Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ populacije u Srbiji, 2011.

Transcription

GODIŠNJI IZVEŠTAJ
O POLOŽAJU
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LGBTIQ
POPULACIJE U SRBIJI
organizacija za lezbejska ljudska prava
Beograd, 2012.
Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ
populacije U SRBIJI, za 2011. godinu
Labris - organizacija za lezbejska ljudska prava
Beograd, 2012. godina
CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji
Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd
342.7
GODIŠNJI izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ
populacije u Srbiji za .... = Annual Report
on the Position of LGBTIQ Population in
Serbia for ... / glavna i odgovorna urednica
Jovanka Todorović Savović . - 2005- . Beograd : Labris - organizacija za lezbejska
ljudska prava, 2006- (Beograd : Standard 2).
- 21 cm
Godišnje. - Tekst i naslov štampani u
obrnutom smeru: Annual Report on the Position
of LGBTIQ Population in Serbia for ...
ISSN 1452-8568 = Godišnji izveštaj o položaju
LGBT populacije u Srbiji
COBISS.SR-ID 131070732
Labris - organizacija za lezbejska ljudska prava
Beograd, Srbija
tel: + 381 11 3227 480, 064/ 700 8293
e-mail: [email protected]
web: www.labris.org.rs
Naziv publikacije:
Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ populacije u Srbiji
Glavna i odgovorna urednica: Jovanka Todorović Savović
Tehničko uređenje, prelom i dizajn korica: Adorjan Kurucz
Lektura i korektura: Dragoslava Barzut
Prevod na engleski: Ana Jovanoski
Štampa: Standard 2, Beograd
Tiraž: 300
Štampanje ovog izveštaja omogućeno je zahvaljujući podršci organizacije ILGA Europe
Beograd, 2012. godina
sadržaj
Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTiq populacije u Srbiji za 2011. godinu
Uvod .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Parada ponosa – test za državne institucije, pravnu državu i sam suverenitet ........................................................................................................... 6
Aktivnosti Labrisove pravne službe .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Slučajevi nasilja prema LGBTIQ osobama koji su privukli medijsku pažnju ............................................................................................................... 11
Pritužbe Poverenici za zaštitu ravnopravnosti ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Odnos medija prema LGBT temama ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Ostale aktivnosti Labrisa .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Program edukacije ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Program info centra ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Preporuke državnim organima za unapređenje položaja LGBTIQ populacije .......................................................................................................... 20
godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ populacije u srbiji, 2011.
Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ
populacije u Srbiji, za 2011. godinu
Uvod
Parada ponosa nije jedini, niti najznačajniji momenat u zalaganju
za poboljšanje prava LGBTIQ osoba ali svakako predstavlja najvidljiviji deo te borbe i jezgro oko koga se artikuliše i unosi u javnu sferu celokupna LGBTIQ pravna i društvena problematika. Zato zabrana Parade ponosa predstavlja ključan događaj za LGBTIQ zajednicu
u 2011. godini jer je država zabranivši njeno održavanje, pokazala
na koji način tretira seksualne manjine i njihova osnovna prava.
Dok je 10. oktobra 2010. godine na ulicama vladalo tzv. “kontrolisano nasilje”, koje je zapravo bilo uvertira i već spreman i opravdavajući, društveno prihvaćeni odgovor na pitanje: Da li nam je
Prajd potreban opet i u 2011?, 2. oktobra 2011. godine dogodio se
“kopernikanski obrt” u odnosu na ono što su političari nastojali
da prikažu organizatorima Parade ponosa kao društvenu realnost.
Budući da je 2011. godine postojao isti pravni i politički kontekst
kao i prethode dve godine (2009.1 i 2010.2 - isti pravni okvir, vladajuća struktura, Ustav...) a da su dobijena tri različita eplioga prilikom pokušaja korišćenja prava po zakonu o okupljanju građana,
potrebno je uraditi analizu ovog događaja sa više aspekata, kako
bi se bolje razumela društvena realnost i odnos donosioca političkih odluka prema LGBTIQ pravima.
1 Povorka ponosa 2009. bila je zabranjena uručivanjem Rešenja o premeštanju lokacije Povorke ponosa na Ušće, koje je izdalo Ministarstvo
unutrašnjih poslova, a koje je organizatorkama i organizatorima Povorke
ponosa bilo uručeno od strane Premijera Republike Srbije, Mirka Cvetkovića, samo 24 sata pre zakazanog održavanja povorke. Ovakav čin predstavlja de facto zabranu Povorke ponosa, zbog čega su organizatorke/i u
oktobru 2009. godine podnele/i žalbu Ustavnom sudu RS, a u decembru
i Evropskom sudu za ljudska prava, a uz podršku Beogradskog centra za
ljudska prava. “Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ populacije u Srbiji,za
2009 godinu” http://www.labris.org.rs/godisni-izvestaji/index.html
2 Iza policijskih kordona oko 6000 huligana rušilo je grad i napadalo policijske službenike. Nakon Parade ponosa, 249 osoba je uhapšeno, 195
punoletnih i 54 maloletne osobe, 131 osoba je zadržana u pritvoru, 160
osoba je povređeno (većinu povređenih čine policajci), “Godišnji izveštaj
o položaju LGBTIQ populacije u Srbiji, za 2010 godinu”
http://www.labris.org.rs/godisni-izvestaji/index.html
5
Pored analize okolnosti koje su pratile organizovanje Parade ponosa, u daljem izveštaju biće reči i o prvim suđenjima za diskriminaciju LGBTIQ osoba, slučajevima nasilja i diskriminacije prijavljenim Labrisovoj pravnoj službi i drugim organizacijama, medijskom
izveštavanju o LGBTIQ temama, pritužbama poverenici za zaštitu
ravnopravnosti kao i o aktivnostima koje je Labris sprovodio kroz
tri postojeća programa.
Parada ponosa – test za državne institucije,
pravnu državu i sam suverenitet
Naime još u martu je održan prvi konsultativni sastanak sazvan
od strane organizacije “Parada ponosa Beograd” na koji su bili
pozvani/e zaštitnici/ce ljudskih prva iz raznih organizacija i još
tada su se na individualnoj osnovi pojedinci/ke, aktivisti/tkinje za
ljudska prava grupisali u tzv. Organizacioni odbor Parade ponosa
Beograd koji je je izneo celokupan organizacioni proces ovog skupa. Dve aktivistkinje Labrisa uzele su učešće u tom procesu.
Zahtevan deo tehničko-organizacionog posla koji je vodilo sedam
aktivista/tkinja odvijao se daleko od očiju javnosti, dok je ono što
je vrlo dobro propraćeno, što medijski što kroz reakcije LGBTIQ organizacija, bio deo posvećen susretima sa predstavnicima/cama
političkih stranaka, članovima/cama poslaničkih grupa, institucijama za ravnopravnost, predstavnicima/cama misije OEBS-a, Saveta Evrope kao i relevantnim ministarstvima i urednicima/cama
štampanih i televizijskih medija.
Organizacioni odbor je održao sastanke sa gotovo svim političkim
partijama u Srbiji (osim sa predstavnicima Demokratske stranke Srbije, Jedinstvene Srbije i Srpske Radikalne stranke). Sastanak sa predsednikom Srbije Borisom Tadićem do samog kraja je bio u iščekivanju. Predsedničkom kabinetu nekoliko puta je prosleđen zvaničan
poziv ali do kraja organizacionog procesa, do tog sastanka nije došlo.
Saopštenja sa kojima su predstavnici/ce stranaka nakon sastanaka izlazili/e u javnost varirala su od “mlakih” i neutralnih do onih
koja jasno podržavaju koncept slobodnog okupljanja i zalaganja
za ljudska prava (Socijaldemokratska unija, Liga socijaldemokrata
6
Vojvodine, Liberalno demokratska partija) do onih kojima je maksimalni doseg bio da “pozovu ljude na nenasilje” (SNS).
Takođe u toku priprema za Paradu ponosa intenziviran je broj napada na ljude zbog njihove pretpostvaljene ili stvarne seksualne
orijentacije. O tim incidentima biće reči u nastavku izveštaja.
Zastrašivanje organizatora/ki Parade ponosa bilo je, kao i prethodnih godina, prateći činilac samog organizacionog procesa.
“Naime, predsednik Nezavisnog policijskog sindikata Momčilo Vidojević obratio se javnosti putem Večernjih novosti sa saznanjem
da su se NN lica spremala da zapale grad automobilskim gumama
koje su kupljene pred zakazanu Paradu, nazivajući tu akciju “Beograd u plamenu”3. Večernje novosti u istom tekstu navode da se
pripremaju paralelni skupovi istog dana kada je zakazana Parada
ponosa. Na redovnim sastancima sa MUP-om potvrđeno je da se
spremaju paralelni skupovi koji su prijavljeni MUP-u, ali da njihovo održavanje neće ometati održavanje Parade ponosa. Takođe,
kako kasnije navodi dnevni list Alo!4, spekulisalo se da će se na
učesnike skupa ići i rojevima pčela. Međutim, Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije nije izašlo sa saopštenjem kojim
bi demantovalo ovakve navode. Naprotiv, iz MUP-a kao i u zvaničnima izjavama samog ministra policije Ivice Dačića, poručeno
je da će se preduzeti sve moguće mere zaštite učesnika Parade
ponosa. Ista uveravanja, sve do poslednjeg sastanka sa Organizacionim odborom Parade ponosa, iznosili su i predstavnici MUP-a
uz molbu da se organizatori ne obaziru na “špekulacije iz medija”.
Samo dan nakon što su organizatorima upućena ova uverenja od
predstavnika MUP-a, Parada ponosa 2011. zabranjena je odlukom
Saveta za nacionalnu bezbednost, iz razloga opšte bezbednosti.5
3 Večernje novosti, 27.09.2011: http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/
aktuelno.69.html:346808-Policija-Akcija-Beograd-u-plamenu-tokom-Parade-ponosa
4 Alo! 07.10.2011: http://www.alo.rs/vesti/42356/Rojevima_pcela_na_
gejeve_i_policiju
5 Da li smo jednaki/e, slučajevi nasilja i diskriminacije prema LGBTIQ
osobama u 2011. godini, Labris, Beograd 2012.
Zapravo ono što stoji u rešenju je sledeće: Zabranjuje se održavajne javnog skupa i javnog skupa u pokretu, sazivača Udruženje
“Parada ponosa Beograd”, prijavljenog za dan 02.10.2011. godine
sa početkom od 11,00 časova u parku “Manjež”. U sprovedenom
postupku po prijavi utvrđeno je da su se stekli razlozi iz člana 11.
stav 1. Zakona o okupljanju građana Republike Srbije, odnosno da
na skupu može doći do ometanja javnog saobraćaja, ugrožavanja
zdravlja, javnog morala ili bezbednosti ljudi i imovine.6
Članovi organizacionog odbora Parade ponosa rekli su na konferenciji za novinare da je država odlukom da zabrani održavanje
Parade “kapitulirala” i da ne može da izađe na kraj sa huliganima.
Ono što vlasti nisu mogle zabraniti (budući da nije bilo formalne prijave) jeste skup koji je organizovalo oko dvadesetak lezbejki, gejeva i
prijatelja iz Srbije i inostranstva koji su se okupili u Studentskom parku u centru Beograda i održali javni LGBT događaj. Okupljanje koje
bi se moglo nazvati i “Piknik ponosa” predstavljalo je na izvestan način i cilj koji je želeo biti dostignut Paradom: “jedan od ciljeva Parade
ponosa je da ljudi prihvate prisustvo LGBT osoba kao normalnu, svakodnevnu pojavu, a ne kao neobični događaj koji se dešava jednom
godišnje. Zato smo mi krenuli obrnutim putem: umesto da čekamo
da se ova prava osvoje uličnim marševima, mi smo se ponašali onako kako bismo se ponašali u bilo kom slobodnom gradu u Evropi ili
Americi. Kao heterogena ali očigledno kvir skupina, sedeli smo na
sred Studenskog parka sa simbolima LGBT pokreta, razgovarali o situaciji u srpskom društvu, gradskoj sceni, alternativnoj kulturi i prosto
uživali u đakonijama koje smo poneli”.7
U samom organizacionom procesu dogodili su se neslavni presedani koji su Srbiju udaljili od civilizovanog sveta, poput zajedničkog saopštenja organizacije krajnje desnice i nezavisnog policijskog sindikata9, medijskog senzacionalističkog izveštavanja o
ekstremno ugroženoj bezbednosti učesnika skupa a bez ozbiljnih
informacija od strane policije u vezi sa tim navodima. Jednom rečju desio se poraz države, institucija i zakonskog poretka, desila se
kapitulacija države pred njenim huliganima i načinjen je značajan
korak unazad u borbi za ljudska prava, a vreme će pokazati koliko
će biti teško nadoknaditi taj gubitak.
Nešto ranije u toku istog dana, nakon konferencije za štampu,
održan je i “Prajd iznenađenja”. Tada je tridesetak aktivista/tkinja
LGBTIQ i drugih organizacija za zaštitu ljudskih prava na Terazijama zaustavilo saobraćaj, bacivši simbolično na ulicu farbu u duginim bojama i držeći transparent na kome je pisalo “Ljubav. Normalno”. Akcija je trajala svega nekoliko minuta ali je predstavljala
reakciju na zabranu slobodnog okupljanja.8
6 Zvanično rešenje Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova/direkcija policije/policijska uprava za grad Beograd/PS Savski Venac/Broj 212613/11/30.09.2011.
7 http://www.sekeljic.com/piknik-ponosa/
8 http://www.smedia.rs/vesti/vest/76516/LGBT-uduzenja-SaobracajParada-ponosa-Aktivisti-LGBT-zaustavili-saobracaj-na-Terazijama.html
Zabrinjavajuće je to što organizacioni odbor Parade nijednog momenta nije dovodio samo održavanje Parade u pitanje, kao i to da
nakon te odluke nije usledio nijedan poziv od strane ministara i
političara na debatu sa organizatorima Parade ponosa.
Izjave pojedinih političara nakon odluke o zabrani:
“Ako se Parada ponosa održi u zatvorenom prostoru, sigurno će
biti potpuno drugačija situacija. Nemoguće je pratiti sve koji pripremaju nasilje i nije moguće sve kontrolisati. Policija će kontaktirati organizatore Parade ponosa, ali i državni vrh, i još jednom će
im preneti da postoji veliki bezbednosni rizik od održavanja tog
skupa”, Ivica Dačić, ministar unutrašnjih poslova.
“U cilju zaštite svih građana, a u skladu sa bezbednosnom procenom nadležnih, država isuviše rizične događaje mora da odloži ili
zabrani. Na taj način štite se građani, pripadnici LGBT populacije,
i preveniraju posledice nasilja i mogući gubitak ljudskih života”,
Boris Tadić, predsednik Srbije
“Konačno smo pokazali da poštujemo tradicionalne vrednosti, a
ne nešto što ne priznaje ni SPC, ni Katolička crkva, ni muslimanska
9 http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2011&mm=09&
dd=22&nav_category=12&nav_id=543814
7
vera, niko od normalnih ljudi”, Dragan Marković, gradonačelnik
Jagodine10
“Šta još treba da se desi da se shvati da fašizam na velika vrata
ulazi u naš svakodnevni život i da je samo pitanje dana kada će
batinaši i ubice početi da kucaju na vrata svakoga ko im se suprotstavi? Ovo je teror koji će ako mu se ne stane na put početi da
uzima živote”, Nenad Čanak, predsednik LSV 11.
“Daleko od toga da je država kapitulirala i da su huligani jači od države, to su potpune besmislice. Država je uradila jedino što je mogla da uradi i što bi svaka normalna država uradila, da zabrani sve
skupove koji bi mogli da dovedu do ugrožavanja života i materijalnih dobara”, Milan Marković, ministar za ljudska i manjinska prava12.
Niko ne spori činjenicu da Srbija ima većih problema od održavanja Parade ponosa, ali insistiranje na njoj kao i pozivanje na tešku ekonomsku i političku situaciju kao opravdavajućih okolnosti
“zašto nam ne treba Prajd” od strane važnih političnih činilaca, u
krajnju ruku je dvostruko priznavanje poraza – jer vlast je ta čija je
dužnost da stvori bolji ekonomski i politički ambijent. Stvaranjem
uslova za održavanje Parade država treba da pokaže da ima pravni
kredibilitet.
Žalba protiv ovakve odluke države nalazi se pred Ustavnim Sudom
Srbije kao i pred Evropskim sudom za ljudska prava u Strazburu.13
10 http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Drustvo/280218/Zabranjeni-svi-skupoviza-vikend-kao-i-Parada-ponosa
11 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ep2iFldi0c
12 http://www.novimagazin.rs/vesti/ministar-drzava-nije-kapitulirala
13 Krajem 2011. godine (23. decembra) Ustavni sud je utvrdio da je organizatorima Parade ponosa 2009. godine povređena sloboda okupljanja i pravo na pravno sredstvo garantovano Ustavom Srbije. Ustavni sud
Srbije usvojio je ustavnu žalbu članova organizacionog odbora “Parade
ponosa 2009” koji su se žalili na odluku Direkcije policije MUP-a Srbije da
taj skup održe na Ušću, umesto u centru Beograda http://srb.time.mk/
read/043aa82a32/82c53f465f/index.html
8
Aktivnosti Labrisove pravne službe
Tokom 2011. godine Labrisovom pravnom savetovalištu obratilo
se šest osoba iz Srbije i jedna devojka iz BIH koja je zajedno sa
svojom devojkom bila višestruko diskriminisana zbog seksualne
orijentacije.
Slučajevi koji slede tiču se diskriminacije i uskraćivanja prava u
sektoru bezbednosti, obrazovanja, zdravstva, administracije i pružanja usluga.
Veliki broj poziva koje je primila pravna služba Labrisa (koji se ne
vode kao slučajevi) svodio se na raspitivanje o mogućnosti dobijanja azila u inostranstvu, te mogućnosti trajnog napuštanja Srbije
zbog kršenja osnovnih ljudskih prava i mogućnost sklapanja istopolnih brakova u zemljama Evrope koji nude tu opciju.
Preuzeto iz brošure: Da li smo jednaki/e, slučajevi nasilja i diskriminacije prema LGBTIQ osobama u 2011. godini, Labris, Beograd
2012:
Slučaj diskriminacije na osnovu očigledne seksualne orijentacije
u oblasti zdravstva prijavljen je Labrisu početkom 2011. godine,
a dogodio se kada je D.R. poželeo da postane dobrovoljni davalac krvi. Osnov po kojem je bio diskriminisan je bio odgovor na
upitnik Zavoda za transfuziologiju u ulici Svetog Save u Beogradu.
Naime, D.R. je na pitanje: “Da li ste imali analni seksualni odnos u
poslednjih 6 meseci?”, odgovorio potvrdno. Zbog davanja potvrdnog odgovora na to pitanje D.R. nije bio u mogućnosti da donira
krv. Kada je rekao da je gej i da je to uobičajeni vid seksualnog odnosa, sugerisano mu je da se uzdrži od seksualnih odnosa 6 meseci ukoliko, kako je sam rekao, želi da bude human. U nastavku je
svedočenje diskriminisanog momka:
“Ušao sam kod doktorke Tatjane Šoškic, 12.01.2011. oko 10h
pre podne i analizirala je moj upitnik koji sam prethodno popunio. Zaključila je da ne mogu dobrovoljno da dam krv zbog
toga što imam pirsing i zato što sam u poslednjih 6 meseci
praktikovao analni seks. Rekla je da pirsing može da proguta,
ali ne i činjenicu da sam u poslednjih 6 meseci imao analni
seksualni odnos. Kada sam joj rekao da sam ja human čovek i
da želim da pomognem ljudima kojima je to potrebno, ona je
odgovorila da mogu da budem human tek nakon perioda od
6 meseci u kojem neću upražnjavati analni seks.”
Odmah posle. D.R. je, nastojeći da istraje u svojoj odluci, otišao na
VMA (Vojno medicinsku akademiju) gde je bez problema donirao
krv. Labris je uputio zvaničan upit Zavodu za transfuziologiju gde
je zatražen razlog zbog kojeg pitanje u upitniku ne glasi: “Da li ste
imali nezaštićeni analni seksualni odnos u poslednjih 6 meseci?”. Iz
Zavoda nije upućen nikakav odgovor do danas. O ovoj diskriminatornoj praksi obaveštena je ILGA Europe, krovna LGBTIQ evropska
organizacija.
Labris je još 2006. godine sproveo akciju brisanja spornog pitanja
“Da li ste imali istopolne seksualne odnose?” iz upitnika za davanje krvi. Međutim, ostavljanje ovog pitanja na koje se D.R. požalio
predstavlja indirektnu diskriminaciju gej muškaraca koji žele da
budu donatori krvi, tako da prikrivena diskriminacija i dalje postoji. Takođe, navodi Poverenika za informacije od javnog značaja
i zaštitu podataka o ličnosti, gospodina Rodoljuba Šabića, a u vezi
sa ovim upitnikom, ukazuju na činjenicu da se podaci o ličnosti ne
čuvaju na adekvatan način. Ovaj upitnik sadrži veliki broj ličnih pitanja kao što su: ime, prezime, adresa, JMBG, i veliki broj podataka
o zdravstvenom stanju jedne osobe, a prema rečima poverenika
“čuvaju se vezani konopcem na tavanu” te ustanove.
Povodom diskriminacije u administrativnom postupku izdavanja
uverenja o bračnom statusu, Labrisu se obratila devojka u martu
2011. godine, zatraživši pomoć i savet zbog nepostojanja mogućnosti da to uverenje dobije od opštine u kojoj je upisana u Matičnu knjigu rođenih. Uverenje joj je bilo potrebno zbog zaključivanja istopolnog braka u zemlji EU koja to pravo poznaje, konkretno
u Španiji. Bitno je napomenuti da je u svrhu izdavanja Uverenja o
slobodnom bračnom stanju neophodno podneti zahtev u kome
se navodi svrha uverenja, izvod iz matične knjige rođenih, uverenje o državljanstvu, uverenje o prebivalištu, ali i fotokopija lične
karte i fotokopija pasoša budućeg bračnog partnera/ke. Kada je
službenica opštine saznala da se radi o zaključivanju istopolnog
braka, rekla je da takvo uverenje nije moguće izdati14.
U julu 2011. godine, gej muškarac V.P. se sa istim problemom
obratio Pokrajinskom ombudsmanu Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine. Kao i u prethodnom slučaju, V.P. je zatražio pomoć i savet
zbog nemogućnosti da dobije uverenje o bračnom statusu od
Opštine Šid, a koje mu je bilo potrebno zbog zaključivanja braka sa istopolnom osobom u inostranstvu. Službenici Opštine su
njegov zahtev za izdavanje uverenja odbili, uz objašnjenje da se
na osnovu važećeg Porodičnog zakona uverenje ne može izdati.
Pokrajinski ombudsman je u ovom slučaju adekvatno reagovao,
ispitao postupanje Opštine Šid, utvrdio određene nepravilnosti i
nedoslednosti i zatražio mišljenje nadležnog ministarstva. Uvideći
da ne postoje jasna normativna određenja i uputstva u ovakvim
situacijama, i da lokalne samouprave donose arbitrarne odluke
koje su često diskriminatorne, Pokrajinski ombudsman je odlučio
da ispita postupanje svih 45 opština u AP Vojvodini. Prvi rezultati
pokazuju da lokalne samouprave po ovim zahtevima postupaju
različito i da je potrebno usaglašavanje procedura, kako bi se na
jednak i nediskriminatoran način postupalo u svim opštinama.
Nakon analize svih prikupljenih podataka, Pokrajinski ombudsman namerava da izda uputstvo svim lokalnim samoupravama.
Da ova problematika sa dokumentacijom nije usamljeni slučaj
pokazuje i saopštenje Gej-lezbijskog info centra (GLIC) u kojem
se navodi da “Srbija ne dozvoljava svojim državljanima da uđu u
bračnu zajednicu sa osobama istog pola ni u inostranstvu, jer u
tom slučaju odbija da im izda Uverenje o slobodnom bračnom
stanju”15. Gej-lezbejskom info centru se obratio gej muškarac, državljanin Srbije sa trenutnim prebivalištem u Austriji koji želi da
registruje istopolnu zajednicu sa austrijskim državljaninom istog
pola. U saopštenju se dalje navodi: “Kada službenici vide da su u
pitanju osobe istog pola, oni na osnovu Porodičnog zakona Republike Srbije odbijaju taj zahtev i time ne dozvoljavaju da gej brak
bude sklopljen u inostranstvu. Smatramo da takvom praksom
15 Saopštenje za javnost - GLIC; 14.12.2011 - http://gayecho.com/
glic/?p=424
9
uverenje prestaje da bude uverenje, već počinje da bude dozvola,
odnosno odobrenje!”16.
čunom jer je gej mladić dao sav novac koji je imao. Žrtva nije želela da slučaj prijavi policiji.
Ovde se postavlja pitanje na koji način će lezbejke i gejevi iz Srbije
biti u mogućnosti da zaključe brak u bilo kojoj zemlji ako nailaze
na ovakvu prepreku u svojoj, koju su između ostalog i zbog toga
prinuđeni da napuste? S obzirom da raniji slučajevi ovog oblika
diskriminacije nisu zvanično zabeleženi, pretpostavlja se da su
zbog izbegavanja ovakvih neprijatnosti pripadnici neheteroseksualne manjine bili prinuđeni da navode lažne razloge za izdavanje uverenja i time sami kršili zakon. Labris će tokom 2012. godine
raditi na izmeni ove diskriminatorne prakse.
Slučaj D.J. koja se sredinom godine požalila na prekoračenje
nadležnosti jednog policijskog inspektora kao i povredu prava na
poštovanje privatnog i porodičnog života, nepovredivost stana i
podataka o ličnosti, još uvek je u toku.
Labrisova pravna služba je na zahtev M.S. sredinom godine izdala
dokumentovano zvanično uverenje o naročito teškom položaju
LGBTIQ osoba u Srbiji kako bi pomogla M.S. da kompletira dokumentaciju potrebnu za ostvarivanje prava na azil jer je između
ostalog M.S. napustila zemlju zbog osećaja ugrožene bezbednosti.
Novosađanin R.M. obratio se sredinom 2011. godine Labrisu tražeći savet u vezi sa postupanjem predsednika kućnog saveta zgrade
u kojoj je sa svojim partnerom iznajmljivao stan. Naime, predsednik kućnog saveta je vršio psihičku torturu kad god bi sreo R.M.
na hodniku. Taj psihički pritisak bi se sastojao od niza neprijatnih
pitanja koja su zadirala u njegovu intimu i narušavala pravo na privatnost. Nakon nekoliko meseci konstantnog uznemiravanja od
strane predsednika kućnog saveta, R.M. je rešio da pronađe stan
na nekoj drugoj adresi. Nije želeo da pokreće nikakav postupak.
U noći izmedju 20. i 21. oktobra gej mladić je napadnut i opljačkan
u Pionirskom parku, u neposrednoj blizini gej kluba Pleasure. U
napadu su učestvovala dva napadača od kojih je jedan imao nož.
Iako se može izvesti zaključak da je napad bio motivisan razbojništvom, žrtva pljačke navodi da mu je prilikom napada jedan od
napadača rekao “Pederčino, znamo odakle si izašao17, daj pare!”.
“Na sreću”, incident se završio samo pljačkom, a ne i fizičkim obra16 Ibid
17 Misleći pritom na obližnji gej klub, “Pleasure”
10
Naime D.J. je više meseci od početka 2011. godine, najverovatnije zbog svog aktivističkog angažovanja, praćena i ucenjivanja
od strane policijskog inspektora te je rešila da slučaj prijavi. Labris je podneo predstavku Povereniku za informacije od javnog
značaja i zaštitu podataka o ličnosti koja je dalje upućena Sektoru
unutrašnje kontrole policije Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije. U dopisu dobijenom od strane glavnog policijskog
savetnika, Siniše Španovića navodi se da je “na osnovu izvršenih
provera utvrđeno da je policijski službenik prilikom preduzimanja službenih mera i radnji prema D.J. postupio profesionalno i u
skladu sa zakonskim ovlašćenjima”. Budući da se ovo rešenje u
mnogome ne podudara sa onim što je D.J. izjavila, postupak je
nastavljen radi konačnog dokazivanja prekoračenja ovlašćenja i
svega gore navedenog”.18
Labrisu se obratila i M.H. iz Bosne i Hercegovine, koja je zajedno sa
devojkom diskriminisana zbog uskraćivanja usluga i lošeg policijskog tretmana.
Na adresu jedne devojke stigla je prekršajna prijava zbog
remećenja javnog reda i mira. Sadržaj te prijave:
Na osnovu člana 40 i 41 zakona o prekršajima Federacije Bosne i
Hercegovine (službene novine F BIH , broj 31/06) prva policijska
uprava, policijska stanica centar, kao ovlašteni organ, podnosim
ZAHTJEV ZA POKRETANJE PREKRŠAJNOG POSTUPKA PROTIV xx
što su na dan 21.12.2010. oko 22:35 sati u kafiću Korner narušavali
javni red i mir i fizičkim napadom na drugo lice i naročito drskim
ponašanjem.
osobama u 2011 godini, Labris, Beograd 2012.
Važno je skrenuti pažnju da su se za “naročito drsko ponašanje”
podrazumevali poljupci između dve devojke, a njihov pokušaj da
se odupru od momka iz obezbeđenja koji je nastojao da ih izbaci
napolje preko stepenica, podvodi se pod “napad na drugo lice”.
Policijski službenici su se prilikom obraćanja ponašali kao da je reč
o devojkama koje su već okrivljene, umesto da vode uredan zapisnik o izjavama koje su navodno uzimali od devojaka, ostavili su
prazan papir. Devojkama je zaprećeno da će biti uhapšene ukoliko
ne predaju lične karte.
Na sreću, rasplet prvog LGBT slučaja institucionalne homofobije u
Bosni i Hercegovini ipak je pozitivan – M.H. je oslobođena optužbi.19
Tokom 2011. godine dogodio se i niz napada i slučajeva diskriminacije koji su imali veliki odjek u medijima. Međutim, broj napada
ili slučajeva diskriminacije nije moguće sa preciznošću utvrditi
budući da postoji veliko nepoverenje diskriminisanih osoba u institucije i strah od sekundarne viktimizacije, a sa druge strane ne
postoji statistika u redovima policije o slučajevima napada na ljude
zbog stvarne ili pretpostavljene istopolne seksualne orijentacije.
Naime, za potrebe pisanja brošure o slučajevima nasilja i diskriminacije prema LGBTIQ osobama u 2011. godini, Labris je pozivajući
se na pravo na slobodan pristup informacijama od javnog značaja,
uputio zvaničan zahtev MUP-u tražeći informaciju o broju napada
na osobe zbog stvarne ili pretpostavljene istopolne seksualne orijentacije. Zvaničnim dopisom iz MUP-a koji je stigao na adresu Labrisa, potvrđeno je da takva vrsta evidencije u MUP-u ne postoji.
Slučajevi nasilja prema LGBTIQ osobama koji su
privukli medijsku pažnju
Napad u kome je povređena A. Ž. i koji je bio povod organizovanja protesta ispred zgrade Vlade, dogodio se u noći izmedju 14. i
15. oktobra, oko 4.30 časova u centru grada, u ulici carice Milice.
Ministar unutrašnjih poslova Ivica Dačić izjavio20 je da je počinilac
uhapšen, ali da mu sudije “nisu odredile policijsko zadržavanje, jer
je maloletan”. Prema informacijama iz medija i saopštenja GSA,
A.Ž. su napala tri napadača koja su nju i njene dve prijateljice pratila od Zelenog Venca do ugla ulica Carice Milice i Maršala Birjuzova, gde se napad i dogodio. Nakon što su primetili da A. Ž. na
sebi ima obeležja LGBT pokreta, jedan od njih je uz psovke nasrnuo na nju više puta uzvikujući pitanje da li je ona lezbejka. Ubrzo
zatim je počeo da je udara, a onda potegao i nož i napao je. A. Ž.
je u napadu zadobila duboku povredu desne šake sa presečenim
tetivama dva prsta, kontuziju glave i više masnica i oderotina po
telu, koje joj je napadač naneo udarcima pesnicama i nogom. A. Ž.
je pretrpela oštećenje tetiva desne šake.
I. J. napadnut je 31. oktobra rano ujutro u Temerinskoj ulici u Novom Sadu. Dvadesetrogodišnji mladić pretučen je i ostavljen da
leži bez svesti. Napadači su pobegli. “Kada sam se rastao sa drugarom u Temerinskoj ulici, u susret su mi išla dva mladića starosti oko
30 godina. Jedan od njih me je uhvatio za ruku i odmah pesnicama počeo besomučno da udara u glavu, dok je drugi sve to nemo
posmatrao. Od silnih udaraca sam se onesvestio i od tog trenutka
se ničega više ne sećam”, reči su napadnutog mladića. Mladić je
zadobio frakturu nosa i mnogobrojne podlive, a nakon napada
je ostavljen da leži bez svesti u lokvi krvi skoro dva sata. Prema
navodima I.J. napad je bio motivisan mržnjom prema homoseksualcima. Nema informacija dokle se stiglo sa procesuiranjem ovog
slučaja.
Slučaj koji je verovatno najpotresniji, jeste slučaj diskriminacije i
nasilja zbog pretpostavljene seksualne orijentacije nad učenikom
šestog razreda osnovne škole “Janko Veselinović” u Beogradu.
19 http://www.sutra.ba/novost/52667/Homofobni-incident-u-kaficuKorner-u-Sarajevu
20 Napad zbog LGBT majice – Kurir; 16.10.2011
http://www.kurir-info.rs/crna-hronika/napad-zbog-lgbt-majice-137150.php
11
Slučaj je dospeo u medije kada je nakon statusa na društvenoj
mreži Facebook, očajna majka ovog šestaka, postavila status u kojem navodi da je njeno dete na novogodišnjoj proslavi
škole, po ko zna koji put, žrtva psihičkog i fizičkog maltretiranja.
Dvanaestogodišnji V.R. za novine priča kako u poslednjih godinu i
po dana trpi svakodnevno maltretiranje: “Govore mi da sam peder, gej, devojčica, peško, kreten... Mislim da to rade zato što nisam
takav kao oni, što sam niži, slabiji. Kad su me udarali, pokušavao
sam da im vratim ali bezuspešno, uvek ih je bilo više. Jednom su
me jurila njih trojica i bežeći od njih uleteo sam u kuću kroz prozor,
pošto smo živeli u prizemlju.”21
Poslednji slučaj na koji se požalio novinarima jeste na školskoj
proslavi Nove godine u klubu Trezor, tom prilikom je izjavio: “U
utorak uveče bio sam na toj proslavi. Prvih pola sata sve je bilo u
redu. Onda su me napali. Reč je o petorici dečaka iz razreda koji
me neprestano zlostavljaju i psihički i fizički. Počeli su da me gurkaju i govore mi: ‘Peško, čudaku’, a zatim su me šutirali po nogama.
Pokušao sam da se odbranim, ali bezuspešno.”22
Povodom ovog slučaja, direktor škole Dragan Stanković dao je
svoja uverenja novinarima da će rešiti problem. Međutim, Labris
smatra da rešavanje pojedinačnog problema neće rešiti problem
sa kojim se sigurno suočava još mnogo učenika i učenica za čiji
slučaj novinari nisu čuli. Očigledno je da propusti nastavnika i ostalog osoblja dozvoljavaju da se ovakav scenario svakodnevno
ponavlja. Labris za slučaj V.R. (12), saznaje putem mrežnih medija.
Kroz program edukacije Labris sprovodi senzibilizaciju obrazovnih institucija sa osnovnom idejom edukacije nastavnog kadra
o istopolnoj orijentaciji i problemima sa kojima se pripadnici ove
populacije mogu susresti u najranjivijim godinama odrastanja te
se nadamo da će ova edukacija dati dugoročne rezultate.
21 Mali Vuk: Stalno me guraju, šutiraju, nazivaju kretenom - Press
online; 30.12.2011 - http://www.pressonline.rs/sr/vesti/vesti_dana/
story/195470/Mali%20Vuk:%20Stalno%20me%20guraju,%20
%C5%A1utiraju,%20nazivaju%20kretenom.html
22 12
Ibid
Takođe vrlo otvoren govor mržnje i netrepeljivost od strane onih od
kojih se to najmanje očekuje, dogodio se početkom nove školske
godine, krajem septembra 2011. godine. Profesorka engleskog
jezika u srednjoj školi u Novom Sadu, Jelena Popović-Ivanović je
preko svoje Facebook stranice širila nacionalnu mržnju i pozivala
na nasilje nad istopolno orijentisanim osobama. Zabrinjavajuće je
da je veliki broj đaka podržalo njene izjave.
Pomenuta profesorica engleskog jezika je na svojoj fb stranici
problem transparentnosti LGBT osoba opisala na sledeći način:
“Manjine nikad ne smeju imati ista prava kao većinski narod! Ovo
je naša zemlja, srpska, bre!”
“Kada vam neko ne da prava da budete normalni u Srbiji, odvalite
ga, bre, od batina!”
“Jeste, pederi su bolesnici i treba ih se kloniti, ignorisati, zanemarivati i ućutkati na sve načine, jer vrše propagandu bolesti!” 23
Prema rečima direktora škole povodom ovog slučaja sazvana je
prosvetna inspekcija koja je trebalo da odluči o sudbini profesorke
koja u Srednjoj mašinskoj školi radi već sedam godina. Trenuto ne
postoji informacija o tome da li je preduzeta ikakva vrsta sankcije
prema ovom otvorenom govoru mržnje i pozivu na nasilje.
Slučaj koji je izazvao najviše medijske pažnje osim događaja koji su
pratili organizaciju i otkazivanje Parade ponosa 2011, jeste slučaj
javnog deklarisanja devetnaestogodišnjeg mladića iz Kuršumlije
Stefana Radovića putem nedeljnika “NIN”. On se obratio javnosti
nakon što su ga se roditelji odrekli i nakon što je napustio dom.
Ovaj događaj je postao jedna od glavnih tema skoro svih medija u Srbiji. Kasnije, mediji su počeli da se interesuju za slučaj u
nešto drugačijem svetlu, te Stefanov slučaj nije ostao samo priča
o homofobiji sa kojom se suočavaju gejevi u malim sredinama,
već je počeo da poprima narativ žute štampe. Na kraju, jedini relevantni izvor informacije o tome šta se dogodilo sa Stefanom jesu
saopštenja nevladinih organizacija24.
23 http://www.smedia.rs/vesti/vest/75422/Novi-Sad-Fejsbuk-Profesorka-Mrznja-na-fejsbuku-sirila-mrznju.html
Pritužbe Poverenici za zaštitu ravnopravnosti
Labris je tokom 2011. godine podneo tri pritužbe Poverenici za
zaštitu ravnopravnosti zbog diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne
orijentacije i govora mržnje.
Pritužba podneta u aprilu 2011. godine odnosila se na slučaj “System bilbord”, povodom bilborda na kojima su se nalazile fotografije gej i lezbejskog para sa natpisom “upravo venčani”, postavljeni
kao deo izložbe “By the way”, od kojih je jedan koji prikazuje gej
par, uklonjen zbog pritužbi predstavnika medija i Srpske pravoslavne crkve vlasniku bilborda.
Naime, dvanaest austrijskih umetnika je pored izlaganja svojih
dela u Muzeju savremene umetnosti Vojvodine (MSUV) u Novom
Sadu, zakupilo i bilborde do 21. aprila kao izložbeni prostor izlaganja. Međutim, firma “System bilbordi” koja je postavila bilborde
gej i lezbejskih parova, uklonila ih je zbog kako su naveli pritiska
javnosti, ne objašnjavajući šta to konkretno znači. Kako se kasnije
saznaje iz mišljenja poverenice (919/2011) nalog za uklanjanje bilborda došao je od vlasnika bilborda od kojeg je zakupljen bilbord
od strane “System Bilbordi”. Stoga je mišljenje poverenice da Dalibor Prodanović, vlanik i direktor SZTR System bilbord iz Bečeja, za
kojeg je Labris podneo prijavu nije izvršio akt diskriminacije. U pribavljenom izjašnjenju Dalibora Prodanovića, navedeno je sledeće:
“System bilbordi” je krajem 2010. kontaktirao MSUV radi reklamiranja izložbe austrijskih umetnika na bilbordima u Novom Sadu
ali je kampanja pomerena za mart 2011. Kasnije u februaru, ovu
firmu je kontaktirao institut iz Graca i u saradnji i uz konsultacije
sa MSUV izabrane su dve lokacije u gradu gde će se izložiti radovi
umetnika (Uspenska ulica i ugao Bulevara Jaše Tomića i Kisačke).
U firmi “System bilbordi” navode da ugovor sa institutom iz Austrije nije potpisan, a da je usmeni dogovor bio da plakati budu
na bilbordima četiri nedelje. Međutim, plakati su postavljeni 21.
marta 2011. ali ih je posle sedam dana vlasnik bilborda u Uspenskoj ulici kontaktirao i objasnio da ima pritužbe od strane novinara
i SPC i da se plaši da će mu bilbord biti oštećen. Tada se direktor
“Sistem Bilborda” obratio Živku Grozdaniću direktoru MSUV koji je
izjavio da su zadovoljni efektom koji su plakati postigli i da nema
potrebe da se plakat posle skidanja vraća. Dalibor Prodanović, direktor “System bilbordi” napominje da niko od zaposlenih u ovoj
firmi nema nikakvih predrasuda i da će reklamirati sve što nije u
suprotnosti sa Ustavom i zakonima Republike Srbije.
Druga pritužba poslata na adresu poverenice upućena je protiv
Dragana Davidovića, monaha Antonija koji je u 30. septembra
2011. na konferenciji za novinare u Medija centru izjavio da će
“i ove godine pokušati da spreči paradu” koju je nazvao “paradom srama i paradom seksualnih izopačenika te propagandnim,
skrnavim veseljem zabludelih gej jadnika”25 navodeći da je ona
“demonsko ismevanje suštine bića ovog naroda”.
Na osnovu ove pritužbe ne postoji zvanično rešenje na internet
prezentaciji Poverenika za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, ali Labrisu kao
podnosiocu zahteva, dostavljeno je rešenje da je upućen zahtev
Draganu Davidoviću da se izjasni na navode iz pritužbe ali da je
dopis vraćen sa naznakom pošte da se Dragan Davidović preselio u Valjevo. Poverenik za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, prema saznanjima Labrisa nema ovlašćenja da zatraži novu adresu Dragana
Davidovića.
Treća pritužba koja je podneta u oktobru u ime koalicije protiv
diskriminacije odnosi se na diskriminatorne homofobične izjave
profesora univerziteta Megatrend, Milana Brdara koji je na predavanju na predmetu Teorija javnog mnjenja, 5. oktobra 2011. godine izneo stav da je homoseksualnost bolest “kao što je čir na
želudcu” i da je treba lečiti. Na pitanje studentkinje šta bi trebalo
da bude lek za homoseksualnost, profesor Brdar je odgovorio promena pola. U slučaju profesora Brdara, zatraženo je da se izjasni na navode iz pritužbe. Još uvek nije dobijeno mišljenje za
ovaj slučaj.
Labris smatra da ovi slučajevi jasno ukazuju na ograničenja i
poteškoće na koja nailazi poverenica za zaštitu ravnopravnosti u
svom radu. Naime poverenik za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, u okviru
25 http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2011&mm=09&
dd=30&nav_id=545851
13
nadležnosti izrečenih Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije26, postupa isključivo po pritužbama građana i organizacija za zaštitu ljudskih prava27 i nema mogućnost samostalnog pokretanja postupka.
Tako da ukoliko poverenik utvrdi da je diskriminaciju izvršilo neko
treće lice koje nije obuhvaćeno prijavom, neće biti u mogućnosti
da pokrene postupak ali sa druge strane zbog poverljivosti neće
biti u mogućnosti da tu informaciju podeli sa podnosiocem
pritužbe, kako bi se postupak ponovo pokrenuo. Takođe, po ovim
pritužbama moguće je zaključiti da diskriminaciju može vršiti svako lice koje ne živi na adresi prijavljenog stalnog prebivališta jer
postupak neće biti moguć u tom slučaju. Mišljenje Labrisa je da
institucija poverenika za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, iako nezavisna,
mora imati mogućnost za jaču saradnju sa institucijama poput
policije i javnog tužilaštva, u prikupljanju podataka neophodnih
za postupanje po prijavama kao i za pokretanje postupaka pred
sudom za svaki slučaj gde se utvrdi postojanje diskriminacije.
U 2011. godini prema zvaničnim podacima kancelarije poverenika za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, podneto je devet predmeta u vezi
sa ovim ličnim svojstvom (seksualna orjentacija). U dva je to bilo
samo jedno od ličnih svojstava jer su navedena i još neka. Od devet, dva su još u radu, u jednom je data preporuka a ostali su ili
odbačeni /obustavljeni ili nije utvrđeno da postoji diskriminacije
u skladu sa zakonom28.
26 Stav 1, član 33. Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije - Službeni glasnik RS,
22/2009
27 Pravilnik o radu Poverenika za zaštitu od diskriminacije, Član 15 –
Službeni glasnik RS, 34/2011
14
Odnos medija prema LGBT temama
Činjenica je da mediji, iako predstavljaju instrument senzibilizacije šire javnosti, u većini slučajeva podržavaju vladajuću društvenu
strukturu i zbog toga je neophodan monitoring medijske stvarnosti koji bi utvrdio prisutnost stereotipizacije, tabloidizacije, getoizacije kao i senzacionalizacije LGBT tema u medijskom diskursu.
Kako se navodi u Labrisovoj publikaciji “LGBT populacija u
štampanim medijima u Srbiji u 2011. godini”: Iako danas savremeni mediji imaju složeniji i višeznačni pogled na rod i seksualnost više nego ikada ranije, medijske slike LGBT populacije pokazuju da je to grupacija koja i dalje ne dobija dovoljno prostora u
štampanim i elektronskim medijima, a pojavljivanja i tematizacije
su periodični. Iako je lezbejska i gej tematika dugo dominirala u
okviru zabavnog programa, tekstovi o LGBT populaciji poslednjih godina su zbog organizovanja Parade ponosa i susreta sa
političarima najzastupljeniji u rubrikama društvo i politika.
Ključni događaji o kojima su mediji izveštavali tokom 2011. su:
Parada ponosa 2011, 17. maj - Međunarodni dan borbe protiv homofobije i transfobije, predstavljanje godišnjeg izveštaja Gej strejt
alijanse (GSA) o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Srbiji “Korak
po korak” (prisustvo gradonačelnika Dragana Đilasa svakako je
doprinelo povećanju broja članaka), Međunarodni dan ponosa
razvijanjem zastave duginih boja s balkona Ministarstva za ljudska
i manjinska prava, skup DOSTA JE koji je organizovala Gej strejt
alijansa ispred zgrade Vlade Srbije u znak protesta zbog napada
na A.Ž. (24) koja je nosila majicu sa obeležjima LGBT zajednice.
Većina dnevnih listova (Pravda, Dnevnik, Politika, Blic, Press, Kurir,
Večernje novosti) je izveštavala o suđenju vođi Obraza Mladenu
Obradoviću za diskriminaciju LGBT osoba, kao i Miši Vaciću lideru
organizacije Naši 1389, zbog rasne i druge diskriminacije. Najveći
broj tekstova je srednje veličine (do 300 reči), ali ono što je važno
je da su gotovo svi nepotpisani i da je u sadržaju odsutan kontekstualni i politički prevod nasilja. Osim toga, registrovano je i
ponavljanje obrasca u slučaju medijskih članaka o presudi Višeg
suda u Beogradu koji je osudio izgrednike zbog nereda tokom
Parade ponosa u Beogradu 10. oktobra 2010. godine. Internacionalni i regionalni događaji o kojima se intenzivno izveštavalo to-
kom same realizacije su odobrenje sklapanja istopolnih brakova
u saveznoj državi Njujork (jun 2011), otkazana Parada ponosa u
Podgorici (maj 2011), nasilje na Paradi ponosa u Splitu (jun 2011).
Iako je neutralna kontekstualizacija LGBT tematike najprisutnija u medijskom diskursu, LGBT zajednica je i dalje izložena
govoru mržnje.29 Terminologija koja se koristi često je uvredljiva
i diskriminišuća, a televizije i štampani mediji, suprotno Zakonu
o radiodifuziji, emituju govor mržnje usmeren prema osobama
koje su drugačije seksualne orijentacije od heteroseksualne. Nepostojanje sankcija i relativizacija govora mržnje i nasilja u javnom diskursu obezbeđuju materijalne uslove za širenje atmosfere netolerancije i linča prema pripadnicima gej populacije. Tako
je Dragan Marković Palma nakon što je Prvi osnovni sud u Beogradu doneo prvostepenu presudu zbog teškog oblika diskriminacije LGBT osoba i zabranio mu da ponavlja izvršenu diskriminaciju, svim medijima dao izjavu da je “ponosan na kaznu ako
je on doprineo tome da se ne održi parada srama u Beogradu”.
Pored toga, iako Mitropolit Srpske pravoslavne crkve Amfilohije
Radović nije postupio po preporuci Poverenice za zaštitu ravnopravnosti Nevene Petrušic i izvinio se gej populaciji zbog “izjave
o smradu sodomskom”, protiv njega nikad nije podignuta tužba
zbog govora mržnje o učesnicima Parade ponosa 2010. Odsustvo
reakcije institucionalne, društvene ili medijske kritike predstavlja
ohrabrenje svim onima koji svakodnevno koriste govor mržnje i
pravdaju nasilje protiv pripadnika različitih manjinskih grupa.
Uprkos Zakonu o javnom informisanju koji zabranjuje objavljivanje informacija koje podstiču nasilje, mržnju, diskriminaciju na osnovu seksualne orijentacije, jezik diskriminacije i govora mržnje još
uvek je prisutan u našem javnom i medijskom prostoru. Medijski
sadržaj je i ove godine pokazao praksu ponavljanja homofobičnih,
patrijarhalnih, diskriminatornih obrazaca u novom/starom medi29 Nema precizne i opšteprihvaćene međunarodne definicije govora mržnje. Komitet ministara Saveta Evrope u Preporuci br. 20 o govoru mržnje
iz 1997. godine saglasan je da se pod terminom “govor mržnje” podrazumevaju svi oblici izražavanja koji šire, podstiču, promovišu ili opravdavaju
mržnju među rasama, ksenofobiju, anti-semitizam ili druge oblike mržnje
zasnovane na netoleranciji uključujući: netoleranciju izraženu kroz
agresivni nacionalizam, etnocentričnost, diskriminaciju ili neprijateljstvo
prema manjinama, imigrantima i ljudima imigrantskog porekla.
jskom okruženju u društvenom kontekstu koji se iznova obnavlja u strahu od drugosti i različitosti. Važno je da oni koji medijski
sadržaj proizvode budu svesni odgovornosti javne reči i uticaja,
ali i da im je po svim etičkim novinarskim kodeksima obaveza
ne samo da redovno izveštavaju i daju prostor manjinama već i
da pažljivo pišu o temama koje se referiraju na LGBT populaciju
imajući u vidu položaj tih grupa u našem društvu i sve negativne
predrasude koje opstaju kao dominantna vrednosna matrica koja
ih prati.
Prema medijskom monitoringu Labrisa u toku 2011. godine u
domaćim dnevnim štampanim medijima objavljeno je 1785 tekstova u kojima se navodi LGBT terminologija.30
30 LGBT populacija u štampanim medijima u Srbiji u 2011. godini,
Jelena Višnjić 2012.
15
Ostale aktivnosti Labrisa
Program Javno zagovaranje lobiranje i pravna pomoć
Pored aktivnog učešča u organizacionom procesu Parade ponosa,
koordinatorka javnog zagovaranja, lobiranja i pravne pomoći je
u ime Labrisa putem zajedničkih saopštenja koalicije protiv diskriminacije, zajedno sa drugim LGBTIQ organizacijama, a ponekad
i samostalno više puta reagovala na kršenja ljudskih prava i diskriminaciju ispoljenu u javnoj sferi, putem saopštenja, pritužbi,
protesta.
Koordinatorka programa je vršila monitoring suđenja optuženima
za diskriminaciju i nasilje nad LGBTIQ osobama.
Tokom 2011. godine donete su neke od najznačajnijih presuda u
korist emancipacije prava LGBTIQ populacije.
Međutim i pored toga što su od neprocenjive važnosti, izrečene
kazne počiniocima prekršaja i krivičnih dela protiv LGBTIQ populacije su više nego simbolične i pokazuju da država nije odlučna
da reši problem homofobije i adekvatno kazni nasilje. Takođe,
dužina postupaka i broj predmeta koji su još uvek pred sudovima
svedoče o nedovljnim naporima da se zaštite prava ove manjinske
grupe.
Protiv okrivljenih lidera organizacija “Obraz” i “SNP 1389 Naši”,
Mladena Obradovića i Miše Vacića, pred Prvim opštinskim sudom
u Beogradu je 30. oktobra 2009. godine podignut optužni predlog Kt.br.2260/2009. Njih dvojica se terete da su izvršili krivično
delo “rasna i druga diskriminacija” iz člana 387. stav 4. Krivičnog
zakonika Republike Srbije i to predstavlja prvi put da se u istoriji
domaćeg pravosuđa ovaj član zakona koristi zbog nasilja i diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije.
Na glavnom pretresu 25. oktobra 2010. godine, došlo je do razdvajanja postupka koji se vodi protiv Mladena Obradovića
(K.23953/10) od postupka koji se vodi protiv Miše Vacića (K4071/2010) jer se Vaciću stavlja na teret i nedozvoljeno posedovanje oružja.
16
Mladenu Obradoviću se u procesu K.23953/10 pred Prvim osnovnim sudom u Beogradu stavlja na teret da je u periodu od 13.
do 20. septembra 2009. godine širio i predstavljao ideje koje zagovaraju diskriminaciju zasnovanu na seksualnoj orijentaciji, tako što
je organizovao pisanje grafita preteće i uvredljive sadržine “Smrt
pederima”, “Beogradom krv će liti, gej parade neće biti”, “Pederi
čekamo vas” kao i da je na svom računaru izrađivao propagandni
materijal – oglase, plakate, flajere, nalepnice i javne pozive u vezi
sa učesnicima skupa – rasna i druga diskriminacija iz člana 387 st.4
KZ55. Krivični postupak je započet 25. oktobra 2009. godine.
55 Krivični zakon Republike Srbije (“Sl. glasnik RS”, br. 85/2005,
88/2005 - ispr., 107/2005 - ispr., 72/2009 i 111/2009)28
Postupak protiv Mladena Obradovića zbog širenja mržnje i netrpeljivosti uoči Parade ponosa 2009. godine još uvek je u toku
ali je pred Višim sudom u Beogradu u aprilu 2011. godine osuđen
na dve godine zatvora, nepravosnažno. Obradović je optužen za
organizovanje nereda tokom Parade ponosa 10. oktobra 2010.
godine, on je sa još trojicom optuženih organizovao nerede,
odredivši grupe koje će činiti nasilje radi izazivanja mržnje na
diskriminatorskoj osnovi. Sudija Danko Laušević je prilikom izricanja presude naveo da je “sud proglasio optužene krivim jer su
početkom oktobra u stanu u Bulevaru Mihajla Pupina kolovođe
Mladen Obradović, Damir Grbić i Krsta Milovanović održali sastanak na kojem su odredili vođe grupa za izazivanje nasilja”.
Članovi “Obraza” Krsto Milovanović i Damir Grbić osuđeni su
na po godinu i šest meseci zatvora, dok su ostali optuženi za
učestvovanje u neredima osuđeni na kazne od osam meseci do
godinu zatvora.
Obradovićeva trudna supruga, Jelena Čalić osuđena je na godinu
dana kućnog pritvora.
Lider i portparol SNP “1389 Naši” optužen da je u periodu od 18.
do 20. septembra 2009. godine širio i predstavljao ideje koje zagovaraju diskriminaciju pripadnika LGBT populacije, tako što je
pribavljao i širio propagandni materijal, nalepnice sa tekstom
“Nećemo gej paradu, hoćemo patriotsku vladu” i u sredstvima ja-
vnog informisanja davao izjave preteće sadržine (Krivični zakon,
član 387). Krivični postupak broj K – 4071/2010 počeo je 25. oktobra 2009. godine. Od trenutka razdvajanja postupka u odnosu
na Obradovića, u procesu protiv Vacića održana su četiri glavna
pretresa, a šest nije održano.
Na poslednjem pretresu saslušani su: Violeta Vacić, majka optuženog, Željko Marković, policijski inspektor, Slobodan
Isailović, policijski inspektor i Slobodan Škugović.
Predstavnici/ce organizacija Labris i GSA pojavili su se i u slučaju
Obradovića i u slučaju Vacića u svojstvu svedoka. Ostaje da se
vidi da li će se konačno pokazati osetljivost na nasilje i pretnje
koje konstantno dolaze od strane lidera ovih ekstremističkih organizacija i pokazati da smo ozbiljna država koja je spremna da
osudi ekstremizam. Opširniji izveštaji sa suđenja dostupni su u
arhivi Labrisa.
Koordinatorka istog programa je u radnim posetama Strazburu,
Briselu i Varšavi – (prilikom posete sednice OEBS-a o ljudskoj
dimenziji) kao i prilikom susreta sa zvaničnicima, isticala kao
ključne probleme povezane sa ljudskim pravima LGBTIQ osoba
u Srbiji: Nepostojanje spremnosti države da se pozabavi liderima desničarskih organizacija koji postaji sve glasniji i sve organizovaniji, odsustvo spremnosti da ih na adekvatan način osudi
za prekršaje koje su počinili, čest govor mržnje u javnoj sferi, u
prvom redu od strane političara, izostajanje reakcije RBA na
govor mržnje, nepostojanje govora mržnje i zločina iz mržnje u
Krivičnom zakoniku, slaba implementacija zakona o zabrani diskriminacije.
Pod pokroviteljstvom ILGA Europe, u okviru programa javno zagovaranje, lobiranje i pravna pomoć organizovana je regionalna
konferencija “Uspešne strategije lobiranja za unapređenje LGBTIQ
prava – Zapadni Balkan”.
Dvodnevna konferencija održana je u Beogradu, 21. i 22. oktobra
2011. godine i okupila je preko 30 aktivista i aktivistkinja iz LGBTIQ
organizacija iz Srbije i regiona kao i ugledne profesore i profesorke
sa instituta društvenih nauka u Beogradu, Fakulteta za bezbednost,
predstavnicu kancelarije poverenika za zaštitu ravnopravnosti,
predstavnicu NUNS-a (nezavisnog udruženja novinara Srbije) kao i
predstavnicu Zavoda za ravnopravnost polova, Vojvodina.
Konferenciji su prisustvovali/e i brojne kolege i koleginice iz drugih organizacija za zaštitu ljudskih prava.
Od pet panela najpozitivnije je ocenjen panel na kome se otvorilo
pitanje Parade ponosa i diskusuja o tome da li je to najefikasniji
vid borbe za unapređenje prava i položaja LGBTIQ populacije u
ovom trenutku. Diskusija je započeta i trajaće još dugo budući da
je taj panel predstavljao inicijalnu kapislu nakon čega se Labris
obavezao da će biti jedan od organizatora okruglih stolova tokom 2012. godine na kojima će biti prisutni svi akteri/ke iz oblasti
zaštite ljudskih prava sa ciljem da se ustanovi najširi mogući
društveni koncenzus oko pitanja Parade ponosa.
Tokom 2011. godine održani su i okrugli stolovi sa predstavnicima/
cama svih LGBTIQ organizacija iz Srbije na kojima je predstavljen
model zakona o registrovanom istopolnom partnerstvu na kome
su radili pravni stručnjaci angažovani od strane Labrisa još u toku
2010. godine. Pitanje registrovanja istopolnih zajednica jeste pitanje trenutka kada će se desiti jer je ovo neregulisano pravno stanje
neodrživo na duge staze, budući da postoji nebrojano puno zajednica života istopolnih partnera, često su u tom odnosu i deca i takve
zajednice će pre ili kasnije morati da budu pravno prepoznate.
Sve LGBTIQ organizacije su upoznate sa sadržinom prestavljenog
modela zakona i sledeći korak je što širi koncenzus oko teksta ponudjenog modela među samim LGBTIQ organizacijama, nakon
čega sledi krug predstavljanja modela drugim organizacijama za
zaštitu ljudskih prava.
U okviru programa javno zagovaranje, lobiranje i pravna pomoć
krajem godine je započeta serija situacionog testiranja i oformljen
je tim za situaciono testiranje diskriminacije i nejednakog postupanja. U 2012. godini fokus testiranja će biti na pristupu veštačkoj
oplodnji za lezbejke i promeni prakse u vezi sa dokumentima koja
su potrebna za sklapanje istopolnih zajednica van Srbije.
17
U 2012. godini Labris planira i saradnju na projektima sa institucijama i nezavisnim telima usmerenu ka poboljšanju stanja ljudskih
LGBTIQ prava. U prvom planu je saradnja sa Upravom za ljudska i
manjinska prava koja je već nekoliko puta do sada pokazala jasnu
inicijativu i želju za saradnjom.
Program edukacije
Kroz program edukacije su u toku 2011. godine organizovane radionice za zdravstvene, socijalne i prosvetne radnike/ce kao i
edukativni seminar o odgovornom novinarstvu za novinare/ke i
blogere/ke.
Radionica: “Seksualna orijentacija kao osnovno ljudsko pravo”,
održana za medicinsko osoblje zdravstvenog centra “Halobeba”,
(Odsek za javno zdravlje, Beograd) na kojoj su se obradile teme:
definicija i razike između pola i roda, terminologija i identiteti, homofobija, institucionalna homofobija, homoseksualnost kroz istoriju, LGBT prava i zakoni, metodologija “žive biblioteke”.
Ideja za održavanje ove radionice nastala je posle homofobične
reakcije jedne od medicinskih sestara dežurne na telefonskoj
liniji za konsultacije u oktobru 2010. Posle situacionog testiranja,
kontaktiran je zdravstveni centar “Halobeba” gde je, kao rezultat
homofobičnog stava, navedeno neznanje i činjenica da su pojedine
zaposlene poslednji put imale edukaciju pre više od 20 godina.
Labris je i tokom 2011. godine uz podršku Civil Right Defendersa organizovao seminar – Istopolna orijentacija u radu Domova
zdravlja.
Seminar je namenjen pre svega zdravstvenim radnicima/ama,
psihijatrima, ginekolozima/ginekološkinjama, psiholozima psihološkinjama, koji/e su zaposleni/e pri Studentskim poliklinikama
na teritoriji Republike Srbije, ali i drugim zdravstvenim radnicima/
ama Domova zdravlja, koji procenjuju da će im edukacija na pomenutu temu biti od značaja u radu sa pacijentima/kinjama.
18
Seminar Istopolna orijentacija u savetodavnom i terapijskom radu
kome je prisustvovalo preko 20 profesionalnih lica uglavnom zaposlenih u Centrima za socijalni rad bio je posvećen temama:
• Identiteti, istopolna orijentacija i lezbejska egzistencija;
• Ljudska prava lezbejki i gejeva;
• Društveni mehanizmi homofobije;
• Trans egzistencija;
• Comming out;
• Stereotipi i predrasude.
“Želim da ti kažem” je šestomesečni projekat edukacije nastavnika/ca u srednjim školama. Ovaj projekat posvećen mladima, ostvaren je u partnerstvu sa Kancelarijom za mlade Novi Beograd, a
uz podršku Ministarstva omladine i sporta.
Projekat “Želim da ti kažem...” se bavio temom LGBT mladih (LGBT
- lezbejke, gej muškarci, biseksualne i transrodne osobe) u srednjoškolskoj populaciji. U toku 2011. godine održano je ukupno
pet jednodnevnih seminara za nastavno osoblje Novobeogradskih srednjih škola. Ovo je prvi put da je jedna LGBTIQ organizacija
zvanično svojim projektom sa otvorenom LGBTIQ tematikom ušla
u srednje škole.
“Pozorište u Akciji – Moć dijaloga” predstavlja tek drugi projekat
Labrisa podržan od strane države a sa ciljem senzibilisanja šire
javnosti ali pre svega profesora i učenika/ca srednjih škola u vezi
sa pravima LGBT osoba i problemima sa kojima se susreću u školi
i van nje zbog drugačije seksualne orijentacije. Pozorišne predstave igrale su se u Dah teatru a projekat je realizovan uz pomoć i
podršku Ministarstva za kulturu, Fonda za Otvoreno Društvo, Sigrid Rausing Trust- a, Rekonstrukcije Ženski Fond i Kancelarije za
mlade Gradske uprave Grada Beograda.
Uz podršku Civil Right Defenders-a održan je i seminar za novinare/ke pod nazivom istopolna orijentacija i odgovorno novinarstvo. Cilj ovog seminara bio je da ukaže na ulogu medija i značaj
objektivnog i pravilnog izveštavanja kroz upotrebu odgovarajuće
nediskriminatorne terminologije a u cilju podizanja svesti o istopolnoj orijentaciji.
Program info centra
U okviru ovog programa koji prvenstveno ima za cilj da pruži
adekvatnu podršku članicama lezbejske zajednice u pravcu prihvatanja sopstvenog identiteta, organizovano je: dva ciklusa
radionica (po deset radionica), sedam psihološko-edukativnih i
kreativnih radionica, kao i devetnaest društveno-socijalnih aktivnosti.
Prvi ciklus radionica bio je psihološko-edukativnog tipa zasnovan na teoriji i praksi transakcione analize. Radionice je vodila
transakciona analistkinja i konsultantiknja za psihodramu, Ana
Mijalković. Na radionicama članice zajednice su se bavile temama:
Skript ili nesvesni životni scenario, emocionalna inteligenicija,
sam sebi bolji roditelj, zdravi međuljudski odnosi, kako se nositi
sa problemima.
Drugi ciklus radionica bio je kreativnog tipa i bavio se osnovama i
tehnikama fotografisanja. Radionice je vodila fotografkinja Tamara
Gavrilović i na radionicama članice zajednice su se bavile temama:
istorija fotografije, svetlost i boje, kompozicija, upotreba aparata.
Pored teorijskog dela članice zajednice su imale i praktičan deo
koji se sastojao od vežbi tehnika fotografisanja.
Pored ciklusa radionica odražno je i sedam edukativnih radionica
koje su se između ostalog, bavile temama rodno senzitivnog jezika, stereotipima i predrasudama, bližim objašnjavanjem pojmova
rod, pol, identitet kao i načinima prevencije raka dojke i edukacije
za samopregled dojki.
U okviru programa Info Centra od 21-24. aprila održana je i Regionalna konferencija – Lezbejska nedelja pod nazivom “IZAŠLE SMO”
koja je, kao deseti skup aktivistkinja sa prostora bivše Jugoslavije,
ovoga puta okupila 76 lezbejki aktivistkinja iz Hrvatske, Slovenije,
Bosne i Hercegovine, Makedonije, Crne Gore, Srbije, kao i nekoliko međunarodnih aktivistkinja i stručnjakinja iz oblasi feminizma
i LGBT aktivizma. Konferenciju su organizovale lezbejska grupa
Labris iz Beograda i lezbejska grupa NLO iz Novog Sada. Brojni
paneli bili su posvećeni ojačavanju lezbejske mreže u bivšoj Ju-
goslaviji, osnaživanju lezbejskog identiteta, diskusijama na temu
homofobije i politika feminizma, podizanju svesti o lezbejskim
pravima i podizanje lezbejske vidljivosti. Lezbejskoj nedelji prisustvovala je i legendarna lezbejska spisateljica, osnivačica prve Lezbejske arhive, danas aktivistkinja Žena u crnom u suprotstavljanju
izraelskom i SAD režimima, Joan Nestle sa svojom partnerkom Di
Otto. Diana Otto je dugogodišnja feministička profesorka ženskih
prava na Univerzitetu u Melburnu. Trenutno otvara pitanja o
feminističkoj i lezbejskoj intervenciji u međunarodnom pravu i o
solidarnosti među diskriminisanima.
I ovu aktivnost kao i organizovanje regionalne konferencije o
uspešnim strategijama lobiranja pomogao je veći broj volonterki.
Broj volonterki se u odnosu na prošlu godinu povećao i broj stalnih volonterki je sada 20.
Ove godine Labris je u okviru društveno-socijalnih aktivnosti organizovao: filmske projekcije, druženja sa međunarodnim aktivistkinjama i stručnjakinjama iz oblasi feminizma i LGBT aktivizma,
snimanje spota “I am what I am”, izlet na Srebrno jezero, posete
“Centra za ženske studije”, studenata/tkinja Bečkog univerziteta,
kao i organizacije “Care international”, davanje podrške i odlazak
oko trideset aktivista/tkinja na Split Pride i Zagreb Pride. Fokus
grupu sa temom: ranjive grupe i reforma sektora bezbednosti
(RSB): LGBT studija slučaja, obeležavanje međunarodnog dana
ljudskih prava, itd.
Godina koja je za nama je ipak donela izvesne pozitivne rezultate
kada se radi o stanju LGBTIQ prava u Srbiji, pre svega zato što su
izrečene prve presude za nerede na Paradi ponosa 2010, kao i za
govor mržnje.
Međutim, trebalo bi i dalje težiti sistemskom rešavanju problema,
a ne saniranju posledica.
Zbog toga su preporuke državi i dalje veoma slične kao i ranijih
godina.
19
Preporuke državnim organima za unapređenje
položaja LGBTIQ populacije:
• Procesuirati sve slučajeve nasilja prema LGBTIQ osobama, tj.
pronaći i kazniti počinioce ovih krivičnih dela, ali i one koje se
tiču pretnji aktivistkinjama i aktivistima za LGBTIQ prava bez
obzira na seksualnu orijentaciju
• Prilikom procesuiranja slučajeva nasilja nad LGBTIQ osobama, kvalifikovati ova krivična dela kao zločin iz mržnje, tj. prepoznati motiv ovakvog nasilja
• Razvijati programe edukacije s ciljem senzibilisanja zaposlenih u državnim institucijama za pitanja seksualne orijentacije
i LGBTIQ ljudskih prava, pre svega za zaposlene u institucijama sudstva, tužilaštva, policije i zdravstva
• Uvesti krivično delo zločin iz mržnje u postojeći Krivični zakonik i imenovati kontakt osobu koja će se baviti pitanjem
zločina iz mržnje pri Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova
• Usvojiti zakonodavstvo neophodno za prepoznavanje i poštovanje prava transeksualnih i transrodnih osoba
• Usvojiti zakon koji će omogućiti osobama istog pola da putem registrovanog partnerstva uživaju ista prava kao heteroseksualni parovi
20
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE POSITION OF THE
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LGBTIQ
POPULATION IN SERBIA
lesbian human rights organization
Belgrade, 2012
Annual Report on the Position of the
LGBTIQ Population in Serbia for 2011
Labris - lesbian human rights organization
Belgrade, 2012
Labris - lesbian human rights organization
Belgrade, Serbia
tel: + 381 11 3227 480, 064/ 700 8293
e-mail: [email protected]
web: www.labris.org.rs
Publication title:
Annual report on the position of LGBTIQ population in Serbia
Author: Jovanka Todorovic Savovic
Editing and layout: Adorjan Kurucz
Translation: Ana Jovanoski
Printing: Standard 2, Belgrade
Circulation: 300
Printing of this report was made possible with support from ILGA Europe
Belgrade, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Annual Report on the Position of the LGBTIQ Population in Serbia, 2011
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Pride Parade – A Test for State Institutions, Rule of Law and Sovereignty Itself ........................................................................................................... 6
Labris’s Legal Service Activities ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Cases of Violence against LGBTIQ Persons That Have Attracted Media Attention.................................................................................................... 11
Complaints to The Commissioner for Equality .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
The Relationship of Media to LGBT Topics........................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Other Labris Activities ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Education Program .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Info Centre Program ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Recommendations to the authorities for the
improvement of the position of the LGBT population.................................................................................................................................................... 20
annual report on the position of the LGBTIQ population in serbia, 2011
Annual Report on the Position of the
LGBTIQ Population in Serbia, 2011
Introduction
The Pride Parade is not the only, nor the most significant moment in the advocating for the improvement of rights of LGBTIQ
persons but it certainly represent the most visible aspect of that
fight and the core around which the entire LGBTIQ legal and social
problematic is articulated and introduced into the public sphere.
That is why the ban of the Pride Parade represents the key event
for the LGBTIQ community in 2011 because by banning the Pride
Parade, the State has shown in which way it treats sexual minorities and their basic rights.
While on October 10th 2010 the streets of Belgrade were ruled by
the so called “controlled violence” - which was an overture and an
already prepared, justified and socially-accepted answer to the
question Do we need a Pride in 2011, again? - on October 2, 2011,
a “Copernican turn” had occurred in regards to what politicians
tended to present to the organizers of the Pride Parade as the social reality.
Since in 2011 there was the same legal and political context as in
the previous two years (20091 and 20102 - same legal framework, governing structure, the Constitution, etc.) and that there were three
different epilogues as a result of our attempts to enjoy the lawful
1 The Pride Parade 2009 was banned by the Decision on Relocating the
Pride Parade to Ušće, issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and which
was handed to the organizers of the Pride Parade by the Premier of the
Republic of Serbia Mirko Cvetković just 24 hours before the scheduled
beginning of the parade. This act represents a de facto ban of the Pride
Parade and because of that the organizers filed a complaint to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia in October 2009 and in December of the same year to the European Court for Human Rights with
the support of the Belgrade Centre for Human Rights. Annual report on
the position of LGBTIQ population in Serbia for 2009, http://www.labris.
org.rs/godisni-izvestaji/index.html
2 Behind police lines around 6000 hooligans demolished the city
and attacked police officers. After the Pride Parade, 249 persons were
arrested, 195 adults and 54 minors, 131 persons were held in custody,
160 person were hurt (the majority were police officers), Annual Report
On The Position of LGBTIQ Persons In Serbia For 2010, http://www.labris.
org.rs/godisni-izvestaji/index.html
5
right to assemble, it is necessary to do an analysis of this event from
several aspects in order to better understand the social reality and
the relationship of political decision makers to LGBTIQ rights.
Apart from analyzing the circumstances that followed the organization of the Pride Parade, the report will further discuss the
first legal court cases regarding discrimination of LGBTIQ persons,
cases of violence and discrimination that have been reported to
Labris’s legal service and to other organizations, media reports
on LGBTIQ topics, complaints to the Commissioner for Equality
as well as the activities which Labris has conducted through the
three existing programmes.
Pride Parade – A Test for State Institutions,
Rule of Law and Sovereignty Itself
The first consultative meeting convened by the Belgrade Pride
Parade organization was held in March. The meeting assembled
human rights protectors from various organizations and since
then individuals and activists followed by organizing themselves
into the so called Organizational Board of the Belgrade Pride Parade, which had carried out the entire organizational process of this
gathering. Two Labris activists participated in this process.
The demanding technical-organizational part of the job led by seven
activists evolved far from the public eye while the part that was covered very well by the media as well as by LGBTIQ organizations was
the part dedicated to meetings with political party representatives,
members of parliamentary groups, institutions for equality, OEBS mission representatives, members of the Council of Europe as well as
relevant ministries and editors of printed and television media.
The Organizational Board held meetings with almost all political
parties in Serbia (except with the representatives of the Democratic Party of Serbia, United Serbia and Serbian Radical Party). The
meeting with the President of Serbia Boris Tadić was anticipated
till the very end. An official invitation was submitted to The Presidential Cabinet several times but until the end of the organizational process, this meeting did not take place.
6
Statements which the members of political parties went to the
media with varied from “mild” to neutral to the ones that clearly
supported the concept of free assembling and advocacy of human rights (Social Democratic Union, Social Democratic League
of Vojvodina and Liberal Democratic Party) to the ones who could
reach no further than to “call people to non-violence” (SNS).
Also, the number of attacks on people because of their supposed
or real sexual orientation increased during the preparation of the
Pride Parade. These incidents will be discussed further in a later
part of the report.
Intimidation of the Pride Parade organizers was, as in previous years, an accompanying factor of the very organizational process.
“The president of the Independent Police Union Momčilo Vidojević
addressed the public via the daily newspaper Večernje novosti with
the acknowledgement that unidentified persons prepared to set fire
to the city by using automobile tires which were purchased before
the scheduled Parade, calling that action “Belgrade in Flames”3. Večernje novosti in the same article said that parallel gatherings are
planned on the same day when the Pride Parade was scheduled. On
regular meetings with the Ministry of Internal Affairs it was confirmed that parallel gatherings are being prepared which were reported to the Ministry, but that the fact they will taka place will not interfere with the Pride Parade. Also, as the daily newspaper Alo!4 later
reported, it was speculated that the participants of the Parade will
be attacked with swarms of bees. However, the Ministry of Internal
Affairs of the Republic of Serbia had not come out with a statement
which would have denied such allegations. To the contrary, the Ministry of Internal Affairs as well as the official statements of the Minister
of Internal Affairs said that all possible measures will be taken to protect the participants of the Pride Parade. The same assurances were
given by the Ministry of Internal Affairs’ representatives until the very
last meeting with the Organizational Board of the Pride Parade with
3 Večernje novosti, 27.09.2011: http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/aktuelno.69.html:346808-Policija-Akcija-Beograd-u-plamenu-tokom-Parade-ponosa
4 Alo! 07.10.2011: http://www.alo.rs/vesti/42356/Rojevima_pcela_na_
gejeve_i_policiju
the request that the organizers do not pay attention to “speculations
from the media”. Only a day after the organizers received these assurances from the Ministry’s representatives, the Pride Parade 2011 was
banned by the decision of the Council for National Security because
of the of general security reasons5.
Actually the decision included the following: The public gathering
and the public gathering in motion convened by the association
“Belgrade Pride Parade, scheduled for October 2, 2011 with the
beginning at 11 o’clock in the city park Manjež is banned. In the
procedures following the report it was established that reasons
from Article 11, Paragraph 1 of the Law on Public Gatherings of
the citizens of the Republic of Serbia were possible to implement
- i.e. that the gathering may obstruct public transport, endanger
health, public morale or security of people and property6.
What the authorities were not able to ban (since there was no formal
report) was the gathering which was organized by around twenty
lesbians, gays and friends from Serbia and from abroad who gathered in the Student Park in centre of Belgrade and had a public LGBT
event which was apparently more comfortable and fun. The gathering that can be called the “Pride Picnic” in a certain way represented
the goal of the Parade: “One of Pride Parade’s goals is for people to
accept the presence of LGBT persons as a normal, everyday phenomenon, not like an unusual event that occurs once a year. That is why
we had taken a different approach: instead of waiting to win these
rights by street marches, we acted the way we would act in any free
city in Europe or America. As a heterogeneous and apparently queer
group, we were sitting in the middle of the Student Park with symbols of the LGBT movement, talked about the situation in the Serbian
society, city scene, alternative culture and we simply enjoyed the delicacies we brought along.7”
5 Are We Equal - Cases of Violence and Discrimination against LGBTIQ
Persons in 2011, Labris, Belgrade, 2012.
Earlier that same day, after the press conference, a surprise “Pride
Parade” was held. Over thirty LGBTIQ and other human rights organizations’ activists stopped the traffic on Terazije, symbolically
throwing rainbow coloured paint and holding a banner that said
“Love. Normally.” The action lasted only a few minutes and it represented a reaction to the ban of public assembling.8
On the press conference, members of the Organizational Board of
the Pride Parade said that the State has “capitulated” to hooligans
by deciding to ban the Pride Parade.
In all, it is troublesome that even though the Organizational Board
of the Pride Parade did not bring into question at any single moment whether the Parade should be held, after that decision not
a single call came from the Ministers and politicians to invite the
Pride Parade’s organizers on a debate.
In the very organizational process some infamous precedents had
occurred which distanced Serbia from the civilized world, precedents like joint statement of an extreme right wing organization and
the Independent Police Union9, sensational media reporting about
how the security of pride participants will be extremely endangered,
without any serious information coming from the police concerning
those allegations. In one word, the State, institutions and the legal
order were defeated, the State capitulated to its hooligans and a significant step back was made in the fight for human rights. Time will
tell how difficult it will be to recover from that loss.
Statements of politicians after the decision on the
Pride Parade ban:
“If the Pride Parade is held in an enclosed space, the situation
will certainly be completely different. It is impossible to follow
everybody who is preparing violence and it is impossible to con-
6 The official decision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs / Police Directorate
/ Police Administration of the City of Belgrade / Police Station Savski Venac /
Number 212-613/11/30.09.2011.
8 http://www.smedia.rs/vesti/vest/76516/LGBT-uduzenja-Saobracaj-Parada-ponosa-Aktivisti-LGBT-zaustavili-saobracaj-na-Terazijama.html
7 http://www.sekeljic.com/piknik-ponosa/
9 http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.
php?yyyy=2011&mm=09&dd=22&nav_category=12&nav_id=543814
7
trol everything. The Police will contact the Pride Parade organizers
and the state leaders and will once again tell them that there is a
high security risk associated with this assembly”, Ivica Dačić, Minister of Internal Affairs.
represents a double acceptance of the defeat – because the Government is the one whose duty it is to create a better economical
and political ambient. By creating conditions for holding a Pride
Parade the state would show that it possesses legal credibility.
“In order to protect all citizens, and in accordance with the authorities’ security assessment, the State has to ban or delay high-risk
events. In that way citizens are protected, members of the LGBT
population, and the consequences of violence and possible loss of
human lives are prevented.” – Boris Tadić, the President of Serbia.
A complaint on the State’s decision has been filed to the Constitutional Court of Serbia as well as to the European Court for Human
Rights in Strasbourg. 13
“We have finally showed that we respect traditional values and
not something that is not recognized by the Serbian Orthodox
Church or the Catholic Church, or the Muslim religion, or normal
people.” - Dragan Marković, the major of the city of Jagodina10.
During 2011 six persons from Serbia and one girl from Bosnia and
Herzegovina who, together with her partner, has been discriminated several times contacted Labris’s Legal Consultancy-Service.
Bolje ovako: During 2011 six persons from Serbia had contacted
Labris’ Legal Service. Additionally, one young woman from Bosnia
and Herzegovina contacted Labris’ Legal Service due to discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
“What else has to happen in order to understand that fascism is
coming in a big way into our everyday lives and it is only a matter
of days when thugs and murderers will start knocking on doors of
everyone who opposes them?” – Nenad Čanak, the president of
LSV (Social Democratic League of Vojvodina)11
„It is not true that the State has capitulated and that the hooligans
are stronger than the State - that is complete nonsense. The State
has done the only thing it could do and what every other normal
country would do, to prevent all gatherings that could lead to endangering of lives and material goods.“ Milan Marković, Minister
of Human and Minorities Rights12
No one opposes the fact the Serbia has greater problems than the
Pride Parade, but insisting on this as well as referring to the difficult economical and political situations as justifiable circumstances for “not needing a Pride” by important political factors, actually
10 http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Drustvo/280218/Zabranjeni-svi-skupovi-zavikend-kao-i-Parada-ponosa
11 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ep2iFldi0
12 http://www.novimagazin.rs/vesti/ministar-drzava-nije-kapitulirala
8
Labris’s Legal Service Activities
The following are cases concerning discrimination and violation
of rights in the sectors of security, education, health care, administrations and provision of services.
A large number of calls to the Labris’s Legal Service (which are not
referred to as cases) were regarding acquiring information about
the possibility to receive asylum in a foreign country, the possibility of leaving Serbia permanently because of violation of basic
human rights and the possibility of same sex marriage in European countries which offer that option.
13 At the end of 2011 (December 23rd) the Constitutional Court determined that the Pride Parade 2009 organizers’ right to assemble and the
right on a legal remedy which are guaranteed by the Constitution of
the Republic of Serbia were violated. The Constitutional Court of Serbia
adopted the constitutional complaint of the members of the organizational board of “Pride Parade 2009” who made a complaint on the decision of the Police Directorate of Serbia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs to hold
that gathering on Ušće instead in the centre of Belgrade http://srb.
time.mk/read/043aa82a32/82c53f465f/index.html
From the brochure “Are We Equal, Cases of Violence and Discrimination against LGBTIQ Persons In 2011”, Labris, Belgrade, 2012:
A case of discrimination based on apparent sexual orientation in
the area of health care was reported to Labris in the beginning of
2011, and it occurred when D.R. wanted to become a voluntary
blood donor. The ground of discrimination was the answer to the
questionnaire of the Institute for Transfusion in St. Sava Street in
Belgrade. Namely, D.R. answered the question “Did you have anal
sexual intercourse in the past six months?” confirmatively. Because of his confirmative answer to that question D.R. was not able to
donate blood. When he said that he is gay and that it is a common
way of sexual intercourse, it was suggested to him that he has to
refrain from sexual intercourse during the next 6 months if he, as
he himself said, wants to be humane. The following is the testimony of the discriminated young man:
“I came into doctor Tatjane Šoškic’s office on January 12th, 2011
around 10 in the morning and she analysed the questionnaire which I had completed beforehand. She concluded that I
cannot donate blood because I have a piercing and because in the last six months I had anal sex. She said that she can
“swallow” the piercing but not the fact that I had anal sexual
intercourse in the past six months. When I told her that I am a
humane man and that I want to help people who need it, she
replied that I could be humane only after a six-month period
without having anal sex.”
Right after that, D.R. determined to persevere with his decision,
went to VMA (Military Medical Academy) where he donated blood
without any problems. Labris filed an official inquiry to the Institute for Transfusion wanting a reason for why the question in the
questionnaire is not formulated like this: “Have you had unprotected anal sexual intercourse in the past six months?” Furthermore,
we asked for a medical reason for why this question is relevant
since blood donated is tested to all sexually transmitted diseases.
The Institute has not answered the inquiry thus far. ILGA Europe,
the umbrella LGBTIQ European organization, was informed about
this discriminatory practice.
Labris conducted an action of erasing the disputable question
“Have you had same sex sexual intercourses?” from the questionnaire for blood donation in 2006. However, the question D.R.
made a complaint against represents indirect discrimination of
gay men who want to be blood donors, so hidden discrimination
still exists. Also, statements of the Commissioner for Information
of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection, Mr. Rodoljub
Šabić, concerning this questionnaire, indicate to the fact that personal data such as: name, surname, address, Identification Number
and the large number of data concerning person’s health condition are, quote: ”Kept tied with a rope on the attic of that institution.”
Regarding discrimination in administrative procedures of issuing
a marital status certificate, a girl addressed Labris in March 2011,
asking for help and counsel due to lack of possibility to get said
certificate from the municipality where she is listed in the Birth Register. She needed the certificate in order to be able to enter into a
same-sex marriage in a European Union country – more precisely,
Spain. It is important to say that for the purpose of issuing a Certificate of Free Marital Status it is necessary to file a request where
you need to state the purpose of issuing the certificate, Birth Register certificate, citizenship certificate, residence certificate, and
also photocopies of personal ID card and passport of one’s future
marriage partner. When the municipality’s clerk had discovered
that the certificate is needed for entering into a same-sex marriage, she said that it is not possible to issue that certificate14.
In July 2011, a gay man V.P addressed the Regional Ombudsman
of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with the same problem.
Like in the previous case, V.P. asked for help and advice regarding
acquiring a marital status certificate in Šid Municipality, which he
need for entering into marriage with a person of same sex abroad.
The Municipality’s clerks rejected his request with the explanation
that in accordance to the relevant Family Law they cannot issue
the certificate. The Regional Ombudsman reacted appropriately
concerning this case: he questioned the action of Šid Municipality, determined certain irregularities and inconsistencies and
asked the relevant Ministry for an opinion. Seeing that there are
no clear normative definitions and instructions for this kind of situations, and that local self-government make arbitrary decisions
Persons in 2011, Labris, Belgrade, 2012.
9
that are often discriminatory, the Regional Ombudsman decided
to examine how all 45 Municipalities in the AP Vojvodina act in
these situations. First results showed that local self-governments
act differently concerning these requests and that it is necessary
to harmonize procedures in order to act in an equal and non-discriminatory manner in all municipalities. After analysing gathered
data, the Regional Ombudsman intends to issue instructions to all
local self-governments.
That this problem of documentation is not an isolated case is evident in the statement of Gay-Lesbian Info Centre (GLIC): “Serbia
does not allow its citizens to enter into marriage with persons of
the same sex even outside the country’s borders because in those
cases it refuses to issue a Certificate of Free Marital Status.”15 The
Gay-Lesbian Info Centre was addressed by a gay man, a citizen
of Serbia with current residence in Austria, who wants to register
a same-sex marriage union with an Austrian citizen. The statement further states: “When officers see that the case is about two
persons of the same sex, in accordance with the Family Law that
request is denied and therefore it is not possible for the petitioner
to enter into marriage outside of the country’s borders. We consider that with this practice a certificates stops being a certificate
and it starts to be a permit, that is, an approval!”16
This raises a question: in what way will the lesbians, gay men and
bisexuals in Serbia get the possibility to enter into marriage in any
country if they are facing this kind of barrier in their own country which they are forced to leave? Considering that earlier cases
of this type of discrimination had not been officially noted, it is
supposed that the members of the non-heterosexual minority
were forced to state false reasons for issuing of the certificate in
order to avoid inconveniences and by that they have violated the
law themselves. Labris will work on changing this discriminatory
practice during 2012.
During the middle of the year, Labris’s Legal Service, on the
request of M.S., issued a documented official certificate on the especially hard position of LGBTIQ persons in Serbia in order to help
M.S. to complete the documentation necessary for exercising his
right to asylum because M.S. had left the country because he felt
his security was threatened.
A man from Novi Sad, R.M. addressed Labris in the middle of 2011
asking for advice concerning the actions of the president of the
tenant’s council of the building where he and his partner were renting a flat. Namely, the president of the tenant’s council psychologically harassed R.M. whenever he saw him on the hallway. That
psychological pressure consisted of a series of embarrassing questions which interfered with his privacy and violated his right to
privacy. After a few months of constant harassment by the president of the tenant’s council, R.M. decided to find a flat somewhere
else. He did not want to initiate any legal action.
15 Public statement - GLIC; December 14.2011 - http://gayecho.com/
glic/?p=424
In the night between October 20 and 21, a gay man was attacked
and robbed in the Pioneer Park, close to Pleasure gay club. He was
attacked by two assailants, one of whom had a knife. Even though
one can conclude that the attack’s motive was robbery, the victim
of the assault stated that during the attack, one of the assaulters
said: “Fagot, we know where you came out from17, give us your
money!”. “Luckily”, the incident ended with the robbery and not
with a physical fight because the gay man gave them all the money
he had. The victim did not want to report this incident to the police.
The case of D.J. who complained about a police inspector overstepping his authority as well as a violation of the right of respecting personal and private life, apartment’s inviolability and personal data, during the middle of the year, is still in process.
Namely, since the beginning of 2011 and during a several month
period, D.J. was being followed and blackmailed by the police inspector probably because of her activist engagement. Labris filed
a petition to the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection which was sent to the Sector of
Internal Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of
Serbia. The letter received from the chief police counsellor, Siniša
Španović, says that: “Based on performed checks it was determined that the police officer acted professionally and in accordance
with the lawful authority while performing official measures and
16 Ibid
17 They were referring to the near-by gay club “Pleasure”
10
actions towards D.J.” Since this decision does not match D.J’s statement, the procedure will be continued in order to prove the police
officer overstepped his authority in regards to the above stated.”18
M.H. from Bosnia and Herzegovina addressed Labris. Together
with her partner she was discriminated by withholding of services
and bad police treatment.
The young woman mentioned received misdemeanour charges
for disturbing public peace and order. The content of the charges:
According to the Articles 40 and 41 of the Law on Misdemeanour
Offences of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Official Gazette F B&H,
number 31/06) the First Police Directorate, Police Station Centre,
as the authorized organ, I FILE A REQUEST FOR A MISDEMEANOR
OFFENCE AGAINST XX that have violated the public peace and order by physically attacking another person and because of their
extremely arrogant behaviour in Korner cafe, on December 21st
2012 around 10.35 p.m.
It is important to highlight that “extremely arrogant behaviour”
was the behaviour of two girls kissing and their attempt to resist
the security guard who wanted to throw them out over the staircase was referred to as “the attack on other person”.
Police officers have acted as if the two girls have already been convicted and instead of writing an official report of the statements
they allegedly took from the girls they left a blank piece of paper.
The girls were threatened that they would be arrested unless they
give their ID cards. Luckily, the conclusion of the first LGBT case of
institutional homophobia in Bosnia and Herzegovina was positive
– M.H. was freed of all charges.19
During 2011, there was a series of attacks and cases of discriminations which had great media response. However, the number
of attacks or cases of discrimination is not possible to determine
with precision since there is a huge distrust of discriminated persons in public institutions and fear of secondary victimization, and
Persons in 2011, Labris, Belgrade, 2012
19 http://www.sutra.ba/novost/52667/Homofobni-incident-u-kaficuKorner-u-Sarajevu
on the other had there are no police statistics concerning attacks
on people because of their real or alleged same-sex orientation.
Namely, for the purpose of the writing the brochure about cases of
violence and discrimination against LGBTIQ persons in 2011, calling
on the right of free access to information of public importance, Labris
sent an official request to the Ministry of Internal Affairs asking for
information about the number of attacks on persons for their real or
alleged same-sex sexual orientation. The official letter from the Ministry of Internal Affairs which was sent to Labris as a response confirmed that there is no such record in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Cases of Violence against LGBTIQ Persons That
Have Attracted Media Attention
The attack in which A. Ž. was hurt and which represented the reason for organizing a protest in front of the Government’s building,
happened in the city centre in Carica Milica Street, on the night
between October 14th and 15th, around 4.30 a.m. The Minister of
Internal Affairs, Ivica Dačić20, said that one assailant was arrested
but that the judges, quote: “Did not assigned him police custody
because he is a minor.” According to the information from the media and GSA (Gay Straight Alliance) statement, A. Ž. was attacked
by three assailants who followed her and her two friends from
Zeleni Venac to the corner of Carica Milica and Maršala Birjuzova
Street, where the attack happened. After they had noticed that
A. Ž. was wearing LGBT movement’s symbols, one of them attacked her several times and insulted her and he screamingly asked
her if she was a lesbian several times. Soon after he started to hit
her he pulled out a knife and attacked her. A. Ž. got a deep gash
of the right hand with cut ligaments of two fingers, head concussion and several bruises and scratches on the body which were
made by the assailant during the attack with his fists and legs. A.
Ž. Suffered ligament damage of her right hand.
On October 31st early in the morning, I. J. was attacked in Temerin Street in Novi Sad. The young man was beaten and left to lie
20 Attacked because of a LGBT T-shirt – Kurir, October 16, 2011 - http://
www.kurir-info.rs/crna-hronika/napad-zbog-lgbt-majice-137150.php
11
unconscious. The assailants ran away. “When I parted from my
friend in Temerin Street, two young men around 30 years of age
approached me. One of them grabbed me by the arm and started
hitting my head with his fists while the other one silently watched
the entire thing. I passed out from strong hits and I do not remember anything since that moment”, said the attacked young man.
The young man had a nose fracture and a lot of haematomas,
and after the attack he was lying without conscious in a puddle of
blood. According to I.J’s statement the assault was motivated by
hatred towards homosexuals. There is no information about the
processing of this case.
Probably the most disturbing case is the case of discrimination
and violence because of alleged sexual orientation against a sixgrade pupil of “Janko Veselinović” elementary school in Belgrade.
The case reached the media after the boy’s desperate mother
posted a status on the social network Facebook that says that
her child was a victim of psychological and physical molestation
which happened on the school’s New Year Celebration. Twelveyear-old V.R. said for the newspaper how in the last year and a half
he had been enduring everyday harassment: “They tell me that I
am a fagot, gay, girl and jerk. I think that they do it because I am
not like them, because I am shorter and weaker than them. When
he hit me, I tried to hit back but without success, I was always outnumbered. One time, three of them were chasing me and while
running from them I flew into the house through the window, since we lived on the ground floor.”21
The last case he complained about to the press was on the school’s
New Year celebration in Trezor club. He said: “On Tuesday evening
I was on that celebration. In the first half an hour everything was
fine. Then they attacked me, the five boys from my class who constantly harass me both psychologically and physically. They started pushing me and calling me ‘fagot, weirdo’ and then they kic21 Little Vuk: They always push me, kick me, call me a jerk – Press
online, December 30, 2011 - http://www.pressonline.rs/sr/vesti/vesti_dana/story/195470/Mali%20Vuk:%20Stalno%20me%20guraju,%20
%C5%A1utiraju,%20nazivaju%20kretenom.html
12
ked me in the legs. I tried to defend myself but without success.”22
Concerning this case, the director of the boy’s elementary school
assured the journalists that he will solve the problem. However,
Labris considers that solving one individual case will not solve the
general problem which a large number of students are surely faced with and the journalists have not heard about. It is obvious
that teachers and other school staff’s lack of action permits this
scenario to happen daily. Labris found out about the case of V.R.
(12) through the media. Labris conducts the sensitization of educational institutions through the education programme with the
basic idea of educating the teaching staff about same-sex orientation and the problems the members of this population are face
at most delicate age. That is why we hope that this education will
give long-term results.
Also, very transparent hate speech and intolerance coming from
those whom you least expect it happened in the beginning of the
new school year, at the end of September 2011. Jelena PopovićIvanović, a professor of English in a high school in Novi Sad, via
her Facebook page spread national hate and called to violence
against same-sex oriented persons. It is disturbing that a large
number of students supported her statements.
The mentioned English professor described the problem of LGBT
persons’ transparency in the following way:
“Minorities must never have the same rights as the majority!
This is our country, Serbian country!”
“When somebody does not give you the right to be normal in
Serbia, kick the hell out of him!”
“Yes, fagots are sick and you should stay away from them,
ignore them, neglect them and shut them up in all ways because they propagate a disease!” 23
According to the school’s principle concerning this case, they
called an educational inspection that had to decide on what
further actions to take regarding the professor who has been working at the High School of Mechanics for seven years. Currently
22 Ibid
23 http://www.smedia.rs/vesti/vest/75422/Novi-Sad-Fejsbuk-Profesorka-Mrznja-na-fejsbuku-sirila-mrznju.html
there is no information about whether any sanctions have been
made concerning this evident hate speech and call to violence.
The case that attracted the biggest media attention apart from
the events that followed the organization and cancellation of the
Pride Parade 2011 is the case of public declaration of a 19-year-old
young man from Kuršumlija, Stefana Radovića, via the magazine
NIN. He addressed the public after his parents have denounced
him and after he had left home. This event became one of the
main topics of almost all media in Serbia. Later, the media started
showing interest for the case in a different kind of way, so Stefan’s
case did not remain a story about homophobia which gay people
in small communities are faced with, but it started being treated
in a tabloid manner. In the end, the only relevant sources of information about what happened to Stefan were non-governmental
organizations.24
Complaints to The Commissioner for Equality
During 2011, Labris filed three complaints to the Commissioner
for Equality for discrimination based on sexual orientation and
hate speech.
The complaint filed on April 2011 referred to the case “System
Billboard”, concerning the billboard that had pictures of gay and
lesbian couples with the title “Just married” which were a part of
the exhibition called “By the Way”. One of the billboards with a gay
couple was removed because of complaints that came from the
representative of the media of the Serbian Orthodox Church to
the owner of the billboard.
Namely, twelve Austrian artists have, apart from exhibiting their
works in the Museum of Contemporary Art of Vojvodina (MSUV)
in Novi Sad, rented the billboards as the display area of the exhibition until April 21. However, the company “System Billboards”
which placed the billboards of gay and lesbian couples, removed
the billboards because of public pressure, not giving an explanation about what that actually means. As was later discovered from
the Commissioner’s opinion (919/2011) the warrant for the remo24 Are we equal, cases of violence and discrimination against
LGBTIQ persons in 2011, Labris, Belgrade, 2012.
val of the billboard came to the owner of the billboard from whom
“System Billboard” rented billboards. Therefore, Commissioner’s opinion is that Dalibor Prodanović, the owner and director of “System
Billboard” from Bečej, has not done an act of discrimination. The
obtained statement of Dalibor Prodanović states the following:
“System Billboards” contacted MSUV at the end of 2011 in order
to advertise the exhibition of Austrian artists on billboards in Novi
Sad but the campaign was moved for March 2011. Later in February, this firm was contacted by an institute from Graz and with the
cooperation and consultations with MSUV two city locations were
chosen for the display of artists’ works (Uspenska Street and corner
of Jaše Tomića Boulevard and Kisačka Street). The company System
Billboard said that the contract with the institute from Austria
was not signed and that the oral agreement was for the posters
to be on billboards for four weeks. However, the posters were set
on March 21st, 2011 and after seven days they were contacted by
the owner of the billboard in Uspenska Street and he explained
that there were complaints from the journalists and the Serbian
Orthodox Church and that he is afraid that the billboards might
be damaged by someone. The director of the System Board addressed Živko Grozdanić, the director of MSVU, who said that they are
satisfied with the billboard’s effect and that there is no need to put
the posters on the billboards again. Dalibor Prodanović, director of
System billboard said that no one of the employees has such prejudices and that he will advertise everything which does not oppose
the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Serbia.
The second complaint sent to the Commissioner’s address was
against Dragan Davidović, monk Antonije who declared that he
will try “to stop the parade this year again” on the press conference held in Media Centre on September 30th 2011. He called the
parade “the parade of shame and parade of sexual perverts, propaganda and a desecrating celebration of errant gay wretches”25,
also saying that it is a “demonic mockery of the essence of being
of our people”.
25 http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.
php?yyyy=2011&mm=09&dd=30&nav_id=545851
13
There is no official decision based on this complaint on the Commissioner for Equality’s Internet presentation, but Labris as the
organization who filed the request has been presented with a decision that a request was sent to Dragan Davidović to comment
on the complaint and that the letter was returned with a postal
indication that Dragan Davidović has moved to Valjevo. The Commissioner for Equality, according to Labris’s findings, has no authority to request Dragan Davidović’s new address.
The third complaint filed in October on behalf of the Coalition
Against Discrimination refers to the discriminatory homophobic
statement of the professor from Megatrend University, Milan Brdar. During his lecture from Theory of the Public Opinion held on
October 2011, he declared his opinion that homosexuality is a disease like “a stomach ulcer” and that it has to be treated. When a
student asked him: “what should be the cure for homosexuality”,
professor Brdar replied with: “Sex change”. In the case of professor
Brdar, he was asked to comment on the complaint. The opinion
concerning this case has not been given yet.
Labris considers that these cases clearly indicate the restrictions
and difficulties which the Commissioner for Equality faces in
her work. Namely, the Commissioner for Equality, in accordance with the authorities issued by the Anti-Discrimination Law26,
acts strictly in regards to citizens’ complaints and human rights
organizations’27 complaints and cannot initiate independent proceedings. Therefore, if the Commissioner determines that a discriminatory act was done by a third party that was not included
in the complaint there is no possibility to start the proceedings.
On the other hand, because of confidentiality there is no possibility to share this information with the person filing the complaint,
in order to re-start proceedings. Also, in accordance with these
complaints it is possible to conclude that discrimination can be
perpetrated by any person who does not live on the address of
26 Article 1, Paragraph 33 of the Anti-Discrimination Law – The Official
Gazette of RS, 22/2009
27 Rules of Procedure of the Commissioner for Protection against Discrimination, Article 25 – The Official Gazette RS, 34/2011
14
permanent residence because proceedings are not possible in
that case. Labris’s opinion is that the Commissioner for Equality’s
institution, though independent, has to have the opportunity for
stronger cooperation with institutions such as the police and public prosecutor while gathering information necessary for acting
on the complaints as well as initiating court proceedings where
discrimination is confirmed in every case.
In 2011, according to the data of the Commissioner for Equality’s
office, there were nine cases concerning this personal characteristic
(sexual orientation). In two cases it was just one of the personal characteristics apart from several others mentioned. Two out of nine
cases are still being processed; one was given a recommendation
and the other cases were rejected or stopped or it was determined
there was no discrimination according to the law28.
The Relationship of Media to LGBT Topics
The fact is that media, although being an instrument of sensitization of the general public, in most cases support the ruling social
structure. Therefore monitoring of media, in order to determine the
presence of stereotyping, tabloidization, ghettoization and sensationalizing of LGBT topics in the media discourse, is necessary.
According to the Labris’ publication “LGBT Population In the Printed Media in Serbia in 2011”: Although modern media today have
a more complex and more ambiguous view of gender and sexuality more than ever before, media images of LGBT population indicate that this group still does not get enough space in the print
and electronic media, and as a topic appears and is discussed
about periodically. Although gay and lesbian themes long dominated the entertainment program, articles on LGBT population in
recent years, due to the Pride Parade and meetings with politicians, are most commonly found in society and politics columns.
Key events that media reported about were: Pride Parade 2011,
17th of May – International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia, presentation of the Gay Straight Alliance’s (GSA) annual re28 Are we equal, cases of violence and discrimination against LGBTIQ
persons in 2011, Labris, Belgrade, 2012
port on the human rights of LGBT people in Serbia - “Step by Step”
(The presence of Mayor Dragan Đilas resulted in an increased
number of articles), the International Pride Day and presenting
of the rainbow flag from the balcony of the Ministry of Human
and Minority Rights, the “ENOUGH” assembly, organized by the
Gay Straight Alliance in front of the Serbian government building,
as a protest to the attack on A.Ž.(24) who wore a T-shirt with the
insignia of the LGBT community. Most daily newspapers (Pravda,
Dnevnik, Politika, Blic, Press, Kurir, Večernje novosti) reported on
the trial of Mladen Obradović, the leader of Obraz - extreme right
wing organization which discriminates of LGBT people, and Miša
Vacić, leader of Naši 1389 (extreme right wing organization) for
racial and other discrimination. The largest number of articles are
medium size (up to 300 words), but what is important is that all of
them are unsigned and that the violence which is in the content
is not interpreted in regards to the context or politics. Additionaly,
repetition of said pattern was registered in the case of media articles about the verdict of the High Court in Belgrade in regards
to the sentencing of offenders during Pride Parade in Belgrade
on the 10th of October, 2010. International and regional events
that were intensely reported during the very realization were the
approval of same-sex marriages in the State of New York (June
2011), the cancelled Pride in Podgorica (May 2011), and violence
on the Pride Parade in Split (June 2011).
Although the neutral contextualization of LGBT themes is the
most popular in media discourse, the LGBT populace is still exposed to hate speech29. The terminology used is often offensive
and discriminatory and television and print media, contrary to the
Broadcasting Act, broadcast hate speech directed at persons who
have a different sexual orientation than heterosexual. The absen29 There is no precise and universally accepted international definition
of hate speech. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe,
in the recommendation No.20 on hate speech from 1997.agreed that
the term “hate speech“ means all forms of expressions which spread,
incite, promote or justify hate among races, xenophobia, anti-Semitism
or other forms of hatred based on intolerance, including: intolerance
expressed by aggressive nationalism, ethnocentricity, discrimination or
hostility towards minorities, immigrants and people of immigrant origin.
ce of sanctions and the relativism of hate speech and violence in
public discourse provide factual conditions for the expansion of
the atmosphere of intolerance and lynching of members of the
gay population. After the First Basic Court in Belgrade issued the
first-instance verdict for severe forms of discrimination against
LGBT people and forbade him to repeat the discrimination performed, Dragan Marković Palma made a statement to all the media
that he is: „Proud of the punishment if his acts had contributed to
the cancellation of the Shame Parade“. Besides that, although Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan Amfilohije Radović has not acted on
the recommendation of the Commissioner for Equality, Nevene
Petrušic, and apologized to the gay population because of his statement about “the stench of Sodom“, a complaint for hate speech
against the participants of the Pride Parade 2010 was never filed
against him. Absence of reaction of the institutional, social or media criticism represents encouragement to all those who daily use
hate speech and justify violence against members of various minority groups.
Despite the Public Information Act, which prohibits disclosure
of information that incites violence, hatred, and discrimination
based on sexual orientation, discriminatory language and hate
speech are still present in our public and media space. Content
of media reports shows the practice of repetition of homophobic,
patriarchal, discriminatory patterns in the new / old media environment in a social context, which is renewed repeatedly through the fear of the otherness and of difference. It is important that
those who produce media content be aware of the responsibilities to public discourse and in regards to influence, but also that it
is their obligation according to all ethical journalist codes not only
to regularly report and make space for minorities, but to carefully
write about topics that refer to LGBT population, bearing in mind
positions of these groups in our society and all the negative stereotypes that exist as a predominant value matrix that follows them.
During 2011, according to Labris’ media monitoring of the local
daily newspapers 1785 articles stating LGBT terminology were
published.
15
Other Labris Activities
Along with active involvement in organization of the Pride Parade, the Coordinator of Public Advocacy, Lobbying and Legal Help
has reacted on more than one occasion on behalf of Labris and via
joint statements of the Coalition against Discrimination, together
with other LGBTIQ organizations. In regards to breaches of human
rights and discrimination which occurred in the public sphere,
sometimes reactions were made independently, via statements,
claims and protests.
The program Coordinator has monitored the trials of those accused of discrimination and violence against LGBTIQ people.
During 2011, some of the most important verdicts were passed in
favour of emancipation of the rights of LGBTIQ population.
However, although being of tremendous importance, sentences
pronounced for the offenders against the LGBTIQ population are
more than symbolic and show that the state is not determined to
solve the problem of homophobia and punish violence adequately. Also, duration of the proceedings and number of cases still in
progress in courts, refer to insufficient efforts to protect the rights
of this minority group.
Charges have been submitted against the leaders of “Obraz” organization and “SNP 1389 Nasi”, Mladen Obradović i Miše Vacić,
at the First Municipal Court in Belgrade on October 30th, 2009 (kt.
br 2260//2009). The two mentioned are charged with crimes of
“racial and other discrimination” from Article 387, Paragraph 4,
from the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia. This represents
the first time in the history of our criminal justice system that this
clause has been used because of violence and discrimination on
the basis of sexual orientation.
During the proceedings, on October 25th 2010, there was a separation of proceedings against Mladen Obradović (K.23953/10) from
the proceedings against Miša Vacić (K-4071/2010), because Vacić
was charged with unauthorized possession of weapons as well.
In the process K.23953/10 in The First Municipal Court in Belgrade,
16
Mladen Obradovic was charged with spreading and representing
ideas that advocate discrimination based on sexual orientation
during period from September 13th to September 20th, 2009, by
organizing graffiti writing of threatening and insulting content:
“Death to faggots” (Smrt pederima), “Belgrade will be flooded by
blood, there will be no gay parade” (Beogradom krv će liti, gej parade neće biti), “Faggots we are waiting for you” (Pederi čekamo
vas), as well as making promotional material on his computer:
ads, posters, leaflets and public calls connected to the participants of the gathering-racial and other discrimination from Article 387, St.4 KZ55. Indictment started on October 25, 2009. Also,
he is charged with producing promotional materials on his home
computer – ads, posters, leaflets and public calls – which violate
Article 387, Point 4 KZ55.
55 The Criminal Code of the republic of Serbia (The Official Gazette, number 85/2005, 88/2005 - ispr., 107/2005 - ispr., 72/2009
i 111/2009)28
Proceedings against Mladen Obradović for spreading hatred and
intolerance on the eve of the 2009 Pride Parade, are still in progress.
However, he was sentence to two years in prison at the Appeal
Court in Belgrade, in April, 2009, but the verdict is not final. Obradović was accused of organizing riots during the Pride Parade on
October 10th, 2010. He, along with three others, was accused for
organized riots, directing the groups which would commit violence and spread hatred on a discriminatory basis. Judge Danko
Laušević said while pronouncing the sentence that “the Court
finds the defendants - Mladen Obradović, Damir Grbić and Krsta
Milovanović - guilty because on a the meeting at the beginning of
October in a flat in Mihailo Pupin’s Boulevard they organized and
identifies the leaders of groups which would commit the violence.
Members of Obraz, Krsto Milovanović and Damir Grbić were sentenced to a year and six months in prison, while others accused of
taking part in riots were sentenced to sentences of 8 months to a
year in prison.
Obradović’s pregnant wife, Jelena Čalić was sentenced to a year
of house arrest.
The leader and spokesman of SNP “1389 Naši” was accused of
spreading and representing ideas which advocate discrimination of members of LGBT population in the period from 18th to
20th of September, by distributing promotional material, stickers
with the text “We don’t want a gay parade, we want a patriotic
government” and giving threatening statements in the media.
(Criminal Code, Article 387). Criminal proceedings number K –
4071/2010 began on October 25th, 2009. From the moment of separation of proceedings against Obradović from the proceedings
against Vacić, four main court proceedings were held, and six did
not take place.
On the last court proceedings the following persons were questioned: Violeta Vacić, the mother of the defendant, Željko Marković,
the police inspector, Slobodan Isailović, police inspector and Slobodan Škugović.
Representatives of Labris and GSA organizations have appeared
on both proceedings against Obradović and Vacić as witnesses.
It remains to be seen whether sensitivity to violence and threats
that are constantly made by the leaders of these extremist organizations will be shown – this would present us as a serious country
ready to condemn fascism. More detailed reports from the trials
are available in Labris’s archives.
The Coordinator of the same programme went to Strasbourg,
Brussels and Warsaw on meetings and while visiting a OEBS’ session (on human dimension) as well as while meeting with officials, she pointed the out the key problems connected with human rights of LGBT persons in Serbia: non-existence of the state’s
will to deal with the leaders of right wing organizations that are
becoming more organized, lack of readiness to convict them in
an appropriate way for offences they have committed, frequent
hate speech in the public sphere coming from politicians in the
first and foremost, lack of reaction of the RBA to hate speech, nonexistence of hate speech and hate crimes in the Criminal Code,
and weak implementation of laws against discrimination.
Under the patronage of ILGA Europe, and within the Public Advocacy, Lobbying and Legal Help programme, a regional conference
“Successful Strategies of Lobbying for Promotion of LGBTIQ Rights
– West Balkans” was organized.
The two-day conference was held in Belgrade on October 21st and
the 22nd, 2011, and it gathered over 30 activists from LGBTIQ organizations from Serbia and the region, as well as the notable professors from the Institute of Social Sciences in Belgrade, Faculty for
Security, a representative of the Commissioner for Equality’s Office, a representative of NUNS (Independent Journalist Association
of Serbia) as well as a representative of the Institute for Gender
Equality of Vojvodina.
The conference was attended by numerous colleagues from other
human rights organizations.
Out of five panels, the panel about the Pride parade and the discussion about whether it is the most efficient way of struggle for the
promotion of rights and position of LGBTIQ population in this moment, received the most positive marks. The discussion has been
opened and it will last for a long time since that panel represented
the trigger after which Labris committed itself to be one of the organizers of round tables during 2012 (which will bring together all
actors from the human rights sphere) with the goal of establishing
the widest possible social consensus on the issue of pride parades.
During 2011, round tables with the representatives of all LGBTIQ
organizations from Serbia were held where the draft Law on Registered Same-Sex Partnerships was presented. Legal advisors
who worked on this law were hired by Labris back in 2010. The
issue of same-sex unions’ registration is a matter of time because,
in the long run, this legal status quo where there is no regulation
is unsustainable, since there are numerous unions of same-sex
partners and often they have children. Such unions will sooner or
later be legally recognized.
All LGBTIQ organizations are familiar with the content of the represented draft law and the next step is to get the widest possible
consensus on the text of the draft law among LGBTIQ organizations, which will be followed by a set of presentations of the draft
law to other human rights organizations.
17
At the end of the year and within the Advocacy, Lobbying and Legal Help programme, a situational testing was started and a team
for situational testing of discrimination and unequal treatment
was formed. In 2012, the focus of the testing will be on artificial
insemination of lesbians and the change in practice concerning
the documents need for entering into same-sex marriages out of
Serbia’s borders.
In 2012, Labris is planning to cooperate with institutions and independent bodies on projects directed at the improvement of
LGBTIQ human rights. In the first place is cooperation with the
Administration for Human and Minorities Rights that has several
times so far showed clear initiative and will to cooperate.
Education Program
During June 2011, the Education Program organized workshops for
health, social and education workers, and an educational seminar
on responsible journalism for journalists and bloggers was held.
“Sexual Orientation As A Basic Human Right” workshop was held
for the medical staff of the medical centre “Halobeba” (Department of Public Health, Belgrade). The following topics were covered: definitions and differences between sex and gender, terminology and identities, homophobia, institutional homophobia,
homosexuality throughout history, LGBT rights and laws, and the
methodology of “the living library” was implemented.
The idea of holding this workshop came in October 2010, after a
homophobic reaction from one of the on call nurses working on
the telephone line for consultation. After a situational test we contacted the health centre “Halobeba” and came to the conclusion
that this homophobic attitude was coming from ignorance as well
as the fact that some employees had their last training more than
twenty years ago.
During 2011, with the support of Civil Right Defenders, Labris organized a seminar: Same-Sex Orientation in The Work of Health
Centres.
18
The seminar is intended primarily for health workers, psychiatrists, gynaecologists, psychologists, all of whom work in student
health centres in the Republic of Serbia, and other health workers,
health centres, who consider being educated about the above
mentioned topics will prove beneficial in their work with patients.
Same-sex Orientation seminar in counselling and therapy work
which was attended by over 20 professionals mainly employed in
the centres for social work, focused on:
• Identities, same-sex orientation and lesbian existence;
• The human rights of lesbians and gays;
• The social mechanisms of homophobia;
• Trans existence;
• Coming out;
• Stereotypes and prejudices.
“I Want To Tell You” is a six month training project for teachers in
high schools. This project was dedicated to young people, and it
was created together with the Office for Youth New Belgrade and
the Ministry of Youth and Sports.
During 2011, we organized five “one-day” seminars for teachers of
secondary schools in New Belgrade. This was the first time that an
LGBT organization officially entered high schools with its visible
LGBT themes.
“Theatre in Action – The Power of Dialogue” is another Labris
project supported by the State aimed at sensitization of the general public but especially professors and high school students
regarding LGBT rights and issues they face in schools or outside
of school due to different sexual orientation. Theatre plays were
played in “Dah teatar” and the project was realized with the help
and support of the Ministry of Culture, the Open Society Fund, Sigrid Rausing Trust, Reconstruction Women’s Fund, Belgrade Youth
Office - City Government of Belgrade.
With the support of Civil Right Defenders a seminar called “SameSex Orientation and Responsible Journalism” was held. The goal was
to point out the media role and the importance of objective and
proper reporting through the use of appropriate non-discriminatory
terminology in order to raise awareness of same-sex orientation.
Info Centre Program
Under this program, which primarily has the goal to provide
adequate support for members of the lesbian community towards acceptance of their identity, we organized: two rounds of workshops (ten workshops), seven psycho-educational and creative
workshops, as well as nineteen social activities.
The first set of workshops was of a psycho-educational type based on the theory and practice of transactional analysis. These
workshops were led by transactional analyst and consultant for
psychodrama, Anja Mijalković. On these workshops community
members were involved in key issues: the unconscious life script
or scenario, emotional intelligence, being a better parent for oneself, healthy relationships, how to deal with problems.
The second set of workshops was of a creative type, and it dealt with the fundamentals and techniques of photography. These workshops were held by photographer Tamara Gavrilović and
community members talked about these topics: history of photography, light and colour, composition, device use. Besides the
theoretical part, there was a practical part as well, which consisted
of photographic technique exercises.
Besides these workshops, another seven workshops were held,
which, among other things, dealt with issues of gender-sensitive
language, stereotypes and prejudice, detailed explanation of the
concepts of race, gender, identity and ways of preventing breast
cancer and also education for breast self-examination.
From April 21st to April 24th, as part of the Info Centre program, a
regional conference Lesbian Week was held titled “We Have Come
Out”. This was the tenth such conference, which first started in former Yugoslavia, and this time it gathered 76 lesbian activists from
Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and several international activists and experts in the
field of feminism and LGBT activism. The conference was organized by the lesbian group Labris from Belgrade, and the lesbian
group NLO (Novi Sad Lesbian Organization) from Novi Sad. Many
panels were devoted to strengthening the lesbian network in former Yugoslavia, empowering lesbian identity, discussions on homophobia and the politics of feminism, raising awareness about
lesbian rights and lesbian visibility awareness. The Lesbian Week
was attended by the legendary lesbian writer, founder of the first
Lesbian Archives, today an activist of Women in Black opposing
the U.S. and Israeli regimes - Joan Nestle, along with her partner
Di Otto. Diana Otto is a long-time feminist professor of women’s
rights at the University of Melbourne. She is now raising questions
about lesbian and feminist interventions in international law and
solidarity among the discriminated.
A large number of volunteers assisted in this activity, as well as for
the regional conferences on successful lobbying strategies. The
number of volunteers, compared to last year, has increased and
the number of regular volunteers is now 20.
This year within its social activities, Labirs organized: film screenings, meetings with international experts and activists in the field
of feminism and LGBT activism, recording the video “I Am What
I Am”, a trip to Silver Lake – ovo isto ne bih prevodila vec samo
Srebrno Lake, “Centre for Women’s Studies” visits, visit of students
of the University of Vienna, and the organization “Care International”. Also, we supported and attended the Split and Zagreb pride
parades - approximately thirty of our activists participated in said
parades. Additionally, a focus group was organized on the topic of
vulnerable groups and security sector reform (SSR): an LGBT case
study, marking the international Human Rights Day, etc.
The previous year has, however, brought us some positive results
when it comes to LGBTIQ rights in Serbia. Primarily, because the
first verdicts were handed down for the riots at the 2010 Pride Parade, as well as for hate speech.
However, we should continue to strive for systematic problemsolving, rather than rehabilitation of consequences.
Therefore, the recommendations to the State remain very similar
as in previous years.
19
Recommendations to the authorities for the improvement of the position of the LGBT population:
• To prosecute all cases of violence against LGBT people, i.e.
find and punish the perpetrators of these crimes, but also
those concerning threats to activists for LGBT rights regardless of sexual orientation.
• During the proceedings of these cases regarding violence
against LGBT persons recognize these criminal acts as hate
crimes, i.e. identify motive of such violence.
• Develop education programs aimed at sensitization of employees in state institutions for issues of sexual orientation
and LGBT human rights, especially for employees in the institutions of the judiciary, prosecutors, police and health.
• Introduce hate crime into the existing Criminal Code and designate a contact person at the Ministry of Internal Affairs to
deal with the issue of hate crimes
• Adopt legislation necessary to recognize and respect the
rights of transsexual and transgender people
• Adopt legislation that would allow for same-sex registered
partnership, which would ensure same-sex couples could
enjoy the same rights as heterosexual couples.
20

Godišnji izveštaj o položaju LGBTIQ populacije u Srbiji, 2011.

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