The Complete Guide To Seawalls

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COMPLIMENTS
OF DANNSAPPAND SON,INC.
SERVING
FLORIDA'S
SEAWALLNEEDSFOROVER45YEARS
f i l : rrl
IN THISMANUALWAS COMPILED
INFORMATION
BY DANNSAPP& SON,INC. DANNSAPPAND
IN THE STATEOF FLORIDA,PRIMARILY
SON, INC. HAS OVER45 YEARSOF EXPERIENCE
SEAWALLS,BOTH
AND REPLACING
REpAtRtNG,
PINELLASCOUNTY,BU|LDING,DES|GNING,
ANDRESIDENTIAL.
COMMERClAL
THECONSUMER
IN MAKINGA,N
THISMANUALTO BENEFIT
DANNSAPP& SONHAS PUBLISHED
THEIRSEAWALL.
WHENDECIDING
OR REPLACE
EDUCATED
DECISTON
HOWTO REPATR
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HISTORYOF LOCALSEAWALLS.
TYPICALSEAWALLDETAIL.
MAJOR TYPESOF SEAWALLFAILURE
MAJOR TYPESOF SEAWALLFAILURECONTINUED.
CAN ANYTHINGBE DONETO PREVENTFAILURE.
MOST WIDELYEXCEPTEDFORMSOF SEAWALLREPAIR& REPLACEMENT.
SEALINGLEAKS.
DRAINS.
SECONDARY
ANCHORS.
OVERSIZED
CAP & ANCHORSYSTEM.
OVERSIZED
CAP & ANCHORSYSTEMCONTINUED
/ GUIDELINES.
BEAM & ANCHORSYSTEM.
BEAM & ANCHORSYSTEMCONTINUED
/ GUIDELINES.
BEAM & ANCHORSYSTEM& NEW CAP.
BEAM & ANCHORSYSTEMWITH CAP & ANCHOR.
NEW LOW SEAWALLlN FRONTOF EXISTINGSEAWALL.
NEW LOW SEAWALLIN FRONTOF EXISTINGSEAWALLCONTINUED./ CONS AND
GUIDELINES.
NEW SEAWALLlN FRONTOF EXISTINGSEAWALL.
NEW SEAWALLlN FRONTOF EXISTINGSEAWALLCONTINUED.
/ GUIDELINES.
NEW SEAWALLlN FRONTCF EXISTINGSEAWALLCONTINUED.
/ FINALNOTE.
GRADINGCHARTFORCOMMONSEAWALLREPAIRS.
COSTCOMPARISON
CHOOS]NGA MARINECONTRACTOR.
VISUAL INSPECTION
OUESTIONER.
A BRIEFHISTORYOF DANN SAPPAND SON, lNC.
HrsToRYqF LOCALSEAWALLS
PROPERTIES
THE MAJORITYOF WATERFRONT
ON THE WEST COAST OF FLORIDAWERE
THE 1950'5 AND 60'S. THESEAWALLS
DURING
USEDTO CONTAINTHESELARGE
DEVELOPED
WERECONCRETE
DEVELOPMENTS
AND ON THE MOSTPART THE SAMEBASICDESIGN. (AS
CAN BESEENBELOW.
BUTON THEMOSTPART
PAIDEXTRAFORBETTER
SEAWALLS,
SOMEDEVELOPERS
DESIGNED
DESIGN.
THE
REASONFORTHIS WAS
THE
LEAST
EXPENSIVE
CHOSE
DEVELOPERS
SEAWALL
THE
LESS
EXPENSIVE
SEAWALLSWERE
WITH
THEIR
TO STAY COMPETITIVE
COMPETITION.
THEY
HAVE
EXCEEDEDTHEIR
EXPECTEDTO LAST 20 TO 30 YEARS. IN MOST CASES
LIFESPAN.
DESIGNED
STRUCTURAL
COUNTY.
OF SEAWALLSHAVEFAILEDIN PINELLAS
SINCETHELATE1970'5LARGEAMOUNTS
MOST OF THE FAILURESWERE CAUSEDBY HEAVY RAIN FALL, TROPICALSTORMS,
BUT FORTHE
AND HIGHWINDSHAVEALSOPLAYEDA PARTIN THEFAILURES,
HURRICANES,
SEEMSTO DOTHEMOSTDAMAGE.
MOSTPARTRAINFALL
THE WEIGHTFROMTHE HEAVY RAINFALLHAS CAUSEDMANY SEAWALLFAILURES. IT
AGEAND DETERIORATE
SHOULDBE NOTEDTHAT AS YSARSPROCEED
AND THE SEAWALLS
THAT IT HAS BEENTAKING LESS AMOUNTSOF RAINFALLTO CAUSE A SEAWALLTO
HAS BEENTHECULPRIT.
COLLAPSE.IN SOMECASESOVERWATERING
COLLAPSE.tN SOME CASESOVERWATERINGHAS BEENTHE CULPRIT.
TYPICAL SEAWALL DETAIL
ANCHORFAILURE
CAUSES:
AGE
PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO
SALTWATER WHERE CORROSION HAS
DETERTORATED
THE ANCHOR ROD AND FASTENERSTO A POINT WHEN EXPOSED
TO EXCESS LOADING FROM BEHTNDPOSSIBLE FAILURE OF THE WALL CAN
occuR.
WARNINGSIGNSTHAT INDICATEPOSSIBLEFAILURE:
OUTWARD
MOVEMENT
MISALIGNMENTOF THE SEAWALL
OF THE ANCHORROD
DETERIORATION
THAT AN EXISTINGANCHORROD lS NOT RELIABLE,THE
NOTE: TO FULLYDETERMINE
ROD NEEDSTO BE EXPOSEDCOMPLETELYFROM THE SEAWALLCAP TO THE ANCHOR
DUE TO THE AMOUNT OF EXCAVATING REOUIRED, THIS IS NOT
BLOCK.
ECONOMICALLYFEASIBLE.
SEAWALLGAPFAILURE:
CAUSES:
AGE
PROLONGEDEXPOSURETO SALTI/VATER
WHERECORROSIONHAS CAUSED THE
REINFORCING
STEELIN THE SEAWALLCAP TO CORRODEAND EXPANDCAUSTNG
CRACKSTO DEVELOP. AS THE STEELCONTTNUES
TO CORRODEAND EXPAND,
PORTIONSOF THE CAP WILL BREAKOFF, THUS WEAKENINGTHE CAP. LEADTNG
TO FAILUREOF THE SEAWALL.
WARNINGSIGNSTHAT INDICATEPOSSIBLE
FAILURE:
OUTWARD
MOVEMENT.
MISALIGNMENTOF THE SEAWALL.
HORIZONTALCRACKSIN FACEAND TOP OF THE EXISTINGSEAWALLCAP.
ARE PIECESOF THE CAP MISSINGOR SIGNSWHERESECTIONSOF THE CAP ARE
ABOUT TO FALL OFF.
NOTE: HAIRLINECRACKSPERPENDICULAR
TO THE SEAWALLCAP ARE IN MOST
CASESNORMALSHRINKAGE
CRACKS.
CONTINUEDON NEXT PAGE
2
S E A WAL LSHEETPILEFAI LURE:
CAUSES:
AGE.
LOSS OF EERMIN FRONTOF THE SEAWALLCAUSINGTHE TOE OF THE SEAWALL
TO MOVE OUTWARDAT THE BOTTOM.
EXCESSLOADINGFROM BEHINDCAUSINGHORIZONTALCRACKSTO DEVELOPIN
THE SEAWALL SHEETPILES,EXPOSINGTHE REINFORCING
STEELIN THE SHEET
PILES TO SALTWATER. PROLONGEDEXPOSURETO THE HARSH ELEMENTS,
WEAKENSTHE SHEETPILES,WHICHWILL LEADTO FAILUREOF THE SEAWALL.
WARNING SIGNS THAT INDICATE POSSIBLE FAILURE:
OF THE SEAWALL.
MISALIGNMENT
OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE SEAWALL SHEET PILES (NORMALLY AT
BARNACLELINE}
HORIZONTALCRACKINGIN FACE OF THE SEAWALLSHEETPILES(NORMALLY
LOCATED AT BOTTOM OF SEAWALL CAP OR MID POINT OF THE SEAWALL)
NOTE: lT MAY BE NECESSARYTO REMOVESOME OF THE BARNACLESFROM
FACEOF THE SHEETPILESTO EXPOSETHE CRACKS.
SETTLINGOF FILL FROM BEHINDTHE SEAWALL DUE TO OUTWARD MOVEMENT
OF THE SHEETPILES.
YES, BUT DECIDINGWHAT TO DO CAN BE VERY COMPLICATED.TO MAKE MATTERS WORST
TO 8E EXPERTSHAVE
SOME INDIVIDUALS,AND SOME MARINE CONTRACTORSPROFESSING
LITTLE OR NO EXPERIENCE IN UNDERSTANDINGTHE CAUSES OF PREMATURESEAWALL
FAILURE. IN SOME CASES THEY GIVE POOR ADVTCEON REPAIRING
ONLY THE OBVIOUS
PROBLEMS THE MORE SIGNIFICANTPROBLEMSARE IGNORED, LEAVING THE SEAWALL
PRONETO FAILUREAND MORE EXPENSEFOR THE HOMEOWNER.AN EASY GUIDETO DETECT
COMMON SIGNS OF SEAWALL PROBLEMSIS INCLUDED IN THIS MANUAL AS A VISUAL
.
INSPECTION
OUESTIONER
3
MOSTWIDELY EXCEPTEDFORMSOF
SEAWALLREPAIR& RtrPLACEMENT
SEALING
LEAKS
DRAlNS
REPAIRS}
STRUCTURAL
INOTCONSIOERED
BEAM& ANCHORSYSTEM
CAP & ANCHORSYSTEM
OVERSIZEO
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SEALINGLEAKS
D E S C R IP T ION :
SEALINGLEAKSIS NORMALLYDONEBY FILLINGOBVIOUSLEAKS,CRACKS,AND VERTICAL
SEAMS ABOVE THE WATER WITH A MIXTUREOF MASONRY,OR PORTLANDCEMENT&
SAND. BELOWTHE WATERA SPECIALCEMENTMIXTUREDESIGNED
FOR UNDERWATER
USE
SUCHAS WATERPLUGIS USED.
PROS:
SEALSTHE SEAWALL& STOPSEROSION
OF SOILFROMBEHINDTHE SEAWALL.
CONS:
IT IS IMPORTANTTO REMEMBER
THAT SEALINGLEAKSCAUSESMOREWATER PRESSURE
TO
BUILDUP BEHINDTHE SEAWALLAND CAN CAUSETHE SEAWALLTO FAIL.
SEALINGSHOULDONLY BE DONE ON SEAWALLSTHAT ARE STRUCTURALLY
SOUND OR
HAVE BEENPROPERLY
REPAIRED.
G U I D EL IN E S :
GROUTINGOF VERTICALSEAMSSHOULDFILLTHE ENTIRESEAM, INCLUDING1 FOOTBELOW
THE MUDLINE.
DRAINS
D E S C R I P T ION :
DRAINS ARE HOLES INSTALLEDIN A SEAWALL, NORMALLYJUST ABOVE THE BARNACLE
LINE. AFTER DRILLINGA HOLETHROUGHTHE SEAWALL, A SHORTPIECEOF PVC PIPEWITH
SOMETYPEOF FILTERCLOTHIS INSTALLED.
PROS:
OF WATERPRESSURE
FROMBEHINDTHE SEAWALLIS WISE.
IN THEORYTHE RELIEVING
CO N S:
EVENTHEBESTOF DRAINSDO LITTLEMORETHANALLOWA SLOWDRIP.DURINGA HEAVY
THE
RAINFALLA HANDFULOF DRIPPINGPIPESDO LITTLEOR NOTHINGTO RELTEVE
PRESSURE
FROMTHERAINFALL.
ENORMOUS
DO MUCHMORETO PREVENT
REPAIRS
IT SHOULDBE NOTEDTHAT STRUCTURAL
SEAWALL
FAILURE.
TNSTALLINGDRAINS ONLY, WITHOUT STRUCTURALREPAIRSTO THE SEAWALL, IS
A WASTEOF MONEY.THEOWNERWOULDBE BETTER
OFFTO CONSERVE
HIS
CONSIDERED
REPAIR
TO THESEAWALL.
TO DO A STRUCTURAL
FUNDSUNTILSUCHTIMEHECANAFFORD
G U I D E L IN E S :
THEN THE HOLESDRILLEDTHROUGHTHE SEAWALL
IF ONLY DRAINSARE TO BE INSTALLED,
SHOULD
BE
LOCATED
AT
FOR THE DRATNS
THE VERTICALJOINTS IN THE SEAWALLPANELS
STRUCTURAL
DAMAGE
TO
PREVENT
THE
TO
SEAWALL.
5
""JHim
714
ANCHOR BLOCK
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DESCRIP TION:
ANCHORSWEREDESIGNED
SECONDARY
TO THE EXISTINGANCHORS.
AS A SUPPLEMENT
THEYCONSISTOF A 1 INCHDIAMETER
COALTAR EPOXYCOATEDSTEELRODS,12' LONG,
16" (WHEREPOSSIBLE),
BUT PREFERABLY
ENCASEDIN PVC AND ANCHOREDWITH A
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
DEADMAN.(APR.48"WIDEX18"HIGHX12"THICK.
PROS:
THE PORTION
STRUCTURALLY
SUPPORTS
OF THE SEAWALLTHAT IS ANCHORED.
CONS:
SUPPORTS
ONLY THAT PORTIONOF THE WALL ANCHOREDLEAVINGTHE SEAWALLPRONE
TO FAILUREIN OTHERAREAS.
WHENA SEAWALLONLYNEEDSUPPERSUPPORT.
SHOULDBE USEDPRIMARILY
(WHICH IS SELDOM DONE} HAS LIFE SPAN OF
IF NOT RE.COATEDPERIODICALLY
1O
YEARS.
APPROXIMATELY
G U I D E L IN E S :
SHOULDBE ONLY INSTALLEDWHEN ONLY UPPERSUPPORTIS REOUIRED.ANCHORSDO
LITTLETO STOPA MID POINTOR MUDLINEFAILURE.
ANCHORS
BLOCKSSHOULDBE INSTALLED
AS DEEPAS POSSIBLE.
IIN MOSTCASES3'-6" TO
4"6" TO THE BOTTOMOF THE BLOCKIS A GOODRULEOF THUMB.)
ANCHORBLOCKSSHOULDBE INSTALLEDLANDWARDOF THE SEAWALLAS FAR BACK AS
16' AND IF NECESSARY
POSSIBLE
PREFERABLY
CUTTINGA POOLDECKTO ACHIEVETHIS
DISTANCE
IS NOTOUTOFTHEOUESTION.
N E W C ON C N E TEC A P
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DESCRIPTION:
THE OVERSIZED
CAP WAS DESIGNED
TO REPLACE
AN EXISTING
CAP WHICHIS IN POOR
CONDITION.THELARGECAP IS DESIGNED
TO EXTENDFURTHER
DOWNTHE FACEOF THE
THANTHEPREVIOUS
EXISTING
SEAWALL
CAP. (NORMALLY
24' DEEPON THEFRONTSIDE).
THELOADON THESEAWALL
THEREFORE
REDUCING
PANELS
AS MUCHAS 5O%.
THENEWCAPIS TO BECONNECTED
TO A SYSTEM
SPACED
OF NEWANCHORS
10 FOOTON
CENTER.
PROS:
INSTALLED
ON A SEAWALLWITH NO HORIZONTAL
WHENPROPERLY
CRACKSAND GOOD
IT CAN EXTEND
THELIFEOF THESTRUCTURE
GROUNDPENETRATION,
20 YEARSOR MORE.
SHOULD
LAST50 YEARS.
THENEWCAPANDANCHORS
CONS:
THE UPPERPORTIONOF THE SEAWALL.THIS WILL LEAVE
THIS SYSTEMONLY SUPPORTS
TO MIDPOINT
ORMUDLINE
FAILURES.
THEWALLPRONE
SHOULD
LAST50 YEARS,BUTTHELOWERPORTION
THECAP& ANCHORS
OFTHESEAWALL
MAY NOTLASTAS LONG.
CONTINUEDON NEXT PAGE
7
GUIDELINES:
THESEAWALL
PANELS
NEWCAPSHOULDONLYBE INSTALLED
AREIN
AFTERDETERMINING
AND STILLHAVEADEOUATE
GOODCONDITION,
PENETRATION.
PRIORTO REMOVING
THE
THE NEW CAP ANCHORSSHOULDBE INSTALLED
& TIGHTENED
AS SECONDARTES,
EXISTING
CAP. NEWANCHORS
SHOULDFOLLOWTHESAMEGUIDELINES
BUTBESPACED1OFOOTON CENTER.
ANCHORS
WHICHIS NOT
TO INSTALL
IF THEOWNERELECTS
A NEWCAPUSINGEXISTING
BECAUSE
THECAPIS ONLYAS GOODAS ITSANCHORSYSTEM,THENTHE
RECOMMENDED
CAP AND ANCHOR
PR]CESHOULDBE ABOUT 112 OF THE PRICEOF A NEW COMPLETE
SYSTEM.
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DESCRIPTION:
THE BEAMAND ANCHORSYSTEMCONSISTOF A POUREDIN PLACEREINFORCED
CONCRETE
ALONGTHE WATERSIDEOF THE SEAWALL,
BEAM. THE NEW BEAM IS TO BE INSTALLED
NORMALLYAT MID POINTBETWEENTHE TOP AND BOTTOMOF THE EXISTINGSEAWALL.
THE BEAM IS ATTACHEDTO THE SEAWALLBY A SYSTEMOF NEW ANCHORSSPACED8
ALONGTHE SEAWALL.
FOOTON CENTER
PROS:
STRUCTURALLYSUPPORTSA LARGERPORTIONOF THE SEAWALLTHAN JUST SECONDARY
ANCHORS.
NO MAINTENANCE.
REOUIRES
ON A SEAWALLTHAT IS IN
WHEN A BEAM AND ANCHORSYSTEMIS INSTALLEOPROPERLY
HAS
ADEOUATE
INTO
THE GROUND,.THEBEAM
STILL
PENETRATION
AND
FAIR CONDITION,
A WALL FAILUREFOR20 YEARSOR MORE.
AND ANCHORSYSTEMCAN PREVENT
CONS:
THE BEAMAND ANCHORSYSTEMIS IN SERVICE,
IT IS TO BE EXPECTED
DURINGTHE PER]OD
THAT THE EXISTINGSEAWALLCAP MAY NEEDREPLACING.
INSTALLEOBEAM AND ANCHORSYSTEMlN PLACE,THE CAP lS
NOTE: WITH A PROPERLY
AS
MUCH
FOR STRUCTURAL
SUPPORT,AND CAN BE REPLACEDAT THE
UPON
RELIED
NOT
OWNERSCONVIENCE.
CONTINUED
ON NEXTPAGE
I
GUIDELINES:
BEFORECHOOSINGA BEAM AND ANCHOR SYSTEM,THE SEAWALL SHOULD HAVE
PENETRATION,
ADEOUATE
AND BEIN FAIRCONDITION.
SEVERE
HORIZONTAL
CRACKS,OR MOVEMENT
OF THESEAWALLMAY INDICATE
THAT THE
SEAWALLNEEDSMORESTRUCTURAL
THE
THAN
BEAMAND ANCHORSYSTEM.
SUPPORT
NEWANCHORSYSTEMS
SHOULDFOLLOWTHESAMEGUIDELINES
AS SECONDARIES,
BUTBE
SPACED8 FOOTON CENTER.
ANGLESHOULDBE.INSTALLED
A FULL45 DEGREE
AT THE BOTTOMOF THE NEW BEAM.
ANGLEIS IMPORTANT
THIS45 DEGREE
AS IT DEFLECTS
WAVEACTIONAND ACTSAS NOISE
ABATEMENT.
10
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D E S C R I P T ION :
THIS BEPAIRSYSTEMIS THE SAME AS A NORMALBEAM AND ANCHORSYSTEM,BUT IS
USEDIN CASESWEREA NEW CAP IS NECESSARY.
THE EXISTING
CAP IS REMOVEDAFTER
THE BEAM & ANCHORSYSTEMIS IN PLACE. THEN A NEW CAP IS INSTALLEDUSTNGTHE
EXISTINGANCHORSFROMTHE PREVIOUS
CAP.
PROS:
!N A LOT OF CASESTHIS REPAIRSYSTEMCOVERSENOUGHOF THE MOST COMMON
THAT ANY FUTUREWORKSHOULDNOT BE EXPECTED
PROBLEMS
FOR20 YEARSOR MORE.
CONS:
THE NEW CAP IS RELYINGUPONTHE EXISTINGANCHORSFORSTRUCTURAL
SUPPORT.THE
EXISTINGANCHORSSHOULDBE AT LEAST IN FAIR CONDITION. IN CASES WERE THE
AND CANNOTBE RELIEDUPON,THEN IT MUST
EXISTINGANCHORSARE IN POORCONDITION
IF THE NEW BEAM CAN BE TOTALLY RELIEDUPON FOR STRUCTURAL
BE DETERMINED
SUPPORTOF THE SEAWALL.
OWNERSHOULDCOMPARECOSTOF THIS REPAIRTO COSTFORA NEW SEAWALL, IN MANY
IN FRONTOF THE EXISTINGSEAWALLIS
CASESTHE COSTFORA NEW SEAWALLINSTALLED
MORE.
ABOUT25 PERCENT
G U I D E L IN E S :
AS A NEWBEAMAND ANCHORSYSTEM.
FOLLOWTHESAMEGUIDELINES
THE EXISTINGSEAWALLCAP SHOULDNOT 8E REMOVEDUNTIL AFTER THE BEAM AND
ANCHORSYSTEMIS IN PLACE.
THISREPAIR,
IT SHOULDBE DETERMINED
IF THEEXISTING
BEFORE
CHOOSING
SEAWALLHAS
INTOTHE GROUND.
ADEOUATEPENETRATION
11
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DESCRIPTION:
THIS REPAIRSYSTEM IS THE SAME AS A NORMAL BEAM AND ANCHOR SYSTEM, BUT IS
USEDIN CASESWEREA NEW CAP AND ANCHORSARE ALSO REOUIRED.THE EXISTINGCAP
IS REMOVEDAFTERTHE BEAM AND ANCHOR SYSTEMIS IN PLACE. THEN A NEW CAP IS
INSTALLEDWITH NEW ANCHORS. IN MOST CASES THE NEW CAP UTILIZESTHE SAME
ANCHORBLOCKAS THE NEW BEAMSYSTEM.
PROS:
THIS SYSTEMCOVERSTHE MOST COMMON PROBLEMS,AND ANY FUTUREWORK SHOULD
FOR20 YEARSOR MORE.
NOT BE EXPECTED
C O N S:
THE REPAIRCOST ON THIS SYSTEMIS CLOSETO THE COST FORA NEW SEAWALL. IF THE
THAT A NEW SEAWALL IN FRONT OF THE
FUNDS ARE AVAILABLE,IT IS RECOMMENDED
EXISTINGSEAWALLBE INSTALLED.
G U I D EL IN E S :
AS A NEW BEAMAND ANCHORSYSTEM.
FOLLOWTHE SAME GUIDELINES
THE NEW BEAM AND NEW CAP ANCHORS ARE NORMALLY INSTALLEDIN THE SAME
ANCHORBLOCK.
CONCRETE
INTOTHE GROUND.
THE EXISTINGSEAWALLSHOULDHAVE ADEOUATEPENETRATION
12
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DESCRIPTION:
THE NEW LOW SEAWALLIS INSTALLEDDIRECTLYIN FRONTOF AN EXISTINGSEAWALL. THE
TOP ELEVATIONOF THE NEW SEAWALLIS LOWERTHAN THE EXISTING,NORMALLY2 TO 3
FEETBELOWTOP OF THE EXISTING
SEAWALLCAP.
THAT ALUMINUMSHEETPILESOR PRECASTCONCRETE
THE DESIGNREOUIRES
SHEETPILES
BE INSTALLEDDIRECTLYIN FRONTOF THE EXISTINGSEAWALL.AFTERPILEINSTALLATIONIS
A NEW REINFORCED
CONCRETE
COMPLETE,
CAP AND NEW ANCHORSYSTEMIS INSTALLED.
PROS:
THIS SYSTEMCAN BE INSTALLEDPRIORTO FAILUREOR WEREMODERATEMOVEMENTHAS
OCCURRED.
A NEW LOW SEAWALLCAN BE INSTALLEDAT A LESSERCOST THAN A COMPLETENEW
SEAWALL
TO LAST 50 YEARS.
IT CAN 8E EXPECTED
IF THIS SYSTEMIS INSTALLEDPROPERLY.
C ON T IN U E D
ON N E X TP A GE
13
C O N S:
-rils
ls
oR THEDESIGN
lNcoRREcrLY,
sysrEM, uNLEsstr ts TNSTALLED
ts AN EXcELLENT
FROM
DIFFER
AND SPECIFICAT]ONS
BE NOTEDTHAT DESIGNS
INFERIOR.IT SHOULD
CONTRACTORTO CONTRACTOR. IT IS IMPORTANTTHAT BEFORECHOOSINGA
THAT THE OWNERCOMPAREMORE THAN THE PRICE. MANY INFERIOR
CONTRACTOR
CAP, AND RELY ON
CONCRETE
DESIGNSHAVE NO ANCHORSYSTEMOR REINFORCED
BOLTINGTHE SHEETPILESTO THE EXISTINGSEAWALLBY USING EITHERWOOD OR
ALUMINUM WHALERS. IN MOST CASES, THE LOWER PRICE IS DUE TO LESSER
DEAL.
AND WILLNOTBETHEBETTER
SPECIFICATIONS
GUIDELINES:
THE NEW SEAWALL SHEETPILESSHOULD PENETRATETHE EXISTINGGROUNDA MINIMUM
OF 40 PERCENT
OF THEIRLENGTH.
THE NEW SHEETPILESUSEDSHOULDBE STRUCTURALLY
TO MEETTHE REOUIRED
DES]GNED
LOADS.
WHEN CHOOSINGALUMINUM SEAWALL SHEETPILES,THE THICKNESSOF THE METAL IS
VERY IMPORTANT& CAN EFFECTTHE COST DRASTICALLY. SHEETPILESLESS THAN .125'
SHOULDNOT BE USED.
CONCRETESHEETPILESUPTO 12 FOOTLONG SHOULDBE A MINIMUM OF 6INCHES THICK.
SIZE OF THE HORIZONTALAND VERTICALREINFORCING
STEELIN SHEETPILESUP TO 12
FOOT LONG SHOULD HAVE #5 VERTICALBARS SPACED6 INCHESON CENTEBAND #3
HORIZONTAL
BARSSPACED24 INCHESON CENTER,
CHOOSINGALTERNATIVESHEETPILESSUCH AS VINYL, PLASTIC,FIBERGLASS
AND PVC ARE
NOT RECOMMENDEDFOR SEAWALLS EXCEEDING5 FOOT lN HEIGHT. NOTE: THESE
PRODUCTSHAVE ONLY BEENIN USE IN THIS AREA FOR ONLY A SHORTPERIODOF TIME.
USE OF THESEPRODUCTS
SHOULDBE DONECAUTIOUSLY.
FILLINGTHE VOID BETWEENTHE OLD & NEW SEAWALL SHEET PILESWITH CONCRETEIS
VERY IMPORTANT,AND SHOULDBE INSISTEDUPON BY THE OWNER,NO MATTER WHICH
SHEETPILESARE TO BE INSTALLED.
IF ALUMINUM SHEETPILESARE USED,CONTACTOF DISSIMILARMETALSSHOULDNOT BE
ALLOWED.
CONTRACTORSHOULD PROVIDEA TEN YEAR STRUCTURALWARRANTY FOR THE NEW
SEAWALL.
SEEFINALNOTESUNDER
NEW SEAWALLIN FRONTOF EXISTINGSEAWALL
14
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DESCRIPTION:
THIS IS A NEW SEAWALL, WHICH IS INSTALLED DIRECTLYIN FRONT OF AN EXISTING
SEAWALL. THIS DESIGNREOUIRES
THAT ALUMINUMOR PRECASTCONCRETESHEETPILES
BE INSTALLEDDIRECTLYIN FRONTOF THE EXISTINGSEAWALL. AFTERTHE SHEETPILES
HAVE BEEN INSTALLED,THEN A NEW REINFORCED
CONCRETECAP IS INSTALLEDTHAT IS
LARGEENOUGHTO COVEREOTHTHE OLD AND NEW SHEETPILES. THIS CAP IS CONNECTED
TO A NEW ANCHORSYSTEM.
PROS:
THIS SYSTEMCAN BE INSTALLEDPRIORTO FAILUREOR WEREMODERATEMOVEMENTHAS
OCCURRED. THE NEW SEAWALLCAN BE USED TO CORRECTSOME MISALIGNMENTAND
RAISETHE ELEVATIONOF THE EXISTINGSEAWALL.
IF THE NEW SEAWALLIS INSTALLEDPROPERLY
IT CAN BE EXPECTED
TO I.AST 50 YEABS.
CONS:
THERE ARE NO PROBLEMSWITH THIS TYPE OF NEW SEAWALL SYSTEM, UNLESS IT IS
OR THE DESIGN IS INFERIOR. IT SHOULD gE NOTED THAT
INSTALLEDINCORRECTLY,
FOR NEW SEAWALLS DIFFER FROM CONTRACTOR TO
&
SPECIFICATIONS
DESIGNS
CONTRACTOR. IT IS IMPORTANTTHAT BEFORECHOOSINGA CONTRACTORTHAT THE
OWNERCOMPARESMORETHAN THE PRICE. IN A MAJORITYOF CASES,THE LOWERPRICE
AND WOULD NOT ALWAYS BE THE
WILL GIVE THE OWNERLESS IN THE SPECIFICATIONS
BETTERDEAL.
CONTINUEDON NEXT PAGE
15
GUIDELINES:
THENEWSEAWALLSHEETPILESSHOULDPENETRATE
THE EXISTING
GROUNDA MINIMUM
OF 40 PERCENT
OFTHEIRLENGTH.
THENEWSHEETPILESUSEDSHOULDBESTRUCTURALLY
DESIGNED
TO MEETTHEREOUIRED
LOADS.
WHENCHOOSING
ALUMINUMSEAWALLSHEETPILES,THE THICKNESS
OF THE METALIS
VERYIMPORTANT
& CAN EFFECT
THE COSTDRASTICALLY.
SHEETPILESLESSTHAN .125"
NOTBEUSED.
SHOULD
CONCRETE
SHEETPILESUPTO 12 FOOTLONGSHOULDBEA MINTMUM
OF 6 INCHESTHICK.
SIZEOF THE HORIZONTAL
AND VERTICALREINFORCING
STEELIN SHEETPILESUP TO 12
FOOTLONG SHOULDHAVE #5 VERTICALBARS SPACED6 INCHESON CENTERAND #3
HORIZONTAL
BARSSPACED
24 INCHES
ON CENTER.
ALTERNATIVE
CHOOSING
SHEETPILESSUCHAS VINYL,PLASTIC,
FIBERGLASS
AND PVCARE
NOT RECOMMENDED
FOR SEAWALLSEXCEEDING
5 FOOT lN HEIGHT. E[!:
THESE
PRODUCTS
HAVEONLYBEENIN USEIN THIS AREAFORONI.YA SHORTPERIODOF TIME.
USEOFTHESEPRODUCTS
SHOULDBEDONECAUTIOUSLY.
FILLINGTHE VOID BETWEEN
THE OLD & NEW SEAWALLSHEETPILESWITH CONCRETE
IS
VERYIMPORTANT,
AND SHOULDBE INSISTED
UPONBY THE OWNER,NO MATTERWHICH
ARETO BEINSTALLED.
SHEETP]LES
THENEWSEAWALLCAP SHOULDBE LARGEENOUGH
TO COVERTHEOLDAND NEW SHEET
PILES.
IF ALUMINUMSHEETPILESARE USED,CONTACTOF DISSIMILAR
METALSSHOULDNOT BE
ALLOWED.
SHOULDPROVIDE
CONTRACTOR
A TEN YEAR STRUCTURAL
WARRANTYFOR THE NEW
SEAWALL.
CONTINUEDON NEXT PAGE
16
FINALNOTESON ALUMINUMAND VINYL SHEETPILES.
DANNSAPPANDSON,INC.,HASBEENUSINGALUMINUM
SHEETPILESIN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SEAWALLS
SINCE1977.SINCETHEN,DANNSAPPANDSON,INC.HAS
OVER30 MILESOF SEAWALLUSINGTHIS PRODUCT.OVER95O/O
INSTALLED
OF THESE
INSTALLATIONS
INVOLVED
INSTALLING
A NEW ALUMINUMSEAWALLIN FRONTOF AN
EXISTINGCONCRETESEAWALLAND FILLINGTHE VOID BETWEENTHE ALUMINUM
SHEETPILESANDTHEEXISTING
SEAWALL
TO GROUNDLEVEL.
WITHCONCRETE,
THE REMA]NING
5%WEREINSTALLATIONS
NO EXISTING
THERE
WAS
SEAWALL
WHERE
ANDTHEALUMINUMSHEETSPILESALONGWITHA CONCRETECAPANDANCHORSYSTEM
THENBACKFILLED
WHEREINSTALLED
WITHFILLDIRT.
OVERTHE YEARSDANNSAPPAND SON, INC,,HAS HAD MANYOPPORTUNITIES
TO
THESEINSTALLATIONS,
OBSERVE
AND OTHERS]NSTALLED
BY OTHERCONTRACTORS.
INSTALLED
THE ONLYSEAWALLS
BY DANNSAPPAND SON,INC.FOUNDTO HAVEANY
WEREOF THE5% WHERETHEREWASNO EXISTING
PROBLEMS
SEAWALL.IT WASDISCOVERED
THATCONTAMINATES
IN THE SOILON THE LANDWARD
SIDEOF THE SHEET
PILESCAUSED
MINORCORROSION
IN RANDOM
AREASOFTHEALUMINUM
SHEETPILES.
THE REMAINING
95O/"
OF INSTALLATIONS
BY DANNSAPPANDSON,INC.HAVENOTBEEN
HAVING
OBSERVED
ANYTYPEOF CORROSION
PROBLEM.
IT HASBECOME
APPARENTTHAT
SHEETPILESIN FRONT
BY INSTALLINGTHE
ALUMINUM
OF AN EXISTINGSEAWALLAND FILLINGTHEVOIDBETWEENTHEOLDWALLANDTHE NEW
SEAWALLWITH CONCRETE,
THATTHE EXISTINGSEAWALLAND CONCRETEFILLER
SHIELDSTHE ALUMINUM
FROMANY SOILCONTAMINATES,
BUT 1TSHOULDBE NOTED,
THATDANNSAPPANDSON,INC.HASALSOOBSERVEDMANYALUMINUMINSTALLATIONS
BY
OTHERCONTRACTORS
WHERETHEALUMINUM
WASCORRODING.
IT WASDISCOVERED
THATTHE CONTRACTORS
DID NOTFILLTHE VOIDBETWEEN
THE OLD AND NEWSEAWALLSWITHCONCRETE,
BUTRATHERUSEDDIRTOR NOTHING
ATALL.
WITHALMOST
30YEARS
OF EXPERIENCE
IT ISTHEOPINION
OF DANN
USINGALUMINUM,
SAPPANDSON,INC.,THATTHECORROSION
ALUMINUM
PROBLEMS
WITH
WERECAUSED
BY EITHERSOILCOMINGIN CONTACTWITHTHE ALUMINUMON THE LANDWARDSIDEOF
THEALUMINUM
SHEETPILESOR ELECTROLYSIS,
CAUSEDBYTWODISSIMILAR
METALS
COMINGIN CONTACT
WITHEACHOTHER,A SITUATION
THATIS EASILYAVOIDED.
DUETO OUR SUCCESS
W]THALUMINUM,
IT OVERVINYLWHEN
WE RECOMMEND
]NSTALLING
IN FRONTOF AN EXISTINGSEAWALL.lN MOST CASESWHERESHEET
LENGTHSARE 12 FT OR LESSDANNSAPPAND SON, INC.WILLOFFERVINYLAS AN
OPTION,BUTWARNSTHEPRODUCT
HASONLYBEENUSEDINTH]SAREAFORAPPROXIMATELY
lOYEARSANDHASBEENOBSERVED
HAVINGSTRUCTURAL
PROBLEMS
WHERE
WALLSINSTALLEDHAVINGA VERTICALHEIGHTOF 7 FT OR MORE FROMTHE BAY BOTTOMTOTOPOF SEAWALL.
ITSHOULDBENOTEDTHATTHESE
PROBLEMS
IN MOSTCASES
MAYHAVEBEENCAUSED
BYTHECONTRACTOR
NOTUSINGTHEPROPER
SHEETPILEOR
FILLINGTHEVOIDBETWEENTHE OLD AND NEWSEAWALLWITHDIRI GRAVEL,OR NOTH.
INGATALLTO AVOIDTHECOSTOF FILLING
THEVOIDWITHCONCRETE.
IN CLOSING
DANNSAPPANDSON,INC.FEELSTHE
MOSTIMPORTANT
FACTORS
A HOME.
OWNERSHOULDOBSERVE
WHENHAVINGA NEWSEAWALL
INSTALLED
ISTO CHOOSEA
CONTRACTOR
WITHA LONGHISTORY
OF INSTALLING
SEAWALLS.
BE SURETHESEAWALL
DESIGNHASBEENAPPROVED
BYAN ENGINEER
ANDMOSTIMPORTANTLY
INSISTING
THE
VOIDBETWEEN
THEOLDANDNEWSEAWALL
BE FILLEDWITHCONCRETE.
17
GRADINGCHARTFORCOMMONSEAWALLREPAIRS
IS BASEDON NUMBERS
GRADING
FROM1TO 20 (20BEINGTHEBEST)
TYPESOF REPAIRS
STRUCTURAL LONGTERM AVEMGE COSTCOMPARED
VALUE
VALUE
TO COSTFORNEW SEAWALL
JEALLEAKS
0
0
3o/o
INSTALLDRAINS
0
1
3%
ANCHORS
SECONDARY
8'ONCENTER
SPACED
5
4
30o/o
3APAND ANCHORS
I
I
5Oo/o
]EAM AND ANCHORS
11
10
45o/o
BEAMAND ANCHORS
WTH NEWCAP
14
13
75o/o
BEAMANDANCHORS
WTH NEWCAPANDANCHORS
16
16
85%
NEWLOWSEAWALL
IN FRONTOF EXISTING
18
17
90o/o
NEW SEAWALL
IN FRONTOF EXISTINGSEAWALL
20
20
10Oo/o
AFTERMAJOR FAILURE
NEW SEAWALL
SPRINKLERS
SOD DAMAGEDAREA
LANDSCAPE
FILLDIRT
TOTAL
BEFOREFAILURE
$22,000.00
$27,700.00
1,400.00
1,700.00
1,200.00
'-"1Hff3
N/A
$33,000.00
--L@99.
TOTAL
-ula.
$22,500.00
COST
GOMPARISON
ISBASED
UPON
2006AVERAGE
COST
FORStlLINEAL
FEET
OFNEWSEAWALL.
PRICES
SUBJECT
TOCHANGE
WITHOUT
NOTICE.
18
PLANS& SPECS.MAKESUREYOU ARECOMPARING
COMPARE
APPLESTO APPLES.IN MANY
CASESTHELOWESTBID15NOTTHEBESTVALUE.
OUALITY& WORKMANSHIP.
COMPARE
PREVIOUS
LOOKAT CONTRACTORS
WORK IN MOSTCASESTHIS WILL BE THE
PHYSICALLY
FACTOR.
DECIDING
THERECAN BE A FINEIMPOSED
CHECKFORLICENSE,
UPONTHE HOMEOWNER
IF FOUND
A
WITHOUT
GUILTYOFHIRING CONTRACTOR
A PROPER
LICENSE.
IS IN GOOD STANDINGWITH LOCAL EUILDING
CHECKTO SEE IF THE CONTRACTOR
DEPARTMENT.
REOUIRE THAT THE CONTRACTOR SUPPLY YOU WITH PROOF OF WORKMAN'S
DOESNOT HAVE IT, AND ONE OF HIS EMPLOYEES
COMPENSATION.IF A CONTRACTOR
ARE
YOU COULDBE LIABLE.
INJUREDON YOURPROPERTY,
WILL THE CONTRACTORGIVEANY TYPEOF STRUCTURALWARRANTY?
HOW LONG HAS THE CONTRACTORBEEN IN BUSINESS,WILL HE BE THERETO HONOR THE
WARRANTY,IF NECESSARY.
DOES THE CONTRACTORHAVE AN EXPERIENCED
WORKFORCETHAT IS LARGE ENOUGH TO
COMPLETETHE CONTRACTIN A TIMELYMANNER.
EVERYCONTRACTORHAS THEREOWN DESIGNS,SOME ARE BETTERTHAN OTHERS.
FROMOTHERCUSTOMERS.
ASK FORREFERENCES
BE CAREFULOF CONTRACTORSREOUIRINGMONEY UP FRONT. THERE HAVE BEEN CASES
HAVE OBTAINEDA DEPOSITAND NEVERRETURNED
WHERECONTRACTORS
TO COMPLETETHE
CONTRACT. PAYMENTSSHOULD BE MADE ONLY ON COMPLETEDWORK. THE OWNER
SHOULDRETAINA LARGEENOUGHPORTIONOF THE CONTRACTAMOUNT TO INSURETHE
JOB'S COMPLETION.FINALPAYMENTSHOULDNOT BE PAID UNTILWORK IS COMPLETEDTO
AND THE CONTRACTOR
PROVIDES
A FINALRELEASE
OWNER'SSATISFACTION,
OF LIEN
19
TO BEOUTOF LINE
1. DOESTHE SEAWALLAPPEAR
IN ANY WAY
TOPOF CAPNOT LEVELOR IRREGULAR
WALL LEANINGOUTAT TOP
YES_NO_
YES_NO_
YES_NO_
FROMBEHINDTHESEAWALL
2 . IS THERESIGNSOFSOILERODING
YES_NO
CRACKS
3 . DOESTHESEAWALLCAPHAVEHORIZONTAL
NOTE: HAIRLINECRACKSPERPENDICULAR
TO THECAPARElN
MOSTCASESNORMALSHRINKAGE
CRACKS.
YES
NO
OFTHECAPMISSING,
4, ARETHEREPIECES
ORSIGNSOFSECTIONS
OFTHECAPABOUTTO FALLOFF.
YES_NO_
ARETHEREANY HORIZONTAL
CRACKSIN THESEAWALLSLABS
JUSTBELOWTHESEAWALLCAP.
YES
CRACKSIN THESEAWALLSLABS
6. ARETHEREANY HORIZONTAL
IN ORAROUNDTHEBARNACLE
LINE.
YES
NO
NoTE: lF ANY oF THE OUESTIONSABOVE WERE ANSWEREDWITH A IEg,.lT lS ADVISABLE TO
RECOMMENDTHAT A OUALIFIEDENGINEEROR MARINE CONTRACTORDO A MORE EXTENSIVE
INSPECTIONOF THE SEAWALL.
IN MANY CASES, EVEN IF ALL OF THE ANSWERS ARE NQ, THE SEAWALL SHOULD STILL BE
LOOKEDAT BY A OUALIFIEDENGINEEROR MARINE CONTRACTOR,WHO CAN RECOMMEND
POSSIBLEPREVENTIVEMEASURES,TO INSURETHE SEAWALL WILL CONTINUETO PROTECTTHE
PROPERTY
FOR MANY YEARSTO COME.
20
DANN SAPP AND SON, INC IS A FAMILYOWNEDAND OPERATEDMARINE
CONSTRUCTION
BUSINESSSPECIALIZING
IN THE PLANNING,DESIGN,AND
CONSTRUCTION
OF NEWSEAWALLS,
REPAIRS
TO EXISTING
AND CUSTOMIZED
SEAWALLS,BOTH RESIDENTIAL
AND COMMERCIAL,
OFFERINGSTATEWIDE
SERVICE.
THECOMPANYWAS
FORMEDtN 1977. tT'SPRESIDENIPETERSAPPHASOVER
30YEARSEXPERIENCE,
AND HOLDSSTATELICENSES
FORTHEFOLLOWING
MARINESPECIALTY
CONTRACTOR
BUILDING
CONTRACTOR
SWIMMING
POOLCONTRACTOR
c-3886
cB-co25120
cP-co26510
SINCETHE START,DANNSAPPAND SON HAVELEADTHEWAYIN DESIGNING,
INSTALLING,
ANDREPAIRING
THEIRDESIGNS
SEAWALLS
IN PINELLAS
COUNTY.
AND QUALITY
WORKMANSHIP
HAVEDOMINATED
THE PINELLASCOUNTY
INDUSTRY.
CONSTRUCTION
PETERSAPPISVERYPROUDOF HISOUTSTANDING
REPUTATION
FORHONESTY,
AND MOSTOF ALL CUSTOMER
QUALITY,
SATISFACTION.
PLEASEKEEPOURPHONENUMBERFORANY OF YOURSEAWALLNEEDS.
MARINE
DIVISION
STATE CERT. #CB-CO2sl2o/ PCCLB#C-3886
(727) s28-1555 FAX: (727\ 528-1288
421I 3ISTSTREET NORTH
ST. PETERSBURG. FL 33714
21