China`s City Winners
Transcription
China`s City Winners
WORLD WINNING CITIES Global Foresight Series 2012 China’s City Winners Qingdao City Profile 2 China’s City Winners China’s City Winners: Qingdao Jones Lang LaSalle’s View Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and overlooking the Yellow Sea, Qingdao is one of mainland China’s most important trade gateways. In particular, the city benefits from longstanding and healthy bilateral trade and economic exchanges with Japan and South Korea, which are only a relatively short distance away. Qingdao offers a robust manufacturing base and competitive port facilities that both act as a bedrock for the economic development of the city. Sound fundamentals in trade, the city’s strong association with the marine sector, and a growing tourism sector have enabled Qingdao to stand out among China’s Tier 2 cities. Given the city’s successful indigenous enterprises and the growing momentum in marine research, we remain particularly favourable towards the future of the industrial real estate and business park sectors in Qingdao over the long term. The retail property market is another opportunity; for example, community retail in the suburbs remains underprovided as the city’s population continues to shift in the direction of more affordable areas. Demand for high-end residential, a segment which has been underperforming over the last two years since the introduction of ‘Home Purchase Restrictions’ regulations, is also expected to recover should the policy loosen. Moreover, Qingdao’s inherent attractions, in terms of its picturesque landscape and appealing lifestyle, will ensure that strong demand is maintained, especially from high-net-worth individuals from across Shandong Province. In the offices sector, 2012 has marked one of Qingdao’s largest deliveries of Grade A supply to date, providing the city with a significant amount of high-quality office stock that has overwhelmed demand. This has, however, created very favourable conditions for Grade A office occupiers, with potentially softening occupancy costs and an increasing choice of accommodation. Over the next five years, Qingdao will maintain the expansion of its core urban area. To the west, a new economic zone – the West Coast Economic New Area - will continue to attract large investments in the development and expansion of Qingdao Port and other related industries; to the east, a planned ‘Blue Silicon Valley’ will be built to accelerate growth of the wider marine science research sector (reinforcing the city’s dominant position as a major marine research centre); and to the north, high-end manufacturing and emerging industries will be the main development focus. Drawn by Qingdao’s strong growth potential, an increasing number of well-known national developers, such as Vanke and China Resources Land, have entered the market, along with international players; Singapore’s CapitaMalls Asia has recently acquired land to build its first shopping centre in the city, while IKEA has selected a site for its first Qingdao outlet. Meanwhile, numerous international hotel brands, including Ritz-Carlton, Conrad, Park Hyatt, Sheraton, Four Seasons and Hyatt Regency, are also planning their entry into the city. Qingdao City Profile 2012 3 Economic Dashboard Economic Dashboard Size Population (million 2011) 7.7 GDP (RMB billion 2011) 661.6 Employment (million 2011) Openness FDI (USD billion 2011) 5.29 Exports (USD billion 2011) 5.5 40.06 Wealth GDP/Capita (RMB 2011) 75,563 28,586 Growth Population (% pa 2001-2011) 0.76% Urban Disposable Income per Capita (RMB 2011) GDP (% pa 2001-2011) 17.5% Education and Labour Higher Education Institutions (2011) Infrastructure Port Traffic (000s tons 2011) 379,710 Container Traffic (000s tons 2011) Enrolments in Institutions of Higher Education (2011) 13,020 Air Freight (000s tons 2011) 22 Social Employment (million 2011) 166.5 5.51 Average Wage (RMB 2011) 32,763 Source: Qingdao Statistical Bureau, 2011 See Definition of Terms Tier 1 Core Tier 1.5 Transitional Tier 2 Growth HEILONGJIANG JILIN Shenyang XINJIANG LIAONING HEBEI Beijing Tianjin INNER MONGOLIA Jinan QINGHAI GANSU Chengdu SICHUAN JIANGSU HENAN HUBEI CHONGQING Nanjing Hefei ANHUI Wuhan JIANGXI HUNAN FUJIAN Taipei Xiamen GUANGDONG Guangzhou GUANGXI Wuxi Suzhou Shanghai Hangzhou Ningbo ZHEJIANG Chongqing Changsha GUIZHOU YUNNAN Qingdao Zhengzhou Xi’an SHAANXI TIBET Dalian HEBEI SHANXI SHANDONG NINGXIA Dongguan TAIWAN Shenzhen Hong Kong Macau HAINAN 291,453 4 China’s City Winners City Overview Demographics A major port and marine research centre Qingdao is a major port city on the Bohai Economic Rim in Shandong Province and has a total population of 7.7 million (2011). Rapid urban expansion The total population of Qingdao is approximately 7.7 million, and this has increased by nearly 560,000 over the past 10 years at an annual average growth rate of 0.76%. Among China’s northern cities, Qingdao has the third largest population which makes up about 9% of the population of Shandong Province. Home to several global brands Qingdao is home to some of China’s best-known brands, including Haier, Hisense, Tsingtao Beer and a subsidiary of CSR. Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd, founded in 1903, was the earliest brewery in China and it is now responsible for over 50% of China’s total beer exports. Haier is the world’s third largest manufacturer of white goods, with a sales turnover of more than RMB 122 billion. These highly successful indigenous brands have played an important role in the economic development of Qingdao and will continue to be a key driver of future growth. Events boost The sailing events of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games held in Qingdao brought new vitality to the city’s economy, and the eyecatching sailing centre has subsequently become a popular area for retail and residential development. Qingdao is hosting the 2014 International Horticultural Exposition which is already bringing about rapid redevelopment in Licang District, where it is due be held. The government is currently undertaking a number of massive urban regeneration projects in preparation for the event. 25 3.8% 4% 20 3% 2.1% 15 1.5% 10 1.2% 1.3% 2% 1% 5 0 Population Growth With 863 kilometres of coastline and an abundance of marine resources, the city is positioned as China’s key marine research centre, accounting for 30% of the country’s total marine specialists. Qingdao’s advanced marine research facilities have, over time, acted as a stimulus for maintaining and growing the city’s marine economy. For example, Qingdao’s has been ranked as the No. 1 aquatic products processing and trade centre in China for the past two decades. The city’s government is also keen to develop wider marine-related opportunities, in sectors such as the manufacture of ocean engineering equipment, the marine chemical industry, modern logistics and coastal tourism. Population of North China Cities (2010) Population (Million) It is one of China’s five largest trading ports and is the seventh busiest port in the world; its container, crude oil and iron ore terminals rank among the largest domestically. Qingdao has built trading connections with more than 130 countries and 450 ports across the globe. 0% Beijing Population Tianjin Qingdao Shenyang Dalian Population Growth Y-o-Y (2010) Source: Municipal Statistics Bureaus, 2010 The city comprises seven urban districts and five county-level cities, with around 36% of the population living in the urban districts. Shinan District is the administrative and commercial centre, and this is where most of the city’s office and retail space is located. Over the past 10 years, Qingdao has seen rapid urban expansion towards the west in Huangdao, the east in Laoshan and the north in Jiaozhou Bay. The eastern coastal area currently serves as the centre for modern service industries, while the coastal area in the west is the marine economy zone. Qingdao City Profile 2012 5 Economic Background Regional hub for Shandong Competitive advantages in manufacturing, modern service industries and abundant marine resources - along with its status as the shipping and marine research centre of north-east Asia - have established Qingdao as the regional economic hub for Shandong Province. Qingdao’s Districts (2011) Laixi Pingdu Since 2001, Qingdao’s economy has grown by an average of 17.5% per year to reach RMB 661.6 billion in 2011, making it the largest economy in the province. Qingdao’s primary industry production increased by 5% y-o-y in 2011 to RMB 30.6 billion, while secondary and tertiary industries rose 11.6% y-o-y and 12.4% y-o-y respectively. 2011 was notable for being the first time that the tertiary sector (RMB 315.9 billion) had overtaken the secondary sector (RMB 315.1 billion) as the largest contributor to the city’s economy. Jimo Chengyang District Jiaozhou Laoshan District Licang District Huangdao District Sifang District Shibei District Jiaonan Shinan District Area (sq km) Population Density (person/ sq km) Shinan District 30 548,467 18,276 Shibei District 29 494,844 17,290 Sifang District 36 372,070 10,199 Licang District 98 309,744 3,161 Laoshan District 389 249,130 640 Huangdao District 274 314,663 1,148 Chengyang District 553 482,011 871 Subtotal 1,410 2,770,929 1,966 Jiaozhou City 1,324 807,140 610 Jimo City 1,921 1,131,794 589 Pingdu City 3,176 1,376,204 433 Jiaonan City 1,822 841,222 462 Laixi City 1,568 736,323 470 Subtotal 9,811 4,892,683 499 District Core Suburban/ Periphery Source: Qingdao Statistics Bureau, 2011 Fixed-asset investment for the city increased by 23.4% in 2011 to end the year at RMB 350.3 billion, while property investment grew by 30%. This was largely driven by the start of a number of new social housing projects, following an overall decline in ‘starts’ for commercial residential projects as a result of the ‘Home Purchase Restrictions’ regulations. Qingdao’s pillar industries Qingdao’s seven pillar industries are home appliances, petrochemicals, vehicles, ocean engineering, textile processing, food processing and machinery – which, together, contribute to 86% of the city’s industrial output. At over RMB 1 trillion, Qingdao has China’s tenth largest industrial economy (based on data from the EIU). As well as supporting these vital industries, Qingdao’s government is also focused on the development of a modern services sector, including tourism and hospitality, financial, logistics, business process outsourcing and IT. In 2011, service industries accounted for 47.8% of total GDP; at the same time, retail sales hit RMB 230.2 billion, an increase of 17.4% y-o-y, which is a faster growth rate than many of China’s other large coastal cities. Despite the subdued demand from Europe and the US, foreign trade saw an impressive 27% growth in 2011 to reach US$71.3 billion. Exports to emerging markets have, unsurprisingly, expanded at a much faster rate than exports to traditional markets. 6 China’s City Winners Total tourist income for the city was around RMB 68.1 billion in 2011, an increase of 17.5% y-o-y. The robust and sustained growth in both tourism and business in Qingdao has attracted a number of major international operators, including InterContinental, Starwood, Hyatt, Kempinski and Accor. Strong economic performance has also improved the quality of life in the city, with urban per capita disposable income doubling from RMB 12,920 in 2005 to RMB 28,567 in 2011. GDP of North China Cities (2011) 1,800 RMB Billion 1,200 1,000 12.3% 16% 13.5% 11.7% 8.1% 800 12% 8% 600 400 GDP Growth 1,400 20% 16.4% 1,600 4% 200 0 Shenyang Dalian 0% Qingdao Tianjin Beijing GDP Growth Y-o-Y (2011) GDP (RMB Billion) Source: Municipal Statistics Bureaus, 2011 800 700 18.7% 17.4% 17.4% 17.5% 600 RMB Billion 500 400 300 200 10.8% 100 0 Dalian Qingdao Shenyang Tianjin Retail Sales (RMB Billion) Beijing Retail Sales Growth Y-o-Y (2011) Source: Municipal Statistics Bureaus, 2011 20% 19% 18% 17% 16% 15% 14% 13% 12% 11% 10% Retail Sales Growth Retail Sales of North China Cities (2011) Qingdao City Profile 2012 7 Planning and Infrastructure Strategic location boosted by transport improvements Qingdao’s position as a key transport hub in north-east Asia has largely been driven by its strategic location and geographic proximity to, and close working relationship with South Korea and Japan. Abundant port resources and government-led infrastructure investment, which is focused on improving transport connectivity, is expected to reinforce Qingdao’s position as a leading international transport hub. World’s seventh largest port Established in 1892, Qingdao is the world’s seventh busiest seaport by cargo tonnage and the world’s eighth busiest container port. Trading with 450 ports in more than 130 countries, Qingdao Port has developed into one of the Pacific west coast’s most important transportation hubs. In 2011, the total throughput of the port was nearly 380 million tons, an increase of 8.5% y-o-y. The number of container (TEUs) handled was around 13 million, similar to the volume of Dubai or Rotterdam. The rapid growth of Qingdao Port has created numerous employment opportunities and provided fertile ground for the growth of related industries – such as manufacturing/ processing, logistics/trading and finance/insurance - which have all helped to strengthen Qingdao’s competitiveness. The shift of these Qingdao Port has five harbour districts - Old Port, Huangdao Oil Port, Qianwan New Port, Dongjiakou Port and Aoshan Bay Port. Over the next five years, the government will put more focus on the construction of Dongjiakou Port so it can reach its full potential. It will also develop Qianwan New Port into an international deep-water facility for container transportation, and convert the Old Port into a modern harbour capable of accommodating cruise ships. An international air hub Qingdao Liuting International Airport is Shandong Province’s main international airport, currently handling nearly half of all scheduled international flights in and out of the province. The airport carried 11.7 million passengers in 2011, making it the 15th largest hub in mainland China. Located around 23 km from the city centre, it is served by 95 domestic routes and 13 international routes, which reach 59 cities. In 2011, air freight traffic totalled 89,300 tons, ranking the airport 14th in China by volume of freight handled. According to the 12th Five-Year Plan, there are plans to build a new international airport in Qingdao in order to serve more areas in the eastern part of Shandong Province, and to open up more direct routes to Europe, North America, Japan and South Korea. industries up the value chain will unlock the potential for Qingdao to raise its ‘major international port’ status even higher. Qingdao’s Railways and Expressways Laixi Pingdu 7 2 3 Weifang 1 5 6 1 Gaomi Jimo Jiaozhou 3 2 Zhucheng 1 QINGDAO 2 4 Jiaonan 204 Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research Haiyang 204 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 1 2 National Highway 204 Qingdao – Yinchuan Expressway Qingdao – Xinhe Expressway Jiaozhou Bay Expressway Qingdao – Lanzhou Expressway Shenyang – Haikou Expressway Weihai – Qingdao Expressway Weifang – Laiyang Expressway Qingdao – Jinan Railway Qingdao – Xinyi Railway Qingdao – Yantai Railway Jiaozhou Bay Bridge Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel 8 China’s City Winners A focus on the port rail network Over the next five years, Qingdao will also pay particular attention to the development of its port rail network and to link its existing major transportation hubs to both Dongjiakou and Aoshan Bay Ports. Rail connections with the Yangtze Delta region will also be strengthened in order to increase traffic capacity. A well-developed highway network Qingdao has a well-developed highway network, including three major expressways within the city core and two over-water highways. At 41.6 km in length, Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge is the longest over-water bridge in the world, substantially shortening travel time between Huangdao and Qingdao. This has helped create a ‘one-hour economic ring’ - the area within an hour’s drive of Qingdao city proper. Jiaozhou Bay Undersea Tunnel, which is 7.8 km long, has reduced commuting time between Shinan and Huangdao by 30 minutes and improved the development of the western coastal areas of Jiaozhou Bay. Ambitious metro plans Qingdao’s Metro plan was announced in 2009 and currently there are five lines proposed under Qingdao’s 12th Five-Year Plan. The M3 line, with 22 stations, is under construction and due for completion in 2014; the line will link the old town of western Shinan and the business district in eastern Shinan, running through Shibei CBD and terminating in the Licang core area. Construction of the M2 line is expected to start in 2013; it will run through Laoshan business district and also end in Licang District. The completion of these lines will improve connectivity between the aforementioned districts and lead to an increase in real estate activity in areas close to Metro stations. The remaining three lines are still at the design stage, but with plans to link downtown Qingdao with areas in Huangdao, as well as the suburbs of Chengyang, more downtown residents may be encouraged to move to the urban periphery. Qingdao’s Metro Northern Railway Station Line M3 Licun Park Licun Line M3 (2014 Completion Date) Line M2 (2012 Start Construction) Planned Shuangshan Taishan Line M2 Railway Station Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research Taidong Dunhua Road Wusi Square Beer City Qingdao City Profile 2012 9 Key Development Areas West Coast Economic New Area The newly-planned West Coast Economic New Area combines the existing Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Free Trade Zone, West Coast Export Processing Zone, SinoGerman Ecological Park, Jiaonan and some areas of Jiaozhou; it covers a total land area of over 2,096 sq km and a sea area of over 5,000 sq km. The primary function of this ‘New Area’ project, which is currently under construction, is to link the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone in the south with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Economic Zone in the north to form a contiguous economic development zone from north to south. Upon completion in 2020, Qingdao’s New Area is expected to rank alongside the Tianjin-Binhai New Area and Chongqing’s Two Rivers New Zone as a key national economic zone, with a clear aim to demonstrate China’s high-quality marine industry infrastructure. With the objective to position itself as a port-based economy, Qingdao expects that more than half of the city’s total investment will be directed towards the New Area. The Chinese and German governments are already collaborating on the development of a 10 sq km Ecological Park, located in the New Area, to attract German investment in sectors such as renewable energy, energy reduction and environmental protection. The government has also just announced plans for a Sino-Japanese-Korean Innovation Park to boost co-operation between the three countries through investment in high-end industries. Dongjiakou Port, which is also located within the New Area is a deep-water facility which is both silt and ice-free; this enables 365-day operations for both the port and its dependent industries. With an exceptionally-functional port, the creation of the New Area and the amalgamation of adjacent economic zones, the port district stands to directly benefit those businesses already in the area, namely automobile, shipbuilding, marine engineering, white goods manufacturing and petrochemicals. Furthermore, as well as speeding-up and growing trade volumes, both tourism and financial services are expected to see increased business levels. Blue Silicon Valley Another development zone worthy of note is the recently announced Blue Silicon Valley development zone. According to official releases, Blue Silicon Valley will consist of ‘One Zone, One Corridor and One Park.’ • ‘One Zone’ will be the core of Blue Silicon Valley’s operations, and will envelop two existing towns in Jimo City. In total it will cover 218 sq km of land and 225 sq km of sea area. • ‘One Corridor’ will lie to the south of ‘One Zone’ and will stretch from Binhai Road to Laoshan Science and Technology City. This 50-km-long stretch of ‘industry’ will form a marine science and technology corridor. • ‘One Park’ is the new business park to be situated within a 63 sq km area located to the north of Jiaozhou Bay. Blue Silicon Valley will focus on marine science and technology R&D, as well as related marine industries. 300 enterprises have already signed up - a total investment of over RMB 66 billion. Key Development Areas Blue Silicon Valley – One Zone Blue Silicon Valley – One Park Blue Silicon Valley – One Corridor West Coast Economic New Area Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research 10 China’s City Winners Business Environment Key Industries/Sectors A strong trading tradition Over the past five years, the city’s key enterprises, together with a number of high-end projects, have helped to drive a comprehensive modernisation of Qingdao’s traditional industries. A significant volume of major projects have been completed or commissioned, and new technological breakthroughs have allowed industries to advance both their capabilities and capacities. An important manufacturing centre Qingdao is an important manufacturing centre in China, with a total industrial output value of RMB 1,266.3 billion in 2011. Its seven pillar industries - machinery and steel, petrochemicals, home appliances, food and beverage, textiles and clothing, vehicles and locomotives, and ships and ocean engineering - together comprise 86% of total industrial output. In 2011 the city’s focus on strategic emerging industries helped to achieve an added-value of RMB 55 billion, capturing 8.5% of total GDP. At the same time, the development of the marine economy has fostered the growth or establishment of a number of associated industries, creating an added-value of about RMB 66 billion in 2011, an increase of 20% y-o-y. In total, Qingdao’s 415 marine-related enterprises realised an annual income of more than RMB 250 billion in 2011. Pillar Industries in Qingdao (2011) Its closest and strongest trading partners are South Korea and Japan. Qingdao’s strategic location made it the first city to develop trading activities with the countries, after China opened its doors to trade in the 1980s. The strong commercial relationship continues today; each now has a consulate in the city and, in 2011, Japan and South Korea were two of Qingdao’s top three trading partners, both in terms of the imports and exports and investment. Industrial Output (RMB Billion) Percentage Total Industrial Output Value 1,266.3 100.0% 1 Machinery and Steel 292.2 23.1% 2 Petrochemicals 203.9 16.1% 3 Home Appliances 152.7 12.1% 4 Food and Beverage 150.3 11.9% 5 Textiles and Clothing 139.3 11.0% 6 Vehicles and Locomotives 100.6 7.9% 7 Ships and Ocean Engineering 49.4 3.9% Other Industries 178.0 14.1% Source: Municipal Statistics Bureaus Industrial Output in North China Cities (2010) 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 RMB Billion As a city dedicated to foreign trade, Qingdao has concentrated on developing every facet of its international trade - from stabilising robust export levels, to expanding import capacities, to building trade links with emerging markets. In the process it is transforming Qingdao into a fully-functional world-class trading hub. Industry Rank 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Tianjin Beijing Source: Municipal Statistics Bureaus Qingdao Shenyang Dalian Qingdao City Profile 2012 11 Labour and Education Renowned for marine science and technology In 2011, Qingdao’s total employment reached 5.5 million, an increase of 2% y-o-y. Secondary and tertiary industries employed about 2.3 million and 2.2 million respectively, while primary industries employed around 1.1 million. The manufacturing sector employs by far the largest number of people at 1.4 million. To support the growth of its marine economy, Qingdao is particularly focused on attracting and developing more research and technical personnel. It is already renowned for an outstanding education infrastructure in marine science and technology, with 28 oceanological research institutions, 20 key laboratories and the Ocean University of China. On a broader academic front, the city also has a number of high-profile universities including Qingdao University, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Technological University and Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao’s Employment by Industry (2011) Primary Industries 19% Tertiary Industries 40% Secondary Industries 41% Source: Qingdao Statistics Bureau, 2011 12 China’s City Winners Major Employers Haier Qingdao Iron and Steel Group Founded in 1984, the Haier Group has grown into an international group with more than 70,000 employees working across the globe and a turnover of RMB 135.7 billion (2010). It has risen to become one of the world’s top consumer appliance brands and has been selected as one of the 10 most innovative companies in the world by USA’s Newsweek. The company is located in Haier Industrial Park and occupies a total area of 490,000 sq m. Located in Licang industrial area, Qingdao Iron and Steel Group is one of the top 500 domestic enterprises in China, employing around 10,700 people. Hisense From its origins as Qingdao No.2 Radio Factory in 1969, Hisense has developed into a global conglomerate, with two listed companies, three famous trademarks and a wide range of products and services including multimedia, home appliances, telecommunications and information technology. With 60,000 employees around the world, Hisense positions its business within the ‘high end’ of its industries through the quality of its technological research. The company’s sales revenue reached US$9.5 billion in 2010, including US$1.4 billion from overseas markets. LIUHE Group Founded in 1995, the LIUHE Group is engaged in the production of animal feed, meat processing, poultry and livestock breeding, import and export trade and livestock financing. The Group has more than 265 subsidiary companies nationwide and its total employee numbers exceed 50,000. In 2010, the LIUHE Group ranked 157th among the top 500 domestic enterprises in China with a total sales revenue of RMB 50.7 billion. Tsingtao Brewery Tsingtao Brewery, one of the oldest beer producers in China, was founded in 1903 by German and British merchants. With over 35,000 employees, the company now has more than 50 breweries in 18 different regions and exports to over 70 countries. In 2010 its revenue and net profit reached new record highs of RMB 19.6 billion and 1.5 billion respectively, making Tsingtao the top Chinese beer producer among the world’s top 500 brands. Hiking Group Founded in 2002, Hiking Group is a major business consortium with interests in areas such as trade, financial investment, real estate development and elderly care services; it owns 132 subsidiaries and has over 17,900 employees. Qingdao Port Group With 16,000 employees, Qingdao Port is the world’s seventh busiest seaport by cargo tonnage and the world’s eighth busiest by container numbers. Alcatel-Lucent Located in Qingdao International Innovation Park in Laoshan District, Alcatel-Lucent – the telecommunications equipment multinational occupies a site area of around 150,000 sq m and employs 1,200 people; its chief export markets are India, Australia and North America. Its facilities also host one of Alcatel-Lucent’s six major system integration centres around the world, with the design centre reporting directly to the company’s global design headquarters. Qingdao City Profile 2012 13 Major Investments SAIC-GM-Wuling (SGMW) Sinotruk Qingdao is the major manufacturing base of SGMW in northern China. SGMW opened its plant for the manufacture of vehicles and engines in 2005. 2011, the second phase of the facility was completed with a site area of 324,000 sq m and a total investment of RMB 1.14 billion. The expansion is expected to increase production capacity of the plant by 300,000 to 510,000 vehicles. In 2011, Sinotruk opened a new factory in Qingdao National High-tech Industrial Development Zone with a site area of around 533,000 sq m. The new plant, with an investment of RMB 800 million, has the capacity to produce 15,000 special purpose motor vehicles, 100,000 fluid cylinders and 5,000 excavators annually. Sinotruk plans to expand the investment to RMB 2 billion to create China’s largest manufacturing base for special purpose motor vehicles. Shandong Hi-Speed Group (SDHS) Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, which opened to traffic in 2011, was constructed by Shandong Hi-Speed Group with a total investment of around RMB 9 billion. In 2011, SDHS invested RMB 5 billion to set up the Shandong Hi-Speed Logistics Group; located within Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone, it is expected to become the leading logistics enterprise in Qingdao. Towercrest Group In 2010, Towercrest Group invested RMB 18 billion to build a lightemitting diode (LED) industry base (including the entire production chain and R&D facilities) in Jiaozhou City. The project is under construction and will be completed in three phases. First Automobile Works (FAW) FAW has invested RMB 2.46 billion to build a new commercial vehicle production base in Jimo city. The project, with a site area of 1.5 million sq m, has been separated into two phases. The first phase is under construction and will be completed by the end of 2013; it will enable the annual production capacity of 100,000 vehicles, and help to generate sales revenue expected to be in the region of RMB 20 billion. China Merchants Group In 2009, China Merchants Group and Qingdao Port Group established a joint venture to build and operate the nine-berth Qingdao New Qianwan Container Terminal, with a total investment of around RMB 6.2 billion. In 2011, China Merchants Group, COSCO Group, IMC Group and Qingdao Port Group set up another joint venture to manage the ore terminal in Dongjiakou Port, with two berths and a site area of around 1.2 million sq m. CapitaMalls Asia CapitaMalls Asia invested RMB 1.46 billion in 2012 to acquire a site in Qingdao to be developed into a six-storey mall with a total GFA of 89,700 sq m. The project is expected to be completed in 2015. Huaqiang Group Huaqiang Group invested RMB 2 billion to build a ‘Fantawild Dreamland’ theme park, covering an area of 700,000 sq m. The park, with various entertainment facilities, is now open to the public and has added to the growth of Qingdao’s tourism sector. 14 China’s City Winners Real Estate Overview Key Transactions Real Estate Dashboard Market Size Investors Offices Grade A (sq m) 223,097 Number of Hotels (Five Star) 8 CR Land invested RMB 15 billion in the development China of an urban complex project on the Shandong Road Resources Land in 2009. Market Activity Office Construction Grade A (sq m) 335,347 Office Vacancy Grade A Greentown In 2010, Greentown acquired a 34,924 sq m land site in Hong Kong West Road for RMB 4,041 million. HNA Retailing In 2011, HNA Retailing bought HNA Centre (previously known as “Agora”), a 216,000 sqm (around 150,000 sqm saleable) project on Hong Kong Road for approximately USD 720 million. The project, a trophy asset in the CBD area and offering water views, consists of a retail podium (GFA: 38,000 sqm), 51-storey office tower (GFA: 82,000 sqm), and 30-storey residential tower (GFA: 30,000 sqm). CapitaMalls Asia In July 2012, CapitaMalls Asia acquired a 23,700 sq m site in Sifang District to house a six-storey shopping mall with a GFA of 89,700 sq m. The total development cost (including land) is expected to be RMB 1.46 billion. 48.1% Benchmark Values Offices Grade A – Rents (RMB per sq m pa) 1,633 Retail – Rents (RMB per sq m pa) 3,710 Industrial – Rents (RMB per sq m pa) 259 High-end Residential Prices (RMB per sq m) 19,305 Offices Grade A – Indicative Yields (%) 5 - 6% Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research Data as at Q2 2012 Key Players Occupiers Investors IKEA IKEA rented 5,312 sq m in the Shangri-La Centre in 2008. KPMG KPMG leased 1,635 sq m in the Inter Royal Building in 2009. Residential Hisense, Haier, SIIC, Vanke, China Overseas Land & Investment, Poly, Greentown, Lushang, Hutchison Whampoa, China Resources Land Offices COSCO, Shangri-La, Sunny World, Farglory, HNA Retailing, Excellence Industrial Global Logistic Properties, COSCO, Sinotrans, Zehan Logistics, Yurun Group Hotels Shangri-La, InterContinental, Starwood, Hyatt, Kempinski, Accor PwC PwC rented around 3,760 sq m in the HNA Centre in 2011. Retail Liqun Group, JUSCO, Mykal, Hisense, Wanda, China Resources, ZenDai Yum Yum rented 2,662 sq m in the Shangri-La Centre in 2012. Occupiers Retail Louis Vuitton, Prada, Hermès, ZARA, H&M, Uniqlo, JUSCO, Carrefour, Walmart, Metro, IKEA Service Firms PwC, KPMG, HSBC Logistics Kerry Logistics, Pantos Logistics, Expeditors, Maersk, MSC CR Land leased 2,656 sq m in the Shangri-La Centre China Resources Land in 2010. Qingdao City Profile 2012 15 Jones Lang LaSalle’s View Industrial Offices As the headquarters of several world-renowned consumer brands and home to some of China’s largest food processing and oil refining businesses, the logistics sector has become a key component of Qingdao’s industrial property market. A well-developed road network, port facilities and international airport are also helping the city to maintain its position as one of the most important logistics centres in China. The government policy of encouraging Qingdao to develop its high-tech industries, a sustainable energy sector and its market-leading marine industry, should ensure strong demand for the city’s industrial real estate. With several Grade A office buildings recently completed and more expected to be delivered over the next couple of years, Qingdao has seen a sharp increase in the availability and quality of its office space. Whereas the city once had almost no international Grade A office buildings, there are now several at a standard comparable to that found in China Tier 1 cities. With a significant volume of new supply, an oversupply situation has emerged, especially in the prime Grade A office sector. As a result, rents are expected to soften and more incentives are likely to be on offer to tenants. However, given the strong cash-flow position enjoyed by most owners and developers, a significant rental correction is unlikely. Even so, lower occupation costs and an increasing choice of accommodation is creating a much more positive environment for tenants and also helping to improve the competitiveness of the city as a business location. We believe that the manufacturing, institutional research and service industries’ sectors will continue to be the key drivers of demand in Qingdao. In particular, the growth in the service sector will ensure that demand for office space continues its upward trend in the near future; nevertheless, it will still take several years to redress the market’s current oversupply. With the government’s focus on developing marine research, the demand for low-rise office space, R&D centres and business parks might become a new opportunity for developers. 16 China’s City Winners Residential Retail With its attractive natural scenery and appealing lifestyle, Qingdao has successfully developed a string of high-end residential developments along its surrounding coastlines. These developments have not only attracted local high-net-worth individuals but also many from elsewhere in Shandong Province and China’s other northern cities. The Qingdao government’s strategy to develop the cultural sector into a major pillar of the local economy should continue to ensure that tourism expands at a healthy pace, helping to boost retail spending. As host of the 2014 World Horticultural Exposition, the city is expecting a significant hike to its tourist numbers, evidenced by the growth associated with the 2008 Summer Olympics’ events held in the city. Although transaction volumes are currently low compared to the 2008 to 2010 period - primarily due to the ‘Home Purchase Restrictions’ regulations - Qingdao, with its relatively good air quality, established tourism sector and its seafront developments, should be able to attract strong demand for its luxury residential properties over the long term. Many developers of high-end developments with sea views have therefore been reluctant to lower their prices, unlike the mass market residential developments of the city’s inland areas. Qingdao will witness a significant increase in its retail offer as more than 1.2 million sq m of retail space will be completed over the next three years. We anticipate that some of the older malls, strata title retail space and less well-located malls will face a serious challenge from newly-completed malls in the long term. High-end malls catering to the tourism sector, and department stores with well-established membership systems and huge catchment areas, are likely to continue to fare well in a highlycompetitive retail market. Importantly, increased retail spending from tourism is expected to provide a major foundation to support the expansion of retail space supply. Although local retail consumption is forecast to grow as well, not all of this increase is predicted to flow into the local retail sector; many local consumers are now spending a significant portion of their monthly purchase on internet shopping. Qingdao City Profile 2012 17 Industrial Strong demand drivers Qingdao’s industrial and logistics market is supported by a combination of world-class manufacturers, strategic industries and well-established international connectivity: • H isense and Haier, two of the world’s leading white goods manufacturers, are based in Qingdao, as is China’s iconic beer producer - Tsingtao. Other important manufacturers include the leading rail vehicle maker CSR and numerous auto truck manufacturers. • T he city’s other major industries include oil refining and food processing, which are among the largest in China. • Q ingdao Port is the world’s eighth busiest container port. The presence of an international airport and a strong road infrastructure also ensures that the city will continue to consolidate its position as a major logistics centre for northern China. The key industrial zones Qingdao’s major industrial zones are: • Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone located in Huangdao. The zone also includes Qingdao Port and is the base for many world-renowned shipping and logistics companies, such as P&O, Maersk and COSCO. • H igh-Tech Industrial Development Zone - comprising the Qingdao Hi-Tech Industrial Park in Jiaozhou Bay, Shinan Software Park, Hungdao Experimental Industrial Development Zone for New Technologies, and Shibei Science Park - is targeted towards Qingdao’s developing technology sector. Many universities are located within the zone, including Qingdao University and the Ocean University of China. • F ree Trade Zone (FTZ), based within the Qingdao Development Zone (QDZ), has been mainly developed by domestic companies, e.g. China Merchants Group and Jin An Bang. Foreign developers, such as ProLogis, have also established logistics centres in the zone. • Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in Chengyang concentrates on serving the bonded logistics trade, new materials and biomedicine industries. Export Processing Zone (EPZ) High-Tech Industrial Development Zone Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone Free Trade Zone (FTZ) Dongjiakou Economic Zone Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research • D ongjiakou Economic Zone, located near the border of Qingdao and Rizhao, is currently being developed into one of Qingdao’s key ports. Once completed, it will cover a land area of 284 sq km. There are numerous other economic development zones located in each of the suburban districts. Together these economic zones are helping Qingdao to maintain its position as one of China’s fastest growing cities. 18 China’s City Winners Offices Rapid market evolution The city’s office market has undergone significant changes over the past decade. Since the Qingdao government moved the City Hall from the western part of Shinan to the Hong Kong Middle Road in the early 1990s, the eastern part of Shinan (especially along the Hong Kong Middle Road) has undergone a period of very rapid urbanisation. As a result, this new CBD has established itself as a popular location for the financial, institutional, commercial and service sectors. Most Grade A office buildings and MNCs with bases in Qingdao are located here. In general, occupier demand for office space in Qingdao is relatively small compared to that in China Tier 1 cities. Most large domestic companies’ and MNCs’ offices in Qingdao only comprise representative office and back office operations, with occupiers being highly sensitive to price in the context of their overall occupational costs. Furthermore, the market practice of selling strata office units means that most domestic occupiers with larger space requirements usually choose to purchase their own space, rather than negotiating with multiple landlords. This has led to sale prices appreciating at a faster rate than rents in recent years, serving to compress investment yields from 10.6% in 2005 to 5.7% in 2011. Total Stock of Grade A Offices in Qingdao An occupier’s market The Qingdao government is simultaneously developing two new CBD areas in the Laoshan and Shibei districts. Although most of the new supply in these areas will not be prime Grade A quality, it will, however, have the potential to collectively add more than 700,000 sq m of gross floor area to the market over the next three years. This space will be in direct competition with buildings in the Shinan CBD. As of Q2 2012, the prime Grade A office vacancy rate stood at 48% and will take several years require a few years for the market to absorb the vacant stock. Occupiers are therefore expecting to see some downward pressure on rents in the coming months; and with more supply expected in the next couple of years, Qingdao is likely to remain an occupier’s market for the foreseeable future. Grade A Offices in North China Cities 2010 2012E 70% 7,000 60% 6,000 43.3% 5,000 40% 4,000 1,000 0 23.0% 18.7% 9.1% 200 400 '000s sq m (GFA) Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research 600 19.1% 14.3% 22.0% 20% 18.5% 4.6% Beijing - 30% 29.2% 3,000 2,000 2014E 50% 10% 0% Dalian Shenyang Tianjin 2011 Total Stock 2011 Vacancy Rate Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research Qingdao 2012-2014 New Supply 2012 Vacancy Rate Vacancy Rate '000s sq m (GFA) 2008 8,000 Qingdao City Profile 2012 19 Residential Olympics boost Since hosting the 2008 Summer Olympics sailing events, Qingdao has been able to capitalise on its new-found fame and attractive natural scenery to launch a number of prime residential developments. Although there are many cities in China that can boast either a sea view or a mountain view, Qingdao is endowed with both in the Laoshan area. Many Chinese believe that a house is endowed with good fengshui if it has its back to a mountain and a wide ocean view to its front. Most of Qingdao’s high-end residential developments are concentrated in the Shinan and Laoshan coastal areas with seaview developments being the most sought-after. In the past, villa developments constituted a significant proportion of the market, but as developable land becomes scarce, high-rise apartment blocks have replaced villa and low-rise apartment developments. Recent super high-end luxury developments include Inmost Palace, The Cullinan and China Bay, all located along Hong Kong Road. Qingdao attracts high-net-worth individuals Qingdao has attracted many high-net-worth individuals from other parts of Shandong Province; Laoshan District with its mountainous terrain and proximity to the sea is particularly popular, with many choosing this area for their retirement or vacation homes. The city’s milder winters and summers are also appealing, drawing residents from other northern Chinese cities, such as Beijing and Shenyang, to be prominent buyers in the high-end residential market. Koreans were significant buyers of high-end properties up until the 2008 Global Financial Crisis; although their numbers have reduced considerably, there are still many properties owned by Koreans. Since the introduction of the ‘Home Purchase Restrictions’ regulations in early 2011, the number of sales transactions in the high-end residential market has reduced markedly. However, these are temporary measures that the government has enacted to help curb housing price inflation over the short term and are not expected to be a permanent feature. Once the regulations are lifted, the quality of the city’s landscapes (and seascapes) and lifestyle will continue to attract many high-net-worth individuals. 20 China’s City Winners Retail While per capita income in Qingdao is lower than in Shandong’s provincial capital Jinan, a vibrant port economy and strong tourism have enabled Qingdao to register higher retail sales. The city’s relatively open economy has traditionally contributed to its ability to be the first ‘point of entry’ for luxury international brands looking to enter the Shandong Province market. Liaoning Province Shandong Province Population and Retail Sales of North China Cities Tourists are having a positive effect on retail performance Qingdao’s shopping centres are generally divided into two categories: • M alls catering to mid- to high-end consumers, such as Hisense Plaza, JUSCO, Sunshine Department Store, Mykal and Marina City; these are mainly concentrated on the Hong Kong Middle Road and in the Olympic Sailing Centre area. • C ommunity shopping centres in the city’s sub-markets, with a mass- or mid-market positioning for local residents; for example: numerous Liqun department stores, CBD Wanda Plaza in Shibei, Metro in Sifang and Powerlong Shopping Centre in Lichang. Qingdao Jinan* Shenyang* Dalian 0% 10% 20% 30% City's share of provincial population (2010) City's capture of total retail sales in its province (2010) *Provincial Capital Source: EIU; Municipal Statistics Bureaus, 2010 40% As Qingdao has a relatively well-developed tourism sector, spending by visitors has had a noticeable effect on retail performance. Many department stores have reported higher than average sale volumes during the peak tourism period in the summer months, with malls located near luxury hotels registering the strongest sales, and rental growth as a consequence. Malls in high-density residential enclaves, such as the Taidong Pedestrian Street, which are targeting value-conscious local consumers, have also performed well. Qingdao City Profile 2012 21 • M ykal, owned by Dashang Group, opened its 110,000 sq m shopping centre in Shinan in 2006. Mykal’s shopper membership volume is the largest in Qingdao. Supply competition increases Government efforts to increase domestic consumption will ensure healthy growth in the city’s retail sector, while continued efforts to develop tourism with help boost retail spending in the highend shopping centres. With more than 1.2 million sq m of retail space currently under construction, this will ensure that there is no excessive and unhealthy upward pressure on rents as a consequence of strong growth in retail consumption. New supply will, in turn, put pressure on older retail shops and malls to both renovate and reposition their tenant mix in order to remain competitive. • H isense, one of the biggest local developers, is also represented with the only high-end retail property in the city, Hisense Plaza. Retail Real Estate Markets in North China Cities • L iqun is the largest retailer in Qingdao with 11 department stores located throughout every district. Taidong Liqun enjoys the highest footfall among its stores. 6,000 19.9% 19.4% 5,000 4,000 '000s sq m Foreign retailers in Qingdao include Carrefour, Walmart, Metro, Lotte and JUSCO. ‘Big box’ warehouse-type retailing is currently limited, with only B&Q and Metro represented, but we expect more ‘big box’ centres to be developed in the near future. 25% 7,000 • W anda is also well represented with three shopping centres, in the Taidong area, the Shibei CBD and Licang District. 3,000 15% 13.5% 10% 10.0% 2,000 1,000 0 20% 4.9% 4.8% 5.7% 5.6% 4.3% 5.5% Beijing Dalian Shenyang Tianjin Qingdao 2011 Total Stock 2012-2014 New Supply 2011 Vacancy Rate 2012 Vacancy Rate Source: Jones Lang LaSalle Research 5% 0% Vacancy Rate Market dominated by domestic developers Qingdao’s retail market continues to be dominated by domestic retailers and developers: 22 China’s City Winners Definition of Terms Economic Dashboard Real Estate Dashboard Population: Population refers to the total population as at 31 December. Unless specified otherwise, population refers to permanent residence population, i.e. those who actually reside permanently in a location, usually longer than one-half year. Offices Grade A Stock: Refers to the total completed Grade A office space (occupied and vacant) as defined by Jones Lang LaSalle REIS China. GDP: Refers to the gross domestic (i.e. regional) product of a location. Employment: Refers to the number of persons engaged in labour and receiving remuneration payment or earning business income, including fullyemployed staff and workers in state-owned, collective-owned or other kinds of economic sectors and otherwise employed persons. Population Growth: Refers to the compound annual growth rate over the stated period. GDP Growth: Refers to the annual GDP growth rate over the stated period. Freight Traffic Refers to the volume of freight transported by various means, measured in millions of tons. FDI: Foreign direct investment refers to investments made inside China by foreign enterprises and economic organisations or individuals (including overseas Chinese, compatriots in Hong Kong and Macau, and Chinese enterprises registered abroad). GDP/Capita: Refers to total gross domestic product divided by the registered population. Disposable Income (China): Refers to income after tax and national insurance payments have been paid. Higher Education Institutions: Refers to the number of higher education institutions providing higher education courses and training for senior professionals. They include full-time universities, colleges, higher professional schools, higher professional vocational schools and others. Higher education institutions are set up according to the central government evaluation and approval procedures. Average Wage: Refers to salary that is pre-tax and comprises all kinds of income, including bonuses, allowances and payments-in-kind as reported by the local statistics bureau. Industrial Output (China): Refers to the total volume of final industrial product produced, and industrial services provided during a given period. Retail Stock: Represents prime retail stock, includes department stores and shopping malls. Number of Hotels: Refers to the number of five-star hotels. Office Construction Grade A: Refers to the total amount of Grade A office space in properties under construction as of date of publication. Office Vacancy Grade A: Refers to Grade A office floor space (as a % of total Grade A stock) in existing properties that are physically vacant and ready for occupation. Benchmark Rents: Refers to the typical open-market rents that would transact. Office rents are quoted on a GFA basis, while retail rents are quoted on the NLA basis. Grade A Office Rents: Includes management fees. Residential Prices: Refers to typical prices (within a range) for high-end residential projects in US dollar per square metre. Grade A Offices – Indicative Yields: Refers to the best (i.e. lowest) gross (pre-tax) yield estimated to be achievable for a notional en-bloc stabilized Grade A property. Indicative yields represent Jones Lang LaSalle’s ‘market view’, based on a combination of market evidence where available and a survey of expert opinion. Qingdao City Profile 2012 23 Jones Lang LaSalle Research – Asia Pacific Contacts: Dr Jane Murray Head of Research Jones Lang LaSalle, Asia Pacific +852 2846 5274 [email protected] Michael Klibaner Head of Research Jones Lang LaSalle, Greater China +86 21 6133 5707 [email protected] Jones Lang LaSalle is the number one real estate research provider in Asia Pacific. A team of 100+ researchers are committed to providing best-in-class market knowledge that enables clients to optimise real estate strategies and mitigate risks. 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