abstracts book - ESTSP - Politécnico do Porto

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ABSTRACTS BOOK
School of Allied Health Technologies of Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
i
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP)
Title:
II International Health Congress Gaia Porto: Abstracts Book
II Congresso Internacional da Saúde Gaia Porto: Livro de Resumos
Edition:
1st Edition / Book in 1 Volume, 227 pages
Editors:
Silva, Regina A; Baylina, Pilar; Vieira, Filipa Quintela; Barrias, Cláudia; Rubim, Manuel; Coelho Tiago;
Prudêncio, Cristina; Jesus, Ângelo
Publisher:
Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP)
School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto
Design / Layout:
4CS
Local / Date:
Porto / November 2015
ISBN:
978-989-20-6340-9
Legal Deposit:
406754/16
Disclaimer:
This book contains information obtained from authentic sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to
publish reliable data and information, but the editors, as well as the publisher, cannot assume
responsability for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor
any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or physical,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system,
without prior permission in writing from ESTSP-IPP.
All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use may be granted by
ESTS-IPP.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
(ESTSP-IPP)
School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto
Rua de Valente Perfeito, 322
4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia
Porto - Portugal
t. +351 222 061 000
f. +351 222 061 001
e. [email protected]
w. www.estsp.ipp.pt
© 2016 by ESTSP-IPP
ii
COMMITTEES
iii
PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS
Agostinho Cruz
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTE
ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Regina A. Silva
Paula Portugal Cardoso
Ana Filipa Vieira
Ângelo Miguel Jesus
Artemisa Rocha Dores
Brígida da Costa Ferreira
Manuel Rubim Santos
Maria Cristina Prudêncio
Marisa Alexandra Freitas
Nuno Barbosa Rocha
Paula Clara Santos
Pedro Manuel Monteiro
Paula Portugal Cardoso
Piedade Aurora Barros
Pilar Baylina Machado
Rui Assunção Pimenta
Sandra Marlene Mota
Sandra Rua Ventura
Ana Brígida Patrício
Ana Paula do Nascimento
Ana Sucena Santos
Andreia Noites Pinho
Cláudia Barrias Alves
Diana Patrícia Tavares
Isabel Maria Faria
Luís F. Metello
Mafalda Cardoso Nunes
Maria de Fátima Monteiro
Maria Luísa Nogueira
Maria Manuela Amorim e Sousa
Maria Rosário Fidalgo Martins
Marta Susana Henriques
Mónica Almeida Vieira
Paula Maria Lopes
Regina A. Silva
Rita Ferraz Oliveira
Sílvia Patrícia Fernandes
Sónia Pinheiro de Magalhães
Tiago Filipe Coelho
CONTACTS
Scientific Committee: [email protected]
Organization Committee: [email protected]
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PROGRAMME
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THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 19TH
13:30 | Secretariat Services
14:30| Opening Session
15:00 | Plenary Session- Paradigms and Challenges in Health Technologies
Moderator: António Marques
Speakers:
João Queiroz (DGES)
Jonathan McNulty (School of Medicine, University College Dublin)
Rui Cernadas (ARS Norte)
Anabela Coelho (DQS – DGS)
16:00 | Coffee break
16:30 | Symposiums / Oral Communications Sessions
18:10 | Poster Presentation (P1 to P50)
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FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20TH
09:00 | Plenary Session- Bioethics: The New Challenges
Moderator: Cristina Prudêncio
Speakers:
Rui Nunes (FMUP)
Fernando Regateiro (FMUC)
Maria Angeles Lidia Santos (Universidad Publica de Navarra)
11:00| Oral Communications Sessions / Toastmaster
12:30 | Lunch
14:00 | Plenary Session- Ageing and Sustainability
Moderator: Paula Portugal
Speakers:
Alexandra Lopes (FLUP)
Manuel Villaverde (IE.UL)
João O. Malva (FMUC)
18:10 | Poster Presentation (P51 to P97)
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SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 21ST
09:00 | Plenary Session- New Approaches to Chronic Disease
Moderator: Regina A. Silva
Speakers:
José Carlos Machado (FMUP; IPATIMUP)
Eduardo Brazete Cruz (ESS.IPS)
Sílvia V. Conde (FCM.UNL-CEDOC)
11:00| Symposiums / Oral Communications Sessions
12:30 | Lunch
14:00 | Plenary Session- Neurosciences: From Intervention to Practice
Moderator: Pedro Monteiro
Speakers:
Alexandra Castro Caldas (ICS.UCP)
Sara Cavaco (CHP-HSA)
Isabel Cardoso (IBMC.UP; I3S)
17:50 | Best Poster Award
Brígida Ferreira
18:10 | Closing Session
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OPENING SESSION
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DEAR CONGRESSISTS
In the year of its thirty-fifth anniversary, the School of Allied Health Technologies of the Polytechnic
Institute of Porto (ESTSP/IPP) took up the challenge of organizing the II International Health Congress
Gaia-Porto, under the designation “From diagnosis to Intervention”.
The manifest success of the first Congress was the proof of the pertinence of this initiative and of the need
to continue.
Comprising all the academic community, we aim to promote moments of discussion, reflection and
exchange of experiences, enriching the knowledge on relevant themes to the practice of several health
professions and involving practitioners, students, professors and researchers, seeking to meet the
expectations of all the participants and creating synergies between them.
The programme focuses on five major topics: Paradigms and Challenges in Health Technologies, Ageing
and Sustainability, New Challenges in Bioethics, Neurosciences – from Research to Clinical Practice,
Different Approaches to Chronic Disease and Paradigms and Challenges in Health Technologies.
The international range of this event is the result of a network of partnerships held by the School. In this
edition, we count with the participation of guest speakers from Ireland and Spain.
I would like to congratulate and thank all of those who agreed to participate, in some way, in this event,
saving some of their scarce time in their busy schedule.
I conclude expressing my wish that this event might meet your highest expectations, and making sure that
we will do our best to welcome you.
Agostinho Cruz
President of Congress
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CONTENTS
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – CONTENS
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CONTENTS
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PLENARY SESSIONS
1
PS1: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
The Challenges of Higher Education in Portugal
The Impact of Technology on Healthcare Education
Ethical and Professional Impact of the New Challenges in Health Technologies
Paradigms and Challenges in Health Technologies
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PS2: BIOETHICS: THE NEW CHALLENGES
Bioethics, New Challenges
Bioethics and Laboratorial Tests
New challenges in therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation. Once again: from the object (the disease) to the subject
(the patient)
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PS3: AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY
Common Problems, Diverse Solutions: Models of Organization of LTC Across Europe
Active Ageing
Ageing, Challenge and Opportunity
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PS4: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE
Tumor Heterogeneity and Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance
Stratified Models of Physiotherapy Care in Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions
New Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches for Metabolic Disturbances
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PS5: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE
Neurosciences: From Intervention to Clinical Practice
Non-declarative Memory: From Research to the Clinical Practice
Modulation of Abeta toxicity in Alzheimer Disease
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SYMPOSIUMS
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S1: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
BREAKTHROUGHS AND INNOVATIONS IN PHARMACY
New drugs from traditional medicines: pharmacological evaluation of plant extracts from Chapada Diamantina
(Brazil)
Development of polymeric nanoparticles containing neuroprotective compounds of Hypericum perforatum
Role of pharmacogenomics in predicting antidepressant response and individualizing therapy
A step towards personalized medicine: establishment of a pharmacogenomics profile of response to BCG
intravesical immunotherapy in bladder cancer
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14
S2: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – MANAGEMENT, LEARNING AND COMMUNICATION
WHAT HAPPENS THROUGHOUT THE FIRST YEAR OF HIGHER EDUCATION?
Life quality of students in PBL and traditional teaching models
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How do novel engineering students describe their time management?
Longitudinal relationships between self-esteem, social integration and emotional adjustment in first-year students
Associations between empathy and personality in allied health sciences 1st year students from ESTSP IPP
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S3: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – MANAGEMENT, LEARNING AND COMMUNICATION
TRAINING OF COMMUNICATIONAL SKILLS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONS: RESEARCH AND PRACTICES
Training and research in communication skills at FMUP’s medical psychology unit
What is the state of the art on empathy development in medical students? A scoping review
Research on communicational skills at the Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa.
Training and research in communication skills at the School of Allied Health Technologies of Porto
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S4: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – HEALTH DIAGNOSIS
HISTOCHEMISTRY: IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTERN QUALITY ASSURANCE
A model of external quality control
The need for external quality control in histochemistry
The external quality assurance assessment
Histochemistry external quality control - participation review
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S5: AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY– ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
NEW APPROACHES IN PROSTATE CANCER
Utility of prolaris test for the management of prostate cancer in a Spanish cohort
Transperineal prostatic biopsy and focal therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma treatment
Psycho-oncologic aspects in prostate cancer: the challenge of communicating psychic and sexual suffering
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S6: AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY– HEALTH DIAGNOSIS
APPLIED MODELS IN CANCER RESEARCH
Studies to identify potential biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and therapy: breast cancer model
In vivo models in cancer research
Innovative technologies for cancer research
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S7: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE– ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
IMMUNOMODULATION AND IMMUNE-MEDIATED THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR CHRONIC DISEASES
Immunomodulation in cancer – the case for γδ T cells
New therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases
Preventing malaria at the pre-erythrocytic stage: where are we?
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S8: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE – (RE)HABILITATION
RECOVERY PROCESS OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
Implementation of a peer support program in mental illness
The use of mobile technologies to support psychosocial rehabilitation of people with mental health problems
Needs assessment of families of people with mental illness
Individual placement and support (IPS): how to address employment needs of people with mental health problems in
Porto
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S9: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE – ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
NEW SOLUTIONS FOR OLD PROBLEMS IN NEURONAL DISORDERS
Drug discovery for Machado-Joseph disease
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Modulation of pain-related working memory deficit
Drug addiction: new targets for an old problem
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S10: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE – (RE)HABILITATION
SPEECH THERAPY IN MY LIFE
Returning to active life after aphasia rehabilitation
Down syndrome: a bilingual approach
How stuttering and speech therapy changed my life?
Auditory verbal therapy
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ORAL COMMUNICATIONS SESSIONS
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OCS1: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
OC1: Search for microorganisms in antiseptic, disinfectant and detergent dispensers of a Local Health Care Unit
from Northeast Portugal
OC2: Experimental analysis of the influence of a plastic cap on the microbiological growth in toothbrushes
OC3: Yeast colonization of the oral cavity in an elderly population
OC4: Ionic Liquids – From organic solvents to pharmaceutical applications
OC5: Identification of keratinocytes’ interaction with nanostructured lipid carriers
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OCS2: FREE THEME
OC6: Determination of maximum acceptable weight of schoolbag carriage in one shoulder
OC7: Risk factors for spinal pain in children and/or adolescents: systematic review
OC8: Shoulder muscle timings and sequences during shoulder depression in the scapular plan in subjects with
shoulder pain episodes
OC9: Age effect on kinematic variables of stepping after multidirectional disturbances
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OCS3: FREE THEME
OC10: The consumption of generic medicaments: perception and level of knowledge
OC11: Antibacterial activity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds against clinical isolates
OC12: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in products containing Neem oil
OC13: Cytotoxicity of the soil fungus Pisolithus tinctorius spores against cancer cells – a potential source of
anticancer drugs
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OCS4: FREE THEME
OC14: Risk factors characterization for respiratory and ear infections on children younger than 36 months
OC15: A health model based on the clinical practice of physiotherapists
OC16: Do health professionals hold different views about healthcare rationing than students? A mixed method study
in Portugal
OC17: Evaluation of the effectiveness of different safety education interventions: a study with secondary school
students
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OCS5: FREE THEME
OC18: Toxicity of formaldehyde alternative fixatives to ecological model organisms
OC19: Performance of a new HPLC-based method for 3-NT quantification in different biological matrices
OC20: Predictive factors for incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery
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OC21: Impact of the contact strategy on a program for the reduction of stigma in adolescents in a school context: an
exploratory study
OC22: Portuguese foundation Graphogame: Preliminary results with a socioeconomic variable influence
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OCS6: FREE THEME
OC23: Apparent diffusion coefficient in the analysis of prostate cancer
CO24: Radiographic image quality criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee
OC25: The impact of using a geographic information systems in the assessment of oncological surgery response
OC26: Analysis of the cochlear dose in head and neck cancer radiotherapy
OC27: Analyses of pharyngeal constrictor muscles doses in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients
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OCS7: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE – HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
OC28: Screening of the activity of quercetin-biapigenin and their poly(ε-caprolactone)-loaded nanoparticles in HepG2
cells
OC29: Bisphenol A alters transcript levels of biomarker genes for major depressive disorder
OC30: Diabetic rats lose A2A receptor-mediated facilitation of ileal myenteric cholinergic neurotransmission
OC31: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus – a cross-sectional study in primary health
care
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OCS8: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE
OC32: Assessment of pain characteristics in patients of Clínica Médica Povo Portuense: 3 seasons study
OC33: The influence of knee pain in the incapacity and proprioception in older adults
OC34: Analysis of the shoulder complex muscle activity in the eccentric phase of a Neer protocol exercise
OC35: Effects of a home-based exercise program in body composition and abdominal fat in patients with coronary
artery disease
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OCS9: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE
OC36: Auditory event-related potentials in autism with generalized epilepsy and family members: case report
OC37: People’s with aphasia QOL assessment by speech and language therapists in Portugal
OC38: Impairment of retinal ganglion cells in Leber Optic Neuropathy carriers is linked to cortical plasticity
OC39: HUMMR Acts as a “roadblock” for mitochondrial transport in Alzheimer’s disease
OC40: Brain connectivity leap: multimodal interaction with the human connectome
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OCS10: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
OC41: Visual perception development in children born preterm
OC42: Early Postural Adjustments in gait Initiation in post-stroke subjects
OC43: Shoulder muscle recruitment in subjects with previous episodes of pain
OC44: Can behavioural observations made during the SMART assessment detect the potential for later emergence
from Vegetative State?
OC45: Psychobiological approach to pathological and problematic gambling: A systematic literature review
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS
93
PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
P1: Effects of one session of physical exercise associated to abdominal microcurrent in the global lipolytic rate
P2: Influence of an education session about respiratory infections in children’s health and quality of life
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P3: Assessment of radiation protection practices among Bachelor’s Radiology students of ESTSP-IPP
P4: Sleep quality in nursing students
P5: Microbiological quality control of minced beef and pork
P6: Microbiological characterization on the smoked meat products
P7: Noise exposure in cycling activity: a preliminary study
P8: Occupational exposure to nanoparticles: a case study in a ceramic industry
P9: Relation between occupational exposure to noise and work stress: an exploratory study in industrial environment
P10: Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on gastric cancer: systematic review
P11: How does sleep deprivation, due to night work, affects health care professionals’ quality of life
P12: Toxicity of pentachlorophenol on the reproductive cycle of Eisenia fetida
P13: Determination of Azadirachtin in Neem oil from different origins by HPLC-DAD
P14: Ecotoxicological evaluation of Pentachlorophenol in Avena sativa L. e Glycine max L.
P15: Biological activity of ionic liquids based on bis-pyridinium in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
P16: Bioactivity of ionic liquids based on valproate in the human osteoclastogenesis
P17: Study the activity of cetylpyriridinium cmpicilin on resistant and sensitive Escherichia coli
P18: Benzodiazepines use and factors affecting in patients from Farmácia da Ponte, Portugal
P19: Is antidepressant use associated with breast cancer development? A meta-analysis.
P20: Analysis of the impact of work shift on Burnout syndrome, anxiety, depression and stress
P21: Risk of infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with TNF-α antagonists: a systematic review
P22: Ecotoxicity of Congo red, hematoxylin, safranine and neutral red dyes in green algae and cyanobacteria
P23: Drinking water quality and potential risks related to the presence of biofilms in water taps of Portuguese Schools
P24: Isolation of Actinomycetes from marine sediments with potential to produce bioactive compounds
P25: Carbon footprint of the School of Allied Health Technologies of Polytechnic Institute of Porto
P26: Practices of receiving fish products and the sensory perception of its quality by food operators: the importance
of training programs
P27: Application of microbial Inoculants as a sustainable practice for the production of grain legumes under water
stress
P28: Impact of different storage conditions of formamide in the quality of sequences
P29: Effects of different storage conditions of sequencing products with formamide in the quality of sequences.
P30: Incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: predictive factors
P31: Nucleic acids extraction equipment comparison
P32: Radiographer’s best practices for image quality assurance in diagnostic pediatric pelvic radiopraphs
P33: Physical exercise and it influence in salivary cortisol levels
P34: Yeast colonization of the oral cavity in a young population
P35: Evaluation of disturbances in metabolism related to lipid profile in patients with schizophrenia
P36: Adherence to seasonal vaccination against influenza virus: Motivation of Pharmacy professionals in Iberian
hospitals
P37: Coincidence detection in PET
P38: Tear microRNA concentration in type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients
P39: Cyberbullying, anxiety, depression and stress among adolescents
P40: Post-traumatic stress among adolescents: an exploratory study with LASC (Los Angeles Symptom Checklist)
P42: Socio-economic status and nutritional intake in adolescents
P43: Congenital heart defects in isolated and syndromic context
P44: Computed Tomography Enterography: Contrast agent use in small-bowel imaging and distensibility assessment
P45: Therapeutic profile of diabetic patients of Coimbra
P46: Healthcare professionals happiness and patient satisfaction. The case of physiotherapists
P47: Maintaining the cold chain in the distribution of vaccines in Matosinhos’ Local Health Unit
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P48: Diabetes mellitus in Polytechnic Institute of Bragança community: Characterization and knowledge
P49: Characterization, therapeutics and control of arterial hypertension in patients of pharmacies from Vila Nova de
Famalicão
P50: Communication impact in health outcomes in the intensive care unit: A systematic review
P51: Salivary alpha-amylase activity variation along the menstrual cycle
P52: Cardiovascular rehabilitation program: The influence on cognitive and executive function, kyphotic index, joint
range of tibiotarsal and balance
P53: The influence of upper limb lever in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position on the wall
P54: Supporting the personal autonomy of children with autism spectrum disorder: a software system design and
development
P55: Hand hygiene efficiency: comparison between paper towels and hot air dryers
P56: SureThin as a fixative for impression cytology of ocular specimens
P57: Environmental epigenetics and Daphnia as a model organism
P58: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate modifications associated with time and utilized anticoagulants
P59: Physical activity and low back pain in former athletes
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AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY
P60: Utility of a smartphone application in the execution of Basic Life Support algorithm - exploratory study
P61: Frailty – Prediction of quality of life in a two year follow-up
P62: Frailty – Prediction of disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in a two year
follow-up
P63: The influence of aging on muscle activation timing during backward stepping
P64: Frailty – Prediction of institutionalization and health care utilization in a two years follow-up
P65: Nurses and Speech Therapist in Continuing Care Units: the relevance of working together with patients who
have communication deficits.
P66: Comparing the effects of two different intervention programs on the level of anxiety and depression in elderly
individuals
P67: Age related hearing loss in Portugal: methods and mutations
P68: Polypharmacy and adherence to therapy in elderly
P69: Comparing the effects of two balance intervention programs on the center of pressure oscillation of elderly
individuals
P70: Comparing the effects of two different intervention programs on mobility, balance and risk of falls in elderly
individuals
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NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE
P71: Diabetes Mellitus type II risk assessment in northern Portugal
P72: Physical exercise and quality of life in Ankylosing Spondylitis
P73: Dietary supplements in postpartum depression
P74: Muscle Energy Technique versus PNF: effectiveness on hamstring muscle stretching
P75: Cost-benefit analysis of a job rotation program: Identification and applicability of key indicators.
P76: Caring people with cognitive disorders: Difficulties of students in clinical practice
P77: Body Mass Index and physical activity in diabetic adolescents followed in nutrition consulting at Hospital
Barcelos
P78: Burden on informal caregivers of individual with Neuromuscular Disease
P79: Predictors of functionality in individuals with neuromuscular disease
P80: Blockade of renin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy
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P81: The sedentary physical activity of pregnant women in the second trimester and the relationship with neonatal
outcomes
P82: Influence of the “Porta Aberta à Saúde Mental" program in reducing the self-stigma in the three elements of the
team with experience of mental illness
P83: Gestational weight gain and relationship with sedentary physical activity in the second trimester of pregnancy
P84: Adolescents snacks: Fruit and vegetable consumption
P85: Morphofunctional characterization of the ileum in a type 1 diabetes rat model 7
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NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE
P86: Rehabilitation based on Bobath Concept, of a woman with sequelae of postpartum hemorrhagic stroke – case
study
P87: EEG evidence for mirror neuron system integrity in Down syndrome
P88: Influence of a specific xxercise program ni violin students
P89: Evaluation of brain areas activated when listening to a classical music stretch in musicians and non-musicians:
performing an electroencephalogram (EEG)
P90: Electroencephalographic changes in moral decisions
P91: The effects of anxiety symptoms on postural stability in young adults
P92: Preschool language development program - Study protocol
P93: The effects of cognitive intervention in motor performance on individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic
review
P94: Analysis of oscillatory brain activity in gamers and non-gamers during different cognitive tasks.
P95: Neuromarketing: Validation through neurophysiological techniques
P96: Effects of transthyretin stabilization by wine polyphenols in the modulation of Alzheimer’s disease
P97: Exergaming training for people with dual diagnosis of substance use disorders and severe mental illness: a pilot
study
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TOASTMASTER
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SPONSORS & SUPPORT
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AUTHORS INDEX
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PLENARY SESSIONS
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – PLENARY SESSIONS
1
PS1: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES The Challenges of Higher Education in Portugal
João Queiroz
Direção Geral do Ensino Superior (DGES), Portugal
The Portuguese Higher Education system has been undergoing a profound
reform, in accordance with the European-wide strategy for the modernization of
Higher Education. A series of measures have been introduced in the last years
for the accomplishment of what is known as the Bologna Process. In this communication the organization
of the network of higher education institutions, some data of access in higher education and social action
system as well as some aspects regarding education in health area will be presented. The new higher
education professional courses (TeSP) will be presented. The strategy of internationalization of higher
education in Portugal is another of the topics discussed.
The Impact of Technology on Healthcare Education
Jonathan McNulty
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Technology continues to have a major impact on healthcare and increasingly on
healthcare education. There is an abundance of evidence available from the literature
demonstrating that higher education institutions continue to explore innovation in both
teaching and assessment practices. Much of this innovation involves developments
relating to the enhanced integration of technology in education. This is especially true of health
professional programmes including medicine, nursing, radiography and other allied health professions.
Systematic reviews of the published literature in this field highlights the fact that innovation across higher
education, health professional programmes, surpasses that of many other educational areas. This mirrors
the dynamic, technology-based clinical environment that is modern healthcare. There are, however,
challenges associated with any such technology-based educational innovations These specific challenges
must be carefully considered in parallel with the larger challenges facing higher education institutions, both
nationally and internationally, along with the professions which they contribute to. Through a case study
approach including profession-specific and broader, examples, supported by published peer-reviewed
literature, institutional reports and research, this presentation will consider international best practice in
technology-enhanced teaching and assessment.
2
Ethical and Professional Impact of the New Challenges in Health Technologies
Rui Cernadas
Administração Regional de Saúde do Norte, Portugal
The modern man, like society itself, has become dependent on technologies,
acting or interacting with them, regardless of the scenario in which he moves
or places himself.
The rhythm imposed by this modernity seems to overtake the speed of social,
cultural, economic and political changes, allowing explaining some loss of the so-called values.
Moreover, the contemporary crisis, as well as social marginalization or non-adaptation, entails successive
and interactive maladjustments, which, from pre-graduate training to the job creation policy, upset, waste
and challenge the University, people, sciences and the State.
Once more, the implementation of educational and training processes in Health implies coherent and
continuous procedures for change, in a notion of service, whether public, social or private, that preserves
Man not as a client (as stated in the economic plan), but as an ethical object of the respect for human life
and development. For physicians, the notions of growing and development don’t have a similar meaning.
Therefore, the reflection on the challenges for the professional future of health technicians cannot alienate
the ethical issue, in a paradigm of constant evolution and demand for quality and knowledge.
Paradigms and Challenges in Health Technologies
Anabela Coelho
Divisão de Gestão da Qualidade do Departamento da Qualidade na Saúde, Direção-Geral da Saúde, Portugal
3
PS2: BIOETHICS: THE NEW CHALLENGES Bioethics, New Challenges
Rui Nunes
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Portugal
Concept of bioethics according to Van Potter. A new – trans and interdisciplinary –
field. Medical ethics as a branch of bioethics and as the foundation of professional
deontology. Ethics codes. The principles of biomedical ethics (Beauchamp and
Childress): respect for personal autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice.
Ethical codes from several health professions. The Deontological Code from the Portuguese Medical
Association and the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe. The
UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights.
Bioethics and Laboratorial Tests
Fernando J. Regateiro
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC), Portugal
Ethics, Bioethics and global Bioethics – remembering Daniel Serrão. The
causes of things: genetics, epigenetics and environment. New knowledge
and new challenges. Uncertainties. Progresses and ethical issues.
Principles to bear in mind. Ethical benchmarks in a laboratory. Science
does not solve ethical dilemmas. “Harm is not in science… it is in man” – remembering Luís Archer
New challenges in therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation. Once again: from the object (the
disease) to the subject (the patient)
Maria Angeles Lidia Santos
Universidad Pública de Navarra, Espanha
The scientific and technological developments, constant in the history of
mankind, present themselves today differing in two main aspects: their
capacity to transform the way how we live (with all the underlying
expectations) and how fast they do that. We live in an era of (r)evolution and in a period of transition, also
in relation to healthcare.
4
The present time: from information asymmetry to the patient’s empowerment
An intelligent cooperation between patients and health professionals constitutes the challenge of
therapeutic interventions, more than the intervention itself. The challenging task consists in changing
ways, which come from the past, to follow a patient who doesn’t have the same role neither the same
need.
The future knocking at our door: from uncertainty to the cognitive systems
Biotechnology is hastening a change in clinical practice, and it will also change the way how healthcare is
provided. Thus, the corresponding tasks of each professional will definitely need to change and adapt to a
new reality. Technology will reinvent the Health field as we currently know it.
Ethics: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. The future concerns us all.
Social, cultural, political and technological changes will force health professions to evolve towards a
patient-centred model, meaning shared decisions and dialogue. Hope does not end with the limits of
medicine; however, the coexistence of an ethics of denial (not all expectations can be fulfilled) an ethics of
ignorance (the humility to share the limits with patients) and a human ethics will become fundamental and
should be developed.
5
PS3: AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY
Common Problems, Diverse Solutions: Models of Organization of LTC Across Europe
Alexandra Lopes
Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto (FLUP), Portugal
Long-term care (LTC) is commonly understood as encompassing the
range of services and assistance for people who, as a result of mental
and/or physical frailty and/or disability over an extended period of time,
depend on help with daily living activities and/or are in need of some
permanent nursing care. Despite, or even because of the challenges of the ageing of the population and
the need to restore an environment conducive to restoring growth and jobs, it is important not to lose sight
of the fact that there is a need to ensure that people’s needs are covered adequately – indeed that the
“rights” and the expectations that the European social model implies are satisfied. The last decades, all
across Europe, and more so over the last 5 years, have been dominated by the need to reconcile issues
of rights, dignity, quality of life and autonomy with the need for fiscal austerity and public expenditure
decrease. Different countries across Europe have been following different paths in pursuing of this
common goal. In this communication we will go through some of those paths and present key elements of
each fundamental model of long-term care organization that can be found across EU countries. The
purpose is to offer some critical insights that can inform the public debate about the sustainability of longterm care in Portugal.
Active Ageing
Manuel Vilaverde Cabral
Instituto do Envelhecimento da Universidade Nova Lisboa (IE UL), Portugal
6
Ageing, Challenge and Opportunity
João O. Malva
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra; Instituto de Investigação
Interdisciplinar da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
The European society is currently facing challenges created by strong demographic
changes and by their social and economic impact. In Portugal, this challenge is
particularly important due to the frailty of its economy and the fast-growing ageing of
populations. In 2060, Portugal will be on top of all the European countries with the lowest birth rate and the
biggest percentage of senior citizens, who depend on the care provided by other senior citizens.
Therefore, being a current priority, elderly people’s good health will have a great social implication and will
contribute in a decisive way to the economic sustainability of both the healthcare and the welfare systems.
The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing challenged its European partners to
identify and replicate innovative good practices that can promote an active and healthy ageing,
contributing to increase in 2 years the active and healthy life of the European citizens, until 2020. This
deeply interdisciplinary project counts with the participation of healthcare professionals as the agents of
change from a reactive medicine to a medicine of prevention, as well as to a better “Adhesion to Therapy”,
“Prevention and Management of Fall Consequences”, “Frailty Prevention” and “Integrated Health
Solutions”.
The consortium ‘Ageing@Coimbra - European Reference Site for an Active and Healthy Ageing’ will be
briefly presented, namely its structure and its mission. This consortium is the result of a network of
partners who perceives the ageing of populations both as a challenge and as an opportunity. This oral
communication will also present strategic projects in the domains of Polymedication Management
(Sympathy), Advanced Knowledge (ERA Chair, ERA@UC) and Research on the Ageing of Populations
(Teaming, MIA). The consortium EIT Health – Knowledge and Innovation Communities will also be
presented.
7
PS4: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE
Tumor Heterogeneity and Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance
José Carlos Machado
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP); Instituto de Patologia Imunologia da Universidade do
Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
Cancer treatment has improved significantly, with a wide range of therapeutic
strategies for oncologists to pick up. Despite this, some tumors remain incurable and
response to treatment is often of limited duration. Intra-tumor heterogeneity, defined as
heterogeneity within the primary tumor and between the primary tumor and its
metastasis, contributes to treatment failure by confounding prognosis and biomarker evaluation, and by
the emergence of resistant sub-clones. It is therefore fundamental to decipher the mechanisms underlying
intra-tumor heterogeneity and its dynamics, including the crosstalk between tumor cells and the
microenvironment, and to assess the impact of heterogeneity on the efficiency of therapeutic strategies.
This presentation will review recent developments on cancer therapy and biomarker assessment, and
strategies to circumvent therapy resistance.
Stratified Models of Physiotherapy Care in Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions
Eduardo Brazete Cruz
Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal (ESS.IPS), Portugal
Research studies on the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for patients
with chronic musculoskeletal conditions have been unable to show a clear
superiority or benefit of any particular treatment, with different treatments apparently
leading to a similar and significant improvement in the patient’s symptoms or with
differences between treatment effects that are often modest.
Several different reasons have been presented to explain these results and multiple studies have
demonstrated that patients respond differently to treatment and that the average treatment effect sizes do
not fully characterize the spectrum of treatment responses observed in chronic pain patients.
Consequently, mean differences in trials may obscure wide individual clinical important variation in
responses to treatment.
The heterogeneity in the responses to treatment found across studies has been used as the main
argument for the need of a stratified approach to healthcare. Stratified healthcare is an approach which
subdivides patients into groups based on their risk of developing specific diseases/ conditions or their
response to particular treatments. The ultimate goal of this approach is to enable healthcare professionals
8
to provide ‘the right treatment, for the right person, at the right time’.
The STarT Back approach is an example of a stratified care approach. The STarT Back uses a brief
prognostic questionnaire designed to match patients to cost –effective treatment packages based on
modifiable risk factors (biomedical, psychological and social) for poor clinical outcome. According to the
resulting score patients are stratified into low, medium or high risk categories of developing persistent pain
and then matched to the respective treatment package. The use of the questionnaire along with targeted
treatments has been shown to improve efficiency regarding referral to physiotherapy and the patients’
clinical outcomes, also reducing health care costs.
New Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches for Metabolic Disturbances
Sílvia V. Conde1, Sacramento JF1, Ribeiro MJ1, Melo BF1, Ferreira C1, and Guarino MP1,2
1 CEDOC,
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
UIS-Unidade de Investigação em Saúde- Escola Superior de Saúde de Leiria- Instituto Politécnico de Leiria,
Portugal.
2
Metabolic diseases, like diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and obesity affect millions
of individuals across Europe and represent a group of chronic diseases of very high
prevalence and relatively low therapeutic success; making them very suitable
candidates for studies of disease mechanisms. Recently, a new line of research
linking the sympathetic nervous system to metabolic diseases has emerged with the
report that the carotid bodies (CBs) are involved in the development of insulin resistance and hypertension
(Ribeiro et al., 2013, Diabetes, 62:2905-16). The CBs are arterial chemoreceptors that classically sense
changes in arterial blood O2, CO2, and pH levels and whose activity is now known to be increased in
rodent models of metabolic diseases. We have shown that selective bilateral resection of the sensitive
nerve of the CB, the carotid sinus nerve, totally prevents diet-induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia,
dyslipidemia, hypertension as well as sympathoadrenal overactivity (Ribeiro et al. 2013, Diabetes,
62:2905-16). These results imply that the beneficial effect of carotid sinus nerve cut on insulin action and
glucoregulation is modulated by target-related efferent sympathetic nerves through a reflex that is initiated
in the CBs. Therefore the modulation of CB activity will allow future therapeutic interventions for metabolic
diseases. In the present session, the new physiopathological mechanisms and the emerging therapeutic
approaches for metabolic diseases will be discussed.
Supported by: EXPL/NEU-SCC/2183/2013 (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology). MJ Ribeiro by
SFR/BD/88983/2012. JF Sacramento by PD/BD/105890/2014.
9
PS5: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE
Neurosciences: From Intervention to Clinical Practice
Alexandre Castro Caldas
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
(ICS.UCP), Portugal
The progress of the knowledge on the nervous system’s physiology and
physiopathology, based on a wide elementary research, is often
addressed to the resolution of clinical problems. The operationalization
of this passage relies on the translation sciences, whose knowledge is necessary. Some illustrative
examples of these processes will be given.
Non-declarative Memory: From Research to the Clinical Practice
Sara Cavaco
Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
It has been widely demonstrated that patients with severe memory deficits for facts and episodes are able
to learn new perceptual-motor skills and to retain skills acquired pre-morbidly. However, the neural
structures involved in the acquisition of new perceptual-motor skills are still a matter of debate in cognitive
neuroscience. Human brain lesion data will be presented and its implications for rehabilitation will be
discussed.
Modulation of Abeta toxicity in Alzheimer Disease
Isabel Cardoso
Instituto de Biologia celular e Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IBMC.UP); Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde (I3S), Porto, Portugal
Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, worldwide, and
its complexity makes this neurodegenerative disorder one of the most
investigated pathologies in the last years. The molecular mechanisms responsible
for the known pathological features are very controversial, and still remain
unclear. Therefore, understanding how this neurological disease really operates
and exposing factors or molecules that modulate or that can be used to modulate the disease are two
crucial aspects in deciphering AD, and constitute an avenue for therapeutic intervention. TTR is a
protective molecule in AD, binds ABeta (Ab) peptide, thought to be the causative agent in this disorder,
avoiding its deposition in the brain and associated toxicity. We showed that TTR/Ab binding can be
10
modulated by using TTR tetrameric stabilizers, and thus, one of our aims is to perform a screening among
TTR stabilizers, including new derivatives from known compounds, to identify drugs as good as or better
than the ones already identified.
In this talk I will briefly describe our main achievements in this area, the tools and models in use and
explain our progress, which goes from understanding and identifying factors affecting TTR/Ab interaction
to the in vivo evaluation of a potential therapeutic compound.
11
12
SYMPOSIUMS
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – SYMPOSIUMS
13
S1: PARADIGMS
AND
CHALLENGES
IN
HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – ENVIRONMENT
AND
HEALTH
Breakthroughs and Innovations in Pharmacy
The objective of the present symposium is to explore the new breakthroughs and Innovations in the
pharmacy field. These innovations play a major role in improving the health care system and may range
from the discovery of new medicines to the application of technology.
These pharmacy advancements have helped to improve quality of life for people facing all kinds of
conditions, from Cancer to Alzheimer.
Speakers will address the following topics focusing on discoveries that may have a major impact on
improving patient care and modernizing the pharmacy field, along with some examples of innovations
currently under investigation.
Moderator: Agostinho Cruz (ESTSP.IPP)
New drugs from traditional medicines: pharmacological evaluation of plant extracts from Chapada
Diamantina (Brazil)
Cláudia Pinho1,2, Ana I. Oliveira1,2, Nilson Paraíso3,4, Ana C. Carvalho2,5, Carla Calçada2, Cristovao F.
Lima2, Alberto C.P. Dias2
1Center
for Research and Information in Pharmacy-NIIF, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA, School
of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2CITAB – Departament of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
3Departamento de Biointeração, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Brasil
4Aromas Biotecnologia & Agrobusiness, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
5CBMA – Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre, Departament of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Introduction: Plants are rich sources of medicines and Brazil is among the most biodiverse nations in the
world.
Objectives: The work focus on the pharmacological evaluation of four plant extracts from Chapada
Diamantina (Brazil), particularly the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.
Materials and Methods: The work started with an ethnopharmacological survey and data were collected
using interviews in the community of Igatu (Bahia). Poiretia bahiana (Pb), Acritopappus confertus (Ac),
Cuphea carthagenensis (Cc) and Polygala multiceps (Pm), were selected for further studies, based on
their high use among the community and their lack of scientific information. Antioxidant effect of the
extracts were determined by DPPH and superoxide scavenging assay, Fe2+ chelating activity, lipid
peroxidation and measurement of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes
was also determined. Pb and Ac were tested for their cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, using MTT
assay.
14
Results and Discussion: Plants selected are traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments, and
despite its traditional use, there is a lack of investigation on their pharmacological properties. HPLC
fingerprints of the extracts showed the presence of several phenolics. All extracts significantly decreased
cell death induced by t-BOOH. Pm exhibited effective scavenging of superoxide radical and Fe2+
chelating ability. Incubation of HepG2 cells with Cc and Pm extracts also induced significantly increased in
GSH levels and expression of cytoprotective enzymes. Pb and Ac demonstrated, in general, cytotoxic
activity against cell lines tested.
Conslusion: Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the relationship between the compounds
present in plant extracts and their protective and cytotoxic effects.
Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the residents of the community of Igatu for their cooperation during the
interviews. This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), projects PTDC/AGRALI/105169/2008 and PEst-OE/AGR/UI4033/2014 and by ESTSP-IPP (Programa de Formação Avançada de
Docentes).
Development of polymeric nanoparticles containing neuroprotective compounds of Hypericum
perforatum
Ana Isabel Oliveira1,2, Cláudia Pinho1,2, Pedro Fonte3,4, Bruno Sarmento4,5,6, Alberto CP Dias2
Center for Research and Information in Pharmacy-NIIF, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA, School
2 Agrobioplant Group (CITAB-UM), Biology Department, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
3 REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences – Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
4CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto
Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
5I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
6INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal
1
Introduction: Neurodegenerative process involves several mechanisms. Hypericum perforatum extracts
have been used for their antidepressive effects. A selected fraction (HP) of these extracts proved to be
neuroprotective.
Objectives: Study the neuroprotective potential of H. perforatum selected compounds and entrap them into
polymeric nanoparticles for brain delivery.
Materials and Methods: Compound isolation from H. perforatum was performed through isolation and
purification methods and characterized by HPLC-DAD. HP poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)-nanoparticles were
prepared by nanoprecipitation, extensively characterized and antioxidant activity was assessed. HP and
its nanoparticles assessment of cellular toxicity was performed by MTT assay in several cell lines. To
study HP ability to protect cells against t-BOOH-induced toxicity two incubation regimens were used. In
the lipid peroxidation assay, co-incubation regimen was used. Permeability assays of HP and its
nanoparticles were performed in an in vitro BBB model.
15
Results and Discussion: A mixture of quercetin and biapigenin was isolated from H. perforatum and
successfully encapsulated on PCL nanoparticles. The better proportion of PCL: HP of those studied, was
of 1:0.1, with association efficiency of 99.7% and loading capacity of 5.3%. On the release profile, biphasic
release was verified, including an initial burst followed by a slow release. Antioxidant activity assays
revealed that encapsulation didn’t alter HP functional properties. All cell lines responded differently to HP
and its nanoparticles. Effects of HP and its nanoparticles against t-BOOH-induced lipid peroxidation were
coherent with MTT results. Regarding permeability assay, HP PCL-loaded nanoparticles revealed to be
more permeable than HP.
Conclusion: This is the first report of effective encapsulation of HP into PCL nanoparticles and also
revealed its potential for brain delivery. More studies are however needed in order to extrapolate to in vivo
situations.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by FCT, projects PTDC/AGR-ALI/105169/2008, PEstOE/AGR/UI4033/2014. Ana Isabel Oliveira is supported by ESTSP-IPP (Programa de Formação Avançada de
Docentes).
Role of pharmacogenomics in predicting antidepressant response and individualizing therapy
Marlene Santos1,2,3 Serafim Carvalho4,5, Luís Lima6,2, Jorge Mota-Pereira7, Paulo Pimentel8, Dulce Maia8,
Diana Correia4, Sofia Gomes4, Agostinho Cruz2, Rui Medeiros1,9,10,11
1Molecular
Oncology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto,
Portugal
2Center for Research and Information in Pharmacy-NIIF, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA, School
3Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
4Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal
5Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Norte, Portugal
6Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
7Clínica Médico-Psiquiátrica da Ordem, Porto, Portugal
8Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Hospital Centre, Vila Real, Portugal
9Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University
of Porto, Porto, Portugal
10Health Faculty of University Fernando Pessoa, CEBIMED, Porto, Portugal
11Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (Norte), Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent chronic psychiatric condition with
significant morbidity. Despite several antidepressants drugs (AD) available, a wide fraction of patients fail
to respond, present relapse or display treatment resistant depression (TRD). Pharmacogenomics could
help identify patients at risk of relapse or TRD and possibly have a direct impact on personalizing therapy.
Additionally, recent studies suggested that immune activation and cytokines may be involved in
depression, and its normalization occurs after antidepressant treatment. The proinflammatory cytokines
interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-6 are less reported in depression, but considered to be relevant since they
have been found to be increased in patients with depression.
16
Objectives: Since IL6 and IL18 polymorphisms have never been studied in antidepressant treatment
phenotypes, we evaluated their role in AD treatment phenotypes, specifically remission, relapse and TRD.
Materials and Methods: We genotyped the referred polymorphisms using Sequenom MassARRAY
technology in a subset of 80 MDD patients followed at Hospital Magalhães Lemos, within a period of 27
months, treated with AD according with Texas Medical Algorithm.
Results and Discussion: We found that patients carrying IL6-174GG genotype are more prone to develop
TRD as well (OR=4.125; 95%CI: [1.151-14.786]; p=0.038). Regarding IL-18 polymorphisms we observed
that patients carrying IL18-607CA/AA genotypes are more prone to relapse after AD treatment (OR=4.145;
95%CI: [1.038-16.555]; p=0.043) and present a lower time to relapse than patients carrying CC genotype
(69vs115 weeks, p=0.019, Log-rank test). We also observed that patients carrying IL18-137GC/CC
genotypes have a higher risk of relapse (OR=3.988; 95%CI: [1.176-13.516]; p=0.022) and display relapse
earlier than the ones carrying GG genotype (64vs112 weeks, p=0.006, Log-rank test).
Conslusion: The referred polymorphisms influence antidepressant treatment phenotypes in our subset of
MDD patients. They should to be integrated with others to develop a profile to detected patients at risk of
relapse or TRD.
A step towards personalized medicine: establishment of a pharmacogenomics profile of response
to BCG intravesical immunotherapy in bladder cancer
Luís Lima1,2, José A Ferreira1, Rui Medeiros3, Lúcio Santos1
1Experimental
Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto
3Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto
2Center
Introduction: The most effective adjuvant therapy of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during
the last 35 years has been the intravesical instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). However,
despite its efficacy, approximately 30% of the patients present treatment failure and tumor may progress.
Objective: The goal of this work was to evaluate the predictive value of genetic polymorphisms in the
context of BCG immunotherapy outcome and create a predictive profile that may allow the early
identification of patients at risk of treatment failure.
Material and Methods: In a dataset of 204 NMIBC patients treated with BCG, we evaluate 42 genetic
polymorphism in 38 genes involved in the BCG mechanism of action, using Sequenom MassARRAY
technology. Stepwise multivariate Cox Regression analysis was used to create a profile that could predict
treatment response.
Results and Discussion: We propose the first predictive profile of BCG immunotherapy outcome and a risk
score based on polymorphisms in immune system molecules [single nucleotide polymorphisms in tumour
necrosis factor (TNFA)-1031T/C (rs1799964), interleukin 2 receptor (IL2RA) rs2104286 T/C, IL17A-
17
197G/A (rs2275913), IL17RA-809A/G (rs4819554), IL18R1 rs3771171 T/C, intercellular adhesion
molecule 1 (ICAM-1) K469E (rs5498), Fas ligand (FASL)-844T/C (rs763110) and TNF-related apoptosisinducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAILR1)-397T/G (rs79037040)] in association with clinicopathological
variables, that permits to categorize patients into risk groups. According to our model, patients within the
Low Risk groups have a 90% chance of successful treatment, whereas patients in the High Risk groups
present 75% chance of recurrence after BCG treatment.
Conclusion: This study has allowed the establishment of a genetic risk score that could stratify patients
according to the risk of recurrence after BCG immunotherapy. This score may be a helpful tool to identify
patients with poor prognosis and to improve clinical decision.
18
S2: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – MANAGEMENT, LEARNING
AND COMMUNICATION
What Happens Throughout the First Year of Higher Education?
To McInnis and colleagues (1995), entering higher education can prove to be a difficult obstacle for the the
majority of students. The abrupt change of environment can translate into inability to make academic,
social and personal adjustments to university life, producing anxiety and anguish, which affect habitual
coping mechanisms (Rickinson & Rutherford, 1995; Lowe & Cook, 2003; Almeida, 2007; Diniz & Almeida;
Ferreira, Almeida & Soares, 2001; Gonçalves & Cruz, 1988; Soares 2003; Soares, Guizande & Almeida,
2007).
It’s essential that, from the very first moment, the novel student be taught to mobilise and activate
resources – knowledge, skills, and strategies – in different problematic situations.
Since the pioneering contributions of Sanford (1962), numerous theories and research studies have been
developed both on the way the novel student learns and evolves and also on academic environment and
its impact on performance (Meyer & Marx, 2014). However, the biggest failure and dropout rates still occur
in the first year.
This symposium aims to present current research data in different areas of education and reflect on the
development of strategic measures with the goal of assuring student education standards.
Moderator: Ana Salgado (ESTSP.IPP)
Life quality of students in PBL and traditional teaching models
Ana Silva, Leonor G. Miranda, Alexandra Oliveira, Ana Salgado, Andreia Magalhães, Joaquim Faias,
Rosa Oliveira
School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
Introduction: Getting into Higher Education presents demanding solicitations that may affect academic
performance, health and Quality of Life (QL).
Objectives: Compare the QOL perceptions among students from PBL and Traditional Teaching;
Understand if individual characteristics, behaviors or events, such as gender, hours of sleep, physical
activity, smoking, moving house and use of time, can predict QOL in these two groups of students.
Materials and Methods: This is an observational study. The group of participants (n = 68) mostly female
(73.5%) with mean age 19.7 (3.8) years, includes students from PBL (45.6%) and Traditional Education
(54.4%). A sociodemographic questionnaire and WHOQOL-Brief was applied. A multivariate analysis
(significance level of 0.05) was performed.
19
Results and Discussion: PBL students reported less satisfaction with the Social Domain of QL (p <0.05). In
the entire group, it was found that smoking, body mass index and the change of residence were Global
Domain predictors of QF (p <0.05). Traditional Education in the Global Domain of QL can be explained by
the Body Mass Index and the Physical Activity vigorous (p <0.05). While in the PBL, the Physical Domain
of QL can be partly explained by the variation in the number of hours of sleep and the Social Domain of
QL (p <0.05). The reduced number of participants leads to a careful interpretation of the results.
Conclusion: The study suggests that QL may be related with students’ behaviours, with some differences
between pedagogical methods. Also seems to indicate the importance of promoting health literacy in
relation to healthy behaviour among college students. More research is needed about this topic.
How do novel engineering students describe their time management?
Carina Guimarães1, Pedro Rosário2 & Ana Salgado3
1Department
of Psychology and Education, Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal
of Psychology, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
3Department of Social and Human Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila
Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2School
Introduction: Regarding higher education in Europe, the quality and effectiveness of learning are the main
goals. Researchers, teachers, higher education institutions and governmental entities seek to understand
the underlying factors of the teaching-learning process, especially during freshman year, whose
experiences are so determinant in the academic outcome. Previous studies suggest a positive relationship
between time management and academic and professional performance, resorting to quantitative
methodologies. It’s also important to comprehend the academic experience of the novel student in direct
speech.
Objectives: This qualitative study aims to analyze the computer engineering freshman’s perception on time
management, and explore the differences in discourse about that self-regulating behavior in two groups
(high admission mark and low admission mark).
Materials and Methods: Twenty computer engineering freshmen from two national higher education
institutions were interviewed in three different times. After the verbatim transcription of this study’s sixty
interviews, there followed a content analysis, with the adoption of a deductive process, resorting to the text
analysis software NVivo, version 10 (QSR International Pty Ltd, 2010).
Results and Discussion: The participants’ discourse highlights time management as one of the processes
that reveal themselves to be more difficult in first year. Throughout the freshman year, according to
perception of both groups, the bar is raised through pace and subject complexity, through uncountable
assessment criteria, but the two groups adopt different behaviour. The group with the high admission mark
tried to activate new strategies and the group with the low admission mark doesn’t know how to do it.
20
Conclusion: According to students it’s important that the university promote the development of selfregulating processes (like time management), especially during the first years of the degree and that it
revise its curricular development policies, namely teaching and assessment strategies.
Longitudinal relationships between self-esteem, social integration and emotional adjustment in
first-year students
Alexandra M. Araújo1, Leandro S. Almeida 2
1Oporto
Global University (Universidade Portucalense), Portugal
of Minho, Braga, Portugal
2University
Introduction: As they transition to university, first-year students face significant developmental, academic,
and psychosocial challenges. An important resource for successfully navigating this transition is positive
psychosocial functioning.
Objectives: In this study, we examined the relationships between self-esteem, social integration and
emotional adjustment, throughout the first year in university.
Materials and Methods: Participants were 524 Portuguese first-year university students (184 males and
340 females), with ages ranging from 17 to 22 years (M = 18.69, SD = .83), enrolled in a variety of
undergraduate programs in Social Sciences and Humanities and Sciences and Technologies. Students
were assessed in class, using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) to measure selfesteem and a pool of items from the Adaptation to Higher Education Scale (Araújo et al., 2014) to assess
emotional adjustment and social integration. The repeated measures were collected in the first semester
(Wave 1) and in the second semester (Wave 2). We used cross-lagged structural equation modeling to
study the longitudinal relationships between the three indicators of adjustment.
Results and Discussion: Self-esteem, emotional well-being, and social adjustment at Wave 1 were used to
predict self-esteem, emotional adjustment, and social integration at Wave 2, with gender as the
independent variable of the three variables. The model provided good fit to the data. Results showed that
gender predicted emotional well-being at Waves 1 and 2, self-esteem at Wave1, and social integration at
Wave 2. As expected, self-esteem, emotional adjustment, and social integration were positively
associated at both waves. Furthermore, the findings suggest that there is stability in students’ adjustment,
as measured in the first and in the second semester in university.
Conclusion: This study shows that it is possible and justifiable to assess students as early as in the first
semester, in order to signal those who are at risk for adjustment problems later on.
Acknowledgments: The first author received funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
(FCT) as a Post-Doctoral Grant, under grant agreement number SFRH/BPD/85856/2012.
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Associations between empathy and personality in allied health sciences 1st year students from
ESTSP IPP
Ana Salgado, Artemisa Rocha Dores, Helena Martins, Andreia Magalhães & Zita Sousa
Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies , Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila
Introduction: The positive impact of the communication skills in the context of health care professions is
widely accepted. However little is known about empathy and personality among students in Allied Health
Sciences (AHS) programmes.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to test hypothetical associations between personality
dimensions and empathy scores in undergraduate students from different AHS programmes.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 298 students completed the Portuguese version of Jefferson Scale of
Physician Empathy (JSPE-spv), which measures domains, such as Compassionate Care and Perspective
Taking, and the Portuguese version of NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), which characterizes
participants in terms of five personality dimensions: Neuroticism, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Openness
to Experience, and Conscientiousness.
Results and Discussion: Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to ensure adequate psychometric
properties of the measures. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Pearson Correlations
assessed relationships between personality and empathy. The results confirm positive associations
between empathy and agreeableness, extroversion and consciousness dimensions. Neuroticism is
positively associated with emotional detachment, and openness to experience is associated with
perspective taking and compassionate care, but seems to have no influence on emotional detachment.
Perspective taking and compassionate care are highly associated with “positive” personality dimensions;
the same cannot be said regarding emotional detachment.
Conclusion: The importance of fostering empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized
in international recommendations for the core curriculum in health care professions. The results are
relevant to understand how empathy and personality in AHS students are associated and how to better
train these skills in a holistic way, regarding implications for professional practice. Longitudinal studies to
examine these and other variables over time are underway.
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S3: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – MANAGEMENT, LEARNING
AND COMMUNICATION
Training of Communicational Skills in Healthcare Professions: Research and Practices
Research shows positive effects of clinical communication in several patient biopsychosocial indicators.
Considering this, clinical communication is an important skill in the performance of healthcare professions.
Although training and practice of these skills can yield positive results, it is important additional research.
Little is known about the existence of differences in the profiles of students choosing programmes from
different areas of Allied Health Technologies (AHT) or Medicine, and over increasing school years. The
goal of this symposium is to present and compare clinical communication in students from different AHT
programmes and attending different school years of work.
The studies presented are discussed in the context of the competence profile of each training programme
and regarding implications for professional practice. Effects of training are also discussed.
This research is important for the characterization of the communicational profile of AHT and Medicine
students and for the inspection of the effects of training over time.
Moderator: Artemisa Rocha Dores (ESTSP.IPP)
Training and research in communication skills at FMUP’s medical psychology unit
Irene P Carvalho, Margarida Figueiredo-Braga, Vanessa G Pais, Ivone Castro-Vale, Raquel Pedrosa,
Filipa R Silva, Susana S Almeida, Raquel Ribeiro-Silva, Ana Teles, Raquel Martins, Luís Correia, Joana
Monteiro, Isabel Taveira Gomes, Henrique Salgado, Dilermando Sobral, Rui Mota-Cardoso.
Medical Psychology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Porto
Introduction: Communication traditionally regarded as a vocational or intuitive skill appears as a source of
significant obstacles and difficulties to the quality of the healthcare provided. The need to train these
competencies emerged. The Medical Psychology Unit of the Faculty of Medicine, Porto University (FMUP)
took the initiative to train communication competencies applied to clinical contexts in 2001.
Objectives: The objective of this work is to present this training practice of the FMUP’s Medical
Psychology Unit, as well as its associated research.
Materials and Methods: The objective of the pedagogic practice is to develop interpersonal and
communication skills, contributing to a more effective therapeutic process, approaching the individual as a
whole and in his specific situation.
The teaching methodology consists in a theoretically-based practice, and is initially carried through
theoretical presentations and discussions, followed by the visualization of representations and practice
23
among peers. The practical situations are subjected to reflection and discussion among peers, oriented by
teachers. Initially applied in simulations performed in safe environments, the attitudes and skills are
transferred to the real clinical contexts of the participants.
The Medical Psychology Unit of FMUP has conducted several studies on clinical communication, which
include the application (and subsequent assessment) of the obtained competencies to practice in
numerous contexts (e,g., oncology, adhesion to therapies).
Results and Discussion: This pedagogic practice proves to be effective, as it improves communication and
develops the self-confidence of the participants in clinical contacts. Conclusions of the studies are
succinctly described.
Conclusion: Research in this domain is essential to enhance the quality of pedagogic practices and to
influence the performance of the future health professionals.
What is the state of the art on empathy development in medical students? A scoping review
Alexandra Ferreira-Valente, Joana S. Monteiro, Rita M. Barbosa, Patrício Costa, Ana Salgueira and
Manuel J. Costa
School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Introduction: Empathy is a crucial ingredient for a successful communication between patients and
doctors. Yet, previous studies that have focused on empathy development during medical education, have
found declines in the empathy of students.
Objectives: The aims were to review studies assessing the development of medical student empathy
along undergraduate training in different countries and challenge the prevailing view that medical schools
are contributing to empathy declines.
Materials and Methods: A scoping review methodology following a six-stage framework. From 210 articles
initially identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were further reviewed.
Results and Discussion: The review highlights the state of the literature written in English, Spanish,
Portuguese and French, from 2009 to 2014. The scoped studies show diverse designs, methods and
results. Findings refute the prevailing view that empathy declines during medical education.
Conclusion: No final conclusions can be drawn on the influence of method/design and culture on
inconsistencies found. Future directions for research and implications for developing teaching programs
are discussed.
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Research on communicational skills at the Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa.
Ana Grilo1, Ana Gomes2, Margarida Santos1, Joana Santos-Rita3
1Department
of Humanities and Social Sciences, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of
Lisbon, Portugal
2Lusíadas Lisboa Hospital, Portugal
3ACES Loures-Odivelas, Portugal
Introduction: The last decades are known for important contributions that relocated the teaching of
communication skills as one of the central aspects in the training of health professionals. Communication
is recognized today, by WHO and several medical associations, as one of the core skills to develop in
physicians.
Objectives: This communication highlights the results obtained in two investigations carried out with
students, health professionals and patients. In the first work, the purpose was to assess the orientation
adopted by health professionals and students in patient care. Second research examined the subjective
experience of patients who undergo diagnostic exams related to cancer diagnostic (PET/CT and
mammography).
Materials and methods: Subjects from health-related courses, as Pharmacy (N=165), Physiotherapy
(N=180), and Nursing (N=394) completed the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale. Patients who
performed PET/CT (N=232) and mammography (N=130) fill out a questionnaire after the procedure in
order to meet their subjective experience associated to these medical procedures. Statistical analyses
were performed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22.0. Descriptive
statistics were assessed and independent samples t tests (Kruskal Wallis) were conducted to examine
mean differences between groups.
Results and Discussion: Students from health-related courses achieved low levels of patient centreness
that increased over the academic training, but significantly decline in professionals’ sample. More than a
third of patients who perform tests for diagnosis of cancer claims that it was not given information about
the procedure, and present levels of anxiety that can compromise the quality of the exams.
Conclusion: Patient centreness, as well as the communication and attendance during medical procedures
can be improved in the academic context and that the curricula of the schools can influence decisively the
attitudes of future health professionals.
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Training and research in communication skills at the School of Allied Health Technologies of Porto
Artemisa R Dores, Ana Salgado, Andreia Magalhães, João P Pedroso, Zita Sousa, Helena Martins
Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila
Introduction: Communication skills, often considered transversal, have recently been regarded, in the
health field, as technical competencies crucial to professional practice. Nevertheless, little is known about
the effects of training in communication skills to the area of health technologies, and the relation with
psychological variables.
Objectives: The objective of this work is to present the ongoing research project at the School of Allied
Health Technologies of Porto (ESTSP) and to debate the main results. In addition, it is also expected to
map the course units which contribute, in an explicit way, to the training in this domain.
Materials and Methods: This project consisted in a longitudinal and controlled study, with a moment of
evaluation in the beginning of each academic year. 703 students were recruited and gave written informed
consent. The mean age was 20.58 years (SD = 2.71, range 17-38 years). The questionnaires were filled in
online. The instruments administered were the Brief-COPE, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule,
the NEO Five Factor Inventory, the Communication Skills Attitude Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity
Index, and a Socio-demographic Questionnaire (Dores et al., 2014).
Results and Discussion: There seem to be differences between courses, with/without direct relation
between patients, and in some courses it is possible to observe the effect of training in variables such as
empathy.
Conclusion: Research in this domain may contribute to a growing awareness on the importance of
communication skills and, consequently, to the development of favourable attitudes towards the
integration of disciplines related to this topic in the curricula.
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S4: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES – HEALTH DIAGNOSIS
Histochemistry: Implementation of Extern Quality Assurance
The assessment of histochemical techniques is qualitative and requires the use of positive controls
specific to each method. As the evaluation of the results can be subjective, there is a great need for
laboratories to participate in external quality control schemes in histochemistry. In Portugal there is no
such systematic control. A model of external quality control has recently been proposed and implemented
in the northern region of the country. A group of hospital and veterinary histopathologic laboratories are
conducting periodic exercises that involve the execution of commonly used histochemistry techniques,
which are then evaluated by a panel of peers. In addition to promoting the awareness of the need for
external quality control, this exercise enhances the ability of the technician in evaluating the resultant
stains. It encourages dialogue between participants, disseminates best practices, permits discussions on
alternative methods and proposes solutions when results are inadequate.
This symposium will describe the process of setting up the scheme and the experiences of some of the
participating centers, with accounts of the difficulties experienced and the improvements that were
subsequently introduced into routine practice.
Moderator: José Amaro Frutuoso (ESTSP.IPP)
A model of external quality control
José Amaro Frutuoso1,2 and Regina A. Silva2
1Pathology
Department of Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Allied
Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2Department
Health
Introduction: The evaluation of histochemical techniques is qualitative and requires the use of positive
controls, specific to each method. As this evaluation can be subjective, there is a great need for
laboratories to participate, systematically, in external quality control schemes in histochemistry. In Portugal
there is no such systematic control.
Objectives: Describe implementation process for an external quality control model (EQC) in histochemistry
in the north region of Portugal.
Materials and Methods: a) To select and choose the techniques to be evaluated; b) To establish
evaluation criteria for each technique; c) To Choose and test the adequate samples to perform the
technique; d) To Ship the sample slides to the participant laboratories; e) To receive the stained slides; f)
To perform slide evaluation (blind evaluation); The evaluation is carried out 6 times per year; g) Periodic
27
meetings take place, in order to present and discuss the techniques. Each participant will only have
access to their evaluation and the global comparative analysis.
Results and Discussion: List of techniques selected: Perls, PAS/Alcian Blue, Rhodamine, Masson
Fontana, Gram, Grocott, Tricrómico Masson, PAS diastase, Ziehl Neelsen, Elastic fibers, Reticular fibers,
Amyloid, Giemsa and Giemsa Modified. Hematoxylin-Eosin. The evaluation criteria wiil be presented in
this session.
Conclusion: The evaluation process allowed to discuss technical best practices, alternatives to the
established techniques of each laboratory, as well as possible difficulties and suggestion to solve them,
based on the participant experience. This project raised awareness of EQC in histochemistry, and also
fostered the development of professionals' spirit of criticism.
The need for external quality control in histochemistry
Carlos Azevedo
Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto- Hospital Santo António, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The importance of internal control in any organization is unquestionable. However, it is
fundamental to proceed to regular validation and certification of internal control through external control
that assumes, this way, crucial importance in the success of any organization or activity.
Objectives: The principal aim is to explore the importance of internal and esxternal quality control in
Histochemistry.
Discussion and Conclusions: The quality control in Histochemistry will allow the individual examination and
evaluation, the internal analysis of strong and weak critical points and improvement opportunities showing
possible solutions to the observed nonconformities. The inter-services discussion promoted by this type of
quality control will contribute to the continuous improvement throughout monitoring the technical quality
and by the improvement solutions implementation, once the individual results will be compared with
models of excellence. This critical analysis will eliminate, as far as possible, the subjectivity in the
techniques evaluation through the standardization of observation criteria.
The external quality assurance assessment
Isabel Vitó
Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The evaluation of external quality control is fundamental to promote technical and
professional issues, namely professional development, motivation, accuracy in results.
Objectives: The principal aim is to apply evaluation criteria for the various histochemical methods for the
detection of failures on those methods, propose corrective action and share the best practices.
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Materials and Methods: The evaluation was perform by a group of external evaluators, according to
parameters previously determined for each one of the methods. The classification was given in
accordance with a scale from 1 to 5 corresponding from "Bad” to “Very Good”. The best methods provided
are presented to participants as reference and improvement model.
Discussion and Conclusion: This evaluation process allows the identification of technical nonconformities
and the promotion of corrective and preventive actions to improve the histochemistry methods. This also
allows the promotion of motivation issues.
Histochemistry external quality control - participation review
Isa Carneiro
Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Since 2013 a model of histochemistry external quality control (EQC) has been applied in a
group of pathological anatomy laboratories of the northern region of Portugal. This model was created to
answer to an improvement need from histochemistry area.
Objectives: The aim is to review the participation of the Pathology’s Department of Portuguese Oncology
Institute-Porto (IPO-PORTO) in the histochemistry EQC model applied in laboratories of the northern
region of Portugal.
Discussion and Conclusions: Implementation of the model took place without major constraints.
Histochemical techniques performed in the scope of EQC were easily included in our work routine.
This project promoted the awareness for the need of EQC in histochemistry, and also fostered the
development of professionals' criticism. The periodic meetings that took place, in order to present and
discuss the techniques, aimed to promote the sharing of knowledge between professionals. This allowed
the improvement of histochemical techniques, when necessary, based on the experience and case
discussion.
The participation in this project has led us to become more conscious about the quality of histochemical
techniques performed in our laboratory, and allowed us to optimize some protocols and even to implement
new techniques.
This project is pioneer in Portugal, and being as recent and geographically limited as it is, still has the
potential for further development. The involvement in this histochemistry EQC model has proved to be
beneficial for our department, thus, the participation review is very positive.
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S5: AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY– ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
New Approaches in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most incident and prevalent cancers among men, and a leading cause
of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Because the currently used parameters to predict the
aggressiveness of PCa are rather imperfect, it is extremely important to identify new diagnostic and
prognostic markers to better define the most appropriate management and therapeutic strategy.
In this symposium we will show focus on new diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers, new therapeutic
approaches, such as focal cryotherapy and biopsy of depletion, radiotherapy and brachytherapy for this
particular tumor type, as well as the issues of psychological conditions that patients with this malignancy
face, namely the choice of surveillance over an aggressive treatment.
Moderator: Filipa Quintela Vieira (ESTSP.IPP)
Utility of prolaris test for the management of prostate cancer in a Spanish cohort
Sergio del Rio Gonzalez
Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital – Málaga, Spain
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health problem worldwide due to its prevalence, morbidity
and resource management associated. Prolaris is a novel biomarker for PCa used as an oncogenomic
test, which has been validated retrospectively in over 8000 patients as prognostic and predictor factor for
cancer-specific mortality and metastatic disease.
Objetives: To assess the usefulness of Prolaris to enhance the heterogeneity of the current risk groups
and the impact on the personalized management of localized prostate cancer (LPCa).
Matherials and Methods: A Spanish cohort of 284 LPCa patients (2013-2014) were analysed and Prolaris
was applied. Secctions (2-4mm) of tumor tissue samples embeded in parafinn were obtain from biopsies
and sent to Myriad Genetics to apply the Prolaris test. Age, PSA, Gleason, number of biopsy cylinders,
percentage of tumor afected and clinic state (cT) from patients were recorded. Biobank and local ethic
committee approved informed consent were signed by all patients.
AUA tumor risk (PSA, Gleason and cT) was estimated by comparing it with the risk provided by the
expression analysis (Prolaris-CCP score). Inferential analyzes were performed using Chi-square.
Results and Discussion: The comparative analysis between AUA risk and Prolaris risk showed only a
concordance of 40.5% in the overall series, 41.3% for low-risk tumors, 46.9% for intermediate risk tumors
and 34.7% for high-risk tumors (Table 1, p <0.05). According to these results, the application of the
parameters used in routine clinical practice would incur in an underestimation of the risk of 39% and an
30
overestimation of 20.1%.
Conclusions: Individualized risk assessment of LPCa by Prolaris test allows better accuracy discrimination
of tumor heterogeneity of the different actual risk groups. The clinical applicability of omics tools could
improve our strategies in the selection of patients for different therapeutic modalities.
Transperineal prostatic biopsy and focal therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma treatment
José Sanches Magalhães
Urology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto, Porto, Portugal
Advantages and disadvantages of transperineal prostatic biopsies, different types of transperineal biopsy,
its indications and limitations.
Focal therapies in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Image guided therapy. Types of focal
therapy.
Psycho-oncologic aspects in prostate cancer: the challenge of communicating psychic and sexual
suffering
Susana Almeida
Psycho-Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto, Porto, Portugal
The psychological reactions of the patient diagnosed with prostate cancer are multiple and will depend on
your support network, personality, coping style, any psychiatric history and experiential trajectory.
Anxieties and concerns begin with frequency even before the diagnosis, throughout the evaluation
process and ancillary diagnostic tests, still in treatment options and in care transitions in the event of
progression and recurrence. At the same time, the issues of sexuality, incontinence, pain, relational life
and others associated with survivor's quality of life may have a variable impact depending on patient
opportunities to establish a clear communication with the assistant medical team and thus receive
multidisciplinary help. These issues and international recommendations on approach, information sharing
and psycho-oncological support of patient with prostate cancer will be developed in this session.
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S6: AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY– HEALTH DIAGNOSIS
Applied Models in Cancer Research
Cancer is a chronic disease that has been increasing in developed countries. An important reason for this
increase is the aging population. The screening and early diagnosis are necessary instruments for
appropriate patient treatment and to improve the patient prognosis.
Nowadays, there are several strategies for cancer study including the identification of biomarkers for
screening and early detection of cancer as well as biomarkers for targeted therapy.
In this symposium we will show retrospective studies identifying potential biomarkers for screening and
diagnosis of cancer and for targeted therapy. Some functional studies in cell lines and some in vivo
models will be presented as tools for the validation of the biomarkers. We will also show innovative
technologies as the next-generation sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing which have been
revolutionizing the field of cancer research.
Moderador: Regina A. Silva (ESTSP.IPP)
Studies to identify potential biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and therapy: breast cancer model
Diana Martins1,2, Fernando Schmitt 2
1Department
of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Allied Health Technologies,
Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The Introduction of high-throughput technologies in breast cancer enabled the recognition of
groups with prognostic value, in which target-therapies can be applied. However, a relevant percentage of
patients show no clinical benefit. A possible solution could be the inhibition of pathways that are common
in all tumor subtypes. Alterations of the serine-threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
signaling pathway are common in cancer and thus mTOR is being pursued as a therapeutic agent.
Objectives: We proposed to evaluate the expression of activated mTOR and its association with the main
molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma. We also aimed to evaluate the ability of Everolimus, a rapamycin
analog, to inhibit mTOR expression and function in breast cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: Large series of invasive breast carcinoma samples and cell lines.
Results and Discussion: Considering the molecular subtypes of breast carcinomas, p-mTOR was more
frequently observed in basal-like breast carcinomas (80.6%). All breast cancer cell lines, representative of
distinct molecular subtypes, showed expression of total and activated mTOR. These cells have been
treated with Everolimus, in order to assess their sensitivity to this drug, and all cell lines showed a
32
decrease of p-mTOR expression after everolimus treatment. Due to the higher prevalence of p-mTOR in
basal-like tumors, we treated three basal-like cell lines with Everolimus to assess the effects on cell
invasion and aggregation. Cell invasion was significantly inhibited in response to Everolimus.
Conslusion: The results revealed that there is a significant higher frequency of p-mTOR in basal-like
tumors, compared with the other subtypes. In addition, Everolimus is able to significantly decrease mTOR
expression and activity, inhibiting invasion capacity of basal-like breast cancer cells emphasizing the
antitumour activity of mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer models.
In vivo models in cancer research
Madalena Costa1,2, Filipa Quintela, Vilela 1,3 and Regina A. Silva1
1Department
of of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Allied Health Technologies,
2Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
3Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group –Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto, Porto, Portugal
Cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last decade there
has been an extraordinary increase in our knowledge of the fundamental molecular processes that are
involved in the development of cancer and its response to treatment. Studies in tissue culture have
multiplied our acquaintance of cancer cell pathophysiology, mechanisms of transformation and strategies
of survival of cancer cell lines, revealing therapeutically exploitable differences to normal cells. However,
tumors are heterogeneous, structurally complex and result from an evolving crosstalk between different
cell types and its surrounding tissue. A full elucidation of events occurring inside the cancer
microenvironment is fundamental more effective therapies. Experiment in vivo models remains essential to
understand the fundamental mechanisms underpinning malignancy and to discover improved methods to
prevent, diagnose and treat cancer. This presentation will summarize currently available in vivo models of
cancer, define the limitations and advantages of each modeling option and suggest the basis with which
particular models should be used to answer a specific scientific question.
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Innovative technologies for cancer research
Ricardo Celestino1,2,3
1Department
of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Allied Health Technologies,
2i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
3IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
The next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats
(CRISPR)-Cas9 gene editing are innovative technologies used in genetics and molecular biology which
have been revolutionizing the field of cancer research.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is defined by modern sequencing technologies that allow to sequence
millions of DNA and RNA strands much more quickly and cheaply than the conventional Sanger
sequencing. These methodologies have raised the knowledge of the cancer genomes contributing for the
improvement of the personalized medicine.
CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a powerful methodology, which provides unparalleled potential for editing
human and non-human genomes. Bacteria use CRISPR naturally as an anti-viral defense immunity
mechanism. CRISPR DNA sequences are transcribed into RNAs that in turn can destroy very specific viral
DNA sequences via the Cas9 nuclease. Due the specificity of this method, CRISPR-Cas9 may be used in
several potential applications in cancer biology: correction of genetic mutations, rapid generation of mouse
models and gene therapy.
These innovative technologies offer exciting cues in the understanding of cancer genomes and with great
opportunities in the improvement of the cancer treatment.
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S7: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE– ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
Immunomodulation and Immune-mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Chronic Diseases
The symposium “Immunomodulation and Immune-mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Chronic Disease”
will give the opportunity to all attendees to learn and discuss about different areas of immunology with
leading academic scientist. The invited speakers will present the current state of the art on hot topics of
immunotherapy on the management of chronic diseases.
The talks will cover different fields of immunotherapy, such as the new discovered role of gamma-delta T
cells in cancer development, new therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune diseases and current
advances in the application of prophylactic vaccination measures against malaria.
The symposium, besides being an excellent opportunity for students to learn with top scientists, this
symposium will also be an opportunity for researchers, practitioners and educators to discuss the most
recent innovations, trends, concerns, and challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the
emerging field of Immunotherapy.
Moderator: Elva B. Andrade (ESTSP.IPP; IBMC; I3S)
Immunomodulation in cancer – the case for γδ T cells
Bruno Silva Santos
Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
γδ
T lymphocytes are endowed with unique antigen specificities, high clonal frequencies and a “pre-
activated” differentiation status that allows very rapid dynamics of response. In the context of cancer, γδ T
cells are important anti-tumour effectors lymphocytes due to their potent cytotoxicity and interferon-γ (IFNγ)
production, which underlie their non-redundant protective functions in vivo. However, we were among
the first to describe an unanticipated tumour-promoting role for murine γδ T cells, which was linked to the
production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and the mobilization of pro-tumour macrophages that enhanced
angiogenesis and tumour cell proliferation. Thus, the γδ T cell response is pleiotropic and requires
selective modulation for therapeutic benefit. Aiming to translate our research into the clinic, we
characterized a cellular product composed of in vitro activated and expanded human γδ T-cells that
selectively recognize malignant (but not normal) leukocytes, and produce IFN-γ (and TNF) and but no IL17. This subset expresses the Vdelta1 TCR and a broad repertoire of natural killer receptors, including
NKG2D and the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46. Critically, NCR
expression is absent in freshly-isolated γδ T-cells but is selectively induced on Vdelta1 T-cells by a
cocktail of cytokines and TCR agonists. NCR expression endows these lymphocytes, termed Delta One T
(DOT-) cells®, with enhanced cytotoxicity against lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. We further
employed xenograft models of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia by injecting MEC-1 cells into
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immunodeficient mice. In NOD-SCID γc-/- (NSG) hosts, DOT-Cells® infiltrated the tumour and various
other tissues, and were strikingly capable of preventing tumor dissemination to organs such as bone
marrow and liver. No evidence of treatment-associated toxicity was found in biochemical (blood) or
histological (multiple organs) analyses. These data provide the safety and efficacy proof-of-concept for
pioneering the application of DOT-Cells® in cancer clinical trials.
New therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases
Graziela Carvalheiras
Centro Hospitalar do Porto- Hospital Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
Emulating the evolution of war equipment, the therapy addressing autoimmune diseases (AID) moved
from the global nonspecific immunosuppression (resembling the Hiroshima bombing) – with all the
associated side effects -, for instance, cyclophosphamide, to a more specific immunosuppression
(resembling the surgical strike in Iraq), for example, the anti-TNF and the Rituximab, and it is expected
that it will evolve to more specific targets (resembling drone strikes), such as anti-idiotypic antibodies or
specific anti-proteins. On the other hand, we shall never forget that, behind the genesis of the AID, there
are problems of self-tolerance, what reminds us of the need to continuously develop tolerance-inducing
strategies to the immune “self”, as well as immunostimulation strategies of the clones in deficit, in order to
maintain a healthy immune network. In the most serious cases, a bone marrow transplantation, self or
hetero, maintain their indication.
Preventing malaria at the pre-erythrocytic stage: where are we?
Joana Tavares1,2
1IBMC
2i3S
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Malaria remains the most deadly parasitic disease of humans. Symptoms and complications are due to
repetitive cycles of Plasmodium parasites multiplication inside red blood cells. Importantly, the infection
starts when an infected anopheline female mosquito injects sporozoites into the skin of the mammalian
host while having a blood meal. The few sporozoites injected, migrate to the liver and inside hepatocytes
multiply into thousands of merozoites, the red blood cells infective forms. Sporozoites and ensuing liver
stages are present in small numbers in the host and therefore constitute a transmission bottleneck and
ideal vaccination targets. The most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS, S targets Plasmodium preerythrocytic stage and protects only moderately African children (30-50%) from malaria episodes. Whether
RTS, S mediated protection can be improved will be discussed.
36
S8: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE – (RE)HABILITATION
Recovery Process of People with Mental Health Problems
Psychosocial rehabilitation, grounded on the recovery paradigm, is essential to encourage improvements
in the functionality and effective social inclusion of people with mental health problems and contributes
significantly to their well-being and life quality. Considering this, it is necessary to evolve in this field and it
is intended in this symposium to contribute to the dissemination of some of the best practices that
incorporate contemporary philosophy of recovery, illustrating the principles, values and promising trends in
various areas of expertise. Following recent studies, we will present the guidelines for the implementation
of peer support programs in Portugal. We will also illustrate the evolution in the use of mobile technologies
supporting psychosocial rehabilitation and particularly the development of applications for smartphone for
mental illness self-management. Regarding employment, the priority is the establishment of specialized
responses in this area, so we will demonstrate the model recommended internationally - the Individual
Placement and Support. Moreover, we will illustrate the results of our experience in supporting family
members of people with mental health problems in ANARP and a study of characterization of needs that is
taking place in the Porto Metropolitan Area.
Moderator: António Marques (ESTSP.IPP)
Implementation of a peer support program in mental illness
Filipa Campos1, António Marques1, Cristina Queirós2
1Psychosocial
Rehabilitation Laboratory of School of Allied Health Technologies, Porto Polytechnic Institute, Vila
2Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto,
Portugal
Introduction: Peer support is a mutual aid system based on the belief that someone who faced/overcome
adversity can provide support, encouragement and guidance to those who experience similar situations.
Literature reveals that participation in peer support programs has benefits for people with mental illness,
including increased self-esteem, self-confidence, empowerment and hope in their recovery.
Objectives: Implement and verify the effectiveness of a pre-experimental program in a group of people
mental illness.
Materials and Methods: The sample (n=10) has 3 peer supporters and 8 users from a rehabilitation
institution. Peers were trained and paid during the 9 months intervention program. The evaluation protocol
includes: 1) pre and post-test methodology (assessing symptomatology and functionality); 2) interviews
37
conducted at the end of the program; 3) collection and analysis of several indicators of the implementation
of the program, documented in a logbook (attendance, punctuality, participation).
Results and Discussion: The activities undertaken by peer workers include 3 main areas: support people
who experience mental health problems; activities organization; combat stigma activities promoting
recovery. Results showed adherence to the program, and better subjective perception of the participants
about their functional performance with a strong similarity of results in peer workers and users. The
interviews indicated that peer support is an intervention that promotes recovery, self-efficacy feelings,
empowerment and hope by sharing similar experiences.
Conclusions: Peer support seems to be an intervention with benefits for both service providers, users and
mental health and psychosocial rehabilitation organizations. Results gave crucial inputs, suggesting the
need to develop and implement more peer support programs in psychosocial rehabilitation organizations,
as a way to improve provided services and to contribute to the recovery process’ quality.
The use of mobile technologies to support psychosocial rehabilitation of people with mental health
problems
Raquel Simões de Almeida1,2,3, António Marques2, Cristina Queirós3
1Faculty
of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Portugal
2Psychosocial
Introduction: An efficient psychosocial rehabilitation program is essential in order to achieve symptoms’
remission and promote a functional and satisfying life for people with mental ilness. The use of mobile
technologies not only has become a prominent term within the practice of medicine, but also have great
potential to improve the quality of services (Ben-Zeev, Drake & Brian, 2014; Tomlinson et al., 2013). There
is some evidence concerning this topic and it is important to summarize it.
Objectives: To summarize evidence on mobile technologies for mental health and to characterize how
these devices features are used to promote recovery.
Materials and Methods: A literature review was carried out in five databases covering literature published
until 2015, trying to find scientific views about the use of mobile technologies’.
Results and Discussion: A total of 32 studies providing original data were included in this review. Analyses
covered the aims of the studies (collection of psychological/ physiological data, psychoeducation and drug
adherence), methods, outcome variables, and results. Several opportunities for its applications, as well as
challenges faced when using the software, were identified. User involvement is crucial to the successful
development of these technologies.
38
Conclusions: There is insufficient knowledge concerning clients’ ownership of smartphones, their patterns
of use and their interest in employing them to help self-management their condition. However, the review
recognized intervention effectiveness, assuming that mobile technologies could be integrated in mental
health care services.
Needs assessment of families of people with mental illness
Teresa Santos1, António Marques 2, Cristina Queirós1
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto,
Portugal
2 Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory of School of Allied Health Technologies, Porto Polytechnic Institute, Vila
1
Introduction: In Portugal, the majority of people with mental illness live with their families, which play an
important role in the treatment and rehabilitation of people with these conditions. Supporting families of
people with mental illness is considered a key component in the psychosocial rehabilitation process
(O’Doherty, Doherty, & Walsh, 2006). Given the central role of families and informal caregivers, it is critical
to acknowledge their difficulties and needs to increase the effectiveness and scope of family interventions
approaches (Vermeulen et al., 2015). Research indicates that effective support to informal caregivers
enhance systemically the recovery of people with mental illness.
Objectives: To study the experiences of carers of people with enduring mental illness, to identify their need
regarding support resources as well as contextual factors associated with their satisfaction level.
Materials and Methods: Administration of an informal carers needs assessment questionnaire to 30
families of people with mental illness (n=30) in a community psychosocial rehabilitation institution
(ANARP).
Results and Discussion: Families need not only effective resources to access mental health services but
also supporting structures to enable them to have moments of rest. Sharing information with professionals
and other family caregivers is essential for decreasing the care burden.
Conclusion: Realizing current and future needs of mental illness informal caregivers can improve mental
health services planning and delivery, improving family support programs to intervene with families.
39
Individual placement and support (IPS): how to address employment needs of people with mental
health problems in Porto
Carlos Campos1, Liliana Silva2, Luísa Pereira2, António Marques1, Cristina Queirós3
1Psychosocial
2Associação Nova Aurora na Reabilitação e Reintegração Psicossocial (ANARP), Porto, Portugal
Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Employment is one of the main concerns of patients with mental illness. Several international
guidelines state that Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is the most effective intervention to address
these needs. It is based on several principles such as focus on competitive employment, attention to client
preferences, rapid job search, individualized job supports and eligibility based on client choice.
Objectives: To develop and implement an IPS program suitable for people with mental illness from Porto.
Materials and Methods: The proposed IPS program targeted 43 ANARP users and was developed based
on an exploratory review to understand how the core principles of IPS were adapted for several US states
and European countries.
Results and Discussion: Our IPS program proposal has three main cornerstones: Qualification, In-Job
Training and Open Market Employment. The first domain was developed as many users needed to
complete specialized training before entering the labor market. In-Job Training has been easily articulated
with other institutions (n=5) and many users are completing courses which will lead them to in-job training
opportunities (n=7). Open market employment vacancies have been far more scarce (n=5) as Portuguese
employment policies for people with disabilities are not adjusted for the needs of people with mental
illness.
Conclusion: IPS can be an effective alternative to promote employment for people with mental illness in
Porto. Service planning must be adjusted to labor market, social security system and socioeconomic
conditions. IPS does not address the employment needs of every person with mental illness, as some
users clearly need sheltered alternatives such as social businesses adjusted to their features.
40
S9: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE – ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
New Solutions for Old Problems in Neuronal Disorders
This symposium addresses different topics in modern neuroscience. It starts with a presentation by Parícia
Maciel (ICVS, University of Minho) of new drug therapies targeting the most relevant ataxia disease in
Portugal that is Machado Joseph Disease. Vasco Galhardo (Medical School Of Porto) will talk about the
brain circuitries involved in decision-making and memory and how they can be affected by pain, showing
extremely interesting results using a preclinical model. Finally, Teresa Summavielle (i3SIBMC/ESTSP.IPP) will talk about new targets for treating an old problem, addressing the topic of drug
abuse. These presentations will show state of the art methodology in preclinical neuroscience, showing
innovative ways of addressing old relevant problems in the field.
Moderator: Teresa Summavielle (ESTSP.IPP; I3S)
Drug discovery for Machado-Joseph disease
Patrícia Maciel
ICVS-Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a
polyglutamine tract within the protein ataxin-3, for which there is no effective treatment. We have
developed transgenic animal models for the study of this disorder, in the mouse (CMVMJD135) and in the
nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These models show marked neuronal dysfunction, with loss of motor
coordination, and the typical pathological feature of ataxin-3 aggregation, and can be used both to study
the mechanisms of disease and to test therapeutic strategies.
In this presentation I shall discuss our recent findings using hypothesis-based as well as unbiased
hypothesis free approaches (drug screenings) in these transgenic models.
I will also provide evidence, emerging from our hypothesis-free approaches, that activation of serotonergic
signaling is beneficial in animal models of MJD. We identified citalopram, a selective serotonin re-uptake
inhibitor, in a small molecule screen of >600 FDA-approved drugs, in which we searched for those that
rescued neuronal dysfunction and reduced aggregation in the C. elegans model. Chronic citalopram
treatment stalled disease progression and restored survival of mutant ATXN3-expressing animals. MOD-5,
the C. elegans ortholog of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and cellular target of citalopram, and the
serotonin receptors SER-1 and SER-4 were strong genetic modifiers of ATXN3 neurotoxicity and
necessary for therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, chronic treatment of CMVMJD135 mice with citalopram
significantly reduced ATXN3 neuronal inclusions, diminished neuronal loss and astrogliosis, rescued
diminished body weight and strikingly ameliorated motor symptoms. These results suggest that small
41
molecule modulation of serotonergic signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for MJD, and
support a recently emerging role for this signaling in the modulation of proteostasis, which may also be of
relevance for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Modulation of pain-related working memory deficit
Vasco Galhardo1,2
1Faculdade
2I3S
de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Chronic pain is known to trigger profound alterations in forebrain circuitry and induce cognitive deficits that
range from memory and attentional impairments, to mood and sleep disorders. Our lab is working to
uncover the neurobiological mechanisms that are altered by chronic pain, paying special interest to the
forebrain areas that constitute the reward-aversion circuitry and in knowing to what extent the modulation
of the dopaminergic transmission may have therapeutic potential in the reversal of pain-induced disorders.
We will present results from two lines of research: one addressing problems in the stability of
hippocampus-based spatial memories, and another addressing problems arising in the processes of
prefrontal-based emotional decision-making. The hippocampus is a brain area that plays a crucial role in
the interplay between memory processing and stress modulation, and that is known to be critically
important to the acquisition and extinction of behaviours related to highly aversive stimuli. We have shown
that the onset of chronic pain disrupts the stability of receptive fields in hippocampus place cells and that it
disrupts the functional connectivity frequency coherency within the frontal-thalamus-hippocampus pathway
that is relevant for spatial working memory. Recently we described how the loss this functional connectivity
within the hippocampus may be restored by modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Using this
novel test, we have shown that control animals prefer the choice that signals lower butmore probable
reward s, while animals with lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex favour risky decisions that sometimes result
in large jackpot-like rewards. More recently, we have extended our results in a series of papers in which
we showed that pain induces performance deficits akin to orbitofrontal lesions; that these pain-induced
changes may be reversed by modulation of the fronto-amygdalar pathway, and that orbitofrontal neural
activity during performance in the rodent gambling task is distinct in control versus neuropathic pain
animals.
42
Drug addiction: new targets for an old problem
Teresa Summavielle1,2,3
1I3S-
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
3School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2IBMC-
Classically, exposure to psychotropic stimulants has been primarily associated with damage to
dopaminergic neuronal terminals and oxidative stress. However, it is now widely accepted that the
interaction between neuronal and glial cells plays a critical role in the development of drug addiction. In
this sense, exposure to psychostimulants has been repeatedly shown to produce inflammation in the
addicted brain. The existing data evidences that the overall contribution of inflammation to the build up of
addiction remains unclear. Contrary to the common held view, our data revealed that methamphetamine
(METH), a potent psychostimulant frequently associated to neuroinflammation, cannot stimulate microglia
in a cell-autonomous manner. In addition, recent findings evidenced microglia as a multifunctional cell,
critical for shaping and refining neuronal connectivity through synaptic plasticity. We hypothesised that the
long-term adverse neuropsychiatric consequences occurring within the brain’s reward circuitry under
psychostimulat exposure may be due, at least in part, to the underlying neuroinflammatory process, and
that limiting it would be relevant to control the addictive behaviour. We show that preventing exacerbated
microglial activation and associated neurotoxicity is beneficial at several levels, and that this knowledge
can be easily translated into clinical applications.
43
S10: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE – (RE)HABILITATION
Speech Therapy in My Life
During this symposium we will have the opportunity to hear speech therapists, family and patients
perspectives regarding their experiences with speech therapy and how it changed their lives. Personal
experiences are better testimonies of the impact that speech therapy had in promoting their activities,
participation and quality of life.
Moderator: Ricardo Jorge Ferreira dos Santos (ESTSP.IPP)
Returning to active life after aphasia rehabilitation
Brígida Patrício1, Maria José Santos 2
1Department
of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2Person with aphasia, guest from SLP department
Introduction: Aphasia is an acquired language disability caused by brain damage, usually stroke, that
affects the person’s ability to communicate with others since it may compromise speaking, understanding,
reading, and writing. Aphasia affects the biopsychosocial integrity of the individuals compromising their
social relationships (SR), their participation in activities, their emotional status and their QOL. Usually
people with aphasia have difficulties in returning to previous activities and roles, specially returning to
work.
Objectives: To describe the experience of living with aphasia and being supported by a speech therapist to
promote the return to active life (activities and participation – including return to work).
Materials and Methods: qualitative through live interview
Results and Discussion: Speech therapy and the use of person-centered approaches can be very
important to develop communication competences and strategies in order to promote successful
communication in day-to-day activities and returning to work.
Conclusion: Speech therapy and person-centered approaches are important to help people with aphasia
to return to active life
44
Down syndrome: a bilingual approach
Maria Joao Cunha1, Isabelle Tulekian 2
1Department
2Associação “Somos Nós”, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Back in the 90’s, early intervention professionals believed that Down syndrome should not be
exposed to more than one language and manual signs would prevent language development.
Objectives: To present evidence that manual signs are a relevant tool for communication and language
intervention; find evidence that SD children can be bilingual.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the impact of Speech therapy intervention both during
intervention process and afterwards.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that manual signs worked as a facilitator and promoted language
development. The pressure relief regarding the use of natural language by each participant (parents,
siblings, other family) allowed language development both in Portuguese and French.
Conclusion: Augmentative communication (signs and symbols) should be made available to all children
with language difficulties. For bilingual families, it can be the natural link between codes.
Acknowledgments: We are grateful to entities and/or individuals who provided financial and/or technical support for
the research.
How stuttering and speech therapy changed my life?
Daniel Neves1, Brito Largo 2
1Center
of Social Studies, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Speech therapy intervention for stuttering situations can be constituted as a set of narrative
processes that transform the vision patients have of themselves and of their lives related with others and
with the social context. This acts directly on promoting their quality of life allowing them to live their
preferred lives. This type of intervention promotes empowerment of the patient.
Objectives: Share the consequences of therapy and the therapeutic process in the life of the individual
who seeks therapeutic support
Materials and Methods: Descriptive and critical analysis of the therapeutic intervention process from the
patient's point of view.
Results and Discussion: There is a change in building the identity of the subject due to the therapeutic
process whose main result that it can access and live their preferred life
Conclusion: The therapeutic action on intervention in stuttering can focus on what the subject defines as a
problem and co-builds with him an alternative view of themselves and the world.
Acknowledgments: Daniel Neves, Investigador do Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra
45
Auditory verbal therapy
Pedro Brás da Silva1, Vera Cabral Silva2
1Department
2MGuest of the SLP Department
Introduction: Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) is a parental program to provide training and guidance to
families of deaf and hard of hearing children (D/HH), with hearing technology, in order to develop listen
and spoken language in a natural way1,2.
Objectives: The purpose of the presentation is to share the experience between a speech and language
therapist and a mother of a D/HH children, user of a Cochlear Implant since 11 months of age, following
AVT methodology.
Materials and Methods: the method consist in a discussion through a roundatable.
Results and Discussion: The major gains with the use of AVT by the speech and language therapist was
to know which activities and auditory tasks were adequate to use in a daily base, in order to develop
spoken language.
Conclusion: Personal experiences are better testimonies of the impact that speech therapy had in
promoting the activities, participation and quality of life of the family and children.
46
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
SESSIONS
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – ORAL COMMUNICATIONS SESSIONS
47
OCS1: PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
Moderator: Sandra Mota (ESTSP.IPP)
OC1: Search for microorganisms in antiseptic, disinfectant and detergent dispensers of a Local
Health Care Unit from Northeast Portugal
Maria José Alves1,2, Graça Pombo2, Ana Pereira2, Andreia Conde2, Isabel Soares2, Marina Rosmaninho2,
Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira1
1Centro
2
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
School of Health, Bragança Polytechnic Institute, Portugal
Presenting author: [email protected]
Introduction: Health care associated infections (HCAI) are among the main causes of mortality worldwide,
and of the increase of internment time and related costs. Many HCAI acquired in hospitals result from
improper disinfection practices of medical devices and surfaces of the hospital environment, as also
insufficient asepsis of health professional’s skin [1,2].
Objectives: The main objectives of the present work were to verify the presence of microorganisms in
antiseptic, disinfectant and detergent dispensers from different services of Bragança’s Local Health Care
Unit, and to determine their resistance profiles.
Materials and Methods: 151 Samples were collected from antiseptic (alcoholic solution, povidone-iodine
and chlorhexidine), disinfectant (70% alcohol) and detergent (dermatological soap) dispensers. The
identification and the bacterial antibiogram were performed using VITEK® 2.
Results and Discussion: Among the 151 samples plated, 25 exhibited contamination, corresponding to a
contamination percentage of 17%. The most frequently identified and isolated microorganisms were
Staphylococcus hominis, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis with a percentage of
20%, 20% and 16%, respectively. Micrococcus luteus/lylae, Rhizobium radiobacter, Staphylococcus capitis,
Pseudomonas luteola, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus vitulinus, Kocuria kristinae and other grampositive bacillus were identified with less prevalence. The dermatological soap was the product with the
highest contamination percentage and it was in the Medicine services that more contaminated products
were found, while Surgery services showed the lowest contamination. Some of the isolated bacteria showed
important resistance profiles, such as Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, namely to
beta-lactams (oxacillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) and quinolones (levofloxacin).
Conclusion: Although the main isolated microorganisms belong to a group of commensal bacteria that do
not cause problems to a person with a normal immunity system, these are responsible for HCAI. Therefore,
it is essential to develop protocols for handling and packaging all the solutions in order to decrease the
contamination level and, consequently, the HCAI.
References
1. Dereli N., et al. (2013) Three-year evaluation of nosocomial infection rates of the ICU. Brazilian journal of
anesthesiology. 63(1):73-8. Consulted in May 8, 2015, in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
2. Suetens, C., Hopkins, S., et al. (2013) Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial
use in European acute care hospitals 2011-2012. ECDC Surveillance report. doi: 10.2900/86011. Consulted in June
12, 2015, in http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/
48
OC2: Experimental analysis of the influence of a plastic cap on the microbiological growth in
toothbrushes
Simone Castro1, Fernando Moreira 2, Luísa Barreiros2,3
1School
of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Department, Center for Health and Environment Research, School of Allied Health Technologies,
Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
2Pharmacy
Introduction: Although toothbrushes are considered essential for oral hygiene, they have also been
considered a potential reservoir of microorganisms, eventually enabling their growth.
Objectives: The main goal of this study is to determine the influence of covering the toothbrush with a
plastic cap on its microbiological development.
Materials and Methods: This study included 6 participants without serious dental health problems and that
were not treated with antibiotics in the previous 3 months.
In the first part of the study (Phase 1), it was given a toothbrush to each one of the participants. Participants
were told to daily brush their teeth 2-3 times and to store the toothbrush without cap. Phase 1 lasted for 22
days, and in days 0, 7 and 22 it was performed a microbiological collection from the toothbrushes into Petri
dishes previously filled with nutrient agar. Following incubation, bacterial colonies were counted. In the
second part of the study (Phase 2), toothbrushes were replaced by new ones to be stored with a plastic cap
on its top and microbiological collections were performed in days 0, 7 and 22. The obtained results were
statistically analyzed.
Results and Discussion: Comparing the average results in both phases, it was demonstrated that there is
a tendency for a greater growth of microorganisms in toothbrushes with a cap. However, the differences
were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The use of a plastic cap on the toothbrush can be a risk factor for microbial growth. Further
studies would be important to identify the contaminant microorganisms.
References
1. Frazelle, M. R., & Munro, C. L. (2012). Toothbrush contamination: a review of the literature. Nurs Res Pract, 2012,
420630. doi:10.1155/2012/420630
2. Mehta, A., Sequeira, P. S., & Bhat, G. (2007). Bacterial contamination and decontamination of toothbrushes after
use. N Y State Dent J, 73(3), 20-22.
49
OC3: Yeast colonization of the oral cavity in an elderly population
Mariana Pires1,2, Stéphanie Ferreira1,2, Anabela Moreira1,2, Teresa Moreira1,2, Manuela Amorim1,2, Sandra
Mota1,2
1Department
of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
2Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila
Introduction: The oral cavity is a polymicrobial ecosystem with different complexity. Among the different
fungal species, Candida albicans is the most frequent specie and is present in the normal oral flora of
approximately 40-60 % of healthy subjects. The change of the oral cavity flora may promote the
development of oral candidiasis.
Objectives: To characterize the mycological oral flora of an elderly community center users´ and to study
the influence of some factors in oral colonization.
Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 37 elderly and plated in Sabouraud Dextrose
Agar (SDA). After growth colonies were picked for SDA and CHROMagar. Filamentation and
chlamydospores tests were carried out for Candida albicans species identification. Data on risk factors, such
as dental prostheses, oral hygiene, smoking habits, diabetes, oral complication, were also collected through
a questionnaire. For statistical analysis we conducted a uni and bivariate study and fisher test with =0.05.
Results and Discussion: Growth was obtained in 28 samples (76%), of these, 68 % were identified as
Candida albicans, 25% Candida non-albicans and 7% of samples were positive for Candida albicans and
Candida non-albicans. A relationship between growth and the use of dental prostheses (p = 0.042) was
found. We obtained 87.5% of yeast growth in prostheses users. The remaining variables showed no
relationship with yeast growth. It should be noted that all samples with CFU count higher than 1000 belong
to prosthesis users.
Conclusion: The results obtained are consistent with literature, particularly regarding the relationship
between oral mucosa colonization and dental prosthesis use. Taking into consideration that higher CFU
counts were found in prosthesis users and that is an elderly population, it is imperative to alert this age
group for proper prosthesis cleaning.
References
1. Monteiro-da-Silva, F., Araujo, R., Sampaio-Maia, B. (2014). Interindividual variability and intraindividual stability of
oral fungal microbiota over time. Medical Mycology, 52(5), 498–505.
2. Coronado-Castellote, L., Jiménez-Soriano, Y. (2013). Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 5(5), e279–86. doi:10.4317/jced.51242
50
OC4: Ionic Liquids – From organic solvents to pharmaceutical applications
Ricardo Ferraz1,2, João Costa-Rodrigues3, Maria Helena Fernandes3, Luís C. Branco4, João Paulo
Noronha4, eljko Petrovski4, Rúben Fernandes1,5 Cristina Prudêncio1,5
1Department
of Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA, School of
Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2UCIBIO/Requimte – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
3Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
4Department of Chemistry, REQUIMTE-CQFB, FCT-UNova, Portugal
5I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal
Introduction: Ionic liquids are compounds that have melting temperature below 100ºC and they have been
evolved from traditional high temperature molten salts.. The quest for useful molten salts with lower melting
temperatures led to inorganic chloroaluminates, to organic chloroaluminates and to organic salts now being
developed for green chemistry applications and recently has been a major emphasis placed on ionic liquids
as bearers of desired biological activity.
Objectives: Synthesis and study of physicochemical and biological properties of ILs from beta-lactam
antibiotics, from the anti-fungal Amphotericin B and from the anti-epileptic valproic acid.
Materials and Methods: All the drugs used here were neutralized in a buffer by an appropriate hydroxide
cations. The cation hydroxide was obtained on Amberlite resin (in the OH form) in order to exchange
halides. The biological studies of these new compounds were made using techniques like the micro dilution
and colorimetric methods.
Results and Discussion: The study of the biological properties of the synthesised ILs showed that some
have antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast cells, even in resistant bacteria. Also this work allowed
to show that ILs based on ampicillin could be used as anti-tumour agents
Conclusion: Overall a total of 25 new ILs were synthesised and characterized by spectroscopic and
analytical methods in order to confirm their structure and purity. This shows that with a careful selection of
the organic cation, it is possible to provoke important physico-chemical and biological alteration in the
properties of ILs-APIs with great impact, having in mind their applications.
References
1. Ferraz, R., Branco, L. C., Marrucho, I. M., Araujo, J. M. M., Rebelo, L. P. N., da Ponte, M. N., … Petrovski, Z.
(2012). Development of novel ionic liquids based on ampicillin. Medchemcomm, 3(4), 494-497.
doi:10.1039/c2md00269h
2. Ferraz, R., Branco, L. C., Prudencio, C., Noronha, J. P., & Petrovski, Z. (2011). Ionic Liquids as Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Chemmedchem, 6(6), 975-985. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201100082
3. Ferraz, R., Costa-Rodrigues, J., Fernandes, M. H., Santos, M. M., Marrucho, I. M., Rebelo, L. P. N., … Branco, L.
C. (2015). Antitumor Activity of Ionic Liquids Based on Ampicillin. ChemMedChem, n/a-n/a.
doi:10.1002/cmdc.201500142
51
OC5: Identification of keratinocytes’ interaction with nanostructured lipid carriers
Elisabete Silva1,2 & Sofia Lima2
1School
Requimte, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
2 UCIBIO,
Introduction: The keratinocytes are important cells in the context of psoriasis. Lipid nanoparticles are being
used to improve the topical treatment, as drug carriers. Nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLC) are lipid
nanoparticles with enhanced skin compatibility. The study of nanoparticles internalization and interaction
with the keratinocytes is important to predict and modulate drug efficiency and therapeutic outcome.
Objectives:
The goal of this study is the identification of the keratinocytes’ interaction with lipid
nanoparticles loaded with methotrexate and their biological activity.
Materials and Methods: NLC were applied to deliver methotrexate to the keratinocytes (HaCaT human cell
line), were synthesized through hot ultrasonication and physico-chemically characterized. The cellular
uptake and endocytosis’ studies were made by flow cytometry using NLC loaded with coumarin 6. In the
endocytosis’ study, inhibitors were used to identify the uptake mechanism: active transport, clathrin and
caveolae-mediate endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The study of exocytosis, transcytosis and paracytosis
were conducted using a transwell system after HaCaT monolayer differentiation through high calcium
concentration.
Results and Discussion: NLC had a mean diameter of 245 nm, spherical shape, negative zeta potential
and polydispersity index lower than 0.15. Their cellular uptake was time dependent, increasing slightly with
the time. The incubation at 4ºC and with sodium azide showed an energy dependency in the endocytosis’
process, which was mediated by clathrin and macropinocytosis. The endocytosis’ inhibition was more
pronounced with the nanoparticles made of cetyl-palmitate as solid lipid. Upon internalization, 10% of the
NLC were discharged by exocytosis and/or trancytosis mechanisms.
Conclusion: In summary, it was concluded that the internalization of the nanoparticles required energy and
involved clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The results obtained allowed a better
understanding of the uptake and interaction of NLC with human keratinocytes and demonstrated the good
viability of the carrier for skin drug delivery (major percentage of the drug remained within the cell).
References
1. Kora, C.L., Al-Suwayehb, S.A., Fang, J.Y. (2013). Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for Drug Delivery and
Targeting. Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 7, 41-55.
2. Pinto, M.F., Moura, C.C., Nunes, C., Segundo, M.A., Costa, S.A.L., Reis, S. (2014). A new topical formulation for
psoriasis: Development of methotrexate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics,
477, 519-526.
3. He, B., Jia, Z., Du, W., Yu, C., Fan, Y., Dai, W., Yuan, L., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q.
(2013). The transport pathways of polymer nanoparticles in MDCK epithelial cells. Biomaterials,34, 4309-4326.
52
OCS2: FREE THEME
Moderador: Rubim Santos (ESTSP.IPP)
OC6: Determination of maximum acceptable weight of schoolbag carriage in one shoulder
Helena Soares1, Isabel Loureiro2,1, Diana Silva1, Matilde A. Rodrigues1
1Department
of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health
Technology of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2Centre ALGORITMI. School of Engineering of the University of Minho. Guimarães, Portugal
Introduction: Pain and discomfort are prevalent symptoms among children and adolescents in school age.
Carrying heavily loaded schoolbags or carrying it improperly, such as in a single shoulder, has been related
to this symptomatology. In view of this, it is important to better understand the students' perceptions about
what they consider to be a safe weight to carry.
Objectives: Determination of maximum acceptable weight (MAW) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE)
for the task of schoolbag carriage in one shoulder.
Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 128 students. The students were instructed to put in
the schoolbag the maximum amount of books that they believe be able to carry comfortably in the requested
task and then, they performed the task for 10 min. During the task, they were asked to adjust the load
weight by themselves. The MAW was estimated at the end of the task. A questionnaire was filled to
determine the RPE.
Results and Discussion: The average of MAW achieved was 4.0kg (sd=1.4), which represents 7.7% of the
students’ body weight. Differences were found between genders (U=1556, p<0.05), where higher MAW was
identified for males. These results are close of the recommendations for the schoolbags carriage with two
shoulders, showing that students have low perceptions about the risk of the carriage with one shoulder.
Conclusion: This study results suggest that students do not have a correct perception about the risk of
carry the schoolbag in one shoulder, which can lead them to carry too heavy weights every day.
References
1. Trevelyan, F.C., & Legg, S.J. (2006). Back pain in school children—Where to from here? Applied Ergonomics, 37,
45–54.
2. Iyer, S. (2001). An ergonomic study of chronic musculoskeletal pain in schoolchildren. The Indian Journal of
Pediatrics, 68(10), 937-941.
53
OC7: Risk factors for spinal pain in children and/or adolescents: systematic review
Cristiana Valente1, Vanessa Valente1, Maria João Trigueiro 2
1School
of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Presenting author: [email protected], [email protected]
Introduction: Spinal pain is, nowadays, a serious public health problem and it seems to be relatively
common at school age, with consequences throughout lifespan.
Objectives: Assess the influence of mechanical, sociodemographic and psychosocial variables in back pain
among children as a predictive factor to back pain in adults.
Materials and Methods: A research was made at PubMed; reference lists of papers were also used, as
well as author's suggestions. A qualitative analysis was made to all the selected articles, followed by a
quantitative analysis (meta-analysis), using the Review Manager 5.3 Software.
Results and Discussion: From a group of 3731 initial studies, 21 were included. The analysis showed
significant values for gender (ORfemales 1.43 [1.21, 1.69]), family history of pain (OR 2.75 [2.09 3.63]),
passive transport to school -by bus or car (OR 1.52 [1,18, 1,95]), as well as headache (OR 2.12 [1.82,2.48])
and abdominal pain complaints (OR 1.63 [1.10,2.39]).
Conclusion: The female gender, presence of family history of pain, head and abdominal complaints, and
passive transport are associated with an increased prevalence of back pain in children.
54
OC8: Shoulder muscle timings and sequences during shoulder depression in the scapular plan in
subjects with shoulder pain episodes
Inês Simões1, Rui Macedo1,2, Ana Pinheiro1, Andreia S. P. Sousa1,2
1Department
of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal.
of Studies of Human Movement and Human Activity, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic
Institute of Porto, Portugal.
2Center
Introduction: Shoulder pain has been associated with changes in temporal activation of shoulder muscles
but the research on this association in the eccentric movement of participants with pain episodes is scarce.
Objectives: To analyse muscle timings and sequences in shoulder muscles during shoulder depression in
the scapular plan in subjects with and without pain history in the last year.
Materials and Methods: 25 individuals with history of pain episodes in the shoulder in the last year and 24
asymptomatic individuals in the last two years were included in the group 1 (G1) and 2 (G2) respectively.
The electromyographic activity of the upper (UT) and lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), middle
deltoid (MD) and infraspinatus (IE) muscles and 3D shoulder kinematics was acquired during shoulder
depression in the scapular plan. The electromyographic signal was used to calculate muscle timings and
sequences in relation to the start of the movement defined through kinematic analysis.
Results and Discussion: Statistical significant differences were observed between groups in the increase
and reduction of UT activity (p=0.001 and p=0.016 respectively), together with SA (p=0.019) and LT
(p=0.003) concerning the activity reduction. LT and IE increased activity later while the remaining muscles
increased their activity earlier in the G1. Also, this group presented a later reduction of the UT activity and
an earlier reduction of the remaining muscles. In general, the G2 present an increased activity of stability
muscles first followed by the mobility ones. In the G1, the sequence was reversed. As for the activity
reduction the sequence was not as linear, having MD assumed in both groups the first places and the UT
had a variable behavior in the G2.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that shoulder pain episodes up to one year are related to changes
in temporal motor control patterns of shoulder.
References
1. Phadke, V., & Ludewig, P. (2012). Study of the scapular muscle latency and deactivation time in people with and
without shoulder impingement. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , XXIII (2), pp. 469-475.
2. Worsley, P., Warner, M., Mottram, S., Gadola, S., Veeger, H., Hermens, H., et al. (2013). Motor control retraining
exercises for shoulder impingement: effects on function, muscle activation and biomechanics in young adults. J
Shoulder Elbow Surg , XXII (4), pp. 11-19.
55
OC9: Age effect on kinematic variables of stepping after multidirectional disturbances
Nuno Silva1, Cristina Melo1, António M. Montes1, Carlos Crasto1, Rita Santos1
1Department
of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Systems with influence on postural control suffer structural and functional changes with aging.
Therefore stepping strategies against external disturbances, may have different characteristics between
individuals of different age groups.
Objectives: To analyze step length, step average speed and step latency on forward-backward
disturbances, as well as stepping strategies after lateral disturbances. The relationship between lower limb
dominance and response limb was also analyzed.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 9 young, 9 adults and 10
older adults. Participants were subjected to forward-backward and lateral disturbances in order to trigger
stepping. All responses were analyzed by a force platform and the kinematic record in 3D. Statistically it
were used the Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni and the Chi-square tests, both with a 0.05 significance level.
Results and Discussion: Older adults showed shorter steps, being related to aging protective responses’
deterioration first signs (p>0.05). Young presented faster steps when compared with other groups (p>0.05).
Latency times were significantly lower in older adults on forward disturbances (p<0.05) and minor in young
on backward disturbances (p>0.05). In all groups, the lateral stepping (78.6%) was more frequent than the
crossover stepping (21.4%). On forward-backward disturbances, dominance limb may have predetermined
the response limb (74.4%), but not on lateral disturbances.
Conclusion: Older adults presented a decreased step length and average speed, but a lower latency time
on forward stepping. As age increases the lateral stepping is more common than crossover stepping. The
dominance limb can influence the response limb except on lateral disturbances.
References
1. Bierbaum, S., Peper, A., Karamanidis, K., & Arampatzis, A. (2011). Adaptive feedback potential in dynamic stability
during disturbed walking in the elderly. J Biomech, 44(10), 1921-1926. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.04.027
2. Lee, P. Y., Gadareh, K., & Bronstein, A. M. (2014). Forward-backward postural protective stepping responses in
young and elderly adults. Hum Mov Sci, 34, 137-146. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2013.12.010
3. Young, P. M., Whitall, J., Bair, W. N., & Rogers, M. W. (2013). Leg preference associated with protective stepping
responses in older adults. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 28(8), 927-932. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.07.015
56
OCS3: FREE THEME
Moderator: Ângelo Jesus (ESTSP.IPP)
OC10: The consumption of generic medicaments: perception and level of knowledge
Maria Ribeiro1,3, Adriana Santos2; Ana Neto2; Carla Oliveira2; Marisa Nascimento2, Tânia Pires2
1Department
of Social and Exact Sciences, Bragança Polytechnic Institute, Portugal
of Health, Bragança Polytechnic Institute, Portugal
3Centre of Transdisciplinary Development Studies supported by national funds provided by the FCT – the Portuguese
Foundation for Science and Technology, through its project UID/SOC/04011/2013.
2School
Introduction: The generic medicine has the same qualitative and quantitative composition in active
substances, pharmaceutical form and dosage, administered by the same way with the same therapeutic
indication and security than the reference medicine.
Objectives: To analyze the perception and level of knowledge about generic medicines and to study the
correlation with socio-economic variables such as education level, monthly medicines expenses,
employment, age and gender.
Materials and Methods: It was developed a cross-sectional study. A non-probabilistic sample of 381
individuals was collected in northern Portuguese localities during January and February 2015. To collect the
data was applied a questionnaire developed by Lopes, Silva, Pinto e Ribeiro (2). Most respondents were
female (53.5%) with ages between 18 and 88 years.
Results and Discussion: The level of knowledge about generic medicines was very poor (14.8%); poor
(21.0%); fair (39.9%); good (23.1%) and very good (1.2%). Most respondents (91.4%) consumed generic
medicines although they consider that reference medicines are more effective. The level of knowledge is
positive correlated with the education level and negatively correlated with age and monthly medicines
expenses. Gender was associated with the level of knowledge. Employment wasn’t associated with the level
of knowledge.
Conclusion: A significative proportion of respondents were misinformed about generic medicines, preferring
to consume the reference medicines that they consider more effective. According to the literature, doctors
are primarily responsible by the scarce information provided to the patient about generic medicines and by
not prescribing these medicines.
References
1. Branco, M. & Nunes, B. (2009). Uma observação sobre o consumo de Genéricos. Departamento de Epidemiologia.
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisboa.
2. Lopes, C.; Silva, F.; Pinto, Isabel; Ribeiro, Maria (2011). A perspectiva dos consumidores portugueses sobre os
medicamentos de marca vs medicamentos genéricos. In XXV Encontro Nacional APLF. Coimbra.
57
OC11: Antibacterial activity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds against clinical isolates
Maria José Alves1,2, Helena Pimentel2, Lilia Baía2, Rafaela Soares2, Cláudia Santos2, Wiliam C.B. Regis3,
Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira1
1Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
3Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUCMinas), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belo
Horizonte, Brasil
2School
Introduction: The use of antibiotics – including the over- and misuse – in human and veterinary practices
selected for resistant pathogens led to their emergence and dissemination along with the transmission of
resistant bacteria. Due to this problem, there is a need to investigate new strategies to reverse this tendency
in order to achieve the appropriate and effective treatment against infections.
Objectives: The present work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of an aqueous extract prepared
from Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açai) seeds (originated from Brazil), against clinical isolates from “Centro
Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro- Unidade de Vila Real”, with high resistance profiles to different
antibiotics.
Material and Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the growth of Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria were determined by the colorimetric assay based on the use of piodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) dye, after application of the microdilution method.
Results and discussion: The açaí aqueous extract showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested
Gram-positive bacteria. The lowest MICs (0.25 mg/ml) were obtained against Methicillin Susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), followed by the MIC 0.5 mg/ml
correspondent to Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis.
Regarding the inhibition of the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, the extract was active against Morganella
morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii with MICs 1 mg/ml e 2 mg/ml,
respectively. The results were better for Gram-positive bacteria in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion: However, even at low concentration (2 mg/ml) the results are very promising for Gramnegative bacteria with high resistance profiles and commonly related with health care-associated infections,
namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.
References
1. Marshall, B.M., Levy, S.B. (2011) Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
24: 718–733.
2. Barros, L., Calhelha, R.C., Queiroz, M.J.R.P., Santos-Buelga, C., Santos, E.A., Regis, W.C.B., Ferreira, I.C.F.R.
(2015) The powerful in vitro bioactivity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds and related phenolic compounds. Ind. Crop.
Prod. 76: 318–322.
58
OC12: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in products containing Neem oil
Sara Fernandes1,2, Luísa Barreiros1,3, Rita Ferraz Oliveira1,4,5,6, Cristina Prudêncio2,7, Mónica Vieira2, Nuno
Santos6, Joaquim Morgado5,6, Agostinho Cruz1
1
Center for Research and Information in Pharmacy (NIIF), Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied
Health Technologies , Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2
Department of Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA,School of
Allied Health Technologies , Porto Polytechnic Institute, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
3
REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
4
Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
5
M&M Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal.
6
M&M - GluckNeem Develop Team, Porto, Portugal.
7
I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal.
Introduction: Neem oil is obtained from seeds of Azadirachta indica, which present 30 to 50% (w/w) of oil
per seed. Neem oil has been associated with a great diversity of beneficial properties, namely antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory and insecticide. Information concerning the antibacterial activity of Neem oil is scarce.
Although the existing studies have demonstrated activity against both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, the
results are in some cases contradictory and do not include a significant number of organisms, namely
organisms associated with skin infections.
Objectives: Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of products containing Neem oil.
Materials and Methods: Neem oil samples, as well as commercial formulations containing Neem oil and
used as skin moisturizer cream, were tested on 14 microorganisms commonly found in the skin and skin
pathologies. The antibacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Antibiotics were
used as positive control. Samples with inhibition zones ≥5 mm (well diameter) were considered as having
antimicrobial activity.
Results and Discussion: All the samples exhibited activity against all the tested microorganisms. Inhibition
diameters between 9.2-20.5 mm were observed for samples whereas for positive controls values between
18.2-41.4 mm were obtained. The activity of the commercial formulations may not be exclusively due to
Neem oil, since the inhibition values of formulations tended to be higher than those observed with the oil,
and also because higher values were observed for the formulations containing less oil.
Conclusion: The analysed products exhibited satisfactory antimicrobial activity on all the tested bacteria,
including organisms frequently associated with skin infections. These results suggest the use of Neem oil
formulations may be advantageous, specially if a synergistic effect with other products and/or compounds is
potentiated.
References
1. Oyinbo, K., Mungadi, A. G. & Danjuma, J. B. (2013). The effect of Neem oil (Azadirachta indica oil) on pathogens
isolated from adult skin. International Journal of Engineering and Social Sciences, 3, 25-31.
59
OC13: Cytotoxicity of the soil fungus Pisolithus tinctorius spores against cancer cells – a potential
source of anticancer drugs
Ricardo Alves1, João Fernandes1, Marco Preto2, Rui S. Oliveira1,3,4, Rosário Martins1,2
1Research
Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Technologies , Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
2CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
3Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Introduction: Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide being the search for new anticancer
drugs essential for the treatment of this disease. The sporocarps of the soil fungus Pisolithus tinctorius
contain pisosterol, a triterpene that has been shown to have antitumor activity against some cancer cell
lines. Nevertheless, no studies have focused on the anticancer potential of other structures such as spores,
and so the anticancer potential of P. tinctorius, remains largely unknown.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of P. tinctorius spores as a source
of anticancer compounds.
Materials and Methods: A crude extract of spores was prepared with Dichloromethane/Methanol
(DCM/MeOH-2:1). From the crude extract, 11 fractions were prepared with increasing polarity. The viability
of the colon adenocarcinoma cell line RKO, breast carcinoma cell line T47D, osteocarcinoma cell line MG63
and the normal cell hCMEC/D3 exposed to crude extract and fractions was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction assay.
Results and Discussion: The concentration test of 0.1 mg/ml showed a reduction in cell viability of around
95% in all cancer cell lines in the fractions D, F, G and H, without significant reduction in viability of
hCMEC/D3 cells.
Conclusion: P. tinctorius spores exert cytotoxic activity in cancer cell lines, while having little effects on
normal cells, which highlights their anticancer potential.
Acknowledgements: R.S. Oliveira acknowledges the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
through research grant SFRH/BPD/85008/2012 and Fundo Social Europeu. This work was financed by national funds
through FCT within the scope of the Project PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2013.
References
1. Montenegro, R. C., Andrade-Neto, M., Elisabete, M., Pessoa, C. & Costa-Lotufo, L. (2004). Cytotoxic activity of
pisosterol, a triterpene isolated from Pisolithus tinctorius (Mich.: Pers.) Coker & Couch, 1928. Zeitschrift für
Naturforschung C, 59, 519-5.
60
OCS4: FREE THEME
Moderator: Artemisa R.Dores (ESTSP.IPP)
OC14: Risk factors characterization for respiratory and ear infections on children younger than 36
months
Sofia Teles1, Rita Santos 2, Ana Silva2
1Department
2Department
of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Santa Casa da Misericórdia, Aveiro, Portugal
Introduction: In Portugal, respiratory and ear infections are the main reason for hospital visits in pediatric
age and several risk factors have been pointed. The physiotherapist familiarity with these factors is crucial to
act in health promotion.
Objectives: To characterize the risk factors for upper and lower respiratory and ear infections in children
younger than 36 months attending daycare in Oporto.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 75 daycare children younger
than 36 months. Risk factors were evaluated using a registration form. Risk factors frequencies were
calculated according to each age group and each type of infection using descriptive statistics. The influence
between risk factors and infections prevalence and between the different types of infections was studied
using logistic regression.
Results and Discussion: During their life, 93.3% and 52.0% of the children had, respectively, at least an
upper and lower respiratory infection and 53.3% had an ear infection. Parents’ respiratory pathology (OR:
0,005 (0-4.828)) (p=0.132), pacifier use (OR: 0.106 (0.003-3.441)) (p=0.207) and premature birth (OR:
8.906 (0.100-794.991)) (p=340) may influence the prevalence of upper respiratory infections. Parents’
respiratory pathology (OR: 6.178 (0.983-38.831)) (p=0.052) and pacifier use (OR: 0.278 (0.062-1.251))
(p=0.095) may influence the prevalence of ear infections. The lower respiratory tract infections prevalence
was lightly influenced by parents' educational background and siblings attending daycare. There was a
mutual relation between upper respiratory and ear infections.
Conclusion: The use of pacifier, tobacco at home, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parents’
educational background and siblings attending daycare may be considered risk factors for the development
of upper and lower respiratory and ear infections.
References
1. Moore, H. C., de Klerk, N., Richmond, P., & Lehmann, D. (2010). A retrospective population-based cohort study
identifying target areas for prevention of acute lower respiratory infections in children. BMC Public Health, 10, 757.
61
OC15: A health model based on the clinical practice of physiotherapists
Liane Santos1, Paula Clara Santos1,2, Eduardo Brazete Cruz3
1Department
Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
3Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, Portugal
2 Research
Introduction: The evolution of health models has occurred in parallel with the definition changes of health
and rehabilitation. However, it is still unknown the predominant model of health based on manual therapist
clinical practice.
Objectives: Designing of a questionnaire to assess the health model and after its application to verify the
knowledge, the degree of agreement between the health model and physiotherapists’ attitudes and beliefs
(PABS-PT) and also examine the profile related to health care model.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted comprising a sample of 203
physiotherapists, mean age 29.64 ±8.014 (years). Data was collected through an online questionnaire sent
by the Portuguese Association of Physiotherapists. The questionnaire was from PABS-PT. To questionnaire
designing were measured content validity (with a panel of experts) and an accomplished pilot - study of
reliability with a test re-test with one week apart in a 10 physiotherapist sample. Data analysis used chisquare test, Spearman’s ordinal correlation coefficient and descriptive analysis.
Results and Discussion:
Questionnaire reliability presented 72.1% of the item values more than good. Most physiotherapists have
considered that their clinical practice had been based on holistic (42.4%) and biopsychosocial model
(41.9%). These models are the best-known (76.4% and 73.9% respectively). On intervention, evaluation has
given greater attention to physical symptoms, medical history and causes of condition. Work has yielded
more importance to biological and physical component. Analyzing attitudes and beliefs of those who referred
biomedical model as a basis has increased awareness of the model itself. The choice of model occurred
independently of physiotherapists’ profile.
Conclusion: Physiotherapists have considered their clinical practice was based on holistic model. However,
they have maintained intervention and evaluation focused on biomedical model.
References
1. Espíndola, D., & Borenstein, M. (2011). The historical evolution of physical therapy: from massage to professional
recognition. Fisioterapia Brasil, 389-94.
2. Laekeman, M., Sitter, H., & Basler, H. (2008). The Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists:
psychometric properties of the German version. Clínical rehabilitation,564-575.
3. Nijs, J., Roussel, N., van Wilgen, C., Köke, A., & Smeets, R. (2013). Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists'
and patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective
treatment. Manual therapy, 96-102.
62
OC16: Do health professionals hold different views about healthcare rationing than students? A
mixed method study in Portugal
Micaela Pinho1,2, Ana Pinto Borges3,4, Richard Cookson5
1Department
of Economics, Management and Informatics, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
Department of Economics, Management and Industrial Engineering, Aveiro University, Portugal.
3ISAG – European Business School, Porto, Portugal.
4Lusíada University – Norte, Porto, Portugal.
5LSE Health, London School of Economics, London.
2
Introduction: The scarcity of resources, which characterizes the Portuguese health system, highlights the
need for rationing. If rationing seems difficult at the macro level, it becomes hurtful and dramatic at the micro
level, when it becomes necessary to prioritize patients. The ethical dilemmas triggered by this reality are
related to the definition of the criteria to determine those priorities.
Objectives: This quali-quantitative study explores and compares the views of health professionals and
students in Portugal about the appropriate ethical principles for setting priorities between patients.
Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample
of 180 college students and 60 health professionals. Respondents faced a hypothetical bedside rationing
dilemma where they had to order four patients (differentiated by personal characteristics and health
conditions) and justify their choices. Ordered logit regressions were used to test for differences in ordering
and content analysis to categorize the justification of patient’s choices.
Results and Discussion: Both groups appeared to support three main rationing principles: (i) health
maximisation, (ii) priority to the severely ill and (iii) inter-generational equity. However, health professionals
seemed to give greater weight to health maximization and less weight to equality in life expectancy.
Conclusion: Although the two groups support a pluralistic viewpoint about how to establish priorities
between patients, they do not seem to give the same weight to each ethical principle, a fact that may
highlight tensions between how the public and health professionals want to prioritize the micro allocation of
scarce resources.
63
OC17: Evaluation of the effectiveness of different safety education interventions: a study with
secondary school students
Cláudia Vale, Matilde A. Rodrigues
Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health
Introduction: Younger workers are more vulnerable to be injured at work, due to a lower experience and
knowledge to deal with risks. These workers need to be prepared before their integration in the labor market
in order to avoid unsafe behaviors, reducing the occupational accidents. However, for the success of a
safety educational intervention (SEI), effective techniques need to be used.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of three different techniques of SEI, to be applied
in future workers.
Materials and Methods: A SEI was designed and applied to 299 secondary students. Three different
techniques were used: theory, demonstration, and testimonies. To evaluate their effectiveness, the same
survey questionnaire was applied two weeks before and one week after the SEI. The questionnaire included
items related to knowledge, safety behaviors, risk perception, risk acceptance and safety commitment.
Results and Discussion: Results showed an important and significant impact of the SEI in all the analyzed
dimensions. Only for two items related to knowledge the differences were not significant. Comparisons
among the applied SEI techniques showed differences in their effectiveness for risk perception, risk
acceptance and safety behaviors, where a higher effect was found for demonstration and testimonies
techniques. However, for knowledge and safety commitment, theoretical SEI was found to be as effective as
the fear-evoking SEI. SEI was, in general, equally effective for both genders, and for students from different
school types.
Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the importance of a SEI in students close to integrate the
labor market. However, appropriate intervention techniques need to be applied in order achieve effective
results.
References
1. Laberge, M. & Ledoux, E. 2011. Occupational health and safety issues affecting young workers: a literature review.
Work 39(3): 215-32.
64
OCS5: FREE THEME
Moderator: Piedade Barros (ESTSP.IPP)
OC18: Toxicity of formaldehyde alternative fixatives to ecological model organisms
Piedade Barros and Regina A. Silva
Centre of Health and Environmental Research –CISA, School of Allied Health Technologies-ESTSP, Polytechnic
Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Fixation is a fundamental and critical step in the preparation of tissue specimens for
histological study since, if it is carried out under non optimal conditions, irreversible damage can occur and
subsequent information obtainable from the specimen is compromised. Formaldehyde is the most common
fixative in histology but due to its occupational and environmental toxicity, formalin substitute’s fixatives have
been developed. The toxic evaluations of these fixatives to environmental key species are still poorly
studied.
Objectives: The purpose of this work was to study the toxicity of alternative fixatives, RCL2, FineFix and
GreenFix to key environmental model species from marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems.
Materials and Methods: The toxic effects of RCL2, FineFix and GreenFix where assessed with algal and
cyanobacteria growth inhibition test conducted following the European Guideline OECD 201; with Test No.
202, Daphnia sp. acute immobilisation test and Test No. 211, Daphnia magna reproduction test; The test
with marine Artemia was adapted from Ferreira, C.,Nunes, B, Nunes, A., Almeida, J, Guilhermino, (2007).
The toxicity to seed plants was assessed with the OECD Test No. 208, Terrestrial plant test: Seedling
emergence and seedling growth test.
Results and Discussion: All the alternative fixative tested were less toxic than formaldehyde to all the
species studied. FineFix was highly toxic to seed germination. Fine Fix was the less toxic to green algae and
to freshwater and marine crustaceans. Cyanobacteria and Lactuca seeds had low sensitivity to GreenFix.
Conclusion: The different species both from fresh and marine water and from terrestrial ecosystems do not
respond similarly to the fixatives tested. Comparing all the fixatives and all the species tested, GreenFix was
the less toxic.
References
1. Ferreira, C.; Nunes, B.; Almeida, J.; Guilhermino, L. 2007. Acute toxicity of oxytetracycline and florfenicol to the
microalgae Tetraselmis chuii and to the crustacean Artemia parthenogenetica. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.;67(3):452-8.
65
OC19: Performance of a new HPLC-based method for 3-NT quantification in different biological
matrices
Dulce Teixeira1, Cristina Prudêncio1,2, Rúben Fernandes1,2, Mónica Vieira1
1Department
2I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal
Introduction: 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in biological samples have been associated with numerous
physiological and pathological conditions. For this reason, throughout the last years, several attempts have
been made in order to develop methods that accurately detect and quantify 3-NT in biological samples. In
fact, a variety of works have been published on methods that allow the detection of 3-NT in several
biological fluids and tissues. However, the accurate quantification of this molecule, which is present at very
low concentrations both at physiological and pathological conditions, is always a complex task and a matter
of concern.
Objectives: In order to overcome this problem, we aimed to evaluate the performance of an HPLC protocol
for 3-NT quantification, previously developed and validated by our group, in a wide range of biological
matrices.
Materials and Methods: An HPLC system and a RP-18 column were used. The biological matrices used
were quality control samples (serum, whole blood, and urine), melanoma cell line B16, F-10 growth medium
conditioned with the same cell line, gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram positive (Staphylococcus
aureus) bacterial and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) suspensions. Selected samples were also spiked
with three 3-NT concentration levels (50, 1000, and 25000 ng/mL).
Results and Discussion: The protocol used (0.5% CH3COOH:MeOH (15:15:70) as the mobile phase, and
detection at 356nm) allowed the successful detection and quantification of 3-NT in all biological matrices
tested. Extraction efficiency was also calculated in serum, urine and whole blood samples, with mean
recovery rates of 94.31±4.43%, 95.03±5.12% and 80.14±13.64%, respectively.
Conclusion: Unlike other previously described methods for 3-NT quantification, our HPLC-based method
was successfully applied to a wide range of biological specimens, exhibiting a great performance in all of
them.
Acknowledgments: B Int-ICD/IPP-BST/CISA/01/2014 by IPP.
References
1. ICH Validation of analytical procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(r1) (2005).
66
OC20: Predictive factors for incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery
Soraia Moreira1, Cristina Baeta2,3
1School
of Cardiopneumology, School of Allied Health Technologies (ESTSP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila
3Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been described as the arrhythmia with higher incidence in
postoperative period and follow-up of cardiac surgery.
Objectives: To study the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery and explore the relationship between this
incidence and the main predictive factors.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study. Cardiac rhythm was evaluated in four moments
(end of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), intensive care unit/hospitalization, pre hospital discharge, followup). Main preoperative predictive factors were: age, sex, left and right atria dilation, left ventricular
hypertrophy, hypertension, aortic disease. Main perioperative predictive factors were: type of surgery,
surgery with/without CPB, use of cardioplegia, CPB and aortic clamping time. Fisher’s exact and Chi-square
tests were used, the significance level was 0.05. The study was approved by Ethics Committee.
Results and Discussion: Between January and December 2014, 399 individuals were selected, 74.9%
male, mean age 66.8 (±10.5) years. Aortic valve replacement surgery (AVRS) showed higher incidence of
AF in all evaluation moments compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (2.27%/0.00%,
28.79%/13.48%, 6.06%/1.50%, 11.43%/0.00%). AF was associated with age over 65 years (p=0.00),
hypertension (p=0.02), left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0.00), chronic renal failure (p=0.01), aortic stenosis
(p=0.00), AVRS and CABG (p=0.00), cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.00) and use of cardioplegia (p=0.00).
Conclusion: The incidence of AF was higher in AVRS, and the evaluation moment with higher incidence
was intensive care unit/hospitalization in both types of surgery. Preoperative predictive factors associated
with AF were age, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, aortic stenosis and chronic renal failure.
Intraoperative predictive factors were surgery with CPB and the use of cardioplegia.
References
1. Saxena, A. et al. (2013). Postoperative atrial fibrillation after isolated aortic valve replacement: a cause for concern?
Ann Thorac Surg, 95(1), 133-140.
2. Thorén, E. et al. (2012). Prediction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in a large coronary artery bypass grafting cohort.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 14(5), 588-593.
67
OC21: Impact of the contact strategy on a program for the reduction of stigma in adolescents in a
school context: an exploratory study
Ana Cardoso1, Sara de Sousa1,2, Mariana Fontoura2, João Viana1,2
1School
Clinic and Mental Health of São João Hospital, Porto, Portugal
2Psychiatric
Introduction: Stigma is a barrier in adolescents’ mental health treatment. The best known strategies to
reduce adolescents’ stigmatizing attitudes are education and contact. However, the latter’s effectiveness in
adolescents isn’t consensual yet.
Objectives: Evaluate the influence of a greater number of moments of contact of people with mental illness,
who entered the program "Porta Aberta à Saúde Mental", on the stigma of adolescents.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 91 students, aged between 14-17, who attend
three schools from Porto (Portugal), were divided into two experimental groups. The adolescents’ stigma
was assessed through the AQ-27 Attribution Questionnaire with pre and post-tests (significance level of
0.05).
Results and Discussion: Both groups showed significant reduction in stigma in the Dangerousness, Fear,
Help and Coercion domains, after intervention. The group with a greater number of contact moments
showed both a significant decrease in stigma in the Fear domain (p<0.05), and a significant increase in the
mean of the Segregation domain (p<0.05). Fear is known to be a central feature of stigma towards mental
illness. After intervention, there weren’t significant differences between groups (p=0.24).
Conclusion: The combination of education and contact strategies in reducing adolescents’ stigma, in a
school context, is effective, although a greater number of contact moments doesn’t show a significant impact
in that reduction. Future research is needed to perceive how/where the contact strategy could be more
successful in changing adolescents’ stigma.
References
1. Ke, S., Lai, J., Sun, T., Yang, M. M., Wang, J. C., & Austin, J. (2015). Healthy Young Minds: The Effects of a 1-hour
Classroom Workshop on Mental Illness Stigma in High School Students. Community Ment Health J, 51(3), 329-337.
2. Mellor, C. (2014). School-based interventions targeting stigma of mental illness: systematic review. Psychiatr Bull,
38(4), 164-171.
68
OC22: Portuguese foundation Graphogame: Preliminary results with a socioeconomic variable
influence
Ana Sucena Santos1,2,3, Joana Cruz3,4, Fernanda Leopoldina Viana3, Ana Filipa Silva1,2
1Politechnic
Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
of Investigation and Intervention in Literature
3Education Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
4Câmara Municipal de Matosinhos
2Center
Introduction: Graphogame software is a support software for acquisition learning that has been adapted to
different languages. Experimental studies with the use of Graphogame reveal that this software is an
effective tool in the support of reading and spelling acquisition.
Objectives: The current study has as the goal of assessing the effect of Portuguese foundation
Graphogame in the learning of reading and writing by monolingual children, native speakers of European
Portuguese, identified as at risk of having reading acquisition learning difficulties.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight children in the first year of school were assessed, distributed between
an experimental and a control group. In both groups of children the socioeconomic variable was controlled,
by selecting children from ED (Economically deprived) group and children from NED (Non economically
deprived) group. Children from the experimental group played Graphogame ten minutes per day, in school
context, during eight weeks, whereas the children from the control group followed the standard schooling
course. Both groups were subject to the same assessment moments with the same measurements
(phonemic awareness, letter sound knowledge, decoding skills and lexical development) before and after
training.
Results and Discussion: The results show a bigger learning effect in every measurement in the
experimental group than in the control group. It can also be noticed that the children from the experimental
group from the ED group have close/equivalent results to the children from the NED group.
Conclusion: The results justify the usage of the Graphogame software in the future.
References
1. Kyle, F., Kujala, J.V., Richardson, U., Lyytinen, H., & Goswami, U. (2013). Assessing the effectiveness of two
theoretically motivated computer-assisted reading interventions in the United Kingdom: GG Rime and GG Phoneme.
Reading Research Quarterly, 48 (1), 61-76.
2.Sucena, A., & Castro, S. L. (2011). ALEPE - Avaliação da Leitura em Português Europeu [ALEPE]. Avaliação da
leitura e da escrita em português europeu]. Lisboa: CEGOC-TEA.
69
OCS6: FREE THEME
Moderator: Sandra Ventura (ESTSP.IPP)
OC23: Apparent diffusion coefficient in the analysis of prostate cancer
Nuno Adubeiro1, Luísa Nogueira1, Eduardo Ribeiro1, Sandra Alves1 Hugo Ferreira3, José La Fuente4
1Department
2Department
of Radiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
of Biomathematics and biostatistics, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
3Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal
4Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar / Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Serviço de Urologia, Porto
Introduction: The multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) approach, has allowed the
diagnostic performance in the detection and characterization of prostate cancer (PCa). Diffusion-weighted
imaging (DWI), is an important technique in the MPMRI, that provides qualitative and quantitative biological
information regarding water diffusivity in a non-invasive manner. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)
measures water mobility and can be quantified from the signal intensity loss between two or more b-values.
Different studies reported that ADC values are directly associated with microvessel density and cellularity.
One of the main aspects that is in discussion is the b-values that must be used in the DWI sequence in
order to compute ADC.
Objectives: In this study we analyzed different b-values combinations, with the purpose of determining
which combination enables an optimal differentiation between normal and malignant tissues via the
apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameter.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study analyzed 43 patients with clinical indication to perform
pelvic MPMRI, with symptoms highly suggestive of PCa or PCa already diagnosed.
Results and Discussion: ADC values derived from b50, 2000 s/mm2 were for PCa, healthy peripheral
zone tissue and healthy central gland tissue 0.694±0.13 ×10-³ mm²/s, 1.016±0.135 ×10-³ mm²/s and
0.971±0.118 ×10-³ mm²/s, respectively. Using this b-value pair combination and an ADC cutoff of 0.891 x10³ mm²/s we achieved a sensitivity of 95.5%, specificity of 93.2% and an accuracy of 94.4%.
Conclusion: The best combination of b-value to study the prostate cancer was b50,2000 s/mm2. Other bvalues instead of b0 s/mm2 should preferentially be included in ADC estimation.
References
1. Bae H, Yoshida S, Matsuoka Y, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient value as a biomarker reflecting morphological
and biological features of prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2014;46:555.
2. Jagannathan, N. R. (2014). Prostate MR: current status, challenges and future directions. NMR in Biomedicine,
27(1), 1–2.
70
CO24: Radiographic image quality criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee
Rita Alves1, João Paulo Caldeira 2, Sandra Rua Ventura3
1School
Department of Centro Hospitalar do Porto E.P.E, Porto, Porto, Portugal
3Radiology Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia,
Portugal
2Radiology
Introduction: The femorotibial joint is the most affected in osteoarthritis (OA) and the main symptom is pain.
Weight-bearing plain radiographs of the knees are the most reliable diagnostic tool for evaluating and
grading the severity of this disease. The joint space width (JSW) has been increasingly used to assess the
severity of OA from radiographs.
Objectives: To present a reliable method for visual image quality assessment of weight-bearing knee
radiographs and proposes guidelines for diagnostic measurements predictors of OA.
Materials and Methods: Through a retrospective study, 68 weigh-bearing knees radiographs performed in
adult patients aged between 50 to 86 years with a diagnosis of gonarthrosis have been analysed and
assessed. Visual analysis and diagnostic measurements predictors of OA were performed using ImageJ
software.
Results and Discussion: This image data analysis demonstrate that most errors of image quality are
radiographic contrast in 52.9% (n=18) in image A and 44.1% (n=15) in image B on left knee and nonsuperimposition of the posterior and anterior edges of the tibiae plateau were absent in 17.7% of image A
and 14.7% of image B.
Conclusion: Regarding the fulfilment of the image quality criteria, the results are satisfactory and most of
radiographs have acceptable quality. However the failure of image quality criteria complicates the
assessment and measurement of the JSW. In this study a few predictive diagnostic measurements of knee
OA from the weigh-bearing radiographs were performed. The role and usefulness in the diagnosis and
treatment of this pathology will be emphasized.
Acknowledgments: The images were acquired Centro Hospitalar do Porto E.P.E. This project had the approval of
Ethics Committee, Administrative Council and the Education, Training and Research Department (DEFI) of the
hospital.
References
1. Espregueira – Mendes,J.,& Pessoa,P.(2008).O Joelho. Lisboa. LIDEL.
2. Guermazi,A., Hayashi,D., Exkstein,F., Hunter,D., Duryea,J.,& Roemer,F.(2013). Imaging of Osteoarthritis.
Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 39(1), 67-105.
3. Kinds,M., Welsing,P., Vignon.E., Bijlsma,J., Viergever,M., Manijnissen,A.,& Lafeber,F.(2011). 4. A systematic review
of the association between radiographic and clinical osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Osteoarthritis and
Cartilage.19(7), 768–778.
71
OC25: The impact of using a geographic information systems in the assessment of oncological
surgery response
Cristina Amil-Dias, Paulo Veloso Gomes
School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Between 2002 and 2012 malignant tumours were responsible for almost 24% of deaths
registered in Portugal (INE,2014). Annually reports provide the latest information and recommendations.
Geographic Information System is a powerful tool to generate and obtain relevant information and find
relationships between factors that apparently were not associated.
Objectives: Create a model that exemplifies the use of a Geographic Information System to make a simple
analysis with published data in a traditional way, can be powerful and relevant, providing a different
perspective through more complete information.
Materials and Methods: Data providers: Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal 2013 (DGT); Mortality due
to Malignant Tumours rate, 2009-2012 by NUTSIII (INE/DGS/MS,PORDATA); Hospitals with Planned
Oncological Surgery and Registry List for Malignant Tumours Surgery / Hospital with Time Maximum
Response Guaranteed rates, 2013 (ACSS/SIGIC,2014). Data analysis: QGIS2.0. Methods: Mapping
mortality rate by NUTSIII; hospitals by coordinates; Registry list by Hospital.
Results and Discussion: Urgent measures are needed to relieve the overloaded hospitals. This method
allows to easily identify solutions that are not evident without the geographical component, such as establish
collaboration protocols with nearby hospitals with lower rates.
Conclusion: The developed model through a rich graphic data representation, allows to cross data from
different study factors with its geographical location.
The identification of asymmetries and potential patterns, hardly detectable in the initial report, becomes
more evident. More and better information allows better definition of future strategies.
References
1. ACSS / SIGIC. (2014). Relatório da Atividade em Cirurgia Programada Oncológica – Ano 2013 . Unidade Central de
Gestão de Inscritos para Cirurgia
2. INE. (2014). Dia Mundial da Saúde. Lisboa: Destaque - Informação à Comunicação Social
Programa Nacional para as doenças oncológicas, Direção de Serviços de Informação e Análise. (2014). Portugal
Doenças Oncológicas em números –2014. Lisboa: Direção-Geral de Saúde
72
OC26: Analysis of the cochlear dose in head and neck cancer radiotherapy
Jennifer Afonso1, Leila Khouri 2, Brígida Ferreira 3
1School
Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
3Radiotherapy Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Instituto
Introduction: Internal hearing damage induced by radiotherapy (RT) can lead to sensorineural hearing loss
(hypoacusia) due tumor’s proximity with the auditory apparatus. Furthermore, the concurrent use of RT with
chemotherapy (cisplatin) is known to increase toxicity.
Objective: To quantify the radiation dose delivered to the (ipsilateral and contralateral) cochlea in head and
neck cancer patients with and without hypoacusia.
Materials and Methods: 99 head and neck cancer patients (nasopharynx, oropharynx, salivary glands and
paranasal sinuses tumor cases), treated at Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Coimbra between 2007 and
2013 with intensity-modulated RT were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: no
complications (grade 0) and with hypoacusia (grade 1-4). A statistical comparison between the mean dose
delivered to the cochleas in patients with and without hypoacusia was made for the follow-up time: 7, 12, 18
and 24 months.
Results and Discussion: Hypoacusia incidence was around 30%. For all follow-up times and risk groups
evaluated, the cochleas of patients with hypoacusia were irradiated with a significantly higher dose than the
cochlea from patients without this complication. The ipsilateral cochlear mean dose in patients without and
with hypoacusia was 31.8±21.2 Gy and 47.3±17.2 Gy (p <0.01), respectively. For the contralateral cochlea
was 26.3±22.0 Gy and 36.7±19.1 Gy (p=0.03), respectively. Tumor location (nasopharynx and oropharynx),
disease stage (T3-4 and N2-3) and radiochemotherapy showed to be factors related to a higher rate of
hearing side-effects.
Conclusion: To reduce the risk of hypoacusia the dose in the cochlea must be minimized and should not
surpass 45 Gy. Patients with more advanced tumors undergoing more aggressive treatments, such as
concurrent chemotherapy, have a higher risk to develop hypoacusia.
References
1. Bhandare, N. et al. (2007). Ototoxicity after radiotherapy for head and neck tumors. Radiation Oncology, 67 (2), 469479.
73
OC27: Analyses of pharyngeal constrictor muscles doses in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer
patients
Jéssica Guerra1, Leila Khouri2 Brígida Ferreira3
1School
Português de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil, Portugal
3Radiotherapy Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Instituto
Introduction: Late dysphagia is a radiotherapy (RT) side-effect that may develop up to 3 years after
treatment and could be related to the irradiation of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles (PCM) in RT.
Objectives: To quantify the radiation dose delivered to the PCM in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients
with and without dysphagia.
Materials and Methods: 154 H&N cancer patients treated with radiotherapy at Instituto Português de
Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil (IPOCFG) between 2007 and 2013 were included in this study. The
mean dose and maximum significant (D2%) dose delivered to the total PCM and to the superior, medium and
inferior PCM were determined for the group of patients with and without dysphagia at the follow-up times of
7, 12, 18 and 24 months.
Results and Discussion: The incidence of grade 1-3 late dysphagia at 7, 12, 18 and 24 months after RT
was 31.3%, 25.7%, 14.8% e 15.8 %, respectively. Only at 24 months a statistically significant difference
between the dose in the PCM in patients with and without dysphagia was obtained. The mean dose in the
PCM in patients without and with dysphagia was 50.6 ± 7.2 Gy and 56.6 ± 5.7 Gy (p=0.007) and the D2%
was 61.5 ± 7.1 Gy and 67.4 ± 5.9 Gy (p=0.006), respectively. A statistically significant difference was also
found in risk groups composed by patients with oropharyngeal tumors, with T1-2 and N2-3 tumor stage and
treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy.
Conclusion: To reduce the risk of late dysphagia the dose in the PCM must be minimized and not surpass
55.5-58 Gy.
References
1. Popovtzer, A., Cao Y, Y., Feng, F., & Eisbruch, A. (2009). Anatomical changes in the pharyngeal constrictors after
chemo-irradiation of head and neck cancer and their dose-effect relationships: MRI-based study. Radiotherapy and
Oncology. Volume 93(3). Pages 510-515.
74
OCS7: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE – HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
Moderator: Filipa Quintela Vieira (ESTSP.IPP)
OC28: Screening of the activity of quercetin-biapigenin and their poly(ε-caprolactone)-loaded
nanoparticles in HepG2 cells
Ana Isabel Oliveira1,2, Cláudia Pinho1,2, Bruno Sarmento3,4, 5, Alberto CP Dias2
1Center
for Research and Information in Pharmacy-NIIF, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA, School of
Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
2Agrobioplant Group (CITAB-UM), Biology Department, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;
3CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto
Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal;
4I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal;
5INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Hypericum perforatum extracts have been used for their antidepressive effects. A selected
fraction (HP) containing quercetin and biapigenin proved to be neuroprotective. Liver is the organ primary
responsible for compound metabolization and extremely susceptibility to toxic effects.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the hepatotoxic/protective activity of HP and HP PCL-loaded
nanoparticles
Materials and Methods: Pure HP, containing mainly quercetin and biapigenin (1:1 w/w, HPLC-DAD) was
obtained by isolation and purification method. HP PCL-nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation
and extensively characterized. HP and its PCL-loaded nanoparticles assessment of cellular toxicity was
performed by MTT assay (concentration range: 1-100 µg/mL). To study HP ability to protect HepG2 cells
against t-BOOH-induced toxicity two incubation regimens (pre and co-incubation) were used. To study the
potential protective effect of HP and its nanoparticles against t-BOOH-induced lipid peroxidation coincubation regimen was used.
Results and Discussion: Generally, HP showed increasing cytotoxicity, in a concentration dependent
manner. In the higher concentrations tested, despite its toxicity, HP PCL-loaded nanoparticles were
significantly less toxic than HP. Pre-treating HepG2 cells with HP PCL-loaded nanoparticles revealed
protective activity in all concentrations tested, in comparison with HP. When comparing with t-BOOH, HP
PCL-loaded nanoparticles presented significant protective properties in lower concentrations. In the coincubation regimen, HP revealed better protective activity than PCL-loaded nanoparticles in all
concentrations tested. Effects of HP and its nanoparticles against t-BOOH-induced lipid peroxidation were
coherent with the co-incubation MTT assay.
Conclusion: Assessed their activity in HepG2 cells, HP PCL-loaded nanoparticles are good candidates for
further studies. Taking into account HP antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, it is relevant to study the
potential of these nanoparticles to reach brain-blood barrier and brain.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by FCT, projects PTDC/AGR-ALI/105169/2008, PEst-OE/AGR/UI4033/2014.
Ana Isabel Oliveira is supported by ESTSP-IPP (Programa de Formação Avançada de Docentes).
References
1. Gresson J. M., Stanford B., Monti D. A. (2001). St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): A review of the current
pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature. Psychopharmacology. 153: 402-414.
75
OC29: Bisphenol A alters transcript levels of biomarker genes for major depressive disorder
Edna Ribeiro-Varandas1,2, H. Sofia Pereira2, Wanda Viegas2 and Margarida Delgado2
1Lisbon
School of Health Technology, Politechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa,
Portugal
2Landscape,
Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely utilized endocrine disruptor capable of mimicking endogenous
hormones with potential consequences for human health. Very low BPA concentrations affect transcription
levels of genes involved in major cellular processes and exposure to this compound has been associated
with the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Although the research for biological
markers of neuropsychiatric disorders has been a challenge, biomarker genes for Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) diagnostics have been identified (Spijker, S. et al, 2010).
Objectives: In this work MDD biomarker genes were utilized to perform transcriptional analysis of BPA
effects on cell lines representative of tissues directly exposed to BPA in vivo.
Materials and Methods: Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and Human Colon
Adenocarcinona cell line (HT29) were exposed to environmental relevant BPA concentrations in the range
detected in human blood at environmental exposures (10 ng/mL) and associated to occupational exposure
(1 µg/mL). Quantitative Real-Time PCR was utilized for transcriptional analysis of biomarker genes MDD.
Results and Discussion: The results show that BPA differentially affects transcript levels of MDD biomarker
genes. In HUVEC, BPA induces more marked effects after prolonged exposures (72 h) to the higher BPA
dose while in HT29 cell line stronger effects are detected after short exposure (24 h) to the lower assayed
concentration.
Conclusion: BPA can affect gene transcription trough nuclear and membrane-bound oestrogen receptors
expressed in both tested cell lines as well as throughout the central nervous system. These results
substantiate increasing concerns of BPA exposure in levels currently detected in humans.
Acknowledgments: FCT-PTDC/AACAMB/103968/2008, Pest-OE/AGR/UI0240/2014 and grant SFRH/BD/44277
/2008.
References
1. Spijker, S. Van Zanten, JS. De Jong, S. Penninx, BW. van Dyck, R. Zitman, FG. et al. (2010). Stimulated gene
expression profiles as a blood marker of major depressive disorder, Biol Psychiatry, 68:179-186.
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.017
76
OC30: Diabetic rats lose A2A receptor-mediated facilitation of ileal myenteric cholinergic
neurotransmission
Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro1, Maria Teresa Magalhães-Cardoso1, Fátima Ferreirinha1, Vanessa MendesHenriques1,2, Paulo Correia-de-Sá1, Margarida Duarte-Araújo1
1Laboratório
de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa
(MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal.
2School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
Introduction: Enteric dysmotility is a long-term complication of Diabetes mellitus that causes significant
discomfort in 76% of diabetic outpatients [1].
Objective: Knowing that purines may be involved in synaptic transmission modifications in the CNS of
diabetic rats [2], we decided to investigate if purinergic dysfunction could also play a role in diabetic enteric
neuropathy in rats.
Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ-rats, 55mg/kg, IP) became
hyperglycemic (412±10 md/dL, n=48) in 48 hours. Experiments were performed at day 14 on longitudinal
muscle-myenteric plexus (LM-MP) of the ileum of control and STZ-rats. By HPLC analysis, we showed that
extracellular ATP (30 µM) hydrolysis is faster (t½ 4.3±0.5 min, n=3) in STZ-rats than in control animals (t½
7±1 min, n=6). Despite the faster adenosine formation from ATP in STZ-animals, the nucleoside hardly
accumulates in the LM-MP because adenosine (30 µM) was inactivated into inosine more rapidly in STZrats (t½ 13±3 min, n=4) than in control animals (t½ 34±1, n=4) [2]. The inhibitory effect of the A1 receptor
agonist (R-PIA, 300 nM) on evoked [3H]-acetylcholine ([3H]-ACh, 5 Hz, 200 pulses of 1ms) was similar in
control (-36±4%, n=4) and STZ (-45±8%,n=3) rats. Conversely, the A2A receptor agonist, CGS 21680C
(3nM), facilitated [3H]-ACh release by 53±10% (n=4) in control animals but not in diabetics (-19±7%, n=3).
Confocal microscopy studies indicate that immunoreactivity against A1 receptors in maintained, but A2A
labeling decreases in STZ-rats.
Conclusion: Though adenosine formation is faster in the LM-MP of diabetic rats the nucleoside is rapidly
inactivated. Low extracellular adenosine levels, together with the functional loss of A2A-receptor-mediated
facilitation of cholinergic neurotransmission may contribute to constipation, the most common GI complaint
of diabetic patients.
Acknowledgments: FCT (PEst-OE/SAU/UI0215/2014).
References
1. Yarandi and Srinivasan (2014) Neurogastroenterol Motil, 26, 611-624.
2. Duarte et al. (2006) Neuroch. Int., 48, 144-150.
77
OC31: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus – a cross-sectional study in
primary health care
Carla Lopes da Mota1,2, Helena Beça3, Cláudia Barrias2, Pedro Monteiro2
1Barão
do Corvo Personalized Health Care Unit; Department of Functional Sciences, School of Allied Health
Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal.
2Department of Functional Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3Espinho Family Health Unit.
Introduction: There are several complications associated with Diabetes, of which, neuropathy,
nephropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease are the most frequent. The cardiovascular autonomic
neuropathy seems to be the most important form of autonomic neuropathy when it comes to clinical impact.
Objectives: It was intended to determine the prevalence of this complication in a population of type 2
diabetics, followed in Primary Health Care and define the association between individual and analytic
factors.
Materials and Methods: It was performed a cross-sectional study in Family Health Unit (FHU) Espinho, in
2012. The sample was selected randomly (N= 200). All the participants were interviewed and performed five
cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (heart rate response to deep inspiration, Valsalva maneuver and lyingto-standing and blood pressure response to lying-to-standing and isometric muscle contraction). It was
considered the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy when at least two tests were positive. For
descriptive statistical analysis it was determined the mean and standard deviation and frequency
distribution. It was created a logistic regression model for each independent variable and a global model for
age, disease duration and glycosylated hemoglobin.
Results and Discussion: Most participants were male (53%). The average age was 68 years, mean
disease duration was 9,6 years and the mean HbA1c was 6,6%. The prevalence of cardiovascular
autonomic neuropathy was 55%. HbA1c was the only variable to show effect on prevalence [OR: 1.41 (95%
CI: 1.039 to 1.914; p = 0.027)].
Conclusion: Being aware of the existence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2
diabetes may contribute to its prevention and diagnosis and adjustment of therapeutic measures. Given the
enormous individual, family and social impact of DM further studies are needed to clarify the causes of
autonomic neuropathy and the best approach.
Acknowledgments: This research had financial support by BICUS – Tecnifar.
References
1. Vinik AI, et al (2007). Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Circulation; 115: 387-397; Spallone V et al (2011).
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab
Res Rev; 27:639-653; 33.
2. Bernardi, L. et al (2011). Methods of investigation for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in human research studies.
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews; 654-664.
78
OCS8: NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE
Moderator: Paula Clara Santos (ESTSP.IPP)
OC32: Assessment of pain characteristics in patients of Clínica Médica Povo Portuense: 3 seasons
study
Sofia Cunha1, Mónica Vieira1, Cristina Prudêncio1,2
1Department
2I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal
Introduction: Currently, most of the patients having chronic pain (CP) present neuropathic pain (NP).
Therefore, the study of the main features of pain contributes to a better and more appropriate treatment.
Objectives: To study the duration and etiology of pain, associated pathologies (AP) and usual medication
(UM) as well its socio-demographic characteristics (SDC); To assess pain location (PL), intensity, relief by
medication and its effect on daily activities (DA); To determine the main features of NP.
Materials and Methods: Data collection was made over 3 seasons: n=63. The convenience sample was
CMPP patients that voluntarily and by personal contact agreed to participate in this study, signing an
informed consent. The parameters assessed were SCD (gender, age and occupation), pain duration (PD)
and pain etiology, AP and UM. Two surveys were applied: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Douleur
Neuropathique 4 (DN4). This study was approved by ESTSP Ethics Commission.
Results and Discussion: Patients mean age was 63 years, mostly females (82%), and 63% were retired.
The PD is longer than 3 months and is transverse to the 3 seasons (91%). 49% have identified hip, thigh
and leg, and 36% lumbar as the more frequent PL. Concerning AP, patients with hypertension,
hypercholesterolemia and diabetes were found. 91% of the patients indicated use of pain medication(PM).
The mean score in the 3seasons for maximum pain was 7±2 (scale 0-10). The most influenced DA were
general activity, normal work and sleep (8, scale 0-10). The results indicate that 57% of patients using PM
have relief symptoms. Brushing was the higher complaint (64%).
Conclusion: This study enables crossing data over 3 seasons, where the age seems to be related to pain
complaints (PC). Our results indicate that autumn is the season with more PC, having a higher consumption
of PM. Presumable NP is present in 44% of population. These results suggest that DA are affected by pain,
and medication does not look totally effective.
79
OC33: The influence of knee pain in the incapacity and proprioception in older adults
Ana Sofia Freitas, Cristina Argel de Melo, António Mesquita Montes, Carlos Crasto e Rita Santos
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The pain in the knee presents a multifactorial ethology, with age as an important risk factor.
The pain in the knee might be related to changes in the proprioception of the knee.
Objectives: To compare the influence of the unilateral pain with the bilateral pain in the knee in the disability
and proprioception in older adults.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 11 individuals with knee pain,
divided into two groups: one with unilateral pain (UPG=6) and another one with bilateral pain (BPG=5). The
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used to analyse the pain, stiffness and other
symptoms, everyday activities, sports and recreation and in the quality of life. It was also performed a
measurement of the passive and active articular position, as well as the sense of load discrimination. The
Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests were carried out, with a significance level of 0.05.
Results and Discussion: In the different KOOS dimensions, even though there were no significant
differences amongst the groups, the UPG presents lower scores, which translate a greater disability. In the
articular position sense and in the load discrimination sense, there were no significant changes verified
amongst the groups. It was observed a significant relationship between the load discrimination and the
KOOS domains, pain (p<0.001) and everyday activities (p=0.010), and it was in the UPG that was verified a
very strong positive correlation.
Conclusion: Unilateral or bilateral Knee pain, do not influence disability, nor proprioception in the older
adults.
References
1. Hamilton, C. B., Maly, M. R., Clark, J. M., Speechley, M., Petrella, R. J., & Chesworth, B. M. (2013). ActivityModifying Behaviour Mediates the Relationship between Pain Severity and Activity Limitations among Adults with
Emergent Knee Pain. Physiotherapy Canada, 65(1), 12-19.
80
OC34: Analysis of the shoulder complex muscle activity in the eccentric phase of a Neer protocol
exercise
Mariana Soares Pinto1, Rui Macedo2, Teresa Ruano3, Andreia S. P. Sousa2
1School
of Physiotherapy, Center of Human Movement and Human Activity, School of Allied Health Technologies,
3Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: The stability of the shoulder complex demands the contribution of scapular and glenohumeral
muscles. After rotator cuff surgical repair, the self-assisted forward elevation adapted from Neer protocol is
usually performed in the rehabilitation process. Once there is a lack of information that describes the muscle
activity during the descendent phase of the exercise, it is important to make this analysis and define the
most effective progression for the exercise.
Objectives: To analyse the muscle activity variation timings and level of activity in supine and semi-sit
position with short and long lever, during the descendent phase of the self-assisted forward elevation of the
Neer protocol.
Materials and Methods: Electromyographic (EMG) activity of serratus anterior (SA), infraspinatus (IE) and
biceps brachii (BB) muscles was acquired unilaterally while anterior deltoid (AD) and upper trapezius (UT)
EMG activity was acquired bilaterally in 25 subjects during the self-assisted forward elevation of the Neer
protocol, with long and short lever, and in supine and semi-sit positions. EMG signal was used to assess
the level of activity obtained in [120º-90º[, [90º-60º[, [60º-30º[ and < 30 of elevation, normalized to the
maximum voluntary isometric contraction, and the timings of muscle activity variation.
Results and Discussion: In the beginning of the descendent phase there was a feedforward response from
all muscles of the shoulder complex but there were no significant differences among their activity variation
timings between conditions. Statistical significant differences were found between levers in SA, IE and AD,
in the midrange where the long lever required higher activity levels. The comparison of the two positions
showed that, generally, higher levels of activity are achieved in the semi-sit position.
Conclusion: Although generally the descendent motion recruits minimal muscle activity levels (<20%), the
semi-sit position is more demanding, making the transition from supine to the semi-sit position the most
effective progression, in the first stages of rehabilitation.
References
1. Uhl, T. L., Muir, T. A., & Lawson, L. (2010). Electromyographical Assessment of Passive, Active Assistive, and
Active Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises. PM&R, 2(2), 132-141. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.01.002
2. Liotard, J. P. (2010). Rééducationd’uneépauledouloureuse : comment faire simple. Revue du Rhumatisme
Monographies, 77(3), 239-245. doi: 10.1016/j.monrhu.2010.04.007.
3. Gaunt, B. W., McCluskey, G. M., &Uhl, T. L. (2010). An electromyographic evaluation of subdividing active-assistive
shoulder elevation exercises. Sports Health, 2(5), 424-432. doi: D - NLM: PMC3445058 OTO - NOTNLM
81
OC35: Effects of a home-based exercise program in body composition and abdominal fat in patients
with coronary artery disease
Joana Pinto1, Andreia Noites2, Carla Freitas1,3, Cristina Melo2, Aníbal Albuquerque4, Madalena Teixeira4
1School
3Hôpital du Jura bernois SA, Saint-Imier, Switzerland
4Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle seems to be associated with aging and chronic conditions like coronary
artery disease. This risk factor is directly associated to increased weight and abdominal fat, and the correct
exercise prescription promotes lipolysis and the use of fatty acids, which reduces the metabolic
complications. The underutilization of the cardiac rehabilitation programmes in hospitals suggests the
implementing of the home-based exercise programmes.
Objectives: This study analyzed the effects of a home-based exercise programme in patients with
myocardial infarction for 1 year, in body composition and abdominal fat.
Materials and Methods: An ongoing randomized controlled trial with a sample of 20 participants were
randomly allocated to intervention (n=10) and control groups (n=10). Intervention group performed a specific
exercise program during 8 weeks, consisting of 10 home based exercises taking into account flexibility,
strength and cardiovascular endurance. Body mass index calculation and Computed Tomography (CT)
abdominal were performed. Skinfolds thicknesses used were suprailiac, abdominal horizontal and vertical.
Results and Discussion: After eight weeks the intervention group decreased significantly the suprailiac
skinfold (p<0.05), the abdominal horizontal and vertical skinfold (p<0.05) when compared with control
group. In the intervention group it was observed after 8 weeks a significant decrease in body mass index
and subcutaneous abdominal CT (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Home-based exercise program influenced body composition and especially abdominal fat.
These results show the importance of implementing home based exercises in cardiac rehabilitation
programs, in order to increase adherence to these programs and reduce metabolic complications in this
population.
References
1. ACSM. (2013). Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Health.
2. EACPR. (2010). Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical activity counselling and exercise
training: key components of the position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of
Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur Heart J, 31(16), 1967-1974.
82
OCS9: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE
Moderator: Marisa Freitas (ESTSP.IPP)
OC36: Auditory event-related potentials in autism with generalized epilepsy and family members:
case report
Susana Coutinho1, David Tomé1,2, Paula Lopes1, João Marques-Teixeira2
1Laboratory
of Audiology, Department of Audiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
2Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: last fifteen years revealed an exponential growth in endophenotype and biomarkers research
field in autism and epilepsy. The main goal seems to establish the relationship between neurobiological
processes underlying pathological mechanisms and clinical expression, to define better treatment strategies
but also accurate diagnosis. Comorbidity of autism with epilepsy occurs in 30% of cases. However, little is
known on the common neurophysiopathological mechanisms and possible biomarkers.
Objectives: very scarcely is known concerning auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) as possible
biomarkers of autism associated with epilepsy. Our aim is to explore putative neuropsychophysiological trait
markers in a case study of autism with generalized epilepsy, and its unaffected family members compared
to a control group.
Materials and Methods: N100 and N200 from the AERPs, were recorded to pure-tones and vocal stimuli in
a conventional auditory oddball paradigm in a teenager with autism and generalized epilepsy (15 years old),
his sister and mother with no disorder (with 13 and 42 years old, respectively), and in four gender and agematched controls (M = 21.0 years; SD = 5.03).
Results and Discussion: results revealed a reduced N100 and N200 with a slight early latency to rare
stimuli for the participant with autism and its family members in fronto-central electrodes (Fz and Fpz), large
effect size (r>0.6), compared to controls.
Conclusion: our case and closest relatives showed similar results of frontal N100 and N200. Future
empirical studies could confirm our findings, and reveal these components as putative electrophysiological
biomarkers candidates for autism with epilepsy.
References
1. Bomba, M. (2004). Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials In autism: a review. International Journal of
Psychophysiology, 53, 161-169.
2. Pereira, A., Pegoraro, L.L., & Cendes, F. (2012). Autism and epilepsy: models and mechanism. Journal of Epilepsy
and Clinical Neurophysiology, 18, 92-96.
3. Tuchman, R., & Rapin, I. (2002). Epilepsy in autism. Lancet Neurology, 1, 352-358.
83
OC37: People’s with aphasia QOL assessment by speech and language therapists in Portugal
Ricardo Gonçalves, Brígida Patrício
Introduction: People with aphasia have language and communication difficulties that negatively impact in
their quality of life.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate if quality of life (QOL) is assessed by Portuguese speech
and language therapists (SLT) when working with people with aphasia (PWA) and to determine which areas
of QOL are being taken into account in the assessment and intervention carried out by SLT in patients with
aphasia in Portugal.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted. The sample
composed by 54 Portuguese SLT and the instrument used to collect the data was a questionnaire created
for this purpose. The SLT recruited had taken the course of speech language therapy, work in Portugal and
made previous assessment/ intervention with PWA.
Results and Discussion: SLT consider important to measure the QOL of PWA, and assume to do so in
most cases using non-standardized/ personal instruments (74%). Most SLT are unaware of instruments
suitable for PWA that measure the QOL.
The vast majority of SLT (93%) recognizes the importance of awareness-raising/training courses on QOL
with PWA, so if may suggest that there are many questions about this subject and on the use of tools to
measure QOL.
They agree that there is a need for communicative adjustment according to the communicative
competences of the person with aphasia when using instruments with PWA (83%). They also agree that the
data collected on QOL and life domains provide important information for intervention.
Conclusion: SLTs consider the assessment of PWA’s QOL but do not know the instruments available to
assess this subject with PWA. Usually they use informal (non-standardized/personal) assessment
instruments to collect this data. It is important to reinforce the knowledge and training using QOL
assessments with PWA so that SLT gain competence on the subject and can better assess QOL in PWA
and systematically use it in intervention (Spreen, 2003; ASHA, 2007; Ribeiro, 2008).
References
1. Spreen, O.; Risser, A..Assessment of aphasia. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Scope of practice in speech-language pathology; 2007. [Acedido a
25 de Junho de 2013]. Disponível em: http://www.asha.org/docs/pdf/SP2007-00283.pdf
2. Ribeiro, C. Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes afásicos com protocolo específico SAQOL-39: São Paulo;
2008.
84
OC38: Impairment of retinal ganglion cells in Leber Optic Neuropathy carriers is linked to cortical
plasticity
Catarina Mateus1,2, Otília d’Almeida 1, Aldina Reis1, Miguel Castelo-Branco1
1Institute
2Pedro
for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine – University of Coimbra, Portugal
Hispano Hospital of Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Portugal
Introduction: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder,
which leads to silent visual loss due to retinal ganglion cells (RGC) degeneration1.
Objectives: To establish a link between features of retinal progressive impairment and cortical
reorganization in a cohort of 15 asymptomatic patients harboring the 11778G>A mutation (pre-clinical
phase).
Materials and Methods: We phenotyped pre-clinical degeneration from the psychophysical,
neurophysiological and structural points of view to understand whether retinal measures could be related to
cortical reorganization, using pattern electrophysiology (RCG function), chromatic contrast sensitivity, and
optical coherence tomography to measure macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. We then
performed correlation analysis of these measures with cortical reorganization as assessed by cortical
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thickness measures in retinotopically mapped (using functional MRI)
visual cortex.
Results and Discussion: We found that compensatory cortical plasticity occurring in V2 and V3 is
predicted by thickness of macular RGC axonal layer (V2, r=0.712 p=0.0075; V3, r=0.706 p=0.0083). This
was also the most discriminative measure between carriers and controls, as revealed by ROC curve
analysis (macular RNFL thickness, 83% sensitivity/ 80% specificity).
Conclusion: We conclude that cortical compensatory plasticity in visual areas V2 and V3 is triggered by
pathology in RCG axons.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant
SFRH/BD/64306/2009.
References
1. Carelli, V., Ross-Cisneros, F. N., Sadun, A. A. (2004). Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of optic neuropathies.
Prog Retin Eye Res, 23, 53-89.
85
OC39: HUMMR Acts as a “roadblock” for mitochondrial transport in Alzheimer’s disease
Sónia C. Correia1,2, Tiffany Pinho1,3, Xiongwei Zhu4, George Perry5, Paula I. Moreira1,6
1CNC
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
3School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
4Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
5Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
6Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
2Institute
Introduction: Alterations in axonal transport of mitochondria play a critical role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
neuropathology; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unexplored (Li et al., 2009).
Objectives: To unveil the role of the hypoxia up-regulated mitochondrial movement regulator [HUMMR - a
protein that favors the anterograde movement of mitochondria in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1 )dependent process (Li & Rempe, 2014)] on defective mitochondrial trafficking during the course of AD
pathology.
Materials and Methods: Using human post-mortem brain cortex and hippocampus from AD subjects and
rodent model and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to A 1-42, and respective controls, we evaluated HIF1 and HUMMR protein levels and mRNA by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively, and mitochondrial
function and dynamics by fluorimetry and confocal microscopy.
Results and Discussion: A progressive reduction in HIF-1 and HUMMR protein levels and mRNA was
observed with increasing AD Braak stage. Consistently, AD rodent model also presented a decrease in
HUMMR protein levels in the brain cortex. Notably, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with high levels of
A 1-42 exhibit a marked reduction in HUMMR protein levels, altered mitochondrial trafficking and distribution
and loss of synaptic integrity.
Conclusion: Loss of HUMMR during AD progression contributes to the mitochondrial traffic jam that
characterizes this disease. Furthermore, HUMMR may represent a feasible therapeutic target to minimize
mitochondrial trafficking deficits and axonal and synaptic degeneration associated to AD.
Acknowledgments: Sónia C. Correia has a post-doctoral fellowship from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
(SFRH/BPD/84163/2012). This work is supported by Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-13-282387).
References
1. Li, Y., Lim, S., Hoffman, D., Aspenstrom, P., Federoff, H. J., & Rempe, D. A. (2009). HUMMR, a hypoxia- and HIF-1inducible protein, alters mitochondrial distribution and transport. The Journal of Cell Biology, 185(6), 1065-1081. doi:
10.1083/jcb.200811033.
2. Li, Y., & Rempe, D. A. (2014). During hypoxia, HUMMR joins the mitochondrial dance. Cell Cycle, 9 (1), 50-57. doi:
10.4161/cc.9.1.10318.
86
OC40: Brain connectivity leap: multimodal interaction with the human connectome
Filipe Sobreira Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Hugo Alexandre Ferreira
Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Introduction: Visualizing the Brain in a comprehensive albeit intuitive manner remains a challenging feat.
This holds particularly true in the age of big data, wherein brain-related information is provided by sources
ranging from genetics and neuropsychology to electrophysiology and neuroimaging.
Objectives: Here, we present Brain Connectivity Leap (BCL), a Virtual Reality (VR) interface that features
multisensory integration, motion capture and electrophysiology in hopes of providing an innovative,
immersive and interactive means of exploring the human Connectome.
Materials and Methods: BCL is being developed in a Unity3D© environment, into which a 3D mesh of a
parcellated brain is imported alongside its demographic, imaging and connectivity data.
Subject-specific and atlas-concordant brain models, together with their associated connectivity matrices
were prepared with a consortium of software tools, such as Freesurfer©, Maya© and the Multimodal
Imaging Brain Connectivity Analysis (MIBCA) toolbox.
Navigation-wise, BCL makes use of an Oculus Rift© headset, onto which a Leap Motion© controller is
mounted. The designed interaction scheme includes: Library of Recognizable Gestures; Whole Brain
Translation, Rotation, Explosion & Implosion; Hand-specific ROI Selection, Translation & Rotation.
The experience can be enhanced through usage of a custom-made wearable haptic device, developed
using the Arduino© prototyping platform. Its tactile feedback relies on six vibration actuators, placed at the
fingertips and palm of the hand. Additionally, the glove incorporates a customized Bitalino© on its wrist, thus
enabling a non-intrusive acquisition of ECG, EDA and EMG tracings.
Results and Discussion: The integration of the aforementioned tools and methodologies allowed for a
qualitative analysis of Brain Connectivity data in a visceral yet simplified way.
Conclusion: We believe this deems BCL as potentially appellative to researchers, clinicians, educators and
enthusiasts alike.
Acknowledgments: Research supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and
Ministério da Ciência e Educação Portugal under grants UID/BIO/00645/2013 and PTDC/SAU-ENB/120718/2010.
87
OCS10: NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Moderator: Nuno Rocha (ESTSP.IPP)
OC41: Visual perception development in children born preterm
Ana Isabel Ferreira1, Filipa Ribeiro2; Rodrigo Sousa3, André Mendes Graça4
1Institute
of Health Sciences – Catholic University of Lisbon, Dona Estefânia Hospital – CHLC; Portugal
of Health Sciences – Catholic University of Lisbon, Portugal
3Departament of Paediatrics – Hospital de Santa Maria – Lisbon Academic Medical Center
4Neonatal Intensive Care Unit – Departament of Pediatrics – Hospital de Santa Maria – Lisbon Academic Medical
Center
2Institute
Introduction: Preterm birth has a potential adverse impact in child development. The risk of clinical and
developmental problems increases as gestational age decreases. Specific domains of impact as visualperception and visual-motor coordination deserve further research in preterm children.
Objectives: The main purpose of this investigation is compare the global performance in visual-motor
integration, visual perception and motor coordination in children born with 32 or less weeks of gestation with
that of children born in full term. Other goals were to assess the influence of birth weight and demographic
and clinical variables in the visual-motor domains of study: visual-motor coordination, visual perception and
motor coordination.
Materials and Methods: We studied a group of 40 ex-premature children born at 32 or less weeks
gestational age, assessed at the age of 60-72 months. Children with brain lesions or known developmental
delay were excluded. We also assessed a control group of 40 age-matched term-born healthy children
recruited in local schools. The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual motor integration was used do
assess visual-motor function. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results and Discussion: There were significant differences in the three visual-motor integration domains.
Visual perception was the area most vulnerable to prematurity in visual development with differences in all
the variables: global score, first item failed and last item completed. Our results are in agreement with the
visual motor and visual spacial deficits already found in other studies. They reinforce the idea that several of
the visual developmental areas are affected.
Conclusion: Visual development is different in ex-premature children, even in the absence of cerebral
lesions or developmental delays. We have shown those differences to be present at the school-entry age.
Longitudinal studies of visual and spatial perception from an earlier age could help better understand its
influence in visual-motor function.
References
1. Beery K., Beery N. ( 2010). The Beery – Buktenica developmental test of visual – motor integration. Pearson.
2. Groppo M., Ricci D., Bassi L., Merchant N., Doria V., Arichi T., Allsop J., Ramenghi L., Fox M., Cowan F., Counsell
S., Edwards A. Development of the optic radiation and visual function after premature birth. Cortex (2012) 1-8.
3. World health organization (2012). Boorn to soon – the global action report on preterm birth.
88
OC42: Early Postural Adjustments in gait Initiation in post-stroke subjects
Daniela Bento1, Andreia Sousa1,2, Rubim Santos1,2, Augusta Silva1,2
1Department
Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
2Center
Introduction: The success of gait initiation depends of the ability on the central nervous system (CNS) to
anticipate the perturbation related to the voluntary action through of postural adjustments: early postural
adjustments (EPAs) and the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs).
Objectives: To analyze: 1) the variation of muscular activity during the interval assigned to EPAs during gait
initiation in subjects without pathology and post-stroke; 2)the differences on activation timing between
groups; 3)the pattern of muscular activation observed in each group for the starting and the supporting
member.
Materials and Methods: 19 post-stroke subjects (GP) and 20 subjects without neurologic pathology (GC)
participated in the presented study. A force platform was used to define the initial moment (T0) through the
center of pressure (COP) displacement, and the surface electromyography was used to evaluate the
bilateral muscular activity of tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM).
Statistically, it was used a significance level of 0.05.
Results and Discussion: The EPAs were identified in GC about 401-564ms, while in GP were found
between 325-668ms prior to the gait initiation. There were no significant statistical differences between
timing of GC and GP. The pattern of muscle activation observed most frequently in both groups was TA
activation, followed of SOL activation.
Conclusion: Both groups presented EPAs during gait initiation with similar activation timings. Comparatively
to the pattern of muscular activation in APAs, it seems that can exist a different pattern of muscular
activation in EPAs, TA activation prior of SOL activation.
References
1. Klous, M., Mikulic, P., & Latash, M. L. (2012). Early postural adjustments in preparation to whole-body voluntary
sway. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(1), 110-116.
2. Krishnan, V., Latash, M. L., & Aruin, A. S. (2012). Early and late components of feed-forward postural adjustments to
predictable perturbations. Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(5), 1016-1026.
89
OC43: Shoulder muscle recruitment in subjects with previous episodes of pain
Andréa Cabral1, Andreia S. P. Sousa1,2, Rita Pinheiro1, Rui Macedo1,2
1Department
2Center
Introduction: The shoulder complex joint is an extremely mobile joint and its stability is guaranteed mainly
by the glenohumeral and scapular muscles. The recruitment patterns of these muscles play an important
role in the coordination of scapular motion during humeral elevation. Some studies report that the muscles
recruitment patterns are altered in the presence of pain.
Objectives: To analyze the muscle activation timings and the recruitment temporal sequence of the
shoulder complex muscles during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane, in subjects with and without
previous history of shoulder pain.
Materials and Methods: 23 subjects with history of shoulder pain in the last 12 months and 25
asymptomatic subjects in the last 2 years participated in the present study. The electromyographic activity of
serratus anterior, infraspinatus, middle deltoid, upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscles was acquired
during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane. The signal was used to assess the muscle activation timings
and muscle recruitment temporal sequences, in both groups. T-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to
statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.
Results and Discussion: Significant differences have been observed in the activation timings in the
serratus anterior (p=0.024), lower trapezius (p=0.004) and infraspinatus (p=0.017) muscles, reflecting an
activation delay of these muscles in subjects with shoulder pain episodes. High variability was observed in
the muscle recruitment temporal sequences in both groups.
Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that the presence of previous shoulder pain is related with a
delayed muscle activation of shoulder stabilizers.
References
1. Cools, A. M., Witvrouw, E. E., Declercq, G. A., Danneels, L. A., & Cambier, D. C. (2003). Scapular muscle
recruitment patterns: trapezius muscle latency with and without impingement symptons. American Journal of Sports
Medicine, 31(4), 542-549.
90
OC44: Can behavioural observations made during the SMART assessment detect the potential for
later emergence from Vegetative State?
Liliana da Conceição Teixeira1, Sophie Duport1, Helen Gill-Thwaites1, Frances Reynolds2
1Royal
Hospital for Neuro-disability, West Hill, London, UK
University
2Brunel
Introduction: The management of disorders of consciousness (DOC) such as vegetative state (VS) is a
major clinical challenge. Presently there are no validated prognostic markers for emergence from VS apart
from age, aetiology and time spent in VS.
Objectives: This study explores whether the behavioural observation component of the SMART
assessment can detect the potential for later emergence from VS.
Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients were selected for this retrospective study. They were all
originally assessed by the Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) and
diagnosed as being in VS. Clinical records showed that seven of these patients have since emerged from
VS (group1) and the other half remained in VS (group 2), each selected group being matched on key
variables such as age, traumatic/non-traumatic brain injury and gender. The number, type of behaviors (no
movement, reflexive, spontaneous and purposeful) and behaviors observed during the first five sessions
and the last five sessions of the ten session SMART assessment were compared between the two groups.
Results and Discussion: The results suggest that the patients who later emerged from VS exhibited a
significantly higher number of different behavior types than those who remained in VS (p=0.045).
Conclusion: Finding an accurate and early predictor of prognosis for emergence from VS is of major
importance for rehabilitation and would assist in optimizing the treatment and cost effective management of
this patient population in the future. This study is limited by its small sample but with caution the findings
suggest that the patients who later emerge from VS can be differentiated behaviorally from those who
remain in VS in the early stages after a brain injury.
91
OC45: Psychobiological approach to pathological and problematic gambling: A systematic literature
review
Artemisa R Dores1,2, Fernando Barbosa2
1Technical-scientific
Area of Human and Social Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
2Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The recent expansion of gambling opportunities has turned gambling into a more problematic
matter. This reality has been described in an increasing number of publications. However, studies involving
psychobiological variables are still scarce, being required a synthesis of the actual trends.
Objectives: The objective of this review is to explore the diversity around pathological or problematic
gambling and gambling disorder, in order to provide an integrative overview that might systematize the
current knowledge in this area, pointing trends and future directions to research and practice.
Materials and Methods: The literature review was conducted on b-on databases and involved studies
published in the last twenty years. The authors also carried out complementary manual researches of
selected journals and reference lists of related studies. The analysis was conducted in NVivo10. More than
400 abstracts were analyzed. The encoder applied an inductive analysis to all relevant papers, building a
hierarchical model with the main themes and subcategories that stood out from the literature. A confirmatory
analysis was then performed, with the encoder applying the model to the papers. The process was validated
by a second expert researcher.
Results and Discussion: This review identified the fragmented state of the field. The outcomes include
categories such as terminology, historical development, etiology, prevalence, comorbidity, assessment,
treatment, biological markers, biological variables, health and well-being. Based on some research gaps
identified, this work offers recommendations to future studies focusing on research methods, and especially
to studies considering biological variables that remain under-explored.
Conclusion: Given the limited research in the field, additional research is needed in order to improve
knowledge.
References
1. Meyer, C., Bischof, A., Westram, A., Jeske, C., de Brito, S., Glorius, S. … Rumpf, H. J. (2015). The "Pathological
Gambling and Epidemiology" (PAGE) study program: design and fieldwork. International Journal Methods Psychiatric
Research, 24(1), 11-31.
92
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – POSTER PRESENTATIONS
93
PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
94
P1: Effects of one session of physical exercise associated to abdominal microcurrent in the global
lipolytic rate
Rui Vilarinho1, Andreia Noites1, Miriam Couto1, Pedro Monteiro2, Cristina Melo1, Manuela Amorim3 e
Anabela Moreira3
1Department
of Functional Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3Department of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: During aerobic exercise lipid sources are global. Since the decrease of central obesity has
more health gains, it's important to promote an increase in lipolysis from the abdominal region.
Objectives: Analyze the effect of one session of aerobic exercise associated to microcurrent in the
adipose tissue of abdominal region in the global lipolytic rate through the values of glycerol in plasma.
Materials and Methods: 34 participants were distributed randomly by both groups, placebo group (9 men
and 8 women) and experimental group (9 men and 8 women). Blood samples were drawn in the beginning
and after the intervention for the determination of values of glycerol. Both groups were subject to the two
protocols of the intervention, the microcurrent with two frequencies (25 e 10Hz), 20 minutes each, and the
aerobic exercise at 50% of heart rate reserve. Though, in the placebo group the microcurrent was made
without intensity.
Results and Discussion: Significant increases in the levels of glycerol at the end of exercise were
observed, either in the placebo group (p=0.003), or in the experimental group (p=0.001). There were no
significant differences in the values of variable difference of glycerol between groups, as well as in women
and men (p>0.005). Only one session of microcurrent may explain the differences between our results and
other studies with long-lasting interventions.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that one session of aerobic exercise associated to
microcurrent seems to be insufficient to influence the global lipolytic rate in individuals of both sexes.
References
1. De Glisezinski, I., Larrouy, D., Bajzova, M., Koppo, K., Polak, J., Berlan, M., . . . Stich, V. (2009). Adrenaline but
not noradrenaline is a determinant of exercise-induced lipid mobilization in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. J
Physiol, 587(Pt 13), 3393-3404. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.168906
2. Dodt, C., Lonnroth, P., Fehm, H. L., & Elam, M. (1999). Intraneural stimulation elicits an increase in subcutaneous
interstitial glycerol levels in humans. J Physiol, 521 Pt 2, 545-552
3. Ramirez-Ponce, M. P., Mateos, J. C., & Bellido, J. A. (2003). Human adipose cells have voltage-dependent
potassium currents. J Membr Biol, 196(2), 129-134. doi: 10.1007/s00232-003-0631-1
95
P2: Influence of an education session about respiratory infections in children’s health and quality
of life
Carolina Fiúza1, Ana Silva Alexandrino2, Rita Santos2
1School
of Allied Health Technologies of Porto (ESTSP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), Portugal
of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Technologies of Porto (ESTSP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto
(IPP), Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are the major cause of infant morbidity and mortality.
They may decrease children’s Quality of Life (QoL). Therefore, Health Education Programs are needed
particularly during teachable moments such as pregnancy, in order to promote correct behaviors towards
ARI prevention.
Objectives: To evaluate the influence of an education session about respiratory infections in health
indicators of children under one year old and on the mother´s perception of their children’s QoL.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample of 24 volunteer mothers: 12 attended
an educational session about respiratory infections during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (GS) and 12
didn’t attend the session (GNS). Monthly after birth, the respiratory health status of the child was
monitored with a Diary of Records and the mother´s perception of their children’s QoL was understood
according to Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Infant Scales.
Results and Discussion: The QoL was higher in the GS compared with the GNS (Total score p=0,028;
Physical Health sub-score p=0.014). The frequency of respiratory infections (p=0.037), the use of health
services (p=0.041) and medication were lower in GS compared with the GNS.
Conclusion: The education session about respiratory infections had a positive influence in health
indicators on children up to one year old, as well as in the mother´s perception of their children’s QoL.
References
1. Francis, N. A., Butler, C. C., Hood, K., Simpson, S., Wood, F., & Nuttall, J. (2009). Effect of using an interactive
booklet about childhood respiratory tract infections in primary care consultations on reconsulting and antibiotic
prescribing: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 339.
1. Moore, H. C., de Klerk, N., Richmond, P., & Lehmann, D. (2010). A retrospective population-based cohort study
identifying target areas for prevention of acute lower respiratory infections in children. BMC Public Health, 10, 757.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-757
96
P3: Assessment of radiation protection practices among Bachelor’s Radiology students of ESTSPIPP
Mariana Sousa1, Sandra Rua Ventura2
1School
of Radiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: With the increasing use of ionizing radiation as a diagnostic tool in addition to the medical
advances in the field of interventional radiology, a greater exposure by workers and students is
expectable. For this reason, a greater focus should be given to the radiological protection measures used,
in particularly for the students of Radiology Course, as well as a closer monitoring of radiation exposure.
Objective: The main goal of our project was to investigate and characterize which are the radiation safety
and protection practices adopted by the students during their practical internships at hospitals.
Materials and Methods: To assess radiation safety and protection practices an online survey was applied
to the 35 students at 4th year of Radiology Bachelor's Course. This questionnaire is composed by two
general questions and thirteen multiple-choice questions concerning the radiation nature and the
thermoluminescent dosimeters basic principles.
Results and Discussion: In general, the students have given reliable and satisfactory answers. Our
study showed that all the students know that the dosimeter is a personal and not transferable device. In
relation with the radiation protection measures, all the students use the lead waistcoat when required, 80%
use thyroid shields and 86% are aware about distance factor, i.e. keep away from the radiation source
during interventional radiology and surgery procedures.
Conclusion: Through the analysis of the online questionnaires it was possible to conclude that 4th year
students recognize the relevance of the radioprotection measures and also knowledge about the
appropriate safety measures that should be adopted during their clinical internships.
References
1. Eze CU, Abonyi LC, Njoku J, Irurhe NK & Olowu O. (2013). Assessment of radiation protection practices among
radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 386–391.
2. Günalp, M., Gülünay, B., Polat, O., Demirkan, A., Gürler, S., Akka , M., & Aksu, N. M. (2014). Ionising radiation
awareness among resident doctors, interns, and radiographers in a university hospital emergency department. La
Radiologia Medica, 119(6), 440–447.
3. Ventura, S. R. (2013). Técnicas e Procedimentos em Radiologia Convencional. (Lidel, Ed.) (1a Edição.). Lisboa.
97
P4: Sleep quality in nursing students
Maria Ribeiro1,3, Ana Certo2, Ana Louçano2, Sara Alves2
1Department
3Centre of Transdisciplinary Development Studies supported by national funds provided by the FCT – the
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, through its project UID/SOC/04011/2013
2School
Introduction: The quality of sleep is imperative to maintain the physical and psychological well-being of
human beings. University life is an inevitable change factor of habits and lifestyles with particular influence
on students’ sleep quality.
Objectives: To evaluate sleep quality in nursing students from Bragança School of Health. To find out the
time each student takes to fall asleep; To calculate students’ hours of sleep.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 138 students was collected from a total of 361 students enrolled in
the nursing degree in 2014/2015. The Quality Index Pittsburgh Sleep survey was used to collect the data
during October 2014 to January 2015. This instrument has a maximum score of 21 points. For a score
greater than five points, the quality of sleep was considered bad. Most students were female (82.6%) with
ages between 18 and 20 years (62.3%) and didn’t live with their parents (66.0%).
Results and Discussion: Most respondents classify his/her sleep quality as "good". On average,
students sleep 6.7 hours per night. According to referenced literature, healthy adults should sleep between
7 to 9 hours per night. On average, students take about 20 minutes to fall asleep. According Pascotto e
Santos (2013) the majority college students take about 15 minutes to fall asleep.
Conclusion: Sleep problems are common among university students, since they are exposed to changes
in their lifestyle, adopting behaviors that affect sleep quality. However, according to the results, most
students consider their sleep quality as good.
References
1. Kloss, J.; Nash, C.; Horsey, S. & Taylor, D. (2011). The delivery of behavioral sleep medicine to college students.
J Adolesc Health, 48(6):553-61.
2. Pascotto, A. & Santos, B. (2013). Avaliação da qualidade do sono em estudantes de ciências da saúde. J. Health
Sci Inst, 31(3):306-10.
98
P5: Microbiological quality control of minced beef and pork
Sílvia Alves1, Anabela Moreira2, Stéphanie Ferreira2, Teresa Moreira2, Sandra Mota2, António Araújo2,3,
Manuela Amorim2
of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied
Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3Biogerm SA, Maia, Portugal
1
2Department
Introduction: Food-borne infections are responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity.
Objectives: To evaluate and compare the results of microbiological analysis of minced beef and pork.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 191 records of microbiological quality
control of minced beef (n=134) and minced pork (n=24) samples at the end of manufacturing process,
performed during 2014, according to the EC Regulation No. 1441/2007 on microbiological criteria for
foodstuffs. Data included process hygiene criteria: aerobic colony count at 30 ° C (satisfactory if ≤5 ×105
CFU/, acceptable if ≤5 ×105 -5×106 CFU/g, unsatisfactory if>5×106 CFU/g), Escherichia coli count
(satisfactory if ≤50 CFU/g, acceptable if 50-500 CFU/g, unsatisfactory if>500 CFU/g); and food safety
criteria: Salmonella spp. detection (satisfactory if absent in 10 g). Descriptive statistical analysis (absolute
and relative frequencies) was performed to analyze unsatisfactory and satisfactory records.
Results and Discussion: Regarding aerobic colony count at 30 ° C, 66.4% of minced beef samples and
56.1% of minced pork samples presented unsatisfactory results. Minced beef presented a higher number
of unsatisfactory results in aerobic colony count, which may be due to the methods of meat processing,
since the skin of slaughter cattle (beef) is removed immediately while the skin of pigs is first scalded and
then removed, reducing the microorganisms’ transfer. In Salmonella spp. detection, one (0.75%) sample
of beef and one (4.17%) sample of pork were unsatisfactory.
Escherichia coli count showed
unsatisfactory results in 3.7% and 5.3% of beef and pork minced meat, respectively. All other
microbiological criteria were satisfactory.
Conclusion: Together, these results show a good microbiological quality, indicating compliance with the
hygiene and sanitary recommendations. This microbiological quality control allows improvements in
slaughter hygiene and process control.
References
1. Andritsos, N. D., Mataragas, M., Mavrou, et al (2012). The microbiological condition of minced pork prepared at
retail stores in Athens, Greece. Meat Science, 91(4), 486–9.
2. Stoops, J., Ruyters, S., Busschaert, P., Spaepen, R., Verreth, C., Claes, J., … Van Campenhout, L. (2015). 3.
Bacterial community dynamics during cold storage of minced meat packaged under modified atmosphere and
supplemented with different preservatives. Food Microbiology, 48, 192–9.
3. Commission of the European Communities. (2007). Commission regulation (EC) No 1441/2007 of 5 December
2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the
European Union.
99
P6: Microbiological characterization on the smoked meat products
Rita Relvas1, Stéphanie Ferreira2, Anabela Moreira2, Teresa Moreira2, Sandra Mota2, António Araújo2,3,
Manuela Amorim2
of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied
3Biogerm SA, Maia, Portugal
1
2Department
Introduction: Portugal is a country characterized by production of a variety of sausage products. Many of
these are subjected to conservation processes, including smoking to promote textures, flavors and
bacterial inhibition.
Objectives: To microbiologically characterize whole and sliced smoked meat products, analyzed during
2014 at Biogerm Laboratory.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 46 records of microbiological quality
control of whole (n=22) and sliced (n=24) smoked meat products, performed during 2014. Data included
aerobic colony count at 30°C (satisfactory if ≤105 CFU/g, unsatisfactory if>105 CFU/g), coagulase-positive
staphylococci, Clostridium perfringens and sulphite-reducing clostridia spores (satisfactory if ≤102 CFU/g,
unsatisfactory if >102 CFU/g), Escherichia coli count (satisfactory if ≤10 CFU/g, unsatisfactory if>10
CFU/g), and Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes detection (satisfactory if absent in 25g) at the
end of manufacturing process. Microbiological quality for smoked meat products it is not regulated, thus
criteria was defined by the Laboratory, except for Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes which are
according with EC Regulation No. 1441/2007. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze unsatisfactory
and satisfactory records.
Results and Discussion: The results for the pathogenic microorganisms, i.e. coagulase-positive
staphylococci, Clostridium perfringens, sulphite-reducing clostridia spores, Escherichia coli, Salmonella
spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were all satisfactory, both regarding sliced and whole smoked meat
products. We registered three (6.5%) non-satisfactory records regarding aerobic colony count at 30°C.
Sliced smoked meat products had a higher frequency of non-satisfactory results (8.3% and 4.5%,
respectively), possibly because they are subject to greater manipulation and contamination.
Conclusion: The microbiological contamination of smoked meat products is reduced, yet valuable. These
results are important for risk assessment, stressing the importance of close monitoring of the smoking
stages and processing of meat products. Together, these results indicate compliance with hygiene and
sanitary recommendations during manufacturing process.
References
1. Zweifel, C., Fischer, R., & Stephan, R. (2008). Microbiological contamination of pig and cattle carcasses in
different small-scale Swiss abattoirs. Meat Science, 78(3), 225–31. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.06.025
2. Commission of the European Communities. (2007). Commission regulation (EC) No 1441/2007 of 5 December
2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the
European Union.
100
P7: Noise exposure in cycling activity: a preliminary study
Sérgio Ferreira, Aida Sousa1, Matilde Rodrigues2
1Department
of Audiology, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Technologies
2Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health
Technologies of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
Introduction: Urban noise is nowadays a major problem in society, reaching values likely to cause health
disorders. Considering that cyclists may be exposed to urban noise as well as to other noisy activities (e.g.
personal listening devices), and that previous studies addressing this subject are scarce, this issue
becomes important.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the cyclists’ perceptions about the noise levels that they can be
exposed, as well as to characterize the sound pressure levels in the course of their activity.
Materials and Methods: A self-report questionnaire was developed and applied to 164 cyclists to analyze
their perception about the noise levels that they can be exposed, as well as their hearing effects.
Measurements of sound pressure levels were taken three times in three distinct areas: predominantly
urban, moderately urban and predominantly rural areas.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that cycling is mostly used to practice sports (54.9%). Most of
respondents reported that usually they run more than 5km per week (89%), mostly on the road (75.6%)
and in the morning out of rush hour (35.4%). Although 51.8% of respondents feel the presence of
uncomfortable noise during cycling, 55.5% did not feel any change after cycling. Younger cyclists tend to
listen more music during cycling practice. The values of the noise measurements varied from 69.9 to 79.3
dB(A).
Conclusion: This study showed that cycling practice can be harmful to cyclists’ health, not only due to the
noise levels to which they can be exposed, but also because they generally use personal listening
devices. Considering that most of the cyclists perform this activity for leisure, and that they can be also
exposed to dangerous occupational noise levels in the course of their professional activities, increasing
the risk of noise induced hearing loss, it’s important that they are aware of hearing protection.
References
1. Boogaard, H., Borgman, F., Kamminga, J., & Hoek, G. (2009). Exposure to ultrafine and fine particles and noise
during cycling and driving in 11 Dutch cities. Atmospheric Environment, 43(27), 4234–4242.
2. Cat-Ears. (2014). Wind Noise. Retrieved September 16, 2014, from http://www.cat-ears.com/WindNoise.html
101
P8: Occupational exposure to nanoparticles: a case study in a ceramic industry
Ana Fernandes, Joana Santos & Carlos Carvalhais
Scientific Area of Environmental Health and Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health
Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Occupational exposure to nanoparticles is considered as an emerging risk, with tendency to
increase. Nanoparticles can reach the human body through several ways, causing damage on workers’
health.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the occupational exposure to nanoparticles in a ceramic industry,
through the Control Banding NanoTool-2.0 method.
Materials and Methods: This study was developed in a ceramic industry located in the north region of
Portugal. A walkthrough inspection was completed to gather information related to building characteristics
and characteristics of the workstations. Two sections were selected and analyzed, namely “pastes” and
“presses” sections. It was applied a qualitative method, the Control Banding NanoTool-2.0, in both sectors.
Additionally, quantitative assessment of total and respirable dust was performed according NIOSH-0500
and NIOSH-0600 methods, respectively.
Results and Discussion: The results of the application of qualitative method were RL1 for the sectors
under analysis, which corresponds to the lowest risk level. For this level of risk, the method suggests
improvements on general ventilation for both sectors. Regarding the quantitative assessment, in the
“pastes” section, a concentration of 24.7mg/m3 for total dust and 1.2mg/m3 for respirable fraction, were
found. In the “presses” section, 1.3mg/m3 and 0.2mg/m3 for total and respirable dust were found. The
threshold limit value (10mg/m3) was exceeded for total dust, in the “pastes” section. The results may
indicate that workstations are more affected by particles of larger diameter.
Conclusion: This study enhances the need to improve general ventilation mainly in “pastes” section and
other preventive measures should be considered. More research is needed, since information about the
risk of nanoparticles exposure for health is still very limited.
References
1. Paik, S., Zalk, D. & Swuste, P. (2008). Application of a Pilot Control Banding Tool for Risk Level Assessment and
Control of Nanoparticle Exposures. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 52(6),419-428.
102
P9: Relation between occupational exposure to noise and work stress: an exploratory study in
industrial environment
Beatriz Barros, Joana Santos & Carlos Carvalhais
Scientific Area of Environmental Health and Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health
Introduction: Evidence indicates that exposure to excessive noise can affect auditory and non-auditory
aspects of health. Research in industrial workplaces was more focused on the relation between
occupational noise and auditory effects, and few relate noise exposure and non-auditory symptoms
among workers. The set symptoms are referred to as occupational stress, having a direct impact on
productivity and safety behaviors.
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to assess the effect of noise exposure on occupational
stress.
Materials and Methods: The measurements were performed in two aluminium industries (A and B) and
one textile industry (C) located in Portugal. Noise measurements were performed using a sound level
meter (Brüel&Kjaer, model 2260). The equipment was verified with an acoustic calibrator (Brüel&Kjaer,
model 4231) according to ISO 9612:2009. Occupational stress was assessed through a questionnaire
developed for this purpose. Statistical analysis was performed using the software IBM-SPSS™ 20th
version. All tests considered a 95% confidence interval.
Results and Discussion: A total of 57 workers participated in the study. General results indicated that
LEX,8h levels were often excessive, mainly in industries A and B, ranging from 77.2±1.1 dB(A) to 91.5±1.2
dB(A), exceeding national exposure limit (87 dB(A)). Lp,Cpeak values never exceeded the limits (ranged
between 101.5 to 124.4 dB(C)). No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between age, sex and
stress. Although, it was verified that there were workers in company C that felt stress due to noise
exposure. The results of stress obtained in companies A and B (which noise levels were higher) were not
significant.
Conclusion: This study reinforces the need to perform more research in this field to understand the
influence of environmental and personal factors on occupational stress.
References
1. Stansfeld, S. & Matheson, M. (2003). Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health. British Medical Bulletin,
68(1), 243–257
103
P10: Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on gastric cancer: systematic review
Joana Zenha1, Ana Isabel Oliveira2,3, Cláudia Pinho2,3
1PHARMACONTINENTE-SAÚDE
E HIGIENE, S.A., Senhora da Hora, Portugal
of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
3CITAB - Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
2Center
Introduction: The use of Complementary and/or Alternative Medicines has increased significantly in
recent years. Its availability allows the use of these medicines for prevention and/or relief of many
diseases, including cancer. Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death at global level, thus
prevention strategies are a major concern. The high consumption of vegetables and fruits can reduce the
risk of gastric cancer. However, the diet as a risk factor for this cancer continuous to be a controversial
issue.
Objectives: This systematic review aims to analyze the relationship between the consumption of fruits
and vegetables and the prevention of gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods: It was performed a computerized search of epidemiologic studies that
investigated the relationship between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and gastric cancer risk,
published between 2008 and 2013, in Pubmed database. A total of 11 case-control studies and one cohort
study fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
Results and Discussion: Our results showed that fruits and vegetables (especially raw) have a beneficial
role on the risk of gastric cancer, presenting the studies odds ratio values lower than one. These effects
may be due to their high content of several antioxidants and vitamins, such as carotenoids, polyphenols,
and vitamin C. Vegetables also contain levels of glucosinolatos with high anticarcinogenic properties.
Garlic and citrus fruits showed the higher protective effects. The majority of patients with gastric cancer
are men; however, they showed best results in the reducing of gastric cancer risk with the intake of fruits
and vegetables. Considering the cancer location and histological type, results are inconclusive.
Conclusion: We observed inverse associations between some specific vegetables and fruits and gastric
cancer risk; however more prospective studies are needed to determine the best daily consumption and
the exact mechanisms associated to the protective effects.
References
1. Lunet, N., Valbuena, C., Vieira, A. L., Lopes, C., Lopes, C., David, L., Carneiro, F. & Barros, H. 2007. Fruit and
vegetable consumption and gastric cancer by location and histological type: case-control and meta-analysis.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16, 312-327.
104
P11: How does sleep deprivation, due to night work, affects health care professionals’ quality of
life
André Jesus1, Monica Freitas2, Francisca Gonçalves1
1School
of Neurophysiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Sleep deprivation in health care professionals, as a result of night shifts, is a very popular
subject nowadays due to resulting consequences on their quality of life, both on a personal and social
level. Lack of organization of night shifts working schedules with no consideration for personal needs
represent a physical and mental risk for healthcare professionals and for patients who benefit from the
health care service (Niu, S., et al., 2011).
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to establish the implications of night shifts in health care
professionals’ quality of life and to determine the personal and social impact on their lives, through the
review of life quality surveys.
Materials and Methods: Life quality (SF-36v2 surveys) and sleepiness (the ESS) were evaluated on 18
night and day shift workers and 19 day shift workers. Additionally, we used a personal information survey
for demographic data. The study took place in Centro Hospitalar do Porto- Hospital Geral de Santo
António.
Results and Discussion: Night shifts have a negative influence in health care professionals’ quality of
life, specifically body pain, general health, vitality, emotions and mental health. Significant differences
were found on ESS between night and day shift workers and day shift workers. Additionally, we found a
direct relationship between night shift’s working hours and daytime sleepiness.
Conclusion: Health care professionals who work night shifts and, therefore, more work hours tend to
have limitations on their personal life and day-time activities, as well as consequences in both mental and
physical health. Night shift workers tend to have more episodes of daytime sleepiness, which has
repercussions on social activities and within the familial relationships.
References:
1. Niu, S., Chung, M., Chen, C., Hegney, D., O’Brien, A., Chou, K., (2011). The Effect of Shift Rotation on Employee
Cortisol Profile, Sleep Quality, Fadigue, and Attention Level: A Systematic Review. Journal of Nurs Res, 19, 68-80.
105
P12: Toxicity of pentachlorophenol on the reproductive cycle of Eisenia fetida
Ana Oliveira1,2, Piedade Barros 2, Mafalda Nunes1,2
1Department
of Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Centre of Health and Environmental Research. School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal.
2CISA-
Introduction: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the environment can largely be attributed to contamination of
sediments from historic usage, since nowadays the use of PCP is restricted. The soil accommodates a
huge amount of organisms and is a very important resource because it is the basis for farming, which
allows obtaining food. The organisms present in the soil are part of the basic trophic levels in the food
chain and maintain the soil fertile. A very important organism for soil fertility is the earthworm because it’s
responsible for the improvement of the soil structure, decomposition of organic matter, mineralization of
nutrients and its diffusion to the plants. The earthworm Eisenia fetida is used on toxicity tests because of
its susceptibility to chemicals and its short life cycle.
Objectives: Evaluate the effect of different concentrations of PCP in Eisenia fetida reproductive cycle.
Materials and Methods: The method used was based on a guideline of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the testing of Chemicals – Earthworms Reproduction (Eisenia
fetida/Eisenia andrei). The adult worms were exposed to contaminated soil (4.5, 6.7, 10, 15 mg PCP/kg
dry soil) for 3 weeks, removed and weighed after that period of time, leaving on the soil the cocoons for
more 3 weeks. At the end of that period, the juvenile worms and the cocoons were removed and counted.
Results and Discussion: Statistically, there was no significant differences between the control and
concentrations but cocoon production and their hatchability was affected by the presence of PCP,
decreasing the number of cocoons and juvenile worms as the concentrations of PCP increased.
Conclusion: PCP does not significantly interfere with the reproductive cycle of E. fetida, although it
slightly reduces the number of cocoons and juvenile worms produced. These results should be considered
in ecotoxicity studies regarding environmental limits definition.
References:
1. OECD. (2004). OECD Guideline for the testing of Chemicals – Earthworms Reproduction (Eisenia fetida / Eisenia
andrei).
106
P13: Determination of Azadirachtin in Neem oil from different origins by HPLC-DAD
Sara Fernandes1,2, Luísa Barreiros1,3, Rita Ferraz Oliveira1,4,5,6, Cristina Prudêncio2,7, Mónica Vieira2, Nuno
Santos6, Joaquim Morgado5,6, Agostinho Cruz1
1Center
2 Department of Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, Research Centre on Health and Environment-CISA, School
3REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
4Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
5M&M Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal.
6M&M - GluckNeem Develop Team, Porto, Portugal.
7I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal.
Introduction: Neem (Azadirachta indica) is an Indian tree recognized for its activity as pesticide, as well
as several pharmacological properties. Among the compounds isolated from Neem, Azadirachtin (AZA)
was identified as the main bioactive compound. AZA assumes its maximum concentration at seeds,
portion which is used as the primary source to obtain the Neem oil.
Objectives: Quantification of AZA in Neem oil samples from different origins by HPLC-DAD.
Materials and Methods: The determination of AZA was performed by liquid chromatography with diode
array detection (HPLC-DAD). Separation was achieved using a RP-18 column and a mobile phase
containing MeOH:acetonitrile:H2O (35:15:50), at a flow rate of 1 mL min–1. AZA was monitored at 215 nm.
Oil samples were analysed after extraction with acetonitrile.
Results and Discussion: The content of AZA-A, B and A+B in the oil samples ranged from 58.53 to
843.42, 12.52 to 800.23 and 104.20 to 1642.17 mg kg-1, respectively. These results were below the values
reported in literature. The content of AZA was not similar in all samples, being conditioned by the seeds
quality and the extraction process. Furthermore, it was possible to infer that two of the samples (one from
India and one from Brazil) had inferior quality, given their reduced AZA content, whereas a second sample
from India had extremely satisfactory AZA values and thus was considered as a good quality oil.
Conclusion: The analysed Neem oil samples contained AZA in low quantities, with exception of one of
the samples obtained from India. Although these results present a great contribution, further studies are
necessary to better understand the analysed products.
References
1. Ramesh, A. & Balasubramanian, M. (1999). Rapid preconcentration method for the determination of azadirachtinA and -B, nimbin and salannin in neem oil samples by using graphitised carbon solid phase extraction. Analyst, 124,
19-21.
107
P14: Ecotoxicological evaluation of Pentachlorophenol in Avena sativa L. e Glycine max L.
Ana Pina, Mafalda Nunes, Piedade Barros
CISA- Centre of Health and Environmental Research. School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal.
Introduction: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is the largest chlorinated compound from chlorophenols family
and it is included in the list of priority pollutants from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the European Union, due to its persistence and high toxicity. It was used mainly as a wood preservative; in
fungicidal and insecticidal solutions and for incorporation into other pesticide products.
Objectives: In this work we evaluated the effects of PCP, in seed germination, root length, apex length
and biomass increment in Avena sativa L. (oat) and Glycine max L. (soybean).
Materials and Methods: Pentachlorophenol solutions were prepared with five concentrations between
0.001 and 10 mg/L and five replicates per concentration. After a previous hydration, seed germination was
quantified at 48h for soybean and 120h for oat, in Petri dishes, kept in the dark at 25ºC. Germinated seeds
were then transferred to hydroponic culture with PCP solutions, in the same concentrations, to study their
growth until day 12 for soybean and day 9 for oat. Growth inhibition was assessed with root and apex
length and biomass increment.
Results and Discussion: Seed germination, of both species, was not inhibited. Root growth inhibition
occurred at 1 mg/l and more sharply at 10mg/L. Apex height was lower than the control only at 10 mg/L.
Biomass increment was lower for oat than for soybean. At lower concentrations root growth, biomass and
apex height were stimulated.
Conclusion: Root growth was the most sensitive parameter. The two species do not respond similarly to
PCP. The response is both concentration and species dependent. The differences of sensitivity to PCP,
between plant species, should be considered in ecotoxicity studies regarding environmental
extrapolations.
References
1. Martí, E., Sierra, J., Sánchez, M., Cruañas, R., & Garau, M. A. (2007). Ecotoxicological tests assessment of soils
polluted by chromium (VI) or pentachlorophenol. Science of the Total Environment, 378(1), 53-57.
108
P15: Biological activity of ionic liquids based on bis-pyridinium in Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria
Joana Ferreira1 Ricardo Ferraz1,2, Mónica Vieira1, Rúben Fernandes1,3, Luís C. Branco4, João Paulo
Noronha4, eljko Petrovski4, Cristina Prudêncio1,3
1Department
3I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal,
4Department of Chemistry, REQUIMTE-CQFB, FCT-UNova, Lisboa, Portugal
Introduction: Resistance to antibiotics is becoming a public health problem and is the subject of concern
from various global entities. In this context, finding new alternatives to combat microbial infections is
critical. Ionic liquids (ILs) come up as a resource to be used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in
the synthesis of new antibiotics. The ILs have shown the ability to improve the characteristics of active
pharmaceutical ingredients. However this is not the only the relevance of these compounds, antimicrobial
properties also have been described. The bis-pyridinium ILs are now being studied as antimicrobial agents
in the present study.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the activity of bis-pyridinium salts as antimicrobial
agents.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate biological activity of the compounds the Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration by microdilution method and the growth rates values were determined according to the
methodology of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results and Discussion: We studied 12 ILs against 9 different bacterial strains, some of them are
resistant to antibiotics. Two IL showed biological activity against all studied bacteria, including
Staphylococcus aureus. Six of seven remaining compounds demonstrated biological activity against most
studied bacteria. Only one compound showed activity against a single bacteria.
Conclusion: The bis-pyridinium ILs have biological activity against gram positive and gram negative
bacteria including resistant bacteria. So these compounds must be take into account in the search for new
antibacterial molecules. This bis-pyridinium ILs could be an alternative to the classic antibiotics.
References
1. Ferraz, R., Teixeira, V., Rodrigues, D., Fernandes, R., Prudêncio, C., Noronha, J. P., Branco, L. C. (2014).
Antibacterial activity of Ionic Liquids based on ampicillin against resistant bacteria. RSC Advances, 4(9), 4301-4307.
2. Smiglak, M., Pringle, J., Lu, X., Han, L., … Rogers, R. (2014). Ionic liquids for energy, materials, and medicine.
Chemical Communications, 50(66), 9228-9250.
109
P16: Bioactivity of ionic liquids based on valproate in the human osteoclastogenesis
Joana Correia1,2 Ricardo Ferraz1,3, João Costa-Rodrigues2, Maria Helena Fernandes,2, Luís C. Branco4,
João Paulo Noronha4, eljko Petrovski4, Cristina Prudêncio1,5
1Department
2Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
5I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Ionic Liquids (ILs) are salts (with at least one organic cation), that have a melting point lower
than 100º C. The interest in these compounds has been increasing as well as the number of applications
where they can be used. Their first applications were on batteries and in organic synthesis and soon they
started to be applied on health sciences.
Objectives: With this work we intend to study the biological properties of ILs based on valproate, and
evaluate their modulation potential on human osteoclastogenesis.
Materials and Methods: Osteoclastic cell cultures were established from precursor cells isolated from
human peripheral blood, and were maintained in the absence (control) or in the presence of 10-8-10-4 M of
different ILs based on valproate. Cell cultures were characterized throughout a 21-day period for tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells, presence of cells with
actin rings and expressing vitronectin and calcitonin receptors, and apoptosis. Also, the involvement of
several signaling pathways on the cellular response was addressed.
Results and Discussion: All the tested drugs were able to affect osteoclastic cell development, although
with different profiles on their osteoclastogenic modulation properties. Furthermore, the signaling
pathways involved in the process also seemed to be differentially affected by the ILs based on valproate,
suggesting that the cations may affect osteoclastogenesis through different mechanisms
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed that the different ILs based on valproate had the
ability to modulate the osteoclastogenesis process, shedding new light towards a better understanding of
how these drugs can affect bone tissue.
References
1. Ferraz, R., Branco, L. C., Prudencio, C., Noronha, J. P., & Petrovski, Z. (2011). Ionic Liquids as Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Chemmedchem, 6(6), 975-985. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201100082
110
P17: Study the activity of cetylpyriridinium cmpicilin on resistant and sensitive Escherichia coli
Sofia Oliveira1, Ricardo Ferraz1,2, Mónica Vieira1, Rúben Fernandes1,3, Luís C. Branco4, João Paulo
Noronha4, eljko Petrovski4, Cristina Prudêncio1,3
1Department
2UCIBIO/Requimte–Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
3I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, UP, Portugal,
Introduction: Ionic Liquids (ILs) are organic salts with melting point below 100 ºC. Their possible
combinations anion/cation render them more suitable for several biological applications.
Objectives: Understand the activity of cetylpyriridinium ampicillin on sensitive and resistant Escherichia
coli.
Materials and Methods: The studies were made using microdilution, colorimetric and fluorescence
methods to understand how the ILs act on bacteria. The strains studied were sensitive E. coli ATCC
25922 and ampicillicin resistant bacteria E. coli bla Tem 180.
Results and Discussion: The result suggests that unlike sodium ampicillin, on sensitive bacteria,
cetylpyridinium ampicillin starts to inhibit growth since 0h. Sodium ampicillin only starts to inhibit the
growth between 4-6h. On resistant bacteria the cetylpyridiniun ampicillin has similar results since growth
inhibition is observed at 0h. Also the fluorescence analysis, with the fluorescein diacetate, showed a
decrease in fluorescence across time in the presence of the IL. This result indicates a decrease in bacteria
viability and that cetylpyridinium ampicillin may interfere with the membrane permeability, esterase activity
and/or pH.
Conclusion: The result suggests that the use of an hydrophobic organic cation (cetylpyridinium), may
provoke important membrane alterations or other cellular changes in bacteria. These results contribute to
elucidating the underlying mechanism.
Acknowledgments: Center of Research in Health and Environment (CISA) of the School of Allied Health
Technologies of Porto Polytechnic Institute (ESTSP-IPP)
References
1. Ferraz, R., Branco, L. C., Marrucho, I … Petrovski, . (2012). Development of novel ionic liquids based on
ampicillin. The Royal Society of Chemistry. doi:10.1039/C2MD00269H
2. Ferraz, R., Branco, L. C., Prudencio, C., … (2011). Ionic liquids as active pharmaceutical ingredients.
ChemMedChem, 6(6), 975-985. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201100082
3. Ferraz, R., Teixeira, V., Rodrigues, D., Fernandes, R., Prudencio, C., . . . Branco, L. C. (2014). Antibacterial
activity of Ionic Liquids based on ampicillin against resistant bacteria. Rsc Advances, 4(9), 4301-4307.
doi:10.1039/c3ra44286a
111
P18: Benzodiazepines use and factors affecting in patients from Farmácia da Ponte, Portugal
Ana Rita Cunha1, Marlene Santos 2
1School
2Center
Introduction: Benzodiazepines are one of the psychoactive substances most frequently used. Adherence
to medication is a critical factor in the continued health and well-being of patients using benzodiazepines.
Patients' acceptance of medical advice and information may be influenced by their subjective beliefs about
their health condition; therefore, it is essential that their beliefs be taken into account when giving health
advice or medical treatment. On the other hand, indiscriminate or irregular consumption of
Benzodiazepines can lead to dependence and/or withdrawn symptoms. In this way, there is an urgent
need to understand benzodiazepine use and its adherence. Objectives: This study aims to determine
benzodiazepines use and adherence to therapy in patients from “Farmácia da Ponte”, Amarante.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional survey of patients using benzodizepines was
conducted at “Farmácia da Ponte”, Amarante, Portugal, between February and March of 2015. One
hundred sixty two patients older than 18 years of both sexes, which acquired a benzodiazepine for
personal use, were included. A survey, divided into three groups: sociodemographic data, use of
benzodiazepines and adherence to therapy (Morisky scale), was applied. Characterization of use and
associations between variables were analyzed using SPSS, version 21.0.
Results and Discussion: This study showed that the most consumed benzodiazepines were Alprazolam,
Lorazepam and Ethyl loflazepate. Adherence to therapy was reported in 51.88% of patients. Low
adherence was associated with routine changes, concomitant medication use and forgetfulness.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that there were a significant proportion of patients that use
benzodiazepines. Despite a good level of adhesion was observed, this could indicate patient’s
dependence on benzodiazepines, and implications of these findings on pharmacy practice should be
discussed, in order to prevent it’s incriminate use and to achieve a successful therapy.
References
1. António, Â., & Remísio, É. (2002). Evolução do consumo de benzodiazepinas em Portugal de 1995 a 2001.
Observatório do Medicamento e dos Produtos de Saúde. Obtido em dezembro de 2014
2. Bugalho, A., & Carneiro, A. V. (2004). Intervenções para Aumentar a Adesão Terapêutica em Patologias
Crónicas. Obtido em janeiro de 2015
3. Cadilhe, S. (2004). Benzodiazepinas – prevalência de prescrição e concordância com os motivos de consumo.
Rev Port Clin Geral, 20:193-202. Obtido em dezembro e 2014
112
P19: Is antidepressant use associated with breast cancer development? A meta-analysis.
Rosa Oliveira1, Andressa Pereira2, António Fernandes2, Rúben Fernandes3,4
1Biostatistics,
Biomathematics and Bioinformatics, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
3Master of Science in Health Biochemistry, and Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Allied Health
4Cancer Program – Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology, i3S, Porto, Portugal
Presenting author: [email protected], [email protected]
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and there is considerable
research proving that depression is an aetiological factor in the development of cancer and a risk factor
concerning mortality of breast cancer. Studies in rats also demonstrated a possible development of breast
cancer due to antidepressant use. Moreover, even though studies in humans are trifling, the few studies
examining the relationship between antidepressant use and breast cancer risk have produced conflicting
results.
Objectives: The goal of the present study was to analyze associations between use of antidepressant
medication and risk of breast cancer. A second goal was to test whether these associations would vary
depending on study characteristics.
Materials and Methods: We review evidence for the study goal based upon prospective longitudinal
studies. We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane trials registers from December 2014 and
January 2015 for studies studying association of antidepressants and breast cancer. Bibliographies of
elected articles were examined for further references. Research took into account a predetermined list of
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free text terms where appropriate. We combined the terms
“antidepressive agents”, “depression “, ‘‘antidepressant use” and “breast cancer risk”.
Results and Discussion: Meta-analysis was used for integrating the results of 12 eligible trials of
antidepressive treatments. There is some evidence that there exist association between antidepressant
use and breast cancer. Further confirmatory trials and research are required before the body of scientific
evidence can be conclusive.
Conclusion: Antidepressant use is not associated with breast cancer development.
113
P20: Analysis of the impact of work shift on Burnout syndrome, anxiety, depression and stress
Andrea Seixas1, Matilde Rodrigues2
1
2Department
Introduction: Work shift and night work have been associated with health disorders, as well as with the
decrease of workers’ safety and productivity, and poor family and social relationships. However, the
effects of this type of work in the incidence of psychosocial risks are still little known.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the impact of the work shift in the prevalence of Burnout
syndrome, anxiety, depression and stress.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a metal-mechanic industry. A total of 175 workers
of the production sector, that were a part of three work shifts (morning, afternoon and night) participated in
this study. The Burnout syndrome was assessed by the Shirom-Melamed Burnout scale and the anxiety,
depression and stress was measured through the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress scale.
Results and Discussion: The obtained levels of Burnout and stress were low, while anxiety and
depression exhibited higher levels. Higher levels of psychosocial risks were found in the morning work
shift and lower in the night work shift. However, no significant differences were found between the three
shifts. These results can be explained by several factors such as the workers’ age, years of work at the
referred shift, the existence of second employment and production demands.
Conclusion: This work emphasizes the need to implement risk reduction measures, particularly in the
morning work shift.
References
1. Bara, A. C., & Arber, S. (2009). Working shifts and mental health–findings from the British Household Panel
Survey (1995-2005). Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 361-367.
2. Costa, G. (2010).Shift work and health: current problems and preventive actions. Safety and health at work, 1(2),
112-113.
114
P21: Risk of infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with TNF-α antagonists: a systematic
review
Ana Barbosa1, Marlene Santos2
1School
for Research and Information in Pharmacy, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied
2Center
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation
that leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Because it is an autoimmune disease,
immunosuppressive therapy has shown to be the most effective and the widely used in this pathology.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are immunosuppressive drugs of the class of biological diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs, which have been increasingly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
due to their therapeutic benefits. These drugs act directly on the innate and adaptive immune
response. However, since they are immunosuppressive drugs, they may increase the risk
of opportunistic infection.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the treatment with TNFantagonists and an increased risk of infection, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, through a systemic
literature review.
Materials
and
Methods:
A
comprehensive
electronic
literature
search
was
conducted in Pubmed database to identify all studies published from 2005 to 2015, with the following
mesh terms: "rheumatoid arthritis", "bacterial infection" and "tumor necrosis factor alpha". Two reviewers
independently screened all abstracts, followed by the full text of potential articles to evaluate eligibility.
Study methodological quality was evaluated using Oxford quality scoring system.
Results and Discussion: Of the studies identified from our literature search, twelve met eligibility criteria.
From these eight showed a positive relationship between TNF- antagonists and an increased risk of
infection. Contrariwise, four studies suggested that infection risk was independent of TNF- antagonist’s
exposure. Nevertheless some studies were limited by a small number of patients and outcomes were
evaluated with different follow-up times.
Conclusion: Available literature supports an association between an increased risk of infections in
patients under treatment with TNF- antagonists. However and since methodologic procedures are
not alike, is necessary to undergo larger studies with normalized methodology to clearly prove this
relationship.
References
1. Askling, J., Fored, C. M., Brandt, L., Baecklund, E., Bertilsson, L., Feltelius, N. (2005). Risk and case
characteristics of tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in Sweden.
Arthritis Rheum, 52(7), 1986-1992.
2. Dixon, W. G., Watson, K., Lunt, M., Hyrich, K. L., Silman, A. J., Symmons, D. P., & Register, B. S. f. R. B. (2006).
Rates of serious infection, including site-specific and bacterial intracellular infection, in rheumatoid arthritis patients
receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register.
Arthritis Rheum, 54(8), 2368-2376.
3. Moiton, M. P., Richez, C., Dumoulin, C., Mehsen, N., Dehais, J., & Schaeverbeke, T. (2006). Role of anti-tumour
necrosis factor-alpha therapeutic agents in the emergence of infections. Clin Microbiol Infect, 12(12), 1151-1153.
115
P22: Ecotoxicity of Congo red, hematoxylin, safranine and neutral red dyes in green algae and
cyanobacteria
Piedade Barros, Jéssica Costa
CISA- Centre of Health and Environmental Research. School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Dyes from different chemical categories are frequent in effluents from textile production,
food processing and paper mills. Dyes are also very frequently used in biology, biochemistry, histology
and microbiology laboratory studies. Congo red (C32H22N6Na2O6S2) is a water-soluble secondary diazo
dye. Hematoxylin (C16H14O6) is a natural dye, extracted from the heartwood of the tree Haematoxylum
campechianum. Safranine (C20H19ClN4) is used as a biological stain commonly used as a counterstain in
the Gram stain procedure and in histological studies. Neutral red (C15H17ClN4), is a vital stain used in
many staining methods.
Objectives: The objective of this work was to describe the effects of Congo red, hematoxylin, safranine
and neutral red dyes in Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa growth rate.
Materials and Methods: Toxicity tests followed the European Guideline for algal and cyanobacteria
growth inhibition test. Cells from algae and cyanobacteria cultures in exponential growth phase, were
incubated in a microplate, with five dye concentrations (0; 40; 4; 0.4; 0.04 and 0.004 µl/L), under
continuous light and shaking at 22ºC. Average growth rates were calculated from cell numbers based on
OD determination at 24h period until 96h.
Results and Discussion: After 96h exposure and at the higher concentration tested the four dyes
inhibited both Microcystis and Chlorella growth rate but with different patterns and intensities. Differences
of sensitivity were found between the two species with different LC50 values, depending on the dye. In
some cases, and at the lowest concentration, both species growth showed hormesis. The time related
response was different between species.
Conclusion: The dyes studied have different negative effects in Microcystis and Chlorella growth rate.
Interspecific differences of sensitivity were found.
References
1. OECD (2011), Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test, OECD Guidelines for the
Testing of Chemicals, Section 2, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264069923-en
116
P23: Drinking water quality and potential risks related to the presence of biofilms in water taps of
Portuguese Schools
Sara Quintela1, Marisa Freitas2, Manuela Vieira da Silva2
1School
of Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2 Department
Introduction: In drinking water distribution systems the surfaces of taps are in contact with non-sterile
water, which can lead to biofilm development. Biofilms can harbor opportunistic pathogens, representing a
potential risk factor of water-related diseases, especially to sensitive human subgroups such as children.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of water and the biofilm presence on inner
surfaces of taps and flow straighteners.
Materials and Methods: Nine schools were studied in the following sampling points: taps of bathrooms
and canteens and water fountains located in playgrounds, in a total of thirty-three inner tap surfaces and
twenty-two flow straighteners. Aerobic plate counts (APC) at 22ºC and 37ºC, total coliforms, E.coli,
Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were
analyzed. Additionally, free chlorine concentration, pH and temperature were also determined in thirty-six
drinking water samples.
Results and Discussion: Overall, the water samples complied with legal physical and chemical
requirements, however some of them do not respect the microbiological recommendations for drinking
water (Decree-Law No. 306/2007) regarding to APC at 22ºC and 37ºC (30.6% and 19.4%, respectively).
Over than 60% of the inner surfaces of taps and flow straighteners showed high counts of APC at 22ºC
(from 5x101 to 6x106 CFU/unit sample) and 37ºC (from 4.5x101 to 6.2x106 CFU/unit sample). In flow
straighteners pathogenic microorganisms, such as coliforms, Clostridium perfringens, E. coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were also detected.
Conclusion: The results confirm the presence of biofilms in the inner surfaces of some taps and flow
straighteners, suggesting deficiencies in the integrity of water distribution systems of some schools. Future
research should focus on tap materials characterization and other factors that may influence biofilm
development.
Acknowledgments: Sara Quintela thanks the Polytechnic Institute of Porto and Banco Santander Totta for the Grant
of Integration in Scientific Research (BInt-ICD/IPP-BST/CISA/01/2015).
References
1. Decree-Law No. 306/2007, August 27th. Diário da República n.º164 – I Série. Ministério do Ambiente. Lisboa.
117
P24: Isolation of Actinomycetes from marine sediments with potential to produce bioactive
compounds
Inês Ribeiro1,2, Diogo A. M. Alexandrino3, Rui S. Oliveira1,2,4 Chiara Santos3, Filipe Pereira3, Ana P.
Mucha3, Maria F. Carvalho3
1Department
of Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Technologies , Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua
Valente Perfeito 322 – 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2 Research Centre on Environment and Health, School of Allied Health Technologies , Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Rua Valente Perfeito 322 – 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
3CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289
– 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
4Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas –
3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
Introduction: The various health problems experienced by the humanity, together with an increasing
number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been driven scientists to look for additional reserves of
new bioactive substances. Actinomycetes are an important source of bioactive compounds with industrial
and pharmaceutical interest. The distribution of this vast microbial group in the oceans is largely
unexplored, making oceans an untapped and promising source of novel bioactive compounds.
Objectives: This study aimed to isolate actinomycetes with the potential to produce bioactive compounds
from a coastal marine environment.
Materials and Methods: The isolates were obtained from coastal marine sediments collected in Parque
Natural do Litoral Norte, Esposende, Portugal. Three different pre-treatments and three selective media
were tested. Identification of isolates was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results and Discussion: A total of 140 microbial colonies were isolated. Identification of each isolate is
on-going. 16S rDNA sequencing results obtained so far curiously revealed that two isolates belong to the
Firmicutes phylum, which also encompasses many bacterial producers of interesting bioactive
compounds. One of these isolates may represent a new bacterial species.
Conclusion: The results so far obtained point to the isolation of a new bacterial species, which has
potential to be a novel source of bioactive substances. There is also high potential of identifying additional
novel species among the non-identified isolates. Novel isolates will be all tested for their capacity to
produce bioactive compounds.
Acknowledgements: M.F. Carvalho acknowledges Investigator FCT program supported by FCT, FSE and POPH.
R.S. Oliveira acknowledges the FCT research grant SFRH/BPD/85008/2012 and FSE. This work was financed by
Projects PEst-OE/BIA/UI4004/2014 and IF/00791.
References
1. Ramesh, S., & Mathivanan, N. (2009). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25(12), 2103-2111.
2. Manivasagan, P., Venkatesan, J., Sivakumar, K., & Kim, S. K. (2013). Microbiological Research, 168(6), 311-332.
118
P25: Carbon footprint of the School of Allied Health Technologies of Polytechnic Institute of Porto
Liliana Frutuoso1, Clara Ribeiro 2, Mafalda Nunes3
1School
of Allied Health Technologies - Polytechnic Institute of Porto and Institute of Environment and Development
– University of Aveiro
3Research Centre on Environment and Health - School of Allied Health Technologies - Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
2School
Introduction: Higher education institutions have increased their responsibilities for the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in order to contribute to a more sustainable development. The School
of Allied Health Technologies is a good example of an institution that has environmental concerns and has
been developing initiatives and commitments for a more sustainable environmental future. The calculation
of the carbon footprint of this institution is another step towards this commitment. The carbon footprint can
be defined as a measure of the GHG that are directly and indirectly caused by an activity, expressed in
carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq).
Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the carbon footprint of the School of Allied Health
Technologies, not only to give a number with which the university’s carbon sustainability level can be
compared with, but also to provide a baseline against which future mitigation efforts on university campus
can be measured.
Materials and Methods: To develop the GHG emissions inventory, activity data was multiplied by an
emission factor to yield emissions for that activity by specific GHG type. Each GHG type was converted to
its CO2 equivalent based on its Global Warming Potential (GWP) relative to CO2.eq. All emissions were
reported in a common unit of measurement. This normalization enabled each GHG type to be compared
based on its global warming potential (IPCC, 2007).
Results and Discussion: This institution’ carbon footprint for the year 2014 was found to be 221 tCO2eq, including campus energy consumption, transportation and services, contributing about 80.6%, 0.3%
and 19.1%, respectively.
Conlusion: The main conclusion of this research study was that electricity consumption has the higher
contribution for the carbon footprint. However, there was a great difficulty in carrying out this analysis
because some data were either totally unavailable or partially incomplete, leading to increased
uncertainty.
References
1. Wiedmann, M. & Minx, J. (2008). A definition of 'Carbon Footprint'. Research & Consulting UK, 11
2. IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment
Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate. New York: Cambrige University Press.
119
P26: Practices of receiving fish products and the sensory perception of its quality by food
operators: the importance of training programs
Rita Morais1, Sara Gomes1 & Marisa Freitas2
1School
of Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova
de Gaia, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Food safety is an important issue worldwide, once foodborne diseases are a significant
cause of morbidity and mortality. The selection of reliable suppliers and inspection of incoming raw
materials/ingredients are crucial to guarantee the safety of food. Regarding to the freshness of fish
products it can be perceived in sensory terms by sight, touch, smell and taste. Food operators should
therefore be effectively trained to ensure that inspection procedures are adequately performed.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the practices of receiving fish products and the sensory
perception its quality by food operators before and after applying a training program.
Materials and Methods: The survey was performed in twenty food establishments. The practices of
receiving were assessed by using a check-list based on Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004, which compile:
structural and hygiene requirements; temperature control and hygiene conditions of transport; and
incoming records. The sensory perception was assessed, before and after applying a training program, by
using a questionnaire based on the Assessment Method of Freshness of Fish - QIM, which consists of two
sections: information about the incoming of fish products (hygiene requirements; temperature control and
records) and fish sensory attributes (appearance of eyes and gills, odour, mucus of skin and texture of
flesh).
Results and Discussion: Overall, the practices of receiving meet the legal requirements; however,
probably due to 80% of establishments do not own an appropriate thermometer, 55% and 75% of the
establishments do not check/record the temperature of transport and raw-materials/ingredients,
respectively. There was a significant improvement in the number of correct answers (20% to 70%) after
applying the training program, especially regarding to the incoming of fish products.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of continuous training programs, which ensure that food
operators remain aware of procedures necessary to maintain the safety of food.
References
1. Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004, 29th April, of the European Parliament and Council. Official Journal of European
Union, L139, 1-54.
120
P27: Application of microbial Inoculants as a sustainable practice for the production of grain
legumes under water stress
Patrícia Carvalho1, Sonya Marques1, Mafalda Nunes1, Guilhermina Marques 2, Rui S. Oliveira1,3,4
1Research
Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
2CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Department of
Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
3Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
4Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa,
Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Grain legumes contain high level of protein and adequate proportions of carbohydrates and
oil, making them valuable as human food. Unlike protein products of animal origin, legumes contain much
less fat, which makes them healthier. The nutritional value of legumes has been associated with reduction
of incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer, type-2 diabetes and heart disease. Arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can
improve plant nutrition and increase drought tolerance.
Objectives: The study aimed at assessing the effect of AMF and NFB in promoting the growth and yield of
grain legumes as a sustainable agricultural practice.
Materials and Methods: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] were
inoculated with AMF and NFB and subjected to three levels of water stress: no stress, moderate stress or
severe stress. Plant growth (shoot length and biomass) and grain yield (number of grains per plant) were
evaluated.
Results and Discussion: Inoculated plants produced larger numbers of grain under water stress when
compared with non-inoculated controls. Shoot length and leaf chlorophyll concentration were also
significantly increased in inoculated plants.
Conclusion: Inoculation with AMF and NFB can improve the productivity of grain legumes. These
microbial inoculants can contribute for sustainable production of heathy food under adverse environmental
conditions.
Acknowledgements: R.S. Oliveira acknowledges the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
through research grant SFRH/BPD/85008/2012 and Fundo Social Europeu.
References
1. Patterson, C.A., Maskus, H., & Dupasquier, C. (2009). Pulse Crops for Health. Cereal Foods World, 54, 108-112.
2. Oliveira, R.S., Castro, P.M.L., Dodd, J.C., & Vosátka, M. (2005). Synergistic effect of Glomus intraradices and
Frankia spp. on the growth and stress recovery of Alnus glutinosa in an alkaline anthropogenic sediment.
Chemosphere, 60, 1462-147
121
P28: Impact of different storage conditions of formamide in the quality of sequences
Daniela Moura1,2, Maria João Pina2, Cátia Pereira2, Márcia Baixia2, Rafaela Leal2, Sónia Sousa2, Filipa
Quintela Vieira3,4, Regina A. Silva3,4, Luis Cirnes 2,4
1School
of Allied Health Technologies (ESTSP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Diagnostic Laboratory (LDG) of Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto
(Ipatimup), Portugal
3Research Centre on Health and Environment (CISA), School of Allied Health Technologies (ESTSP), Polytechnic
4Department
of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Allied Health
2Genetic
Introduction: Obtaining high quality sequences is essential to proper reading and interpretation. A crucial
step for this goal is the denaturation of sequencing products which is usually performed using a denaturing
agent such as formamide. It has been described that the reduction of formamide quality may cause
irregular cytosine and guanine peaks in an electropherogram.According to manufacturers recomendations,
formamide should be stored at -20ºC. Under other conditions such as exposition to light and air and
temperature changes for a certain period of time, quality may decrease.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to understand which formamide storage-related variables can
be responsible for decreasing sequence quality.
Materials and Methods: Three distinct PCR products were used: a wildtype product smaller than 200 bp;
a wildtype product larger than 300bp; and a product with a point mutation. Formamide was stored under
different conditions (exposure to light, air and different temperatures) during certain periods of time. The
products were sequenced by Sanger method and subsequent electropherograms analysis was
performed.The quality of sequences was scored by evaluating the degree of background noise and
presence/absence of irregular cytosine and guanine peaks.
Results and Discussion: With the increase of exposure periods to non-ideal storage conditions we
verified the presence of irregular cytosine and guanine peaks in some sequences, which result from a
decrease of the quality of formamide. However, by evaluating the score of those cases, we concluded that
the mentioned artifact does not affect significantly sequence interpretation. Therefore, we believe that
formamide can remain in any of those conditions (including exposure to light and air) up to 1 month
without significant impact in the sequence quality.
Conclusion: Formamide showed high stability when stored in non-ideal conditions, not compromising
sequence interpretation in the studied periods of time.
Acknowledgments: We express our gratitude to IPATIMUP for all the support in this research.
References
1. Blake, RD. Delcourt, SG. (1996).Thermodynamic effects of formamide on DNA stability. Nucleic acids research,
24(11):2095-103.
2. DNA Sequencing by Capillary Electrophoresis. (2009). Chapter 8 - Troubleshooting. Applied Biosystems
Chemistry Guide.(2nd ed., pp.203-53).
3. Hi-Di Formamide - Genetic Analysis Grade. (2003). Applied Biosystems.
122
P29: Effects of different storage conditions of sequencing products with formamide in the quality
of sequences.
Daniela Moura1,2, Maria João Pina2, Cátia Pereira2, Márcia Baixia2, Rafaela Leal2, Sónia Sousa2, Filipa
Quintela Vieira3,4, Regina A. Silva3,4, Luis Cirnes 2,4
1School
Diagnostic Laboratory (LDG) of Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto
(Ipatimup), Portugal
4Department
of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Allied Health
2Genetic
Introduction: DNA sequencing is widely used in molecular diagnosis and good sequence quality is crucial
to a correct interpretation. It has been described that formamide quality decrease and sequencing
reactions exposure to light, heat and/or oxygen can cause irregular peaks of cytosine and guanine in
electropherograms. In a previous study, we concluded that despite the presence of this artifact when
formamide is stored under non-ideal conditions, it does not significantly reduce the quality of the
sequences.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the impact of different storage conditions of
sequencing mixes (formamide plus sequencing product) in sequence interpretation.
Materials and Methods: Three distinct PCR products were used: a wild-type product smaller than 200 bp;
a wild-type product larger than 300bp; and a product with a point mutation. The sequencing mixes were
stored under different conditions (exposure to light, air and distinct temperatures) during certain periods of
time. The products were sequenced by Sanger method and the electropherograms were scored by
evaluation of the background noise degree and presence/absence of irregular cytosine and guanine
peaks.
Results and Discussion: When sequencing mixes were exposed to light and air, the sequences obtained
at the end of the first day of exposure were illegible. Sequence quality can only be ensured when
sequencing mixes are stored at room temperature (if properly protected from light and air) or at a
temperature of 4ºC for a maximum period of 3 days. At a temperature of -20ºC, the sequencing mixes may
remain stored for a maximum period of 1 week.
Conclusion: The sequencing mixes are affected by non-ideal storage conditions, being particularly
affected by exposure to light and air. Even when properly protected from light and air, the stability of
sequencing mixes can be affected by the temperature at which they are stored.
Acknowledgments: We express our gratitude to IPATIMUP for all the support in this research.
References
1. Lodish, H. Berk, A. Zipursky, SL. Matsudaira, P. Darnell, WL. (2003). Molecular Cell Biology, Chapter 9 Molecular Genetic Techniques and Genomics. (5th ed., pp.371-4).
2. GE Healthcare Biosciences. (2009). Nuclei Acid Sample Preparation for Downstream Analyses: Principles and
Methods. Sweden: GE Healthcare.
3. DNA Sequencing by Capillary Electrophoresis. (2009). Chapter 8 - Troubleshooting. Applied Biosystems
Chemistry Guide. (2nd ed., pp.203-53).
123
P30: Incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: predictive factors
Soraia Moreira1, Cristina Baeta2,3
1School
of Cardiopneumology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de
Gaia, Portugal
3Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been described as the arrhythmia with higher incidence in
postoperative period and follow-up of cardiac surgery.
Objectives: To study the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery and explore the relationship between this
incidence and the main predictive factors.
Methods: Retrospective observational study. The sample was selected among patients undergoing aortic
valve replacement surgery (AVRS) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in a central hospital.
Cardiac rhythm/incidence of atrial fibrillation was evaluated in four moments (end of cardiopulmonary
bypass (CPB), intensive care unit/hospitalization, pre hospital discharge, follow-up). Main preoperative
predictive factors were: age, sex, left and right atria dilation, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension,
aortic disease. Main perioperative predictive factors were: type of surgery, surgery with/without CPB, use
of cardioplegia, CPB and aortic clamping time. Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used, the
significance level was 0.05. Ethics Committee approved the study.
Results: Between January and December 2014, 399 individuals were selected, 74.9% male, mean age
66.8±10.5 years. AVRS showed higher incidence of AF in all evaluation moments compared with CABG
(2.27%/0.00%, 28.79%/13.48%, 6.06%/1.50%, 11.43%/0.00%). The preoperative factors associated with
AF incidence were age over 65 years (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.02), left ventricular hypertrophy
(p<0.001), chronic renal failure (p=0.01) and aortic stenosis (p<0.001). The perioperative factors
associated with AF incidence were AVRS (p<0.001), CABG (p<0.001), CPB (p<0.001) and use of
cardioplegia (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The incidence of AF was higher in AVRS, and the evaluation moment with higher incidence
of AF was intensive care unit/hospitalization in both types of surgery. Preoperative predictive factors
associated with AF after cardiac surgery in this sample were age upper 65 years old, left ventricular
hypertrophy, hypertension, aortic stenosis and chronic renal failure and perioperative predictive factors
were surgery with CPB and the use of cardioplegia.
References
1. Saxena, A. et al. (2013). Postoperative atrial fibrillation after isolated aortic valve replacement: a cause for concern? Ann
Thorac Surg, 95(1), 133-140.
2. Thorén, E. et al. (2012). Prediction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in a large coronary artery bypass grafting cohort.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 14(5), 588-593.
124
P31: Nucleic acids extraction equipment comparison
Ana Marques1, Fátima Monteiro2,3,4, Anabela Moreira2,4, Stéphanie Ferreira2,4, Teresa Moreira2,4, Sandra
Mota2,4, Manuela Amorim2,4
1School
of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
3Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Porto, Portugal
4Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
2Department
Introduction: The nucleic acids extraction is the first step towards molecular diagnostic tests. It is a
process susceptible to various interferences that can cause target material shortage.
Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the methodological and operational characteristics of
nucleic acids extraction equipment MagnaPure LC and QIAsymphony SP.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study consisted of the consultation of records of
nucleic acids extraction through MagnaPure LC (n=2366, from 2011 to 2012) and QIAsymphony SP
(n=2196, from 2013 to 2014) to determine the reextraction rate (number of extraction repetitions within
total number of extractions) for each method. Also, genomic DNA was extracted from 50 randomly
selected EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples by each method, according to each manufacturer’s
instructions. DNA concentration ( g/dL, A260) and purity (A260/A280 ratio) were determined by spectroscopy
(NanoDrop 8000). Operating characteristics were evaluated, including procedure time for genomic DNA
extraction of 24 samples run (min) and estimated time of extraction per sample (min). Descriptive
statistical analysis was performed. Two-sample T Test was applied at a significance level of 0.05.
Results and Discussion: LC MagnaPure and QIAsymphony SP presented statistically significant
differences regarding rate of reextraction (1.18% and 0.14%, respectively) and mean concentration of
extracted products (8.150 g/uL and 23.822 g/uL, respectively). There were no significant differences in
the degree of purity (1.67 and 1.52, respectively). Regarding operational characteristics, QIAsymphony SP
presented lower procedure time for genomic DNA extraction of 24 samples run than LC MagnaPure (91
and 178 min, respectively) and estimated time of extraction per sample (7 and 12 min, respectively).
Conclusion: The QIAsymphony SP equipment presented more advantages over MagnaPure LC in
nucleic acids extraction. However, the choice of nucleic acid extraction method and consequently the type
of equipment should be adjusted to work flow and organization of each laboratory.
References
1. Kang, S.-H., Lee, E. H., Park, G., Jang, S. J., & Moon, D. S. (2012). Comparison of MagNA Pure 96, Chemagic
MSM1, and QIAamp MinElute for hepatitis B virus nucleic acid extraction. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science,
42(4), 370–4.
2. Verheyen, J., Kaiser, R., Bozic, M., Timmen-Wego, M., Maier, B. K., & Kessler, H. H. (2012). Extraction of viral
nucleic acids: comparison of five automated nucleic acid extraction platforms. Journal of Clinical Virology : The
Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 54(3), 255–9.
3. Riemann K, Adamzik M, Frauenrath S, Egensperger R, KW S, Brockmeyer N.(2007). Comparison of manual and
automated nucleic acid extraction from whole-blood samples. J Clin Labo Anal, 21, 244–8.
125
P32: Radiographer’s best practices for image quality assurance in diagnostic pediatric pelvic
radiopraphs
Joana Miranda1, Paula Cardoso2, Sandra Rua Ventura3
1School
of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
3Department of Radiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: In pediatric diagnostic imaging, the image quality must be a constant concern to
radiographers and orientated to the particular clinical problem. Pelvic radiographs are a common
examination in children requiring specific preparation to be achieved.
Objectives: Our study aim to demonstrate the relevance of best practices when performing pediatric
pelvic radiographs to improve diagnostic quality.
Materials and Methods: Through the retrospective analysis of 101 radiographs performed in children,
image quality criteria were checked using the software MicroDicom. A visual grading scale of 8 pointsscored regarding the technical aspects when performing a pelvic x-ray in children was also performed.
Results and Discussion: The most common errors of image quality criteria are the pelvic tilt (52.45%)
and the central ray location of the x-ray beam (55.45%). The gonadal protective shields were absent in
42.57% (n = 101) of the patients.
Conclusion: The application of the current European Guidelines concerning the quality criteria when
performing pediatric pelvic radiographs must be assessed and followed as far as possible.
Acknowledgments: The images considered were acquired at the Radiology Department of Hospital S.
João, Porto, with the collaboration of Isabel Ramos (Professor from Faculdade de Medicina da
Universidade do Porto and Department Director) and the technical staff, which are gratefully
acknowledged.
References
1. MacKay, M., Hancy, C., Crowe, a, D’Rozario, R. & Ng, C. (2012). Attitudes of medical imaging technologists on
use of gonadal shielding in general radiography. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, 59(2), 35-39.
2. Mbbs, G. B. I., Ao, F., Mbbs, A., Uu, F., SC, E. B., Nzotta, H. C., & Egbe, N. O. (2013). A study of pelvic
radiography image quality in a Nigerian teaching hospital based on the Commission of European Communities
(CEC) criteria. The South African Radiographer, 51(2), 15-18.
3. Ventura, S.R. (2013). Técnicas e Procedimentos em Radiologia Convencional. (1ª Edição). LIDEL. Lisboa.
126
P33: Physical exercise and it influence in salivary cortisol levels
Ana Trancoso1,3, Stéphanie Ferreira2,3, Anabela Moreira2,3, Teresa Moreira2,3, Sandra Mota2,3, Manuela
Amorim2,3
1School
Porto, Portugal
Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Cortisol is important for the individual survival since it interferes with several of the body's
systems. Only free cortisol fraction can be determined in saliva. Although saliva presents advantages
compared to other biological products for the cortisol measurement, it is influenced by several factors physical and psychological stress.
Objectives: we aimed to analyze salivary cortisol values in participants, according to: body mass index
(BMI), before and after stress induction by the practice of a standardized exercise (aerobic training
protocol in cycle ergometer of the lower limbs).
Material and Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 34 participants of both genders, subdivided in
two groups, normal and overweight, at two different times (before and after stress induction). Salivary
cortisol was determined by salivary cortisol kit (IBL, International GmbH) which is a competitive
immunoassay.
The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the concentration of cortisol between the moment before and
after stress induction.
Results and Discussion: The average concentration of salivary cortisol before and after stress induction
was 1.012±0.704 g/dL and 0.667±0.545 g/dL, respectively.
In both moments, participants with overweight showed higher cortisol levels (1.194±0.827 g/dl and
0.884±0.694 g/dL) than normal weight participants (0.840±0.535 g/dl and 0.463±0.227ug/dL).
Cortisol levels decreased significantly after stress induction in normal weight participants (p=0.000).
Overweight participants showed similar results, yet not statistically significant (p=0.082).
Conclusion: It was found that in both groups the cortisol average was lower after stress induction,
contrary to what is described in literature. There are several variables that can interfere in the
determination of cortisol values, e.g., physical activity level, BMI and intensity of physical exercise which
could explain our results.
References
1. Clements, A. D. (2013). Salivary cortisol measurement in developmental research: Where do we go from here?
Developmental Psychobiology, 55(3), 205–220.
1. Powell, J., DiLeo, T., Roberge, R., Coca, A., & Kim, J.-H. (2014). Salivary and serum cortisol levels during
recovery from intense exercise and prolonged, moderate exercise. Biology of Sport, 32(2), 91–95.
doi:10.5604/20831862.1134314
3. Singh, A. M., & Staines, W. R. (2015). The Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on the Primary Motor Cortex. Journal
of Motor Behavior, (July), 1–12.
127
P34: Yeast colonization of the oral cavity in a young population
Ana Bessa1,3, Stéphanie Ferreira2,3, Anabela Moreira2,3, Teresa Moreira2,3, Manuela Amorim2,3, Sandra
Mota2,3
1School
Porto, Portugal
Portugal
2Department
Presenting author: ana_bessa_93 @hotmail.com
Introduction: Oral cavity is an environment where several kinds of fungi are frequently found. C. albicans
is the most commonly isolated specie. Candida spp., besides being part of the oral mucosa in healthy
individuals, constitutes an important group of opportunistic pathogenic fungi. When there is a change on
oral cavity environment microorganisms excessive growth can occur, resulting in oral candidiasis.
Objectives: To characterize mycological oral flora in a sample of students from School of Allied Health
Technologies and to study the influence of some factors in oral colonization, such as orthodontic
appliances, oral hygiene, smoking habits and diabetes.
Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 69 participants and plated on Sabouraud
Dextrose Agar (SDA) for Colony Forming Unit count. The obtained colonies were picked up for SDA and
CHROMagar. It was performed the serum filamentation test and chlamydospore test to identify Candida
albicans specie. Risk factors data were also collected using a questionnaire. For statistical analysis we
conducted a uni and bivariate study, using qui-square and fisher tests with =0.05.
Results and Discussion: Growth was obtained in 18 samples (26%), of these, 14 (77.8%) were identified
as Candida albicans, and the remaining 4 (22.2%) identified as non-Candida albicans. A relationship was
found between growth and use of orthodontic appliances (p=0.029). Of the 11 users of orthodontic
appliances, 6 (54.5%) were positive for yeasts growth.
Conclusion: Our results are consistent with literature. We found an association between the oral mucosa
colonization and use of orthodontic appliances. Such studies allow us to know the mycological
composition of the normal oral flora and to study the existence of factors that may promote growth of these
microorganisms in these environments. Since oral cavity is the portal of entry for microorganisms in both
gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is crucial to know the microorganisms present in this cavity.
References
1. Ghannoum, M. A., Jurevic, R. J., Mukherjee, P. K., et al. (2010). Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome
(mycobiome) in healthy individuals. PLoS Pathogens, 6(1), e1000713.
2. Monteiro-da-Silva, F., Araujo, R., Sampaio-Maia, B. (2014). Interindividual variability and intraindividual stability of
oral fungal microbiota over time. Medical Mycology, 52(5), 498–505.
128
P35: Evaluation of disturbances in metabolism related to lipid profile in patients with
schizophrenia
Lara Moura1, Anabela Moreira2,3, Stéphanie Ferreira2,3, Teresa Moreira2,3, Sandra Mota2,3, António
Marques4,5, Manuela Amorim2,3
1School
Porto, Portugal
Portugal
4Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do
Porto e Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto
5Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex and multifactorial mental disorder. Currently,
pharmacologic antipsychotic therapy (AP) focuses in SCZ symptoms minimization. AP has been
associated with potentially adverse metabolic effects that may lead to an increased cardiovascular risk
(CVR).
Objective: To characterize SCZ patients of a psychosocial rehabilitation association (PRA) regarding
antipsychotic therapy and sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,
LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) and anthropometric parameters; To describe the AP prescription when
observed changes in biochemical parameters.
Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in SCZ patients from a PRA. Data
regarding age, gender, AP therapy, lifestyle and clinical history was assessed through interview. Blood
samples were collected for lipid profile determination and anthropometric evaluation was performed.
Results and Discussion: The sample was composed of 19 SCZ patients, all medicated with AP, of which
10 presented changes in at least one of the biochemical parameters in study. Of these, 4 presented
changes in 2 or more biochemical parameters, thus increasing CVD.
Conclusions: The majority of participants presented risk factors for CVD. Data show the need for
monitoring metabolic side effects of AP therapy, in order to prevent CVD.
References
1. Henderson, D. C., Vincenzi, B., Andrea, N. V, Ulloa, M., & Copeland, P. M. (2015). Pathophysiological
mechanisms of increased cardiometabolic risk in people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. The
Lancet Psychiatry, 2(5), 452–464.
2. Patel, J. K., Buckley, P. F., Woolson, S., Hamer, R. M., McEvoy, J. P., Perkins, D. O., & Lieberman, J. A. (2009).
Metabolic profiles of second-generation antipsychotics in early psychosis: findings from the CAFE study.
Schizophrenia Research, 111(1-3), 9–16
3. Sousa, M., Moreira, A., Monteiro, P., Curral, R., & Marques, A. (2014). Prevalência de perfis lipídico e glicémico
alterados em pacientes com esquizofrenia. Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental, spe1, 65–70.
129
P36: Adherence to seasonal vaccination against influenza virus: Motivation of Pharmacy
professionals in Iberian hospitals
Marta Ferreira1, Ângelo Jesus2
1School
Department, Center for Health and Environment Research, School of Allied Health Technologies,
2Pharmacy
Introduction: Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.. The best way to prevent
the flu is by getting vaccinated each year. The immunization of Health Professionals emerges as a
measure to reduce the transmission of infection, with the purpose of protecting both the individual and the
patients being treated. Health Professionals fall within priority groups for seasonal vaccination against the
influenza virus, as recommended by WHO.
Objectives: This exploratory study aims to assess the adherence and motivation of Pharmacy
Professionals to free influenza vaccination regimens.
Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in 6 hospitals from 2 areas of the Iberian Peninsula (n=32)
using a pre-validated questionnaire. All data was evaluated using STATA 12.1 in order to apply parametric
(Probit model) and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney/Chi-square/Kruskal-Wallis).
Results and Discussion: Of all participants, 62.5% reported that they had already been vaccinated at
least once, during their lifetime. However, only 31.25% in the 2014/2015 flu season. There is a statistically
significant increase in adherence to vaccination with age, and number of working years. Adherence to
vaccination appears to be linked to individual’s perception of their risk of exposure.
Conclusion: Despite vaccination being an effective and free method of prevention there is still a
significant number of Hospital Pharmacy Professionals who don’t get vaccinated every year. Work must
be conducted in order to make these Pharmacy Professional, aware of the risks for themselves and their
patients.
References
1. Hill, M. M., & Hill, A. (2008). Investigação por Questionário. Lisboa, Portugal: Sílabo. Jiménez-Jorge, S., et al
(2014). Estudio cycEVA: casos y controles para la estimación de la efectividad de la vacuna antigripal en España,
2008-2013. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 88(5)
2. Rubinstein, H. et al (2015). Public preferences for vaccination and antiviral medicines under different pandemic flu
outbreak scenarios. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 190
130
P37: Coincidence detection in PET
Filomena Clemêncio1, Jorge Landeck2
1Department
2Department
of Physics, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Introduction: A complex task for PET cameras is the design of a coincidence detection system that
allows for a very tight time window. This brings us necessarily to discussing the concept of coincidence in
PET (including the concepts of single, prompt and multiple events in a PET chamber), the different options
for coincidence sorting and the concept of Field of View (FOV). We present results from a coincidence
system we implemented in a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA with coincidence time windows of the order of a few
hundred picoseconds and capable of FOV selection and multiple coincidence rejection implemented in
real-time.
Objectives: Implement a coincidence detection system that allows for a very tight coincidence time
window (in the order of a few hundred of picosecond) and capable of FOV selection and multiple
coincidences rejection.
Materials and Methods: A custom board, containing a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA, was used to implement the
coincidence system.
Results and Discussion: A coincidence system capable of multiple coincidences rejection and FOV
selection was developed and tested in a small RPC-PET camera. Coincidence windows of 212 ps, 578 ps,
956 ps and 1534 ps can be used.
Conclusion: A coincidence system can be effectively implemented in a FPGA, with very tight coincidence
windows, with the corresponding benefits in reducing the number of random coincidences, and hence the
overall noise on the acquired image. Multiple coincidences rejection and the chamber FOV can be
programmed.
References
1. Clemêncio, F. M. C., Loureiro, C. F. M., Fonte P., & Landeck, J. (2013). An All-Digital Coincidence-Selection and
Coincidence-Trigger Generation for a Small Animal RPC-PET Camera. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,
60(4), 2912-2917.
2. Oliver, J. F., Torres-Espallardo, I., Fontaine, R., Ziegler, S. I., & Rafecas, M. (2008). Comparison of Coincidence
Identification Techniques for High Resolution PET. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2008 IEEE,
4732-4735.
131
P38: Tear microRNA concentration in type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients
C. Campos-Borges1,2, V. Zanón-Moreno2, C. Galbis-Estrada2,3, C. Marco-Ramírez2,3, J.J. García-Medina3,
C. Prudêncio1,4, M.D. Pinazo-Durán2,3
1Ciências
Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de
Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
2Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica, “Santiago Grisolia”, Hospital Universitário Dr Peset, Valencia, España
3Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, España
4I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem. Genetics of T2DM are
still unsolved. Altered microRNAs expression has been connected several diseases.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine total concentration of microRNAs in tears of diabetic
patients and control subjects; different concentration and possible altered expression patterns of
microRNAs in tears of T2DM may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of the disease.
Materials and Methods: This study was designed to quantify the total amount of microRNAs in tears of
T2DM patients, according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups: 1) T2DMG (n=30)
and 2) healthy controls (CG; n=24). Information was collected from clinical history, ophthalmic examination
made and a tear volume of 15-20 microliters was collected. microRNA was obtained using a spin column
chromatography and quantified by a Nanodrop ®, analysed by specific software. Statistics were performed
adjusting by age by the SPSS 15.0.
Results and Discussion: Median age of T2DMG was 68±12 vs 43±21 years in the CG. It was found a
significantly higher microRNAs concentration in tears from the T2DMG vs the CG (9.02±3.08 vs
6.85±3.58 ng/µL; p=0.022).
Conclusion: Based on this “in vivo” study we verified that diabetics showed a differential microRNA
concentration in tears. Identifying the specific microRNAs involved in T2DM and retinopathy, it will allow
the design of new therapeutic strategies for better managing the eyes and vision.
Acknowledgments: FIS. PI13/00480 and RETICS-OFTARED Groups RD12/0034/0008- RD12/0034/0001
References
1. Galbis-Estrada, C. (2013). Cytokine/Chemokine Expression in Reflex Tears from Employers Exposed to Computer
in Office Environment. Internal Medicine, 3 (2).
2. Mastropasqua, R. (2014). Role of microRNAs in modulation of diabetic retinopathy. Progress in Retinal and Eye
Research, 43, 92-107.
3. O'Rahilly, S. (2005). Genetic Factors in type 2 diabetes: the end of the beginning? Science, 307(5708), 370-373.
132
P39: Cyberbullying, anxiety, depression and stress among adolescents
Cecília Fernandes dos Santos1, Cristina Queirós2 & António Marques3
1Faculty
of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
Rehabilitation Laboratory of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto,
2Psychosocial
Portugal
3Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory of School of Allied Health Technologies, Porto Polytechnic Institute, Portugal
Introduction: Cyberbullying is an aggressive intentional act carried out by a group/individual, using
electronic forms of contact against a victim who cannot easily defend him/herself (Smith et al., 2008). It
elicits depression/anxiety/stress that affect victims and perpetrators (Çetin et al., 2012), since their roles
are less defined on online environments (Park, Na & Kim, 2014).
Objectives: To identify cyberbullying existence and its relationship with anxiety, depression and stress.
Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic questionnaire, specific questionnaire for cyberbullying
(adapted from Campos, 2009) and the EADS (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) to assess anxiety, depression
and stress, were applied to 1358 students of north region, who anonymously participated. Mean age was
14.4 years, 56% were female and they were 10-14% distributed between 5th to 12th school year.
Results and Discussion: Cyberbullying was found on 27% participants and 10% had dual role of
victims/perpetrators, varying with gender (more female victims), age and academic achievement (more
frequent between 13-15 years and on unsuccessful academic cases). Higher association between
cyberbullying and anxiety/depression/stress appears on victims or dual role cases.
Conclusion: During adolescence, violence using new technologies elicits psychological discomfort,
involving the teenager, educators, parents and other professionals (Çetin et al., 2012). School health
promotion programs should be more alert to diagnose these situations and to help victims and
perpetrators.
References
1. Çetin, B., Akbaba, S., Eroglu, Y., Pepsoy, S., & Peker, A. (2012). The Investigation of Relationship among
Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Cyberbullying, and Psychological Disharmony in Adolescents. Educational
Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(2),646-653.
2. Park, S., Na, E. & Kim, E. (2014). The relationship between online activities, netiquette and cyberbullying. Children
and Youth Services Review. 42,74-81.
3. Smith, P., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008).Cyberbullying: its nature and
impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 49(4),376–385.
133
P40: Post-traumatic stress among adolescents: an exploratory study with LASC (Los Angeles
Symptom Checklist)
Pedro Mujo Silva1, Cristina Queirós2, Miguel Cameira2 & António Marques3
1Faculty
of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
Rehabilitation Laboratory of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto,
2Psychosocial
Portugal
3Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory of School of Allied Health Technologies, Porto Polytechnic Institute, Portugal
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) becomes a concern for researchers, seeking its
causes, risk factors and symptoms. Among adolescents these studies are scarce, with few instruments for
its diagnosis and mental health evaluation.
Objectives: To present an exploratory study focused on the adaptation of Los Angeles Symptom
Checklist (LASC) among adolescents.
Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic questionnaire, LASC and EADS (anxiety/depression/stress
scale) were applied to 695 anonymous students of Porto. Mean age was 12.9 years, 54% were female
and they were 10-20% distributed between 5th to 11th school year. Statistical analyses were R Pearson
correlation, independent t-student test, Oneway-anova, Qui-Square and factorial analysis with varimax.
Results and Discussion: Low presence of PSPT (15%) and stress/anxiety/depression, with older
students presenting more depression, stress and PTSD, and females presenting more anxiety, stress,
depression and PTSD. A positive correlation between anxiety and depression among individuals revealing
PTSD was found (R Pearson between 0.292 and 0.405). LASC presents good alphas (0.93 and 0.98 for
43 and 17 items versions) but exploratory factorial analysis shows, like the original version, a
concentration on the first factor, not well discriminating the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance and
hyperarousal.
Conclusion: Despite adequate psychometric properties of LASC, more data are need to adapt this scale,
since it can be useful to identify early symptoms of PTSD, that tend to increase due society tragic
incidents such as violence scenarios, road accidents, drug crimes, etc. Online LASC format will allow to
better identifying PTSD and regular evaluation using new health technologies.
References
1. Cook-Cottone, C. (2004). Childhood posttraumatic stress disorder: diagnosis, treatment, and school reintegration.
School Psych Ver, 33,127-139.
2. Eth, S. (2001). PTSD in children and adolescents. Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
3. Kristensen, C.H., Schaefer, L. S. & Busnello, F.B.(2010). Estratégias de coping e sintomas de stress na
adolescência. Estudos de Psicologia,27(1),21-30.
134
P41: Development of a new method for the detection and quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine
Dulce Teixeira1, Cristina Prudêncio1,2, Rúben Fernandes1,2, Mónica Vieira1
1Department
1,2I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The nitration of Tyrosine residues in proteins is associated with nitrosative stress, resulting
in the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Different methods have been described for the quantification of
this molecule. Regarding chromatographic methods, they seem to be very accurate, showing very good
sensibility and specificity. Gas chromatography-based methods exhibit the highest sensibility, however a
derivatization step prior analysis is required, which ends up being time-consuming for the analyst.
Conversely, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) may not require such derivatization.
Objectives: We aimed to develop a simple, rapid, low-cost and sensitive 3-NT quantification method for
use in medical laboratories as an additional tool for diagnosis and/or treatment monitoring of a wide range
of pathologies.
Materials and Methods: All experiments were performed on a HPLC system and separation as carried
out using a RP-18 column. Throughout the experiments, the influence of the following parameters was
evaluated: 1) mobile phase composition, 2) wavelength settings, 3) temperature, and 4) flow rate.
Results and Discussion: From all the protocols tested, the best results were obtained using 0.5%
CH3COOH:MeOH as the mobile phase, at wavelengths 215, 276 and 356 nm, at 25ºC, and flow rate of
1mL/min. Using this protocol, the calibration curve was linear (correlation coefficient=1), the limit of
detection and the limit of quantification were in the order of ng/mL, and the time required for analysis did
not exceed 15 minutes per sample.
Conclusion: The proposed method, which was successfully developed and validated for 3-NT
quantification, is simple, cheap and fast. It would be interesting to assess whether this method is suitable
for the quantification of 3-NT in several biological specimens. References:
Acknowledgments B Int-ICD/IPP-BST/CISA/01/2014 by IPP.
References
1. ICH Validation of analytical procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(r1) (2005).
135
P42: Socio-economic status and nutritional intake in adolescents
Ana Alexandra1, Marisa Sousa1, Patrícia Dinis1, António Fernandes2, José Carlos Ribeiro3, Vera FerroLebres1,3
1Department
of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, Health School - Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
Studies Center for Development, Agrarian School - Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
3CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto
2Transdisciplinary
Introduction: Studies indicate that dietary intake of adolescents is influenced by socio-economic level of
the family.
Objectives: Compare adolescents’ food consumption and anthropometry by socioeconomic status.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected through 3 day food diaries, anthropometric data were
objectively measured. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software.
Results and Discussion: A sample of 63 adolescents was studied, mostly female and aged from 10 to 19
years. There were no statistically significant differences (p-value = 0.378) in the anthropometric
measurements between socio economic status groups. Adolescents with lower socioeconomic status
consume significantly more energy (p-value=0.033), vegetable protein (p-value=0.005), total
carbohydrates (p-value=0.011) and starch (p-value=0.011).
Conclusion: It is concluded that adolescents’ nutritional intake significantly differs between
socioeconomic status groups. This study highlights the need to have public health interventions to reduce
these socioeconomic differences.
Supported by Project: PTDC/DTP-DES/1328/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028619); and Research Center
supported by: PEst-OE/SAU/UI0617/2011.
References
1. Pearson N, B. S. (2009). Family correlates of fruit and vegetables consuption in children and adolescents: a
sistematic review. Public Helath Nutr., pp. 267-283.
2. Veiga GV, S. R. (2006). Correlation in food intake between parents and adolescentes depends on socioeconomic
level. Nutri Res, pp. 517-523.
3. Vereecken CA, I. J. (2005). The relative influence of individual and contextual socio-economic status on
consumption of fruit and soft drinks among adolescents in Europe. Eur J Public Health, pp. 224-232.
136
P43: Congenital heart defects in isolated and syndromic context
Cátia Silva1,2, Catarina Varela1, Cláudia Almeida1, Marcos Gomes1, Paulo Brochado1, Rosete Nogueira1,3,4
1CGC
Genetics/Centro de Genética Clínica – Laboratory of Pathology, Porto
3Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar,
University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal
4ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
2School
Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) is defined as a coarse structural abnormality of the heart or
intrathoracic large vessels and which has functional significance.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of CHD in fetal autopsies and
its frequency in isolated and syndromic context evaluate the most frequent types of CHD and determine
the impact of histological study in the diagnosis of cardiac structural abnormalities.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 367 fetal autopsies performed on Centro de Genética
Clinica. Evaluation of variables: maternal age; maternal pathology; spontaneous fetal death (SFD) or
medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); fetal sex; gestational age (GA); presence of CHD isolated or
associated syndrome and classification of the type of CHD.
In the statistical analysis was used the statistical function in Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and the chisquare test.
Results and Discussion: After the study it appeared that 85(23.2%) autopsies were diagnosed with the
presence CHD, from these 8.45% occur in isolated and 14.71% in context syndromic. The most common
CHD was ventricular septal defect (VSD), with 56 (33.0%) cases, and 12 (7.0%) were histologically
diagnosed. MTP occurred in 65 (78.3%) cases and SFD in 18 (21.7%). It was verified that 48(56.5%) are
female and 37 (43.5%) are male. In syndromic CHD the mean maternal age was 36 years and the GA was
17 weeks. The mother of the fetus exhibiting CHD, 2(0.5%) had, at least, one maternal pathology. The
percentage of CHD obtained is similar to other studies, which refer to a percentage of 20%.The most
common type has CHD was VSD with a percentage close to 30% reported by other authors.
Conclusion: The CHD appeared in 23% of fetal autopsies and is related to the presence of syndrome, the
most frequently CHD was VSD and histological analysis was diagnosed with CHD in 7%.
References
1. Rocha IJG, Nogueira RMAN, Carriço ALC. Non-compacted myocardium and foetal left isomerism as a hydrops’
aetiology. Cardiology in the young 2010 Mar;20(2):223-5.
2. Barness EG, Spicer DD. Embryo and Fetal Pathology – Color Atlas With Ultrasound Correlation. 1st ed.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004.
3. Hoffman JIE. Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease: II. Prenatal Incidence. Pediatric Cardiology 1995;16:155-65.
137
P44: Computed Tomography Enterography: Contrast agent use in small-bowel imaging and
distensibility assessment
Lurdes Baptista1, Sandra Rua Ventura 2
1School
Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia,
Portugal
2Radiology
Introduction: The imaging analysis of the gastrointestinal tract is still a challenge for radiologists,
surgeons and gastroenterologists. However, due to the technical advances of multislice computed
tomography (CT) and the wide variety of oral contrast agents currently available, the Enterography
technique has been an important method for this study.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to seek scientific evidence regarding the gastrointestinal tract
distension obtained by means of the use of different oral contrast medium in small-bowel imaging.
Materials and Methods: An integrative review on the electronic health databases Web of Science and
Scopus using the following descriptors: “oral contrast medium”, AND “multislice CT”, AND “gastrointestinal
tract” AND “distension” was performed. The inclusion criteria are as follows: full papers and abstracts,
published between 2011 and 2015, in English or Portuguese. Two reviewers selected 66 articles.
Results and Discussion: The literature review show that only 50% of the CT Enterography studies
performed the analysis of intestinal distension with the use of different oral contrast medium, such as
water or milk. The visualization of the hyper-density of the intestinal walls is also an important feature for
diagnosis, as reported in 56.3% of the selected studies.
Conclusion: There is firm evidence that qualitative and quantitative analysis of small-bowel must be
performed to assess the best oral contrast agent for CT Enterography use. The results evidenced that the
oral contrast agent must be neutral.
References
1. D'IPPOLITO, G., et al. (2012). Enterografia por tomografia computorizada: uma avaliação de diferentes contrastes
orais neutros. Radiol Bras., pp. 139-143.
2. PRAKASHINI, K., et al. (2013). Quantitative and qualitative bowel analysis using mannitol, water and iodine-based
endoluminal contrast agent on 64-row detector CT. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, pp. 373-378.
3. LIM, B. K., et al. (2012). Evaluation of bowel distension and mural visualization using neutral oral contrast agents
for multidetector-row computed tomography. Singapore Medical Journal, pp. 732-736.
138
P45: Therapeutic profile of diabetic patients of Coimbra
Daniela Bessa & Rui Cruz
Department of Pharmacy, Coimbra Health School-ESTESC, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that affects all age groups. Diabetes is
characterized as a progressive disease with increased prevalence worldwide. In a clinical level is
important to evaluate their therapeutic profile in order to promote the rational use of medications and
minimize this public health problem.
Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the therapeutic profile of diabetic patients of Coimbra. It is
also intends to further analyze the clinical and demographic characteristics that may interfere with the
therapeutic profile.
Material and Methods: This study is observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical. The
sample is 357 patients with type II diabetes, accompanied at one of USF in Coimbra. Regarding the
collection of data on clinical, demographic and therapeutic profile was carried out using a questionnaire
developed for this purpose.
Results: The sample is majority composed of women (55.2%). 132 individuals belong to the age group of
64-75 years old. This sample has a high number of retired people with an average socioeconomic status
(51%). The average number of drugs used per day is about 6 medications. Oral antidiabetic drugs were
identified as the most frequent followed by antihypertensive and dyslipidemic drugs.
Conclusion: This study shows a therapeutic profile of diabetic characterized by the increased intake of
drugs and advanced age of patients.
139
P46: Healthcare professionals happiness and patient satisfaction. The case of physiotherapists
Lia Jacobsohn, Jorge Caiado Gomes, Jaime Combadão, & Carlos Guillén
Universidade Atlântica, Portugal
Introduction: In recent years research on organizational happiness has been increasing but instruments
to measure happiness at work, considering organizational factors, are scarce. Previous research
demonstrates the positive impact of satisfaction on patient rehabilitation.
Objectives: This study aims to propose an exploratory model of organizational happiness among
physiotherapists and its relationship with patient satisfaction. (i) To validate the model and (ii) to verify if
the happiest physiotherapists correlate with more satisfied patients.
Materials and Methods: A random sample of professionals and patients was selected, from several
health institutions, in a cross sectional framework. Two questionnaires were applied, one to 31 physical
therapists and the other to its 46 patients. Data analysis was carried by descriptive statistical methods and
a scale of organizational happiness (OHS) was validated by confirmatory factor analysis, by using R
software.
Results and Discussion: The internal validity of the OHS scale was 0.952 and the satisfaction
questionnaire had an internal validity of 0.881, for Cronbach α. The correlation between the dimensions of
the OHS and the satisfaction questionnaire were generally weak, but the correlation between the
workplace relationship dimension of the OHS and the satisfaction questionnaire had a moderate to strong
effect (person coefficient of 0.661, p<0.05).
Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that the physiotherapy’s score in the OHS impact the
satisfaction of the patients, although only one dimension, showed a strong correlation. Further work in this
exploratory model his necessary to assess happiness in physiotherapists and patient satisfaction.
References
1. Dutschke, G., Gomes, J.C., Combadão, J. & Jacobsohn, L. (2015). Developing a scale measuring Organizational
Happiness: content analysis and exploratory factorial analysis. In the proceedings of the 1st International Conference
Positive Organizational Communication: Empresa, liderazgo y comunicación interna. Universidad Loyola. Sevilla.
2. Fisher, C. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12, 384-412
3. Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 69, 719-727
140
P47: Maintaining the cold chain in the distribution of vaccines in Matosinhos’ Local Health Unit
Rita Pilar Silva1,2, Dália Folha 2, Ana Maria Santos 2, Sofia Silva 2
1Research
Center on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
2Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
Introduction: The Pharmaceutical Services of the Matosinhos’ Local Health Unit (ULSM, EPE) are in
charge for the storage, distribution and transportation of vaccines for Health Services in Matosinhos, in
order to fulfill the Portuguese Immunization Schedule (PIS) for the children of the county. Vaccines
comprising the PIS were approved because of their quality, efficacy and safety; but it depends on how
those are transported, stored and managed.
Objectives: Present the strategies adopted by ULSM, EPE to prevent breaks in the Cold Chain internal
circuit.
Materials and Methods: Work performed by analyzing data obtained by Bibliographic Research and
practical evidence.
Results and Discussion: In ULSM, EPE are used some strategies to safeguard the correct functioning of
the Cold Chain, that were tested to fulfill the specifications of the Cool Chain. Such as loggers for
monitoring temperature during transportation, placement of vaccines in thermal bags in a provision that
allows tolerate the differences in temperature as long as possible and, placement careful of the ice pack
in each of the bags. Regardless of the transportation route, the time spent on the process should always
be as short as possible.
Conclusion: The proper functioning of all links of the Cold Chain is critical, to assure the complete
efficacy of vaccines. The transportation is the link more proper to break. That is why the withdrawal of the
ice packs from the freezer 30 minutes earlier from the utilization is so important. As well as, the live
vaccines are placed near to the ice pack, because they can tolerate temperatures below 2º C, instead of
the other vaccines that cannot be freeze. Verification in the temperature control supports the
transportation mode.
References
1. Direção-Geral da Saúde. (2015, June). Retrieved from https://www.dgs.pt/
2. Immunization (2015, April). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/
3. Vaccines & Immunizations. (2015, August 27). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/
141
P48: Diabetes mellitus in Polytechnic Institute of Bragança community: Characterization and
knowledge
Rafael Patrício1†, Samuel Cabral1†, Isabel C. Pinto1,2, Olívia R. Pereira1
1Department
of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of
Bragança, Portugal
2Center for Aging Research and Intervention, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
†The authors contributed equally to this study
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and metabolic disease recognized as a global public
health problem of an increasing magnitude.
Objectives: Characterize the DM in Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (PIB) community and assess the
knowledge about the disease.
Materials and Methods: In order to collect data, it was applied a questionnaire to 387 members of PIB
community (students, teachers and non-teaching staff), between November 2014 and April 2015.
Results and Discussion: The prevalence of DM determined in PIB community was 3.4% (13
respondents). From these, 7 (53.8%) have type I DM, 3 (23.1%) have type II DM, 1 (7.7%) have
gestational DM while 2 (15.4%) do not know the type of diabetes that have. Regarding to the
pharmacological therapeutics, 30.8% use insulin, 46.2% oral hypoglycemic drugs, while 23.1% don’t use
any drug. Moreover, 27.6% said carry out a diet and 21.2% does physical exercise more than two times
per week, about one third consume tobacco and alcohol.
From all respondents, 97.7% claim knowing what DM is. In more detail, 38.6% said know the DM type I,
38.4% the DM type II and 20.0% the DM gestational. Concerning therapeutics used in the different types
of DM 69.5% claim know, but only 14.5% were able to correctly identify the four existing drugs list
provided. Furthermore, only 1% was able to identify correctly the three DM risk factors presented in the
question, while 46% and 47% have identified two or one factors, respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of diabetes in PIB is very low and the knowledge about
the disease is acceptable.
References
1. Luís Correia et al (2014). Diabetes: Factos e Números 2014, Relatório Anual do Observatório Nacional da
Diabetes 11/2014, Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia
2. World Health Organization (2014) Diabetes, Fact sheet N°312. Updated January 2015 http://www.who.int/
mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/
142
P49: Characterization, therapeutics and control of arterial hypertension in patients of pharmacies
from Vila Nova de Famalicão
Joana Botas1†, Daniela Carvalhal1†, Maria Ferreira1†, Olívia R. Pereira1, Isabel C. Pinto1,2
1Department
Bragança, Portugal
†The authors contributed equally to this study
Introduction: Arterial Hypertension (AHT) is one of the most concerning health issues worldwide, due to
its importance as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Objectives: Determine the proportion of AHT, characterize the disease, therapeutics and related factors
on users of 2 Pharmacies of Vila Nova de Famalicão city.
Materials and Methods: It was performed a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study included
352 users of 2 Pharmacies from Vila Nova de Famalicão. The data was collected using a questionnaire
and an automatic blood pressure (BP) measuring device.
Results and Discussion: The proportion of self-reported HTA was 34.4%, mostly in older age groups
(66.7% and 82.4% for users with 62-72 and 84-95 years, respectively). Moreover, an important amount of
hypertensive users didn’t have their BP values controlled, with values of 38% and 49% for high diastolic
and high systolic BP, respectively. Concerning the pharmacological treatment, 24.8% of the hypertensive
users do not take medication, most of them due to the lack of symptoms (44.2%). Diuretics were the
medicines more used in AHT therapeutics (19.9%) followed by Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors (14.9%), which is according to the Portuguese treatment guidelines. Some risk factors identified
as associated with AHT were the age (p<0.001), Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.001), CVD factor history
[stroke (p<0.001), heart attack (p=0.001), dyslipidemia (p<0.001), diabetes (p=0.001)] and family history of
AHT (p<0.001). All of them are reported in the literature as related factors with AHT and globally as CVD.
Conclusion: The AHT was more prevalent in older age groups, with high BMI and individual CVD history,
being diuretics and ACE inhibitors the most used therapy.
References
1. Direção Geral de Saúde (2013). Norma nº 020/2011 - Hipertensão Arterial: definição e classificação.
2. Mancia, G. et al (2013) ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial Hypertension. Journal of
Hypertension, 31, 1281-357.
143
P50: Communication impact in health outcomes in the intensive care unit: A systematic review
Joana Mendes1, Ana Peixoto2
1School
of Speech-Language Therapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
2Department
Introduction: As a direct result of critical illness and its management ICU patients and their caregivers are
vulnerable to communication breakdowns and adverse events which is usually perceived as a source of
frustration to both medical staff and patients. As a vital part of high quality care, the physician-patient
relationship is critically important to patient outcomes.
Objectives: To determine the impact of patient communication status on clinical outcomes in ICU and
verify the input of assisted communication.
Materials and Methods: Research in articles published in the last 5 years in English or Portugueselanguage journals indexed by EBSCOhost Research Databases and PubMed using the key-words
“intensive care unit”, “augmentative and alternative communication”. Only 5 articles met the criteria.
Results and Discussion: Results published from Portugal are inexistent. Studies confirm that
communication problems experienced by patients in the ICU have serious implications for their physical
and psychological well-being and the quality of their care. Furthermore, communication between ICU
patients and physicians or caregivers is usually brief, limited to staff-initiated, and task- or procedurerelated statements. Improvements in physician-patient communication by the medical staff encourage
patients to engage in communication, increases the length of communication exchanges and help
establish a therapeutic relationship.
Conclusion: Research on how patient communication difficulties effects outcomes and adverse events in
critical care setting is limited. The lack of information jeopardizes the quality of services delivered.
Healthcare organizations must make physician-patient communication one of the highest organizational
priorities and invest resources to develop and implement programs that enhance communication skills in
ICU.
References
1. Happ, M., Garrett, K., Tate, J., DiVirgilio, D., Houze, M., Demirci, J., & Sereika, S. (2014). Effect of a multi-level
intervention on nurse-patient communication in the intensive care unit: Results of the SPEACS trial. Heart & Lung:
The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 43(2), 89-98.doi: 10.1016
144
P51: Salivary alpha-amylase activity variation along the menstrual cycle
Ana Rita Pereira1,2, Amaro Frutuoso 2,3
1Centre
of Health and Environmental Research (CISA), School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
2Pathology Department of Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Portugal
3Pathological,
Cytological
and
Thanatological
Anatomy Department, School
of
Allied
Health
Introduction: Salivary alpha-amylase, produced by the salivary glands, is the main enzyme present in
saliva (Ekström, Khosravani, Castagnola, & Messana, 2012). The salivary glands and salivary alphaamylase production can be influenced by many factors, including circadian rhythms, sex, age, stress,
medication, tobacco and alcohol, as well as menstrual cycle (Alagendran, Archunan, Armando, &
Guzman, 2010; Rohleder & Nater, 2009). There are reports of the inefficacy of saliva from menstruated
women to digest glycogen in histochemical stains. However papers studying the relationship between
salivary alpha-amylase activity and the menstrual cycle do not have consensual results.
Objectives: To evaluate alterations in salivary alpha-amylase activity along the menstrual cycle and
according to the type of contraception, as well as determine the influence of these alterations in glycogen
digestion.
Materials and Methods: Non-stimulated saliva was collected from 53 participants in the various phases of
the menstrual cycle. The activity of salivary alpha-amylase using the method of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl- maltotrioside substrate digestion and total protein was tested using the benzethonium chloride method.
Additionally the samples with highest and lowest activity were used in the stain PAS after enzymatic
digestion.
Results and Discussion: No differences were found between collection phases in the control as well as
in the menstruated women group (p>0.05). Type of contraception also did not affect alpha-amylase
activity. Despite the difference between activity values, all the samples shown to be effective digesting
glycogen. However in some slides it was observed epithelial cells contamination.
Conclusion: Salivary alpha-amilase activity is not influenced by menstrual cycle or by the use of
contraceptives. Although discouraged, salivary amilase can be used in histochemical stains for glycogen
digestion.
References
1. Alagendran, S., Archunan, G., Armando, E. O. B., & Guzman, R. G. (2010). Evaluation of salivary electrolytes during
normal menstrual cycle with special reference to ovulation. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(8), 1066.
2. Ekström, J., Khosravani, N., Castagnola, M., & Messana, I. (2012). Saliva and the Control of Its Secretion. In O. Ekberg
(Ed.), Dysphagia (pp. 19-47): Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
3. Alagendran, S., Archunan, G., Armando, E. O. B., & Guzman, R. G. (2010). Evaluation of salivary electrolytes during
normal menstrual cycle with special reference to ovulation. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(8), 1066
145
P52: Cardiovascular rehabilitation program: The influence on cognitive and executive function,
kyphotic index, joint range of tibiotarsal and balance
Miguel Carneiro1, Ágata Vieira2, Andreia Noites2, Jorge Machado3, Cristina Melo2, Joaquim Gabriel4, Sofia
Viamonte5
1School
3Department of Immunophysiology, Biomedical Science Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
4Labiomep, LAETA, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
5Northern Rehabilitation Center, Portugal; Biomedical Sciense Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease arises from pathological changes, such as atherosclerosis, and
continues to be the main cause of mortality, as coronary artery disease that is responsible for 20% of
deaths each year. Cardiovascular rehabilitation programs have several phases, and the last one, the
maintenance phase, which aims are to implement healthy lifestyles habits on people.
Objectives: To analyze the influence of a specific exercise program, in the maintenance phase of a
Cardiovascular rehabilitation program, home-based during six months, on cognitive and executive
function, kyphotic index, joint range of tibiotarsal and balance.
Materials and Methods: Experimental study on subjects with coronary artery disease, followed in Centro
Hospitalar do Porto. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group (n=11), that has done
all specific exercise program, and control group (n=12), that has done only the educational component.
The evaluation included the cognitive and executive function (Trail Making Test, Verbal Digit Span and
Stroop Test), balance (Star Excursion Balance Test and One-Leg-Standing), joint range of tibiotarsal and
kyphotic index. This review was carried out in three stages, namely an initial moment (M0), after 3 months
(M1) and after 6 months (M2). It was used descriptive and inferential statistics to compare groups, as well
as to analyze the intragroup evolution, using in all variables nonparametric tests. The significance level
was 0,05.
Results and Discussion: After 6 months, significant improvements were found in the experimental group
in executive function, specifically in the Set Shifting component (p=0.009), and also in lateral position
(p=0.011) in right leg and anterolateral (p=0.032), lateral (p=0.037) and posterior lateral (p=0.002)
positions in left leg of Star Excursion Balance Test.
Conclusion: In this sample, the implementation of this home-based specific exercise program during 6
months demonstrated benefits on executive function, including cognitive flexibility, and dynamic balance.
References
1. ACSM. (2014). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Oerkild, B., Frederiksen, M., Hansen, J. F., Simonsen, L., Skovgaard, L. T., & Prescott, E. (2011). Home-based
cardiac rehabilitation is as effective as centre-based cardiac rehabilitation among elderly with coronary heart disease:
results from a randomised clinical trial. Age and ageing, 40(1), 78-85.
3. Stahle, A., & Cider, A. (2010). Coronary Artery Disease. In P. A. f. P. A.-C. Johan (Ed.), Physical Activity in the
Prevention and Treatment of Disease (pp. 283-300). Swedish.
146
P53: The influence of upper limb lever in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position
on the wall
Paulo de Carvalho1, António Mesquita Montes1, Carlos Crasto1, Pedro Barbosa1, Patrícia Peres1
1Department
Introduction: The push-up has been extensively studied regarding scapular stabilizers. However, certain
variations of push-up position still need further study.
Objectives: To analyze the influence of different levers of the upper limb - hands and forearms support in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position on the wall, as well as to analyze the
electromyographic differences between protraction and retraction phases of the scapulas.
Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on 20 healthy college students.
Participants performed both push-up phases on the wall, in isometric contraction, with both levers. Muscle
activity of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), latissimus dorsi (LD) and serratus anterior (SA)
from the dominant upper limb were recorded by surface electromyography and analyzed through
AcqKnowledge software. The UT/SA, UT/LT and LD/LT ratios were also analyzed. Statistically, Wilcoxon
Signed-Rank test and Friedman ANOVA test were used, both with a significance level of 0,05.
Results and Discussion: Among levers, SA activity was significantly higher with forearms support in
protraction (p<0.001) and there were no significant differences concerning LT. The UT/SA ratio in
protraction was lower with forearms support (p=0.002); the UT/LT and LD/LT ratios in retraction were low,
but there were no significant differences among levers. Between phases, in both levers, SA activity was
higher in protraction (p<0.001) while UT and LT activity were higher in retraction (UT: p<0.001 for hands,
p=0.001 for forearms; LT: p<0.001).
Conclusion: In push-up position on the wall, protraction seems to recruit higher SA activity, more
selectively with forearms support. Retraction seems to recruit higher LT activity, in a selective way, even
though it’s not significantly influenced by the two levers.
References
1. Cricchio, M., & Frazer, C. (2011). Scapulothoracic and scapulohumeral exercises: a narrative review of
electromyographic studies. Journal of Hand Therapy, 24(4), 322-334.
147
P54: Supporting the personal autonomy of children with autism spectrum disorder: a software
system design and development
Betania Groba1, Laura Nieto1, Thais Pousada1, Cristian Robert Munteanu1, Javier Pereira1, Alejandro
Pazos1, Cristina Queirós2 & António Marques3
1Centre
of Medical Informatics and Radiological Diagnosis (IMEDIR), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A
Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
Portugal
3Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory of School of Allied Health Technologies , Porto Polytechnic Institute,
Portugal
Introduction: Technology attracts the interest of children with ASD. Health professionals and developers
are interested to design programs facilitating daily lives of individuals with ASD. However, some special
requirements must be considered on software design process for people with ASD.
Objectives: To describe principles and decision making of an interactive software design process for
children with ASD.
Materials and Methods: This research focused on software development and design process, studying
scientific evidence and consultation/testing done by specialists, children with ASD and their families. Data
were collected using observation, interview, group discussions and field notes.
Results and Discussion: The study developed a design guide that includes evidences, basic ideas and
suggestions for ASD Module. It was translated into 10 guidelines for consider when developing technology
for people with ASD (ex: software and its contents are based on a person's abilities, desires and interests;
the information is displayed in a multimodal way, visual and auditory, and it is adapted according to the
sensory style preferred by each child). Future research is need, focused on quantitative measures of large
samples of children with ASD’ responses to stimuli related to software design, and also about the meaning
that children with ASD, families and professionals give to technology as therapeutic tool.
Conclusion: These guidelines for technology design provide useful information for researchers,
developers, social/healthcare professionals and families, aiming to help children with ASD to easier
understanding daily life.
References
1. Den Brok, W.L., & Sterkenburg, P.S. (2014). Self-controlled technologies to support skill attainment in persons
with an autism spectrum disorder and/or an intellectual disability: a systematic literature review. Disability and
Rehabilitation Assistive Technology,22,1-10.
2. Porayska-Pomsta, K., Frauenberger, C., Pain, H., Rajendran, G., Smith, T., Menzies, R., et al. (2012). Developing
technology for autism: an interdisciplinary approach. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,16(2),117-127.
148
P55: Hand hygiene efficiency: comparison between paper towels and hot air dryers
Céu Leitão, Fábia Moizão, João Fernandes, Inês Santos, Mara Borralho, Fernando Bellém
Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa,
Portugal
Introduction: One of the most important and key strategies for controlling epidemic diseases is efficient
hand hygiene. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention wet hands are able to transfer
pathogenic microorganisms faster than dry or unwashed hands (Huang, C., 2012). Several authors have
compared the effectiveness of drying hands with paper towels and hot air dryers, reaching different
conclusions.
Objectives: Evaluate the efficiency of two different hand drying methods, namely paper towels and hot air
dryers on removing the existent microorganisms.
Materials and Methods: Fifty one (51) students aged among 18 and 25 years, from a Health School were
studied. Hands were washed with non-antimicrobial soap (WHO, 2009) and dried with the two mentioned
methods, during 30s. Fingers and palms hands pressed blood agar plates, before and after drying
process. Plates were than incubated at 35±2ºC for 21±3 hours. All existing colonies removed with a swab
and prepared with sterile saline suspensions were analyzed with a spectrophotometer (485 nm).
Results and Discussion: The results obtained confirmed a significant reduction of bacterial growth after
both methods. However the hot air dryers endorsed a decrease of 19.07% of bacterial growth whereas the
paper towels resulted in a significant reduction of 42.30%. Divergence observed between the methods
may be associated to the inability of the hand dryers to completely dry the hands while paper towels
eliminates humidity more efficiently and also drag out the persistent microorganisms.
Conclusion: The more efficient method is paper towels.
References
1. Huang, C. Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence. Mayo Clinic
Proceedings, 2012 Agosto; 87(8): 791-798.
2. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care First Global Patient Safety
Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care, 2009.
149
P56: SureThin as a fixative for impression cytology of ocular specimens
Paula Mendonça, Kátia Freitas, Leonor Almeida, Maria Silva
Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa,
Portugal
Introduction: Impression cytology of ocular surface is a minimally invasive technique that allows the
analysis of conjunctival and corneal cells, as an alternative to smears and punches.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the best type of fixative for impression cytology of ocular
samples – SureThin, 95% Ethanol and a mixture of 37% Formalin, glacial acetic acid and 70% Ethanol
(70% FAA).
Materials and Methods: 200 samples of conjunctival layer of bulb pertaining to 50 volunteers were
analysed. The samples were collected on a strip of cellulose acetate from Millipore, then fixed and stained
with Papanicolaou stain. The slides were analysed by three independent evaluators using an evaluation
grid with the following parameters: cell size, detail and cytoplasmic membrane, detail and nuclear
membrane, ratio N/C and stain affinity (scale from 0 to 2). The final score of the slides referred to the sum
of all aforementioned parameters. The statistical tests applied were One-Way ANOVA ( = 0.05) and
Games-Howell.
Results and Discussion: SureThin obtained the highest score in all parameters (score of 2). The 70%
FAA, SureThin and 95% Ethanol fixed samples obtained an average score of 4.67 (s=10.51), 36.41
(s=9.01) and 6.59 (s=9.61) respectively. It was verified that there were statistically significant differences
between the three fixatives (p=,000). These results refute the existing studies that indicate 95% Ethanol
and 70% FAA as the ideal fixatives.
Conclusion: SureThin fixative proved to be the ideal in impression cytology of ocular samples.
References
1. Melamed, M. R., & Koss, L. G. (2006). The Eyelids and External Surface of the Eye. In Koss Diagnostic Cytology
and Its Histopathologic Bases (pp. 1509-1520)
150
P57: Environmental epigenetics and Daphnia as a model organism
Ana Rita Pereira, Regina A. Silva, Piedade Barros
CISA Centre of Health and Environmental Research; ESTSP- School of Allied Health Technologies,
Introduction: Daphnia’s cyclic parthenogenesis life cycle is controlled by environmental cues and
determines the population genetic variability. The asexual reproduction maintains the genetic background.
This, allied to the fact that epigenetic changes were already described in Daphnia turns it in a useful model
to study the effect of epigenetic changes in the organism.
Objectives: The purpose of this work is to systematically review the literature on the advantages and
constraints of using Daphnia species response, to study the epigenetic effects of environmental stressors.
Results and Discussion: Several characteristics of Daphnia can be epigenetic regulated (helmet and
neckteeth formation, growth, fertility, sex). Helmet and neckteeth formation are induced defenses triggered
by chemicals, even in neonates not exposed. Reproduction and growth was shown to decrease when
Daphnia were exposed to several chemicals, as well as in progeny not exposed. Several chemicals have
a known effect on DNA methylation and gene transcription. Some decrease the DNA methylation rate,
propagating this effect to the next two generations and even increasing the effect in successive
generation’s exposures. In other cases an acclimation response was observed. Some authors are also
trying to detect the genes that are differentially transcribed after toxic exposure in order to know what
possible biological mechanism may be altered. However transgenerational epigenetic effect must be
interpreted very carefully, since the transference of epigenetic modifications between generations can only
be proven if these modifications are still present in the F3 generations.
Conclusion: Epigenetic changes in Daphnia are only beginning to be studied. It was proven that alteration
of epigenetic status of Daphnia is possible after the exposure to several chemicals.
References
1. Agrawal, A. A., Laforsch, C., & Tollrian, R. (1999). Transgenerational induction of defences in animals and plants.
Nature, 401(6748), 60-63.
2. Harris, K. D. M., Bartlett, N. J., & Lloyd, V. K. (2012). Daphnia as an emerging epigenetic model organism.
Genetics research international, 2012.
3. Vandegehuchte, M. B., Lemiere, F., Vanhaecke, L., Vanden Berghe, W., & Janssen, C. R. (2010). Direct and
transgenerational impact on Daphnia magna of chemicals with a known effect on DNA methylation. Comp Biochem
Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 151(3), 278-285.
151
P58: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate modifications associated with time and utilized anticoagulants
Joana C. Franco, Patrícia R. Anunciação, Sílvia P. Branco, Joana C. Lopes, Ana Almeida, Renato Abreu
Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Introduction: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) measures non-specific acute phase response
components which allows to evaluate the presence of inflammatory processes with diagnostic and
therapeutic value. ESR is a simple and inexpensive test, widely utilized in the field of Hematology, whose
changes to values outside the reference limits should always be evaluated in the clinical setting. This test
measures the height of the erythrocytes layer in a sample of anticoagulated venous blood which settles in
a graduated tube during a predetermined period of time. The International Standardization in Hematology
(ICSH) established as the ESR standard method a technique suggested by Westergreen in 1920.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects endorsed by different anticoagulants, namely
sodium citrate, EDTA and EDTA diluted in sodium citrate, on ESR and to evaluate the influence of time.
Materials and Methods: In order to perform this study three blood samples were collected from 36
individuals, each with the studied anticoagulants. The samples were analyzed using the Westregren
method. Statistical analysis was performed using Correlation, linear regression and Student's t-Tests.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained demonstrated significant changes in the ESR
determinations depending on the utilized anticoagulant. The higher ESR observed was obtained with
EDTA. Moreover, the ESR observed with EDTA diluted in sodium citrate was decreased in relation to
sodium citrate (Williams hematology, 2010). Additionally the analysis of the ERS in relation to time showed
that it follows a sigmoid curve and tended to plateau after a certain value (75min).(Williams hematology,
2010)
Conclusion: Anticoagulants endorse significant changes in ESR determinations which emphasizes the
importance and necessity to utilize different r levels according to the utilized method.
References
1. Greer, P, J., Foerster, John, Lukens, N, J.,Bertil. (2004). Wintrobe’s clinical hematology (11th ed.). Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
152
P59: Physical activity and low back pain in former athletes
Miguel Fleming1, Leonor G. Miranda1, Rosa Oliveira1,2, Isabel Machado1, Sabrina Cunha1, Daniela Silva1
1School
2Faculty
of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The majority of guidelines accentuates the regular physical activity and exercise as a
protective factor in chronic pelvic low back pain. Surprisingly, there is some controversy about the possible
protective role of physical activity (PA) in low back pain.
Objectives: To compare physical activity between former athletes with and without nonspecific chronic
pelvic low back pain. To analyze the relationship between physical activity and functional low back pain
disability in former athletes with nonspecific chronic pelvic low back pain.
Materials and Methods: This is an observational study in federated former athletes (n = 314), mostly
male (52.2%) with mean (SD) age of 24.1(6.96) years. Study assessments were performed through an
online questionnaire, encompassing the Portuguese versions of IPAQ and the Oswestry Low Back Pain.
Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results and Discussion: Almost 50% of the subjects reported nonspecific chronic pelvic low backpain
(49.05%), mostly in female gender (55.8%; p=0.007). Participants with low back pain reported higher
physical activity levels (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that moderate PA (p<0.001) and sex
(p<0.001) explains 10.8% of the total variability of the functional low backpain disability.
Conclusion: Physical activity seems to be related to functional disability in former athletes with
nonspecific chronic pelvic low backpain. Nevertheless, further research is needed to corroborate these
results.
References
1. Handrakis, J.; Friel, K.; Hoeffner, F.; Akinkunle, O.; Genova, V.; Isakov, E. et al. (2012) Key characteristics of low
back pain and disability in college-aged adults: a pilot study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,
93(7):1217-24.
2. Chen, S.; Liu, M.; Cook, J.; Bass, S.; Lo, S. (2009) Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for low back pain: a
systematic review. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 82(7):797-806
153
AGEING AND SUSTAINABILITY
154
P60: Utility of a smartphone application in the execution of Basic Life Support algorithm exploratory study
Ana Cardoso1, Vânia Ribeiro2
1School
Department, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
2Cardiology
Presenting author: ana [email protected]
Introduction: The cardiac arrest is the interruption of blood flow that occurs as a result of sudden and
unexpected interruption of the heartbeat or the presence of inefficient heartbeats. The Basic Life Support
(BLS) includes an algorithm about recognizing of signs of cardiac arrest and rapid and effective start of
resuscitation maneuvers.
Objectives: Verify the utility of a smartphone application in the fast and effective execution of the BLS.
Materials and Methods: Fifty participants, all skilled in BLS, performed the BLS algorithm before and
after using one smartphone application with the BLS algorithm. The Hands Off Time (HOT - time until
beginning chest compressions), was calculated, and was given 0-15 score to evaluate if the survival chain
links were executed effectively and through the correct sequence.
Results and Discussion: None of the participants fully executed the algorithm correctly before using the
smartphone application. The Hands off Time was 01:22(0:40) min and 00:45(0:16) min (p <0.001) and a
mean score of 9.4(3.3) and 13.5(2.3) (p <0.001) before and after using the application, respectively.
Conclusion: The use of smartphone application with the BLS algorithm has contributed to correct and
efficient execution of BLS, reducing Hands Off Time. The use of encouragement strategies, using
technology for the implementation of BLS in cardiac arrest situation allows a fast and effective action,
giving confidence to the rescuer. This way, we can increase the percentage of possible rescuers and
increasing survival rate of cardiac arrest victims.
Conclusion: The use of smartphone application has contributed to correct and efficient execution of BLS,
decreasing HOT. Encouragement strategies using technology for implementation of BLS in cardiac arrest
situation allows a fast and effective action, giving confidence to the rescuer. This way, we can increase the
percentage of bystanders recuers and increasing survival rate of cardiac arrest victims.
References
1. Rossler, B. (2013). Can a flowchart improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Resuscitation,
pp. 982-986
2. Iserbyt, P. (2014). Learning basic life support (BLS) with tablet PCs in reciprocal learning at school: Are videos
superior to pictures? A randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation, pp. 809-813
3. Wutzler, A. (2014). Performance of chest compressions with the use of a new audio-visual feedback devices: A
randomized manikin study in health care professionals. Official Journal of the European Resuscitation Council
155
P61: Frailty – Prediction of quality of life in a two year follow-up
Joana Pinho1, Bruno Domingues1,Tiago Coelho2
1School
Therapy Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Occupational
Introduction: Frailty is a state of high vulnerability that entails a high risk of clinically significant adverse
outcomes. Traditional approaches define frailty as an exclusively physical condition. More recently, frailty
has been defined by Gobbens as a multidimensional state as affecting the individual, who experiences
loss of one or more domains of human functioning (physical, psychological, or social).
Objectives: To examine how frailty (measured as a multidimensional state contributes to the prediction of
life quality in a two year follow-up, in a sample of community-dwelling elderly.
Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was performed using a non-probabilistic sample of 110
individuals aged 65 years and older. Frailty was measured at baseline with the Tilburg Frailty Indicator
(TFI) and quality of life was assessed at baseline and follow-up (two years later) with the WHOQOL-OLD
and EUROHIS-QOL-8. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted.
Results and Discussion: The elderly’s average age was of 77.6±6.9, and most were women (75.5%)
and widowers (56.4%). Frailty at baseline significantly contributed to the prediction of quality of life at
follow-up, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, life-events, comorbidity, satisfaction with
home living environment and quality of life at baseline. Generally speaking and as in previous studies,
higher frailty is associated with a lower quality of life. Regarding the contribution of each frailty domain, the
social domain was the only one to predict quality of life, after adjusting for covariates.
Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that a multidimensional, holistic, view of frailty significantly
predicted quality of life in a two year follow-up in a community-dwelling elderly. This evidence highlights
the importance of screening for frailty in order to implement timely interventions.
References
1. Gobbens, R. J., & van Assen, M. A. (2012). Frailty and its prediction of disability and health care utilization: The
added value of interviews and physical measures following a self-report questionnaire. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 55(2),
369-379. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.04.008
2. Gobbens, R. J., van Assen, M. A., Luijkx, K. G., & Schols, J. M. (2012). The Predictive Validity of the Tilburg Frailty
Indicator: Disability, Health Care Utilization, and Quality of Life in a Population at Risk. Gerontologist, 52(5), 619-631.
doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr135
3. Tiago Coelho, C. P., Robbert J. J. Gobbens, Lia Fernandes. (2015). Frailty as a predictor of short-term adverse
outcomes. PeerJ.
156
P62: Frailty – Prediction of disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily
living in a two year follow-up
Bruno Domingues1, Joana Pinho1,Tiago Coelho2
1School
Therapy Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Occupational
Introduction: Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability, which entails a high risk of impairment and
disability. There is currently no consensus regarding the characterization of frailty, but in a more current
perspective, developed by Gobbens, frailty is defined as a dynamic state that affects the individual who
experiences loss in one or more domains (physical, psychological and/ or social).
Objectives: To examine how frailty contributes to the prediction of disability in activities daily living (ADL)
and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in a two year follow-up in a sample of community-dwelling
elderly.
Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 110 individuals aged 65 years or older. The
selected measures were the Barthel Index, the Lawton and Brody Scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator.
Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, with
p<0.05. Initially they compared the characteristics of the sample of elderly that participated in the follow-up
to that did not participate, by t-test, chi-square test and Fisher test. Hierarchical multiple regression
analysis was performed to adjust for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and live event related
variables, comorbidity and disability at baseline.
Results and Discussion: The average age of the participants was 77.6±6.9 years and most were women
(75.5%). Frailty has contributed significantly to the prediction of disability in IADL (p<0.05), but not to the
prediction of disability in ADL (p=0.26). By analyzing the contribution of each frailty domain for prediction,
it was found that only the social domain was significant (p<0.05) for the prediction. These results highlight
the importance of defining frailty as a multidimensional state, instead of an exclusively physical condition,
which results from traditional approaches to frailty (Gobbens & Assen, 2014; R. J. Gobbens et al., 2010).
Conclusion: Frailty predicted disability in IADL. This study reinforces the importance of screening for
frailty in order to implement timely interventions and prevent the loss of functionality and disability.
References
1. Gobbens, & Assen, M. A. L. M. v. (2014). The Prediction of ADL and IADL Disability
Using Six Physical
Indicators of Frailty: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research.
2. Gobbens, R. J., van Assen, M. A., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T., & Schols, J. M. (2010). Determinants of
frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 11(5), 356-364. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2009.11.008
157
P63: The influence of aging on muscle activation timing during backward stepping
Vítor Ribeiro, Cristina Melo, António Montes, Carlos Crasto and Rita Santos
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Aging process seems to influence postural control negatively, which has great importance
on stepping response after external perturbation.
Objectives: Verify the influence of aging on muscle activation timing in backward stepping, after
unexpected external disturbance.
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study in three groups: Young adults (YG) (n = 9), Adults (AG)
(n=9) and Older adults (OAG) (n=10). External disturbance, to provoke backwards stepping, it was
performed with 7.5% of body weight load. It was evaluated the activation timings of erector spinae (ES),
transversus abdominis/internal oblique (Tra/IO), gluteus medius (GluM), bíceps femoris (BF), rectus
femoris (RF), medial gastrocnemius (MGas), tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL), on the ipsi
(IPSI) and contralateral (CON) side of the stepping, by surface electromyography. It was used a
significance level of 0.05.
Results and Discussion: Comparing the 3 groups there were no significant differences on activation time
between them, except on CON MGas activation time (AT) that was significantly lower in AG compared
with OAG, due to structural and functional deterioration in nerve conduction resulting from aging. Both YG
and OAG revealed CON ES AT significantly lower than IPSI ES representing greater muscle postural
control on CON side for stepping. OAG IPSI Tra/IO presented AT significantly lower than CON Tra/OI
while AG presented CON Tra/IO AT significantly lower than IPSI Tra/OI seeming that this muscle is
recruited in AG to ensure greater stability to the steady limb what does not happened in OAG revealing
decreased ability to maintain postural control. During backwards stepping as age increases the number of
anticipatory postural adjustments decreases, increasing compensatory postural adjustments, due to
structural and functional deterioration in nerve conduction resulting from aging.
Conclusion: Muscle activation timing, in backward stepping, after unexpected external disturbance did
not seem to be influenced by age.
References
1. Crenshaw, J. R., & Grabiner, M. D. (2014). The influence of age on the thresholds of compensatory stepping and
dynamic stability maintenance. Gait Posture, 40(3), 363-368. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.001
2. Graham, D. F., Carty, C. P., Lloyd, D. G., Lichtwark, G. A., & Barrett, R. S. (2014). Muscle contributions to
recovery from forward loss of balance by stepping. J Biomech, 47(3), 667-674. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.11.047
3. Papegaaij, S., Taube, W., Baudry, S., Otten, E., & Hortobágyi, T. (2014). Aging causes a reorganization of cortical
and spinal control of posture. Front Aging Neurosci, 6, 28. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00028
158
P64: Frailty – Prediction of institutionalization and health care utilization in a two years follow-up
Isabel Azevedo1, Tiago Coelho2
1School
2Department
Introduction: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that refers to a state of high vulnerability to stressor events.
Although most of approaches define frailty as a physical condition, more recent conceptualizations define
frailty as a multidimensional condition that affects an individual who experiences losses in one or more
domains of human functioning (physical, psychological, or social).
Objectives: To examine how frailty (measured as multidimensional syndrome contributes to the prediction
of institutionalization and health care utilization in a two year follow-up, in a sample of community-dwelling
elderly.
Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was performed using a non-probabilistic sample of 124
individuals aged 65 years and older. Frailty was assessed at baseline with the Tilburg Frailty Indicator
(TFI). Two years later, participants were contacted again to ascertain if they were institutionalized or not,
and a questionnaire was used to assess their previous health care utilization. Logistic regressions were
conducted.
Results and Discussion: The sample consisted mostly (74.2%) of women (mean age: 77.9±7.1). It was
found a significant association between frailty and two indicators of health care utilization (hospitalization
and receiving personal care from a professional). The same did not happen between frailty and
institutionalization. Through the logistic regression analysis, it was found that frail individuals at baseline
were 4.47 more likely to have reported hospitalization (odds ratio 4.5; 95% CI 1.5–13.2; p < 0.01) and 3.1
more likely to have reported receiving personal care from a professional at follow-up (odds ratio 3.1; 95%
CI 1.0–9.4; p <0.05). These results support the hypothesis of frailty increasing ones’ vulnerability and need
for care.
Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that a multidimensional, holistic, view of frailty significantly
predicted hospitalization and receiving personal care from a professional in a two year follow-up in
community-dwelling elderly. This evidence highlights the importance of screening for frailty in order to
implement timely interventions.
References
1. Gobbens, R. J., & van Assen, M. A. (2012). Frailty and its prediction of disability and health care utilization: The
added value of interviews and physical measures following a self-report questionnaire. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 55(2),
369-379.
2. Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., et al. (2001) Frailty n older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A
Biol Sci Med Sci. 56: M146-56.
3. Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M.O., Rockwood, K. (2013).Frailty in elderly people. Lancet, 381 (9868):
752-62 [PubMed PMID: 23395245].
159
P65: Nurses and Speech Therapist in Continuing Care Units: the relevance of working together
with patients who have communication deficits.
Diana Duarte1, Ana Maria Peixoto2
1School
of Speech-Language Therapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
2Department
Introduction: The difficulty of oral expression through verbal communication is a characteristic of patients
admitted in the Continuing Care Units. In these situations the physical needs are mainly ensured by
nurses. However communicative difficulties are not always considered essential to meet their needs or
comfort. Studies carried out in the communication area describe the communicative process within the
institutions as unidirectional, mostly controlled by caregivers and centralized in healthcare, which may be a
consequence of little knowledge about the communication disorders. Objectives: This literature review
aims to understand the current communication difficulties among the nurses working in Continuing Care
and patients with communication difficulties and define the relevance of the intervention of the Speech
Therapist.
Materials/Methods: Narrative review of scientific articles dated from 2003 to 2012 in English or
Portuguese-language searched in PubMed and Elservier, using the key-words “communication difficulties”
and “Continuing Care Units”. Only 12 articles met the criteria.
Results and Discussion: it is proved that nurses feel communication difficulties when providing health
care, especially in appealing to alternative strategies of nonverbal communication. The results proved that
the team work between the Speech Therapist and Nurses is essential to provide the maximum comfort as
far as communication issues are concerned and a better quality of life for the patient and his family.
Conclusion: The results show that the professionals do not have the knowledge required to use
strategies that facilitate communication, continuously excluding patients with communication difficulties
from the therapeutic process and from the decision making. The work of the Speech Therapist is important
to create strategies that provide more effective communication.
References
1. Burns, M. I., Baylor, C. R., Morris, M. A., McNalley, T. E., & Yorkston, K. M. (2012). Training healthcare providers
in patient–provider communication: What speech-language pathology and medical education can learn from one
another. Aphasiology.
160
P66: Comparing the effects of two different intervention programs on the level of anxiety and
depression in elderly individuals
Ana Sofia Silva, Bibiana Oliveira, Paula Matos, Daniela Lopes, Paula Portugal, Tiago Coelho, Ângela
Fernandes, Rubim Santos
Introduction: Throughout the process of aging, there are several changes that can cause postural
instability or balance disability, increasing the number of falls in elderly. Falls may lead to different
consequences, such as high levels of depression and anxiety.
Objectives: This study aims to compare an Occupational Therapy (OT) balance intervention program and
an intervention program exclusively consisting of balance training with the Biodex Balance System (BBS),
regarding their effect on the level of anxiety and depression.
Materials and Methods: A randomized comparative trial was performed using a probabilistic sample of 22
community-dwelling individuals, aged 60 years or older. The participants were divided into two groups:
Group 1 - balance training using the BBS (6 sessions); Group 2 - Balance training through OT sessions (6
sessions). The groups were assessed in two moments: pre and post intervention. Hospital anxiety and
depression scale (HADS) was used to assess levels of anxiety and depression. Statistical analysis
consisted of a two factors repeated measures ANOVA, after having checked all the assumptions of this.
Results and Discussion: The average age of the control group was 76,4 years (±7.2), and in the
experimental group it was 74 years (±6.8). In this study significant results were observed for the HADS
score, between pre and post intervention (p<0.05). It was also observed that the averages in HADS score
decreased after intervention, when compared with the results obtained in pre intervention. These results
highlight the importance of defining effective therapeutic interventions programs in order to improve
mobility and balance related skills, and in consequence reduce anxiety and depression in older individuals.
Conclusion: Both interventions had a positive effect on the participants’ levels of anxiety and depression.
The effect was similar for both interventions. Future studies should assess the effects of longer
intervention programs and in larger samples.
References
1. Cabral, M. V., Ferreira, P. M., Silva, P. A., Jerónimo, P., & Marques, T. (Junho de 2013). Processos de
envelhecimento em portugal - Usos do tempo, redes sociais e condições de vida.
2. Paula, A. K., Fernandes, F. B., & Souza, I. F. (2014). Fatores associados às alterações do equilíbrio no idoso e a
intervenção da terapia ocupacional.
3. Mota Santos, A. M. (Outubro de 2012). Quedas em idosos institucionalizados.
161
P67: Age related hearing loss in Portugal: methods and mutations
Marisa Pereira1,2, M. Aparicio3; Tiago Matos1, M. Antunes4; Graça Fialho1, Helena Caria1,5
1Deafness
Group, BioISI, FCUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal
3FCUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal
4CEAUL, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal
5School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
2School
Introduction: Presbycusis is a multifactorial disease that represents the damage of intrinsic and extrinsic
factors, acting in the inner ear through life. Presbyacusis or age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is estimated
to affect up to 1.5 billion of people aged 60 by 2025.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to genetically characterize individuals with presbycusis, for GJB6,
NAT2, GRM7 genes and mtDNA haplogroups in order to evaluate contributions to ARHL diagnosis
Materials and Methods: DNA was obtained from blood samples of Portuguese individuals >65. All
subjects signed an informed consent, fill a survey and perform audiological evaluation. HVS1 region was
sequenced for mtDNA haplogroup (mtDNA Haplogroup Analysis) estimation. GJB6 analysis was assessed
by Multiplex PCR. NAT2 and GRM7 analysis was performed by qPCR. NAT2 phenotype was determined
using software NAT2PRED
Results and Discussion: We screen samples from 318 individuals (25.5% man and 74.5% women). The
del(GJB6-D13S1830) was present in 0.87% of the individuals. Haplogroup H was the most common
observed (54.3%) in our sample. This haplogroup was associated with an average severity of HL of 39.42
dB. Significant differences (p< 0.001, binomial exact test) were found between both sexes. T allele at
GRM7 was the most observed (94.3%) in our sample. Slow acetylation phenotype was the most common
(55.7%) observed in NAT2 gene, and corresponds to an average HL of 29.40 dB in our sample.
Conclusion: Haplogroup H is associated to average severity hearing loss. Results for NAT2 gene were in
accordance with expected for European populations. The T allele of GRM7 gene associated to ARHL, was
the most common in our sample. Consequently the A allele, observed only in 6 individuals with an average
HL of < 30 dB, points to a possible protective role of A allele of GRM7 gene.
162
P68: Polypharmacy and adherence to therapy in elderly
Inês Geraldo1, Olívia R. Pereira1, Isabel C. Pinto1,2
1Department
Bragança, Portugal
Introduction: Polypharmacy, consists of the simultaneous and chronic use of different drugs, is frequent
in elderly people (age≥ 65 years) and commits the patient's adherence to therapy, necessary to a
successfully treatment.
Objectives: Review the scientific evidences of adherence to therapy and polypharmacy in elderly, since
this age group is more vulnerable to the use of different drugs.
Materials and Methods: A review of published studies between 2005 and July 2015 was carried out using
the Pubmed, B-on and SciELO databases, to search the following terms: elderly, polypharmacy, multidrug,
polymedicated elderly and therapy adherence. It was used as exclusion criteria: age under 65, seniors not
polymedicated, studies in other languages than Portuguese or English, studies published before 2005. Of
the 31 studies initially selected, 8 were excluded as meeting any of the exclusion criteria and 23 articles
were included in the review.
Results and Discussion: The aging process is associated to various diseases, contributing to
polypharmacy. In fact, more than half of elderly taking four or more drugs daily and this number increase
with the age. Other important problem related to polypharmacy in elderly is the therapy adherence.
Besides the variations between studies, the authors indicate values of non-adherence between 20 and
60%, which results in a range of health problems arising out of the increasing of adverse effects, drugdrug interactions, being this risk associated to the number of drugs consumed.
Conclusion: More than half of elderly are polymedicated, with a considerable proportion of elderly nonadherent to therapy, which is associated with consequent health risks.
References
1. Sousa, S. et al (2011). Polimedicação em Doentes Idosos: Adesão à Terapêutica. Revista Portuguesa de Clínica
Geral, 27, 176-182.
2. Eiras, A. et al (2015). Consumption of drugs in over 65 in Porto (Portugal) and risk of potentially inappropriate
medication prescribing. Atención Primária, in press
163
P69: Comparing the effects of two balance intervention programs on the center of pressure
oscillation of elderly individuals
Bibiana Oliveira, Ana Sofia Silva, Ricardo Azevedo, Paula Matos, Tiago Coelho, Ângela Fernandes,
Daniela Lopes, Paula Portugal, Rubim Santos
Introduction: With the ageing process, changes occur that compromise mobility and balance. These
changes increase the risk of falls in the elderly. Thus, it is necessary to create and implement therapeutic
intervention programs to prevent falls and their adverse outcomes.
Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of an Occupational Therapy (OT) balance intervention
program and of a balance training program using the Biodex Balance System (BBS), on the oscillation of
the center of pressure (CP) in the standing position in elderly individuals.
community-dwelling individuals, aged 60 years or older. The participants were divided into two groups:
Group 1 – intervention with the BBS (6 sessions); Group 2 - intervention through OT sessions (6
sessions). The groups were assessed pre and post intervention. The oscillation of the CP in the standing
position was assessed with BBS assessment protocols. The results were statistically analyzed using a two
factors repeated measures ANOVA.
Results and Discussion: The sample consisted of 22 individuals with a mean ± SD age of 75.27 ± 6.60;
59.1% were female and only one used a walking aid. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no
statistically significant effects (p<0.05) of the intervention programs, regardless of the type of intervention
that was used. Considering that previous studies have found that similar interventions had a positive effect
on the oscillation of CP and balance, the results of the present study are possibly justified by the reduced
number of intervention sessions.
Conclusion: The effects of the different intervention programs were not evident. Future studies should
assess the effects of longer intervention programs and in larger samples. This is important for the
development of interventions that effectively improve balance and reduce the risk of falling in elderly
individuals.
References
1. Clemson, L., Singh, M., Bundy, A., Cumming, R., Weissel, E., Munro, J., . . Black, D. (2010). LiFE Pilot Study: A
randomised trial of balance and strength training embedded in daily life activity to reduce falls in older adults.
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 42-50, p. 57.
2. Gusi, N., Corzo, H., Adsuar, J., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Olivares, P.,& Parraca, J. (2012). Balance training reduces fear
of falling and improves dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people: a randomised trial.
Journal of Physiotherapy, 58.
3. Meireles, A., Pereira, L., Oliveira, T., Christofoletti, G., & Fonseca, A. (2010). Alterações neurológicas fisiológicas
ao envelhecimento afetam o sistema mantenedor do equilíbrio. Rev Neurocienc, 1, pp. 103-108.
164
P70: Comparing the effects of two different intervention programs on mobility, balance and risk of
falls in elderly individuals
Ricardo Azevedo, Bibiana Oliveira, Ana Sofia Silva, Paula Matos, Tiago Coelho, Ângela Fernandes,
Daniela Lopes, Paula Portugal, Rubim Santos
Introduction: Mobility and balance impairments are frequent in old age. Consequently, elderly individuals
may present a higher risk of falling, which in turn can have dire consequences. Therefore, it is imperative
to implement effective therapeutic interventions in order to improve mobility and balance related skills of
older individuals and prevent falls.
Objectives: This study aims to compare an Occupational Therapy (OT) balance intervention program and
an intervention program exclusively consisting of balance training with the Biodex Balance System (BBS),
regarding their effect on the mobility, balance and risk of falling.
community-dwelling individuals attending the Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa – Vila Nova de Gaia, aged 60
years or older and mean age was 75 years. The participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 balance training using the BBS (6 sessions); Group 2 - Balance training through OT sessions (6 sessions).
The groups were assessed in two moments: pre and post intervention. Falls Efficacy Scale (FES),
Activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and TUG cognitive were
used as measures. Statistical analysis consisted of a two factors repeated measures ANOVA.
Results and Discussion: The sample consisted of 22 individuals with a mean ± SD age of 75.27 ± 6.60.
59.1% of participants were female and only one person used a walking aid. The ABC score significantly
(p<0.05) improved after the interventions, and this change was similar for both groups. This means that
both interventions had a similar positive effect on the participants’ confidence in their balance during the
performance of daily activities. These results may be positive considering that fear of falling is usually the
most important predictor of falls in elderly individuals. However, it is important that confidence in
performance is accompanied by effective change in performance ability, and this was not observed in this
study, as the effect of the intervention on the remaining variables was not significant.
Conclusion: Both interventions had a positive effect on the participants’ confidence in their balance during
the performance of daily activities. The effect was similar for both interventions. Future studies should
assess the effects of longer intervention programs and in larger samples.
References
1. Dutschke, G., Gomes, J.C., Combadão, J. & Jacobsohn, L. (2015). Developing a scale measuring Organizational
Happiness: content analysis and exploratory factorial analysis. In the proceedings of the 1st International Conference
Positive Organizational Communication: Empresa, liderazgo y comunicación interna. Universidad Loyola. Sevilla.
2. Fisher, C. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12, 384-412
3. Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 69, 719-727
165
NEW APPROACHES TO CHRONIC DISEASE
166
P71: Diabetes Mellitus type II risk assessment in northern Portugal
Maria Ribeiro1,3, Ângela Silva2, Armandina Penarroias2
1Department
2School
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II is a chronic disease with high prevalence of morbidity and
mortality therefore associated with high costs at primary health care level (Kalofoutis, Piperi, Kalofoutis,
Harris, Phoenix & Sing, 2007).
Objectives: To assess the risk of developing type II DM in residents from six localities in Northern
Portugal, in a timeline of 10 years.
Materials and Methods: It was developed a cross-sectional and descriptive study. A non-probabilistic
sample of 110 nondiabetic individuals was collected in northern Portuguese localities during September
2012 and January 2013. It was used the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Most participants were female
(71.8%), without professional activities (54.5%) and with ages between 18 and 91 years.
Results and Discussion: Results show a low-risk (15.5%); slight risk (22.7%); moderate risk (35.0%);
high risk (28.2%) and very high risk (1.8%) of developing type II DM in a period of ten year. Taking into
account the non-modifiable risk factors, it was found that 57.3% of participants had 64 years or more and
31.8% had a family history of 1st degree. In relation to modifiable risk factors, it was found a change in
body mass index (71.8%) and a change in waist circumference (78.2%). Moreover, it was found that
56.4% of the participants did not practice physical activity, 36.4% did not eat fruit and vegetables, 42.7%
did not take any medications for arterial hypertension and 9.1% never had measured glycemic level.
Conclusion: Early screening for DM type II and other chronic diseases allows the implementation of
strategies that set a priority to changing lifestyles reducing the risk and treatment costs associated with the
disease.
References
1. Kalofoutis, C.; Piperi, C.; Kalofoutis, A.; Harris, F. ; Phoenix, D. & Sing, J. (2007). Type II diabetes mellitus and
cardiovascular risk factors: Current therapeutic approaches. Exp Clin Cardiol.12(1): 17-28.
167
P72: Physical exercise and quality of life in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Sofia Lopes1, Cristina Mesquita1, Paula Santos1, Lavínia Gomes2
1Department
2School
Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease, chronic and systemic. AS
affects Quality of Life (QoL) negatively resulting in different degrees of disability. The factors that
contribute most to the decrease of QoL are the decline of functional capacity, increase of pain and
psychological changes. Exercise has proven to be essential in the control/reduction of symptomatology
and consequently improvement of QoL.
Objectives: Evaluate the effects of a specific exercise program in QoL in patients with AS.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study with 28 individuals with AS, divided
into group-based, home-based and group-control. All participants, except the group-control, did the
specific exercise program to AS for 12 weeks. Was used the Bath Indices and SF-36 in two moments M0
(before) and M1 (after). Was used the ANOVA and t test (parametric) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric)
for the intergroup analysis, and t test (parametric) and Wilcoxon (nonparametric) for intra-group analysis.
The significance value was 0.05.
Results and Discussion: The experimental (home-based and group-based) groups
showed
improvements in BASDAI and BASFI scores. There were significant differences among the three groups
only in BASMI (p=0.035) at M1. Considering QoL, the results of the experimental groups tended to
increase in M1, approaching the 100 (better QoL) and was found the following for group-based (physical
function=78.5; physical performance=81.25; physical pain=70.4; general health=57.9; vitality=61; social
function=86.25; emotional performance=80.83; mental health=78.4) and home-based (physical
function=82.5; physical performance=78.12; physical pain=64.3; general health=60.4; vitality=64.5; social
function=82.5; emotional performance=84.17; mental health=74). There were significant differences
among the three groups at M1 (physical function: p=0.002; physical performance: p<0.001; physical pain:
p=0.007; general health: p=0.017; vitality and social function: p=0.001; emotional performance: p=0.010;
mental health: p=0.011).
Conclusion: The performed exercise program was effective in producing changes in the QoL in both
experimental groups, being more evident in the group-based.
References
1. Analay, Y., Ozcan, E., Karan, A., Diracoglu, D., & Aydin, R. (2003). The effectiveness of intensive group exercise
on patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rehabil, 17(6), 631-636.
2. Bodur, H., Ataman, S., Rezvani, A., Bugdayci, D. S., Cevik, R., Birtane, M., & . . . Gunendi, Z. (2011). Quality of
life and related variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Quality Life Research, 20(4), 543-549.
168
P73: Dietary supplements in postpartum depression
Andreia Ferreira1, Agostinho Cruz2
1School
2Center
Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects about 15% of recent mothers, being one of the
causes nutritional deficiencies, which can, sometimes, be addressed using food supplementation.
Objectives: Gather more information about food supplements that can be used in the PPD. Identify the
main supplements/substances used in this pathology and look for scientific evidence.
Materials and Methods: Fill of 160 questionnaires by professionals working in Pharmacies, Drug stores
and Health food/Dietary of Aveiro and Porto municipalities, which intended to collect data on supplements
advised in DPP and contraindications (CI) / interactions of these. The final phase involved the search for
scientific evidence in databases.
Results and Discussion: The food suplements/substances most mentioned by the sample were omega 3
and 6 (9.33 – 28%), Centrum woman (8.33 – 25%) and 5-HTP (8 – 24%), whereas valerian (4.67 – 14%)
was the elected one, as far as plants are concerned. The most indicated CI was breastfeeding (12 –
23.53%) and the drug interactions were with antidepressants and anticoagulants (9 – 17.65%).
Imbalances in the amounts of vitamins, minerals and other substances ingested during or after pregnancy
may lead to the occurrence of PPD. According to the evidence, the use of vitamin supplements during
pregnancy can prevent the occurrence of postpartum depressive states. The mineral supplements and
other substances relate to the prevention and monotherapy or adjunctive therapy of PPD.
Conclusion: There are few studies on the use of dietary supplements in the PPD and the results of these
existing studies are, sometimes, controversial. The use of food supplements may decrease the probability
of PPD symptoms or even be combined in the treatment.
References
1. (APA), A. P. A. (2014). DSM-V-Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (Artmed Ed. 5ª Edição
ed.);
2. Bongiorno, P. B. (2005). Complementary and alternative medical treatment for depression. Biology of depression:
From novel insights to therapeutic strategies, 995-1022;
3. Zaneta M Pronsky, S. J. P. (2010). Food medications interactions.
169
P74: Muscle Energy Technique versus PNF: effectiveness on hamstring muscle stretching
Paula Silva, Rubim Santos1,2, Rui Macedo1,2
1Department
of Physiotherapy, Center of Studies of Human Movement and Human Activity,School of Allied Health
2Center of Studies of Human Movement and Human Activity, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic
Introduction: Although PNF´s Contract-Relax with Antagonist Contraction (CRAC) and Muscle Energy
Techniques (MET) increase muscle flexibility and Range of Motion (ROM), few studies compared their
effectiveness. They share several features but one major difference, the intensity of muscle contraction
prior to stretch, perceived maximum in CRAC, and a percentage of the perceived maximum in the MET.
Objectives:Confirm if CRAC and MET are effective in stretching the hamstring muscle in the short term, if
both are determine the most effective.
Materials and Methods:We conducted an experimental study with 45 volunteers randomly assigned to
groups CRAC (n=15), MET (n=15) and Control (n=15).We evaluated the passive knee extension range
before and after applying the techniques, using a goniometer. The isometric contraction of 40% was
measured with a hand-held dynamometer.
Results and Discussion: There was an effect of the techniques between assessments (ANOVA repeated
measures factor time: p <0.001) and between groups (time * group: p <0.001).Comparing the two by two
groups, there were differences between the CRAC and Control groups (Post Hoc Test Games-Howell: p =
0.001) and between the MET group and Control group (p = 0.009), with no differences between groups
CRAC and MET (p = 0.376).CRAC and MET groups achieved a gain of 10.7 º and 11.4 º, respectively,
with no significant differences between gains (Independent Student's T-Test: p = 0.599).
Conclusion: Both were effective in increasing the flexibility of the hamstring muscle in the short term, but
because of the lower complexity and lower request MET was considered more efficient.
References
1. Fryer, G. (2011). Muscle energy technique: An evidence-informed approach. International Journal Osteopathic
Medicine, 14(1), 3-9.
2. Mitchell, U. H., Myrer, J. W., Hopkins, J. T., Hunter, I., Feland, J. B., & Hilton, S. C. (2009). Neurophysiological
reflex mechanisms' lack of contribution to success of PNF stretches. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 18(3), 343-357.
170
P75: Cost-benefit analysis of a job rotation program: Identification and applicability of key
indicators.
Ana Sá1, Bibiana Martins2, Matilde A. Rodrigues1
1Department
2DELFINGEN PT – Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to repetitive work are common in the automotive
industry. In order to reduce the risk of MSDs, new strategies of work organization can be implemented,
such as a job rotation program. However, in some cases, employers and workers are little receptive to this
measure, being important to demonstrate its efficacy through a cost-benefit analysis.
Objectives: This work aims to identify and to test the applicability of the indicators that better explain the
cost-benefit impacts of a job rotation program in an automotive components plant.
Materials and Methods: The study was developed in an automotive components plant. The key
indicators for a cost-benefit analysis were identified: production level, junkyard, absenteeism, number of
occupational accidents, pain and discomfort, motivation and satisfaction, and training. Its applicability was
tested through a two-month case study, where a job rotation program was implemented in eight
workstations.
Results and Discussion: In general, results showed that the identified indicators are applied to the
company in study. Low differences in production data were found before and during the job rotation
program. Important improvements were found in pain, discomfort, motivation and satisfaction after the
implementation of this program. Junkyard and occupational accidents not suffered any change. Training
costs were also determined, and found to be a good indicator of costs for this study. Absenteeism was not
possible to quantify due to the lack of comprehensible records.
Conclusion: The analyzed indicators are adequate for a cost benefit analysis of a job rotation program.
However, it is important the company ensure better records.
References
1. Falck, A., Örtengren, R., Högberg, D. (2009). The Impact of Poor Assembly Ergonomics on Product Quality: A
Cost–Benefit Analysis in Car Manufacturing. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries,
20 (1), 24-41
171
P76: Caring people with cognitive disorders: Difficulties of students in clinical practice
Autora: Rosa Melo1, Nídia Salgueiro2, João Araújo3
1Unidade
Científica e Pedagógica de Enfermagem Fundamental, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra,
Portugal
2Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra
3IGMPortugal
Introduction: The nursing students reveal communication difficulties, due to the complexity of the care
and their inexperience.
Objectives: To know the main difficulties, for students of the Licentiate Degree Course in Nursing (LDCN),
that are in Clinical Practice (CP), and identify the main causes for the difficulties experienced and how
they were overcome.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive and qualitative approach study. The sample consisted of 21
students of the 2nd year of LDCN in a Portuguese Nursing School, who were in clinical practice (CP).
Data collection was conducted through descriptive reports of students on these difficulties and their
causes at the beginning of CE (3rd week) and how they were overcome later in the CP (10 weeks). It was
performed a content analysis of the information.
Results and Discussion: Most of the students were female (85.71%) between 19-22 years old. At the
beginning of CP students presented the following difficulties: communicating with agitated / aggressive /
confused and non-responsive patients; refusal of care; and understand what patients say. The causes
identified of these difficulties were: knowledge and communication techniques deficit; putting theory into
practice; shyness and insecurity; inexperience; and dealing with elderly people with cognitive disorders. To
overcome these difficulties were highlighted as very positive the discussion meetings and training provided
on the Methodology of Care Humanitude (MCH).
Conclusion: Given the difficulty of students in interacting with people with cognitive disorders is critical to
empower them with methodologies and innovative care techniques that are appropriate to the reality of
care, with caregiving procedures that systematize and operationalize the relationship, which is what MCM
allows.
References
1. Bardin, L. (2004). Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições.
2. Benner, P. (2001). De iniciado a Perito. Coimbra: Quarteto.
3. Salgueiro, N. (2014). Humanitude: um imperativo do nosso tempo. Coimbra: IGM Portugal.
172
P77: Body Mass Index and physical activity in diabetic adolescents followed in nutrition consulting
at Hospital Barcelos
Maria Neto1, Helena Cunha1, Mariana Pereira1, Susana Pinto1, António Fernandes2,3, Ana Pereira1
1Department
of Diagnosis Technologies and Therapeutic, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança,
Portugal
2Department of Exacta and Social Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
Introduction: Physical activity is related to health and lifestyle and should be part of the daily routine of all
individuals since it brings many benefits to the body.
Aims: To study the adolescent population’s body mass index (BMI). To study the relation between
physical activity and gender.
Materials and Methods: We performed a quantitative, observational, analytic and cross-sectional study.
After the use of exclusion criteria, a sample of 36 individuals was selected from a population of diabetic
adolescents. A validated questionnaire was applied to collected physical activity and personal data. SPSS
22.0 was used to analyse data. The chi-square test was applied to study the relation between the level of
physical activity and gender; Fisher’s exact test was applied to study the relation between level of physical
activity and BMI;
Results and Discussion: The chi-square test showed a significant relation between level of physical
activity and gender (p-value=0.018) with moderate intensity (phi=0.4), which corroborates other national
and worldwide studies. The ratio of boys who practices physical activity (10) is statistically different from
the girls’ ratio, because it’s superior in boys. Therefore, the male gender was the one that demonstrated a
relation with physical activity. Fisher’s exact test showed no relation between BMI and the level of physical
activity (p-value=0.646).
Conclusion: 86.1% of the sampled diabetic adolescents are eutrophic, and 66.7% are considered
insufficiently active. A significant relation was found between gender and level of physical activity, namely,
in the male gender. No relation was found between BMI and level of physical activity.
References
1. EUFIC (2008). A relação existente entre a atividade física intensa e o peso corporal saudável. Acedido em 30
Janeiro de 2015, em: http://www.eufic.org/article/pt/artid/A-relacao-existente-entre-a-actividade-fisica-intensa-e-opeso-corporal-saudavel/.
2. Matos, M. A Saúde dos Adolescentes Portugueses. Hoje e em 8 anos. Relatório Preliminar do Estudo HBSC.
2014.
173
P78: Burden on informal caregivers of individual with Neuromuscular Disease
Marta Matos1, Anabela Alves1, Nuno Machado2, Ângela Fernandes3
1School
Portuguese Association’ of Neuromuscular Patients
2
Introduction: Neuromuscular Diseases (ND) can damage individual’s functionality, requiring the support
of a caregiver. This situation can result in caregivers’ burden.
Objectives: Understand which characteristics are predictors of burden on informal caregivers.
Materials and Methods: The individuals with ND were evaluated through a characterization
questionnaire, the functional independence measure and the social support satisfaction scale. The
caregivers were assessed using a characterization questionnaire, the assessment questionnaire of
informal caregiver’s burden and anxiety and depression hospital scale. There were defined two models in
Multiple Linear Regression; the first model was composed only with characteristics of individual with ND
(age, sex, education, diagnosis, time of diagnosis, rehabilitation treatments, supporting products,
functionality and satisfaction with social support) and in the second were added the caregiver’s
characteristics (age, sex, education, anxiety and depression symptomatology).
Results and Discussion: It was found that the first model can predict 71.8% of the variability of the
burden on caregivers (p=0.047). At the second model, this variability increased to 89.1% (p=0.048). The
time of diagnosis, the level of functionality and the presence of depressive symptoms were the most
significant variables.
Conclusion: As it was intended to prove in this study, both, characteristics of the individual with DN and
caregiver’s, contribute directly for the emergence of caregivers’ burden. However, the characteristics of
the individual with DN have a greater impact. The only variable that can be controlled is the depressive
symptoms, so it should be implemented intervention strategies in order to avoid caregiver’s burden.
References
1. Chang, H.-J. (2009). The correlation of home care with family caregiver burden and depressive mood: an
examination of moderating functions. International Journal of Gerontology, 3(3), 170-180.
2. Digby, R., & Bloomer, M. (2014). Families and caregivers of older people: expectations, communication and care
decisions. Collegian, 21, 345-351.
174
P79: Predictors of functionality in individuals with neuromuscular disease
Anabela Alves1, Marta Matos1, Nuno Machado2, Ângela Fernandes3
1School
Association of Neuromuscular Patients
2Portuguese
Introduction: Neuromuscular disorder is defined as a heterogeneous group of hereditary or acquired
diseases. It is a progressive disorder with implications in functionality.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the existence of individual and clinical factors that
can predict the functionality of individuals with neuromuscular disease.
Materials and Methods: The sample of this study has 39 individuals with neuromuscular disease, with 18
to 64 years old. A questionnaire to characterize the sample, the functional independence measure, the
social support satisfaction scale and the Whodas 2.0 were used.
Results and Discussion: Through the analysis of multiple linear regression models, it possible to
conclude that 26.8% of the total variability of the functionality is explained by the age, the sex, the marital
status and the education level. In model 2 is added the specific diagnosis, the time of diagnosis, the
rehabilitation treatments and the use of assistive technology. It can be verified that the proportion
explained by the model increases to 49.9%. In model 3, the score of satisfaction scale of social support
and Whodas 2.0 has been added and with these variables the explained variability increased to 59.8%.
Conclusion: It is possible to confirm that individuals and clinical factors were predicted the functionality of
individuals with neuromuscular disorder.
References
1. Darabas, K. C., Comim, C. M., & Tuon, L. (2009). Análise da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em pacientes
portadores de doenças neuromusculares. Fisioter. Bras, 10(4), 241-247.
2. ÖKsÜZ, Ç., Burcu Semin, A., & Bum N, G. (2011). Effect of occupational therapy on activity level and occupational
peformance in patients with neuromuscular disease. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 22(3), 231-239.
3. Vandervelde, L., Van den Bergh, P. Y. K., Goemans, N., & Thonnard, J.-L. (2007). ACTIVLIM: a Rasch-built
measure of activity limitations in children and adults with neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscular Disorders, 17(6),
459-469.
175
P80: Blockade of renin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy
Sophie Cunha1, Rita Ferraz Oliveira2,3,4
1School
for Research and Intervention in Pharmacy, Research Centre for Health and Environment, School of Allied
Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3Autonomous Section of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
4M & M Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
2Center
Introduction: Studies suggest that the blockade of renin-angiotensin system, using angiotensin receptor
antagonists or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, alone or in combination, confers renal protection
in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Objectives: This review aims to assess the renal protective effects of the referred drugs, the mechanisms
of renal protection and compare the efficacy of monotherapy and combination of medications.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive systematic review of recently published studies was performed.
The search was made in Pubmed and the selection criteria were clinical trials performed in humans,
published in English between 2005 and 2014. The articles were eligible for analyses when observed the
association between the blockade of renin-angiotensin system with diabetic nephropathy, respecting the
selection criteria and if answers to the research question.
Results and Discussion: Twenty-four studies were summarized in a table, where the following
parameters are evaluated: description, size and average age of the sample, length of treatment, the
medication used and it’s daily dose, proposed mechanism of renal protection and the treatment outcome.
With monotherapy it was verified that the medication used provide renal protection, but is not possible to
determinate the most effective medication with fewer side effects. For combination therapy there are
conflicting results. Two studies concluded that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with the
combination has a greater renal protective effect against monotherapy. Others found that combination and
monotherapy were equally effective in renal protection. Another one found that combination has not
superior benefit over monotherapy and concluded that combination is likely to exacerbate proteinuria.
Conclusion: The blockade of renin-angiotensin system, using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or
angiotensin receptor antagonists, alone or in combination, is associated with a renal protective effect both
in patients with risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and with diabetic nephropathy already established.
References
1. Thomas, S., et al. (2015). Diabetic nephropathy. Medicine, 43(1), 20–25;
2. Satirapoj, B., et al. (2014). Comprehensive approach to diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Res Clin Pract, 33(3), 121–
131.
176
P81: The sedentary physical activity of pregnant women in the second trimester and the
relationship with neonatal outcomes
Vanessa da Silva Santos¹, Paula Clara Santos², Cristina Mesquita², Sofia Lopes², Miriam Couto², Sandra
Abreu³, Jorge Mota³
1School
of Physiotherapy, School of Alied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
³Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of
Porto, Porto, Portugal
2Department
Presenting author: [email protected]:[email protected]
Introduction: The pregnancy might be considered as a condition of risk for the change of habits of
physical activity (PA). It’s known that the pregnant women increase their spent time in the sedentary PA
with implications in the woman and the fetus health. The moderate and vigorous PA during the pregnancy
is recommended as a promoter behavior of the maternal and fetal health. The diary PA of the mother
during the pregnancy is an important factor influencer of the weight, of the length and of the cephalic
perimeter of the baby at birth.
Objectives: Analyze the relation between the sedentary PA of the woman in the second trimester of
pregnancy with the following fetal outcomes at birth: weight, length and cephalic perimeter.
Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal and analytical study in a sample of thirty seven pregnant
women. The participants were evaluated in the second gestational trimester (20-22ª gestational weeks)
and in the post-partum immediate were evaluated the fetal outcomes. The PA was measured with the
Actigraph GT3X accelerometer, and the fetal outcomes with an electronic neo-birth balance and with a
measure tape at millimeter.
Results and Discussion: The sample was constituted by women with ages between the 18 and the 40
years, presenting an average of 29.30 ± 4.471 years. The average time of sedentary PA is 579.71±
76.4291 minutes. There were no significant differences in mean neonatal outcomes (weight, length and
head circunference) when comparing tertiles of maternal sedentary PA (p> 0.05). There results remain
when the Z-score values are adjusted according to gestacional age and gender.
Conclusion: There is not a significant statistically association between the neo-births outcomes (weight,
length, cephalic perimeter) and the levels of sedentary PA of the mother in the second trimester.
References
1. Borodulin, K., Evenson, K. R., Wen, F., Herring, A., & Benson, A. (2008, Novembro). Physical Activity Patterns
during Pregnancy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exerise.
2. Juhl, M., Olsen, J., Andersen, P. K., Nøhr, E. A., & Andersen, A. M. (2010). Physical exercise during pregnancy
and fetal growth measures: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 202(1), 63.e61-68.
3. Santos, P. C., Abreu, S., Moreira, C., Lopes, D., Santos, R., Alves, O., . . . Mota, J. (2014). Impact of compliance
with different guidelines on physical activity during pregnancy and perceived barriers to leisure physical activity. 32,
14, 1398-1408. Journal of Sports Sciences.
177
P82: Influence of the “Porta Aberta à Saúde Mental" program in reducing the self-stigma in the
three elements of the team with experience of mental illness
Andreia Mendes1, Sara Sousa1,2
1School
Clinic and Mental Health of São João Hospital, Porto, Portugal
2Psychiatric
Introduction: Self-stigma is considered a transformation process in which the person with mental illness
experience losses its identity, failing to perform their roles, starting to adopt a passive view, selfstigmatizing and self-devaluation.The Porta Aberta à Saúde Mental (PASM) program from Hospital São
João, is directed to the school community. However, it is also a promoter of decreased self-stigma, once it
involves people with mental illness experience.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate how the PASM influences self-stigma from the elements
of the team with experience of mental illness.
Materials and Methods: It was chosen the study of collective instrumental case, consisting in three cases
that are part of the team of the program with experience of mental illness. For information gathering it was
used a sociodemographic questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness of Ritsher, et al (2003),
Revised Spontaneity Assessment Inventory, Kipper (2005); a grid of observation and an interview.
Results and Discussion: PASM decreased levels of self-stigma in all study participants and facilitated in
general, the development of some indicators promoters of that same reduction, in particular the control of
anxiety, isolation and decreased motivation. The results are due to the fact that the participants have
acquired and played a new social role (part of an anti-stigma team) and the exercise of spontaneity, vital
for the production of new answers.
Conclusion: The PASM led to the decrease of self-stigma in all three cases.
References
1. Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012). On the self-stigma of mental illness: Stages, disclosure, and strategies for
change. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 57(8), 464
2. Yano P.T., et al, (2008). Pathways between internalized stigma and outcomes related to recovery in schizophrenia
spectrum disorders. Psychiatric Services, 59(12), 1437-1442.
178
P83: Gestational weight gain and relationship with sedentary physical activity in the second
trimester of pregnancy
Sofia Moreira¹, Paula Clara Santos2,3, Cristina Mesquita², Sofia Lopes², Miriam Couto2, Sandra Abreu3 and
Jorge Mota3
1School
of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
2 Department
Introduction: Pregnancy is phase of big changes for women. Although the growing evidence about the
benefits of a physically active lifestyle during pregnancy is still high the number of sedentary pregnant or
that interrupt physical exercise during pregnancy. Among other consequences, physical inactivity can be
related to weight gain during pregnancy.
Objectives: To evaluate the weight gain in the second trimester of pregnancy and verify if the sedentary
physical activity influences this weight gain.
Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study with an initial sample of 50 pregnant women.
The evaluation of the participants was held in the second trimester of pregnancy (20-23 weeks). A
questionnaire to characterize the sample was applied. To calculate weight, a portable digital scale was
used and to calculate the height measurement was used a portable stadiometer. To assess physical
activity levels was used an accelerometer Actigraph GT3X model and reviewing of records was made with
Actilife software.
Results and Discussion: It was observed that the weight gain values were outside the recommended
weight gain range, with a mean weight gain higher than expected in all pregnant women. For the time
spent in sedentary activity, it was observed that the participants with overweight / obesity spend more time
in sedentary activity, but there were no statistically significant differences between the means of
categories of BMI (p = 0.778).
Conclusion: This study showed that all groups of pregnant women increased weight more than
recommended. However, the study was inconclusive about the influence of sedentary physical activity in
gestational weight gain.
References:
1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (Janeiro de 2013). Weight Gain During Pregnancy.
Comittee Opinion, pp. 1-3.
2. Evenson, K. R., & Terry Jr, J. W. (Abril de 2012). Assessment of Differing Definitions of Accelerometer Nonwear
Time. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, pp. 1-12.
3. Gaston, A., & Cramp, A. (2011). Exercise during pregnancy: A review of patterns and determinants. Journal of
Science and Medicine in Sport , pp. 209-305.
179
P84: Adolescents snacks: Fruit and vegetable consumption
Ana Alves1, Joana Texeira1, Rubina Barbosa1, António Fernandes2, José Carlos Ribeiro3, Vera FerroLebres1,3
1Department
of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, Health School - Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
Studies Center for Development, Agrarian School - Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
3CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto
2Transdisciplinary
Introduction: The snack meal is defined as the consumption of food ingested in addition to the three main
meals, and thereby contributing to additional calories. Increasing the number of snacks may be beneficial,
as long as the energy balance is maintained, and are frequently mentioned as an opportunity to increase
fruit consumption, however, carbohydrates and added sugars tend to be over-consumed at snacking
occasions.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of snack
consumption and fruits and vegetables intake in adolescents.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 70 adolescents between 12 and 19 years was studied. The
adolescents were assessed for snacks consumption through the three day food diary method and their
anthropometric data were objectively measured. Data analysis was performed with the ordinal Spearman
correlation test, with a 95% significance, using the SPSS 22.0.
Results and Discussion: Adolescents had a mean of 4.4 meals and 1.5 snacks a day. There was a
positive correlation between fruit and vegetables consumption and the prevalence of snacks, the same
was observed for the total number of meals and the consumption of vegetables. These results were in
agreement to what has been shown by Marques Vidal et al (2006), also regarding Portuguese
adolescents.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the higher the prevalence of snack consumption, the greater the
consumption of fruits and vegetables, signifying a positive relation between snacking and a healthy diet.
Supported by Project: PTDC/DTP-DES/1328/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028619); and Research Center
supported by: PEst-OE/SAU/UI0617/2011.
References
1. Beets, M. W., Tilley, F., Weaver, R. G., Turner-McGrievy, G., Moore, J. B., & WebsterC. (2013). From Policy to
Practice: Addressing Snack Quality, Consumption, and Price in After-School Programs. Journal of Nutrition
Education and Behavior, 46(5), 384–389.
2. Hess, J., & Slavin, J. (2014). Snacking for a Cause: Nutritional Insufficiencies and Excesses of U.S. Children, a
Critical Review of Food Consumption Patterns and Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake of U.S. Children.
Nutrients, 6(11), 4750–4759.
3. Marques-Vidal, P., Ravasco, P., Dias, C. M., & Camilo, M. E. (2006). Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987-1999:
results from the National Health Surveys. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60(12), 1414–1422.
180
P85: Morphofunctional characterization of the ileum in a type 1 diabetes rat model 7
Vanessa Mendes-Henriques1,2, Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro1,2, Filipa Quintela Vieira3,4, Paulo Correia-deSá2, Margarida Duarte-Araújo2
1School
de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa
(MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
4Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto, Portugal
2Laboratório
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects 1 in 12 people with high mortality
and morbidity.
Objective: Knowing that about 76% of diabetic patients have gastrointestinal complications, we decided to
characterize morphologically and functionally the ileum of a rat (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar) model that
mimics type 1 DM.
Material and Methods: Diabetes was chemically induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of
streptozotocin (STZ, 55mg/kg). All animals were used 14 days after injection with saline (CTRL-group) or
STZ (STZ-group).
Results and Discussion: Macroscopic characterization of the gastrointestinal tract of STZ-animals
reveled an increase in caecum’s dimensions and in the ileum’s weight. Histological examination showed
increases in the length of villi (CTRL= 335.84 ± 9.48µm vrs. STZ= 596.96 ±11.22µm,n=4), thickening of
the muscle layer (CTRL= 66.44±0.72µm vrs. STZ= 100.92±0.57µm,n=4), and a decrease in the number
of myenteric neurons per ganglia (CTRL= 13.85±0.42 vrs. STZ= 11.11±0.98,n=4).
In vivo functional characterization of STZ (41.09±2.01%, n=9) demonstrated that gastrointestinal motility is
significantly delayed compared to CTRL-animals (57.41±1.16%, n=7). Preliminary data indicates that the
spontaneous ileal activity in STZ-animals is more irregular, less frequent and of greater amplitude allowing
us to speculate about changes in the activity of pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal over myogenic or
neuronal components. Histoenzymatic data indicate that the extracellular catabolism of ATP and its
metabolites are increased in STZ-animals, but the sensitivity of E-NTPDase 2, 3 and E-5'-NTDase to
inhibitors was roughly maintained.
Conclusion: In summary, data suggest that STZ-injected rats possess a number of morphological and
functional characteristics present in the ileum of type 1 DM patients, rendering this model suitable for
testing novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal complications of diabetes.
Acknowledgments: Work supported by FCT (PEst-OE/SAU/UI0215/2014).
References
1. Yarandi & Srinivasan (2014) Neurogastroenterol Motil, 26,611-624;
2. Sik-Park K. (2013) Neurogastroenterol Motil 19,121-123.
181
NEUROSCIENCES: FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE
182
P86: Rehabilitation based on Bobath Concept, of a woman with sequelae of postpartum
hemorrhagic stroke – case study
Carolina Fiúza1, Tânia Martins1, Liliana Ventura1, Alexandre Lopes2, Inês Mesquita3 and Diogo Silva3
1School
of Allied Health Technologies of Porto (ESTSP) – Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), Portugal
Department, School of Allied Health Technologies of Porto (ESTSP) – Polytechnic Institute of Porto
(IPP), Portugal
3Functional Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Technologies of Porto (ESTSP) – Polytechnic Institute of
Porto (IPP), Portugal
2Physiotherapy
Introduction: Due to the increase in circulating blood volume in the body and coagulation disorders,
pregnancy and postpartum period are associated with an increased risk of stroke for pregnant women.
Stroke may leave sequels depending on the injured area, leading patients with alterations in function,
motion and postural control. Therefore the Bobath Concept can be used in the rehabilitation of these
patients.
Objectives: To analyze the potential of physiotherapy intervention based on the principles of Bobath
Concept in postural control, balance and functional independence in a woman with stroke postpartum.
Materials and Methods: Study case of a 36-years-old woman, who suffered a postpartum stroke in the
territory of the left middle cerebral artery, leading to motor dysfunction and mixed aphasia. Evaluation took
place in five moments, with the analysis of sitting posture and using the Modified Mini Mental State
Examination (3MS), the Postural Assessment Scale for Patients with Stroke (PASS), the Berg Balance
Scale (BBS), the Reaching Performance Scale (RPS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM).
It’s set M0 and M5 the moments before and after the intervention, respectively. The intervention took place
over five weeks, based on the principles of Bobath Concept.
Results and Discussion: There was positive development at all scales between M0 e M5 (0/18 to 17/18
and 16/18 points in the near and distant target, respectively, in RPS; 0/30 to 16/30 points in 3MS; 0/36 to
36/36 points in PASS; 0/56 to 48/56 points in BBS; 38/126 to 100/126 points in MIF) and the ability of the
user to acquire and maintain postural set up.
Conclusion: Intervention based on the principles of Bobath Concept seems to have a good potential in
improving postural control, balance, level of muscle activity and functional independence.
References
1. Gjelsvik, B. E. (2008). The Bobath Concept in adult neurology. New York: Thieme.
183
P87: EEG evidence for mirror neuron system integrity in Down syndrome
Lais Ferreira1, Vitor Simões-Silva1,3, Diana Tavares2, Rubim Santos3 and Nuno Barbosa Rocha1,3
1Department
of Neurophysiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
3Center for the Study of Movement and Human Activity, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of
Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Understanding and imitating other people’s actions is crucial for social cognition. These
skills appear to be supported by the human mirror neuron system. There is contradictory evidence
regarding social skills in people with Down Syndrome (DS) and in consequence, regarding the integrity of
the mirror neuron system. Although having good social and imitation skills, there is evidence for
impairments in interpreting social situations and recognizing emotions.
Objectives: To determine whether there are impairments in the mirroring activity of adults with DS when
compared to individuals without DS, by calculating the variation of the suppression of the EEG mu activity.
Materials and Methods: EEG data was obtained from 16 adults with DS and 9 adults without DS. The
acquisition was made using a MindMedia Nexus 10 amplifier. EEG was registered in the following
conditions in CZ, according to Oberman et. al. (2005): Baseline (static white cross); (2) non-biological
motion; (3) self-hand movement; (4) observing a hand movement in a display. Each condition lasted for 90
seconds. Mu rhythm suppression was calculated by calculating the ratio between the power of mu rhythms
of the experimental conditions and the power conditions used as reference. Data was analyzed using a
mixed ANOVA for repeated measures.
Results and Discussion: There were no significant differences in the mu rhythm suppression between
adults with and without DS (F(1.23)=0.440; p=0.514). Both had an increase in the suppression of the mu
rhythms in the observation conditions and during the execution of hand movement in relation to the nonbiological motion condition. The DS group displayed greater suppression of mu rhythms during the
execution of hand movement than in the observation.
Conclusion: Adults with DS appear to have an intact mirror neuron system. Rehabilitation methods for
this population should be based on observation learning methods.
References
1. Virji-Babul, N., Moiseev, A., Cheung, T., Weeks, D., Cheyne, D., & Ribary, U. (2008). Changes in mu rhythm
during action observation and execution in adults with Down syndrome: Implications for action representation.
Neuroscience Letters, 436(2), 177–180.
2. Oberman, L.M., Hubbard, E.M., McCleery, J.P., Altschuler, E. L., Ramachandran, V.S., & Pineda, J. A. (2005).
EEG evidence for mirror neuron dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Cognitive Brain Research, 24(2), 190–
198.
184
P88: Influence of a specific xxercise program ni violin studentsS
Isabel Amaral1, Cristina Melo2 and António Montes2
1Physiotherapy,
2Physiotherapy
Primary Health Care Center of Pinhel, Health Local Unit of Guarda, Portugal
Department, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Introduction: The high prevalence of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders in university music
students, especially violinists, justifies a preventive approach among these, namely, through exercise.
Objectives: to verify the influence of a specific exercise program (SEP) on violin performance-related
symptoms, functional disability and self-perception of physical and musical performance, in university
violin students.
Materials and Methods: quasi-experimental study with 22 violin students from a School in Oporto divided,
by availability, between experimental group (EG) (n=11) and control group (CG) (n=11). During 8 weeks,
EG performed the SEP bi-weekly. At baseline and after 8 weeks, participants completed the Performance
Questionnaire (included Visual Analogue Scale), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, the
Oswestry Disability Index version 2.0, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Modified Borg Scale.
Results and Discussion: At the end of the SEP, EG had significantly better scores than the CG in the
percentage of violinists with “pain in the left lumbar spine” (p=0.007), frequency of pain (U=8.5; W=29.5;
p=0.016) and number of locations with symptoms (U=18; W=84; p=0.003). The hypoalgesic effect of
exercise and the great number of lumbar stabilization exercises of the SEP may explain these results. EG
also had better results in pain magnification (U=26; W=92; p=0.021), suggesting that the SEP decreases
the perceived threat caused by pain.
Conclusion: A SEP can produce positive effects on reduction of violin performance-related symptoms
and functional disability, and improvement of some parameters of self-reported physical performance in
university violin students.
References
1. Barton, R., Killian, C., Bushee, M., Callen, J., Cupp, T., Ochs, B., Sharp, M., & Tetrault, K. (2008). Occupational
performance issues and predictors of dysfunction in college instrumentalists. Medical Problems of Performing Artists,
23(2), 72-78.
2. Wilke, C., Priebus, J., Biallas, B., & Froböse, I. (2011). Motor Activity as a Way of Preventing Musculoskeletal
Problems in String Musicians. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 26(1), 24-29.
185
P89: Evaluation of brain areas activated when listening to a classical music stretch in musicians
and non-musicians: performing an electroencephalogram (EEG)
Francisca Gonçalves1, Pedro Monteiro2, André Jesus1
1
of Functional Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: The interest on the effects of musical practice in the human brain has been increasing
considerably in the last few decades. Several studies showed that musicians have structural and
functional brain aspects that are not shown in non-musicians, related with the age in which they started
the musical practice. Such organization results in cognitive differences between musicians and nonmusicians, as it’s been shown in several studies.
Objectives: This study’s main objective is to evaluate the activated brain’s circuits and areas during
musical listening and evaluate the effects of musical practice in work memory.
Materials and Methods: Brain activity was recorded in 16 musicians and 16 non-musicians during the
listening of a musical stretch of classic music (Frédéric Chopin - Nocturne op.9 No.2) through an
electroencephalography (EEG), using the 10-20 International System of electrode placement with 19
channels. The data was analysed using power EEG combined with quantitative EEG. To evaluate working
memory we used the digit span subtest, chosen from a set of tests from WAIS (Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale).
Results and Discussion: During music listening, alpha activity significantly decreased in musicians and
increased in non-musicians in the parietal-occipital area. Theta activity had the opposite behaviour,
significantly increasing in musicians and decreasing in non-musicians in the frontal and central areas. On
the working memory subtest musicians had better performance when compared with the non-musicians.
We also can conclude that the earlier the music training, the better the performance on working memory
subtests.
Conclusion: With this study, besides the contribution for better understanding of musical practice on
neural system’s development and functioning, underlying the cognitive capacities, we were able to
understand the implications of musical practice in health sector and in education.
References
1. Schlaug, G. (2001). The brain of musicians: a model for functional and structural adaptations. In R. J. Zatorre & I.
Peretz (Eds.), The Biological Foundations of Music.
186
P90: Electroencephalographic changes in moral decisions
Catarina Castro1, Diana Tavares1,2 and António Jácomo2
1School
Research Centre (GIB) Institute of Bioethics of Catholic University, Portugal
2Bioethics
Introduction: Human morality has been addressed by the neurosciences and neuroethics. However we
remain far from realizing how brain works in moral decisions. The decision taken in moral dilemmas can
be deontological or utilitarian. In the first one an action is right or wrong for itself, disregarding the
consequences of your decision. On the other hand, in utilitarian decisions consequences are the only thing
that matters, seeking the best interest to the greatest number of people.
Objectives: This study aims to describe neuronal activity during moral decision-making, thereby
contributing both to the location of brain areas involved in this process and for the characterization of
neurophysiological changes that take place when moral decisions are made.
Materials and Methods: Eighteen subjects (14 women and 4 men) were presented with 16 stories with
moral content that required them to choose between two conflicting personal desires (Achával, 2013)
(deontological or utilitarian decision). Brain's electrical activity (frontal alfa activity) was evaluated using
quantitative EEG at rest and during moral decisions. There were 3 types of dilemmas: related to common
day conflicts, involving indirect injuries and involving direct injuries. Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to
assess differences between brain's activity at rest and during decisions.
Results and Discussion: In moral conflicts of the common day, all dilemmas tested showed statistically
significant in the right inferior frontal lobe activity (p-value=0.012 and 0.009).
Only 25% of the moral dilemmas that involve indirect injuries showed an increase of brain activity in the
inferior frontal lobes (p= 0.017 and 0.011).
In the moral conflicts involving direct injuries, all dilemmas produce an increase of brain's activity in the
inferior frontal lobes (one tailed sig.= 0.015 and 0.002 – left side – one tailed sig.= 0.016 and 0.025 – right
side).
Conclusion: This study showed that the inferior frontal lobe suffers an increase in the frontal alfa activity
when the brain is processing moral dilemmas.
References:
1. Achával, D. (2013). Activation of brain areas concerned with social cognition during moral decisions is abnormal in
schizophrenia patients and unaffected siblings. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 774-782
2. Broeders, R. (2011). Should I save or should I not kill? How people solve moral dilemmas depends on which rule
is most accessible. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 923-934.
3. Manfrinati, A. (2013). Moral dillemas and moral principles: When emotion and cognition unite. Cognition &
Emotion, 27, 1276-1291.
187
P91: The effects of anxiety symptoms on postural stability in young adults
Paula Matos, Ana Sofia Silva, Bibiana Oliveira, Ricardo Azevedo, Tiago Coelho, Daniela Lopes, Ângela
Fernandes, Rubim Santos
Introduction: Anxiety is defined as a state or an emotional response. When excessive or prolonged may
be reflected in thinking, behavior and motor skills, such as postural stability.
Objectives: To compare the population with and without anxiety symptoms in relation to postural stability
on orthostatic position.
Materials and Methods: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. The sample was composed
by 36 individuals with 18 years or more, 15 with anxiety symptoms and 21 without symptoms. In order to
characterize the sample were used a questionnaire and some assessment tools as Montreal Cognitive
Assessment and Biodex Balance System with the purpose to assess the balance on the orthostatic
position was used. The results were statistically analyzed by the software IBM Statistical Package for the
Social Science 22.0.
Results and Discussion: There were statistically significant differences between groups with open eyes
in a foam surface (p=0.028) and with eyes closed in a foam surface (p=0.023). There is a moderate
positive correlation between these conditions and the presence of anxiety (r=0.037, r=0.039 respectively).
In fact, the anxiety symptoms may induce a negative influence on postural balance Individuals with some
kind of anxiety disorder may reveal many changes in the vestibular function, that generated visual or
proprioceptive failures.
Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the presence of anxiety symptoms affect the postural
stability, mainly on irregular surfaces.
References
1. Redfern, M. S., Furman, J. M., & Jacob, R. G. (2007). Visually Induced Postural Sway in Anxiety Disorders. J
Anxiety Disord, 21(5), 704-716.
2. Wada, M., Sunaga, N., & Nagai, M. (2001). Anxiety affects the postural sway of the antero-posterior axis in college
students. Neurosci Lett, 302(2-3), 157-159.
3. Zur, O., Schoen, G., Dickstein, R., Feldman, J., Berner, Y., Dannenbaum, E., & Fung, J. (2015). Anxiety among
individuals with visual vertigo and vestibulopathy. Disabil Rehabil, 1-6.
188
P92: Preschool language development program - Study protocol
Ana Sucena Santos1,2, Ana Paula Vale3, Ana Filipa Silva1,2, Ana Rita Silva3, Bruno Dias3
1Instituto
Politécnico do Porto
de Investigação e Intervenção na Leitura
3Unidade de Dislexia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
2Centro
Introduction: Oral language is an essential dimension in human development and a foundation of the
success in learning to read. Ideally the identification of children at risk of having problems in reading and
spelling acquisition should occur in preschool or early in the first year. This premise was the inspiration for
the development of the language development program for preschoolers.
Objectives: The main objective is the promotion of language development, in aspects related to learning
to read and, in this way, to promote school success through prevention and early intervention.
Materials and Methods: We selected public schools of Porto and Vila Real district. The intervention will
be conducted between November 2015 and May 2016 with pre-schoolers in school context, twice a week.
The intervention program is divided into two main areas: language development in its various dimensions
and the promotion of phonological awareness. Activities will be conducted by a speech therapist or a
psychologist in the class with all children and the preschool teacher, and later repeated by the preschool
teacher alone. The program is organized into session papers (objectives, general rules, and activities) and
activity papers (detailed description of activities and materials to be used). An assessment will be
conducted before and after the intervention in order to verify the effectiveness of the intervention and to
monitor children's progress (Carroll et al. 2001).
Conclusion: This project is based on the perspective that the intervention performed in preschool,
structured and systematic based in empirical evidence, allows the early intervention in cases of risk of
future failure, which is critical to prevent bigger damages once the early difficulties are strongly predictive
of increased difficulties later. In addition, it intends to further contribute to the construction of scientific
knowledge around the learning of reading and difficulties associated.
References
1. Carroll, J. M.; Bowyer-Crane, C.; Duff, F.J.; Hulme, C. & Snowling, M.J. (2001). Developing Language and
Literacy: Effective Intervention in the Early Years. UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
2. Lyytinen H. (2008). State-of-Science Review: SR-D12 New Technologies and Interventions for Learning
Difficulties: Dyslexia in Finnish as a Case Study. Foresight Mental Capital and Wellbeing Project: The Government
Office for Science. London: UK.
189
P93: The effects of cognitive intervention in motor performance on individuals with Parkinson’s
disease: a systematic review
Ana Oliveira1, Ângela Fernandes2
1School
2Department
Introduction: The motor and the cognitive component in the human being are deeply connected and
that’s not an exception in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of cognitive intervention in the motor component in individuals
with Parkinson's disease.
Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were used: PubMed®, Scopus®, ISI Web of
Science® and Cochrane Library. The research was limited to randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized, four languages (Portuguese, English, Spanish and French) and only studies with humans.
Inclusion criteria for this study were: (a) individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease; (b) Clinical trials,
randomized or non-randomized; (c) existence of simple cognitive intervention (cognitive) or dual task
(cognitive-motor); (d) quasi experimental studies. In the first phase of selection, by title and abstract, two
reviewers selected the studies. It wasn’t used meta-analyses, only selection of the studies (two
individuals) by reading the title, abstract and full article if available.
Results and Discussion: 10 studies were included in the systematic review. The cognitive and motor
training are more effective combined with motor performance. The effectiveness of the intervention was
observed in dynamic and static balance, gait, gait speed and length of step.
Conclusion: The cognitive intervention was effective on motor performance in individuals with Parkinson’s
disease in parameters like static and dynamic balance, gait and gait speed. It be important to create
guidelines for this type of intervention.
References
1. Takakusaki, K. Saitoh, H. Harada, M. Kashiwayanagi. Role of basal ganglia–brainstem pathways in the control of
motor behaviors. Neuroscience Research 50 (2004) 137–151
2. Goldenberg MM. Medical Management of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2008;33:590-606.
190
P94: Analysis of oscillatory brain activity in gamers and non-gamers during different cognitive
tasks.
Vinicius Duarte1, Artemisa Rocha Dores2, Diana Tavares3
1School
of Human and Social Sciences, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto,
Portugal
3Department of Neurophysiology, School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
2Department
Introduction: Some studies suggest that the pathological use of video games is related to high impulsivity
and risky decision making.
Objectives: To analyze the EEG activity of compulsive gamers and non-gamers, while performing one
inhibitory control and a decision-making task.
Materials and Methods: Participants were 34 individuals of both genders. Their mean age was 20.18
years old (SD = 1.76). An EEG recording was made after the participants filled in a Video Game Behavior
questionnaire. During the EEG, the subjects performed the Williams Inhibition Test (WIT) and the Iowa
Gambling Task (IGT). EEG power in delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were measured by 18
derivation qEEG using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) over 5 seconds epochs selected from the EEG
recording at resting with open eyes and during the tasks.
Results and Discussion: An increase in the theta power in frontal and central areas, accompanied by a
reduction in the alpha power in posterior areas, was observed in the group of non-gamers and social
gamers while performing the WIT. Possibly theta synchronization is related to pre-frontal lobe activation in
the process of selective attention, while posterior alpha desynchronization with visual input. An increase in
the front-central theta power was observed in the non-gamers and social gamers and in the group of
problematic and pathological gamers while performing the IGT, probably related to the decision making
process. The group of problematic and pathological gamers showed a significant difference in the IGT
score and in the frequency of the B card when compared to the non-gamers and social gamers,
suggesting that compulsive gamers could have poorer decision making abilities.
Conclusion: Frontal neuronal networks are activated during the IGT, while the WIT seems to activate the
frontal-parietal areas. Results suggest that gamers may have different decision making abilities.
191
P95: Neuromarketing: Validation through neurophysiological techniques
Ana Pereira, Diana Tavares & Rui Pimenta
1School
Introduction Neuromarketing is a new theme that allows the combination of neuroscience with marketing
permitting to test advertising campaigns, feelings or emotions and even taken more accurately decisions.
The Neuromarketing, simplistically, tries to give each product or service the characteristic of "perfect".
Objectives: Determine the changes caused in the EEG signal by different external stimuli presented, in
particular, the sound of the ads and the emotions that each one awakens in the subjects. Infer about the
ability of each advertisement capture more or less the attention of individuals before a specific ad.
Materials and Methods: 13 volunteers with more than 18 years-old, right-handed, without the influence of
modelers drugs of brain activity, half male and half female. The EEG signal was registered with electrodes
placed according to the international 10-20 system while the voluntary sees two sequences of 6
commercials each: the first without sound and the second with sound. Of these 6 ads, the first 3 ads
should cause a negative emotion and the last 3 a positive emotion.
Results and Discussion: There was a significant difference between the qEEG value obtained before the
start of the views and during the views, favoring a lower value in the last one. While viewing ads with
negative emotions, there is a greater asymmetry in relation to the background activity accompanied by a
decrease in qEEG values in the right hemisphere.
Conclusion: we can confirm that the use of EEG allowed, more precisely by evaluating the frontal alpha
according to Davidson's theory, the evaluation of induction of emotions in the subjects caused by
commercials.
References
1. Rodrigues, Fernando. Influência do Neuromarketing nos Processos de Tomada de Decisão. 1.ª Edição.
Psicossoma. 2011; p. 9
2. Davidson, r. J. What does the prefrontal cortex ‘‘do” in affect: Perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research.
Biological Psychology. 2004; p.219–233
3. Nighswonger, n. J., & martin, c. R. On using voice analysis in marketing research. 18.ª Edição. Journal of
Marketing Research. 1981; p. 350–355
192
P96: Effects of transthyretin stabilization by wine polyphenols in the modulation of Alzheimer’s
disease
Daniela Rodrigues1,2,3, Luís M. Santos1,2, Mobina Alemi1,2,4, Carlos Ribeiro1,2, Maria João Saraiva1,2, Nuno
Mateus5 and Isabel Cardoso1,2
1IBMC
- Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto, Portugal
– Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
3ESTSP - School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
4FMUP – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
5FCUP - Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
2I3S
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80%
of all cases worldwide. Senile plaques, one of AD hallmarks, are mainly constituted of A peptide.
Transthyretin (TTR) has been described to exert a neuroprotective effect in AD by interacting with A. This
activity is dependent on its stability, thus compounds that stabilize TTR tetrameric fold increase TTR/A
binding. Most of the compounds identified as TTR stabilizers belong to the group of non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs and compete with thyroxine (T4), the natural TTR stabilizer.
Objectives: Investigate the neuroprotective potential of wine polyphenols (Resveratrol, Catechin, Malvidin
and Polyphenolic Extract) by exploring their ability to improve TTR/A interaction.
Materials and Methods: In this work we evaluated in vitro the ability of wine polyphenols to compete with
T4, their capacity to improve TTR stability and ability to improve TTR/A interaction. We also optimized a
cellular model with A plaque formation, which was used to evaluate the effect of TTR. Finally, we
evaluated the in vivo effects of Resveratrol using an AD/TTR transgenic mouse model.
Results and Discussion: Regarding the in vitro results, Resveratrol competed with T4 and stabilized
TTR, and TTR/A binding was improved by Resveratrol and the Polyphenolic Extract. In the amyloid plaque
cellular model, TTR not only inhibited plaque formation as also disrupted pre-formed plaques, decreasing
their number and size. Concerning the in vivo results the administration of Resveratrol resulted in a
diminishment of A plaque burden and A42 brain levels.
Conclusion: The neuroprotective effects of Resveratrol can be related to increasing TTR tetrameric
stability. The combined administration of wine polyphenols might produce synergistic enhanced
neuroprotection.
References
1. Ribeiro, C., Saraiva, M. J., & Cardoso, I. (2012). Stability of the Transthyretin Molecule as a Key Factor in the
Interaction with A-Beta Peptide. PLoS One, 7(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045368
193
P97: Exergaming training for people with dual diagnosis of substance use disorders and severe
mental illness: a pilot study
Mónica Lopes1, Bibiana Ribeiro 1, Sérgio Machado2, Nuno Barbosa Rocha1
1Department
2University
of Salgado de Oliveira and University Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
Introduction: The dual diagnosis of a severe mental illness simultaneously with substance use disorders
is associated with a variety of motor performance deficits.
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of of an exergaming training program based on the Nintendo
Wii in improving the motor performance of patients with dual diagnosis in a community-based treatment
center. Secondary objectives included the analysis of this program in anthropomorphic,
psychopathological, behavioral and neuropsychological variables.
Materials and Methods: 14 individuals with dual diagnosis were recruited from a community-based
treatment center for a randomized clinical trial (n=7 allocated to an experimental group and exposed to an
exergaming training program; n=7 allocated to a control group and exposed to videogames without
physical activity). All participated in 21 sessions of approximately 45 minutes each. Motor performance
was measured using EUROFIT and Balance Board; anthropomorphic variables included weight, body
mass index, body fat and waist circumference; psychopathology was determined with DASS-21; behavior
was assessed using the Therapeutic Community Staff Assessment for community-based programs; and
neuropsychological variables included Stroop test, TMT A and B, Digit-Symbol-Coding and semantic and
phonemic fluency tests.
Results: The experimental group showed better results than the control group in balance variables,
including the Flamingo test (p = 0.028) and the Balance Board (p = 0.030). There were also an improving
tred in muscle strength of the upper limbs by using the dynamometer (mean difference for the
experimental group: 3.429±4.117; mean difference for the control group: -1.000±3.416; p=0.082). There
were no other significant differences between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion: Nintendo Wii exergaming have the potential to improve the balance and strength of the
upper members of individuals with dual diagnosis of severe mental illness and substance use disorders
treated in a community-based center. Further studies are required to establish the efficacy of this
intervention.
References
1. Leposavié, L., Dimitrijevié, D., Dordevié, S., Leposavié, I., & Balkoski, G. (2015). Comorbidity of harmful use of
alcohol in population of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatria Danubina, 27(1), 84-89.
2. Lorenzo, R., Galliani, A., Guicciardi, A., Landi, G., & Ferri, P. (2014). A retrospective analysis focusing on a group
of patients with dual diagnosis treated by both mental health and substance use services. Neuropsychiatric Disease
and Treatment, 10, 1479-1488. doi:10.2147/NDT.S65896.
3. Padwa, H., Larkins, S., Crevecoeur-MacPhai, D., & Grella, C. (2013). Dual Diagnosis Capability in Mental Health
and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs. Journal Dual Diagn., 9(2), 179-186. doi: 10.1080/15504263.2013.
778441.
194
TOASTMASTER
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – TOASTMASTER
195
196
TOASTMASTER
ESTSP Toastmasters
Moderator: Ana Salgado (ESTSP.IPP)
Speaker: Luís Marrana
Invicta Toastmasters Club
The Toastmasters International is a worldwide organization in the art of communicating (speaking,
listening and thinking) and leaders’ education. Founded in the US in 1924 by Ralph Smedley, this nonprofit organization currently serves nearly 260,000 members in 113 countries, divided by more than
12,500 clubs worldwide. The mission of a Toastmasters club is to create a positive learning environment
and mutual support, where any member has the opportunity to develop their communication and
leadership skills, which in turn allow personal growth and increased self-confidence. Toastmasters allows
you to: a) learn to communicate more effectively; b) make you a better listener and an analyst more
objective; c) increase your leadership potential; d) improve your ability to motivate and persuade; e)
increase your success, reaching personal and professional goals.
197
SPONSORS & SUPPORT
198
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – SPONSORS & SUPPORT
199
SPONSORS
SUPPORT
200
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – SPONSORS & SUPPORT
AUTHORS INDEX
II INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CONGRESS GAIA-PORTO (II CISGP) – AUTHORS INDEX
201
202
AUTHORS INDEX
A
Abreu, Renato
Abreu, Sandra
Adubeiro, Nuno
Afonso, Jennifer
Albuquerque, Aníbal
Alemi, Mobina
Alexandra, Ana
Alexandrino, Ana Silva
Alexandrino, Diogo A. M.
Almeida, Ana
Almeida, Cláudia
Almeida, Leandro S.
Almeida, Leonor
Almeida, Raquel Simões
Almeida, Susana
Almeida, Susana S.
Alves, Ana
Alves, Anabela
Alves, Maria José
Alves, Ricardo
Alves, Rita
Alves, Sandra
Alves, Sara
Alves, Sílvia
Amaral, Isabel
Amil-Dias, Cristina
Amorim, Manuela
Antunes, M.
Anunciação, Patrícia R.
Aparício, M.
Araújo, António
Araújo, João
Azevedo, Carlos
Azevedo, Isabel
Azevedo, Ricardo
152
177, 179
70
73
82
193
136
96
118
152
137
21
150
38
31
23
180
174, 175
48, 58
60
71
70
98
99
185
72
50, 95, 99, 100, 125,
127, 128, 129
162
152
162
99, 100
172
28
159
164, 165, 188
B
Baeta, Cristina
Baía, Lilia
Baixia, Márcia
Baptista, Lurdes
Barbosa, Ana
Barbosa, Fernando
Barbosa, Pedro
Barbosa, Rita M.
67, 124
58
122, 123
138
115
92
147
24
Barbosa, Rubina
Barreiros, Luísa
Barrias, Cláudia
Barros, Beatriz
Barros, Piedade
Beça, Helena
Bellém, Fernando
Bento, Daniela
Bessa, Ana
Bessa, Daniela
Borges, Ana Pinto
Borralho, Mara
Botas, Joana
Branco, Luís C.
Branco, Sílvia P.
Brochado, Paulo
180
49, 59, 107
78
103
65, 106, 108, 116, 151
78
149
89
128
139
63
149
143
51, 109, 110, 111
152
137
C
Cabral, Andréa
Cabral, Manuel V.
Cabral, Samuel
Calçada, Carla
Caldas, Alexandre C.
Caldeira, João Paulo
Cameira, Miguel
Campos-Borges, C.
Campos, Carlos
Campos, Filipa
Cardoso, Ana
Cardoso, Isabel
Cardoso, Paula
Caria, Helena
Carneiro, Isa
Carneiro, Miguel
Carvalhais, Carlos
Carvalhal, Daniela
Carvalheiras, Graziela
Carvalho, Ana C.
Carvalho, Irene P.
Carvalho, Maria F.
Carvalho, Patrícia
Carvalho, Paulo
Carvalho, Serafim
Castelo-Branco, Miguel
Castro-Vale, Ivone
Castro, Carlos
Castro, Catarina
90
6,
142
14
10, 71
134
132
40
37
68, 155
10, 193
126
162
29
146
102, 103
143
36
14
23
118
121
147
16
85
23
56, 80
187
203
Castro, Simone
Cavaco, Sara
Celestino, Ricardo
Cernadas, Rui
Certo, Ana
Cirnes, Luis
Clemêncio, Filomena
Coelho, Tiago
Combadão, Jaime
Conde, Andreia
Conde, Sílvia V.
Cookson, Richard
Correia-de-Sá, Paulo
Correia, Diana
Correia, Joana
Correia, Luís
Correia, Sónia C.
Costa-Rodrigues, João
Costa, Jéssica
Costa, Madalena
Costa, Manuel J.
Costa, Patrício
Coutinho, Susana
Couto, Miriam
Crasto, Carlos
Cruz, Agostinho
Cruz, Eduardo Brazete
Cruz, Joana
Cruz, Rui
Cunha, Ana Rita
Cunha, Helena
Cunha, Maria João
Cunha, Sabrina
Cunha, Sofia
Cunha, Sophie
49
10,
34,
3,
98
122, 123
131
156, 157, 159, 161,
164, 165, 188
140
48
9, 63
77, 181
16
110
23
86
51
116
33
24
24
83
95, 177, 179
147, 158
16, 59, 107, 169
62
69
139
112
173
45
153
79
176
D
D’Almeida, Otília
Delgado, Margarida
Dias, Alberto C.P.
Dias, Bruno
Dinis, Patrícia
Domingues, Bruno
Dores, Artemisa R.
Duarte-Araújo, Margarida
Duarte, Diana
Duarte, Vinicius
Duport, Sophie
85
76
14, 15, 75
189
136
156, 157
22, 26, 92, 191
77, 181
160
191
91
F
Faias, Joaquim
Fernandes, Ana
Fernandes, Ângela
204
19
102
161, 164, 165, 174,
175, 188, 190
Fernandes, António
Fernandes, João
Fernandes, Maria H.
Fernandes, Rúben
Ferreirinha, Fátima
Ferro-Lebres, Vera
Fialho, Graça
Figueiredo-Braga, M.
Fiúza, Carolina
Fleming, Miguel
Folha, Dália
Fonte, Pedro
Fontoura, Mariana
Franco, Joana C.
Freitas, Ana Sofia
Freitas, Carla
Freitas, Kátia
Freitas, Marisa
Freitas, Monica
Frutuoso, José Amaro
Frutuoso, Liliana
113, 136, 173, 180
60, 149
51, 110
51, 66, 109, 111, 113,
135
59, 107
51, 109, 110, 111
24
88
169
73, 74
9,
70
87
48, 58
109
17
184
143
130
89
50, 99, 100, 125, 127,
128, 129
77
136, 180
162
23
96, 183
153
141
15
68
152
80
82
150
117, 120
105
27, 145
119
G
Gabriel, Joaquim
Galbis-Estrada, C.
Galhardo, Vasco
García-Medina, J.
Geraldo, Inês
Gill-Thwaites, Helen
Gomes, Ana
Gomes, Isabel Taveira
Gomes, Jorge Caiado
Gomes, Lavínia
Gomes, Marcos
Gomes, Paulo Veloso
Gomes, Sara
146
132
42
132
163
91
25
23
140
168
137
72
120
Fernandes, Sara
Ferraz, Ricardo
Ferreira-Valente, A.
Ferreira, Ana Isabel
Ferreira, Andreia
Ferreira, Brígida
Ferreira, C.
Ferreira, Hugo
Ferreira, Hugo Al.
Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.
Ferreira, Joana
Ferreira, José A.
Ferreira, Lais
Ferreira, Maria
Ferreira, Marta
Ferreira, Sérgio
Ferreira, Stéphanie
Gomes, Sofia
Gonçalves-Monteiro, S.
Gonçalves, Francisca
Gonçalves, Ricardo
Gonzalez, Sergio del Rio
Graça, André Mendes
Grilo, Ana
Groba, Betania
Guarino, M.P.
Guerra, Jéssica
Guillén, Carlos
Guimarães, Carina
16
77, 181
105, 186
84
30
88
25
148
9, 74
140
20
J
Jacobsohn, Lia
Jácomo, António
Jesus, André
Jesus, Ângelo
140
187
105, 186
130
K
Khouri, Leila
73, 74
L
La Fuente, José
Landeck, Jorge
Largo, Brito
Leal, Rafaela
Leitão, Céu
Lima, Cristovão F.
Lima, Luís
Lima, Sofia
Lopes, Alexandra
Lopes, Alexandre
Lopes, Daniela
Lopes, Joana C.
Lopes, Mónica
Lopes, Paula
Lopes, Sofia
Louçano, Ana
Loureiro, Isabel
70
131
45
122, 123
149
14
16, 17
52
6,
183
161, 164, 165, 188
152
194
83
168, 177, 179
98
53
M
Macedo, Rui
Machado, Isabel
Machado, Jorge
Machado, José Carlos
Machado, Nuno
Machado, Sérgio
Maciel, Patrícia
Magalhães-Cardoso, M. T.
Magalhães, Andreia
Magalhães, José Sanches
Maia, Dulce
55, 81, 90, 170
153
146
8,
174, 175
194
41
77
19, 22, 26
31
16
Malva, João O.
Marco-Ramírez, C.
Marques-Teixeira, João
Marques, Ana
Marques, António
Marques, Guilhermina
Marques, Sonya
Martins, Bibiana
Martins, Diana
Martins, Helena
Martins, Raquel
Martins, Rosário
Martins, Tânia
Mateus, Catarina
Mateus, Nuno
Matos, Marta
Matos, Paula
Matos, Tiago
McNulty , Jonathan
Medeiros, Rui
Melo, B.F.
Melo, Cristina A.
Melo, Rosa
Mendes-Henriques, V.
Mendes, Andreia
Mendes, Joana
Mendonça, Paula
Mesquita, Cristina
Mesquita, Inês
Miranda, Joana
Miranda, Leonor
Moizão, Fábia
Monteiro, Fátima
Monteiro, Joana
Monteiro, Joana S.
Monteiro, Pedro
Montes, António M.
Morais, Rita
Moreira, Anabela
Moreira, Fernando
Moreira, Paula I.
Moreira, Sofia
Moreira, Soraia
Moreira, Teresa
Morgado, Joaquim
Mota-Cardoso., Rui
Mota-Pereira, Jorge
Mota, Carla Lopes
Mota, Jorge
7,
132
83
125
37, 38, 39, 40, 129,
133, 134, 148
121
121
171
32
22, 26
23
60
183
85
193
174, 175
161, 164, 165, 188
162
2,
16, 17,
9,
56, 80, 82, 95, 146,
158, 185
172
77, 181
178
144
150
168, 177, 179
183
126
19, 153
149
125
23
24
78, 95, 186
56, 80, 147, 158, 185
120
50, 95, 99, 100, 125,
127, 128, 129
49
86
179
67, 124
50, 99, 100, 125, 127,
128, 129
59, 107
23
16
78
177, 179
205
Mota, Sandra
Moura, Daniela
Moura, Lara
Mucha, Ana P.
Munteanu, Cristian R.
50, 99, 100, 125, 127,
128, 129
122, 123
129
118
148
N
Nascimento, Marisa
Neto, Ana
Neto, Maria
Neves, Daniel
Nieto, Laura
Nogueira, Luísa
Nogueira, Rosete
Noites, Andreia
Noronha, João Paulo
Nunes, Mafalda
Nunes, Rui
57
57
173
45
148
70
137
82, 95, 146
51, 109, 110, 111
106, 108, 119, 121
4,
O
Oliveira, Alexandra
Oliveira, Ana
Oliveira, Ana Isabel
Oliveira, Bibiana
Oliveira, Carla
Oliveira, Rita Ferraz
Oliveira, Rosa
Oliveira, Rui S.
Oliveira, Sofia
19
106, 19
14, 15, 75, 104
161, 164, 165, 188
57
59, 107, 176
19, 113, 153
60, 118, 121
111
P
Pais, Vanessa G.
Paraíso, Nilson
Patrício, Brígida
Patrício, Rafael
Pazos, Alejandro
Pedrosa, Raquel
Pedroso, João P.
Peixoto, Ana
Peixoto, Ana Maria
Penarroias, Armandina
Pereira, Ana
Pereira, Ana Rita
Pereira, Andressa
Pereira, Cátia
Pereira, Filipe
Pereira, H. Sofia
Pereira, Javier
Pereira, Luísa
Pereira, Mariana
Pereira, Marisa
Pereira, Olívia R.
23
14
44, 84
142
148
23
26
144
160
167
48, 173, 192
145, 151
113
122, 123
118
76
148
40
173
162
142, 143, 163
206
Peres, Patrícia
Perry, George
Petrovski, Željko
Pimenta, Rui
Pimentel, Helena
Pimentel, Paulo
Pina, Ana
Pina, Maria João
Pinazo-Durán, M.D.
Pinheiro, Ana
Pinheiro, Rita
Pinho, Cláudia
Pinho, Joana
Pinho, Micaela
Pinho, Tiffany
Pinto, Isabel C.
Pinto, Joana
Pinto, Mariana Soares
Pinto, Susana
Pires, Mariana
Pires, Tânia
Pombo, Graça
Portugal, Paula
Pousada, Thais
Preto, Marco
Prudêncio, Cristina
Q
Queirós, Cristina
147
86
51, 109, 110, 111
192
58
16
108
122, 123
132
55
90
14, 15, 75, 104
156, 157
63
86
142, 143, 163
82
81
173
50
57
48
161, 164, 165
148
60
51, 59, 66, 79, 107,
109, 110, 111, 132, 135
Queiroz, João
Quintela, Sara
37, 38, 39, 40, 133,
134, 148
2,
117
R
Regateiro, Fernando J.
Regis, Wiliam C.B.
Reis, Aldina
Relvas, Rita
Reynolds, Frances
Ribeiro-Silva, Raquel
Ribeiro-Varandas, Edna
Ribeiro, Bibiana
Ribeiro, Carlos
Ribeiro, Clara
Ribeiro, Eduardo
Ribeiro, Filipa
Ribeiro, Inês
Ribeiro, José Carlos
Ribeiro, Maria
Ribeiro, M.J.
Ribeiro, Ricardo
Ribeiro, Vânia
4,
58
85
100
91
23
76
194
193
119
70
88
118
136, 180
57, 98, 167
9, 87
155
Ribeiro, Vítor
Rocha, Nuno Barbosa
Rodrigues, Daniela
Rodrigues, Filipe S.
Rodrigues, Matilde
Rosário, Pedro
Rosmaninho, Marina
Ruano, Teresa
158
184, 194
193
87
53, 64, 101, 114, 171
20
48
81
S
Sá, Ana
Sacramento, J. F.
Salgado, Ana
Salgado, Henrique
Salgueira, Ana
Salgueiro, Nídia
Santos-Rita, Joana
Santos, Adriana
Santos, Ana Maria
Santos, Ana Sucena
Santos, Bruno Silva
Santos, Cecília Fernandes
Santos, Chiara
Santos, Cláudia
Santos, Inês
Santos, Joana
Santos, Liane
Santos, Lúcio
Santos, Luís M.
Santos, Margarida
Santos, Maria Angeles L.
Santos, Maria José
Santos, Marlene
Santos, Nuno
Santos, Paula
Santos, Paula Clara
Santos, Rita
Santos, Rubim
Santos, Teresa
Santos, Vanessa Silva
Saraiva, Maria João
Sarmento, Bruno
Schmitt, Fernando
Seixas, Andrea
Silva, Ana
Silva, Ana Filipa
Silva, Ana Rita
Silva, Ana Sofia
Silva, Ângela
Silva, Augusta
Silva, Cátia
Silva, Daniela
171
9, 19, 20, 22, 26
23
24
172
25
57
141
69, 189
35
133
118
58
149
102, 103
62
17
193
25
4,
44
16, 112, 115
59, 107
168
62, 177, 179
56, 61, 80, 96, 158
89, 161, 164, 165, 170,
184, 188
39
177
193
15, 75
32
114
19
61, 69, 189
189
161, 164, 165, 188
167
89
137
153
Silva, Diana
Silva, Diogo
Silva, Elisabete
Silva, Filipa R
Silva, Liliana
Silva, Manuela Vieira
Silva, Maria
Silva, Nuno
Silva, Paula
Silva, Pedro Brás da
Silva, Pedro Mujo
Silva, Regina A.
Silva, Rita Pilar
Silva, Sofia
Silva, Vera Cabral
Simões-Silva, Vitor
Simões, Inês
Soares, Helena
Soares, Isabel
Soares, Rafaela
Sobral, Dilermando
Sousa, Aida
Sousa, Andreia
Sousa, Andreia S.P.
Sousa, Mariana
Sousa, Marisa
Sousa, Rodrigo
Sousa, Sara
Sousa, Sónia
Sousa, Zita
Summavielle, Teresa
53
183
52
23
40
117
150
56
170
46
134
27, 33, 65, 122, 123,
151
141
141
46
184
55
53
48
58
23
101
89
55, 81, 90
97
136
88
68, 178
122, 123
22, 26
43
T
Tavares, Diana
Tavares, Joana
Teixeira, Dulce
Teixeira, Liliana C.
Teixeira, Madalena
Teles, Ana
Teles, Sofia
Texeira, Joana
Tomé, David
Trancoso, Ana
Trigueiro, Maria João
Tulekian, Isabelle
184, 187, 191, 192
36
66, 135
91
82
23
61
180
83
127
54
45
V
Vale, Ana Paula
Vale, Cláudia
Valente, Cristiana
Valente, Vanessa
Varela, Catarina
189
64
54
54
137
207
Ventura, Liliana
Ventura, Sandra Rua
Viamonte, Sofia
Viana, Fernanda L.
Viana, João
Viegas, Wanda
Vieira, Ágata
Vieira, Filipa Quintela
208
183
71, 97, 126, 138
146
69
68
76
146
33, 122, 123, 181
Vieira, Mónica
Vilarinho, Rui
Vitó, Isabel
59, 66, 79, 107, 109,
111, 135
95
28
Z
Zanón-Moreno, V.
Zenha, Joana
Zhu, Xiongwei
132
104
86
Organização do IICISGP
Rua de Valente Perfeito, 322
4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia
PORTUGAL
t. +351 222 061 000
f. +351 222 061 001
e. [email protected]
w. www.estsp.ipp.pt
209

abstracts book - ESTSP - Politécnico do Porto

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