Protesi Caviglia - Prof. Marco Guelfi

Transcription

Protesi Caviglia - Prof. Marco Guelfi
Indicazioni, limiti,
risultati e
complicanze
della protesi di
caviglia
M. Guelfi
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Caviglia dolorosa
•
•
•
•
zoppia
dolore
limitazione funzionale
fallimento cure conservative
Soluzione
chirurgica
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Quale chirurgia ?
•
•
•
•
•
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Artroscopia
Artrodesi
Artroprotesi
Allograft
Biotecnologie
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Quale chirurgia ?
• Allograft
• Biotecnologie
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Quale chirurgia ?
• Artroscopia
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Quale chirurgia ?
• Artrodesi
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Artrodesi Caviglia
Buon compenso
funzionale
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Artrodesi Caviglia
Buon compenso
funzionale
solo
apparente
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Artrodesi Caviglia
Danno sovrasgmentario
•Ginocchio
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Artrodesi Caviglia
Danno sovrasgmentario
•Anca
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Artrodesi Caviglia
Danno mediotarsica
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Charles Salzman
20% di cattivi
risultati in Pz.
sottoposti ad
artrodesi di
tibio-tarsica
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Artroprotesi Caviglia
La protesi di caviglia fa parte delle procedure
accettate in ortopedia.
Nel corso degli ultimi dieci anni il moltiplicarsi dei
casi trattati e la loro valutazione post operatoria
hanno permesso di mettere in luce il perché di molti
fallimenti.
E conseguentemente si sono sviluppati nuovi disegni
per una funzione migliore e una maggiore durata
dell’impianto.
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Artroprotesi Caviglia
•
•
•
4° generazione
non cementate
menisco mobile
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Indicazioni
• Artrosi primaria
• Artrosi secondaria
• Artrite reumatoide
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Artrosi primaria
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Artrosi secondaria
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Artrite reumatoide
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Controindicazioni
• Osteomielite
ASSOLUTE
• Osteonecrosi
• Osteomalacia
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Controindicazioni
•
•
•
Indicazione
Calli ossei viziosi RELATIVE
ad eseguire
tempi
Difetti d’asse
chirurgici
Instabilità
accessori
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Tempi chirurgici accessori
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Tempi chirurgici accessori
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Tempi chirurgici accessori
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Tempi chirurgici accessori
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Tempi chirurgici accessori
Instabilità esterna
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Tempi chirurgici accessori
Instabilità esterna
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Analisi dei risultati
• Casistica limitata
• Follow-up breve
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For Analysis of Bone Remodeling
Two Methods
‰
Traditional X-ray
‰
DEXA
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X-Ray:
alignment
fit
no lucency
no loosening
F.Up 8 mm.
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X-Ray:
alignment
lucency<1mm
Bone growth
no loosening
F.Up 30 mm.
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X-Ray:
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GRUEN areas marked
in AES prosthesis
to assess evolutive
X-ray lucency or
loosening as
reported by Giannini
for the BOX
S. Giannini 2004
For Analysis of Bone Remodeling
Two Methods
‰
Traditional X-ray
‰
DEXA
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DEXA
dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
-DEXA is the most precise and significant method for
Bone Mineral Density study.
-Gruen areas are significant like BIOMECHANICAL
VALUE: DEXA shows not only the quantity of bone,
but the biomechanical behavior.
-DEXA connot replace traditional X-Ray methods to
analysis of prosthesis failure.
-Only a LONGITUDINAL DEXA analysis has the
requisites to be considered reliable.
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DEXA technical caracteristics
Expert – XL
‰
‰
‰
‰
‰
(Lunar Inc.)
Software 1,72
Rotation 0° default
Implant lenght 8 – 10 cm
Precision : 0,01 – 0,03 g/ cm2
Excellent resolution
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DEXA analysis timing
1°……… Since 4° week p. o.
2°………………
4° mo
3°………………
8° mo
4°……………… 12° mo
5°……………
36° mo
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CASES
Patients
Patients
Age
Age
23
23
Mean
Mean 68
68
(( F/
F/ M
M == 11/12
11/12 ))
Max
Max
Min
Min
80
80 yrs
yrs
45
45 yrs
yrs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
O.A.
77
O.A. primary
primary
O.A.
O.A. post-traum.
post-traum. 14
14
R.A.
22
R.A.
Follow
Follow Up
Up
Min.
Min. 18
18 m.
m. Max.42
Max.42 m.
m.
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CASES 23
The record of cases is
Consecutive and Homogeneus
Same implant
Same surgical approach
Same post-operative protocol
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DEXA scan
must be performed
lateral – front view
12 mm.post-op.
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DEXA scan
operated
must be performed in
& non-operated side
12 mm. post-op.
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West and Gruen
reported that
“there is always
a decrease in BMD
in the operated hip”
( West, 87 – Gruen, 87 )
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In our series
the average of
BMD decrease
at 12 months F.U.
in operated ankle
is 14%
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PHERIPROSTHETIC
BMD values in TAR
lower
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AUTHOR
FOLLOW
UP
BMD
decrease
1y
25 – 32 %
KIRATLI et al.1992
HIP
HUGHES et al.1995
HIP
NISHI
HIP
2y
HIP
3y
et al.1997
PALERMO-PIPINO 1999
GUELFI et al. 2005
ANKLE
2–4 y
1 y
17 - 34 %
7 -15 %
10 – 20 %
3 %
14 %
The comparison between ankle and hip data
shows that time influences BMD decrease
infact in the series with long follow up
there is better BMD
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DEXA
PREDICTIVE of ABNORMAL RESPONSE
to SURGERY and PREMONITORY
of LATER PROBLEMS
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Insuccessi
Mobilizzazione
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Artrodesi dopo mobilizzazione
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Diagnosi precoce di mobilizzazione
•
•
•
Clinica
Radiografica
Dexa
Conservazione del
bone stock
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Protesi dopo mobilizzazione
Protesi
dedicate
da revisione
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Protesi dopo mobilizzazione
Custom made
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