Distribution extension of Thamnodynastes pallidus and new records
Transcription
Distribution extension of Thamnodynastes pallidus and new records
Herpetology Notes, volume 6: 529-532 (2013) (published online on 30 October 2013) Distribution extension of Thamnodynastes pallidus and new records within the distribution of Erythrolamprus reginae, Imantodes cenchoa and Siphlophis compressus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) for the north coast of Bahia, Brazil Ricardo Marques1,3,*, Moacir S. Tinôco1,2,5, Dennis Rödder3,4, Henrique C. Browne-Ribeiro1,2 The Dipsadidae is the most diverse snake family distributed across the West Indies and America (Vidal, Dewynter and Gower, 2010; Uetz et al. 2013), including 245 described species occurring within Brazil (Bérnils and Costa, 2012). In Brazil, the Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic rainforests are three large ecoregions within the state of Bahia (Brasil, 2004), hosting more than half of Brazilian snake species (130 species; Curcio et al. 2012; Hamdan and Lira-da-Silva, 2012). Herein we report a distribution extension for T. pallidus, and add a new geographical distribution for I. cenchoa, E. reginae and S. compressus on the north coast of Bahia. In this study, we sampled these species within ombrophilous forest vegetation in the municipality of Mata de São João, situated within the core of the Atlantic forest. We conducted fieldwork for 10 days every two months between February 2011 and October 2012. Two surveyors simultaneously searched two different forest fragments. These consisted of a large and more intact one measuring about 350 hectares, and a smaller one of around 10 hectares suffering from strong habitat loss. Universidade Católica do Salvador, Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal – ECOA. Avenida Prof. Pinto de Aguiar, 2589. CEP 41740-090. Pituaçu, Salvador, BA, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n. CEP 40170-115. Ondina. Salvador, BA, Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de PósGraduação em Zoologia. Rodovia Ilhéus–Itabuna, km 16, CP 110. CEP 45662-900. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. 4 Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Department of Herpetology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany 5 University of Kent at Canterbury; DICE - Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation. Marlowe Building, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 The size of the complete fragment complex, considering all the fragments in the region, was 410 ha. Voucher specimens were housed in the herpetological reference collection of the Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal (CHECOA) for further examination. Erythrolamprus reginae semilineatus (voucher CHECOA 2588) was captured within the large fragment (-12.459787, -38.228241, at 106 m elevation) at 10:26 a.m. on 11/02/2011. It is a male with head length (HL) of 14.6 mm, tail length (TL) of 147 mm, snout-vent length (SVL) of 494 mm and 20 g weight. The specimen’s subspecies status was determined following Dixon (1983). This may add new information for a taxonomic review within the group. Imantodes cenchoa cenchoa (CHECOA 2883) was captured on 03/11/2012 in the 10 hectare fragment (-12.491390, -38.268674, at 63 m) at 8:23 p.m. It was a female, measuring 11.3 mm HL, 182 mm TL, 455 mm SVL and 21 g. Both species are widely distributed throughout the Atlantic rainforest, Cerrado and Caatinga ecoregions (Martins and Oliveira, 1998; Araujo and Almeida-Santos, 2011; Guedes et al. 2011; Loebmann and Haddad, 2011), but show no previous records for the region. Siphlophis compressus and T. pallidus were captured on 24/05/2012 on the border of the larger fragment (-12.461343, -38.23439, at 100 m) during the night at approximately 8:00 p.m. Siphlophis compressus (CHECOA 2854) is a male, with measurements of 20 mm HL, 227 mm TL, 738 SVL and 30 g. Siphlophis compressus (Daudin, 1803) is restricted to forest habitats in the Amazon forest of northern Brazil, and the Atlantic rainforest from southeastern to northeastern Brazil (Martins and Oliveira, 1998; Guedes et al. 2011). Thamnodynastes pallidus (Linnaeus, 1758) is known from habitats within the Amazon in northern Brazil. In the Amazon ecoregion its eastward limit is reached in the state of Pará. It is also reported from the neighbouring countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Guiana 530 and Venezuela (Cunha and Nascimento, 1978; Bailey, Thomas and Silva Jr., 2005; Bernarde et al. 2012). In northeastern Brazil, this species is known to occur in the states of Paraíba in the Mamanguape municipality, Pernambuco in the Vicência municipality (Wagler, 1824; Franco and Ferreira, 2002; Santana et al. 2008) and Bahia. However, the species’ exact distribution within Bahia is not known. All four snakes are illustrated in Figure 1. The identification of Thamnodynastes species is complex and under review. However, we apply the suggested known distributions from Franco and Ferreira (2002), and Bailey, Thomas and Silva Jr. (2005), as well as the species’ identification pholidosis method they have suggested for identification: 152 ventrals, 85 subcaudals, 17-17-13 smooth dorsal scales, single cloacal plate, 1+2 oculars, 8/8 supralabials, 9/9 infralabials, 2+3 temporals. Only S. compressus and T. pallidus are classified in the IUCN Red List as Least Concern (IUCN, 2012). Ricardo Marques et al. The latter of which was previously recorded in Vicência in Pernambuco (Cordeiro and Hoge, 1973), with our record extending its known distributional range by approximately 630 km south to northeastern Brazil. Siphlophis compressus’ southernmost record was in Ibirapitanga, and then was only recorded 210 km northward in Sergipe state in Itabaiana municipality (Guedes et al. 2011). The closest available record of E. reginae was in Maraú, 210 km south from our record, and I. cenchoa was recorded only 242 km southward in Itacaré (Argôlo, 2004). Both species’ northernmost records occur in four municipalities within the state of Alagoas, wherein Maceió is the southernmost of these municipalities where both species were also detected in ombrophilous vegetation (Silva et al. 2006) (Figure 2). New distribution records of snake and lizard species have recently been recorded along the north coast of Bahia (Couto-Ferreira et al. 2011; Fonseca et al. 2012; Marques et al. 2011, Marques et al. 2012). The basic knowledge regarding species diversity and distributions Figure 1: Dipsadid snakes recorded on the north coast of Bahia, Brazil: A) Imantodes cenchoa cenchoa; B) Erythrolamprus reginae semilineatus; C) Siphlophis compressus; D) Thamnodynastes pallidus. Photos by Ricardo Marques. New dipsadid records for the north coast of Bahia 531 Figure 2: Distribution map of the snakes in north-eastern Brazil. Red dots represent previous records: Pernambuco (PE): 1Vicência; Paraíba (PB): 2- Mamanguape = Thamnodynastes pallidus; Alagoas (AL): 3- Maceió = Erythrolamprus reginae and Imantodes cenchoa; Sergipe (SE): 4- Itabaiana = Siphlophis compressus; Bahia (BA): 5- Itacaré = Imantodes cenchoa; 6- Maraú = Erythrolamprus reginae; 7- Ibirapitanga = Siphlophis compressus. The green star represents new records in the municipality of Mata de São João, Bahia. 532 within ecoregions are the underpinning aspects for biological protection, thus these new records represent a contribution to the development of this science’s fields. Acknowledgements. We are grateful to the “Habitat change and the status of herpetofauna in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil” research group. The main author is supported by CAPES funding. In addition, we thank Leonardo Barros Ribeiro for his contributions to the manuscript, and Rob Ward for the English review of the manuscript text. Logistical support was provided by the Herpetofauna Foundation, Reptile Technologies, Instituto da Mata and Lacerta Ambiental. Fieldwork was conducted under SISBIO permit Nº 23355-2. References Araujo, C.O., Almeida-Santos, S.M. (2011): Herpetofauna de um remanescente de cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11(3): 47-62 Argôlo, A.J.S. 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