Appendix - Department of Classics

Transcription

APPENDIX
Of Images and Tables
INTRODUCTION
PAGE
Figure I.1: Finely Dressed, Bare-Breasted Women on the Impression Made by a Gold Signet Ring from
Mycenae (CMS I.017)
160
Figure I.2: “Women are Flowers”
161
Figure I.3: Modern Flower-Wearing Female Tourists amid the LBA Ruins at Mycenae
162
Figure I.4: The Range in Scale of Seal and Signet Ring Impressions
163
CHAPTER 1—Vegetal Vocabulary: The Vegetal Elements and Their Units
PAGE
Figure 1.1: Floral Anatomy, The Major Units of Flowers
164
Figure 1.2: Arboreal Element Type 1, Trunks with bunches of foliage at top
165
Figure 1.3: Arboreal Element Type 2, Young, fruiting (?) or flowering (?) trees and tree growth
166
Figure 1.4: Arboreal Element Type 3, Palm trees
166
Figure 1.5: Arboreal Element Type 4, Long exposed trunk, Foliate Band at top
167
Figure 1.6: Arboreal Element Type 5, Long, straight branches spreading off of trunk, obvious roots
167
Figure 1.7: Arboreal Element Type 6, Massive, gnarled trunk and thick limbs
167
Figure 1.8: Arboreal Element Type 7, “Fig” or “mulberry” tree
168
Figure 1.9: Arboreal Element Type 8, “Olive” tree
168
Figure 1.10 A-G: Flowering Element Type 1, Lilies
169-70
Figure 1.11: Flowering Element Type 2, Papyrus plants
171-3
Figure 1.12: Flowering Element Type 3, “Fanning petaloid lines”
174
Figure 1.13: Photograph of Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus)
174
Figure 1.14: Flowering Element Type 4, Poppy capsules
174
Figure 1.15: Flowering Element Type 5, Crocuses and stigmas
175-6
Figure 1.16: Flowering Element Type 6, Dots + a stem and/or leaves
177
Figure 1.17: Flowering Element Type 7, “Roses” and “rosettes”
178
[155]
Figure 1.18: Flowering Element Type 8, “Iris”
179
Figure 1.19: Flowering Element Type 9, Martagon lily(?)
179
Figure 1.20: Photogaphy of Actual Martagon Lily
179
Figure 1.21: Flowering Element Type 10, Y-shape with central lines and dots
180
Figure 1.22: Flowering Element Type 11, Stems with circular flower or coils
180
Figure 1.23: Flowering Element Type 12, Budding flower between basal leaves
180
Figure 1.24: Flowering Element Type 13, V-shaped flower
180
Figure 1.25: Other Vegetal Element Type 1, Branching line segments
181
Figure 1.26: Other Vegetal Element Type 2, Squills
182
Figure 1.27: Other Vegetal Element Type 3, Foliate Band elements
183-4
Figure 1.28: Other Vegetal Element Type 4, “Lanceolate” element with dotted border
184
Figure 1.29: Other Vegetal Element Type 5, Stems and leaves
184
Figure 1.30: Other Vegetal Element Type 6, Sheaves
185
Figure 1.31: Other Vegetal Element Type 7, Reeds with rounded foliage
185
Figure 1.32: Other Vegetal Element Type 8, Reed or grass
185
Figure 1.33: Other Vegetal Element Type 9, Bushy, foliate “Dreiblatt”
186
Figure 1.34: Other Vegetal Element Type 10, Bulb with branching leaves
186
Figure 1.35: Other Vegetal Element Type 11, Cordiform/ “ivy” leaves
186
Figure 1.36: Other Vegetal Element Type 12, Curving leaves, possible Palm II units
187
Figure 1.37: Other Vegetal Element Type 13, Stems for palm fronds (?)
187
Figure 1.38: Other Vegetal Element Type 14, “Saw branch”
188
Figure 1.39: Other Vegetal Element Type 15, Long stick/staff with potential foliage at top
188
Figure 1.40: Other Vegetal Element Type 16, Staff with vegetal finial
188
Table 1.1: Vegetal Elements Present but Too Worn or Small to be Classified
189
CHAPTER 2—Maidens, Matrons, and Morphemes: The Female Figure and Her Units
PAGE
Figure 2.1: Hairstyles that Appear in Two or More Scenes within the Dataset
190-6
Figure 2.2: Hairstyles that Are Unique to a Single Scene or Object within the Dataset
197-203
Table 2.1 A: Head Depicted, No Hair Indicated
204
Table 2.1 B: No Human Head, Thus no Hair
204
[156]
Table 2.1 C: Hair Clearly Indicated but Hairstyle Unclear Due to State of Preservation
204
Table 2.1 D: Unclear if Hair is Depicted or Not Due to State of Preservation
205
Table 2.1 E: Presence of Hair and/or Hairstyle Unclear due to Image Quality or Ambiguous Marks within the
Scene
205
Table 2.2: Female Figures Depicted with Well-Preserved and Well-Developed Breasts
206-8
Figure 2.3 Breasts of Sexually Mature Female Figures from the Large-Scale Frescoes of Akrotiri
209
Figure 2.4: Two Contrasting Figures from the Thebes “Frauenfries” Fresco
210
Figure 2.5: CMS II.3.326
211
Figure 2.6: CMS VS3.080
211
Figure 2.7: The Chests of the “Saffron Gatherers,” from Xeste 3, Akrotiri, Suggesting the Early Stages of
Puberty
211
212
Figure 2.9: CMS I.017
212
Figure 2.10: Breasts Visible Through Clothing
213
Figure 2.11: Breasts Visible, Perhaps Through Clothing
214
Figure 2.12: Variation in Exposure of Foot/Ankle/Lower Leg Units
215
Table 2.3 A-K: Variation in Exposure of Foot/Ankle/Lower Leg Units
216-20
Figure 2.12.2: Image from an 1868 issue of Harper’s Bazaar illustrating age-related conventions concerning
skirt length for young women
221
Table: 2.4 A: Clothing On Torso
222-31
Table 2.4 B: Female Figures for Which Presence of Absence of Clothing on Torso Cannot be Determined Due
to State of Preservation or Very Small Size of Figure
232
Figure 2.13: Variation in Girdles/Waistbands
233
Table 2.5 A-M: Girdle Classification
234-237
Figure 2.14: Bare Legs Visible Through Diaphanous and/or Form-Hugging Cuffed Pantaloons
238
Figure 2.15: Types of Garments Worn below the Waist
239
Figure 2.16: Hats
240
Figure 2.17: Headdresses
241
Figure 2.18 A: Hair Bindings—Fillets and Headbands
242-3
Figure 2. 18 B: Hair Bindings—Ribbon Looped at Front of Head and Around Thick Tresses
244
Figure 2.18 C: Hair Bindings—Fabric Wrapped Around or into Updo
244
[157]
Figure 2.19: Real and Artificial Vegetal Elements in Hair
245
Figure 2.20: Earrings
246
Figure 2.21 A: Beaded Necklaces of Spherical Beads
247
Figure 2.21 B : Beaded Necklaces of Other Bead Shapes and Combinations
248
Figure 2.21 C: Chokers
249
Figure 2.21 D: Obvious Garlands
250
Figure 2.21 E: Glytic and Ivory—Single Necklace or Garland Indicated by Solid Line
251
Figure 2.21 F: Glyptic— Two Necklaces Indicated by Solid Lines
252
Figure 2.21 G : Solid Choker
252
Figure 2.21 H: Solid “Torque” or Neck-ring
253
Figure 2.21 I: Two Lines Indicating Necklace(s)
253
Figure 2.22: Tassels and Dress Beads
254
Figure 2.23: Armbands
255
Figure 2.24: Bracelets
256
Figure 2.25: Anklets
257
Figure 2.26: Poses of Figures not Depicted Standing Upright
258
Figure 2.27 A: Female Figures of (Slightly) Different Heights as a Result of Attempts to Show Perspective
259
Figure 2.27 B: Scenes Including Small-Scale, “Floating” Female Figures
260-1
Figure 2.27 C: Small-Scale Female Figures that do not Float above the Scene—Apparently Youths (?)
262
Figure 2.27 D: Other Scenes Involving Distinctions in Relative Size among Female Figures
262-3
Figure 2.28 A: “Bird Women” (with Human Heads, Skirts, and Feet + Bird Wings) Associated VE
264
Figure 2.28 B: “Bird Women” with Squill-like Head/Breasts
264
Figure 2.28 C: Fanning Petals Vegetal Elements above Skirts and Feet
265
Figure 2.28 D: Abstracted, Composite Female Figure—Ivy Leaf as Torso and Pendant Motif as Skirt
265
Figure 2.28 E: Goat-Bird-Woman (?) with VE as Skirt
266
CHAPTER 3—The Language at Work: Syntax, Similies, Metaphors, and Meaning
PAGE
Figure 3.1: CMS VS1A.075
267
Figure 3.2: Interplay Between the Impression and the Seal CMS VS1A.075
268
Figure 3.3: CMS: I.279
269
[158]
Figure 3.4: CMS VS1B.113
270
270
Figure 3.6: The Relationship between the Arrangement of the Flowers and the Arrangement of Female Figures
on CMS II.3.051
271
Figure 3.7: Detail of NM 8375
272
Figure 3.8: Mycenaean Figurines of the “Naturalistic” Type.
272
Figure 3.9: A Terracotta Figure from Mycenae (Myc. Mus. 69-1221)
273
Figure 3.10: CMS VI.278
274
Figure 3.11: Ivory Mirror Handles with Girls Above Palm II Leaves
275
Figure 3.12: Line Drawings of Palm II Motifs from Other Mycenaean Ivory Objects
275
Figure 3.13: Photograph of Ivory Mirror Handle NM 2899
276
Figure 3.14: An Ivory Mirror Handle from Routsi Carved to Look Like a Bouquet of Roses, NM 8343
277
Figure 3.15: Composite Female Figures Made up of a Vegetal Element and Skirts with Feet
278
278
Figure 3.17: CMS II.7.135 A and B
279
Figure 3.18: CMS XII.276b
279
Figure 3.19: Lion Hunt Dagger, Shaft Grave IV at Mycenae, Sides 1 and 2
280
Figure 3.20: Red-Figure Alabastron (Kassel 551) Showing Association of Female Figure, Palm, and Altar in
Classical Period Attic Vase Painting
281
282
[159]
Figure I.1: Finely Dressed, Bare-Breasted Women on the Impression Made by a Gold
Signet Ring from Mycenae (CMS I.017)
(Digitized archives of the Corpus der Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel)1
1
Unless otherwise noted, all images of seals, signet rings, sealings, and impressions labled with a CMS number
have been downloaded from the newly digitized archives of the Corpus der Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel.
[160]
Figure I.2: “Women are Flowers”
Four photographs from a project entitled “Women are Flowers,” metaphorically and iconically
associating women with flowers. Based on the color of their skirts and the positioning of their
legs, these women qua flowers signify different emotions: envy, passion, love, and kindness
(from left to right starting in the top row).
(http://1dak.com/people/women-are-flowers/)
[161]
Figure I.3: Modern Flower-Wearing Female Tourists amid the LBA Ruins at Mycenae
Three modern female tourists stand at the top of the ramp up to the palace at Mycenae. The
woman on the left wears a pink floral-print hat and the woman on the right wears a floral-print
dress.
(The Author)
[162]
Figure I.4: The Range in Scale of Seal and Signet Ring Impressions
Impressions of some of the smallest and largest glyptic objects included within the dataset from
the collection of the CMS archives are pictured here beside a metric ruler for scale. The
impression of CMS I.017, pictured in Figure I.1, is shown here in the upper left corner.
(The Author)
[163]
Figure 1.1: Floral Anatomy, The Major Units of Flowers
Briefly laying out some terminology regarding floral anatomy will facilitate our discussion:
Flowers are made up of petals surrounding the male and female sexual organs of the plant. The
male sexual organs, the stamens, are made up of filaments, or thin, stalk-like support structures,
which are crowned by knob-like anthers, the pollen producing and releasing unit of the flower.
The female sexual organ, the pistil, includes the stigma, a sticky tissue at the top of the pistil
which first receives the pollen in the fertilization process, the style, through which the pollen
travels, and the ovary, containing and protecting the ovules which develop into seeds when
fertilized. The petals are typically surrounded by sepals, small, modified leaf units which protect
the flower before it blooms, but on some species of plant, such as lilies, sepals are pigmented and
appear like petals.2 On some species, sepals are fused together at the base of the flower forming a
calyx tube, a pronounced ring or cup-like structure. Additional supporting leaves or bracts may
also occur beneath the flower.3 It is important to note that floral anatomy is a particularly
complicated topic and a great degree of variety occurs within the form these floral units take—
some species of crocus, for instance, have three style branches and stigmas, which are in turn
attached to the ovary of the flower,4 making them quite different from the generic flower
diagram in Figure 1.1. Despite the complexity of floral anatomy and the fact that the definitions
provided here are somewhat simplified, this discussion should at least provide adequate
background information for the discussion in this chapter and should illustrate clearly how units
of different types come together to form elements of different types.
(http://www.huhs.org/departments/agriculture/Hennes/documents/floweranatomy.pdf)
2
Rebecca Irwin, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, personal communication, March 2011.
Rebecca Irwin, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, personal communication, March 2011.
4
Porter 2000: 618. The term “stigmas” is used in discussing the saffron producing part of the branch, but in fact, the
whole style branch (including the stigmas at the ends) is gathered.
3
[164]
Figure 1.2: Arboreal Element Type 1, Trunks with bunches of foliage at top
CMS I.117 CMS I.126
CMS I.219
CMS II.3.015
CMS II.6.006
CMS VS1B.114
CMS XII.264
CMS II.3.252
CMS IS.114
CMS XI.028
HM 1700
CMS VI.279
CMS II.3.305
CMS II.3.114
CMS XI.029
HM 1700
CMS II.6.001
CMS VI.281
CMS II.6.005 CMS II.6.002 HM 1629
CMS VS1A.176
HM 989
(HM 1700, 1629, 989= Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki and Rethemiotakes 2004: fig.1, 14, 19, respectively)
[165]
Figure 1.3: Arboreal Element Type 2: Young, fruiting (?) or flowering (?) trees and tree
growth
CMS I.514 (M)
CMS II.3.326
CMS VI.277
Figure 1.4: Arboreal Element Type 3, Palm Trees
CMS VS1A.005
CMS VI.280
[166]
CMS VS1A.075
Figure 1.5: Arboreal Element Type 4: Long exposed trunk, Foliate Band at top
CMS II.3.007
Figure 1.6: Arboreal Element Type 5: Long, straight branches spreading off of trunk,
obvious roots
CMS XII.D012
Figure 1.7: Arboreal Element Type 6: Massive, gnarled trunk and thick limbs
CMS VI.227
[167]
Figure 1.8: Arboreal Element Type 7: “Fig” or “mulberry” tree
“Pastoral Scene,” Miniature Fresco, West House, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 26)
Figure 1.9 Arboreal Element Type 8: “Olive” tree
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B.
(Marinatos 1984: fig. 16)
[168]
Figure 1.10: Flowering Element Type 1, Lilies
A) Two Curving Petals with Three Stamens
Flat Anthers: 1 per Filament
CMS VS1B.113
CMS VS1B.113
“Woman with Yellow Mantle,” Xeste3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 133)
Flat Anthers: 2 per Filament
Round Anthers: 1 per Filament
NM 1258
(French 1971: fig. 3)
CMS VS3.243
Thebes, Fresco Frag. Group 5
(Reusch 1956: Taf. 2)
CMS II.3.051
B) Two Curving Petals Capped by a Line
C) Two Curving Petals with a Teardrop-Shaped
Central Unit
CMS I.279
Knossos Larnax Side A (Morgan 1987: fig. 4)
CMS I.017
D) Two Curving Petals with a “Waz” between Them
E) Two Curving Petals with No Central Units*
Tiryns Figurine with Tiryns Figurine with
Pendant Cat. No.107 pendant Cat. No. 108
Kourion
Window Crater
(The Author)
(The Author)
Knossos Larnax
(Morgan 1987: fig. 9)
Ivory plaque,
Chania Mus.
Xeste 3, Room 3b
Mochlos
(Steel 2006: fig. 3a) (Aruz 2009: no. 263) (Catling 1979-80: fig. 2a)
*Note: The flower held by FF1 on the newly discovered ivory
pyxis from Mochlos is also of this type. Our image is of too poor a
quality to illustrate this clearly and thus has not been included here.
[169]
F) Not Well Enough Preserved to Determine if a Central Unit Existed
“Kneeling Woman,” Room 14, Villa, Ayia Triada *
“Lady of the Lily,” Cult Center, Mycenae
(Militello 1999: tav. C)
(The Author)
*Note that the large projections are buds of new flowers (see below), note the elliptical anthers on long filaments.
The curving red line is thus half of a lily in bloom next to three buds.
G) Ways of Indicating Budding or Immature “Lilies”
Xeste 3, Room 3b
(Catling 1979-80: fig. 2a)
“Kneeling Woman” Fresco, Room 14,Villa, Ayia Triada
CMS I.017 (image from ring rather than impression)
CMS II.3.051
[170]
Figure 1.11: Flowering Element Type 2, Papyrus plants
A) No Internal Detail: Stemless “waz”
B) No Internal Detail
“Saffron Gatherer 1,” Dress Beads
(Doumas 1992: fig. 121)
CMS XI.030
Knossos Fresco Frag.
(Cameron and Hood 1967: pl. 12b)
C) Horizontal Division(s)
CMS VS3.243
CMS XI.020a
CMS V.728
CMS VS3.085
D) Horizontal and Vertical Division(s)
K-AD 2359 Side B
(Steel 2006: fig. 8)
Myc 69-1221
(The Author)
KAD 2359, Side A
E) Vertical Divisions
CMS XI.020a
CMS VI.321
Gold Pin from Myc. Shaft Grave 3
(Higgins 1997: fig. 207)
CMS II.6.027
House of the Ladies, Akrotiri (w/detail)
Gold Pin, Myc. Shaft Grave 3
[171]
CMS II.8.262
F) Three Bracts, No Top Border or Other Internal Detail
CMS V.422b
CMS II.6.027
CMS XIII.039
CMS III.339
G) Three Bracts with Wavy Line Forming Top,
Border of Tuft
H) Two Bracts Defining Fan Shape
No Top Border
CMS VS1B.113
CMS V.422b
I) Two or Three Bracts with Ornamental Internal Detail
Ivory Mirror Handle NM 2899
(Photo: the Author, Line drawing: Poursat 1977: pl. 32)
[172]
J) Possible Distinctions in Papyrus Maturity
i)
CMS VI.321
Distinctions in projections from tuft (none, dots, dots w/ line)
ii)
CMS III.339
VE 1
VE 2
VE 3
Distinctions in height of stem and presence or absence of spreading bracts.
[173]
Figure 1.12: Flowering Element Type 3, “Fanning petaloid lines”
CMS IX. 166
CMS IX. 167
Figure 1.13: Photograph of papyrus in nature (Cyperus papyrus)
a.
b.
(a. http://www.backyardgardener.com/seeds/product08/7168.html
b. http://www.flickr.com/photos/39312862@N00/2070071099)
Figure 1.14: Flowering Element Type 4, Poppy capsules
A)
HM 9305
B)
(Rethemiotakes 2001: pl. 38a)
[174]
CMS I.117
Figure 1.15: Flowering Element Type 5, Crocuses and stigmas
Note: Crocus flowers (or, in most cases, the stigmas that remain from them) are so abundant in the
frescoes of Xeste 3 and so similar from one depiction to the next, that there is no reason to include images
of all the stigmas depcitions here. Instead, this figure considers what remains of some of the Xeste 3
crocus elements next to other crocus elements that occur in association with women.
A) Growing in Clumps. Stigmas Indicated, Buds Indicated.
Knossos, Larger Faience Dress Plaque Knossos, Smaller Faience Dress Plaque Ayia Triada Fresco Fragment
(Polinger Foster 1979: fig. 17)
B) Growing in Clumps. Stigmas Indicated. Paint from
Flowers (and Possible Buds?) not Preserved.
C) Growing in Clumps. No Stigmas
Indicated.
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Crocus from Room 3
HM 1629
(Doumas 1992: fig. 116)
(Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki and Rethemiotakes 2004:
fig. 14)
D) Growing Near One Another on Short Stems but Not in Clumps. Stigmas Indicated.
Knossos, Larger Faience Dress Plaque
E) Picked and Held in the hand. No Stigmas Indicated.
CMS I.017
CMS VS1B.114
CMS VS1B.114
[175]
F) Crocuses as Isolated Motifs on Clothing or Jewelry.
“Goddess,” Xeste 3, Akrotiri “Veiled Girl,” Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1192: fig. 125)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 108)
Knossos Fresco Fragment, crocus-like pendant motif
(Cameron and Hood 1967: pl. 12 b)
I) Clear Example of Characteristic Flaring V-shape of Individual Stigma Pairs (Originally Projecting
from Between Crocus Petals).
Basket of “Saffron Gatherer 3,“ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 130)
G)Stigmas Gathered Into Tufts to Form Garland
H) Stigmas Collected Into Clump
“Necklace Swinger,” Xeste 3, Akrotiri
Stigmas from Crocus Plants, West House, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 102)
[176]
Figure 1.16: Flowering Element Type 6, Dots + a stem and/or leaves
CMS III.348
Bead in shape of FF, Ayia Triada
(Effinger 1996: Taf. 5o)
CMS III.358
CMS IS.134
[177]
Figure 1.17: Flowering Element Type 7, “Roses” and “rosettes”
Older Woman with Yellow Mantel, Xeste3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 133)
Pylos 41 H sw
Pylos 51a H nws Fragment (detail)
(Lang 1969: pl. E)
Thebes, “Frauenfries,” Fragment Group 10
(Poursat 1977: pl. 35)
(Lang 1969: pl. 127)
Pylos 51i H nws Fragment
(Lang 1969: pl. 34)
NM2898
41 H sw reconstructed
(Lang 1969: pl. C)
NM2898
[178]
“Frauenfries,” Thebes, Fragment Group 30
(Reusch1956: Taf. 11)
CMS III.352
Figure 1.18: Flowering Element Type 8, “Iris”
“Wounded Woman,” Adyton, Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 106)
Figure 1.19: Flowering Element Type 9, Martagon lily(?)
CMS I.017
Figure 1.20: Photogaph of Actual Martagon Lily
(Warren 2000: fig. 11)
[179]
Figure 1.21: Flowering Element Type 10, Y-shape with central lines and dots
CMS III.349
Figure 1.22: Flowering Element Type 11, Stems with circular flower or coils
CMS II.8.257
Figure 1.23: Flowering Element Type 12, Budding flower between basal leaves
CMS V.253
Figure 1.24: Flowering Element Type 13, V-shaped flower
CMS VII.141
[180]
Figure 1.25: Other Vegetal Element Type 1, Branching line segments
Simple
Y-shaped
CMS V.197
“Divided V”
CMS XI.335
NM 2450
(The Author)
CMS VI.328
CMS XI.335
CMS IX.164
Complex
CMS III.354
CMS III.364
CMS III.354
CMS XII.D012
CMS III.364
CMS XI.347
CMS VS3.080
[181]
Proto-Phi Figurine Frag.
(French 1971: pl. 14c)
Figure 1.26: Other Vegetal Element Type 2, Squills
CMS I.127
CMS I.127
CMS VI.278
CMS II.3.252
CMS II.6.002
CMS VS1A.180 CMS I.410
Squill-like:
CMS II.7.135 A
CMS II.7.135B
[182]
CMS VI.279
Figure 1.27: Other Vegetal Element Type 3, Foliate Band elements
Double
CMS II.3.007
CMS II.8.265
Ayia Triada, Villa
(Militello 1999: tav. D)
Akrtoiri, Xeste 3, Wounded Woman
(Doumas 1992: fig. 106)
NM 2899
NM 2399
(The Author)
Double, Stemless
CMS I.126
CMS I.127
NM 2898
CMS VS1B.261
[183]
(CONT)
Single Foliate Band Variety
Gold Pin,Shaft Grave III, Mycenae
(Higgins 1997: fig. 207)
(detail)
CMS I.410
Figure 1.28: Other Vegetal Element Type 4, “Lanceolate” element with dotted border
CMS I.127
Figure 1.29: Other Vegetal Element Type 5, Stems and leaves
CMS I.086
CMS VS1B.114
[184]
Figure 1.30: Other Vegetal Element Type 6, Sheaves
NM 2473, Ivory Plaque, Mycenae
“Goddess with Sheaves,” Room of the Fresco, Mycenae
(The Author)
Figure 1.31: Other Vegetal Element Type 7, Reeds with rounded foliage
CMS VI.281
“Kneeling Woman,” Room 14, Villa, Ayia Triada
Figure 1.32: Other Vegetal Element Type 8, Reed or grass
CMS II.6.001
[185]
Figure 1.33: Other Vegetal Element Type 9, Bushy, foliate “Dreiblatt”
CMS I.086
Figure 1.34: Other Vegetal Element Type 10, Bulb with branching leaves
CMS XII.276B
Figure 1.35: Other Vegetal Element Type 11, Cordiform/ “ivy” leaves
Tanagra Larnax 3
Tanagra Larnax 4a (fr)
(Vermeule 1965: pl. 27a, 26b)
Pylos 53 H nws
(Lang 1969: pl. 38))
(Vermeule 1965: pl. 27d)
Jug from tholos tomb 2,
Routsi NM 8375
(The Author)
[186]
Tanagra Laranx
from Tomb 6
(Spyropolous 1970: fig. 12)
Figure 1.36: Other Vegetal Element Type 12, Curving leaves, possible Palm II units
Ivory Mirror Handle, NM 2898
(The Author)
Ivory Mirror Handle, NM 2900
Figure 1.37: Other Vegetal Element Type 13, Stems for palm fronds (?)
A)
CMS I.410
B)
C)
A) Impression,
B) Ring, on which the lines at base of the element are more obviously linear rather than round units
C) The comparable, more fully articulated/developed element on the other side of the field
[187]
Figure 1.38: Other Vegetal Element Type 14, “Saw branch”
CMS X.270
Figure 1.39: Other Vegetal Element Type 15, Long stick/staff with potential foliage at top
CMS XI.347
Figure 1.40: Other Vegetal Element Type 16, Staff with vegetal finial
CMS V.173
[188]
Table 1.1: Vegetal Elements Present but Too Worn or Small to be Classified
Medium
Object Name
Too Small or Too Worn
Glyptic: Metal
CMS I.017
Vegetal Elements in hair of
FF1-4: Too small to establish
type
Too worn to establish type
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Glyptic: Sealing, Seal Type
Unknown
CMS I.191
CMS III.358
CMS XI.335
CMS VS1B.261
CMS VI.328
CMS VII.141
CMS IX.164
CMS II.8.275 (Sealing from
Soft Stone)
CMS VS1A.178
[189]
Figure 2.1: Hairstyles that Appear in Two or More Scenes within the Dataset
Within this figure the short hairstyles are presented first with styles involving long hair worn
down or partially down and partially up following the short hairstyles, and ponytails following
the long hairstyles. Hairstyles appearing in more than one scene have been numbered with an
RH-number, standing for “recurring hairstyles,” while the hairstyles that are unique to only one
scene within the dataset are labeled with “UH” numbers, standing for “unique hairstyle.”
RH-1) Shaved Head with Individual Locks
a) Front and back locks (Davis Stage 1)
Saffron Gatherer 1, Xeste 3
b) Front, Back, Top, and Right Side locks (Davis Stage 2)
“Priestess,” West House
(Doumas 1992: fig. 121)
“Veiled Girl,” Xeste 3
(Doumas 1992: fig. 108)
RH-2) Short Curls Worn Close to the Head
a) With additional locks (Davis Stage 3)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 119)
(Doumas 1992: fig.124)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 130)
b) Without additional locks
NM 2898
NM 2899
[190]
NM 2900
RH-3) Hair Worn Close to the Head (No Obvious Curls)
VS3.085
I.086 FF1-3 (identical)
V.728
VI.321
XII.D012
II.6.027
III.352
VS1A.055
II.3.007 (Cr, H)
IS.113 FF 2
III.364 (composite creature) VII.141 (composite creature)
Myc. Mus 69-1221
HM 9305
(The Author)
RH-3) Small Dots Rising from Top of Head, No Other Hair Indicated
CMS II.3.051, FF 1
HM 1629, FF 2
(Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki and Rethemiotakes 2004: fig. 14)
[191]
RH-4) Long Hair Worn Down: Wavy Lock of Hair in front of the Ear5
“Goddess with Sheaves,” Mycenae
“Lady with Lily,” Mycenae
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B, FF at altar
(Papaioannou 1989: pl. 15)
Female Figure from Tiryns
(The Author)
(The Author)
(The Author)
Fragment Group 51 H nws, Pylos
(Lang 1969: pl. O)
RH-5) Long Hair Worn Down: Depicted in Multiple Curving Sections or Waves
Female Figures from the House of the Ladies, Akrotiri
CMS I.279
(Doumas 1992: fig. 9, 10)
5
In Helga Reusch’s reconstruction of the “Frauenfries” from Thebes, the hair is depicted in a rather similar manner near the face,
with two strands lying in front of the ear. I cannot determine which fragments justify such a reconstruction of the hair, or if the
hair has simply been reconstructed this way based on the occurrence of this hairstyle on female figures in other Mycenaean
frescoes. While acknowledging that hair is present in the relevant fragments for this project, I have decided this hair is too poorly
preserved to classify.
[192]
RH-6) Hair Worn in Loop at Back of Head with Lock(s) Hanging Down Below Loop
CMS VS1B.113 FF1
CMS VI.278 FF1
CMS VS1B FF2
CMS XI.028
CMS VI.278 FF2
“Necklace Swinger,” Xeste 3
(Doumas 1992: fig. 102)
“Wounded Woman,”Xeste 3 (?)6
(Doumas 1992: fig. 105)
RH-7) Long Lock at Back of Head, with Loop at the Top and Beading or Dots Along Lock. Lock
Reaches to Lower Back.
“Goddess,” Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 125)
CMS I.126
CMS I.127 FF1
6
FF2
The hair of the “Wounded Woman” from Xeste 3 is not shown to be looped in the back, like that of the others, but Paul Rehak
argues that the prominent pin in the “Wounded Woman’s” hair suggests that her hair was held in a loop at the back of her head
like the hair of her companion, the “Necklace Swinger,” and that the trauma of her wounding has caused her hair to become loose
from the fillet and the hairstyle (Rehak 2004: 86-7).
[193]
RH-8) Bun on Crown of Head with Dotted Strand Hanging Down to Lower Back
CMS I.514 FF1
FF2
CMS II.3.326 FF1
FF2
FF3
CMS II.3.052, FF5
RH-9a) Long Hair Worn Down: Single Row of Dots Following Curvature of Shoulders and Upper
Arms
CMS I.126
CMS I.219
CMS II.3.015
NM 8375, Jug, Routsi
(The Author)
RH-9b) Related: One Line of Dots on Each Side, but Lines Flair Upwards as on
Other “Floating,” Small-Scale Figures (see below)
HM 1700, FF2
[194]
RH-10) Long Hair Worn Down: Segmented Locks Following the Curvature of (At Least) One
Shoulder and Upper Arm, and Additional Locks Framing the Torso and Filling the Space between
the Torso and the Arms.
HM 989
HM1700, FF1
RH-11) Long Hair Worn Down: Hair Rendered as Solid Mass Close to Head, Spitting into Long,
Separate Locks at Base of Head or Neck
Kourion Window Crater
(Steel 2006: fig.3a)
CMS VS1A.075
CMS I.017 FF5
RH-12) Several Large Segments Giving Way to Smooth, Curving Line of Ponytail
CMS XI.264
CMS II.3.051, FF2
FF4
[195]
RH-13) Short, High Ponytail
ChaniaMus K115
(Aruz 2008: no. 263)
NM 2473
RH-14) Wavy Hair on top of Head with Hanging Ponytail (Possibly Hats Rather Than Hair?)
Tanagra Larnax 3
(Vermeule 1965: pl. 27a)
Tanagra Larnax 4a
(Vermeule 1965: pl. 27d)
Tanagra Larnax from Tomb 6
(Spyropoulos 1970: fig. 12)
RH-15) Hair that Flairs Outwards (Dots or Solid Line)7
Mochlos Pyxis, FF2
(Soles 2011: part 4)
CMS II.3.051, FF 3
7
HM 1700, FF 2
This is arguably more of an “effect” than a style. While the figures included in this group here all have hair that
flares outwards (as if windblown), the number of locks depicted differs as does the manner of depiction (one or
more lines of dots vs. a solid line). That all of these demonstrate this same “windblown” effect is significant, and
thus they are grouped together here, but this does not preclude their being considered together with other hairstyles
as well, as HM 1700 F2 is.
[196]
Figure 2.2: Hairstyles that Are Unique to a Single Scene or Object within the Dataset
UH-1) Updo with Fabric in Hair
Older Women, Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 132,134; Televantou 1994: pl. 60)
UH-2) Double Layer Bun on Crown of Head with Beaded or Segmented Hair Hanging Down
CMS I.017 FF1
FF2
FF4
UH-3) Hair Pulled back into Ponytail Indicated by Dots and two Straight Lines at the Bottom
CMS I.017 FF3
UH-4) Most of Hair Worn Close to Head, Single Row of Dots Hangs Down from Updo
(Originating from Low Bun on FF1)
CMS I.191 FF1
FF2
[197]
UH-5) Hair Indicated by Dots of Various Sizes Hanging Down
CMS II.3.114
UH-6) Long Hair Worn Down: Parted Down Middle, Cleary Distinguished Wavy Locks Beginning
at Eye Level
Gold Pin Ornament, Mycenae Shaft Grave III
UH-7) Long Hair Worn Down: Hair in Wavy Locks, “Crown” of Bangs (?) at Front of Head
Larnax from Knossos FF1
(Morgan 1987: fig. 4)
FF2 ?-unclear due to preservation
[198]
UH-8) Long Hair Worn Down: Indicated by a Combination of Large Segments and Small Dots
Hanging Down as Far as Middle to Lower Back
CMS XI.029, FF 1
FF2
FF3
UH-9) Long Hair Worn Down: Loose, Straight Locks Hanging Below Upper Arms
HM 1700, FF3
UH-10) Long Hair Worn Down: Segmented Locks Close to Head and Neck, Loose, Straight Locks
Visible between One Arm and Torso
CMS VI.279
[199]
UH-11) Long Hair Worn Down: Pronounced Bangs, Single Line Indicating Hair from Bangs Down
to Below Waist
CMS VS1A.178, FF1
FF2
UH-12) Long Hair Worn Down: Thin, Lose Strands Visible Below Flat Hat
CMS I.179
UH-13) Hair Piled on Head with Single “Zig-Zag” Lock Hanging Down
CMS VS1B.114, FF1
[200]
UH-14) Long Hair Indicated by Seven Round Segments, Beginning with Bangs at Top of Forehead
and Continuing Down to Top Portion of Upper Arm
CMS VS3.243, FF1
UH-15) Long Hair Indicated by Four Large, Quasi-Elliptical Segments Beginning at Back of Head
and Continuing to Middle of Upper Arm
CMS VS3.243, FF2
UH-16) Long Hair Gathered into Thick Locks Divided into Cylindrical Segments, Two Locks
Shown Framing the Torso
HM 1700 FF4
UH-17) Long Hair Rendered as Solid Mass near Head and Neck, Separating at Base of Neck into
Two Thick Locks Divided into Large, Quasi-Elliptical Segments
CMS VI.277 bottom row FF 5
FF4 (Hampe and Simon 1981: fig. 288)
[201]
UH-18) Long Hair Indicated by Various Lines and Irregularly Shaped Segments, Exact Hairstyle(s)
Unclear
CMS VI.277 top row FF 2
bottom row FF6
FF1
FF 3
(Hampe and Simone 1981: fig. 288)
FF 3
FF2
FF1
UH-19) Updo: Bun, Single Layer
CMS II.8.257
UH-20) Updo: Bun, Double Layer
CMS I.410
UH-21) Only Bang/Front Lock and Sideburn Visible beneath Hat
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B, FF 5
[202]
UH-22) Short Hair Indicated by Lines Fanning out from Circular Head
CMS XI.347
UH-23) Short Hair Indicated by Line Segments Fanning out from Narrow Section at Top of Head
CMS III.354
UH-24) Wavy Hair above Fillet with Long Hanging J-shaped Ponytail
Procession Krater, K-AD2359, Side A, 4-5; Side B 1 preserved FF
UH-25) Wavy Hair Above Fillet, No Hanging Ponytail
Procession Krater K-AD2359, Side A, FF 2-3
[203]
Table 2.1 A-E: Notes on Hair of Figures not Classified Above
Table 2.1 A: Head Depicted, No Hair Indicated
CMS V.173 FF 1 aniconic head
CMS V.422b FF1 aniconic head
CMS V.422b FF2 aniconic head
CMS VI.277 top row FF 4, aniconic head
CMS VI.277 top row FF 5 aniconic head
CMS VI.280 FF1 aniconic head
CMS VI.280 FF2 aniconic head
CMS VI.281 aniconic head
CMS III.339 aniconic head
CMS VS3.080 FF1 semi-aniconic
CMS VS3.080 FF2 semi-aniconic
CMS XI.020a
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Table 2.1 B: No Human Head, Thus No Hair
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Glyptic: Sealing, Seal Type Unclear
Faience
CMS XIII.039 (no head)
CMS IX.166 (Composite, no human head)
CMS IX.167 (Composite, no human head)
CMS XII.276b (Composite, no human head)
CMS XIII.003 (Composite, no human head)
CMS II.7.135A (Composite, no human head)
(Sealing from Soft Stone)
CMS II.7.135B (Composite, no human head)
CMS XII.174b (Composite, no human head)
Faience Dress Plaques from Knossos (no human head)
Table 2.1 C: Hair Clearly Indicated but Hairstyle Unclear Due to State of Preservation
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Fresco
CMS III.358
CMS XI.030 FF1
CMS XI.030 FF2
CMS V.253
CMS IX.164 FF1
Thebes “Frauenfries” Fragments
[204]
Table 2.1 D: Unclear if Hair is Depicted or Not Due to State of Preservation
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Ivory
Terracotta Figures/Figurines
Larnax/Sarcophagus
Fresco
HM 1629 FF 1
CMS IS.114
CMS II.3.252
CMS II.3.305 FF1
CMS II.3.305 FF2
CMS II.6.001 FF1 (Sealing from Metal)
CMS II.6.002
(Sealing from Metal)
CMS VS1A.176
CMS VS1A.177 FF1 (Sealing from Metal)
CMS VS1A.177 FF2 (Sealing from Metal)
CMS VS1A.180
CMS IS.133 FF1
CMS IS.133 FF2
CMS IS.134 FF1
CMS IS.134 FF2
CMS II.4.002
CMS VI.328
CMS IX.134
CMS IX.164 FF2
CMS II.8.265
CMS II.8.275
NM 23 99, Mirror Handle
Myc. Mus. 39-369 (Proto-Phi Fragment)
NM 1258 (Proto-Phi Fragment)
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B, FF1-4
Ayia Triada Fresco Fragments “Woman at Altar”
Ayia Triada Fresco Fragments, “Kneeling Woman”
Knossos Fresco Fragments, Ladies in Blue
Table 2.1 E: Presence of Hair and/or Type of Hairstyle Unclear Due to Image Quality or
Ambiguous Marks within the Scene
CMS VS1B.114 FF2
Glyptic: Metal
CMS VS1B.114 FF3
Glyptic: Hard Stone
CMS XI.335
CMS VS1B.261
Glyptic: Soft Stone
CMS X.270
Jewelry
Bead from Ayia Triada
Ivory
Mochlos Pyxis FF1
Glass
NM 2450, Plaque of FF with Branch
Terracotta Figurines
Figure From Tiryns with Waz-Lily Pendant
[205]
Table 2.2: Female Figures Depicted with Well-Preserved and Well-Developed Breasts
Medium
Object
Exposed
?
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
HM 989
HM 1629 (FF 2)
Yes
Yes
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
HM 1700 (FF 1)
HM 1700 (FF 3)
HM 1700 (FF 4)
I.017 (FF 1)
I.017 (FF 2)
I.017 (FF 4)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
I.126 (FF 2)
I.127 (FF1)
I.127 (FF2)
1.191 (FF 1)
I.191 (FF 2)
I.219
I.514 (FF 1)
I.514 (FF 2)
II.3.015
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unclear
Yes
Yes
Yes
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
II.3.051 (FF 1)
II.3.051 (FF 2)
II.3.051 (FF 4)
II.3.051 (FF 5)
II.3.114
II.3.252
II.3.326 (FF 1)
II.3.326 (FF 2)
II.3.326 (FF 3)
V.728 (FF 1)
V.728 (FF 2)
VS1B.113 (FF 1)
VS1B.113 (FF 2)
VS1B.114 (FF 2)
VS1B.114 (FF 3)
VS3.243 (FF 1)
VS3.243 (FF 2)
VI.277 (FF 2 top)
VI.277 (FF 3 top)
VI.277 (FF 1 bottom)
VI.277 (FF 3 bottom)
VI.278 (FF 1)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unclear
Unclear
Unclear
Unclear
Unclear
Glyptic: M
VI.278 (FF 2)
Glyptic: M
VI.279
Yes or
visible
through
clothes?
Glyptic: M
VI.281
Number of
Breasts
Indicated
2
1-frontal/3/4
profile
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1-profile
1-profile
2
2
2
2
1-profile
1-frontal, arm
blocks proper
right
2
2
1-profile
1-profile
1-profile
2
1-profile
2
1-profile
1-profile
1-profile
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1-frontal, arm
blocks left
2
Yes
2
Yes
1-profile
[206]
Nipple(s) and or Areola(e)?
Present: Single Dot (small)
Worn: not obvious
Present: Single Dot (small)
Not obvious
Not obvious
Present: Very Large Areolae
Present: Very Large Areolae
Present and somewhat pointed(?) Not
as prominent of those of FF1 and
FF2
Present: Large Areola
Not obvious
Unclear due to image quality
Possible Single Dot
Possible Single Dot
Not obvious
Not obvious
Possible (Small) Single Dot
Worn: not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Worn: not obvious
Not obvious
Present, with central nipple dot?
Not obvious
Not obvious
Worn: not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Present: Prominent, proper right
slightly elliptical, proper left is round
Not obvious
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
Glyptic: M
XI.028
XI.029 (FF 1)
XI.029 (FF 3)
XI.030 (FF 1)
XI.030 (FF 2)
II.6.001 (FF 2) (Sealing from
Metal)
II.6.002 (Sealing from Metal)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
2
2
2
1-profile
2
Possible Single Dot.
Not obvious
Not obvious
Present: Prominent, and round
Not obvious
Worn: not obvious
Unclear-
2
Worn: not obvious
Glyptic: M
II.6.005 (FF 1) (Sealing from
Metal)
Yes
Worn: not obvious
Glyptic: M
VS1A.176 (Sealing from
Metal)
Yes
Glyptic: HS
Glyptic: HS
Glyptic: HS
I.279
II.3.007
VS1A.075
Yes
Yes
Yes
Glyptic: HS
Glyptic: HS
Glyptic: HS
VS3.080 (FF 1)
VS3.080 (FF 2)
VS3.085
Yes
Yes
Yes
1-frontal, arm
blocks proper
left breast
1-frontal, arm
blocks proper
right breast
2
2
1- 3/4 profile,
hand blocks
left breast
1-profile
1-profile
2
Glyptic: HS
Glyptic: SS
XI.335
V.253
Yes
No.
Glyptic: SS
Glyptic: SS
Glyptic: SS
Glyptic: SS
Glyptic:
seal type
unknown
Ivory
XI.347
XII.264
II.7.135A (composite)
II.7.135B (composite)
XII.174b (composite)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Chania Mus K115, Ivory
Plaque with Female Figure and
Lily
NM 2473 Plaque of Female
Figure with Sheaf
Not
obviously
Ivory
Jewelry:
Gold
Terracotta
Vessel
Terracotta
Figurine
Mochlos Pyxis (FF1)
Gold Pin Ornament, Mycenae
Shaft Grave III
Jug from Tholos Tomb 2,
Routsi
Myc. Mus. 69-1221,
Terracotta
Figure
HM 9305 (Female Figure with
upraised arms and fillet with
poppies)
Myc.Mus.39-369 Proto Phi
Fragment
Nafplion Mus. (Female Figure
with double layer robe and
Glyptic: M
Ivory
Terracotta
Figurine
Terracotta
Figure
state of
preservation
2
Shape of 2
breast
suggested
2
1-profile
2
2
2
Worn: not obvious
Present: Prominent, large, and round
Single dot
Possible small projection where arm
starts, unclear
Not obvious
Not obvious
Present: Prominent, round, centered
between top and bottom of breast
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Not obvious
Worn: not obvious
Not obvious
Yes
Yes
Shape of 2
breasts
suggested
Shape of 2
breasts
suggested
2
2
Yes
2
Visible
Through
Clothes
Yes
2
Present: Prominent round dots at
center of ivy spirals
n/a, blocked
2
Not obvious
Yes
2
Not obvious
Visible
Through
2
Present: Prominent. Circles indicate
areola and central dot indicates
Not
obviously
[207]
Not obvious
―w
az‖-lily pendant, Cat. No.
107)
Nafplion Mus. (Female Figure
with skirt and ―w
az‖-lily
Pendant, Cat. No. 108)
Clothes
Visible
Through
Clothes
2
Fresco
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Saffron
Gatherers, North Wall,
"Goddess"
Yes
1-3/4 profile
Fresco
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton,
"Necklace Swinger"
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton,
"Wounded Woman"
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Room 3b,
―Olde
r Woman with Red
Mantle‖
Yes
1-3/4 profile
Yes
1-profile
Yes
Fresco
Akrotiri, House of the Ladies
Fresco, ―
Standing Lady‖
Yes
Fresco
Akrotiri, House of the Ladies
Fresco, ―Be
nding Lady‖
Yes
1, roughly 3/4
profile, plus
partially
covered
1, barely
shown,
mostly
blocked by
arm
1, very large
and
pendulous
Fresco
Akrotiri, West House,
Miniature Fresco (FF1)
Knossos Fresco Fragments,
Ladies in Blue
Yes
1- 3/4 profile
Yes
Present,
Number
Unclear due
to state of
preservation
np?
Pylos Fresco Fragments 51 H
nws
Yes
1, ?
Preservation
Present: Central dot indicates nipple,
smaller surrounding dots indicate
areola.
Terracotta
Figure
Fresco
Fresco
Fresco
Fresco
[208]
nipple.
Present: Paint partially preserved on
proper right breast suggesting large
areola. Remnants of paint can
perhaps be seen on proper left breast.
Present: Single Dot, apparently
raised. Width of raised dot and
presence of areola unclear due to
state of preservation.
Present: Small raised nipple dot, no
surrounding areola indicated.
n/a, blocked (apparently)
Present: Dark single dot (?), hint of
circle of lighter paint around (?) not
entirely clear due to state of
preservation
n/a, blocked
Present: Prominent, raised red nipple
depicted in profile, somewhat
mushroom shaped. Surrounding
lines suggest small areola.
Unclear due to state of preservation
Figure 2.3 Breasts of Sexually Mature Female Figures from the Large-Scale Frescoes of
Akrotiri
A) Sagging Pendulous Breasts of the ―
Bending Woman‖ from the House of the Ladies
B) Well-Developed but not Excessively Large Breasts of Nubile Female Figures of Xeste 3
Left to Rigt: ―Goddess,‖ ―Neckl
ace Swinger,‖ and ―
Wounded Woman‖
(Doumas 1992: fig. 125, 101, 106)
C) Very Full but Not Sagging Breast of the ―Olde
r Woman with the Red Mantle‖ from Xeste 3
(Doumas 1992: fig. 131)
[209]
Figure 2.4: Two Contrasting Figures from the Thebes “Frauenfries” Fresco (as restored by
H. Ruesch 1948) (Immerwahr 1990: pl. 21)
The ―Fra
uenfries‖ fresco is highly fragmentary, and there are no extant fragments from the midchest area (where breasts might have been indicated) for either of the two flower-bearing figures.
The known fragments (Fragments Groups 5 and 10), however, clearly show that these figures
were depicted with frontal torsos and that they held their flowers up to their chests and thus
would have partially obscured breasts if these were depicted. This frontal, chest-obscuring pose
stands in marked contrast to the profile pose of two figures (at least one of whom carries a pyxis)
which emphasizes the figures’ very large breasts and prominent nipples. These breasts are
comparable to, but apparently even fuller than, those of the ―
Older Woman with the Red Mantle‖
from Xeste 3, Akrotiri. The fact that figures with distinctions in breast size that perhaps suggest
distinctions in relative maturity are associated with different types of objects—flowers and
containers—is perhaps significant.
[210]
Figure 2.5: CMS II.3.326: Note how the breasts of FF1, though well-developed, are smaller and
sit higher on the chest than those of FF3 which hang downwards on the body with deep ―breast
folds.‖ Though it is more difficult to compare the size of frontally rendered breasts to those
depicted in profile, the breasts of the central FF2 also seem notably fuller than those of FF1.
Significantly, this smaller breast size corresponds with the smaller relative height of FF1, though,
unlike the Xeste 3 figures, no differences in hairstyle are evident among these three figures.
Figure 2.6: CMS VS3.080: The breasts of FF1 are larger and sit somewhat lower than those of
FF2, though FF2 is in fact depicted as slightly taller than FF1. The difference in the sizes of these
full, well-developed breasts is perhaps not of great significance.
Figure 2.7: The Chests of the “Saffron Gatherers,” from Xeste 3, Akrotiri, Suggesting the
Early Stages of Puberty (Doumas 1992: fig. 124, 121, 119, 130)
[211]
Figure 2.8: CMS II.6.001: While FF2 is depicted with large, full breasts, her half-sized
companions are not apparently depicted with any indication of mature breasts; due to the wear on
this sealing, we are unable to determine if the artists has made any attempt to indicate nipples
suggesting breast buds on the otherwise mostly flat chests, as on the pubescent ―Saff
ron
Gatherers‖ of Xeste 3.
Figure 2.9: CMS I.017: The three full-grown female figures, FF1, 2, and 4, are depicted with
large breasts with prominent areolae. The smaller-scale figures are depicted with no emphasis on
the breast region, and both hold their arms in positions which obscure our view of the chest.
Significantly, these smaller figures whose chests are not emphasized also wear different
costumes than their mature companions, and their hairstyles also differ from those of both their
older companions and of one another. That the hair of FF3 who participates in the central action
of the scene and is associated with flowers in the same way as the older women is closer to their
hairstyle than to that of FF5 is perhaps significant.
[212]
Figure 2.10: Breasts Visible Through Clothing
A)
CMS I.279
B)
Terracotta Figure, Tiryns (The Author)
These two female figures are depicted with unambiguous necklines that lie above their breasts, which,
despite being covered by clothing, are themselves clearly visible and depicted in particular detail. Both
pairs of breasts are depicted with large areolae, and those of the terracotta figure from Tiryns, at right, are
also shown with nipples distinguished inside of the areolae. Because the Akrotiri frescoes indicate that
robes were sometimes made of diaphanous material, it is possible that in depicting the breasts beneath the
relatively high-necked robe on the Tiryns figure, the artist might have attempted to suggest a diaphanous
robe. In the case of CMS I.279, the combination of the high-necked garment and the detailed and fully
visible chest and shoulders make it very unclear how such a garment would have worked or if the clothing
depicted represents any realistic garment type. Clearly the artist had some particular interest in depicting
the unusual horizontal neckline that runs from one upper arm to the other and also in emphasizing the
breasts below, a point to which we will return in Chapter 3.
C)
Terracotta Figure, Tiryns (The Author)
D)
Myc. Mus. 69-1221, Terracotta Figure, Mycenae (The Author)
How the rather unusual garments on these two female figures work is also somewhat unclear, though the
presence of patterns above the breasts implies that the garments rise above the breasts of the figures. On
the figure from Tiryns, at left, the horizontal line above the breast seems to indicate a high, horizontal
neckline. In both cases, breasts are visible through the garments, and in the case of the Tiryns figure,
remnants of paint at the center of both breasts suggest that prominent areolae were originally depicted.
[213]
Figure 2.11: Breasts Visible, Perhaps Through Clothing
CMS VI.278 (FF 2)
CMS VI.279
Both of these female figures are depicted with ambiguous lines at the neck that could represent necklaces
or that could represent high necklines. If these are intended to be necklines, then these two figures are also
shown with prominent breasts fully visible through high-necked garments.
[214]
Figure 2.12: Variation in Exposure of Foot/Ankle/Lower Leg Units
B)
A)
E)
C)
F)
D)
G)
A) No feet, ankles, or legs (CMS I. 127, FF2)
B) Just feet (CMS II.3.051, FF2)
C) Just feet and ankles (CMS VS1B.113 FF2)
D) Just feet, ankles, and bottom portion of lower legs (CMS I.017, FF1)
E) Feet, ankles, and most or all of lower legs (CMS V.277, bottom row, FF2)
F) Feet, ankles, all of lower leg, and all/most of thigh (I.514, FF2)
G) Lower legs but no feet (VS3.080, FF2)
[215]
Table 2.3 A-K: Variation in Exposure of Foot/Ankle/Lower Leg Units
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Glyptic: Sealing,
Seal Material Unclear
Faience
Bead
Terracotta Vessels
Larnax
Terracotta Figures
Fresco
Table 2.3 A) No Feet, No Ankles, No Lower Legs
HM 989
I.127
I.514 (FF 1)
IS.114
II.3.305 (FF 2)
II.3.326
V.173
V.197
V.422b
V.278
VS1B.114
VI.278
VI.281
XI.028
XI.030 (FF1)
VS1A.180 (Sealing from Metal)
I.410
III.348
III.354
VS1B.261
IX.164
XIII.0003
II.7.135A (Sealing from Soft Stone)
II.7.135B (Sealing from Soft Stone)
XII.174b
Glass Plaques with Woman Holding Branch, NM 2450
Bead in the Shape of Female Figure with Incised Flower, Ayia Triada
Jug from Tholos Tomb 2, Routsi
Kourion Window Krater, with FF holding flower
Procession Krater, K-AD 2359
Tanagra Larnax from Tomb 6 (FF1)
Female Figure with Poppy Capsule Fillet, HM 9305
Female Figure with Papyrus on Clothing. Mycenae Mus. 69-122
Tiryns Female Figure, wearing double layer robe and downward
hanging "waz-lily" pendant. Nafplion Mus (Cat. No. 107)
Tiryns Female Figure wearing skirt and highly stylized ―w
az-lily
pendant,‖ Nafplion Mus. (Cat. No. 108)
Akrotiri, West House, Miniature Fresco, North Wall FF1
NB: Where no female figure is specified, the categorization applies to all female figures in the scene.
[216]
Glyptic: Metal
Jewelry
Larnax/Sarcophagus
Fresco
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Ivory
Larnax/Sarcophagus
Fresco
Table 2.3 B) Just Feet, No Ankles, No Lower Legs
II.3.051
II.3.305 (FF1)
VI.279
VI.277 (Top row FF 1)*
VI.280 (FF 1)
Gold Pin Ornament, Shaft Grave III, Mycenae
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B (FF1, 3-5)
Akrotiri, House of the Ladies Fresco (FF 1 -2)
Akrotiri, West House, Miniature Fresco, North Wall (FF 2)
Table 2.3 C) Just Feet and Ankles, No Lower Legs
I.017 (FF 3, 5)
I.179
I.219
VS1B.113 (FF 1-2/2)
VS3.243 (FF 2)
XI.030 (FF 2)
VS1A.075
VS3.085
IX.167
Chania Mus K115, Ivory Plaque with Female Figure and Lily
NM 2899, Mirror Handle with two girls and large flowers
Mochlos Pyxis (FF 3)
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B (FF 2)
Fragments from Pylos Procession Fresco
[217]
Table 2.3 D) Feet, Ankles, and Bottom Portion of Lower Leg (only)
Glyptic: Metal
HM 1629 (FF2)
HM 1700 (FF 1,2,4)
I.017 (FF 1,2,4)
I.086
I.126
II.3.114*
VS3.243 (FF1)
VI.277 (Top row FF 4-5)*
VI.278 *
XI.029 (FF 3) *
Glyptic: Hard
I.279
Stone
II.3.007
III.339
VI.321
XI.020a
XI.335 (Sealing from Hard Stone)
Glyptic: Soft
II.3.124
Stone
III.349
III.364
IS.133
V.253
VII.141
IX.166
XI.264
XI.347
XII.D012
XII.264*
II.6.027 (Sealing from Soft Stone)
II.8.275 (Sealing from Soft Stone)
Ivory
NM 2473, Plaque of Female Figure with Sheaf, Mycenae
NM 2900, Mirror Handle with Two Girls and Birds above Foliage, Mycenae
Mochlos Pyxis (FF1)
Larnakes/
LM IIIa Larnax from Knossos
Sarcophagus
Tanagra Larnax from Tomb 6 (FF 2-4)
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus (FF 6)
Fresco
Akrotiri, West House, ―
Priestess‖
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Wounded Woman"
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Saffron Gatherers, Girls 1-4, ―
Goddess‖
Ayia Triada, Room 14, standing female figure
* These female figures apparently wear form-hugging and/or transparent pantaloons through which all of the lower
legs as well as the upper legs are visible. These figures have been classified here according to what portions of lower
legs/ankles/feet are visible below the cuff of the pantaloons.
[218]
Table 2.3 E) Feet, Ankle, and Most or All of Lower Leg Exposed
Glyptic: Metal
I.191
VI.277 (Bottom row FF 1-5, Top row FF 2-3)
XI.029 (FF 1-2)
Glyptic: Soft
IS.134
Stone
VI.328
XII.276
Fresco
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Veiled Girl"
(All or most of the lower legs project from the flounced skirt the female
figure wears; a transparent veil, however, hangs down to just above the
figure’s ankles)
Table 2.3 F) Feet, Ankle, All of Lower Leg Exposed and Most of Upper Leg Exposed
Glyptic: Metal
I.514 (FF 2)
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard
Stone
Glyptic: Soft
Stone
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Soft
Stone
Table 2.3 G) Lower Leg(s) but no Feet
III.358
VI.277 (Bottom row FF 6—single, peg-like leg [?], no foot)
VI.280 (FF 2)
XIII.039
VS3.080
X.270
Table 2.3 H) Feet/Ankle/Lower Leg Region Obstructed from View
HM 1700 (FF 3)
II.3.252
VS1A.055
[219]
Table 2.3 I) Judgment Concerning Lower Legs, Ankles, Feet not Possible Due to State of
Preservation
Glyptic: Soft
CMS III.352
Stone
Ivory
NM 2399, Mirror Handle with Seated Female
Larnakes
Tanagra Larnax 2
Tanagra Larnax 4a, Fragment
Terracotta
Myc.Mus.39-369, Proto-Phi Figurine with Branching Vegetal Element
Figurines
NM 1258, Proto-Phi Figurine with Lily
Fresco
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Room 3b, Older Ladies
Ayia Triada, Room 14, Kneeling Woman
Knossos, Ladies in Blue Fresco Fragments
Mycenae, Cult Center, "Lady with the Lily" Fresco
Mycenae, Room of the Frescoes, Citadel House Area, Female Figure with
Sheaves
Thebes, ―
Frauenfries‖
Table 2.3 J) Upper Portion of Lower Legs Not Depicted, Judgment Concerning Bottom Portion
of Lower Legs, Ankles and Feet Not Possible Due to State of Preservation
Glyptic: Metal
HM 1629 (FF1)
CMS II.6.002 (Sealing from Metal)
CMS II.6.006 (FF2) (Sealing from Metal)
Glyptic: Hard
CMS II.8.257 (Sealing from Hard Stone)
Stone
Glyptic: Soft
CMS IX.163
Stone
CMS II.8.265 (Sealing from Soft Stone)
CMS VS1A.176(Sealing from Soft Stone)
Glyptic: Sealing, CMS VS1A.178
Seal Material
Unclear
Ivory
Mochlos Pyxis (FF 2)
Fresco
Arkrotiri, Xeste 3, Room 3, Older woman with Liles
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Necklace Swinger"
Table 2.3 K) Feet and Ankles Possibly Depicted, Unclear Due to State of Preservation
Glyptic: Metal
CMS II.3.015
CMS II.6.006 (FF1) (Sealing from Metal)
Ivory
Mochlos Pyxis (FF4)
[220]
Figure 2.12.2: Image from an 1868 issue of Harper’s Bazaar illustrating age-related
conventions concerning skirt length for young women.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1868-skirt-lengths-girl-ages-Harpers-Bazar.gif#file)
[221]
Table: 2.4 A: Clothing On Torso
Cat.
No.
Object and
Female Figure
More than
1 Layer?
SleeveLength
Neckline
1
HM 989
No.
Upper arm
Below breast, (fabric
seems to drape over
outside half of proper left
breast)
2
HM 1629
N/A
Upper arm
Not obviously indicated,
but breast is clearly
exposed.
3
HM 1700
(FF 1)
No.
Upper arm)
Below breasts (necklace
above)
3
HM 1700
(FF 4)
No.
Upper arm
Below breasts
(horizontal lines?)
5
CMS I.086
(FF 1)
No.
Upper
arm/at
elbow
High, V-neck
5
CMS I.086
(FF 2)
No.
Upper
arm/at
elbow
High, V-neck
[222]
Image
5
CMS I.086
(FF 3)
No.
Proper right
sleeve:
upper
arm/elbow
Proper left
sleeve: Just
below
elbow
At wrist?
Long
sleeves?
High, V-neck
6
CMS I.126
(FF 2)
No.
7
CMS I.127
(FF 1)
No.
Long –at
wrist?
Below breast
7
CMS I.127
(FF 2)
No.
Long –at
wrist?
Below breast
8
CMS I.179
No.
Upper arm/
at elbow
Unclear due to stance.
13
CMS II.3.015
N/A
Upper arm
Not obviously indicated
but one breast is clearly
exposed.
[223]
Below breasts
14
CMS II.3.051
(FF 1)
No.
Perhaps
Sleeveless,
or perhaps
terminating
at wrist
Below breasts
14
CMS II.3.051
(FF 2)
No.
Upper arm
Below breasts
14
CMS II.3.051
(FF 4)
No.
Upper arm
fully exposed.
14
CMS II.3.051
(FF 5)
No.
Upper arm
fully exposed.
25
CMS
VS1B.114
(FF 2)
N/A
Upper arm,
but breasts are clearly
exposed.
28
CMS VI.278
(FF 1)
(Only
indicated on
proper right
arm)
No.
Upper arm
[224]
(Possible, somewhat
crooked garland at neck)
Not obviously indicated.
General shape of breasts
indicated but breasts do
not project outwards at
all, and it is therefore
impossible to determine
that they are not covered
by a thin layer.
28
CMS VI.278
(FF 2)
No.
Upper arm
29
CMS I.279
No.
Upper arm
29
CMS VI.279
No.
Upper
arm/at
elbow
?Unclear: Breasts and
nipples clearly depicted
so band at neck may be a
necklace rather than a
high neckline.
33
CMS XI.029
(FF 2)
N/A
Upper arm/
at elbow
33
CMS XI.029
(FF 1)
No.
Upper
arm/at
2elbow
35
CMS II.6.001
(FF 2)
N/A
Upper arm
exposed.
Dotted line at neck is
probably a necklace
rather than a high
neckline.
Not obviously indicated.
General shape of breasts
indicated but breasts do
not project outwards at
all, and it is therefore
impossible to determine
that they are not covered
by a thin layer.
exposed.
35
CMS II.6.001
(FF 3)
No.
Upper arm
[225]
?Unclear: Breasts are
prominently exposed,
suggesting that the band
at neck is a necklace
rather than neckline.
Deep neckline below
breasts not obviously
indicated.
?Unclear: high horizontal
neckline, but breasts
clearly exposed
perhaps high (at
garland)
46
CMS VS3.085
N/A
Upper arm
exposed.
61
CMS V.253
No.
Upper arm?
High
87
NM 2899,
Ivory Mirror
Handle with
Two Female
Figures and
Papyrus
Elements
Gold Pin
Ornament,
Shaft Grave III,
Mycenae
No.
Upper arm
Unclear due to state of
preservation.
No.
Upper arm
Below breast area (fabric
drapes over outside
edges of breasts, meets
below breast)
97
Procession
Krater
K-AD 2359
No.
No arms
indicated
High
98
Larnax from
Knossos (FF 1)
No.
At wrist?
Long
sleeves?
High
98
Larnax from
Knossos (FF 2)
Unclear.
Unusual
circular
design at
center of
torso
At wrist?
Long
sleeves?
High
94
[226]
99
Tanagra Larnax
3 (Niarchos
Larnax)
No.
(Side 1, FF 1-3;
Side 2, FF 1-4)
Unclear—
seems to
vary from
figure to
figure
High, horizontal
Side 2 FF1
FF2
Side 2 FF3
FF4
100
Tanagra Larnax
4a (fragment)
No.
Upper arm?
(At elbow?)
High, horizontal
101
Tanagra Larnax
from Tomb 6
(FF 1-4)
No.
At end of
arms-Long
sleeves
High, horizontal
102
Ayia Triada
Sarcophagus,
Side B
(FF 5)
Yes-2.
―Fro
ntless
Blouse‖
over robe
Upper
arm/at
elbow
Layer 1: Unclear due to
stance
Layer 2: Frontless
[227]
Torsos of FF 1-3 from
Side 1 are depicted and
clothed in the same
manner, but are poorly
preserved and a clear
line drawing is not
available
102
Ayia Triada
Sarcophagus,
Side B
(FF 6)
Possibly 2.
―Fro
ntless
Blouse‖
unclear if
white on
torso is
skin or
white
bodice
No.
Upper arm
Frontless,
Unclear
High?
Layer 1: Comparatively
high V-neck covering
breasts
Possible high-necked
under-layer below.
106
Myc. Mus. 691221
107
Figure from
Lower Citadel
at Tiryns,
Nafplion
Museum
Yes-2.
Robe open
to ground
over
Highnecked
robe
covering
breast
Long?
108
Figure from
Lower Citadel
at Tiryns,
Nafplion
Museum
No.
Lower-arm
High, horizontal?
109
―God
dess,‖
Saffron
Gatherers
Fresco, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Below breast
109
Girl 1, Saffron
Gatherers
Fresco, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Below breast area
Layer 2: Below breast
[228]
109
Girl 2, Saffron
Gatherers
Fresco, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Below breast area
109
Girl 3, Saffron
Gatherers
Fresco, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Below breast area
109
Girl 4, Saffron
Gatherers
Fresco, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Below breast area
110
―Ne
cklace
Swinger,‖
Adyton, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Just below
elbow
Below breasts
110
―Ve
iled Girl,‖
Adyton, Xeste
3, ,Akrotiri
Yes-2.
Upper arm
Below breast area
Upper
Portion of
Robe and
Diaphanous
Veil.
[229]
110
―Wou
nded
Woman,‖
Adyton, Xeste
3, Akrotiri
No.
Just below
elbow
Below breasts
111
Older Female
Figure in Red
Mantel, Room
3 b, Xeste 3,
Akrotiri
Yes-2.
Mantle
over
sleeved
bodice
Upper Arm
Older Female
Figure in
Yellow Mantel,
Room 3 b,
Xeste 3,
Akrotiri
Yes-2.
Mantle
over
sleeved
bodice
Unclear due
to state of
preservation
112
―Be
nding
Lady‖
House of the
Ladies, North
Wall, Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Below breast(s)
112
―Stand
ing
Lady‖
House of the
Ladies, South
Wall, , Akrotiri
No.
Upper arm
Unclear due to stance
and state of preservation.
113
―Prieste
ss,‖
West House,
Akrotiri
Yes-2.
Mantle
over
sleeved
bodice
Upper
arm/at
elbow
Layer 1: ?Unclear, blue
band at neck may be
necklace or high
neckline.
111
Layer 2: Conceals
popper right breast
Layer 2: Covering proper
right breast
Layer 2: Diagonal across
body.
[230]
114
Pastoral Scene,
West House
Miniature
Fresco, North
Wall, Akrotiri
(FF 1)
No.
Unclear due
to State of
Preservation
Below breast
114
Pastoral Scene,
West House
Miniature
Fresco, North
Wall, Akrotiri
(FF 2)
No.
FF2: Upper
arm/at
elbow
preservation.
115
―Wo
man at
Altar,‖ Room
14, Villa, Ayia
Triada
No.
Unclear due
to state of
preservation
Below breasts
117
Female Figure
with Sheaves,
Room of the
Fresco,
Mycenae
Yes-2.
Mantle
over
sleeved
bodice
Upper
arm/at
elbow
Layer 1: ?Unclear: line at
neck is perhaps necklace
rather than neckline.
118
―Ladywith
Lily,‖ Cult
Center,
Mycenae
Processional
Women, Pylos
(based on
fragments from
51 H nws)
Unclear due
to state of
preservation
, but not
long
Upper arm
preservation.
120
Unclear
due to state
of
preservatio
n.
No.
121
―Frauen
fries,‖
Thebes
No.
Upper arm
Below breast?
Layer 2: Diagonal across
body
[231]
Below breast
Table 2.4 B) Female Figures for Which Presence or Absence of Clothing On Torso Cannot be Determined Due to
State of Preservation or Very Small Size of Figure
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Glyptic: Sealing, Seal Type
Unclear
Ivory
Glass
Larnakes/Sarcophagi
Terracotta Figures and Figurines
Fresco
HM 1700 (FF 1)
CMS IS.114
CMS II.3.051 (FF 3)
CMS II.3.252
CMS II.3.305 (FF 1)
CMS II.3.305 (FF 2)
CMS III.358
CMS XI.030 (FF 1)
CMS XI.030 (FF 2)
CMS II.6.001 (FF 1) (Sealing from Metal)
CMS VS1A.176 (Sealing from Metal)
CMS VS1A.177 (FF 1) (Sealing from Metal)
CMS VS1A.177 (FF 2) (Sealing from Metal)
CMS IS.133 (FF 1)
CMS IS.133 (FF 2)
CMS IS.134 (FF 1)
CMS IS.134 (FF 2)
CMS II.4.022 (FF 1)
CMS II.4.022 (FF 2)
CMS III.354
CMS IX.163
CMS IX.164 (FF 1)
CMS IX.164 (FF 2)
CMS VS1A.178 (FF 1)
CMS VS1A.178 (FF 2)
NM 2473 Plaque of Female Figure with Sheaf
NM 2898, Mirror Handle with Girls and bags of Flowers (FF 1, 2)
NM 2899, Mirror Handle with two girls and large flowers (FF 1)
NM 2900, Mirror Handle with Two Girls and birds above foliage (FF 1, 2)
Mochlos Pyxis (FF 3,4)
NM2450 Glass Plaques with Woman Holding Branch
NM 1258, Proto Phi Fragment
Myc.Mus.39-369
―
Older woman with Liles,‖ Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri,
―
Kneeling Woman,‖ Room 14, Villa, Ayia Triada
Knossos Fresco Fragments (?)
[232]
Figure 2.13: Variation in Girdles/Waistbands
A)
E)
B)
C)
F)
I)
G)
D)
H)
J)
A) Single girdle(VS1B.113)
B) Double girdle (CMS VS1B.114)
C) Triple girdle (CMS I.126)
D) Girdle with four horizontal bands (Procession Krater K-AD 2359) (Steel 2006: fig. 7)
E) Single girdle with single band hanging down (CMS II.6.001)
F) Single girdle with bands hanging from front and back (CMS I. 127)
G) Single girdle with multiple bands hanging down (―
string skirt‖?) (CMS XI.029)
H) Cord belt (―
Saffron Gatherer 4,‖ Xeste 3) (Doumas 1992: Fig 123)
I) Girdle/waist region not visible (CMS I.017)
J) No girdle (CMS VI.328)
[233]
Table 2.5 A-M: Girdle Classification
Table 2.5 A) Single Girdle
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Glyptic: Sealing, Seal type unclear
Ivory
Terracotta Vessel
Larnax/Sarcophagus
Terracotta Figures
Fresco
HM 1700 (FF 1-3)
HM 989
CMS I.017 (FF 5)
CMS I.086
CMS I.127 (FF 1)
CMS I.191 (FF 2)
CMS I.514 (FF 2)
CMS IS.114
CMS II.3.015
CMS II.3.051 (FF 1,2,4)
CMS II.3.305 (FF 1)
CMS V.173
CMS V.197 (FF 1)
CMS V.278
CMS V.422b (FF 2)
CMS VS1B.113
CMS VS3.243
CMS VI.277 (FF bottom row 1-6, top row 1-3)
CMS VI.280 (FF 2)
CMS XI.028
CMS XI.029 (FF 1)
CMS XI.030
CMS I.279
CMS VI.321
CMS VS1A.075
CMS IS.133
CMS IS.134
CMS IX.164
CMS V.253
CMS VS1A.055
CMS VS1B.261
CMS XI.347
CMS XII.276
CMS XII.D012
CMS VS1A.178
NM 2898, Mirror Handle with Girls and bags of Flowers
NM 2900, Mirror Handle with Two Girls and birds above foliage
Kourion Window Krater, with FF holding flower
Tanagra Larnax from Tomb 6
Naup.Mus.
HM 9305
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Necklace Swinger"
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Saffron Gatherers, East Wall, Girl 2 (?)
Ayia Triada, Room 14, standing female figure
Frauenfries, Thebes
Pylos Fresco Fragments
[234]
Table 2.5 B) Double Girdle
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Larnax
CMS I.017 (FF 2,3,4)
CMS I.219
CMS II.3.051 (FF 3)
CMS VI.278 (FF 2)
CMS VI.279
CMS VI.281
CMS VS1B.114
CMS VS3.080
CMS III.352
CMS IX.163
Large Faience Dress, Knossos, Temple Repository
Small Faience Dress, Knossos, Temple Repository
Tanagra Larnax 4a, Fragment
Table 2.5 C) Triple Girdle
Glyptic: Metal
CMS I.126
Table 2.5 D) Girdle with 3-4 Horizontal Strips
Terracotta Vessel
Procession Krater, K-AD 2359
Table 2.5 E) Single Girdle with Single Hanging Band
Glyptic: Metal
CMS II.6.001 (FF1, 3) (Sealing from Metal)
Table 2.5 F) Single Girdle with Two Hanging Bands
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Metal
Fresco
CMS I.127 (FF 2)
Table 2.5 G) Single Girdle with Multiple Hanging Bands
(―Strin
g Skirt‖-?)
CMS XI.029 (FF2)
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Wounded Woman" (also wears cord belt)
Table 2.5 H) Cord Belts
Fresco
Akrotiri, House of the Ladies Fresco
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Saffron Gatherers, Girl 1, 2, 3
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Wounded Woman"
Table 2.5 I) Girdle/Waist Region Not Visible
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Jewelry
Ivory
CMS I.017 (FF1)
CMS VI.280 (FF 1)
XI.335 (Sealing from Hard Stone)
Gold Pin Ornament from Mycenae Shaft Grave III
Chania Mus. K 115 Seated Female Figure with Lily
[235]
Table 2.5 J) Girdle/Waist Region Visible, No Girdle
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard Stone
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Glyptic: Sealing, Seal type unclear
Faience
Jewelry: Bead
Terracotta Vessel
Sarcophagus
Terracotta Figures
Fresco
HM 1629 (FF 2)
HM 1700 (FF 4)
CMS I.179
CMS II.3.114
CMS II.3.305 (FF 2)
CMS III.358
CMS V.197 (FF 2-3)
CMS V.422b (FF1)
CMS VI.277 (FF top 4-5)
CMS XI.029 (FF 3)
CMS III.339
CMS XIII.039
CMS III.348
CMS III.354
CMS III.364
CMS VI.328
CMS IX.166
CMS IX.167
CMS XII.264
CMS XIII.0003
CMS II.7.135A (Sealing from Soft Stone)
CMS II.7.135B (Sealing from Soft Stone)
CMS XII.174b
NM2450 Glass Plaques with Woman Holding Branch
Bead in the Shape of Female Figure with Incised Flower
Jug from Tholos Tomb 2, Routsi
Myc. Mus 69-1221, Female Figure with Papyrus on Dress/Robe
Nafp. Mus., Tiryns Terracotta Figure Cat. No. 108
Akrotiri, West House, Priestess Fresco
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Room 3b Older Woman with Red Mantle
Table 2.5 K) Unclear: Depiction Includes Line(s) That Could be Interpreted as Girdles,
But Placement or Thickness of Line(s) Do Not Obviously Suggest Girdles
CMS I.514 (FF1)
Glyptic: Metal
CMS II.3.326
CMS II.3.007
Glyptic: Hard Stone
CMS VS3.085
CMS XI.020a
Glyptic: Soft Stone
CMS III.349
Ivory
Chania Mus. K 115, Plaque of FF with Sheave
[236]
Table 2.5 L)
Girdle Apparently Indicated, Cannot be Classified Due to State of Preservation
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Hard Stone
II.8.257 (Sealing from Hard Stone)
Glyptic: Soft ―
Stone‖
I.410 (Ivory)
Table 2.5 M)
Glyptic: Metal
Glyptic: Soft Stone
Ivory
Larnakes/Sarcophagus
Terracotta Figurine Fragments
Fresco
Unclear or Impossible to Determine Based on State of Preservation
HM 1629 (FF1)
CMS I.191 (FF1)
CMS II.3.252
CMS VII.141
CMS X.270
NM 2473 Plaque of Female Figure with Sheaf
NM 2899, Mirror Handle with two girls and large flowers
Larnax from Knossos
Tanagra Larnax 3
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B (FF 1-4)
Myc.Mus.39-369 Proto-Phi Figure Fragment
NM 1258: Proto-Phi Figure Fragment
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Adyton, "Veiled Girl"
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, "Goddess"
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, ―Sa
ffron Gatherer 3‖
Akrotiri, Xeste 3, Room 3b, Older Ladies
Arkrotiri, Xeste 3, Room 3, Older Woman with Liles
Ayia Triada, Villa, Room 14, ―Kn
eeling Woman‖
Knossos, ―La
dies in Blue‖ Fragments
Mycenae, Cult Center, "Lady with the Lily"
Mycenae, Room of the Frescoes, Female Figure with Sheaves
[237]
Figure 2.14: Bare Legs Visible Through Diaphanous and/or Form-Hugging Cuffed
Pantaloons
CMS XI.029
HM1700
CMS VI.278
CMS XII.264
CMS II.3.114
CMS VI.277 top row FF1
FF4
FF5
[238]
Figure 2.15: Types of Garments Worn below the Waist
A)
B)
C)
F)
E)
I)
D)
G)
H)
J)
A) Skin-tight pantaloons (CMS VI.278, FF2)
B) Kilt with skirt/robe under-layer (CMS I.127, FF1)
C) Just kilt (CMS I.017 (FF1)
D) Just skirt (CMS II.3.051 (FF3)
E) Unclear if kilt or skirt (Tanagra Larnax from Tomb 6, Side 2, FF1) (Spyropoulos 1970: fig. 12)
F) Bottom of robe (CMS I.219)
G) Bottom of mantle (―P
riestess‖ West House, Akrotiri) (Doumas 1992: fig. 24)
H) Hide skirt (Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B, FF6) (Papaioannou 1989: pl. 15)
I) Skirt with Rectangular Apron (?) (LM IIIA Larnax from Knossos, FF2) (Morgan 1987: fig. 7)
J) Male kilt (CMS I.514, FF2)
[239]
Figure 2.16: Hats
A) Tall, Narrow Rounded Hat
i)
i) CMS II.3.051, FF 1
B) Short, Flat Hats with Red, Central Ornaments
i)
ii)
i) Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, Side B, FF 5 (Marinatos 1984: fig. 16)
ii) ―God
dess with Sheaves,‖ Room with the Fresco, Mycenae (The Author)
C) Short, Flat Hats with no Central Crowning Ornament
i)
ii)
i) CMS I.179
ii) Female Figure from Tiryns with ―waz
‖ pendant (The Author)
D) Posible Hats: Short with Wavy Top Border and Hanging Tail
i)
ii)
iii)
i) Tanagra Larnax 3 (Vermeule 1965: pl. 27a)
ii) Tanagra Larnax 4a (Vermeule 1965: pl. 27d)
iii) Tanagra Larnax from Tomb 6 (Spyropoulos 1970: fig. 12)
[240]
Figure 2.17: Headdresses
A)
B)
A) Gold Pin Ornament from Mycenae Shaft Grave III (Higgins 1997: fig. 207)
B) CMS XIII.039
[241]
Figure 2.18 A: Hair Bindings—Fillets and Headbands
Short, terminating at ear
i)
ii)
iv)
iii)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
i) ―Saff
ron Gatherer 1,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 121)
ii) ―Saf
fron Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 119)
iii) ―Saff
iv) ―Saff
v) ―
Goddess,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 125)
vi) ―Vei
led Girl,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig.25 )
vii) Girls with Bags of Roses, Ivory Mirror Handle, Mycenae (NM 2989) (Poursat 1977: pl. 35)
viii) Girls with Waterfowl, Ivory Mirror Handle, Mycenae (NM 2900) (Poursat 1977: pl. 35)
(Figure Continues, Next Page)
[242]
Figure 2.18 A: Hair Bindings—Fillets and Headbands (CONT.)
Continuing beyond Front of Ear
x)
ix)
xii)
xi)
xiv)
xiii)
(?)
ix) Terracotta Figure with Fillet with Poppies, Gazi (HM 9305) (Rethemiotakes 2001: pl. 38a)
x) ―Lady with Lily,‖ Mycenae (The Author)
xi) Ivory Plaque, Female Figure with Sheaf, Mycenae (NM 2473) (Poursat 1977: pl. 29)
xii) Ivory Plaque, Seated Female Figure with Lily (Chania Mus. K115) (Aruz 2008: no. 263)
xiii) Terracotta Figurine with Waz-Lily Pendant, Tiryns (Cat. No. 107) (The Author)
xiv) ―Proces
sion Krater‖ (K-AD 2359) (Steele 2006: fig. 7)
[243]
Figure 2. 18 B: Hair Bindings—Ribbon Looped at Front of Head and Around Thick
Tresses
i)
ii)
i) ―W
ounded Woman,‖ Adyton, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 105)
ii) ―N
ecklace Swinger,‖ Adyton, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 102)
Figure 2.18 C: Hair Bindings—Fabric Wrapped Around or into Updo
i)
ii)
iii)
i) ―Olde
r Woman with the Red Mantle,‖ Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig.132)
ii) ―O
lder Woman with the Yellow Mantle,‖ Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig.134)
iii) ―Olde
r Woman with Lilies,‖ Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Televantou 1994: pl. 60)
[244]
Figure 2.19: Real and Artificial Vegetal Elements in Hair
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
i) ―Acropo
lis ring,‖ Mycenae, CMS I.017 FF1, 2, 4, 3
ii) ―O
lder Woman with Lilies,‖ Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Televantou 1994: pl. 60)
iii) ―Olde
r Woman with the Red Mantle,‖ Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 132)
iv) ―W
ounded Woman,‖ Adyton, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 105)
v)Terracotta Figure with Poppy Capsule (Rethemiotakes 2001: pl. 38a)
[245]
Figure 2.20: Earrings
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
A) Simple Round Earring with no Ornamentation
―
Bending Lady,‖ House of the Ladies, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 10)
―
Standing Lady,‖ House of the Ladies, Akrotiri
―
Saffron Gatherer 4‖, Xeste 3, Akrotiri
Female Figures with Bags of Flowers, Ivory Mirror Handle from Mycenae, NM 2898
B) Simple Round Earring with Ribbing
―
Saffron Gatherer 1‖, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 120)
―
Necklace Swinger,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
C) Simple Round Earring with Granulation
―
Wounded Woman,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 105)
―
Goddess,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
D) Simple Round Earring with ―
Spiky‖ Granulation
―
Saffron Gather 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 119)
E) ―W
heel Earring‖ with Internal Spokes
―
Priestess,‖ West House, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 25)
F) Earring of Two Interlocked Rings
―
Saffron Gatherer 3,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 130)
Female Figures with Waterfowl, Ivory Mirror Handle from Mycenae, NM 2900
[246]
Figure 2.21 A-I: Necklaces
Figure 2.21 A: Beaded Necklaces of Spherical Beads
Single Strand of Spherical Beads
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Two Strands of Spherical Beads
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
Strands of Spherical Beads Together With Strands of Other Beads or Other Necklace Types
ix)
x)
xi)
xii)
i) ―Neck
lace Swinger,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig 101)
ii) ―Saf
fron Gatherer 3,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 130)
iii) Ivory Mirror Handle with Girls and Papyrus, Mycenae, NM 2899 (Poursat 1977: pl. 32)
iv) CMS XI.029 (FF3)
v) CMS V.253
vi) CMS I.126
vii) Terracotta Figure with Papyrus on Dress, Mycenae (The Author)
viii) ―Olde
r Woman with Yellow Mantle,‖ Xeste3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 134)
ix) Terracotta Figure with Skirt and ―
Waz‖-Lily Pendant, Tiryns (Cat. No. 108) (The Author)
x) Terracotta Figure with Double Layer Robe and ―
Waz‖-Lily Pendant, Tiryns (Cat. No. 107)
(The Author)
xi) Ladies in Blue Fresco Fragments, Knossos (Cameron and Hood 1967: pl. 12 b)
xii) CMS I.179
[247]
Figure 2.21 B : Beaded Necklaces of Other Bead Shapes and Combinations
Short Cylindrical Beads
ii)
i)
Longer Cylindrical Beads Combined with Spherical Beads
iii)
Amygdaloidal Beads
v)
iv)
Waz-Shaped Beads
vi)
Teardrop-Shaped Beads
Crocus -Shaped Beads
vii)
X-Shaped Beads
ix)
viii)
Duck-Shaped Beads
x)
i) ―S
affron Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
vi) ―Frau
enfries,‖ Thebes
ii) ―God
dess,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
vii) Ladies in Blue Fresco Fragment, Knossos
iii) Ladies in Blue Fresco Fragment, Knossos
viii) Ivory Plaque, FF w/ Sheaf, NM 2473
iv) ―Saffro
n Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
ix) ―Nec
klace Swinger,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
v) ―Frau
enfries,‖ Thebes
x) ―God
dess,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 119)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 125)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 119)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 102)
(Doumas 1992: fig. 125)
[248]
Figure 2.21 C: Chokers
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
(?)
v)
i) ―Neck
lace Swinger,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 102)
ii) ―V
eiled Girl,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 108)
iii) ―Goddes
s,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 125)
iv) ―Olde
r Woman with Lilies,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Televantou 1994: pl. 60)
v) ―
Priestess,‖ West House, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 25)
[249]
Figure 2.21 D: Obvious Garlands
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
i) CMS V.173 (FF 1-2)
ii) CMS II.6.001 (FF 1,3)
iii) VS1B.114 (FF 1-3)
iv) Terracotta Figure with Upraised Arms and Poppy Diadem, Gazi
v) ―
Necklace Swinger,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 102)
vi) CMS V.253 (?-Possibly a Strand of Beads)
vii)
Garlanded Statue from Kea: Possible Parallel for Garlands worn by
female figures pictured in Figrure D: i-iii (Caskey 1986: pl. 8a)
[250]
Figure 2.21 E: Glytic and Ivory—Single Necklace or Garland Indicated by Solid Line
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)
i) HM 1700 (FF 1) (Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki and Rethemiotakes 2004: fig. 1)
ii) I.086 (FF 2)
iii) I.086 (FF 3)
iv) VI.278 (FF 2)
v) VI.279
vi) XI.030 (FF 1)
vii) I.017 (FF 1)
viii) I.127 (FF 1)
ix) I.127 (FF 2)
x) II.3.051 (FF 2)
xi) Mochlos Pyxis (FF 1) (Soles 2011: part 4)
[251]
Figure 2.21 F: Glyptic— Two Necklaces Indicated by Solid Lines
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
i) HM 989 (Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki and Rethemiotakes 2004: fig. 19)
ii) CMS I.017 (FF 2,4)
iii) CMS V.728 (FF 1-2)
iv) HM 1700 (FF4)-somewhat unclear, top line is solid but bent like single line in HM 1700 FF 1 (see
below), bottom line is faint and low on the chest. (Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki and Rethemiotakes
2004: fig. 1)
Figure 2.21 G: Solid Choker
i)
ii)
i) ―
Saffron Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 119)
ii) detail
[252]
Figure 2.21 H: Solid “Torque” or Neck-ring
i)
ii)
i) Older Woman with Red Mantle, Room 3b, Xeste 3, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 132)
ii) detail
Figure 2.21 I: Two Lines Indicating Necklace(s)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
i) Gold Pin Ornament, Shaft Grave III, Mycenae (Marinatos 1951: fig. 1)
ii) ―Sta
nding Lady,‖ House of the Ladies, Akrotiri (Doumas 1992: fig. 9)
iii) Fresco Fragments 51 H nws, Pylos (Lang 1969: pl. O)
iv) Ivory Mirror Handle with bags of flowers, Mycenae, NM 2898 (Poursat 1977: pl. 35)
v) Ivory Mirror Handle with waterfowl, Mycenae, NM 2900 (Poursat 1977: pl. 35)
[253]
Figure 2.22: Tassels and Dress Beads
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A) Two Strands with Papyriform Beads
―
Saffron Gatherer 1,‖ Xeste 3 (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 121)
―Veil
ed Girl,‖ Xeste 3 (proper right arm only?)
B)Two Strands with Several Pairs of Beads
―Bending Lady,‖ House of the Ladies (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 10)
―Sta
nding Lady,‖ House of the Ladies (only partially preserved)
C) Single Strand of Spherical Beads
Female Figure 5, Isopata Ring, CMS II.3.051 (pictured)
D) Three Bunches of Individual Strands, Divided into Segments and Flaring at the Ends
―
Saffron Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3 (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 118)
E) Thick Group of Free-flowing Strands
―N
ecklace Swinger,‖ Xeste 3 (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 101)
―Saff
ron Gatherer 4,‖ Xeste 3 (in red)
―
Wounded Woman,‖ Xeste 3 (in red)
[254]
Figure 2.23: Armbands
A)
B)
A) Simple Armlets Worn by ―
Saffron Gatherers 1 and 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig.118, 120)
B) More Complicated Armlets Worn by the ―Goddess
‖ from Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 125)
[255]
Figure 2.24: Bracelets
A) ―U
-Bracelets‖
B) Strand(s) of Spherical Beads
Lady with Lily, Mycenae (The Author)
―
Saffron Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3 (Doumas 1992: fig. 118)
―
Veiled Girl,‖ Xeste 3 (Doumas 1992: fig. 107)
Terracotta Fig. with Papyrus, Myc. (Cat. No. 106) (The Author)
Tiryns Figurine wear skirt and waz pendant (Cat. No. 108) (The
Author)
C) Simple Straight Lines (Single, Double, or Triple)
CMS I.127 (FF1)
CMS I.179 (double and triple; image from ring)
D)Bracelets made of more than one
band of more than one color
―Veil
ed Girl,‖ Xeste 3 (Doumas 1992: fig. 107)
―Priest
ess,‖ West House (Doumas 1992: fig. 25)
E) Cords with and without visible lentoid seal
Female figure with Sheaves, Mycenae (The Author)
Ayia Triada Sarcophagus, FF5 (Marinatos 1984: fig. 16)
F) Miscellaneous group: strands of beads of various shapes
―Fra
uenfries,‖ Thebes (Reusch 1956: color foldout)
Ivory Plaque of FF with Sheaf, Mycenae, NM 2473 (Poursat 1977: pl. 29)
Knossos Fresco Fragments (Cameron and Hood 1967: pl. 12 b)
[256]
Figure 2.25: Anklets
B)
A)
C)
A) Blue Curving Anklet with Dots (Granulation?)
―Saff
ron Gatherer 1,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
―Saff
ron Gatherer 4,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 123)
B) Gold Curving Anklet with Dots (Granulation?)
―Saff
ron Gatherer 2,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 118)
―Saff
ron Gatherer 3,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
C) Plain Blue Curving Anklet
―Veil
ed Girl,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri (pictured, Doumas 1992: fig. 107)
[257]
Figure 2.26: Poses of Figures not Depicted Standing Upright
A)
B)
D)
C)
E)
A) Sitting
C) Kneeling on the Ground
HM 1629, FF2
HM 1700, FF1
CMS I.017, FF3
CMS I.179 (pictured)
CMS IS.114
CMS II.3.252
CMS II.6.005
CMS V.253
CMS VI.277, top row FF 1
CMS VI.321
CMS XI.030
Chania Mus. K115, Ivory Plaque of FF with Lily
NM 2399, Ivory plaque with Seated FF
Mochlos Ivory Pyxis FF1
―
Goddess,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
―
Wounded Woman,‖ Xeste 3, Akrotiri
CMS VI.277, top row FF 4,5
CMS VI.278 (pictured)
CMS XI.029
―
Kneeling Woman,‖ Room 14, Villa Ayia Triada
D) Hanging or Pulling on Tree
HM 1700, FF4 (pictured. Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki
and Rethemiotakes 2004: fig. 1)
CMS I.017
CMS I.514, FF2 (pulling pose, top of tree not shown)
CMS III.3.114
CMS XII.264
B) Crouching/squatting
E) Standing and Bending at the Waist
CMS II.6.027 (pictured)
CMS VI.277, top row FF 2
(?) NM 2473, Ivory Plaque of FF with Sheaves
CMS I.126, FF1 (pictured)
CMS II.3.326 (rather slight bend)
―
Bending Lady,‖ House of the Ladies, Akrotiri
[258]
Figure 2.27 A-D: Differences in Relative Size Among Female Figures
Figure 2.27 A: Female Figures of (Slightly) Different Heights as a Result of Attempts to
Show Perspective
i)
CMS V.728
iii)
CMS V.173
ii)
iv)
CMS VS1B.113
HM 1700
i) The increase in the heights of both the female figures and the shrines from left to right across the
impression suggests that the female figures are moving from a more distant shrine, at left, to a closer
shrine, at right.
ii) The difference in the relative heights of FF1 and FF2 and the corresponding decrease in the
heights of the flowers from the left side of the impression to the right seem to add some
dimmensionality to a scene that at first glance appears to be somewhat flat. The heights of the figures
and plants suggest that the elements at the left side of the impression are somewhat closer than those
at the far right side.
iii) The slight difference in size between the two figures gives the impression that FF1 is slightly
―
upstage‖ of FF2.
iv) HM 1700 employs a rather different type of perspective, variously refered to as ―
Cavalier
Perspective‖ (Stevenson Smith 1965) or ―Mountai
n View Perspective‖ (Crowley 1989). The
relatively small size of FF3 on the boat suggests she is further away from and further below the
vantage point. (See figure B for the size of the floating FF 2.)
[259]
Figure 2.27 B: Scenes Including Small-Scale, “Floating” Female Figures
i)
HM 1629
ii)
HM 1700
iii)
CMS II.3.051
iv)
v)
vi)
CMS II.6.006
[260]
CMS II.3.305
CMS VI.280
Figure 2.27 B: Scenes Including Small-Scale. “Floating” Female Figures (CONT.)
vii)
Ivory Pyxis from Mochlos
(Soles 2011: part 4)
Related Figure:
viii)
CMS XIII.039
[261]
Figure 2.27 C: Small-Scale Female Figures that do not Float above the Scene—Apparently
Youths (?)
i)
ii)
CMS II.6.001
CMS I.017
i)
ii)
CMS VI.278
CMS II.3.326
iii)
[262]
CMS XI.030
(CONT)
iv)
―Saff
ron Gatherer 4‖ with ―
Seated Goddess,‖ North Wall, Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 122)
v)
―Adorant
s‖ fresco, Adyton, Xeste 3, Akrotiri
(Doumas 1992: fig. 108)
[263]
Figure 2.28 A-E: Composite Figures with Units of Female Human Figures
Figure 2.28 A: “Bird Women” (with Human Heads, Skirts, and Feet + Bird Wings)
Associated VE
CMS III.364
CMS VII.141
Units: Human heads with Recurring Hairstyle # 3, necks (long on VII.141), long bird wings,
skirts with horizontal lines, human feet..
Figure 2.28 B: “Bird Women” with Squill-like Head/Breasts
CMS II.7.135A
CMS II.7.135b
CMS XII.174b
Units: Bird wings, skirt-like bird tail below ―wai
st,‖ large breasts, depicted as if in profile. Linear
projections like basal leaves in lieu of head. Together breasts and projections from head bear
some resemblance to squills, thus explaining the inclusion of this object in the dataset.
[264]
Figure 2.28 C: Fanning Petals Vegetal Elements above Skirts and Feet
CMS IX.166
CMS IX.167
Units: ―Fa
nning Petals‖ Vegetal Elements, ―s
treamer‖ or bract-like projections, skirt, human(?)
feet.
Figure 2.28 D: Abstracted, Composite Female Figure—Ivy Leaf as Torso and Pendant
Motif as Skirt
NM 8375, Jug from Tholos Tomb 2, Routsi
(The Author)
Units: Cordiform (ivy) leaf with curving ends forming breasts with prominent areolae, skirt
formed by pendant motif.
[265]
Figure 2.28 E: Goat-Bird-Woman (?) with VE as Skirt
CMS XII.276b
Units: Head and torso of goat (?), bird wings, flounced kilt apparently made up of a vegetal
element, curving legs.
[266]
A)
B)
Figure 3.1: CMS VS1A.075
A) Impression of seal
B) Likeness of constitutent units of plam tree and female figure.
[267]
Figure 3.2: Interplay Between the Impression and the Seal CMS VS1A.075
[268]
Figure 3.3: CMS: I.279, A hard stone lentoid from Myrsinokhori, on which, through the
unusual rendering of several units of both the female figure and the lilies and through the
juxtaposition of these elements, the artist creates a striking visual simile, showing how the
female figure is like the flowers.
[269]
Figure 3.4: CMS VS1B.113, A gold signet ring from Aidonia on which female figures are
likened to flowers through the formal similarities and syntactical proximity between the flounced
skirts and the spreading flowers and through the emphasis on the calyx/bracts of the flowers
drawing parallels between the flowers and the unusually rendered torsos above the single girdles.
Figure 3.5: CMS II.3.051, The Isopata ring, on which the visual likening of female figures is
achieved through the corresponding numbers of the female figures and flowers, the
corresponding syntactical positions (see Figure 3.6 below), the formal similarity of the flowers to
the units of Female Figures 1 and 2, and syntactical emphasis on the left side of the composition
where these likening of units plays out.
[270]
a)
b)
Figure 3.6: The Relationship between the Arrangement of the Flowers and the
Arrangement of Female Figures on CMS II.3.051
If the flowers were to be reflected from their original position (a) across a vertical axis running
just to the left side of Female Figure 2, the new positions of the flowers (b) would approximate
those of the female figures. The relationship is not exact (due, it seems, to spatial limitations on
the left side of the pictorial field which cause the two smaller vegetal elements to be stacked on
top of one another more than Female Figures 3 and 4 are), but it is noteworthy nonetheless and
seems to reinforce the one-to-one correspondence of female figures to vegetal elements.
It is also worth noting that this relationship is most obvious when the flowers are reflected across
an axis just to the left of center. But if we were to reflect the flowers over a central vertical axis
(creating the mirror image of the impression, in other words, the image on the ring itself) the
general effect would be the same. This scene thus appears to provide an unusual eliptical
example of a glyptic scene in which the artist might have considered the interplay between the
seal and the impression and exploited that relationship to convey meaning concerning the female
figures and vegetal elements as we discussed above with respect to CMS VS1A.075 (p. 263).
[271]
Figure 3.7: Detail of NM 8375
A LH IIA beaked jug from Routsi on which ivy leaf motifs and pendant motifs are combined to
create the abstract forms of three skirted female figures with bare breasts and dotted hair
following the contours of their heads, sloping shoulders, and arms. (The Author)
Figure 3.8: Mycenaean Figurines of the “Naturalistic” Type
Note the way the arms slope downwards from the neck and curve up under the breasts creating a
cordiform shape like that formed by the ivy motif on NM 8375. (E. French 1971: fig. 2, h-j)
[272]
Figure 3.9: A Terracotta Figure from Mycenae (Myc. Mus. 69-1221)
Stylized papyrus plants are superimposed onto the form of the female figure and appear to grow
up the body creating a visual metaphor. (The Author)
[273]
Figure 3.10: CMS VI.278
A female figure in skintight, semi-transparent pantaloons kneels over a squill with two
exaggeratedly large bulbs. The formal similarity and syntactical proximity between the thigh of
the female figure and the bulbs create a sort of metaphorical “play” blurring the distinction
between female figure and squill.
[274]
b)
a)
Figure 3.11: Ivory Mirror Handles with Girls above Palm II Leaves
a) NM 2899, Chamber Tomb 55, Mycenae
b) NM 2900, Tholos of Clytemnestra, Mycenae
(Poursat 1977: pl. 32, 35)
Figure 3.12: Line Drawings of Palm II Motifs from Other Mycenaean Ivory Objects
Note how, in all instances, shorter sprouting leaves or fronds are depicted above the distinctively
S-curved leaves. (Furumark 1972: fig. 39.a-c)
[275]
Figure 3.13: Photograph of Ivory Mirror Handle NM 2899 (The Author)
[276]
Figure 3.14: An Ivory Mirror Handle from Routsi Carved to Look Like a Bouquet of
Roses, NM 8343. (Poursat 1977: pl. 41)
[277]
CMS IX.166
CMS IX.167
Figure 3.15: Composite Female Figures Made up of a Vegetal Element and Skirts with Feet
The impression form an agate lentoid from the Lower Town at Mycenae showing a female figure
with various streamers projecting from her torso, not altogether unlike those projecting from
between the skirts and vegetal elements of the figures on CMS IX.166 and 167 in the preceding
figure.
[278]
CMS II.7.135 A
CMS II.7.135 B
Figure 3.17: CMS II.7.135 A and B, Hybrid female figures with strap-like leaves for heads that,
together with the breasts, bear resemblance to double-bulbed squills
Figure 3.18: CMS XII.276b, A composite creature whose garment—apparently a flounced kilt
coming to a point between the legs—is, in fact, an unusual branching vegetal element.
[279]
Figure 3.19: Lion Hunt Dagger, Shaft Grave IV at Mycenae, Sides 1 and 2
(Xenaki-Sakellariou and C. Chatziliou 1989: pl.1, 2)
[280]
Figure 3.20: Red-Figure Alabastron (Kassel 551) Showing Association of Female Figure,
Palm, and Altar in Classical Period Attic Vase Painting
The young woman carries a phiale in her right hand and a kanoun, or basket, in her left hand.
The resemblance of the kanoun to horns of consercration occuring on altars with palms in LBA
Aegean iconography must be mere coincidence. (Sourvinou-Inwood 1991: fig. 13)
[281]
Figure 3.21: CMS I.410, A carved ivory ring from Phylakopi on Melos, depicting a female
figure before an altar-like construction. Foliate vegetal elements that resemble palm fronds
spring up behind her, and lines suggesting the growth of new fronds appear below the altar-like
construction (see p. 54 for a discussion of the resemblance of these elements to those behind the
female figure). The vegetal element the female figure holds in her hand appears most like a squill
and has been interpreted by others as such (e.g. Wedde 1999:176).
[282]

Appendix - Department of Classics

Transcription

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