METALS METALLOIDS NONMETALS Characteristics of Metals

METALLOIDS
METALS
NONMETALS
Characteristics of Metals:
­Found on the Left Side of the Periodic Table
­shiny when smooth and clean
­solid at room temperature
­good conductors of electricity and heat
­react with acids
­most are malleable (pounded into flat sheets) and ductile (stretched into thin wire)
­most representative elements and all transition elements
Note: REMEMBER THE STAIR CASE? ­its a visual divider between metals and nonmetals.
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Types of Metals: *Alkali Metals (Group 1 elements, except for Hydrogen)
­very reactive, usually exist as compounds
­soft enough to cut with a knife
­shiny/metallic appearance
Examples: Na ­found in salt, Li ­batteries
*Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2 elements)
­very reactive
­harder, denser, stronger than alkali metals
­silvery/metallic appearance
Examples: Ca & Mg ­found in body
*Transition Metals (Groups 3­12 and F­block)
­Subdivide and call F­block the inner transition metals and then subdivide again and call them the lanthanide and actinide series.
Examples: Lanthanide emit light when struck by electrons
NONMETALS
Characteristics:
­Found on the Upper Right Side of the Periodic Table, includes hydrogen
­Usually gases or brittle dull solids
­Poor conductors of heat and electricity
­Doesn't react with acids
Note: Bromine is the only liquid nonmetal at room temperature. Most abundant one in our body is Oxygen (65% by mass).
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Types:
*Halogens (Group 17)
­highly reactive
­often parts of compounds
Example: Flourine is often found in toothpaste to help prevent tooth decay
*Noble Gases (Group 18)
­highly unreactive
­used in lasers, light bulbs, and neon signs
METALLOIDS
­They border the staircase
­They have physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals
Example: Silicon and Germanium are used in computer chips and solar cells. Silicon is also used in prosthetics.
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