election in half a century.
Th
ey will be choosing the 250
members o! a Oonstituent Assembly from candidates fielded
by 12 parties.
These election come a year
after the Army coup
which
toppled. the inheritors
o! the
dict atorial Salazar regime.
Elect<_>ral lists contain 6,172,437
voters m metropolitan Portugal
t~e Azores and Madeira.. They
will elect 235 deputies for the
mainland, six each for , Azores
and Madeira.
The remaining three members
will be elected by the many
Portuguese emigrant workers
and voters living in Mozambique and Macau.
Of the 1.5 million Portuguese
who have emigrated to Western
Europe and the United States
only 21,934 have registered· to
vote. But only those who had
quit Portugal in the last five
years could cast ballots.
A spokesmah of the rullng
Armed Forces . Movement said
that ~lank votes will be counted
a~ vahd as votes cast for the can~1dates of the 12 parties contestmg the poll.
Earlier this month the MFA
Ieadership urged all Portuguese
to turn out to tak:e part 'in the
elections and to cast blank votes
if they felt unable to choose
clearly between what the di1Ierent parties stood for. Such a
...__ t__ .J:.._,.__,._ __..!_'!~~!·~~tS~-..._.s::f~!;! . o! vo~!!,,;o~~~ _fe con-
Russia agrees to
launch· second
lndian satellite
MOSCOW, Aprii 23-The Soviet
Union today agreed to launch a
second Indian satellite bY means
of a Soviet carrier soon even as
the first satellite "Arpabhat" readied itselt for major. experimentl!l
In outerspace.
The agreement was signed for
India by Prof. S. Dhawan, Chairman of the Indian Space Resea:rcn
Organisation, with Mstislav Kel·
dysh, head of the USSR Acaderoy
or Sciences, before the Indian
sclentistflew home today.
Dr. Dhawan who was bere for
the Iauching of "Aryabhat" on
Saturday told Indian èorrespond•
ents that scientific programma of
the ·next satellite would be decidel1
jointly with the Soviet sclentl$ts.
The date tor tht seeond Iaunclifng was not fmmedlately known
but apparently it would
follow
closely the completion of work by
lhe fl.rst Sputnik whose operational
lite expectancy is six months. These
launchlng will be !ndependent ot
Indla.'s programma of developing
fts own launchers by 1980 and to
r>ossess a eommunication satellite
too of i!s own.
The Soviet Unlon bas also agreed
(Contd. on Page 6, Col. 4)'
Bid to assassinate
Pak .opp. leader
NEW DELHI, Aprii 23-Mati•
lana Mufti Mahmud, Acting Leader of the Opposition in the Pakistan National Assembly escaped unh~rt when
unidentified
gunmen fired at bis car at Suiawal, 120 km east of Karachi today.
A hatchet hurled by the attackers smashed the window of
his car. His colleague, who was
travelling in another vehicle, was
hit by a bullet and taken
to
hospital.
Maulana Mahmud alleged that
the attempt on bis Iife was planned '!>Y member of the ruling Pakistani People's Par.t y.-UNI.
Maharashtra ·CM's
talks on border
· . . · ANNTVERSARY ·OF.... ,\.,.
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l DRY DAY · TODAY §
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Cashew Fenny
o
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•
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Siolim lift Correia ·
shield .
Govt. Printing
Press soccer
PANJIM,
Aprii
23-Printing
Section defeated Compos4'tg . Sec- .
tion by 4-2 · in the Government '
Printing Press Inter-Section Foot·
bali tournament · for the Silvio
Soares · Rolling Trophy, bere today,
Adm.iliistrative
Section
wiU
meet Binding Section ·o~ Friday.
.O·
Palm Fenny
o
o
o
o
o
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oo ·
o·
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TSUq.\KJ4 INOUSTRIES
· • VERNA· ,. GOA.
....,. ,...
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oo
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tooooooooooooooooooooooooÒo~ooooooooooooè~ooo:
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EL
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l
N ew office-bearers
PANJIM, April ' 23-The gene·
Shooting
.;ral body of the Goa
Association held at Lyceum bere
recently, Following office-bearers
were elected for 1975-76: J oh o
X. Abreu, President; Gopalktishna
D. Padgaonkar, Generai
Secre·
tary; Vianney
Valadares,
and
Peter Femandes, Joint Secretary;
and
Anicetto
P.
Fernandes
Treasurer.
UE
f:
AH
o
;
Russia agrees to Iaunch
second satellite
Pele .con(ìrms 'offer'
SAO PAULO; 237'Pele, th~ retired king of soccer, confirmed he
wa:s otrered , 4.5 million dollars to .
play in the United States. He said
he will give bis answer soon, after
consultlng hfs family.
Pele; 34 returned from a monthfong world tour, and safd he· had
. been otfered 4. 5 mlllion dollat:s to
sign a two-season contract with
the New York Cosmos of the North
American 's ocçer League.
"I thfnk it is a very interestfng
otrer, "Pele said upon bis arrivai.
"However, I asked for time to
thfnk, because I will have to confer with mY wife betore gfvlng my
flnal answer." Hls wife had a great
lnfluence .on his decision to retired
last year.
PeJe · retlred from soccer last
October 4 after a J:>rilliant 18-year
career.-'AP
arrives
(Contd. From Page 1 CoL 5)
Relations, .Mr. Phillippe De
Margerie, Chief . De Cabinet o!
the President of the Commission
of European Communities, Dr.
David Hanpay, Chief. De Cabinet of Vice-President and Commissionar in charge of Extemal
:Relations; Mr. Mitchel Drury
, .Directorate-General of Extemal
Relations, · Mr. K. B. L!ill, Indian Ambassador to the European Economie Commission, Mrs.
·K. B. Lall 'a nd Mr: Madan · Gopal, Protocol omcer.
Mr. Ortoli and other members of · the delegation were received at Dabolim Airport on
behalf . o! the ·ooa Govemment
by Mr. Pratapsingh Rane, Minister for Law, Mrs. · Rane. :Mr.
·V. M. Salgaonkar, 'M r., Pra't ·-.a.-kar Angley, Vice-President of
the Goa Ohamber o!' Commerce,
and omcials of the Goa Govern·ment. - ·
·
· While in Goa. Mr. :·ortoll and
· the members of his delegation
will visit places of tourist interest and some industriai ' establishments. The Lt. Govemor
' and Mrs. Gauri Banerji wlll
·host a dinner tomorrow evening
in honour of Mr. and Mrs. Ortoli at Cabo Raj Nivas.
'
BAFF tourney
Today's Sports
CHORAO:
Visnu
Sadashi"
Homkhandi
Memoria{
Rolling
,Trophy. Bicholim Youth Club
'Vs. Pomburpa XI,
at
Saude
grounds, at 4.30 p.m.
BICHOLIM, Aprii 23-Bichotim Association of Football Fans
(BAFF) will hold its
football
tournament from M.ay l at Bicholim football ground. Entrie~
m.ay be sent to the Seçretary of
BAJIF, h ere before ·A-prii 26.
:/·
l.
HA
EU
'l
S
•
aJly the Executive om<:er goes
and Sikkim becomes a normal
State, with a. norma! legislature,
a norma! Governor, normal
Council o! Mintsters and norma!
High Court."
Re!erring to t~e critictsm o!
the Bill by the CPI-M spokesman, Mr. Chavan said, "it ~eems
we are always at different wavelengths."
While the member was worried about intemational opinion,
"we are worried about what the
people of Sikkim want. I do not
know what sort of international
opinion he 1s wòrried a.bout."
Referring to the Chogyal, Mr.
Chavan said "we were trying to
to evolve some sort o! reconci-,
llation" between the
Chogyal
and the people, but it did not
succeed. He was an anachronistic feudal head. When he was
made a. constitutional head, not
only did he not accept the position, but he tried to subvert
the entire Constitution.
About the future o! the Chogyal, Mr. Chavan said: "it depends .on him. Natura.Uy we
would be interested in hts individuai welfare and his family's
welfare, as we would be interested in the welfa.r e of any olther
citizen of India. There was no
question of dealing with him
as C o yal.-PTI.
E
o
o
o
o
•
HA
o
o
o
~
•
COIMBATORE:
Kerala State
Polfce, Cannanore, prevailed upon
the Mysore Distrfct Football As~
(Contd from l»~e t CoL 8)
socfatfon by a solitary second halt
goal in a tlrst round· mateh . in · to let India carry out experiments
~he Nanjappa Memorlal Ali Ind.fa
with its orbital communication
Football Tournament here today.
ntellite over Indlan Ocean bY
Lett-wlnger Vijayan was the scorer. means ot ground facilities India
has built for lipk up with Intelsa.t
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI: The .q unext year.
arter-tlnals replay betwten Punjab
Police, Jullunder, and Eastern · SRUUiU;KOTA: Meanwhile AryaR,ailway, Calcutta.. fn the · Dr.
bhata, spinnlng round the Earth,
. Mathuram Football Tournament • today sucessfully carried out test
: here yesterday, ended in a goalcommands given for tbe tlrst Urne
lesa draw,
by the Sriharikota Tracking Station (SlfÀR),
Another match between MEG,
Bangalo!'e· and Reserve l3ank, Mad.
Two commands were alternately
ras, also ended fn a draw with
given durfng 'the 13-minute fUght
both sides scoring one goal each.
ot the satellite over the tracking
-UNI
lltation from around 1340 hours.
' Aryabhata was on its 6lst orbit
and was passing over SHAR tor
1he 19th time since it was launched
from a Soviet Cosmodrome on
·Saturday: According to the scientists, the
commands given today "were
through''. The satellite could take
~6 commands-f.e.' it cot,1ld perform
23-Football
MOIRA, Aprii
Club of Siolim lifted . the Correia
36 functions. The commands were
successfully carried out and thls
Memoria! Rolling Shei!d defeat·
ing Sa!igao Sporting Club by a
eould be guaged from .the display
so!itary goal scored by Franco,
receiveil troni the . satellite within
in the finals of the Inter-Village
30 seconds of tbeir being giv~n.
Football Toumament play~d · at
Dr. Y. J. Rao, Project Enginee
·Moira grounds on Sundày last.
In charge, said all the !'lystems on
board the satellite and the tracking
lltatlon were working
"perfectly
aU right". He did not see any
problem. The satellite transmitting
system was "pertorming so well"
'that "we get ver very strong signals
'rrom "it'', he said.-PTI
AH
U
.
ment (of the langu.age.
EU
:·otooooootooeooooooooooooooooooooooo.ooooooooooood
·:o
..
tlve goals to four via tie brei!Jter
~ .the replay todaY. P and T will
mett ITI Senfors, also of l3angalore,
in the semifinal tomorrow.
Printed and Published
&
Proprietors, NAVHIND
PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. by
VILAS V. SARDESSAJ
at · THB
NAVHIND ·TrMES PRESS,
Dempo
House, Panjim. Editor: · K. S. K.
MENON. Bombay Office: Rahim·
toola House Homji Street, Fort
Bombay. Telephone 268654.
·~
(•.
. ·t
OJEI7,00,U00
VsBI
rJ.Rs··BOUGirtusr
JED!
. . .
-
,.
'
~
Proof,
,that people tmsf tlle
mmo_name.
To tbem if _means: \
...
l. Quality that is consistently ~ig6\
.2. High breeze, less power consumption
3~ Outstanding performance, trouble-free servict
4. Elegant styling, aHractive look
~ s.·W:ide range, prices to suit their budgef
.Jlny wouder that Usha Fans ou.tsell aU others?
Better hÌlf
'I!IBlD you Caa't llay better.
.
'
'
THE--HINDU
ENGINEERS' CUTTING TOOLS
~NEWS
;k, a
b
A Draft Bill to provide for iPtegration of the Himalavan territo ry
into India as ihe 22nd State in
accordance with the wishes of the
people of the ar-ea was auproved
by the Union Cabinet to-day.
The Bill w11l be introduced in
Lok Sabha on 1\IIonday.
Under the Bill. Sikkim wiH h=we
a Governor, Council of lVIinisters
and Legidative Assembly ()n the
same pattern as other States.
The existing court ill Sikkim
wili become the High Court and
appeals from it vill lie in the
Supreme Court.
T~e lVIinister
of Parliamentary
Affa1rs, ~r. K. Ra.ghuramaiah, announcect m_ the Lok Sabha to-day
t.hat the. Bill ~ould be taken up
for . cons1derat10n an d passin_g on
Apnl 23.
The Bill is believed to provide
far the continuance of tl~e 3?member Assembly elected Jast
year as th~ n!'lw, Sikkim Assembly
and fo_r: S1kk1m s
representation
to Parllament.
.
It ~·il ~e introduced as the 3Sth
ConstltutiOn amendment B1'JlPTI.
··
·10 Naga Hostiles
~surrender
KOHIMA, Aprii l8.
. Ten underground Nagas, includmg a "sergeant" and two "corporals" of the armed wing bave
surrendered to the security forces
at a piace near Charachandpur in
~anipur Stat-e with a larE"e quantlty of arms and ammunition yesterday, according to an official re·
port reac;hing bere to-day.
The report said two 303 rifles .
two single barre! and two double
barre! guns, 240 detonators :md
about 600 rounds of ammunition
were surr.endered among others.
-UNI.
Maharashtra
Staff on Strike
BOMBA Y, Aprii 15.
The sec0nd indefinite strike in
five yea.rs by Maharashtra Govern ment employees began to-day with
essential services workers
respor:ding to the call at the · stroke
of midnight.
In Bombay, workers and nurses
Qf Governmeat hospitals. employe
of Worli and Aarev dairies
and the Gove:nment Centrai Press
struck work in response to a cali
given jointly by the Maharashtra
S. t
Gov rn
nt
- m.nlovA<><:' Con-
o
Mujibur Rahman in between !Ile
prolonged talks he had during the
past three days.
NEW DELHI, April 18.
Talks began on Wednesday last
The Farakka barrage will release waters to with a new strategy to break th!
deadlock over sharing the waters
the Calcutta Port on a trial basis from April 21 · -to approach the problem by ~wo
stages. The
strategy instanlly
under a partial accord reached by India and Bang.. paid off.
A long-term solution is ~till
ladesh over the question of sharing the Ganga however,
proving difficult becaus~
waters.
of various technical reasons. lt
primarily concerns augmentatiun
The statement says that joint of water at Farakka by divertmg
Under the agreement India
will daily draw 11,000 cusecs teams consisting of experts of the some of the excess water from
two Governments shall observe at other ,r ivers into the Ganga.
of water in the last 10 appropriate
in both the
days of the current month. countries the places
effects of the agreed
The withdrawal would be 12,000 withdrawals at Farakka in Bancusecs in the first 10 days of May, gladesh and on the Hooghly river
15.000 cusecs in the following for the benefit of Calcutta Port.
10 days and 16,000 cusecs in the Under the agreement a joint team
last 10 days An official statement would also be stationed at · F'arakka
issued simultaneously at N e w to record the discharges into the
feeder canal and the -remammg
Delhi and Dacca said the re- flows
for Bangladesh. The teams
maining flow of the Ganga would would submit their reports to both
FROM OUR SPECJAL
be utilised by Bangladesh.
the Governments for consideration.
CORRESPONDENT
lt was made clear by the Indian
Mr. Jagjivan Ram, Union Minis·
delegation
that
discussions
regardNEW
DELHI. Aprii 18.
ter for Agricultu:r:e . an d Irrigation, ing •a llocation
of fair
weather ' It is not the Government's poas leader of the lndian delegation, flows of the Ganga
·the licy to deny the credit requiretook the leading role in bringing lean months in terms ofduring
Prime ments of ''genuine productive enabout the understanding. The Ban- Ministers' declaration of the
May
1974
of
large
industriai
gladesh Minìster for Flood Contro! would continue but at the same deavours"
houses merely
on the ground
and Water Resources, Mr. Abdur time,
was essential to run tbe that they hapl)en to be large
Rab Sernibat, who led bis coun- feederit canal
Farakka bar- houses. Mr.
C. Subramaniam,
try's delegation, also expressed his rage during ofthethe current
lean Vnion Finance Minister, told the
full satisfaction over the accord. period.
Lok Sabha to-day.
The official statement issued at
UNI and PTI report:
"So long as this is the position",
the end of the eventful talks leactUnion
Agriculture and he said, "banks cannot block the
ing to what is obviously •a ''sl10rt I The
· ·
· ·
flow of credit to such ventures
term" agreement spells out its rngat10n
Mm1ster, Mr. Jagjivan without affecting the production
salient features and there is no Ram, who succ.essfully negotiated requirements, modernisation pln.ns,
doubt that this is an achievement the agreement with his Bangla- etc. of majo.r industries which
which would -further strengthen desh counterpart, Mr. Abdur Rab may in turn affect overall econothe bonds of friendship between Sernibat, told newsmen on his ar- mie .• targets-some in
crucial
the two countries. At one stage, rival at New Delhi from Dacca
that
the
agreement
would
further
areas.
What
we
shottld
do
in
this
it looked as if an agreement on
regard is to keep a careful watch
the commissioning of the Farakka C·ement . the friendship between 011
the end use of credit by these
barrage would take severa! months the two countries.
"I am happy to announce that hou ses."
more to reacl:J, but the persuasive
The Finance Minister said this
eloquence
of Mr. Jagjivan Ram an agreement has been signad
the statesmanship between the two countries". Mr. ~n a writteh statement in. reply
coupled with
Jagjivan
R"
m,
told
newsmen
pllor
to
the earlier debate on the reshowed by the Bangladesh President, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and to his d-2parture for Calcutta en port of the Banking Commission
his colleagues cut short the agony. route to Delhi at the conclusion of and on the working of the natiobis three-day visit to Bangladesh. nalised banks on August 14, I!-l74.
Mr. J agjivan Ram, whose depar- The debate lasted for over fcmr
ture was delayed by three-and-a· hours but the reply gLven by the
half hours tx)cause of continued former Finance Minister, Mr. Y. B.
talks by both sides to sort out a • Chavan, could not be completed
The Rs. 130-crore Farakka pro· mutually acceptable solution, left on that day. For varlous reasons
ject which is mainly intended to by a Bangladesh Biman flight for the subject could not be taken up
during the remaining p:,rt of the
save the Calcutta Port from silt- Calcutta.
ing has tak<:n over 14 lO'lg years
He thanked the Bangladesh Pre- session or during the wintc r ~esto complete and during thJ.S sident Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, sion. MI-. Subramaniam was, tnereperJOd, severa! rounds of talks Flood Contro! and Water Resour- fore, making the statemcnt tu-day
were held on this issue, evoking ces Minister Abdur Rab Sernibat in continuation of the reply given
s _p
:!::..:
re::d:..:e:..:c:.:e::s:;:.;
so:;.:r;.:..___
~n , o~~~i<:~s
bitt~r. cont~o~~y, and the e:xpe!ts who had helped -=b~y-=h:.:.i;;.
From Our Special Correspondent
E
NEW DELHI, Aprii 18
will be a full-fledaed
AH
U
Sikkim
s~~ ~ fuili~
Air Surcharge 15 P.
Joint Teams to be
Stofìioned
~tatistical
information on various aspects of banking operations,
particularly because we have ourselves been very keen to know the
some members that lhe larger in- extent of progress."
dustri;tl h ouses continued lo ge t
a f<,voured treatment from the RECOVERY OF F ARM
banks even after nationalisation,
pointcd out that the proportion ADVANCES
of aggregate advances
made to
Replying to criticisms about the
larger industriai houses had acposition r~lating
tually come down since nationa- unsa tisfactory
to
recovery
of agricultural adlisation.
He said the 75 large
houses accounted for 24 oer cent vances, Mr. Subramaniam said,
of the aggregate advances of the "the recovery position on a parti14 banks in July 19G9 but it dec- cular date does not indicate tbe
lin ed to 15.2 per ccnt by the extent of bad or doubtful debts.
position of
end of December 1973. '' ln other lt only shows the
words". the Ministcr ~aid, ''bor- overdues and serves as an index
rowers other than
the large ot the quality ot lending. With
houses are getting ~n increas· the gaining of more experience
ingly large proportion of the in- in agricultural lending, the quality of lending and consequently
crementa! credit."
recovery performance is imporving."
ELABORATE STATISTICAL
Mr. Subramaniam regretted tllat
some of the members "even went
to the extent of charging us with
a deliberate attempt to hide the
true state of affairs in banks frnm
Parliament and the People." Emphatically denying this charge he
told the House that the Reserve
Bank had put into operation an
elaborate
statistica!
reporting
system to obtain data from all
the bank offices at six-monthly in· tervals. He, however,
admitted
that information relating to tbe
operation of banks might not be
very comprehensive. ''l am sure'',
, :t> sairJ "trnt mcmbcr·~ are él\vare
how limited the scoTJe and co erage of banking statistics \ as in
the days before nationalisation.
The Banki~1g Commission had abo
on every gold and
silver artware 1s y_our
assuran ce of quality
and Craftsmansh1p
•:B....,.,~
/'). "" .~Il.-•/l,~~;L'Ji:~.-,:-":~FG.
U'~'·
JEWELLERS
RATTAN BAZAAR, MADRAS-3
U.S. for Joint Bid
to Expand Trade
with India
BOMBA Y, Aprii 18.
Mr. William E. Simon, U .S.
Secretary of Treasw-y, said bere
to-~ay that
during 1975, the
Umtcd States would again be
the largcst source of bilatera!
assistance for India, contnbuting over a quarter of a billion
dollars.
Mr. Francois Xaviet· Ortoli, President of the Commission of
Europea.n Communities with the Prime Minister, Mrs . .lndka
Gandhi, when be called on ber on Friclay. (Report on Par,e i).
- Wirephoto by Our St:!tff Photographer.
REPORTING
GREAT OCCASIONS
Our name embossed
FROM OUR CORRESPONDF:N1'
Genuine Credit Nee s of Bigger
Units to be Met
EU
/Sikkim' s Status
Printed at Modros
Coimbotore & Bonaolore ,
ladesh
,,
m Accor
aters
''
MADRAS
SATURDAY
40 p
APRIL 19, 1975.
HA
A/uU/ul$
lt.td.ia:A Na.ti.ovwt New.itxtf>e!V
Vol. 99. No. 93.
14 Pages
GREY IRON CASTINGS
UE
;.e
MACHINE TOOLS
AH
e
HA
EU
e
GIFTS for
you in a joint, co-operative effort
to remove as many trade impediments as possible. We believe that
the expansion
or trade. which
should result would provide economie beneflts to each of us and
at the same time would also help
to deepcn and strengthen our
fr.eudship.'' he said.
Mr. Simon said that a centrai
is-;uc in which India and the Uni- ,
ted States had a common interest
Nlr. Simon. whb was addressing w::ts in expanding trade between
the annua! genera!
meetin " ol the two nations.
the In do-American
Chambe~ of
From 1 97l to 1973. the average
Commerce, said . that since the
end of World War Two, officwl annua! lnrlian exports to the Uni development as.sistance
to India ted States w-ere about $40 millions
from the United States had total. or about 15 per cent of total In lect some nine billion dollars in dil\11 exports. During the sam.e
and grants period. Indian imports from tue
concessional loans
quite apart from their ass.s Lancè United 'States averaged about $500
which wa.s channell:!d !hrou"h in- millions, about 18 per cent of
Thus, to
!ernational agencies.
lndi: had lndia : total imports.
been. the laq~est single recipient highlight the obvious, the United
was the most important
of bilatera! atd from the Unitcd States
States-an d far more that half of traciing partner for India even exall bilatera! foreign aid received cludin~ the sub"tantial shipments
by India sin ce independence harl of grain that occurred in the mid originatect in the Un;ted State~>
HJ,)O's, m id -1960's an d again in the
He said the United States h<Ìd 1974-75 period.
proposed a special trust funrl to
be administered by
the IMF to ACCES ~ TO U.S. MARKETS
assist those developing
nat.on
Mr. Simon said the United Stawhich might continue to face reduced growth rates oocause of tes would not seek to restrict
to their markets.
increase in the prices of energy India's access
and other products. Funds for this With perhaps the notable exception
their
sugar
policy,
which for
of
purpose woulct be raised in part
by sale of some of the gold now many years granted preference to
lyin g idle in the IMF. India might their own hemisphere, they had
to avoid
discrimination
be the largest beneficiary of bigh- tried
ly concessional loans
from this against or among developing countrust fund. if there was interna. tries. Indeed, in the Trade Act of
1974, which President Ford signed
tional a.greement to establish it.
Mr. Srmon said with the co-ope. early this year, the United States
ration of the Federation of Indian had moved tfrwards preferential
Chambers of Commerce and In, treatment for develo·p ing countries
dustry and the United States by enabling the President to proCha_mber of çommerce, a joint vide those nations with duty-free
busmess council was now being treatment for their eligible exformed in order to improve ties ports. The President had ·a lready
between the two business commu- identified India as a pros.pective
nities. The first meeting of the beneficiary.
council was ten~tively scheduled
The U.S. S-ecretry of Treasury
to be held late this year. Under
the auspices of the lndo-U.S Joint said that those who wanted the
United
States to return to
a
Commission
a
joint
working
group on agricultural inputs was poliCy of neo-isolationism was a
being formed and negotiations on distinct minority. The vast majoa tax treaty were being conduct. rity of Americans wanted America
e.d. TJ:l~y were looking forward to to remain involved in world affairs
the. v1s1t to Washington of an because they believe that active ·
Indtan Expor~ Promotion Council AYJ;lerican participabon in world
t~a~~ . mission t~ explore the pos- affairs was their best guarantee
sibtl~bes of sellmg
Indian engi· fo'r peace.
neermg
products
in American
markets. Ali these were positive
steps forward, hc said"
The Minister, rèferring to the
delays in ,ettling inter-i.Haneh
transactions of banks. said tne
Governme'll itself . ha d bee n excrcised over the pendancy m t h e
reconciliation of su eh l ransactions~
"The large-scale expansion of
branches
and the massive increase in the number of accounts,
both cteposit accounts
and borrowal accounts. had contributed,
to a certain de~ree , to the deterioration of the position regardillg reconciliation of inter-branch
accounts like transfers, drafts, etc.
The Reserve Bank has taken note
of the situation
and in a few
cases il~ked banks to submit rel· )fts 0\Cr .;:ix mu·1th. on th~ pro- U.S. lNWSTMENT IN INDIA
cess of rcconciliation. The bai;ks
are takin!." steps
to clear the
"Within the context of the Joint
Commission
are eager
urrcnr~."
:w
' 'b :V.OI
'n we ndin.tt
"-""" to work_ _..___.___.__ _ _.....,..___________,
No U.S Arms lo
Pok. St·nce Lt.fll·ng
+~
·~,
HYDERABAD, Aprii 18.
Ten persons were killed in yesterday's police firing at Muppala
village in
Vinukonda taluk of
Guntur district, according to an
official message received at the
State Police headquarters to-day.
All those killed were aged between 20 and 50.
The police opened fire after
rival groups numbering 2,000 supporting the present and former
President of the Village Panchayat,
clashed and pelted stones at the
police party
led by the Taluk
Magistrate.
The Taluk Magistrate, his peon,
and eight police personnel sustained injuries due to stone-pelt~~
.
Modro:s Weother
NUNGAMBAKKAM on April 18:
Max. 34.5°C (94.1°F); Min .. 27.0°C
(80.6°) F Humidity 90 per cent.
MEENAMBAKKAM on Aprii 18:
Max. 37.3°C (99-2°F); Min. 26.9°C
(80.4°F) : Humidity 81 per cent.
Forecast (valid until
Sunday
rn.orning) : Partly cloudy_ No signi.~~~an.t change in day temperature.
ID5TIYira"f1--n"r
l
age of banking siatistics was in
the days before nationalisation.
The Banking Commission had abo
commented on the paucity of
data. In the post-nationalisation
period we have devoted attenti:m
to improving the availability of
tO · Unsettled
cess of rcconciliation. The banks
"Within the context of the Joint
nre taking steps
to clear the
Commission we are eager to work
urrear:::."
wìth you in finding ways to im.
investment
picture.
l\'Ir. Subramaniam said the Gov- prove the
The
Uniied States Government
ernmeut had announced its deeican
offer
'good
offices'
for
speciFions on 383 of 469 r2commendatì0ns made by the ·Banking Com- fic proposals and can help to establish a liaison with private inves.
mission. Giving an account of the tors
in the United Sta ~es I must
progr.ess made by the public sec- emphasise.
however, that my Gov.
tor banks after
nationalisation, ernment does
play a major
he said bank branches which num- direct role in not
the transfer of inber 8,321 on the eve of nationali- dustriai technology
to India. In·
sation had increased to 18.180 at dustrial technology is the prothe end of December 1974 and as perty of private. U.S. firms and as
many as 5,052 or 51 per cent of such it must be enticed to come
the new branches were opened at to l'hdia through your efforts to
centres which had no bankin_g fa- create a fa'Vourable climate for
cilities' before.
The outstanding inv.estment. Our GO'Vernment is
advances of the public
sector prepared to discuss with you our
banks to agriculture, small-scale own ideas about the way that
indtistry, transport operators, . re- climate could be improved but
idi traders,
professionals, ·etc. the basic decisions on what should
had i creased from Rs. 441 crores be done remain, of course, is in
at the end of June 1969 to Rs. your hands."
1,746 crores at the end d DeThe United States Government
cember 1974.
he said, would like ~o "wo.rk with
AH
UE
expense of the U.S. infiuence in
Asia to the point of developlng
a closer identity of purpose with
North l{orea in repeating
the
Vietnam gamble in the Korean.
peninsula for reuniting
a nother
divided Asian couutry with its
support. The South Korcans are
·naturally quite concerned é•bout
such a threat, because the n'cent
di covery of severa! secret tun·
nels unc~er the truce line with all
the paraphernalia of electric gcnerators. pumping stations ru1d
tracked facilities for quick troop
movcments have convinced them
that North Korea was definitely
working on some plan of action.
It is not <;O much the danger of
a Korean flare-up as the totality
of the unfolding situatio:.1 that is
rece.iving
attention
in severa!
Asian countries in the wake of
the latest Indo-China developments.
But it is too early yet !'or the
Asian countries to think in terms
oJ a collective effort to face the
uncertainties of this situation,
since their diagnosis of the danger seem to differ sharply in the
present confusion.
It will take
some time for the finai picture
to emerge of how the Khmer
Ronge in Cambodia and the PRG
in South Vietnam are going to
behave, and how China and North
Vietnam would go about tightening their grip after th.e disappearance of the American influence.
And one does not know what role
Moscow has been playing frnm
behind the scenes to make th,e
American position
untenable in
the Indo-China States even at the
risk of extending the Chinese infiuence there.
Pok. Since Lifting
o~ Embargo"
,
BOJ\'IBAY. Aprii 18.
Mr. William E. Simon, U.S. Secretary of Treasury, · toid .prcssmen
here to-day that since the lifting
of the embargo on the sale of
arms by bis country to Pakistan,
no strategie arms had been sup·
plied to that country..
He made it clear that they
were not providing arms to Pakistan !o start an arms race Arms
sales would be made to Pakistan
on cash and carry basis and also
"every case would be examined
before despatch."
When a correspondent asked
about the exchange • ·of scholars
fn the cultura! field. he expressed the hope that the Indo-U.S.
commission recently set Up would
take up the problem soon..-FOC.
Anita is r6, lovely
and just discovering how it
feels to be noticed.
l'
E
HA
EU
started looking upon Peking's role
in South-East Asia basically as a
counter-poise to the grqwing Soviet
Delhi which Iook rather hypotheti- influence.
cal at present, but are otherwise CHINA'S ROLE
indicative of the prevailing uneasiness over the wider consequences
China has naturally been takof the Indo-China debacle. The ing full advantage of this AmeriSouth Korean
Foreign Minister, can psychology of disengagement
Mr. Dong Jo Kim, who is arriving and disavowal in Cambodia and
in Delhi on Sunday on a goodwill Vietnam to create the imprcssion
visit at the invitation of the Gov- that the U.S. was falling back to
ernment of India, is bound to pose its traditional defence line in the
this issue in a more direct form, mid-Pacific as part
of its neueven if he has no intention of seek- isoiationism. It has displaved great
. ing any advance
assurances of sophistication
in exploiting the
symp!lthy and support.
American naivette by fostcring the
While the Asian countries are fantasy of reasonableness and resnot really bothered about the fad· traint on its part in coping with
ing prestige or shrinking influence Soviet dominance.
Though the
of the United States in this part latest events
in Cambodia and
of the world, they have certainly Vietnam have come as a big shor:k
t·eason to be concerned about the to it, the U.S. seems to J;e stili
rationale behind the American pull- clinging to the illusion
that it
back from the rim of Asia through can stili salvage some of its ]n·esan abrupt reversal of its earlier tige by continuing to play China
postures. If the Indo-China tra- against the Soviet Union.
gedy has demonstrated the limits
The proposed visit of the North
of American power in a restrictive Korean
Marshal
Kim Il
situation, its handling of the latest Sung, to leader,
after 14 years in
developments has proved the in- the wake China
of
the
Sino-Soviet
rift,
ability of the United States to comsome eyeprehend ful!y the complexities of has naturally raised
brows here. It is. seen as part of
the Asian scene.
As seen from Delhi, the U.S. the current diplomatic drive lJy
which had no business at ali to get Peking to consolidate its inftu
so deeply invoived in Asia in the ence along; the _g reat are e:xtendname of stemming communist ex- ing from Korea and Japan through
pansion is now banking heavily Indo-China to South-East Asia. The
on China to block the extension of Chinese have already offered to
Soviet influence in this sensitive sign a treaty of friendship with
been making
region. The earlier domino theory Japan and have
has yielded piace to the new doc- friendly overtures to other countrine of containing Asian commun- tries in the South-East Asian reism by widening the gulf between gion.
But it remains to be seen wheChina and the Soviet Union. The
Chinese threat has thus receded in ther China would carrv forward
the American eyes as the U.S. has this policy of consolidation at the
AH
U
Connally
Acquitted
FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT
s n.
.
fore, making the statement tu-day
in continuation of the reply given
by his predecessor.
REDUCTION IN CREDIT
Mr. Subramaniam who was replying to the charge made by
lnd9-China Events May Lead
Condi.tions in Asia
From G. K. Redd~
BOMBAY, April 13.
Four persons were admitted to
NEW DELHI, Aprii 18.
hospital with bullet wounds atter
The startling communist victhe police opened fire on an unruly mob in Ratnagiri last even- tories in Vietnam and Camboing, the State police headquarters dia are producing a mixed rehere reported this morning.
action in countries like India-a
According to the police, 86 feeling of utter disgust over
police personnel were injured in the ugly legacies of American
heavy stone-throwing. They included the District Superintendent involvement and a sense of apof Police and the District Magis- prehension that the debacle in
Indo-China might set in motion
trate.
Two women police constables a chain of events, which might
lead step by step to a bigger
sustained serious injuries.
Official reports said the four in- crisis in Asia, if the danger is
jured in the police firing were not contained in good time.
~ut of danger. Sixteen others from
In the limited Indo-China context,
the mob were injured in the stonethrowing, the reports said--PTI. India has done what any responsible
country would do in the circumstances by recognising the Sihanouk .Government in Cambodia and
dealing with the P.R.G. in South
Vietnam in accordance with its
past policies and experiences.
WASHINGTON, Ap-r ii 18.
But the stand it has taken over
Mr. John Connally, U.S. Secre- the· latest developments in Cambotary of Treasury in the Nixon ad- dia and Vietnam cannot serve as a
ministration, has been acquitted of useful precedent for determining
charges that he pocketed $10,000 India's attitudes towards coihpai-for influencing a Government ab1e if not identica! situations
milk support price decision. In elsewhere in Asià. Is it going to
acquitting Mr. Connally, the jUTY turn a blind eye if, for exalJ\ple,
chose to believe his version of a North Korea feels emboldened by
tale Olf alleged bdbery and cover- the present American mood of
up over that of his chief accuser, ·withdrawal from the Asian scene
to step up pressures on the South,
Texas lawyer Jake Jackobs·en.
The jury of eight women and through subversion and infiltration
four men found Mr. Conn'ally in- followed by open intervention, unnocent on two counts of taking der the guise of complying with
$5,000 payoffs from Mr. Jackohsen, the wishes of the two Korean peowho wàs representing rnilk pro- ples for e·a rly re-unification?
Such questions are being asked
ducer interests at the time.
Mr. Connally, a three-time Go- these days in Asian Capitals like
vernQr of Texas and former Secretary of the Navy, once seemed
destined to make a try for the
Presidency.-AP.
10 Dead in A. P.
Firing
eI
Flood Contro! and Water Resources Minister Abdur Rab Sernibat
and the experts who had helped
them to reach an agreement o:n
the issue.
Mr. Jagjivan Ram had also discussions with the President Sheikh
Other Reports-Page 4
levy Procurement from Tempi es:
PRG Allowed lo Open
Rifl in BLD over
Office in Delhi
Ideo of Federolion Directive to Dt. Collectors
NEW DELHI, Apri! 18.
MADRAS, Aprii 18.
officials should consider the effect
The Provisional
Revolutiouary
Tlhe Tamil Nadu Govenment was on the public mind of their a9"
of Opposilion Porties · anxious
not to wound ·t he feelings tions like sealing granaries, houses Government of South Vietnam has
NEW DELHI, Aprii 18.
A rift would appear to be developing in the Bhar.atiya Lok Dal
over the question of formation of
a "Federatìon o.f BLD, the Socialist Party, Congress (0) and the
Jan Sangh.
The Fede·r ation idea was mooted at a meeting of the leaders
of the Jan Sangh, Socialist Party
and Congress (0) by Mr. Jaya Prakash Narayan last Monday as a
half-way house between the BLD
le·a der, Mr. Charan Singh's call
f.or a merger of all these Opposition parties with his party and
their opposition to any such merger.
Amon~ those preserrt
at the
meeting was Mr. Piloo Mody, BLD
Generai Secretary, who was reported to have extended support
to the idea.
A powerful section of the party
is. however, said to be opposed to
the move--PTI.
EU
Police Firing on
'M ob in Ratnagiri
pre
r
penod, severa! rounds of talks
were held on this issue, evoking
on occasions
bitter controversy,
first with the erstwhile East PaklS·
tan Government, and l!ater with
the leaders of the Bangladesh Government.
of devotees and accordingly had
asked the District CoUectors to see
that no difficulty was caused to
temples on account of Ievy procurement, the Food Minister. Mr. S.
Madhavan, told the Legisl,a tive
Council to-day.
o·r rooms where paddy was kept.
He wanted severe ac-t ion to be
taken against errin.g offic.ials.
The Minister S'a id there could be
sporadic incidents, but the Government was anxious to see that
no "harassment was caused to anyone-.
Mter the Minister's reply, the
Chairman withheld consent to the
motion.
HA
and the Gove:nment Centrai Press
struck work in response to a c::~ll
g iven jointly by the Maharashtra
State Government Employees' Confederation an d
the Maharashtra
State
Zilla Parishad Employees
Fed~ration, between them representmg almost the entire 4.30 Iakhs
employees.
.
Meanwhile the State Government
has banned strikes in the water
supply and sewerage sections in
ali public health circles
of the
State.
The Minister was opposing leave
for an adjournment motion, s()u-ght
to be raised by M!r. G. Swaminathan, 0 111 the brief closure of the
Srinivasa Perumal Temp·le and an
or.phanage at NachiarkoH (Thanj•a vur district) following a raid by
Civil Supplies officials.
The member complained that
this was not a lone case of "harassment" by Civil Supplies officials
and that similar situation had
arisen in respect of .Ve-trivelayuthaswami Tempie
i-n Manjakkollai,
near NagJapattinam. He said many
other temples and cl}aritable institutions were not in a position
to discharge t'heir levy o<bligation
because of default by the tenants.
The Sengipatty TB Sanatorìum had
to part with the entire stock of
paddy and huy rice at ·a high price
for its use.
While he was not
against paddy le·vy, he felt the
Poddy Bogs
Relurned ·lo Tempie
KUMBAKONAM, Aprii 18.
AH the 270 paddy bags taken
away_ from the Nachiarkoil Srinivasa Perumal Tempie in a raid tor
non-payment of levy were returned to the tempie authorities last
evening by the District Supply
Officer. According to the Executive Officer of the tempie, the
tempie bad ·agreed to spare immediately 41 bags towards levy.FOC.
f•
11
been allowed to open
a delegation's generai office in India with
immediate effect.
This was announced by the Deputy :.v.Iinister
of External Affairs, IVIr. Bipinpal
Das in the Lok Sabha to-day.
NL.F Forces'
Fresh Attock
SAIGON, Aprii 18.
Government troops took heavy
punishm.ent to-day as they battled
National Liberation Front units
heading towards South Vietnam's
vital Bien Hoa air base in the face
of heavy Government bombing and
artillery strikes.
NLF
forces exerted heavy
pressure on Phan Thiet, the Iast
Government stronghold on the
centrai c-oast following the fall of
Phan Rang two days ago, Government military sources said.
In the Mekong delta to the
south NLF troops were reported
tn have infiltrated
three district
to-wns, about q2 km frcm Saigon in
what appeared anolher •a ttempt to
cut off the capitai f·r om its food
swppl<ies.
Her tender skin
is cared far .
by apure. gentle.
natural soap
..
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trrì\
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HA
EU
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ns
nd
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For Mr ·
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AH
HA
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· Also: ·
In
UE
- lnder Malhotra
Pakistan •••
Psychology :
of .
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lmpotence ·.
Ol..--
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andnotforwomen.
AH
UE
Womenareformen
andnOt forpants; ,
whenaman pants forawoman
anda womanforaman
that's a pair ofpants.....
HA
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Cut out the corn, man !
This is the l nternatio.nal
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And if it's pants you're after,
there is a whole manly range of
materia! from DCM.
Trend-setters ali. Shades alive
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Weaves and textures that feel
goodtotouch.
·
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Women included.
'TERENE'
SUITING
For legs that movewith thetimes.
HA
EU
AH
UE
i '
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[!]~~
2
'fHE ILLUSTRATED WEEKL Y OF INDIA, APRIL 20, 1975
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THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA. APRIL 20, 1975
3
On the other hand, Mao Tse-tung organised the farmers who formed the overwhelming majority of the Chinese population. The Indian Communists indulge in ridiculing and condemning the Indian farmers.
Though Bengal has a plethora of Communist parties, none of them ever come forward to fight against any injustice done to
people living in rural areas. No w o n d e r
many a time the poor villagers carne forward to help the police in arresting the
Naxalites, most of whom ~ere cìty-bred.
Bangalore
Cochin
M. E . LEMAD
HA
EU
The statement, "Any snapping of ties
between tbe Congress and the CPI will be
equivalent to breaking off with Russia", only
betrays n a i v e t e about internatìonal politics. The CPI is nowbere witbin tbe portals of tbe Kremlin. The USSR helps us
for ber own reasons. Nasser's banning the
Communist Par ty did not deter the USSR
from giving him massive aid.
Lastly, consistency is as disastrous to a
politician as to a prostitute. JP is the classic
example of politica! Iickleness.
Talegaon
M. B. NATU
Sir-Communists in I n d i a are not a
force to reckon with, thanks to the poor
quality of tbeir leadership. In our country they have been c o n c e n t r a t i n g their
efforts mostly among the factory employees
and the bureaucrats who have almost be~
come a part of the Indian bourgeoisìe. If we
take the top 5 per cent of the population as
the affl.uent section, all of them come under
i~. No wonder their "revolutionary activities" never go beyond acts lìke burv;ng a
few buses, smashing the windscreens of cars
and the window-panes of buildings, etc.
4
AH
UE
The special status to Kashmir and its
"lion" is morally insupportable and legally
indefensible. Recently we gave a n o t h e r
colour to our o v er-a m e n d e d Constitution by m a k i n g Sikkim an A s s o c i a t e
State. It is time we reorganised our States on
a more rational basis. A strong Centre in a
federai set-up within the framework of our
Constitution will surely put down a number
of fissiparous tendencies which are threatening the integration of our country.
Overacting Ta mil Stars
Sir-I a g r e e w i t h R. Chinnaswami
("How Politica! Is Tamil Cinema?", March
23) that Tamil Cinema is polluted with the
politics of DMK and ADMK. But his claim
that there was a great upsurge in Tamil
N adu when MGR was s a c k e d from the
DMK is incorrect. S c h o o l s and colleges
w ere functioning normally w i t h o u t any
untoward i n c i à e n t s, life in the S t a t e
was peaceful and Madras was not in flames
as c l a i m e d by the aut h o r. The only
upsurge was the precious ne~sprint wasted
by m a n y sensation-mongering newspapers
of Madras in reporting the inner conflicts of
t w o narcissistic individuals. The author's
statement that MGR is a philanthrope is the
best joke of the year. Even a child knows
MGR's stunt of announcing a donation of
Rs l lakh for the Dhanushkodi C y c l o n e
Relief Fund which he never gave. He is
neither an actor nor a politician but only a
star.
JAHAR DAS
KARTICK CHANDRA DAS
Sir-The "roar" 'of the "lion" in Kashmir will find an echo in other States too.
A tiger in Bengal, a cheetah in Tamil Nadu,
etc, may not be far off.
H.C.ANAND
Anantapur
G. AZEEMODDIN
Who Folfows Rules of Democracy ?
Sir-Regarding your r e m a r k s about
Mohan Dharia's resignation (Editor's Page,
March 23), may I ask you one question: Did
you ever raise your eyebrows when Mrs
Indira Gandhi, during the election of the
President of I n d i a (August 1969), did not
support the party's c a n d i d a t e, Sanjiva
Reddy, and instead campaigned and voted
for Mr Giri, as per her "conscience"? She
should have first resigned from ber party
(united Congress) and then supported Mr
Giri's candidature.
I do not understand how Miss Jayalalitha is connected with this artide. She neither
indulges in any cbeap politics in her :film
career nor is sbe instrumental in creating a
politica! opinìon in Tamil Nadu.
Perhaps tbe rules of democracy are different for the top leaders.
Kanadukathan
Sir-Your note on Mohan Dharia only
goes to show that S a r d a r s can also be
champion chamchas.
AH
Sir-All politics is power politics. The
game requires sbrewdness an d foresight. W e
must appreciate tbe astuteness of the CPI
leadership wbo have no trump-card of mass
support to play witb. Otber partiès could as
well infiltrate tbe Congress Party-a mass
of disparate politica! views held togetber by
the mud of power. In fact, Mr Dbaria was
one such infiltrator. Like tbe CPI, even
Jayaprakash Narayan is indulging in tbe
"sinister design'' of dividing tbe Congress.
Calcutta
Ulhasnagar
HA
EU
Sìr-It seems what prompted R. G. K.
to w r i t e "Communism By The Backdoor"
(March 23) is the .f ear that the CPI, at the
bidding of Russia, mqy succeed in usurping
power in India through Indira Gandhi. But
I can tell you tbat tbe Russians have more
defeats than successes in tbis game which
they have played in Egypt, Sudan, Indonesia, etc. In all tbese places tbe CIA carne out
victorious and lakhs of local Communists
were massacred. Tbe same story is going to
be repeated in India. One fine morning you
will hear of a CIA-staged coup in India.
Sir-Communists in India are following
the policy of rule first and revolution afterwards.
UE
CPI or CIA By Backdoor?
GEORGE VERGHESE
Is it not queer that a non-Congressman
like the Sheikh should head the administration in Jammu and Kashmir-the rnan who
steadfastly refused to declare himself an Indian (just Kashmiri) in his passport while
travelling abroad in the late sixties and who
met the Chinese Premier Chou in Algiers,
arrogantly defying the Centre's protest?
S. RAJAGOPALAN
Sir-Sivaji Ganesan, the most talented
actor of Tamil films, tends to overact in
real life as he does in his films, when he
tries in vain to pose as a great patriot and
the heir-apparent to Kamaraj.
On the other hand, MGR, who through
his stereotyped and formula-based fil m s
projects himself as the saviour of all good,
did not dare to lead a procession, fearing
imprisonment. The T a m i l journals glorify
him in arder to take a d v a n t a g e of his
money-spinning ability.
Kundha
S. CHANDRA KALADHAR
AHer the Lion, the
Tiger and the Cheetah
Sir-Inder Malhotra in his article, "The
Lìon Roars Again in Kashmir'' (March 16),
has erred in describing the Centre-Sheìkh
samjhauta as a great event lìke the green revolution or liberation of Bangladesh. Should
it not be termed as ~ great appeasement?
THE ll,.LUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA, APRIL 20, 1975
Hyderabad
Hyderabad
ANIL KULKARNI
BIJJU PRATAP
Religions Arte Not Toterant
Sir-In the a r t i c l e, "The Prophet an d
the Sufis" (March 23), Prof Alsoob Ahmed
Ansari has tried to prove that the Sufis,
though . possessing q u a l i t i e s of love and
tolerance, were committed to the Muslim
religion as represented by the Shariat. Not
much insight is n e e d e d to see the impossibility of combining love and tolerance
with commitment to any religion or faith.
Both cannot co-exist. Fanaticism and intolerance are inherent in the doctrine of
committed faith . Prof Ansari himself admits
that the Sufis upheld tbe doctrine of love
an d tolerance amidst :religious bigotory.
L-aridabad
A. K. BUNDI
Sir-The author is trying to reconcile
the doctrines of Sufism with the originai
tenets of Islam, but this is unnecessary. All
religions are dynamic. Because of the impact
of alien cultures, tbey absorb otber ideologies and ideals. Sufism is such a deyelopment of Islam. It is more l i b e r a l. Thisliberalisation o.f Islam bas belped to spread
tbe religion far and wide. Hencet Sufis are
the cbief torcb-bearers and interpreters of
Islam.
J. C.BUCH
Rajkot
The lllustrated
CONTENTS
We Love "Dennis"
GUNS AND GOW FOR MR BRUTTO
American anns and West Asian
wealth will undoubtedly bolster the
Pakis~ani military machine in the
years to come. But, says Inder Malhotra, we need not worry t<>o much.
It is not beyond this country's resources and ingenuity to cope with
whatever threat develops on our
Western borders.
Page 6
SirDennis a tiny little boy
Is missingt witb bis toy.
He has à friend named Joy
Wbo always says "O boy!"
He is always cross with Margaret
Whose temper is not moderate.
He bas a dog looking buff
And is fit for bis name Ruff.
He is the leader of leaders
And a great entertainer to the readers.
Dennis is not seen nowadays;
It makes us sad all tbe days.
Dear Editor! please find him again
To make us bappy and cheerful again.
IN PAKISTAN ...
Linda Shah gives a first-hand report on the changes that have taken
piace in Pakistani society after the
birth of Bangladesh.
Page 16
K. S. REMA {11 years)
BREAKTHROUGH FOR HEPATITIS?
Is the Haffkine Institute's isolation
of .the hepatitis B virus really a
breakthrough? Elizabeth Rao examine$ the .controversy.
Page 21
Not Comparable
THE EDITOR'S PAGE
What happened in Malegi:10n?
Page ·27
HA
EU
[ We're waiting for him, dear Rema,
For be come~ to us from 'merica.
Y es, Dennis w e'Il get,
For he is such a pet;
And we'll print him soon, you can betcha.]
•
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF IMPOTENCE
What are the causes of impotence?
Dr Shanti Sheth shows how it can
be cured by psychoanalysis.
Page 31
Sir-In your plea for Indo-Pak amity,
(Editor's P~ge, March 9) you bave equated
·India witb Pakistan whicb is not correct.
India's peaceful intentions are clear from
its offer of a non-aggression pact. Pakistan's
motives are suspect because it has spurned
the offer. Hence tbe anxiety over tbe acquisition of letbal arms by Pakistan from
t be USA. Our rulers need no persuasion
from the people to call for a peaceful settlement of tbe disputes witb Pakistan; even if
its people cry boarse, tbe rulers of Pakistan
will l!_Ot seek amity witb India.
Bombay
K. G. VISWANATH
AT A UNICEF CAMP IN ASSAM
Ace photographer T. S. Satyan records, in words a n 4 pictures, the
agony of starving Indian children.
Page 34
BANDITS AT EIGHT O'CLOCK HIGH
Story by Amarjeet Kullar Page 43
C O V E R: Mr Z. A. Bhutto takes the .
salute.
UE
NEXT WEEK
JAYAPRAKASH REPLIES: .. In h i s
rejoinder to K h u s h w a:·n t Singh's
-"~o t a l Revolution", JP says: "You
bave been very kind to me personally
· but (l am) astounded by .your politica} conclusions ... "
.
AH
/
CIVIL WAR IN ETHIOPIA
· The Eritrean Liberation Front has
declared secession as its aim. This
would mean economie disaster for
the Government in Addis Ababa.
Page 28
AH
UE
Ernakulam
Weekly ot India
VOL XCVI 16 SUNDAY APRIL 20, 1975
ESTD 1880
Regd. No. MH By South-25. Registered as
Newspaper in Sri Lanb
"Power" Cut 1
LATA MANGESHKAR AS A WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPBER: The singer
wields a camera. In colour.
HA
EU
Sir-The cartoon below was inspired by
t he "unenligbtened" stufi you bave been
disbing ·out of late. Perhaps i t is due to the
"power" cut.
Bombay
DESMOND FERNANDES
i.
INDIA IN EARLY MAPS: In the first
scientific map-Ptolemy's-1 n d i a is
hardly recognisable. How bave subsequent map-makers portrayed the
country? By Susan Cole.
WHO IS S P O I L I N G JERUSALEM?
Unesco has accused Israel of destroying h i s tori c a l monuments in the
Holy City. Israel has countered that
Jewish synagogues w ere destroyed
,-- during Arab control of the city. Artur
Isenberg g i v e s lsrael's viewpoint,
Director-G e n e r a l Amadu Mahtar
M'bow, Unesco's.
Editor : Khushwant Singh
Assistant Editors :
R. Gopal Krishna, Raju Bharatan. Fatma R. Zakada
Editoria! Staff :
Elizabeth Rao, Ourratulain Hyder, Benedict Costa,
Bachi J . Karkaria, Jay lnder Singh Kalra. Ramesh
Chandran, An ikendra Nath Sen
COOKS, AYAHS, BEARERS: Are our
domestic servants getting a fair deal?
Padmini .Sengupta e x a m i n es their
working conditions.
NO WATER TO DRINK IN MADRAS:
What are the c a u s es and what are
the remedies? By V. G. Prasad Rao
Art Director : Ramesh Sanzgiri
Photogravure Superintendent : Aobert Dango
News Composing Supdt : K.A.G. Krishnan
Chief layout Artist : P.S. Sathe
Layout Artists: J.S. Joglekar, Dionyzia Fernandes
Photographers :
Jitendra Arya, Balkrishan. S.N. Kulkarni
THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA, APRIL 20, 1975
5
Guns An d Gol d-For-Mr
American arms will soon be
flowiD.g i n t o Pakistan. So will
gold froDi its oil-rich friends In
West A.sla and a~ound the Persian GuH. We in India cannot
afford to overlook these ominous
developments. W h a t e v e r its
problems~- India should always
be able to ·cope with any threat
Pakistan can pose.
AH
UE
by INDER MALHOTRA
HA
EU
I WILL RESTORE PAKISTAN'S MIGHTwith Washington's armour an-d Arab petrodollars? Prime Minister Bhutto has vowed
to build up his country's defence to an even
stronger positiòn than it held be f or e the
Bangladesh War of 1971. Already, his army
is as large as it was before the war. While
the US has lifted its arms embargo, it has
also dropped an pretence of anti-Communism. There are no c Za u s e s--as there w ere
b e f o r e-requiring the recipient to use the
arms for defensive purposes only. Below: An
American-built Pak: Patton càptured in 1965.
HA
EU
AH
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-B~lkrishan
l
pouring out-and not m e r e l y from South
Block. In Parliament, Opposition parti es
vied with the Treasury Benches and with
one another to condemn America and voice
concern over the new 'threat to this country's
security.
AH
UE
Interestingly, the man who shouted the
loudest was the Indian Ambassador in Washington, Triloki Nath Kaul, and this - has a
deliciotl!!" irony of its own. Long regarded as
Moscow's favourite in the Indian' diplomatic
Establishment-be was Ambassador to the
Soviet Union for four years since 1962-he
· proved to be an instant success also in the
United States, tlianks largely to his reputed
rapport with Kissinger. No wonder then that
he screamed rather like an aging beauty
suddenly jilted by a new, young and ardent
Jover. But "Dear Henry", ·who used to drop
in at the Indian Embassy · ever so often to
dine on t a n d o o r i chicken and even .more
succulent Kashmiri d i s h e s, didn't give a
damn.
!;..
HA
EU
An Unfriendly Act
v e ~r those det~­
.mined to be-deluded will be taken m
by the technical fiction sedulously fostered
by · the US that · i t has d o n e nothing more
than lift the decade-old a r m s embargo on
the entir.e Indian subcontinent. The s t a r k
truth behind the subterfuge is· that, for its
own reasons and despite its sad experience
in the past, America· has dee ided to arm
Pakistan once again though with one important difference.
,NLY the utterly n a i
For this, ·Henry Kissinger's . p e c u l i a r
brand of diplomacy was partly responsible.
Only a few weeks before the State Department's annoùncement, he . had b e e n in the
Indian capitai and his honeyed words had
given his high-leve! listeners the impression
that a change in the · American policy on
arms for Pakistan was remote. But rather
than blame Kissinger for his duplicity, the
bigwigs in the Indian Foreign Office ought
to be kicking themselves for their stupidity.
For they oughf to have known that the US
Secretary of State is not a man to be trusted.
HA
EU
O
AH
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-R. B. Bedi
THE DOCTOR RUBS SALT IN THE WOUNDS. Dr Kissinger continues to repos~ fa i t h in the
19th-century concept of a 'balanèe of powers' despite setbacks in Cambodia, Vietnam and W est
Asia. US1s propping up Pakistan appears to b e part of the grand design in the Persian Gulf.
In the past, the Americans at least took
the trouble to pretepd that the massive arms
supplies to Pakistan were intended only for
countering Communism and t h a t~ in any
case, .the Àmerican weapons could n_o t be
used agamst India--a hollow claim which
was ·blQwn to smithereens in the battlefields
. of Kutch and Punjab in 1965. Now even this
. pathetic pretence has been dropped rather
like the fig-leaf that has completely disappeared from the nightclubs of Europe's hot
spots.
Given the generai thrust of US policies
in the Persian Gulf region-which seems to
have acquired in the American global des~gn the importance that the jugular has in
thé human system-Washington's resolve to
resume arms supplies to Pakistan was only
to be expected. And yet i t, or a t · any r a t e
its timing, .carne as something of a surprise
to New Delhi.
A 'Conman' 1 ·
Even if they had forgotten their own
dismal experience of dealing with him before the Bangladesh War, surely they ought
to have taken note of Kissinger's record in
Indochina which is an open book. Anyone
who can a c ce p t the Nobel Prize for bringing peace to Vietnam; where 125,000 people
bave been killed or wounded after the alleg..
ed terminatitm of the war, must be adjudged the greatest conman · of the age which
has been remarkably prolific
producing
conmen. He ought not be blamed if he acts
true t o his character.
It is also entirely typical of New Delhi's
way of doing things that, oncé the US decision was announced, the earlier euphoria
gave way to something only .a little short of
· hySteria. Shriil and str~,d~nt protes~s started
in
To say ali this is not to argue that India
ought not to have protested agairist what ·is
c :t e a r l y an u.O.friendly act by the United
States. There is no reason why the resentment felt by the Indian people should not be
driven home to the Americans. But the short
point is that in intemational relations, as ·in
human aft'airs, there is such a thing as a
sense of proportion. It ~ not m e r e l y tbat
dignified and restrained protests · are, as a
rule, more eft'ective than extravagant ones.
But a question we must ask o u r s e l v e s is
whetber it is in our best interest to go out of
our way to make lndo- US relations wor5e·
than they are or need be. And even a cursory look at the complex interplay of international forces will show that the answer to
the question must be a clear "No".
There is no doubt that the p r e s e n t
American action, like much else the US has
done in the past, is inimicai to us and impinges on our security. I t is- equally true that
the possibh~ motivation b e h i n d American
actions matters less than the consequences
to us of such actions. Even so, it is useful to
reniember that, more o f t e n than no t, the
main driving force behind 'American policies
harmful to us is not animus against India.
Most such policies are the outcome of the
Americ.a n calculations of what ~hey consider
to be t h e i r wider i n t e r e s t s, global or
regional.
For instancef d u r i n g the war for the
liberation of Bangladesh and the crisis preceding it, the Americans chose to be on the
side which h a d the double disadvantage of
being morally in the wrong and, at the same .
time, the losing one. Why then did they do
it? Not because of their love for Pakistan .
or animosity towards India by any means.
It just happened that Pakistan then fi.tted in
with the Nixon-Kissinger scheme of things
in relation to China just as it does into the
American grand design for the Pers~n Gulf
region now.
In the circumstances, any a t t e m p t to
exacerbate Indo-American relations unduly
will be to play into the hands of precisely
those elements in the ruling Establishment
in the United States, such as the diehards
in the Pentagon and the State Department
and on Capito! Hill, who are habitual In4ia
haters. In any case, vituperation against the
-Continued
THt ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA, APRIL 20, 1975
7
And this brings one to the comparatively brigh.t..side.. of. the situation. With its phenomenal oil wealth and the formidable arsenal of the most sophistìcated weapons it has
thus piled up, Iran could easily bave supple:..
mented, indeed su p p l a n t e d,· the United
States as the principal source of guns and
gold to Pakistan. To be sure, it has promised
to give Islamabad 50 Freedom Fighters from
its own fleet which is being equipped with
Phantoms, Mirages and even Tomcats. But
thìs is a flea- bite c o m p a r e d with what i t
could have---indeed might have-passed on
to Pakistan.
·
HA
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AH
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- In fact, there is reason to b e l i e v e
that even the l i m i t e d supply of Freedom Fighters might not have been agreed
to by the Shah o{ Iran 'but for American
prodding. It is too much of a coincìdence
that the Shah of Iran should have needed
to have a sitting with his dentist in Zurich
àt the precise moment when Hency Kissin- .
ger was seeking an urgent audience with
His Imperia! Majesty in ~urope.
'TOAST OF THE TOWN. Mr Bhutto, as Foreign Minister of General Yahya Khan, was the
chief architect of Pakistan's policy of playing America off against China. I t paid rich dividends
as Pakistan was able to fiU the missing items in its arsenal from both countries. Seen above
with the then US President, Richard Nixon, are MT and Mrs Bhutto.
HA
EU
AH
Furthermore, a policy of total alienation from the United States will be deleterious for another important reason. Friendship with tlie Soviet Union has paid this
·country rich dividends in the past and ·even
better relations with it in future are to be
welcomed, particularly because o{ the growing challenges to this country. But Js it wise
to get too dependent on one Great Power
only? The question acquires an edge because of the current state of our relations
with C h i n a and the improbability of a n y
improvement in t h e m in the near future.
Even the lsraelis, having a WÌiquely powerful lobby within the United States to plead
their cause, bave Ieamt to their dismay the
perils of excessive r e l i a n 'c e on a single
Great Power.
To take the gloomy ·side first, the guns
that America will give Pakistan are already
being supplemented by gold from Pakistan's
oil-rich friends along the Persian Gulf and
further west in the Middle East. Nearly
two billion dollars of bilatera! aid or grant
of this tyt>e has already flowed into _the
coffers of Islamabad openly. There have also
been clandestine gifts. Moreover, a fund for
the p o o r Muslim _n a t i o n s that the oilexporting Arab countries started has benefited Pakistari greatly. The poor Bangladeshis, though also Musllms and in a much
worse c o n d i t i o n than any other people,
haven't got even a tenth of the dough the
Pakistanis have got away wtth.
UE
US ahd rushing to Washington for PL 48~
wheat, which we had vowed never again to
touch, go ill together.
· However, having to live with the American policies in the region or the need for
politeness in dealing with Washington does
not mean that we are helpless. What we
cannot avert or reverse we can surely try
to soften through our powers of diplomatic
persuasion and by skilfully using such leverage as our size, population, potential and
standing among . the Third World countries
give us.
l
Like almost everything else, the overall situation in our immediate strategie environment is highly complex. In one respect,
· jt is worse than could have been anticipated
during the euphoria over the outcome of
the Bangladesh War; in another, it is a lot
better than seemed possible even at the
beginning of 1974.
~
. Hard Cash 1More Welcome
From the recipient country's point ·of
view, hard cash is often more welcome than
a straight supply of military hardware. The
arms supplier usually has the last word . on
what will be supplied. More often than not,
it tends to give only relatively old and even
obsolete weapons systems, not the latest and
most sophisticated o n e s. Witness Generai
Tikka Khan's pathetic pleading for the highly deadly Phantom aircraft w h i l e the US
insists that it will give only F-5 Freedom
Fìghters of an ·older vintage, although i t is
a different matter that even the Freedom
Fighters will add considerably to the punch
of the Pakistani Air Force w h e n they re-·
piace the obsolescent F-86 Sabres. However,
with p e t r o d o 11 a r s in their p o c k e t s,
Pakistani purchase missions can shop for
whatever they like and wherever they like
because the w o r l d armaments market is
seething with frantic s a l es m e n who will
sell a l m o s .t anything to whoever can cough
out the necessary cash.
THE ILLU$TRA.TED WEEKLY OF INDIA', APRIL 20, 1975
What might happen in the future, no
one can say with certainty. But, so far, Iran
has shown no willingness to become a convenient conduit for the transfer of massive
quantities of sophisticated arms. to Pakistan---:a danger which was menacingly real
until fairly r ecently. Nor can there be two
opinions about the fact that this danger has
been averted, a t least for ; the present, by
New Delhi's skilful diplomacy which, helped by the Shah's own sagacity, led to last.
Octo.b er's understanding between his country and India.
··MaturitY and Sophistication
Under these circumstances, does it n,ot
make sense that we do nothing to erode the
. foundations of thé Indo-Iranian friendship
laid by Indira Gandhi and the Shah.enshah?
Indeed, the maturity and sophistication happily in evidence in our dealings witlÌ Iran
need. to be extended to the ·conduct of our
relations with others-especially in the Per_sian Gulf region and West Asia-to whom
India cati offer much by way of trade, technical cooperation and politica! support, and ·
where the Pakistanis, too, are e x tre m e l y
active.
·
Luckily, New Delhi's wise decision not
to s t a r t any recriminations with Teheran
over. the 50 Freedom Fighters 'and President
Sadat's handsome acknowledgement t h a t
India's importance and politica! weight entitle it to an invitation to the Geneva Conference on the Middle East are promising
and propitious signs.
There is some room for ~oing serious
business even with the United States. Of
course a reversal of the American decision is
not on. But sureiy we can try and hold the
Atnericans to their promise, for whatever
it is worth, that they would not disturb the
balance pf power in the Indian subcontinent.
The first thing to hammer home to Washing-·
ton is that the n a t u r a l balance in South
Asia cannot mean an artificial parity between India and Pakistan. Nor does the arbitrary British a p p o i n t m e n t of military
power to India and Pakistan in 1947 on a
two-to-òne basis make sense. Nothing short
of a clear three-to-one Indian superiority
w i Il mean a proper and natura! b'alance.
Tlùs is not merely because of India's size but
also because of its security requirements ìn
relation to so mishty a nation as China with
AH
UE
HA
EU
THEY GAVE "FREEDOM" INSTEAD OF "PHANTOM". Too much fuss should not be made over Anierican arms aid to Pakistan. Experience has
shoum that armament manufacturers usually "palm off" obsolete weapons and seldom, if ever, part with the 1atest inventions. An example oj
this is Pakistan's craving for the Phantom (right) which had to be satisfìed by the relatively old Freedom Fighter (left).
Fear of lndian Hegemony
HA
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INDIA
PAKISTAN
t
POPULATION
GROSS NATIONAL
PROOUCT
EU
This is something which even the
thoughtful Pakistanis will accept as reasonable even t h o u g ·h they may not admit it
publicly. Similarly, we in this country ought
to appreciate the Pakistani p o i n t of view
that, while Indian military superiority in the
subcontinent may be natural and unavoidable, they cannot accept Indian hegemony. Jf
a limited inflow of Amerièan arms, combined with military and monetary help obtained from the oil-rich countries on the
Islamic ticket, can . help Pakistan get over
the fears of Indian hegemony, it may not be
too bad a thing. For, under such circumstances, it may be possible to reaeh with Pakistan, if not a d e t e n t e, at least a modw
vivendi. And even if such an agreement to
live and let live is camouflaged by a lot
hostile rhetoric and recrimination, it will be
a denouement devoutly to be wished for.
For neither c o u n t r y has anythin&' to
gain by prolonP1&' an atmosphere of confrontation and tumin&' its back on concliiation, whlle both will lose a hell of a lot OD
account of even an arms race, leave alone
aetual armed confliet.
But if either the Americans are determined to destabilise the situation in the subcontinent by bolstering Pakistani strength
-Continued
WHO HAS WHAT
AH
which this country has a long and forbid·
ding frontier in the high Himalayas. Moreover, China has been giving Pakistan large
quantities of military equiplrient. There is
hardly any possibility of a new India-China
war. A renewed clash of arms between India and Pakistan, however, cannot be ruled
out. And yet, strategically, C h i n a remains
the principal threat.
TOTAL ARMED FORCES
ARMOUR
COMBAT AIRCRAFT
FIGHTING SHIPS
of
SUBMARINES
RESERVES
t
t
t
tt t t t
-Anll Rev.ri
This chart. gives a broad picture of I n d i a n and Pakistani milita.ry strengths numericaUy.
Quality however sometimes makes a difference. Some of the Pakistani aircra.ft (such as
Mirages for instance) are more sophistica.ted than the planes with the IAF. On the other hand,
Indian Vijayanta ta.nks are better than the Pattons the Pakistanis have at vresent. Hence the
American priority to giving Pakistan more modern tanks.
THE ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA, APRIL 20, 1975
9
(An exclusive interview with a young woman,
Smt. Valli who, unknown to her husband, was
doing something regularly - and wound up with
... behind ber husband•s back!
Rs. 10,000!)
Q
A
a
A
Q
A
.
How much does your husband earn?
: About Rs. 200 a month
: What made you do what you did?
E'conomic circumstances.
How were you able to do it on such a
meagre ìncome?
Oh, l cheated~as only a woman could!
l made a small start and regularly kept
it up till l had Rs. 50.
N o w you 've struck it rich!
Yes. Thanks to the Bank of Madura's
Small Savings Prìze Deposit Scheme
in which l invested at the time.' The
Bank really knows the true value . of.
small savìngs to the small person!
l suppose it's really part of the planthe
bank has of meeting social objectives.
How right you are!
AH
UE
o
.
A
HA
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Q
HA
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AH
UE
To Smt. Volli, o( Devokottoi, Ramnod District,
Tomi/ Nodu. And Kumori S. Sakoyo Mary,
o( Pondicherry who had the luck of thè
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Regd. & Centrai Office: 33. North Chitrai Street, Madurai-625001.
METROPOLITAN OFFICES: BOMBA V: 67·69, Perin ·Narìman Street, (Bazaar Gate Street), Fort. Phone: 263960, 261430 &. 269808 Telex: 4389; Plot No.9,
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-IO
THE ll.LUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA, APRIL 20, 1975