Ch. 1 Managerial Accounting in the Information Age (Jiambalvo)

CHAPTER 1
Managerial Accounting
In the
Information Age
Slide 1-2
Managerial Accounting
( pp. 4-6)
 Managerial accounting is designed for
internal users
(Internal Reporting vs. External Reporting)
 The goal of Managerial Accounting is to
provide the information managers need for
- Planning
- Control
- Decision making
Slide 1-3
Learning objective 1: State the primary goal of
managerial accounting
Planning ( p. 4)
單位成本 = $0.518 ($2,590,000 / 5,000,000)
Special Order $0.51 ?
單位變動成本 = $0.41 (1,500,000+400,000+150,000) / 5,000,000
單位固定成本 = $0.048 (60,000+80,000+100,000) / 5,000,000
Slide 1-4
Learning objective 2: Describe how budgets
are used in planning
Planning and Control Process
( p. 5)
編制預算
實際成本
預算 vs.實際
績效評量
Learning objective 3: Describe how performance reports are
used in the control process
Slide 1-5
Sample Performance Report
績效評量 (實際 vs. 預算)
( p. 6)
Slide 1-6
Learning objective 3: Describe how performance reports are
used in the control process
Managerial vs. Financial
Accounting ( p. 7)
Unlike Financial Accounting, Managerial
Accounting:
 Is directed at internal users
 May deviate from GAAP
 Presents more detailed information
 May present more nonmonetary
information (顧客滿意度, 不良率, Lead time,…)
 Places more emphasis on the future
Slide 1-7
Learning objective 4: Distinguish between financial
and managerial accounting
Cost Terminology ( p. 8)
Variable Costs (直接材料,直接人工,..)
- Change in proportion to changes in volume or activity
Slide 1-8
Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Cost Terminology ( p. 9)
Fixed Costs (折舊,保險費,房地產稅)
- Do not change in response to changes in volume or
activity
Slide 1-9
Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Cost Terminology ( p. 9)
Sunk Costs 沉沒成本
- Costs incurred in the past
- Not relevant to present decisions
Opportunity Costs 機會成本
- Values of benefits foregone when
selecting one alternative over another
Slide 1-10
Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in planning,
control, and decision making
Cost Terminology
 Direct and indirect costs直接成本&間接成本
- Direct costs are directly traceable to a
product, activity, or department, indirect
costs are not traceable (Allocation分攤 )
 Controllable & noncontrollable costs
- A manager can influence controllable
costs but cannot influence noncontrollable costs可控制成本&不可控制成本
Slide 1-11
Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Direct and Indirect Cost ( P. 10)
保險費
直接成本
間接成本
直接材料,直接人工
Slide 1-12
Allocation:
水電費
保險費
房地產稅
機器折舊
間接人工
Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Two Key Ideas in Managerial
Accounting ( pp. 10-11)
增額分析
Performance Measures Drive Behavior
Slide 1-13
Learning objective 6: Explain the two key
ideas in managerial accounting
The Value Chain ( p. 14)
Material
Warehouse
Finished Good
Shipping
基礎建設
(HR or People Team)
(R & D)
採購
Slide 1-14
Learning objective 7: Discuss the impact of information technology on competition, business processes and
the interactions companies have with suppliers and customers
Impact of Software Systems
on the Value Chain (p. 15)
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
- Computerize inventory control and production
planning
 Supply Chain Management (SCM)
- Organization of activities between a company and
its suppliers
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
- Manages a variety of customer interactions
Slide 1-15
Learning objective 7: Discuss the impact of information technology on competition, business processes and
the interactions companies have with suppliers and customers
Customer Relationship
Management (p. 19)
Slide 1-16
Learning objective 7: Discuss the impact of information technology on competition, business processes
and the interactions companies have with suppliers and customers
Ethical and Unethical Behavior
(pp. 16-17)
Examples of unethical behavior不道德的行為
 Enron managers mislead investors by hiding debt,
i.e. Kenneth Lay, CEO, found guilty of fraud
 WorldCom overstated profits, i.e. Bernard Ebbers,
CEO, received a 25 year prison sentence
 Dennis Kozlowski, head of Tyco, was charged with
avoiding taxes
 Sam Waksal, cofounder of IMClone, was charged
with insider trading
Slide 1-17
Learning objective 8: Describe a framework
for ethical decision making
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (p. 17)
 Enacted by Congress in July 2002 (SOX Act)
 Requires CEO and CFO to certify that the financial
statements do not contain any untrue statements or
omissions
 Bans certain types of work by the company’s
auditors to ensure their independence
 Provides for longer jail sentences and larger fines
for executives (i.e. fines up to $5 million and jail
terms up to 20 years)
 Requires companies to report on the existence and
reliability of internal controls
Slide 1-18
Learning objective 8: Describe a framework
for ethical decision making
Organizational Chart for the
Controller’s Office (p. 20)
Slide 1-19
Learning objective 9: Discuss the duties of the controller, the treasurer, the chief
information officer, and the chief financial officer