BIO-MICROTECH BULLETIN Vol-5,Issue-1

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GNIPST
Bio-Microtech… Exploring new horizon of life…
Volume: 5; Issue: 1
CONTENTS
o MISSION
o UPCOMING EVENTS
o CAMPUS HEARSAYS
o ACHIEVEMENTS
o OPPORTUNITIES
o RESEARCH
UPDATES
o NEWS UPDTES
o DISEASE
OUTBREAK NEWS
o
STUDENTS SECTION
o ITS QUIZ TIME
o PHOTO GALLERY
For your
comments/contribution OR
For back Issues,
mail to:
biomicrotech. gnipst@gmail. com
EDITOR: Ms SAINI SETUA
GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
9/03/2012
Mission
The mission of this bulletin is to provide high-quality, relevant, and
varied educational programs and opportunities for the intellectual,
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cultural and personal growth of all students of Guru Nanak Institute of
Pharmaceutical Science & Technology. The students & staff of the
Institute are proud to publish the 1st Volume of bulletin GNIPST BIOMICROTECH. We hope that this bulletin will enrich the knowledge of
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the students and the practitioners of pharmaceutical and biological
science and the society equally. We aspire to give the latest information
regarding the recent advancements and its applicability in day to day
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life.
We look forward to your valued suggestions, feedback, cooperation and
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support to spread the message to all…
Click here to go at the top
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Upcoming Events
 The
Sports
Board
will
be
ATHLETIC
MEET
West
organize
Bengal
the
University
INTER
of
COLLEGE
2012, Cricket (T-20) zonal level
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Technology
of
competition, Volleyball and Badminton Tournament for the
students of affiliated colleges. For further details please
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contact Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar, Faculty, GNIPST.
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Campus Hearsays
 Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science &
Technology had organized a Symposium on “Cancer
Awareness” collaborating with Biocon Ltd. The guest
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speaker Dr.Tanveer Sahid, Radiation Oncologist, Apollo
Glenegals Hospital, Kolkata, gave a nice and informative
presentation on cancer awareness.
All the students
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and the faculty members were overwhelmed by the
informative interaction with Dr. Tanveer Sahid. We
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are really thankful to him.
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Achievements
 Achievements of Odd Semester Examination- 201 1 .
Department
SGPA
Suki Roy
5thsem, Microbiology
9. 8
Surjit Singh
5thsem, Microbiology
9. 6
Sourav Madhur Paul
5thsem, Biotechnology
9. 4
3rdsem, Biotechnology
9. 25
1 stsem, Biotechnology
9. 62
 Miss
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Nabodita Sinha
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Chandrani
Bandhopadhyay
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NAME
Monalisha
Karmakar,
department
of
BIOTECHNOLOGY, B. Sc (H) has enhanced the pride of
GNIPST by achieving GOLD MEDAL from WBUT in the
year of 201 1 .
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 The
student
of
GNIPST
Miss
Jayeeta
Mukherjee,
Department of Microbiology, B. Sc(H) has achieved SILVER
MEDAL in year 201 1 from WBUT making the Institution
proud once again.
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 B. Sc 3rd year students of GNIPST, Surjit Singh , Arghya
Chakraborty, Aditi agarwal and Ankita Dutta has achieved
1 st position in seminar to promote cancer awareness on 3rd
February 201 2 to observe the World Cancer Day.
Chakraborty,
year
students
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2nd
 B. Sc
Satyapriya
Rao
of
and
GNIPST,
Saronik
Sarbarish
Bose
has
acquired 3rd position in poster competition on cancer
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awareness to observe the World Cancer Day.
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Opportunities
 Biodiversity tour was conducted for final year B.Sc (H)
Biotechnology & Microbiology students in Dooars (January, 2012)
under
the
guidance
of
Mr.Anshuman
Bhattacharyya
and
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Mr. Soumya Bhattacharya, Faculty, GNIPST.
 JNU CBEE (Combined Biotech Entrance Exam) will be conducted
on 3rd week of May, 2012.
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 Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI)
Government of India Department of Biotechnology Ministry of
Science & Technology
http://www.sbiri.nic.in. or http://www.dbtindia.nic.in
 Industrial tour has been conducted to APT software Avenues
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Pvt. Ltd. for final year B.Sc (H) Biotechnology & Microbiology
student.
Month : october’2011
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Research Updates
• New guidelines on chikungunya virus
The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus has, in the past, caused
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massive and sustained outbreaks in Asia and Africa, infecting
more than two million people, with attack rates as high as 68% in
some areas. With the movement of travelers, new Guidelines for
preparedness and response for chikungunya virus introduction in
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the Americas have been launched. They aim to help countries
throughout the region to detect the virus and prevent and control
the
disease,
should
it
appear.(27
February
2012 )
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for further information follow http://www.who.int/en/
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• Some Bacteria Attack Using Spring-Loaded Poison Daggers
Bacteria have evolved different systems for secreting proteins into
the fluid around them or into other cells. Some, for example, have
syringe-like exterior structures that can pierce other cells and
inject proteins. Another system, called a type VI secretion system,
is found in about a quarter of all bacteria with two membranes.
Despite being common, researchers have not understood how it
works. Now a team, co-led by researchers at the California
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Institute of Technology (Caltech), has figured out the structure of
the type VI secretion system apparatus and proposed how it might
work -- by shooting spring-loaded poison molecular daggers.
-ScienceDaily (Feb. 27, 2012)
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• RNA Interference Cancer Treatment? Delivering RNA With Tiny
Sponge-Like Spheres
For the past decade, scientists have been pursuing cancer
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treatments based on RNA interference -- a phenomenon that
offers a way to shut off malfunctioning genes with short snippets
of RNA. However, one huge challenge remains: finding a way to
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efficiently deliver the RNA.- ScienceDaily (Feb. 27, 2012)
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• WHO upholds guidance on hormonal contraceptive use and HIV
WHO has concluded that women living with HIV or at high risk of
HIV can safely continue to use hormonal contraceptives to
prevent pregnancy. The recommendation follows a thorough review
of evidence about links between hormonal contraceptive use and
HIV acquisition. Couples seeking to prevent both unintended
pregnancy and HIV should be strongly advised to use dual
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protection – condoms and another effective contraceptive
method, such as hormonal contraceptives. (16 February 2012)
• Heart Attacks: Naked Mole-Rats Bear Lifesaving Clues
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A biologist thinks the subterranean lifestyle of the naked mole-rat
may hold clues to keeping brain cells alive and functioning when
oxygen
is
scarce,
as
during
a
heart
attack.
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( ScienceDaily,February 23, 2012)
• New melanoma drug doubles survival time, study shows
Advanced melanoma is often considered a death sentence, since
patients will live only six to ten months by the time it's
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diagnosed. A new study of a recently-approved drug called
vemurafenib offers
hope, because
it
nearly doubled life
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expectancy of patients with metastatic melanoma to 16 months.
( February 22, 2012) For details visit - www.cbsnews.com
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News Updates
• World Congress On Biotechnology- 201 2
Bright International Conferences & Events Organization gather
up all
the
participants
to
attend
the World
Congress
on
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Biotechnology which will be held during 4-6 May 2012 at Leonia
International Centre for Exhibitions & Conventions, Hyderabad,
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India.
11 Mar 2012 → 14 Mar 2012
Dates
Contact
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Location
Weblink
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• In-Vitro Molecular Diagnostics — International Conference on
Technological Challenges in Developing Affordable In-Vitro
Molecular Diagnostics
Navi Mumbai, India
http://www.ivdconference.com
Ms. Priya Pingale; Phone: (91-2227686226);
Email: [email protected]
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Disease outbreak News
•
Malaria death toll possibly twice as high
Malaria may be killing around twice as many people as experts
previously thought, and it could also be hitting older children and
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adults — long considered the least susceptible — a new study
suggests.
•
Panel: Grave threat from mutant bird flu studies
A potentially deadlier form of the bird flu virus poses one of the
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gravest known threats to humans and justifies an unprecedented
call to censor the research that produced it.
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• Amateur tattoos carry hepatitis C risk
In an analysis of several dozen past studies, CDC researchers
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found that tattoos from non-professionals appear to carry a risk of
the blood-borne liver infection hepatitis C. That included tattoos
done by friends or family, or ones done in prison.On the other hand,
there was no evidence that tattoos done by professionals carried a
hepatitis C risk. (Report from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention).
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• Multiple Myeloma Treatment: Experimental drug combination
‘encouraging’ in relapsed multiple myeloma
SAN DIEGO–When the targeted drug bortezomib stops working in
patients with advanced multiple myeloma, the patients survive only
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an average of five months longer.
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Students Section
SURJIT SINGH
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APPLICATION OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN
DRUG DEVELOPMENT
B.Sc(H) MICROBIOLOGY
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6TH SEMESTER,3RD YEAR
Genetic engineering is a nearly born discipline of science which is used
under highly controllable laboratory conditions to alter the heredity
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apparatus of a living cell (i.e, the manipulation of genes under highly
controllable laboratory conditions) so that the cell can produce
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different chemicals or perform completely new functions. It is
perhaps the finest output from the brains of biologist who have been
interested in tailoring & manipulating heredity to the best of man’s
advantage.
The summation of the messages highlighted by the hundreds of
“genes” ,”genetics” ,”genetic engineering”& similar headlines of the last
several years is that genes play an important roles in essentially all
aspects of our lives. The rapidly expanding understanding of the
importance of genetics & the explosive development of new tools &
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methodologies for genetic engineering applications in agriculture,
medicine, microbial fermentations& other areas now dictate areas of
our lives from family planning to food production to medicinal
development.
The abnormalities that occur in individuals with other inherited
diseases also frequently result from specific enzyme deficiencies. In
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principle one might expect to be able to treat these diseases by
supplying the missing enzymes if adequate quantities of pure enzymes
were available. In fact, given the tools of genetic engineering, there
can be little question about our ability to produce large amounts of any
enzyme or other protein of interest. The problem is in delivering these
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enzymes to the intracellular sites in those tissues where their
function is required. One would need a delivery system such that the
enzymes retained activity during storage & were gradually &
continuously released over an extended period of time. A major
advantage of “gene therapy “is that once the normal gene has been
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introduced into a cell, that gene should be completely stable & should
the cell.
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continuously produce the needed gene product for the entire life of
Nevertheless, “enzyme therapy” has proven effective in some cases, &
should be included as one approach to the treatment of human
diseases. Insulin has been used to treat diabetes for several decades.
Human insulin was the first commercial success of the new
recombinant DNA technologies in the field of pharmaceuticals. Other
human proteins that have been synthesized in bacteria & have medical
roles are blood-clotting factor viii, plasminogen activator & human
growth hormone.
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To obtain expression of human growth hormone in E.coli it was
necessary to place the human growth hormone, coding sequence under
the control of E.coli regulatory elements.
Genetic engineering also provides an alternate strategy to the
production of vaccines for immunization against viral diseases. Since
the coat proteins of viruses are the major antigens that induce
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immunity, another approach is to clone the gene(s) that encodes the
viral coat proteins & to use just the coat proteins in vaccines to induce
immunity. New generation antibiotics are also produced using the
cloning technique.
Diagnosis of infection with HIV. Each of the three widely-used
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methods for diagnosing HIV infection has been developed using
recombinant DNA. The antibody test (ELISA or western blot) uses a
recombinant HIV protein to test for the presence of antibodies that
the body has produced in response to an HIV infection. The DNA test
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looks for the presence of HIV genetic material using reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Development of the
RT-PCR test was made possible by the molecular cloning and sequence
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analysis of HIV genomes. HIV testing page from US Centers for
Disease Control (CDC)
At last all I can say is that Funding from government laboratories and
agencies, small biotechnology companies and the pharmaceutical
industry has been and will continue to be instrumental in developing
biotechnology for pharmaceutical use. The new biological techniques
have dramatically increased our understanding of many disease
mechanisms.
Areas
of
research
that
pharmaceutical innovations in biotechnology.
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would
benefit
from
ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
In recent years there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology in
the fields of medicine and more specifically in targeted drug delivery.
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At present many substances are under investigation for drug delivery
and more specifically for cancer therapy. Interestingly pharmaceutical
sciences are also using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side
effects of drugs. The potential to cross the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
has open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. In addition, the
nanosize also allows for access into the cell and various cellular
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compartments including the nucleus. Nanoparticles are also considered
to have the potential as novel intravascular or cellular probes for both
diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (drug/gene delivery), which is
expected to generate innovations and play a critical role in medicine.
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Target-specific drug/gene delivery and early diagnosis in cancer
treatment is one of the priority research areas in which nanomedicine
will play a vital role. In conclusion nanoparticles for drug delivery and
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imaging have gradually been developed as new modalities for cancer
therapy and diagnosis. This review illustrates the emerging role of
nanotechnology in drug delivery.
Nanotechnology is the disciple of science that deals with molecules of
nanometeric size i.e. 10 power -9 of a meter. In the last few decades
its benefits are being utilized for the betterment of human
civilization. Discovery of nanomedicine has given rise to nanoparticles
through which better target specific drug and gene delivery is
possible. Nanotechnology enables us to deliver drug in the form of
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dendrimers, liposomes, nanoshells, emulsions, nanotubes, quantum dots
etc. for the manipulation of various diseases and their metabolic
pathway. It is of great importance in treatment and diagnosis of
cancer. Some recent breakthrough in the form of drug delivery are
effective target therapy used in pre-sympathomimetic & diagnosis
technique.
drug delivery :
Name of
Features
nanotechnologies
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Examples of some nanotechnologies which are generally used for
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Developed for drug delivery applications
since the early 1970s. Vesicles composed of
Liposomes
one
or
more
membranes;
phospholipid
smallest
liposomes
bilayer
are
in
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nanometre size range.
Highly branched, monodispersed structures
of 2–20 nm formed by the addition of shells
Dendrimers
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of branched molecules to a central core; can
be taken up by cells and, therefore, used to
deliver into cells therapeutic compounds,
e.g. small molecules, proteins and DNA. Can
cross biological membranes, e.g. blood-brain
barrier.
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Various polymers, e.g.
Polymer nanoparticles
poly (lactide-co-
glycolide), used to produce biocompatible,
biodegradable nanoparticles of 80–150 nm;
being developed for various drug delivery
applications; possible to attach ligands to
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target specific cell types.
Polymer nanoparticles coated, for example,
Coated polymer-
with
polyethylene
based nanoparticles
recognition
by
the
glycol
to
reduce
immunesystem
and
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enhance circulatory persistence
Self-assembling nanoparticulate structures
in 20–100 nm range formed in aqueous media
Micelles
from block copolymers. Can be used to carry
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range of drug entities.
Carbon isoforms arranged in a spherical
cage-like structure of 0.7–1.5 nm that can
Fullerenes
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be developed to carry therapeutic agents,
e.g. C60 buckminsterfullerene or buckyballs.
Carbon self-assembles in the presence of
Nanotubes
transition metal catalysts into single walled
cylinders of 0.3–8 nm diameter. Potential
for delivery of therapeutic agents.
Technologies that reduce drug crystals in
Drug nanoparticles
size to ≤100 nm. Main application is to
improve the solubility of poorly water
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soluble drugs.
Biocompatible
matrices with
nanoporous
structures within which drug is contained.
Nanostructured
Materials can be produced in many forms
biomaterials
including microparticles, fibres, fabrics,
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micromachined implants and devices.
Being developed for the delivery of a wide
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range of therapeutic agents.
Drug delivery system and nanotechnology:
At
present,
95%
of
all
new
therapeutic
system
have
poor
pharmokinetics and less developed biopharmaceutical properties.
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There is no such medicinal system that delivers drug and distribute
therapeutically active drug molecules to the site of action or
inflammation without any side effects. This problems are overcome by
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nanotechnology drug delivery system which possess multiple desirable
attributes. Nanomedicine has a size such that it can be injected
without occluding needles and capillaries which enables targeted drug
delivery and medical imaging. Thus nanosized liposomes, micelles,
nanoemulsions, nanogels are used for this purpose.
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Structure of liposome
Micelle containing
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active
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substance
Nanoemulsions for drug delivery
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Nanoemulsions are dispersion of two immiscible liquids i.e. oil and
water, where dispersed phase droplets are of the order of
nanometeric size and is stabilized by surface -active films
composed of surfactant and co-surfactant. They tremendously
gain importance because of their optical transparency
thermodynamic stability and ease of preparation. Structure of
nanoemulsion can effect the rate of drug release at the site of
action. Due to their nanosize they provide much longer oil water
contact area which facilitates drug release from the dispersed
phase droplets. Sonication, high and low energy emulsification
using homogenizers are required for its preparation. It has
already been used in the i.v. injection of low dose amphotericin
administered to mice, rats, dogs and monkeys and dose
of1.0mg/kg.
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Soumyajit Kar
B.Sc. (H) Biotechnology
3rd year, 6th semester
It’s Quiz Time……
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1. What part of this human body is this?
2. A famous scientist was colour blind and was the first
describe colour-blindness. Colour-blindness is often name
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after him. Who is he?
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ANSWER OF PREVIOUS ISSUE QUIZ
1. Shilpa Shetty
2. Bomb Calorimetre is used for estimating the energy of
foodstuffs per unit weight.
Congratulation Surjit Singh, Soumyajit Kar, B.Sc (H) 3rd Year,
Sayan Kumar, B.Sc (H) 1st Year, for the right answers.
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Acknowledgement
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We feel happy in publishing the 5th Volume of the online
issue ‘BIO-MICROTECH’. We would like to convey our
thanks to Dr. Abhijit Sengupta, Director of GNIPST and
Prof. Dipankar Chakraborty, Registrar, all teachers &
students for their encouragement & support. We are thankful
to Mr. Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar and Prerona Saha for
their technical help.
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We would like to express our gratitude to Miss. Tamalika
Chakraborty and Miss. Swati Nandi for their kind cooperation in developing the magazine.
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It would be our great pleasure to receive the contributions,
suggestions & feedback from your desk for further upliftment
of our bulletin and make it more interesting.
Photo Gallery
Link 1
Link 2
Link 3
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BIO-MICROTECH BULLETIN Vol-5,Issue-1

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