docTratamiento previo al vertido de todos los residuos no recogidos
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Tratamiento previo al vertido de todos los residuos no recogidos
Tratamiento previo al vertido de todos los residuos no recogidos selectivamente Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer Witzenhausen Institut - Alemania Background of waste management in Germany Incineration todays standard treatment process of MSW after separation at source Landfilling high standard with double lining system, advanced water treatment and gas utilisation, but............ vertederos 2016 since 2005 forbidden for untreated waste with more than 5% organic carbon Pyrolysis / Plasma No permitted plant for MSW in operation Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 German landfill ban in operation since 2005 why ? modern landfills with the very best standards still got: – poor emission control – disastrous climate balance – poor resource recovery – they are no sustainable solutions – are very expensive and are polluting air and groundwater cheap dumps are even more a danger for advanced waste treatment technology. Waste follows the cheapest road, reason enough, that competitive best technology plants run empty. 4 CO2: From Debit to Credit Emissions of Waste Management Activities in Germany From 52 Million tons in 1990 debit to almost 8 Million tons credit in 2020 Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Development of waste treatment plants treatment plants 1984 1990 1993 1996 2007 Incineration 46 48 56 51 72 Pyrolysis 1 1 1 1 1 Sorting 3 45 228 522 362 Composting/ Biogas 27 75 288 383 1087 Landfil* 372 295 560 426 124 *for pretreated waste Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Waste reduction and recovery A first step to thermal treatment or to landfill We tried to reduce as much as possible but there still remains a lot of worth giving residue Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 waste characteristic after seperate collection metal plastic / fossiles biomass Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Problems and Potentials of remaining waste qualities Biomass (55 %) • native organic components with high CO2 reduction potential • high water content provides problems in incineration • high water content provides high methane emissons of landfills Light fraction (plastic) (15%) • • Market potentials due to international oil price poor quality, depending on collection systems Metal (up to 4%) • Aluminium is the most attractive component but requires sophisticated separation technologies Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Incineration and heating value In order to achieve a reliable operation the heating value should not be much less than 7.000 kj/kg That might be difficult in different areas and in different times of the year Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Different targets of pretreatment • just to improove the behaviour of a subsequent treatment process like incineration or landfill • separation of light fraction (RDF) • generation of plastic fractions • generation of metal fractions • generation of a biomass fraction • generation of glass fractions • generation of water Everything is feasable. The question is the economy of the process Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Market arguments I Waste: calorific value of 8 Mj/kg < > 200 ltr crude oil equivalent or in other words; 40 to 283 Dollars/ton Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Market arguments II Worth giving components to be seperated 1. fossile and non fossile energy 2. plastic 3. metals 4. glass 5. stones 6. water Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 products of complete separation RDF 53% Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Products refuse derived fuel RDF sorted out of mixed waste dry material (max. 15% moisture content) sortet out metals stones and water storabel attitudes (dry stabilate) high content of biomass qualities due to market demands Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Products plastic to plastic • more than ten different qualities can be sorted out efficiently • possible problems with compound materials • possible problems with odour, due to collection history situation relevant technique due to market Polypropylen Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Polyethylene Tenerife 10-06-2016 Products ferreous and non ferreous metal high purities require sophisticated techniques low purities find reduced market prices ferreous Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut non ferreous Tenerife 10-06-2016 Products out of mixed waste: glass Feasibility has been shown in large scale plant (Asslar) • all colours like white, green, brown glass are feasable • high purities, equal to seperate collection can be achieved The question is, if you really need it Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Products out of mixed waste: stones Stones sorted out, washed, sieved (grinded) and prepared for the market Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Products Water out of mixed waste: water condensated, treated by ultrafiltration used for industrial purposes Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Tratamiento previo al vertido de todos los residuos no recogidos selectivamente Need of individual solutions depending of the local situation and the world wide market Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Technologies Sophisticated technologies are easily available • • • • • • shredders sieves infraread, x-ray eddy current hydro and air separation advanced computer technology Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Utilisation of RDF in Germany MSW plants MVA17% 17,0% Sonstigothers 6,0% cement plants 12% RDF power plants 55% 12,0% cocombustion coal plants 10% 10,0% total amount: ca. 4 Mio. Mg/a Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Other separated fractions for recovery *source ASA Grundmann, Germany, Kasseler Abfall und Bioenergieforum 2016 Fe-Metalle 62,3% othersSonstiges 4,5% ferreous metal 62% Stones 17% Plastic 0,3% Wood 6% Electronic scrap 0,5% non ferreous 9% Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Solutions Adaquate solutions require an individual plant design: • efficient and prooven technology is easily available • long time experiance can be seen no general solutions can bere commended A valid balance between local demands, the general market situation for products and the available treatment technology has to be found Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016 Pretreatment in Germany 44 Plants 5,2 Mio t/a Its future is unknown Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Schlesw igHolstei Hamburg Mecklenbu n rgBremen Brandenb Niedersach Vorpomme Berlin sen rn urg Sachs Nordrh eneinAnhalt Sachse Westfal Hessen Thüring n en en Rheinla ndSaarland Pfalz BadenBayern Württem berg Tenerife 10-06-2016 Waste is a volatile item. It always tries to find the cheapest way to escape Gracias por su attencion Prof. Dr. Klaus Wiemer - Witzenhausen Institut Tenerife 10-06-2016
