English - Galactic

Transcription

English - Galactic

Galaster™ and Galasolv™
Our solutions for biosolvents
NATURAL SOLVENTS
Galactic has developed a wide range of biosolvents with different solvent powers, high
flash points and slow evaporation rates. All of our products are produced from natural
ingredients and are intended to replace part of traditional petroleum-based solvents.
This is very beneficial to your formulations as well as the labelling of your products.
ENHANCING THE GENIUS OF NATURE
www.lactic.com
Galactic has acquired an extensive
expertise in biotechnology since its
creation 20 years ago. Galactic develops
natural solutions for applications in food,
feed, body care, health and industry
sectors. Specialised in food security,
nutrition and green chemistry, Galactic
offers
environmentally
and
health
friendly substitutes such as lactic acid,
lactates and many other innovative
products. In collaboration with its
customers
and
scientific
partners,
Galactic meets the challenge of sharing
the unlimited potential of nature for a
sustainable future.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
p. 05
Market drivers
p. 05
II. GALACTIC’S SOLUTIONS
p. 06
1. 2. Product ranges: Galaster™ and Galasolv™
Basic chemistry
p. 06
p. 07
A. B. p. 07
p. 07
Reactions
Classification
3. Chemical properties
4. Physical properties
A.
Solubility and solvent power
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Miscibility of Galaster solutions in various solvents
Solubility of resins with our biosolvents
Kauri-butanol index
Evaporation rate
Wettability – surface tension
VOC or non-VOC: directives 1999/13/EC and 2004/42/EC
Water solubility (log P)
Leading-edge developments and tailor-made solvents
TM
p. 08
p. 09
p. 09
p. 10
p. 11
p. 12
p. 12
p. 13
p. 14
p. 14
p. 15
III. MAIN APPLICATIONS OF GALACTIC’S BIOSOLVENTS
p. 15
1.
2.
3.
4.
Agrochemistry
Surface treatment
Electronics
Solvents
p. 15
p. 16
p. 17
p. 17
A.
B.
p. 17
p. 19
Resins in coatings, inks, varnishes and wire coatings
Additives in coatings
IV. OTHER BENEFITS
p. 21
1. 2.
3.
p. 21
p. 21
p. 21
Health and safety
Environment
Cost-effectiveness
APPENDIX I: resin dissolution with Galactic’s biosolvents
BIOSOLVENTS
p. 22
3
TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Figure 9:
Figure 10:
Figure 11:
Figure 12:
APPENDIX I:
4
summary of Galactic’s biosolvents
physical properties of Galactic’s biosolvents
solubility of the GalasterTM solutions in various solvents
Kauri-butanol index
evaporation rate
ethyl lactate versus ethylene glycol acetate
properties of the GalasterTM products in electronic
applications summary of the main applications of the GalasterTM and
GalasolvTM solutions
p. 06
p. 09
p. 11
p. 12
p. 12
p. 16
p. 17
hydrolysis of ethyl lactate at 25°C according to the time and
concentration
hydrolysis of ethyl lactate at 25°C according to the time
hydrolysis of ethyl lactate at 40°C according to the time
Hansen solubility parameters of the GalasterTM products
compared to traditional solvents
contact angle formed by a solvent drop and illustration of
wettability
surface tension or wettability of the GalasterTM biosolvents on a
PVC support
lactic acid molecule
dissolution of a phenoxy resin by GalasolvTM NF and cresol
(application: electric wire coating)
dissolution of a polyvinyl butyral resin by GalasterTM EL 98
(application: coatings of wood and metals)
dissolution of a polyvinyl chloride copolymer
(application: varnishes and inks)
dissolution of a methyl methacrylate resin by GalasterTM EL 98
tests performed by CoRI with GalasterTM BL, GalasterTM EHL and
GalasolvTM NV 300
p. 08
resin dissolution with Galactic’s biosolvents
p. 20
p. 08
p. 08
p. 10
p. 13
p. 13
p. 15
p. 18
p. 18
p. 18
p. 19
p. 20
p. 22
I.
INTRODUCTION
Since 1994 Galactic has become one of the world leaders in biotechnology serving the food, feed,
personal & health care, and industrial markets. Based on its valuable experience in the fermentation
of lactic acid and in the production of its derivatives, Galactic continuously develops sustainable,
innovative and health friendly solutions in the field of food safety, nutrition and green chemistry.
MARKET DRIVERS
As the global market for solvents is booming, the quantity of toxic emissions dangerous to the
environment is rising. In view of the increasing number of regulatory restrictions and environmental
concerns about the use of polluting petroleum-based solvents, the demand for “green” solvents is
set to grow. Manufacturers research and develop biological sources which are much less volatile
and can reduce air pollution in order to comply with the environmental legislation and satisfy the
rising demand for ecological solvents.
Galactic offers a wide range of solutions to the biosolvents industry and focuses on four major
trends to develop a very effective range of biosolvents:
Ecology
Clean label
Security
Effectiveness
Our lactic esters are produced through the natural fermentation of sugar or maize glucose,
which means that our solvent range is bio-sourced and therefore sustainable compared to the
traditional petroleum-based solvents. We have committed to selecting environmentally friendly
raw materials. That is why most of the alcohols used in the production of our esters are also
bio-sourced. Consequently, these solvents have the advantage of being biodegradable. These two
aspects enable the solvents to have a lower carbon footprint than the traditional petroleum-based
solvents.
Our products are attractive substitutes for a large number of polluting solvents, which are
increasingly regulated in order to limit the environmental and health impact. Substances such as
cyclohexanone, cresols and glycol ethers (and their acetates) can be replaced.
Our products are safe to handle, store and use. They do not present a risk when stored under
normal conditions and must not be handled in a particular way. They are environmentally sound as
they are biodegradable and non-polluting.
Our biosolvents are very effective. They compete with the traditional solvents technically as well
as economically. They are attractive to those who are interested in green chemistry.
BIOSOLVENTS
5
II. GALACTIC’S SOLUTIONS
1.
PRODUCT RANGES: GALASTERTM AND GALASOLVTM
Galactic has developed a range of biosolvents to offer substitutes for the traditional solvents. The
products of the GalasterTM and GalasolvTM ranges have a high flash point and evaporate slowly.
Some of them are completely soluble in water and are for the most part fully sustainable.
GalasterTM is mainly composed of the following products.
•GalasterTM ML: methyl lactate
•
GalasterTM EL: ethyl lactate
•
GalasterTM IPL: i-propyl lactate
•
GalasterTM NPL: n-propyl lactate
•GalasterTM IBL: i-butyl lactate
•GalasterTM BL: butyl lactate
•GalasterTM IAL: i-amyl lactate
•GalasterTM EHL: 2-ethylhexyl lactate
GalasolvTM is our range of special solvents (based on lactic esters), which includes blends.
•GalasolvTM NF 62: non-flammable because the product has a high flash point
•GalasolvTM NV 300: non-VOC coalescing agent
We are continuously developing new blends for our customers and for many applications. Some
of our products have a less strong smell compared to the traditional solvents used in the industry.
The table below presents our main products and some information contained in the specifications.
Other product descriptions are available on request.
Table 1: summary of Galactic’s biosolvents
Acid content
(%w/w)
Water content
(%w/w)
Colour
(hazen)
Galaster™ ML 97
0.20
0.30
Max. 50
Galaster™ EL 98*
0.10
0.20
Max. 30
Galasolv™ NF 62
0.10
0.20
Max. 30
Galaster™ IPL 98
0.25
0.50
Max. 50
Galaster™ NPL 98.5
0.10
0.10
Max. 20
Galaster™ BL 97
0.10
0.30
Max. 50
Galaster™ IAL 98
0.10
0.30
Max. 25
Galaster™ EHL 95
0.10
0.30
Max. 50
Galasolv™ NV 300
0.10
0.20
Max. 30
*GalasterTM (ethyl lactate): different quality grades are available for applications in the food, industry and
electronics sectors.
6
2.
BASIC CHEMISTRY
A.
REACTIONS
Galactic produces its biosolvents by reacting alcohol with lactic acid during the esterification
reaction (condensation).
HO
HO
OH
R1
+ H2O
R1
+ HO
H3C
O
H3C
O
O
Where R1 is an alkyl, an i-alkyl or a sec-alkyl.
R1
HO
O
H33C
O + HO
HO
R1 2
O
HO
O processes
R
AHO
meticulous control OH
during the esterification reaction
and separation
enables us to
produce solvents with a low+ content
of
water,
alcohol
and
acid.
Galactic
also
makes
other
syntheses
++HHO
1
2O
HO
R1 R2
R1
+ HO
HO
OH
HO
O
TM
TMR
such as transesterification for some solutions of Galaster and Galasolv by using:
a.
H3C
O
H3C
CH3
O
R1
+ HO
+ 2 HO
+ HO
OO
R2
R2
HO
HO
O
R2
O
2
R
H3C
O
A lactide
O (cyclic dimer of lactic acid)
H 3C
H3C
R2
O
R
R1
+ HO
O
R1
+ HO
O
O
O
O
CH3
HO
CH3
O
O
HO
+ 2 HO
O
+ 2 HO
O
H3C
H3C
+ H2O
OO
HO
R1
O
H3C
H3C
b.
HH3C
3C
O lactic
Another
O ester (usually methyl lactate
H3C or ethyl lactate)
O
HO
HO
R1
R
R
O
O
R
R
2
2
H 3C
H 3C
O
O
O
O
B.
CLASSIFICATION
All of the solvents of GalasterTM are:
1.
2.
Organic
Protic
-
The products of GalasterTM can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds thanks to the
free hydroxyl group.
3. Polar
-
The longer the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohol used, the more the polarity of the
solvent decreases. This explains why GalasterTM EHL is not miscible with water
(unlike GalasterTM EL).
4. Oxygenated
-
Lactic esters have a hydroxyl group in addition to their ester bond.
BIOSOLVENTS
7
3.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Like the majority of esters, the biosolvents of the GalasterTM range are subject to hydrolysis.
Figure 1: hydrolysis of ethyl lactate at 25°C according to the time and concentration
9
Ethyl lactate 60%
Hydrolyzed ethyl lactate (%)
8
7
Ethyl lactate 70%
6
Ethyl lactate 80%
5
4
Ethyl lactate 90%
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
Time (weeks)
Figure 2 : hydrolysis of ethyl lactate at 25°C according to the time
3.0
Ethyl lactate 70%
Stabilised ethyl lactate 70%
2.3
1.5
0.7
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
Time (weeks)
Figure 3 : hydrolysis of ethyl lactate at 40°C according to the time
60
Ethyl lactate 70%
50
Stabilised ethyl lactate 70%
40
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
Time (weeks)
Galactic has developed different solutions intended to slow down the rate of hydrolysis by adding
a stabiliser.
8
4.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
δd
δp
δh
Viscosity
Flash point
Boiling point
Vapour
pressure
Partition
coefficient
log P
Miscibility
with water
Percentage
of renewable
materials
MPa1/2
Density
g/mol
Hildebrand
solubility
parameters
Solvent
Molecular
weight
Hansen
solubility
parameters
Table 2: physical properties of Galactic’s biosolvents
g/cm3
(25°C)
mPa.s
(25°C)
°C
°C
kPa
(20°C)
[octanol]
Log (
)
[water]
g/100 ml
%
δ
Galaster™
ML 97
104.1
17.6
8.59 12.95
23.48
1.090
22
57
144
0.34
-0.53
Miscible
80 or
100*
Galaster™
EL 98
118.1
16.7
6.45
11.6
21.33
1.030
22
60.5
154
0.22
0.06
Miscible
100
Galasolv™
NF 62
118.7
16.7
6.41 11.58
21.31
1.030
22
61.5
154
0.18
0.18
Miscible
100
Galaster™
NPL 98.5
132.2
16.3
6.80 10.77
20.68
1.005
23
69
170
0.11
0.39
Miscible
55 or
100*
Galaster™
IPL 98
132.2
15.8
6.81 10.77
20.30
0.991
22
60
157
0.17
0.39
Miscible
55 or
100*
Galaster™
BL 97
146.2
15.9
4.60 10.49
19.60
0.980
23
79
187
0.03
1.10
4.5
49 or
100*
Galaster™
IBL 98
146.2
15.64 4.40 10.55
19.37
0.979
23
76
182
0.05
1.10
5.1
49 or
100*
Galaster™
IAL 98
160
15.8
3.70
9.9
19.01
0.961
26
85
202
0.02
1.62
0.3
100
Galaster™
EHL 95
202.3
16.0
2.15
8.27
18.14
0.94
32
113
246
0.002
3.17
0.03
36
GalasolvTM
NV 300
258.4
0.915
47
133.1
304
0.00008
4.73
0.001
100
*Depending upon customer needs, Galactic may offer these esters made with bio-sourced or petroleum-based organic alcohols.
A.
SOLUBILITY AND SOLVENT POWER
Our products are attractive substitutes for many polluting solvents, which are increasingly
regulated in order to limit the impact on the environment and health.
Hansen solubility parameters determine if a solvent will be able to solubilise a substance, a polymer
or a resin to form a homogenised solution. They give essential information on the solvent power.
Figure 4 shows the position of the products of GalasterTM compared to traditional petroleum-based
solvents. These products advantageously replace halogenated hydrocarbons (such as chlorinated
solvents), glycol ethers (and their acetates), but perform the same functions as alcohols and
traditional esters, or even ketones.
BIOSOLVENTS
9
B.
MISCIBILITY OF GALASTERTM SOLUTIONS IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS
Figure 4: Hansen solubility parameters of the GalasterTM products compared to traditional solvents
Hydrogen bond (MPa1/2)
25
• Methanol
20
15
• Ethanol
•Isopropanol •
EGPE
•
• EGME
n-butanol
• EGEE
Isoamyl
alcohol
Cyclohexanol
•
•
DEGME • Galaster™ ML 97
• 62
NF
•EGBE Galasolv™
Octanol
• Galaster™
EL 98
•
IPL 98 - NPL 98.5
• DPGME • Galaster™Diacetone
EGEEA
alcohol
DEGBE •
•
•
•
• DMAC
Galaster™ BL 97 - IBL 98
•
Galaster™ IAL 98
10
5
• Galaster™ EHL 95
Galasolv™ NV 300
•
n-butyl
acetate
•
•
•
Chloroform
Trichloroethylene
• Xylene
•Toluene
•
• Aromatic 200
Turpentine
•• • D-limonene
•
THF
Methyl
acetate
•
Ethyl
acetate
•
••
Methyl
chloride
• Cyclohexanone •MEK
•
• MIBK
MIAK
PGMEA
• Acetone
• DMF
• DMSO
• NMP
Benzene
Hexane
0
Cyclohexan
5
10
15
20
25
Polarity (MPa1/2)
The GalasterTM products are miscible with a great number of traditional solvents such as alcohols,
ketones, acetates, ethers and most hydrocarbons.
10
Alcohols
Glycol ethers and acetates
Ketones
Acetates
Amides
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Chlorinated solvents
D-limonene
Cyclic ethers and esters
Organosulfur compounds
GalasterTM and GalasolvTM
Table 3: solubility of the GalasterTM solutions in various solvents
Solvent
Miscibility
Solvent
Miscibility
Alcohols
Ketones
Methanol
Acetone
Ethanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
n-propanol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Isopropanol
Methyl isoamyl ketone
n-butanol
Cyclohexanone
n-pentanol
Isophorone
Isoamyl alcohol
Chlorinated solvents
2-ethylhexanol
Ethylene dichloride
Octan-1-ol
Methyl chloride
Octan-2-ol
Chloroform
Cyclohexanol
Trichloroethylene
Esters
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Methyl acetate
Xylene
Ethyl acetate
Toluene
n-butyl acetate
m-cresol
Dimethyl succinate
Tetrahydrofuran
Propylene carbonate
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Glycol ethers and acetates
Cyclohexane
2-ethoxyethanol
(EGEE, CellosolveTM, ethylene glycol)
n-heptane
2-n-butoxyethanol
(EGBE, Butyl CellosolveTM, butylene glycol)
n-hexane
1-methoxy-2-propanol (PGME, DowanolTM PM,
propylene glycol methyl ether)
n-octane
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
(DEGEE, ethylene diglycol)
Amides
1,2-dimethoxyethane
(EG2ME, dimethylene glycol)
N,N-dimethylacetamide
2-ethoxyethyl acetate (EGEEA, Ethyl CellosolveTM
Acetate, ethylene glycol acetate)
Dimethylformamide
2-n-butoxyethyl acetate (EGBEA, Butyl
CellosolveTM Acetate, butylene glycol acetate)
n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
1,2-propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate
(PGMEA, DowanolTM PMA)
Dimethylsulfoxide
S = Soluble, I = Insoluble
Testing made on Galaster EL98™ and Galaster
EHL95™. For water solubility: see physical properties table.
2-(2-n-butoxyethoxy) ethanol acetate
(DEGBEA, Butyl CarbitolTM Acetate)
All the tests were executed with GalasterTM EL 98 and GalasterTM EHL 95 (high and low polarity).
See table 2 for the solubility in water.
C.
SOLUBILITY OF RESINS WITH OUR BIOSOLVENTS
The GalasterTM products are very effective, be it used alone or in combination with other solvents.
Studies were conducted in collaboration with world leaders in the sector. Appendix I presents a
summary of our analyses. Our technical team remains at your disposal for further information.
BIOSOLVENTS
11
D.
KAURI-BUTANOL INDEX
The Kauri-butanol index (ASTM D 1133) measures the ability of a solvent to eliminate rubber
residues, resin residues and other fatty substances. The higher the index, the more powerful the
solvent: a value of approximately 20 means that the solvent is ineffective and a value greater than
100 means that it is powerful.
Table 4: Kauri-butanol index
Solvent
Value
Evaluation
GalasolvTM NF 62
> 164
Excellent
Methyl chloride
136
Excellent
Trichloroethylene
130
Excellent
Perchloroethylene
93
Good
1,1,1-trichloroethane
107
Excellent
n-hexane
27
Mediocre
White spirit
31-33
Mediocre
Trichlorotrifluoroethane
31
Mediocre
Toluene
84
Good
> 300
Excellent
E.
GalasolvTM NF 62 is more effective than
chlorinated and hydrocarbon solvents. Because
of its high polarity, this product is very effective
to eliminate contaminants from surfaces.
EVAPORATION RATE
Galactic uses the standard NF T 30-301 to determine the evaporation rate of a solvent. It takes
butyl acetate as a reference (evaporation index Ibuac).
Solvents are ranked in three categories according to their evaporation rate:
-
-
-
Slow drying, more than 30 minutes (Ibuac < 0.2)
Medium drying, between 1 and 30 minutes (0.2 < Ibuac < 1)
Rapid drying, less than 1 minute (Ibuac > 2)
Table 5: evaporation rate
Solvents
Ibuac
Categories
Boiling point (°C)
Acetone
5.6
Rapid
56
Ethyl acetate
4.1
Rapid
77.1
Ethanol
1.6
Medium
79
Toluene
2
Medium
110
n-butyl acetate
1
Medium
126
GalasterTM EL 98
0.22
Slow
153
GalasterTM BL 97
0.035
Slow
187
0.04
Slow
202
In general, our products evaporate slowly compared to other solvents, thus constituting an
advantage (extension of the open time) to varnish, paint, ink, etc. formulators.
12
F.
WETTABILITY – SURFACE TENSION
It is possible to have an indication of the surface tension of a solvent by measuring the contact
angle formed by the tangent to the solvent drop and its support.
Figure 5: contact angle formed by a solvent drop and illustration of wettability
<
ϒLG
Poor
>
ϴC
>
<
ϒSL
Medium
Excellent
ϒSG
>
The wettability is regarded as good when the angle is less than 90°.
Figure 6: surface tension or wettability of the GalasterTM biosolvents on a PVC support
120
100
Contact angle (°)
80
60
40
20
0
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
Concentration (ppm)
Water
GalasterTM IAL 98
GalasterTM BL 97
Ethanol
Green surfactant
GalasterTM EHL 95
GalasterTM EHL 95 has an excellent wettability, even at concentrations below 5,000 ppm. In
agrochemistry, it is used to enable a better wettability of active substances on crops.
BIOSOLVENTS
13
G. VOC OR NON-VOC: DIRECTIVES 1999/13/EC AND 2004/42/EC
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a high vapour pressure at
room temperature. The boiling point of these products is low and thus a great number of molecules
evaporate when the product is liquid. The European Union distinguishes two categories of VOCs
and defines them:
• Certain paints and varnishes and vehicle refinishing products (directive 2004/42/EC)
“Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250°C measured at
a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa”.
• Certain activities and installations (directive 1999/13/EC)
“Any organic compound having at 293,15 K a vapour pressure of 0,01 kPa or more, or having a
corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use”.
According to directive 1999/13/EC, GalasterTM EHL 95 and GalasolvTM NV 300 are not VOCs as
their vapour pressure is less than 0.01 kPa at 20°C (see table 2: physical properties of Galactic’s
biosolvents). According to directive 2004/42/EC, GalasolvTM NV 300 is non-VOC.
H.
WATER SOLUBILITY (LOG P)
GalasterTM includes products that are fully soluble, partially insoluble and totally insoluble in water.
This is indicated by log P (see table 2: physical properties of Galactic’s biosolvents).
Log P, also called partition coefficient octanol/water, measures the difference in solubility of an
element in a mixture of octanol and water. It gives an indication of the hydrophilic (affinity for
water) and hydrophobic (water repelling or incapable of mixing with water) properties of this
element.
If log P is higher than 0, the element is more soluble in octanol than in water, which means it is
hydrophobic. If log P is less than 0, it is hydrophilic.
The solubility in water is a key factor and determines which product of GalasterTM or GalasolvTM
will be more appropriate, chiefly for aqueous formulations and formulations that need a coalescing
agent.
14
I.
LEADING-EDGE DEVELOPMENTS AND TAILOR-MADE SOLVENTS
Galactic’s objective is to develop natural lactic acid-based solutions to replace dangerous and toxic
products. Galactic has acquired valuable experience in research and development since 20 years
and is now specialised in Lactochemistry®.
Because of its hydroxyl and acid functions, lactic acid (in liquid or solid form) is the basis of
hundreds of different chemical reactions (esterification, condensation, oxidation, reduction,
substitution, etc.).
A team of experts with a wide experience and knowledge in the elaboration of production processes,
the development of products and the formulation chemistry provides solutions to improve
the innovation process. Galactic offers standard products, tailor-made and very high‑quality
formulations and products, the ideal product for many applications and the development of
ingredients or blends to achieve the desired properties.
Figure 7: lactic acid molecule
Acid function
(carboxylic group)
Alcohol funtion
(hydroxyl group)
III. MAIN APPLICATIONS OF GALACTIC’S BIOSOLVENTS
Galactic’s products are increasingly used in agrochemistry, in the treatment of surfaces and in
electronics.
1.
AGROCHEMISTRY
The products of the GalasterTM range are used as optically pure reagents to synthesise active
substances and as substitutes for traditional solvents to dissolve active substances in the oil
phase of the formulations. As we have previously
demonstrated, our solvents improve the wettability of
active substances on surfaces. According to the type of
formulation, the products of the GalasterTM range (like
GalasterTM EHL) replace certain compounds present
in liquid concentrated and emulsifiable solutions. Our
biosolvents are very effective because of their excellent
solvent power and their high boiling point, prolonging
the contact time of active substances on weeds and
insect parasites for instance.
BIOSOLVENTS
15
2.
SURFACE TREATMENT
The treatment of metal surfaces mainly consists in
removing the most difficult contaminants such as oils,
fats, carbon, inks, waxes, dyes and metallic projections
due to soldering.
The user must choose the most suited solvent of Galactic
to his needs and according to the legislation of his
country. We offer our solutions in sectors where metal
(or plastic) parts must be correctly and rapidly cleaned
such as in the aerospace, the rail and the automotive
industries.
Many harmful solvents are used in these industries such as chlorinated solvents,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, standard or modified alcohols and hydrocarbonated solvents. The
products of our GalasterTM and GalasolvTM ranges effectively replace all of these solvents. They offer
the advantage of being environmentally friendly, non-toxic and safe (see table 4: Kauri-butanol
index). The products of the GalasterTM range are used in different surface treatment processes such
as cold cleaning and vapour degreasing in open or closed circuit. In these two systems, the products
of the GalasterTM range can be, amongst others, associated with ultrasonic transducers.
GalasterTM EL 98 is a perfect cleaner for printing presses. Because of its complete miscibility
with water or other solvents, it cleans offset presses regardless of the type of ink (water or
solvent‑based). GalasterTM EL also replaces chlorinated solvents and aromatic solvents. As it has
similar physico‑chemical properties to certain glycol ethers, it ideally replaces ethylene glycol
acetate.
Table 6: ethyl lactate versus ethylene glycol acetate
Ethyl lactate
Ethylene glycol acetate
Dispersion forces (MPa1/2)
16.7
16
Polarity (MPa1/2)
6.45
4.7
Hydrogen bonds (MPa1/2)
11.6
10.6
Boiling point
154°C
156°C
Evaporation rate
0.21
0.19
Hansen solubility parameters
Other properties
The products of the GalasterTM range are known to be excellent paint strippers and graffiti removers.
Methylene chloride, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and many other harmful solvents are widely used in
the formulation of paint strippers. These solvents based on oil resources are dangerous and toxic.
GalasterTM EL 98 and GalasolvTM NF 62 are ideal solvents to formulate strippers that are effective,
safe for humans and environmentally friendly. If necessary, it is also possible to combine them with
other green solvents. The recommended concentration of GalasterTM EL 98 varies between 40 and
60%w/w. Our research and development team remains at your disposal to advise you according
to your needs.
16
3.
ELECTRONICS
In the electronics industry, the products of GalasterTM are used in the
formulations of photosensitive resins (in photolithography processes),
in edge bead removers and in the cleaning during the manufacture of
printed circuits and semiconductors. Photosensitive resins containing
GalasterTM EL are used in the manufacturing of microelectronic elements
such as semiconductor chip or printed circuits.
Table 7: properties of the GalasterTM products in electronic applications
Properties
Unit
GalasterTM EL
2-ethoxyethyl
acetate
1-methoxy-2-propyl
acetate
Hansen solubility parameters
Dispersion forces
MPa1/2 16.7
16
16.1
Polarity
MPa1/2 6.45
4.7
6.1
Hydrogen bonds
MPa1/2 11.6
10.06
6.45
Boiling point
°C
154
156
146
0.21
0.19
0.33
Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1)
4.
SOLVENTS
A.
RESINS IN COATINGS, INKS, VARNISHES AND WIRE COATINGS
Our products are very effective in all types of coatings, be it in inks, varnishes
or adhesives. The choice of the product depends on the Hansen solubility
parameters of the solvents to be substituted.
Because of their high polarity, the products of the GalasterTM and GalasolvTM
ranges are able to dissolve a great number of resins to produce solvent-based
solutions such as acrylic resins, phenolic resins, phenoxy resins and cellulosic
resins (see appendix I).
BIOSOLVENTS
17
Examples of substitutions.
Figure 8: dissolution of a phenoxy resin by GalasolvTM NF and cresol (application: electric wire coating)
107
Cresol
106
GalasolvTM NF
10
Viscosity (mPa.s)
5
104
103
102
10
1
15
20
25
30
Dry matter (%)
25
40
Figure 9: dissolution of a polyvinyl butyral resin by GalasterTM EL 98 (application: coatings of wood and metals)
106
Characteristics of the resin
Mn : 30 to 40,000
Hydroxyl content: 18 to 20%
Butyral content: 75 to 81%
Acetate content: 1 to 4%
Viscosity (mPa.s)
105
104
56610
12530
3240
103
823
235
102
Applications
Coating for electrical insulation of wire,
inks for flexographic and gravure, metal
coating, nitrocellulose lacquers for wood.
10
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Dry matter (%)
30
35
40
Figure 10: dissolution of a polyvinyl chloride copolymer (application: varnishes and inks)
106
Galaster™ BL 97
Viscosity (mPa.s)
105
Galaster™ EL 98
Galaster™ NPL 98.5
104
103
102
10
1
4
18
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Dry matter (%)
20
22
24
26
Figure 11: dissolution of a methyl methacrylate resin by GalasterTM EL 98
106
Mn = 500,000
10
Viscosity (mPa.s)
5
Mn = 300,000
104
Mn = 200,000
103
Mn = 180,000
102
Mn = 80,000
Applications
•• Plastic coatings, printing inks
••• Plastic coatings
10
1
0
10
20
30
Dry matter (%)
40
50
Note: evolution of the viscosity according to the concentrations of resins of different Mn.
According to these tests, GalasterTM EL 98 and GalasolvTM NF 62, which is non-flammable, are
the most effective products to dissolve resins. It is also possible to use a solvent with a higher
boiling point such as GalasterTM NPL 98.5 and GalasterTM BL 97. Our research team remains at your
disposal for further information regarding other technical purposes.
B.
ADDITIVES IN COATINGS
The products of the GalasterTM range are used as additives to improve the wettability. They
control the evaporation in solvent-based formulations and play the role of coalescing agents in
water‑based formulations.
As described in figure 6, we recommend GalasterTM EHL 95 to improve the wettability. As the
products of the GalasterTM range are solvents with low evaporation rate (high boiling point), they
are interesting for coatings. They improve the open time and thus the formation of a homogeneous
film.
BIOSOLVENTS
19
In collaboration with CoRI (Coatings Research Institute), we proved that some of our products
(GalasterTM BL 97, GalasterTM EHL 95 and GalasolvTM NV 300) are equally if not more effective
coalescing agents than the traditional solutions (such as glycol ether, TexanolTM, etc.). According to
directive 2004/42/EC, GalasolvTM NV 300 is not a VOC.
Figure 12: tests performed by CoRI with GalasterTM BL, GalasterTM EHL and GalasolvTM NV 300
Evolution of the Persoz hardness
through time
Blocking resistance
Persoz hardness (s)
100
75
50
25
0
1 day
7 days
10
20
8
19
Loss of thickness (%)
Blocking resistance index
125
Scrub resistance
(washability)
6
4
18
17
2
16
0
15
28 days
Reference (TexanolTM)
GalasterTM BL
GalasterTM EHL
GalasolvTM NV 300
Agrochemistry
Cleaning
++
++
Open system
+
++
+
Closed system
++
++
++
Electronics
Solvents
Galasolv™ NV 300
Galaster™ EHL 95
++
Paint strippers and graffiti removers
Cleaning of metal surfaces
Galaster™ IAL 98
Galaster ™ BL 97
NPL 98.5
Galaster
™
Galasolv™ NF 62
Galaster™ EL
(different grades)
Galaster™ ML 97
Table 8: summary of the main applications of the GalasterTM and GalasolvTM solutions
+
+
+
++
++
Solvent for resins in inks, varnishes,
coatings and adhesives
Additives in inks, varnishes,
coatings and adhesives
Polar resins
+
++
Hydrocarbon resins
++
Wettability/spreading
Evaporation control
Coalescing agent
+
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
+
+
++
++
++
++
Do not hesitate to contact us if you need further information on our products or the way to add
them in your applications.
20
IV. OTHER BENEFITS
1.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
The products of GalasterTM and GalasolvTM do not present a hazard to the health of end users and
workers. Because of their high boiling point, they provide higher security as they are non‑flammable
and have a low ecotoxicological profile.
2.
ENVIRONMENT
Given the dangerousness of petroleum-based solvents, it is therefore necessary to invest in
research to develop equally effective products but which are natural and biodegradable. Many
solvents available on the market are toxic because they are VOCs. The GalasterTM and GalasolvTM
ranges offer formulations which are as effective as the traditional ones, but do not affect the
environment because they are non-VOCs.
3.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Galactic’s main activity is to produce lactic acid through the natural fermentation of sugar or
maize glucose. As they do not depend on the oil prices, the prices of our products are more stable
compared to the traditional solutions. Our solutions are also less expensive to store, manipulate
and recycle. Their effectiveness enables our customers to reduce the quantities used compared to
chemicals and thus generate significant savings.
BIOSOLVENTS
21
APPENDIX I:
RESIN DISSOLUTION WITH GALACTIC’S BIOSOLVENTS
GalasterTM
EHL 95
GalasterTM
BL 97
GalasolvTM
NF 62
Methyl methacrylate
S - NR
TS to I
TS
Isobutyl methacrylate
S - NR
TS
TS
Ethyl methacrylate
S - NR
TS
TS
I
TS
TS
Methyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate
S - NR
TS
TS
Methyl methacrylate/ethyl methacrylate
S - NR
TS
TS
Butyl methacrylate/styren
S - NR
TS
TS
I
I
TS
Resins
Acrylic resins
Type
n-butyl methacrylate
Cellulose esters
Cellulose acetate
Cellulose acetate butyrate
Cellulose acetate propionate
I
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
Polyvinyl chloride
copolymers
Vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride acetate
copolymer
I
TS
TS
Polyvinyl acetate
homopolymers
Vinyl acetate homopolymer
I
TS
TS
Polyvinyl butyral
All types
TS
TS
TS
Polyvinyl formal
All types
Not tested
Not tested
TS
Phenoxy resins
All types
S - NR
TS
TS
Phenolic resins
Alkylphenol
Terpene
S - NR
TS
TS
Modified Novolac
S - NR
TS
TS
Novolac
S - NR
TS
TS
Alkylphenolic Novolac
S - NR
TS
TS
Alkylphenolic resol
S - NR
TS
TS
I
TS
TS
Epoxy resin based on epichlorhydrin and
bisphenol A (high epoxy content)
S - NR
TS
TS
Epoxy resin based on epichlorhydrin and
bisphenol A (low epoxy content)
S - NR
TS
TS
Alpla-pinene
TS
I
I
Beta-pinene
TS
I
I
D-limonene
TS
I
I
Partially hydrogenated rosin
MS
Not tested
MS
Strongly hydrogenated rosin
MS
Not tested
MS
Strongly hydrogenated glycerol ester of rosin
TS
Not tested
TS
Etherified resol
Cresol resol
Epoxy resins
Polyterpene resins
Rosin resins
Novolac epoxy resin based on epichlorhydrin
and bisphenol A
Comparison for a given concentration of solvent
and resin. Gel is considered to be insoluble.
22
GalasterTM
EL 98
GalasterTM
NPL 98.5
GalasterTM
ML 97
TS
TS
S - NR
Evonik (Degalan®), Lucite International (Elvacite®)
TS
TS
I
TS
TS
S - NR
TS
TS
I
TS
TS
S – NR
Evonik (Degalan®), Lucite International (Elvacite®), DSM NeoResins+ (NeoCryl®)
TS
TS
S – NR
DSM NeoResins+ (NeoCryl®)
TS
TS
S – NR
DSM NeoResins+ (NeoCryl®)
TS
S - NR
S - NR
Eastman (EastmanTM Cellulose Acetate)
TS
TS
TS
Eastman (EastmanTM Cellulose Acetate Butyrate)
TS
TS
TS
Eastman (EastmanTM Cellulose Acetate Propionate)
TS
TS
I
SolVin, Wacker (Vinnol®)
TS
TS
I
Wacker (Vinnapas®)
TS
TS
TS
TS
Not tested
Not tested
TS
TS
S - NR
TS
TS
I
Sumitomo Bakelite Europe
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
Hexion Specialty Chemicals GmbH (Bakelite®)
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
Suppliers of the different resins used to run tests
Lucite International (Elvacite®)
Kuraray (Kuraray Mowital®), Solutia Inc. (Butvar®)
JNC Corporation (Formvar®, Vinylec®)
InChem (InChemRez®)
TS
TS
TS
Dow (D.E.N.TM)
TS
TS
TS
Dow (D.E.R.TM)
TS
TS
TS
Dow (D.E.R.TM)
I
I
I
Pinova (Piccolyte® A)
I
I
I
Pinova (Piccolyte® C)
I
I
I
Pinova (Piccolyte® S)
MS
Not tested
Not tested
Pinova (Staybelite®)
MS
Not tested
Not tested
Pinova (Floral®)
TS
Not tested
Not tested
Pinova (Floral®)
Thinnable
Good solubility (TS = transparent solution, MS = milky solution)
I = insoluble
S - NR = soluble, but not recommended (gel)
BIOSOLVENTS
23
Since 1994 Galactic has become one of the world leaders in biotechnology serving the food,
feed, personal & health care, and industrial markets. Based on its valuable experience in the
fermentation of lactic acid and in the production of its derivatives, Galactic continuously
develops sustainable, innovative and health-friendly solutions in the field of food safety,
nutrition and green chemistry. With its headquarters and an Innovation Campus in Belgium,
production facilities and front-labs in the United States (Milwaukee), China (Bengbu) and Europe
(Escanaffles, Brussels), and additional sales offices in Belgium (Brussels), Japan (Tokyo) and
Brazil (Curitiba), Galactic employs about 380 people worldwide and is active in more than
65 countries.
HEADQUARTERS
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE & AFRICA
ASIA & OCEANIA
Galactic Inc.
2700 W. Silver Spring Drive
Milwaukee - WI 53209 USA
Tel.: +1 414 462 1990
[email protected]
www.lactic-us.com
Headquarters & production plant
Galactic s.a.
Place d’Escanaffles, 23
7760 Escanaffles - Belgium
Tel.: +32 69 45 49 21
Anhui COFCO Biochemical &
GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.
1 Cofco Avenue, Bengbu 233010
Anhui Province - China
Tel.: +86 552 2081 288
[email protected]
www.bglactic.com
LATIN AMERICA
Galactic Bioquímicos Ltda.
Batel Business Center
Av. Batel, n° 1230 Cj. 405 - Torre
BBC
Curitiba - PR - Brazil
Tel.: +55-41-3042-7113
[email protected]
www.lactic.com
Galactic Innovation Campus
Allée de la Recherche, 4
1070 Brussels - Belgium
Tel.: +32 2 332 14 00
[email protected]
JAPAN
B&G Japan Co., Ltd.
AIOS Meguroekimae, 15-19
Kami-osaki 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku
Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
Tel.: +81 3 6459 3646
[email protected]
www.b-gjapan.com
24
ENHANCING THEwww.lactic.com
GENIUS OF NATURE

English - Galactic

Transcription

Similar documents

collection 1295-98

GALACTIC AT-ONE-MENT "Healing for the Heart and the Mind

And Yet It Moves! The Magic of Kinegrams by Gianni A. Sarcone Art

Imperquim-II - Mozambique Chemicals

POP UP BOX CARD

Astronomy Course of ETH Zürich at Diavolezza

Toxic Substance Plan Summary and Certification Toxic Reduction