Your Developing Baby - Kansas State University
Transcription
Your Developing Baby - Kansas State University
Healthy You and Baby, Too Your Developing Baby First trimester (week 1-week 12) At four weeks: · Your baby's brain and spinal cord have begun to form. · The heart begins to form. · Arm and leg buds appear. · Your baby is now an embryo and one-twenty-fifth inch long. At eight weeks: · All major organs and external body structures have begun to form. · Your baby's heart beats with a regular rhythm. · The arms and legs grow longer, and fingers and toes begin to form. · The sex organs begin to form. · The eyes have moved forward on the face and eyelids have formed. · The umbilical cord is clearly visible. · At the end of eight weeks, your baby is a fetus and looks more like a human. Your baby is nearly 1 inch long and weighs less than one-eighth ounce. At 12 weeks: · The nerves and muscles begin to work together. Baby can make a fist. · The external sex organs show if your baby is a boy or girl. A woman who has an ultrasound in the second trimester or later might be able to find out the baby's sex. · Eyelids close to protect the developing eyes. They will not open again until the 28th week. · Head growth has slowed, and your baby is much longer. Now, at about 3 inches long, your baby weighs almost an ounce. Second trimester (week 13-week 28) At 16 weeks: · Muscle tissue and bone continue to form, creating a more complete skeleton. · Skin begins to form. You can nearly see through it. · Meconium (mih-KOH-nee-uhm) develops in your baby's intestinal tract. This will be your baby's first bowel movement. · Your baby makes sucking motions with the mouth (sucking reflex). · Your baby reaches a length of about 4 to 5 inches and weighs almost 3 ounces. At 20 weeks: · Your baby is more active. You might feel slight fluttering. · Your baby is covered by fine, downy hair called lanugo (luh-NOO-goh) and a waxy coating called vernix. This protects the forming skin underneath. · Eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails, and toenails have formed. Your baby can even scratch itself. · Your baby can hear and swallow. · Now halfway through your pregnancy, your baby is about 6 inches long and weighs about 9 ounces. At 24 weeks: · Bone marrow begins to make blood cells. · Taste buds form on your baby's tongue. · Footprints and fingerprints have formed. · Real hair begins to grow on your baby's head. · The lungs are formed, but do not work. · The hand and startle reflex develop. · Your baby sleeps and wakes regularly. · If your baby is a boy, his testicles begin to move from the abdomen into the scrotum. If your baby is a girl, her uterus and ovaries are in place, and a lifetime supply of eggs have formed in the ovaries. · Your baby stores fat and has gained quite a bit of weight. Now at about 12 inches long, your baby weighs about 1½ pounds. Third trimester (week 29-week 40) At 32 weeks: · Your baby's bones are fully formed, but still soft. · Your baby's kicks and jabs are forceful. · The eyes can open and close and sense changes in light. · Lungs are not fully formed, but practice "breathing" movements occur. · Your baby's body begins to store vital minerals, such as iron and calcium. Lanugo begins to fall off. · Your baby is gaining weight quickly, about one-half pound a week. Now, your baby is about 15 to 17 inches long and weighs about 4 to 4½ pounds. At 36 weeks: · The protective waxy coating called vernix gets thicker. · Body fat increases. Your baby is getting bigger and bigger and has less space to move around. Movements are less forceful, but you will feel stretches and wiggles. · Your baby is about 16 to 19 inches long and weighs about 6 to 6½ pounds. Weeks 37-40: · By the end of 37 weeks, your baby is considered full term. Your baby's organs are ready to function on their own. · As you near your due date, your baby may turn into a head-down position for birth. Most babies "present" head down. · At birth, your baby may weigh somewhere between 6 pounds 2 ounces and 9 pounds 2 ounces and be 19 to 21 inches long. Most full-term babies fall within these ranges. But healthy babies come in many different sizes. http://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-are-pregnant/stages-of-pregnancy.cfm#first Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. Healthy You and Baby, Too All About Pregnancy: Your Growing Baby Mother’s Weight Gain at 40 Weeks Extra Blood 4-5 lbs. Breast Tissue 1-4 lbs. Extra Tissue Fluid 3-5 lbs. Placenta 2-2.5 lbs. Amniotic Fluid 2 lbs. Fetus 7-8.5 lbs. Extra Uterine Tissue 2 lbs. Extra “Fat stores” 4-6 lbs. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. Healthy You and Baby, Too Your Changing Body: Where Does the Weight Go? Strawberry Banana Parfait Description: Whether you are looking for a fruit-filled breakfast option or a better-for-you dessert – enjoy the flavors of layered seasonal fruit, crisp flakes and creamy yogurt in this delicious parfait. Ingredients: ½ medium ripe banana, mashed ⅛ teaspoon vanilla ⅓ cup plain non-fat yogurt ½ cup sliced fresh strawberries ½ cup complete bran and wheat flakes ready-to-eat cereal Directions: 1. Stir banana and vanilla into yogurt 2. In one 10-12 ounce glass, alternately layer the yogurt mixture, strawberries and cereal. Serve immediately. Makes 1 serving Nutrition Facts Nutrient Calories Saturated Fat Sodium Potassium Calcium Vitamin D Dietary fiber Value 190 0 200 mg 448 mg 200 mg 95 IU (0.66 mcg) 7g %DV 0% 8% 13% 20% 24% 28% Healthy You and Baby, Too Choose MyPlate for Pregnancy Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. Healthy You and Baby, Too MyPlate for Pregnancy Low Birthweight Babies What is the Risk? In our mother’s day, doctors would often limit the amount of pounds that a pregnant woman should gain by telling them to diet or restrict their weight gain to less than 20 pounds. They thought that small babies were easier to deliver. We now know better. Babies born too small (less than 5½ pounds) are related to 70 percent of infant deaths. What is low Birthweight? Any baby below 5½ pounds is considered low birthweight. If the baby weighs less than 3 pounds 5 ounces it is very low birthweight. There are usually two types of low birthweight: ♦ preterm births before the 38th week of pregnancy; and ♦ small-for-date babies are full-term but underweight What Can Happen to a Low Birthweight Baby? Low birthweight babies are more likely to have medical complications including: ♦ Have trouble breathing. The lungs may not be able to provide enough oxygen for its needs. ♦ Have brain damage due to not enough nutrients getting to the brain. ♦ Have brain damage due to severe jaundice from a liver not functioning properly. ♦ Be anemic (fewer red blood cells) because it did not have time to store the iron it needed to nourish these cells. ♦ Have a low body temperature because they do not have enough fat stores to stay warm. This can lead to chemical changes in the body and slow growth. ♦ Have bleeding in the brain. 40 to 50 percent of too small babies have brain damage or die due to this problem. If the baby survives infancy, problems may still occur later in childhood. What causes Low Birthweight? The good news is that most reasons for too-small babies can be corrected easily by the mother. Medical problems of the mother can lead to low birthweight, so these mothers need ongoing contact with their health care provider. A mother’s life-style and nutrition habits can lead to too-small babies and with some help, CAN BE CHANGED. The main ones are: ♦ Poor nutrition—the correct amount of weight gain during pregnancy and eating healthy foods nourish the fetus. ♦ Lack of early and regular prenatal care—many things can be corrected if caught early enough. ♦ Smoking, alcohol and drugs—smokers have smaller babies. ♦ Drug and alcohol can slow growth of the fetus. Photo: http://drprem.com/parenting/escalating-number-of-premature-and-low-birth-weight-babies-in-calgary.html Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. Healthy You and Baby, Too This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. All About Pregnancy: Healthy Weight Gain EATING SMART THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE Eat Smart and Move More for a Healthy Pregnancy HEALTHY WEIGHT GAIN EAT SMART TIPS Gaining the right amount of weight is important for you and your baby. Discuss exactly how much you should gain with your doctor. • Don’t go more than 12 hours without eating or drinking. • Eat 3 meals and 2 small snacks and remember VARIETY. • Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Use MyPlate as a tool to build a healthy plate. • Drink 6-8 glasses of fluid every day like low-fat or skim milk and water. • Take care to avoid foodborne illness. Wash your hands and surfaces often. Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold. Use a thermometer to ensure that foods are cooked to proper temperatures. Avoid a few “danger” foods. MOVE MORE TIPS Ask your doctor what type of activity would be okay during your pregnancy. If your doctor approves: • Aim for 30 minutes of moderate activity each day, such as brisk walking. • Take the stairs or park farther away to add activity to your day. • Plan a time each day to do some physical activity. PAD17-E / Rev 09/11 Pregnancy ZESTY SPINACH OMELET Makes 1 serving Ingredients Serving Size: 1 omelet • 2 eggs, beaten • 2 tablespoon water • 1/2 cup cooked spinach Tip: Serve with a glass of orange juice to get even more folate. Omelets are a great way to use leftover vegetables. To reduce sodium even more, replace salsa with sliced tomatoes when in season. • 1/4 cup cheese, shredded • dash cumin • dash pepper • 1/4 cup salsa • non-stick cooking spray Directions 1.In medium bowl beat eggs, water, cumin, and pepper together using fork. 2.Spray skillet with non-stick cooking spray. 3.Heat a large skillet (10”) to medium high heat. 4.Pour egg mixture into pan. 5.Lift edges of eggs and tip pan as needed to let uncooked mixture flow underneath and cook. 6.Cook until almost set. 7.Spoon spinach and shredded cheese over 1/2 of the omelet. 8.Using spatula, fold other side of omelet over filling. 9.Top with salsa and serve. Nutrition information Per Serving Eat Smart 210 calories Total Fat Saturated Fat Protein 8g 2.5 g 22 g Total Carbohydrate 7 g Dietary Fiber 1g Sodium 520 mg Excellent Source of Vitamin A Excellent Source of Calcium Good Source Iron of Iron DO YOU SEE WHAT I SEE? Go for a walk with your family and play the game “Do you see what I see?” Pick an object that everyone can see as you are walking, without telling anyone what you are looking at, describe it and let everyone guess what it is. Take turns being the one to choose the object. www.pedbikeimages.org/Dan Burden Move More Tips for PregnantMoms Making healthy food choices along with regular physical activity will help fuel your baby’s growth and keep you healthy during pregnancy. What’s on Your Plate? Before you eat, think about what and how much food goes on your plate or in your cup or bowl. Over the day, include foods from all food groups: vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy products, and lean protein foods. Making Healthy Food Choices • Make half your plate fruits and vegetables. Choose a variety, including dark-green and red and orange vegetables and beans and peas. • Make at least half your grains whole. Choose whole grains in place of refined grains. • Switch to skim or 1% milk. Choose fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, such as milk, yogurt, cheese, or fortified soy beverages. • Vary your protein food choices. Choose seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans and peas, soy products, and unsalted nuts and seeds. • Use oils to replace solid fats where possible. • Make choices that are low in “empty calories.” What are “empty calories”? • Candy • Sweetened cereals They are calories from added sugars and solid fats in foods. Some foods with empty calories: • Desserts • Fried foods • Ice cream • Sugar-sweetened • Biscuits • Hot dogs • Soft drinks/soda fruit drinks/tea Visit Your Doctor Regularly — Doctors Recommend • Pregnant women and women who may become pregnant should avoid alcohol, smoking, and drug use. • Take a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement every day in addition to eating a healthy diet. • Feed your baby only breast milk for the first 6 months. How Much Weight Should I Gain? The total amount of weight gained depends on your weight when you become pregnant. If your weight was in the healthy range, you should gain between 25 and 35 pounds. If you were overweight or underweight before becoming pregnant, the advice is different. Check with your doctor to find the total amount that is right for you. You should gain weight gradually—1 to 4 pounds total during the first 3 months and 2 to 4 pounds per month during the 4th to 9th months. United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service FNS-457 February 2013 USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Daily Meal Plan The Plan shows slightly more amounts of food during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters because you have changing nutritional needs. This is a general Plan. You may need more or less than the Plan.* Food Group 1st Trimester 2nd and 3rd Trimesters What counts as 1 cup or 1 ounce? Eat this amount from each group daily.* Vegetables 2½ cups 3 cups 1 cup raw or cooked vegetables or 100% juice 2 cups raw leafy vegetables Fruits 2 cups 2 cups 1 cup fruit or 100% juice ½ cup dried fruit Grains 6 ounces 8 ounces Dairy 3 cups Protein Foods 5½ ounces 1 slice bread 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal ½ cup cooked pasta, rice, or cereal 1 cup milk 8 ounces yogurt 1½ ounces natural cheese 2 ounces processed cheese 3 cups 6½ ounces 1 ounce lean meat, poultry, or seafood ¼ cup cooked beans ½ ounce nuts or 1 egg 1 tablespoon peanut butter * If you are not gaining weight or gaining too slowly, you may need to eat a little more from each food group. If you are gaining weight too fast, you may need to cut back by decreasing the amount of “empty calories” you are eating. Get a Daily Plan for Moms designed just for you. Go to www.ChooseMyPlate.gov for your Plan and more. Click on “Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women.” Being Physically Active Unless your doctor advises you not to be physically active, include 2½ hours each week of physical activity such as brisk walking, dancing, gardening, or swimming. The activity should be done at least 10 minutes at a time, and preferably spread throughout the week. Avoid activities with a high risk of falling or injury. Healthy You and Baby, Too Seafood Can Be a Part of a Healthy Diet. Omega-3 fats in seafood have important health benefits for you and your unborn child. Salmon, sardines, and trout are some choices higher in Omega-3 fats. • Eat 8 to 12 ounces of seafood each week. • Eat all types of tuna, but limit white (albacore) tuna to 6 ounces each week. • Do not eat tilefish, shark, swordfish, and king mackerel since they have high levels of mercury. MyPlate Pregnancy Style Healthy You and Baby, Too Your Changing Body: Loving Your Pregnant Body Healthy You and Baby, Too Your Changing Body: Loving Your Pregnant Body Healthy You and Baby, Too Your Changing Body: Loving Your Pregnant Body Healthy You and Baby, Too Your Changing Body: Loving Your Pregnant Body Ways to Love Your Body During Pregnancy Ways to Love Your Body During Pregnancy · Eat a variety of healthy foods. · Eat a variety of healthy foods. · Drink plenty of water during the day. · Drink plenty of water during the day. · Enjoy an afternoon nap. · Enjoy an afternoon nap. · Try prenatal yoga (after consulting your healthcare provider). · Try prenatal yoga (after consulting your healthcare provider). · Practice self massage. · Practice self massage. · Talk to a supportive friend or family member about your pregnancy. · Talk to a supportive friend or family member about your pregnancy. Information from the Office of Women’s Health, US Department of Health and Human Services Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. Healthy You and Baby, Too This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. Your Changing Body: Loving Your Pregnant Body Information from the Office of Women’s Health, US Department of Health and Human Services Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. Healthy You and Baby, Too This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. Your Changing Body: Loving Your Pregnant Body Healthy You and Healthy Baby, Too Discomforts of Pregnancy Fatigue or sleep problems a regular sleep schedule, using pillows, and lying on your left side Dizziness regular eating and standing up slowly Nose problems (including stuffiness and nosebleeds can occur) drink plenty of water and blow your nose gently Breast tenderness or even leaking (third trimester) wear a good maternity or support bra Heartburn or indigestion eat smaller meals, reduce the amount of citrus and spicy food you eat, and drink fluids between meals Morning sickness eat dry toast before getting up, have several small meals daily, and sit up after meals Constipation and Hemorrhoids (due to a slowed digestive system) drink plenty of water and eat fiber rich foods Swelling (hands, ankles or your face) drink plenty of water and try resting or elevating your feet Leg cramps (near the end of pregnancy) exercise and elevate your legs Be sure to visit with your healthcare provider about any discomfort you have during pregnancy. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. Healthy You and Baby, Too This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. All About Pregnancy: Common Discomforts Healthy You and Baby, Too Discomforts of Pregnancy Fatigue or sleep problems a regular sleep schedule, using pillows, and lying on your left side Dizziness regular eating and standing up slowly Nose problems (including stuffiness and nosebleeds can occur) drink plenty of water and blow your nose gently Breast tenderness or even leaking (third trimester) wear a good maternity or support bra Heartburn or indigestion eat smaller meals, reduce the amount of citrus and spicy food you eat, and drink fluids between meals Morning sickness eat dry toast before getting up, have several small meals daily, and sit up after meals Constipation and Hemorrhoids (due to a slowed digestive system) drink plenty of water and eat fiber rich foods Swelling (hands, ankles or your face) drink plenty of water and try resting or elevating your feet Leg cramps (near the end of pregnancy) exercise and elevate your legs Be sure to visit with your healthcare provider about any discomfort you have during pregnancy. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, as amended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, John D. Floros, Director. This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689. Healthy You and Baby, Too All About Pregnancy: Common Discomforts The average person consumes about 3,500 milligrams of sodium a day. African-Americans, people 51 and older and anyone with high blood pressure or diabetes should have no more than 1,500 mg of sodium a day. The recommendation for everyone else is less than 2,300 mg, or about 1 teaspoon, of salt a day. What can you do to avoid excess salt? u Check Nutrition Facts panels on packages to find lower-sodium foods. u Eat more fresh foods prepared from scratch. u Fill up on fruits, vegetables and cooked dry beans. u Keep salt off the dinner table and kitchen counter. u Look for foods labeled “low sodium”, “reduced sodium” and “no salt added.” u Rinse high sodium canned foods such as beans, vegetables and tuna fish in a colander under running water. The sodium can be reduced by 40%. u Omit salt in recipes such as soup, rice dishes and casseroles. The Main Sources of Sodium in Our Diet Foods with less than 140 mg sodium per serving can be labeled as low-sodium foods. Check the daily value on the Nutrition Facts panel. Try to find items that have 5% or less of the daily value for sodium. u Don’t salt the water before cooking potatoes, pasta or vegetables. u Try lemon juice or lime juice on salads instead of dressing. Sodium in one meal adds up: ½ cup canned green beans 380 mg sodium 1 cup seasoned rice from box 760 mg 5 wheat crackers 160 mg 2 hot dogs1220 mg 2 tablespoons barbeque sauce 250 mg 2770 mg total Foods High in Sodium Instead, try …………. Canned vegetables, soups, chili, and tomatoes canned foods with no-salt added or use fresh items Boxed rice and pasta mixes plain rice or pasta and add herbs and spices Onion or garlic salt onion or garlic powder Frozen dinners frozen veggies with fresh meat and plain rice Salty chips unsalted chips or scrape off the visible salt Cured meats such as bacon, sausage, hot dogs and luncheon meats fresh or canned chicken, fish or no-salt added peanut butter Bread, crackers and cereals lower salt varieties or unsalted tops Salad dressings, ketchup, mustard, relish lemon juice, vinegar, zest or fresh herbs This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through a contract awarded by the Kansas Department for Children and Families. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help you buy nutritious foods for a better diet. To find out more call 1-800-221-5689.