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ACAROLOGIA
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CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE
OF CARABODES PALM/FER BERLESE, 1904
(ACARI: ORIBATIDA: CARABODIDAE)
BY A.l. CABALLERO, J.C. ITURRONDOBEITIA
*
(Accepted March 2000)
CARABODES PALM/FER
REDESCRIPTION
LEG-SETATION
ORIBATID MITE
TAXONOMY
CARABODES PALMIFER
REDECRIPCION
ORIBATIDOS
ABSTRACT: Cm·abodes palmifer Berlese, 1904 is redescribed. Leg setation and
solenidial formula are described for the first time in this species giving figures of
them. This new finding represents the first record of this species in the Iberian
Peninsula
RESUMEN: Se redescribe la especie de acaro oribatido Cm·abodes palmifer Berlese,
1904, siendo la primera vez que se cita en la Peninsula Iberica. Se describen por
primera vez en esta especie, las setas y formula solenidial en los diferentes
pod6meros de las patas y se aportan dibujos de las mismas.
INTRODUCTION
Carabodes palmifer is an oribatid mite described by
Berlese in 1904, originally known from Italy and all
of the records founded up to now related with Castanea sativa humus.
A male of this species was found in pine culture
from Men data (Biscay, Northern Spain) in December
1995. This new finding represents the first record of
this species in the Iberian Peninsula. Due to fact that
its general morphology, such as its body length was
much greater than width and its sensilli, it seemed to
belong, in a first view, to the genus Odontocepheus
although it has been identified as Carabodes (MAHUNKA, 1986). It was the first step of what we plan as an
exhaustive revision of species of the genus Carabodes
in Spain. Finally we found two that looked like our
finding, they were: Cm·abodes palmifer Berlese, 1904
and C. peniculatus Aoki, 1970. Nevertheless, BERNINI
(1970) suggests Aoki's species a junior synonym of C.
palmifer. We have not found a detailed description
*
of C. palmifer apart from what BERLESE did in 1904
in which Cm·abodes palmifer was described as
follows (translated from original Latin description):
light brown color integument, foveolated. Postmarginal body setae short and spatulate-palm-leaf
like type and penicilated. Sensillus long clavate, penicilated. Size 400-460 11m in length by 180-220 11m in
width. Found in decomposed wood of Castanea
sativa.
BERNINI (1970) makes a first comparison between
the species Carabodes palmifer and C. areolatus Berlese,1916. Later, BERNINI (1982) found more individuals of C. palmifer, always on chestnut, Castanea
sativa, qualifying the species as rare. We have confirmed this, as we have sampled many areas and biotopes, finding only a single individual. Our individual
and those sent by Dr. Bernini labelled as C. palmifer,
are the same species.
Since nothing else is known about this species, we
contribute the following details, relating to leg setation.
Dpto. Zoologia y D.C.A. Fac. Ciencias. U.P.V.- E.H.U. B0 Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa (Vizcaya). Spain.
354Prodorswn (Fig. I ) : Rostra! (ro) and lamellar (le )
setae setiform, arched medially, ro glabrous, le minutely barbed on lateral margin. Interlamellar (in) setae
MATERIAL EXAMINED
Five individuals of this species were studied. One
male oribatid mite was collected in Mendata (Biscay,
Northern Spain) in December of 1995 on organic
matter from Pinus radiata (code sample: S5B + o5).
Body dimensions are 395 ~-tm length by 195 !!ill width.
This finding represents the first record of this species
in the Iberian Peninsula. Four individuals (3 females
and a male) were collected by Dr. Bernini, from Italy
(Sila Massif, region of Calabria) found in humus of
chestnut (Castanea saliva). Female body dimesions
are 420-450 ~-tm length by 200-220 !!ill width, the male
420 ~-tm length by 200 !!ill width. The individual
found in Mendata and one of the Italian females were
dissected for study. The material will be preserved in
Hoyer solution and will be kept in the laboratory of
Zoology of Basque Country University.
palm-leaf like shaped whose small leaves are located
from the base to the tip of the setae. The straight in
. are inserted laterally on the outer margin of lamellae.
·sensillus with long stalk and large clavate head presenting small lobular projections, resembling the sensillus of Odontocepheus elongatus. Exobothridial
setae (ex) absent.
Notogaster (Fig. 1) : Dorsosejugal groove without
depression, hollow or elevation as found in other
Cm·abodes species (see PEREz-IN!Go, 1997). Humeral
projection hardly protrudes beyond the lateral margin of no to gaster, but projects anteriorly in triangular
form. Ten pairs of notogastral (N) palm-leaf-like
setae as the interlamellar (in) ones.
Ventral region ( Fig. 2 ): Surface with polygonal
foveae mostly regular in shape and partially fused
with fine dots among them. Epimerae with short
setiform setae, in the formula (3-1-3-3) typical of
Carabodidae (MAHUNKA, 1986). In the anogenital
region there are 4 pairs of setiform genital setae (g), 1
pair of small spiniform aggenital setae (ag ), 2 pairs of
anal setae (an) and 3 pairs of adanal setae (ad).
Adanal setae ad1 and ad2 are palm-leaf-like but shorter than notogastral setae, while ad3 are short, thick
and laterally serrated.
REDESCRIPTION
of Carabodes palmifer Berlese, 1904
Integument and measurement: light brown colour.
A thin layer of cerotegument covering the body,
which is mostly foveolated with foveae not smoothly
rounded, but rather regular in shape without fusion
and a fine granulate is observed among them .. Total
body length 395-450 ~-tm by 195-220 ~-tm total body
width.
Leg I
Solenidion
Leg II
Solenidion
Leg III
Solenidion
Leg IV
Femur
G enu
Tibia
Tarsus
Claw
4
d,bv",(l)
3
v'.(l)
4
(v), (/)
15
(pv) ,s.(a).(u).(p)
(ft) ,it".(te), e
1
(J
'PJo 'P2
Wb W2
4
d,bv".( I)
3
v', (/)
3
l',(v')
15
(ft ).(it).( le)
(pv) ,s.(a).(u),p
(J
rp
wl>
1
I'
2
I',V
15
(ft}, (te) ,pl", v'
(pv),s.(a).(u).(p )
(J
rp
-
2
d,l'
2
(v)
lfi",(te)
-
rp
-
3
d,l',ev'
2
d,ev'
11
1
w2
12
1
1
(pv},s, (a), ( u).(p )
Solenidion
Table I: Cm·abodes pa/mifer Berlese, 1904 solenidial and leg setation
FIG. I . - Cm·abodes palmifer Berlese, 1904. (adult). Dorsal aspect (bar scale I 00 J.!ID)
FIG. 2. - Cm·abodes palmi/er Berlese, 1904. (adult). Ventral aspect (bar scale 100 J.lm)
-356-
FIG. 3. - Cw·abodes palmifer Berlese, 1904. (adult) Leg I, and Leg II, antiaxial surface (bar scale 100 11m).
-357-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
"J.'
r·
FIG. 4.- Cm·abodes palmifer Berlese, 1904. (adult) Leg III, right. Tibia and tarsus little bit twisted (bar scale I 00 J.lm).
-358-
/
/
I
I
/
I
I
/
/
I
/
I
I
/
/
/
/
/
/
,/
/
FIG. 5.- Cm·abodes palmifer Berlese, 1904. (adult) Leg IV, (bar scale 100 11m).
-359
Gnathosoma: Palp setal formula from femur to
tarsus, solenidia included, is (2-1-3-9). Chaelicerae
are normal (chelate-dentate type).
Legs: We have followed different authors such as
(GRANDJEAN, 1946; NORTON, 1977; REEVES 1987,
1990, and 1995) in order to identify leg setae, but the
most important ones are those based on the ontogeny
of some species of the genus Cm·abodes (Reeves,
1991, 1992 and 1998). They are single-clawed; antiaxial surfaces of femora I and 11 and trochanters and
femora Ill and IV partially or entirely covered with
foveolae. Leg setation and solenidial formula is given
in the Table. It is remarkable the similarity between
leg chaetotaxy formulae of Cm·abodes palmifer and
those of the species C. dendrodaetus, C. wonalancetanus, C. polyporetes, C. coweetaensis described by REEvEs in 1987, 1990, 1991 and 1995 respectively.
Leg I (Fig. 3) Setae !' of femur and v' of genu
serrated, thick and spiniform. Tibia: solenidia c:p 1 and
c:p 2 ceratiform (NORTON, 1977) the former being longer than the latter. Tarsus: solenidia w 1 and w 2 are
short and ceratiform and inserted close together, w2
being slightly shorter than w 1•
Leg II Femur and genu as in leg I. Tibia: the only
solenidion c:p 1 is ceratiform and the setae are thin,
spiniform and without barbation. Tarsus: solenidia
w 1 and w 2 are short, equal in length, ceratiform, and
are inserted close together.
Leg III (Fig. 4 ). Femur: dorsal seta more slender
than the homologous setae of previous legs. Genu:
the only seta, d, is small thick, short and barbed;
solenidion a1 short and baculiform. Tibia: setae!' and
v' short the former being thicker and barbed while v'
is spiniform and without barbation.
Leg IV (Fig. 5). Femur: seta d thick, barbed and
similar in shape to that of leg Ill; v' short, thin and
spiniform. Genu: there are two short, thin and slightly barbed setae. Tibia: the only solenidion, c:p, is
ceratiform; the two ventral setae are very thin, v" is
spiniform while v' is thicker, longer, and a fine barbation can be discerned.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Professor Fabio Bernini of the University of Siena for sending and giving, to be included in
our collection, some specimens of the species here
redescribed. Also to Professor Roy A. Norton for his
kindness in allowing us to study his particular collection, for his advice and for the review of the manuscript.
This work has been finantially supported by
CICYT (Project AMB94-0178-C02-02), as well as by
a grant from "Ministerio de Educaci6n y Ciencia".
REFERENCES
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BERNINI (F.), 1982. - Notulae Oribatologicae XXVII.
Contribute alia conoscenza degli oribatei della val di
Farma (Toscana Meridionale).- Redia, 65: 377-405.
GRANDJEAN (F.), 1946.- Les poils et les organes sensitifs
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