1 - SAIS

Developing a Sanitation
Decision Support System
Presented by:
Katherine Delavan
Nandita Kotwal
Kammi Sheeler
Colin Wright
Project Overview
Clien t : Athena Infonomics
Locat ion : Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Pr oject : Support the development of a
Decision Support System (DSS) Tool to
aid policymakers in determining
urban sanitation investments
Field Resear ch : January 4-12, 2016 in Chennai and Vellore
Deliver ables: Literature review, Decision Tree for Variables,
Blueprint for DSS Toolkit, Final Report
Sanitation Options
On-Site (Septage)
• User maintenance
• Minimal water needed
• Lower density population
• Low cost technology
• Less environmental risk
• Simple installation
• De-sludging necessary
• Can transition to UGSS
Centralized Underground
Sewerage System (UGSS)
• City maintenance
• Minimum of 135 lpcd
• High density population
• Very costly to install
• Local government
capacity to collect,
transport, clean
wastewater (treatment
plan required)
Decentralized Sewerage
System
• City maintenance
• Less than 135 lpcd
• Clustered wastewater
treatment unit
• Lower density population
• peri-urban
• Can become centralized
Variables
Technical
• Water supply
• Land availability
• Topography
(soil type, terrain, bedrock, slope)
• Population density
• Existing infrastructure
(roads, utility lines)
NonTechnical
•
•
•
•
Funding
Environmental concerns and regulations
Political Economy
Economic costs and benefits
(health, environment, tourism)
Sanitation DSS Tools
Existing Tools
Shortcomings of existing tools
•
•
•
•
No feedback mechanism
No evaluation or follow-up
Lack of consideration for political economy
Need to address inequality, poverty and informal settlements
Adapting to the Indian Context
Key findings from field research
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Land acquisition and Right of Way
Consider Political Goals and Interests
Decentralized Sanitation Systems
Contracting and Public-Private
Partnerships
Public willingness to pay
Informal settlements
Bureaucratic obstacles
Future-proofing sanitation systems
Resilience
Developing a Decision Framework
Technical Flowchart
Proposed Tool
Recommendations
On-site sanitation systems are a viable alternative to UGSS
Consider local political economic factors in designing system
Plan for urban expansion, informal settlements and disaster risk
Solicit feedback on the tool from users
Evaluate the tool for usefulness and impact
Questions?
Bridging Labor Supply and Demand Gap
in Kenya
Yuliya Gosnell, Amira Karim, Tommy Kim, Mark Maples
Kenya:
Population – 44.35 million
Under 35 – 80%
Youth Unemployment – 17.4%
Chinese construction and manufacturing:
50% of Chinese FDI in Africa
Client: Sino-Africa Center of Excellence Foundation
Challenge: Increasing the share of qualified Kenyan labor employed by
Chinese construction companies
Evolution of Solution:
1. Multi-Stakeholder Governance
2. Search for alternatives
Interviewed Stakeholders
Multilateral , 3
TVET, 6
Public, 1
NGO, 7
Private, 1
Newly established Technical Vocational Education and
Training Authority works on increasing capacity
TVET willingness to success is constrained by lack of flexibility
and weak partnerships
Private Sector Involvement is not only limited and sporadic, the
motivations of Chinese companies remain unclear.
Overall Recommendation:
SACE to serve as the “missing link” between the
private sector and TVET through high-value
added partnerships
Recommendation 1:
Develop high quality partnerships through a value chain
approach
Primary Activities
Identify client
needs, highlight
options
Identify
collaborators
based on client
criteria
Design and
product
development
Execution and
supervision
Perform Ex-post
evaluation/
appraisal
Supporting/Secondary Activities
Identify
modalities of
partnership
Establish
responsibilities
and guidelines
for each actor
Identify,
mitigate and
reduce risks
Provide
supervisory/
governance
framework for
project
Perform
evaluation of
relationships
Recommendation 2:
Focus on developing targeted Chinese companies-TVET
school partnerships
Recommendation 3:
Leverage on SACE’s growing thought leadership
Final Insights…
Negombo Lagoon Fisheries:
A resource management case study
Rei Anno, Riad Houry, Erina Iwami and Valerie Tan
Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies
Research objectives
Investigate sustainability of
livelihoods from fisheries in
Negombo lagoon
Assess effectiveness of
Negombo’s common-pool
resource governance
Make recommendations to
address challenges
Agenda
Overview of Negombo
Lagoon
Challenges to fishing
communities’ livelihoods
Theoretical framework
Recommendations
Negombo
Lagoon
Important commercial and
tourist hub in Sri Lanka
One of the most urbanized
lagoon areas in the country
3,000 hectares (30 km2)
2,000 – 5,000 small scale
fishers derive their incomes
from lagoon and associated
coastal fishery
Maps photo credit: Google images
Fishing communities
Kattudel
Trammel
• 300-year
hereditary
tradition
(mainly
catch
shrimp)
• More
efficient
gear than
kattudel
• 30 years
old
Outboard
Motor
• Park in
lagoon, fish
in ocean
(sardines,
herrings)
Multi-Day
Boats
• Park in
lagoon, fish in
ocean (tuna,
large fish)
Kattudel photo credit: practicalaction.org
Deteriorating
ecosystem
Too many fishermen
Pollution
Land Reclamation
Urbanization
Poor
governance
Inadequate government
involvement
Poor enforcement of
existing rules
Ineffective Lagoon
Management Authority
Traditional fishermen a low
priority for authorities
Stakeholder Relations in Negombo
Coastal Conservation
Department
National Aquatic
Research Agency
Municipal Commissioner
Divisional Secretariat
Department of Fisheries
Grama Niladhari
Lagoon Management
Ineffective
Authority
Kattudel
MDB
Trammel
OFRP
NGOs
Private Sector
Church
Ostrom’s design principles:
A diagnostic tool
Ostrom (1990, 2005)
Cox, et al. (2009)
Civil society plays
an important role
Church critical actor
among Negombo fishing
communities
Civil society has strong
organizing power when
entire community is faced
with an external threat
Recommendations
Clarify mandates of existing
government agencies
Establish task force with adequate
resources to monitor lagoon
activity and enforce penalties
Integrate civil society
organizations and church
representatives into Lagoon
Management Authority to make it
more credible and accountable
Thank You!
Questions?
Toward Sustainable Growth of
Chinese SEZs in Africa
A SAIS-Zhongfu IDEV Practicum
TERESA PETERBURS
EGLE VILKELYTE
ANDREW CARUSO
DANIELLE NESMITH
Ogun-Guangdong Free Trade Zone
Zhongfu Investment Company
Ogun-Guangdong Free Trade Zone | Igbesa, Nigeria
Task: Conduct a broad SWOT analysis and extensive stakeholder
interviews to inform a roadmap for sustainable growth
4 cities
Igbesa, Lagos, Abeokuta,
Ibadan
6 investors, 3 potential
investors
Power Plant, Far East,
Hexing, One Percent,
Goodwill, China Glass
Xian delegation
6 Nigerian workers
6 government officials
Immigration, NEPZA,
Customs, SSG, Minister of
Health, Minister of Urban
Planning
SAIS IDEV team meets with academic heads of the
Ogun Institute of Technology
4 community leaders
3 tribal chiefs
1 school
Successes
Success Factor #1
Private
Management
Model
COO John Xue with OGFTZ
security officers
Success Factor #2
Leveraging
Relationships
SAIS IDEV team and High-Tech Park Investment Delegation Celebrate Visit
Success Factors
Success Factor #3
Demonstrated
Economic Impact
Newly constructed central infrastructure within the OGFTZ
Challenges
Challenge #1
Infrastructure
Trucks outside the Goodwill tile factory waiting to leave the zone
Challenge #2
Labor market issues
Workers in steel company in the OGFTZ
Challenge #3
Cultural and language barriers
Tour of Ogun river with potential investors
Challenge #4
Community interaction
Ogun Institute of Technology faculty with SAIS IDEV team
Challenge #5
Nigerian Economic Market
Street vendor in Igbesa town
Recommendations
Recommendation #1
Onboarding
Sessions
Signing of new investment agreement
Ogun Institute of Technology faculty with SAIS IDEV team
Recommendation #2
Investor Forums
View of the OGFTZ from above
Ogun Institute of Technology faculty with SAIS IDEV team
Recommendation #3
Infrastructure
and Urban
Planning
Far East steel assembly plant
Ogun Institute of Technology faculty with SAIS IDEV team
Recommendation #4
Public Relations
Student forum at the Ogun Institute of
Technology
Ogun Institute of Technology faculty with SAIS IDEV team
Recommendation #5
Defining the
Management
Role
MD meeting with potential investors
at the Ogun State government office
Ogun Institute of Technology faculty with SAIS IDEV team
Thank You
ENGAGING MEN AND BOYS FOR
GENDER EQUALITY IN EGYPT:
STAKEHOLDER MAPPING ANALYSIS
Final Client Presentation - April 2016
Justin Ahmed, Tchi Sogoyou, Laura Saiki Chaves
Agenda
Overview
Methodology
Analysis
Application
Overview
Partners and Project
Client Details - Promundo
 Collaboration with UN Women on: Women
for Women and Men for Women
 SIDA funded program to enhance gender
equality in the MENA region by
understanding the root causes of gender
inequality and strengthen capacities of CSO
Why Men?
 Men can contribute directly to promoting gender
equality and preventing violence against women
and girls
 Engage men to address the challenges of gender
equality and women’s empowerment that have
arisen since the Arab uprisings
 International Men and Gender Equality Survey
(IMAGES) in Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt and
Palestine
Overview
Deliverables and Objectives
Key Deliverables
 Stakeholder mapping in Egypt
 Literature review of men and
masculinities in the Arab region
Field Objectives
 Identify new and existing CSOs, their nature, capacities, and willingness
to engage men and boys in gender equality-related social programming
 Understand barriers to and channels of support for increasinglyrestricted activities
Methodology
Spatial Criteria for Visual Mapping
Engagement
CommunityCentricity
Influence
 CSOs’ willingness for and
approach to engagement
of men and boys varied
greatly.
 CSOs engage at grassroots
level and in variable
degrees of difference from
the community (e.g. with
NGOs or government).
 CSOs’ differentiated aims,
resources, and networks
implied varied abilities to
operate and scale in the
given environment.
Methodology
Example
Sawiris Foundation
Research
Programming
Advocacy
Functions
El Nadeem Center
Engagement: 1
Engagement: 5
Communitycentricity: 1
Communitycentricity: 5
Influence: 5
Influence: 2.5
Methodology
Degree of Community-Centricity
Example
5
El Nadeem
4
3
2
1
0
0
Sawiris Foundation
1
2
3
4
Nature of Engagement with Men and Boys
5
Analysis
Strengths
Barriers
Key Findings
Civil society organizations are faced with
many common constraints, but also face
barriers unique to their thematic areas of
focus and functional capabilities.
Strategies for overcoming barriers varies
greatly, with varying levels of success; still
some running commonalities.





Impact measurement
Political constraints
Funding
Competition amongst progressive values
Community resistance
 Networks of allies and collaborators
 Adaptability under uncertainty
 Perseverance
Analysis
Visual Mapping Tool
Degree of Community-Centricity
5
Nebny Foundation
Teens Club
ECWR
Alashanek Ya Baladi
Population Council
El Nadeem
BAMK
OPANTISH
El Madina for PDA
Etijah
Women and Memory Forum
Tadwein
Ahead of the Curve
1
0
Agora
EIPR
2
0
BASSMA
Anti-Harassment Movement
4
3
HarassMap
Sawiris
1
2
3
Nature of Engagement with Men and Boys
4
5
Application
Process
1. Replicate
2. Match
3. Prioritize
4. Support
 Utilize scoring
template for expanded
set of potential
partners
 Match ecosystem gaps
to existing
organizational
capabilities
 Evaluate benefits of
program / partnership
opportunities
 Coordinate and
manage
implementation
networks across
chains of engagement
 Document key
strengths and barriers
 Identify opportunities
for cross-quadrant
collaboration
 Identify relevant
constraints
 Rank and select
implementation
partners
 Provide capacitybuilding and internal
training services to
scale impact
Promundo and UN Women can utilize and re-adapt the stakeholder mapping methodology and
visual mapping tool to build out and scale programmatic engagements across the region, both for
qualitative components of the IMAGES and Women for Women and Men for Women projects.
Special Thanks To:
4. Support
₰
₰
Identify opportunities for
Dr. Natko Gereš and Dr. cross-quadrant
Shereen El-Feki of
complementary and
supplementary
Sarah Brun, Emad Karim,
and Radwa Tarek
collaboration among
mapped stakeholders

Evaluate benefits of
program / partnership
Promundo
opportunities

Coordinate and manage
implementation networks
across chains of
engagement

Provide capacity-building
and internal training
services to scale impact
of UN WOMEN

Identify relevant
constraints
₰ Salma Abou Hussein of Population Council-Egypt
₰ Dr. Tanvi Nagpal of SAIS-IDEV fame


₰ Our trusted advisor, Dr. Jennifer McCleary-Sills
Rank and select
implementation partners
Thank You
Annexes
Annex I
Participant Overview
Organization
El Madina for Performing and Digital Arts
Agora
Etijah
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR)
Population Council (PCI-Egypt)
Imprints (BASSMA)
Alashanek Ya Baladi
Ahead of the Curve
The Egyptian Center for Women's Rights
(ECWR)
HarassMap
Nebny Foundation
Women and Memory Forum
Teens Club
Sawiris Foundation
Anti-Harassment Movement
El Nadeem Center for Rehabilitation
Tadwein
Banat Masr Khat Ahmar
Operation Anti-Sexual Harassment
Nature of Engagement
Community - Centricity
Influence
Function
4
4
4
4
2
3
1
2.5
4.5
5
4
3
4
5
4
2
4
3
4.5
2
4.5
3
4
3
2
3
1
3
1
1
3
5
5
4.5
3
5
5
5
3
5
1
5
5
2
5
5
4
3
3.5
3
3
5
3
2.5
4
1
1
Annex II
Criteria in Focus
Engagement is based the organization’s actual programming,
which aims to encompass the organizational attitude towards
the role of men in gender equality efforts. The scale is given
below:
1
Organization engages men in its programming but did not
explicitly address gender roles in its activities
2
Organization engages men in gender programming, but
only secondarily as opinion leaders or mentors and not
participants who are agents of change
3
Organizations engages men secondarily as participants in
gender-based programming, although they were not the
primary audience
4
Organization engages men primarily within its initiatives
as direct targets of gender-based programming
5
Organization explicitly targets men in its gender
programming and also has a desire to start a dialogue on
a societal level about masculinity and gender roles in
general
Community-centricity measures how directly an organization is
able to engage directly with a community. Because organizations
will naturally target different audiences, this indicator was
developed as a means to demonstrate the varying levels of
community engagement that exist within the organizations
interviewed. The scale is given below:
1
2
Organization is a macro-level actor. This includes government
agencies or foundations that oversee the general large-scale
programs
Organization focuses on macro- and meso-level engagement.
That is, it is an organization that supports the development of
the NGO ecosystem or any type of network for private
companies, universities, or CBOs.
3
Organization engages with CBOs and/or communities on an
ad-hoc basis although it is not one of its core activities. These
organizations typically include research and advocacy firms
4
Organization works directly, systematically, and continually
through CBOs as one of its main activities
5
Organization is present and works directly with individuals at
the community-level. That is, the organization is a CBO.
Influence measures the ability of an organization to expand its
operations. The indicator outlines the ability of an organization
to operate within the enabling environment and to grow its
activities and reach, if necessary. This indicator also
distinguishes the factors that restrict an organization’s
operation and it incorporates the organization’s perceived
influence in the field. The scale is given below:
1 Organization is currently inactive
2
Activities carried out by the organization are restricted by
external forces like government regulations and policies
3
Activities carried out by the organization are somewhat
limited by issues relating to fund, human capital, or
organizational intent.
Activities carried out can be increased significantly because
the organization has an extensive capacity to scale among
target group. Nevertheless, the organization is not
considered a major player by those in its peer group
4
5
Activities carried out can be increased significantly because
the organization has an extensive capacity to scale among
target group. The organization is also considered wellregarded and well-networked by those in its peer group
Annex III
CSO Environment
Referee
1
AntiHarassm
ent
Moveme
nt
1
Anti-Harassment Movement
2
Banat Masr Khat Ahmar
3
Teen Council
4
Etijah*
5
HarassMap
6
Operation Anti-Sexual Assault (OPITASH)
7
Agora*
8
El-Medina Center for Performing and Digital Arts*
9
Tadwein
10
The BuSSy Project
11
Women and Memory Forum
12
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights
13
Population Council*
14
Al-Nadeem Center for Rehabilitation
15
Ahead of the Curve
16
Basma
17
Sawiris Foundation
18
Egypt Network for Integrated Development
19
New Woman Foundation
20
The Egyptian Center for Women's Rights*
21
Nazra for Feminist Studies
22
Kammla: the NGO Coalition against FGM
23
Women's Association for Health Improvement in Sohaig
24
Alashanyk Ya Baladi*
25
Heya Masr
26
Egyptian Family Planning Association
27
Banati Foundation for Street Children
28
Nebny Foundation
2
Banat
Masr
Khat
Ahmar
3
Teen
Council
4
Etijah
5
6
7
Operatio
n AntiSexual
Assault
HarassM (OPITAS
H)
Agora
ap
8
9
10
ElMedina
Center
for
Performi
ng and
The
Digital
BuSSy
Arts
Tadwein Project
X
11
12
13
14
15
16
AlEgyptian
Nadeem
Women Initiative
Center
and
for
Populati for
Ahead of
Memory Personal on
Rehabilit the
Forum Rights
Council ation
Curve
Basma
X
X
17
18
19
Egypt
Network
for
Integrate New
Sawiris d
Woman
Foundati Develop Foundati
on
ment
on
20
21
22
The
Egyptian
Kammla:
Center
the NGO
for
Nazra for Coalition
Women's Feminist against
Rights
Studies FGM
X
23
24
25
Women's
Associati
on for
Health
Improve Alashany
ment in k Ya
Heya
Sohaig Baladi
Masr
26
27
30
31
32
33
Men
Engage
34
35
36
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
38
X
X
X
37
Center
for
Ikhtyar
Egyptian
for
Sketchin Women's
Gender
Alexandri g
Legal
Tahrir
Studies
a Health Alexandri Assistanc Bodyguar and
Center a
e
ds
Research
X
X
X
29
Coptic
Evangelic Arab
Digital
al
Organiza Expressio
Egyptian Banati
tion for n
Family Foundati
Foundati Misr alPlanning on for
Nebny Social
Foundati Services on
Mahrous White
Associati Street
(CEOSS) (ADEF) a Baladi Ribbon
on
Children on
X
X
28
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
39
40
Social
Fund for
Develop
ment
Girl
(SFD)
Power
41
Girls'
Revolutio
n (webpage)
Annex IV
Researcher Contacts
Laura Saiki Chaves
 [email protected]
Tchilalou Sogoyou Bekeyi
 [email protected]
Justin Taj Ahmed
 [email protected]
ICT for Citizen Engagement
RoadLab+
Ashley Augsburger, Deea Ariana, Julienne Lauler, Gabor Debreczeni
Outline
1.  What is RoadLab?
2.  Why hasn’t it engaged a broad base of citizens?
3.  What we’re changing to make it work
4.  City Typology Outline
What is RoadLab?™
Source: World Bank, “RoadLab – Revamping Road Condition and Road Safety Monitoring by Crowdsourcing with Smarphone App ”
Why hasn’t it engaged a broad base of citizens?
•  Success: In both
Belarus and Uganda, it
succeeded in lowering
road monitoring costs
without needing a broad
base of users.
•  Obstacle: lack of
incentives for users to
actively engage with
the app; for
governments to
engage with users
Source: SoftTeco
Outline
1.  What is RoadLab?
2.  Why hasn’t it engaged a broad base of citizens?
3.  What we’re changing to make it work
4.  City Typology Outline
What we’re changing to make it work
Goal
• Strengthen citizen <-> government
communication channels with regards to
urban transportation delivery
Features &
functionality
• Integrate real-time traffic/navigation data
• Enable user > government data stream
• Enable government > user data stream
User acquisition
strategy
• Define clear value proposition for users
• Build key partnerships
• Launch targeted advertising campaigns
• User training on app functionality
RoadLab+
Designing a city typology
1
Identify a set of assumptions:
•  Government support for RL+
•  Presence of necessary tech
infrastructure
3
Narrow the list down to three unique factors that are
critical to the functioning of RoadLab+ and identify
three categories within each factor
Government
capacity to deal
with data
2
Develop a comprehensive list of all
factors that could influence the
design, functionality, or user
acquisition strategy for RoadLab+:
•  Population
•  Primacy
•  Density
•  Road quality
•  Income per capita / inequality
Primary types of
vehicles/traffic
Who maintains
roads?
High
Busses &
Paratransit
City Government
Medium
Motorbikes &
slow-moving
vehicles
State/National
Low
Private cars
moving at
adequate speed
Public-Private
Partnership
Outline
1.  What is RoadLab?
2.  Why hasn’t it engaged a broad base of citizens?
3.  What we’re changing to make it work
4.  City Typology Outline
Identifying key types of cities
Type #1: the “WorldLeading” city
Type #2: the
“Unconstrained” city
Type #3: the
“Impressionable” city
• Government has high
capacity to deal with data
• Mobility consists primarily
of cars moving at an
adequate speed
• Roads are maintained by
the municipal
government
• Government has low
capacity to deal with data
• Mobility consists largely
of busses, motos and
low-speed vehicles
• Roads are maintained by
a non-municipal
government
• Government has medium
capacity to deal with data
• Mobility consists primarily
of busses and paratransit
• Road are maintained by
a private or semi-private
enterprise
Type #4: the “UnderResourced, Capable”
city
• Government has medium
capacity to deal with data
• Mobility consists primarily
of cars moving at an
adequate speed
• Roads are maintained by
a non-municipal
government
Type #2: “The Unconstrained City”
Case study: Hanoi, Vietnam
Low Government capacity to
deal with data
Motorbikes & vehicles moving
at low speed
Non-municipal road
maintenance/management
Typology #2: “The Unconstrained City”
Why would citizens use RL+?
How would gov’t manage
data?
Ensuring gov’t accountability
through feedback loops
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Reduce vehicle maintenance
costs
Identify more efficient routes
Enhanced safety (i.e.
emergency services; motorbike optimized routes)
How would RL+ reach them?
• 
• 
Tailored incentives for specific
types of users (i.e. motorbike
drivers)
Partner with transportation
associations / providers
• 
Outsource data management
to a third party
Simplify the RL+ government
portal and data analysis
• 
• 
Make 3rd party provider
responsible for validating
completion of road fixes
Crowdsource feedback (Y/N
pop-up notification)
Public dashboard to display
pending and complete fixes
Questions?