English B - pages from Chapter 1

Transcription

Objectives
To practise the active and passive voice
To practise preposition + gerund constructions
●● To revise the use of nominalised adjectives and verbs
●● To revise the use of the present perfect
●● To practise the text type blog
●● To develop persuasive language skills
●●
●●
1.1
Opposite United Kingdom
households waste an
estimated 6.7 million tonnes of
food every year
Food waste
Text 1.1 Food Waste Facts
Read the text and make notes as you read of the key facts which you find surprising
ft
ra
Roughly one third of the food produced in the world for human
consumption every year — approximately 1.3 billion tonnes — gets lost
or wasted.
D
01
Food and Water
The impact of food waste is not just financial. Environmentally, food
waste leads to wasteful use of chemicals such as fertilizers and
pesticides; more fuel used for transportation; and more rotting food,
creating more methane – one of the most harmful greenhouse gases
that contributes to climate change. Methane is 23 times more potent
than CO2 as a greenhouse gas. The vast amount of food going to landfills
makes a significant contribution to global warming.
Every year, consumers in rich countries waste almost as much food
(222 million tonnes) as the entire net food production of sub-Saharan
Africa (230 million tonnes).
The amount of food lost or wasted every year is equivalent to more than
half of the world’s annual cereals crop (2.3 billion tonnes in 2009/2010).
Food loss and waste also amount to a major squandering of resources,
including water, land, energy, labour and capital and needlessly
produce greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to global warming
and climate change.
In developing countries food waste and losses occur mainly at early
stages of the food value chain and can be traced back to financial,
managerial and technical constraints in harvesting techniques as well
as storage –and cooling facilities. Thus, a strengthening of the supply
chain through the support farmers and investments in infrastructure,
transportation, as well as in an expansion of the food –and packaging
industry could help to reduce the amount of food loss and waste.
Copyright Pearson Education
IB_English_B_Sample_v4.indd 2-3
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Food and Water
Zoom in on Grammar
In medium- and high-income countries food is wasted and lost mainly
at later stages in the supply chain. Differing from the situation in
developing countries, the behavior of consumers plays a huge part
in industrialized countries. Moreover, the study identified a lacking
coordination between actors in the supply chain as a contributing
factor. Farmer-buyer agreements can be helpful to increase the level of
coordination. Additionally, raising awareness among industries, retailers
and consumers as well as finding beneficial use for save food that is
presently thrown away are useful measures to decrease the amount of
losses and waste. Look at these sentences
Every year, consumers in rich countries waste almost as much food as the entire food
production of sub-Sahara.
Every year, almost as much food is wasted by consumers in rich countries as the
entire food production of sub-Sahara.
The first sentence tells us clearly about the consumers and what they did. The second sentence tells
us clearly about the food and what happened to it. Both sentences have the same meaning, but the
focus is different. In the active sentence the focus is on consumers and their actions. In the passive
sentence the focus is on the food and what happened to it – the food did nothing, it was passive. In
these sentences we do not always clearly state who carried out the action.
We can change active sentences to passive sentences by changing the focus from who did
something to what happened to something or someone.
The passive is formed by to be plus a passive participle.
Grammar in context
ft
In the United States 30% of all food, worth US$48.3 billion (€32.5 billion),
is thrown away each year. It is estimated that about half of the water
used to produce this food also goes to waste, since agriculture is the
largest human use of water. (Jones, 2004 cited in Lundqvist et al., 2008)
Passive and Active sentences
Change these passive sentences to the active, the first example has been done for you.
1 In medium and high-income countries food is wasted. (by the consumers)
Consumers in medium and high-income countries waste food.
2 In the United States 30% of all food is thrown away each year. (by the consumers)
3 Approximately 32% of all food purchased per year is not eaten. (by the consumer)
ra
United Kingdom households waste an estimated 6.7 million tonnes of
food every year, around one third of the 21.7 million tonnes purchased.
This means that approximately 32% of all food purchased per year is
not eaten. Most of this (5.9 million tonnes or 88%) is currently collected
by local authorities. Most of the food waste (4.1 million tonnes or 61%)
is avoidable and could have been eaten had it been better managed
(WRAP, 2008; Knight and Davis, 2007).
Now change these active sentences to the passive.
1 Consumers often buy too much food.
2 Companies waste too much fuel for transportation.
3 Rotting food causes climate change.
4 Climate change makes the lives of humans more difficult.
D
In the USA, organic waste is the second highest component of landfills,
which are the largest source of methane emissions.
Sources:
Global Food Losses and Food Waste – FAO, 2011
The environmental crisis: The environment’s role in averting future food crisis – UNEP, 2009
General Comprehension
1 Discuss the facts you found surprising and what you have learned from the text with your group.
Brainstorm some ways to help solve the problem – think globally– act locally.
Then – prepare a short group presentation for the rest of the class on this topic based the ways you have
found to help solve the problem of food wastage.
2Vocabulary
Find words in the text which have the same meaning as the following words. These are in the order of
the words you need in the text.
a)powerful
b)huge
c) the same as
d)wasting
e) followed back
f)advantageous
4
5 Climate change causes many floods and storms
6 Everyone help to reduce the causes of climate change.
Write a blog about this topic, expressing your concern and encouraging others to
become involved in reducing the waste of food worldwide. Include aspects of the
IB Learner Profile which you feel need to be encouraged and developed more in
individuals. Write between 250 and 400 words.
Hints for writing a blog
Before you start decide
•why you are writing,
•what you want to say and which facts to include from the text,
and think about who you are writing to.
Organise your ideas into paragraphs with key information plus supporting details.
Decide what action you would like your readers to undertake. Have a strong heading
and a good finish to your blog.
Discuss the ethical and
moral implications of food
wastage from different
perspectives, ie the
mother of a poor family,
a professional couple, a
restaurant etc. Take on
different roles, think about
the issues from that point
of view and be ready to
defend your opinions
and actions. Use the facts
from the text to support
your arguments.
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Food and Water
1.2
Text 1.2.2 About the poem and the poet
Food Shortages
Text 1.2.1 Hunger in New York City
Read the title of the poem below and try to imagine what it will describe. Think quietly
to yourself and then jot down some descriptive words which you feel might be in the
poem. Share the list with a partner. Then read the poem together.
That is, hunger searches you out.
It always asks you,
How are you, son? Where are you?
Have you eaten well?
Have you done what you as a person
of our people is supposed to do?
And the concrete of this city,
the oily wind, the blazing windows,
the shrieks of automation cannot
truly cannot, answer for that hunger
although I have hungered,
truthfully and honestly, for them
to feed myself with.
So I sang to myself quietly:
Basic to Ortiz’s work as a writer are the Native-American oral storytelling tradition
and the ritual of prayer. This poem tells the story of engaging fully with a hunger
that takes on the magnitude of a symbolic opponent and ends with a prayer to
“Bless me.” The alienation of the individual in the city that this hunger represents
is not, however, a solely Native-American experience. But it is perhaps possible for
the rest of us to understand through the Native-American experience of the land
as mother how to heal the wound of alienation.
ft
It comes to you, asking
5
for food, words, wisdom, young memories
of places you ate at, drank cold spring water,
or held somebody’s hand,
or home of the gentle, slow dances,
the songs, the strong gods, the world
10
you know.
I am feeding myself
with the humble presence
of all around me;
I am feeding myself
with your soul, my mother earth;
make me cool and humble.
Bless me.
30
ra
Hunger crawls into you
from somewhere out of your muscles
or the concrete or the land
or the wind pushing you.
New York City
Source: http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2691200018/hunger-new-york-city.html
Text Handling
1 Match the vocabulary from the text with their correct meanings below
15
20
D
Hunger in
“Hunger in New York City” was first published in 1976 in Simon Ortiz’s collection
Going for the Rain and is also included in the 1991 book Woven Stone: A 3-in-l Volume
of Poetry and Prose, which collects all of the poet’s published poetry to that time.
“Hunger in New York City” contrasts the America exemplified by New York City
to what Ortiz calls “the real America,” which is “the Native America of indigenous
people and the indigenous principle they represent.” In fact, while one of the
purposes of Ortiz’s work is to define “Native America,” another is to call for its
survival. “Hunger in New York City” is a variation on this theme, as it tells the
story of how dehumanizing city life can be in its separation from “mother earth.”
Indeed, Ortiz has said that “[a]s a writer, I’ve tried to consider most importantly
my life as a Native American who is absolutely related to the land and all that that
means culturally, politically, personally.”
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a)exemplified
b)indigenous
c)dehumanizing
d)ritual
e)magnitude
removing the best qualities of people, importance and size, native, illustrate, special practice
Tips to create an effective
flyer. Plan the information
and lay out you want to
use. Make bold headlines
and subheading, use
powerful, descriptive
language. Keep one
main idea for each
paragraph. Make your flyer
attractive and colourful
to encourage others to
read it.
What do you understand by the expressions:
how dehumanizing city life can be in its separation from mother earth. (paragraph 1)
The alienation of the individual in the city (paragraph 2)
1 After reading the notes about the poem, do you understand it better? Read the poem again. How does
the poet talk about hunger? What does hunger do? Find some of the descriptions he uses and discuss
how effective they are with a partner.
2 It may seem surprising to you that people in large, wealthy cities also suffer from hunger. Do more
research about the problem, Make a flyer to inform people of this and suggest ways they can help
alleviate such problems.
1 Did you find many of the words you had predicted? Why, why not? Discuss this with your partner.
2 Look at each of the verses with a partner: what makes the language and meaning powerful?
Use your notes to contribute to the follow-up class discussion.
3 How does the poet describe hunger? How does the poem make you feel? Write a personal reflection on
the poem of between 150 and 200 words. Then make a drawing to illustrate your response. When you
have finished, share your response with others in the class.
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Food and Water
Text 1.2.3 Author Biography
Text 1.2.4.Food Sharing in the UK
3 Ortiz was married until 1984.
Interesting sentences can be formed by using a preposition plus the gerund.
D
For example we could change the following sentences in this way.
First I did my homework, then I watched TV.
After doing my home work, I watched TV. Or Before watching TV, I did my homework.
The life of Ortez is described consistently using the simple past tense, almost as a list. It is however
possible to change the verbs, without changing the meaning, to make more interesting sentences
by using a preposition followed by the gerund (verb in the......ing form)
For example
After attending Grants High school, he worked briefly in the uranium mines and processing plants of
the Grants Ambrosia Lake area.
Use examples from the text to begin sentences with these prepositions followed by the gerund –
2 In addition to…
3After…
4Before…
5 As a result of…
8
Under a proposal backed by the Government, retailers would log details of products
approaching the end of their shelf-life on a database.
Britain has seen an explosion in demand for food banks and food parcels amid the
biggest squeeze on living standards in 60 years.
The Government is putting pressure on food giants to back the scheme, which is
designed to both cut food waste and help those in need.
Zoom in on Grammar
1While…
Supermarkets and sandwich chains could soon share surplus food with families
struggling in the economic downturn.
Charities would then put together parcels or cook meals using the surplus food and
distribute it to the needy.
4 He was the consutling editor of the Pueblo of Acoma Press until 1989.
Grammar in context
Food-share database to end supermarket waste: Stores boost
links with charities to help the hungry
By Sean Poulter
ra
True or false? Explain your answers with quotes from the text
2 He lived in Alberquerque, New Mexico all his life.
PUBLISHED: 01:01 GMT, 3 July 2012 | UPDATED: 06:38 GMT, 3 July 2012
Charities, who are increasingly working with families who cannot afford to feed
themselves, would use the information to arrange pick-ups of food and other unsold
products set aside during the week by stores.
1 Ortiz was interested in fair treatment for native peoples.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news
ft
Ortiz was born in 1941 at the Pueblo of Acoma, near Albuquerque, New Mexico,
the son of Joe L. Ortiz and Mamie Toribio Ortiz. He attended Grants High
School in Grants, New Mexico, and then worked briefly in the uranium mines
and processing plants of the Grants Ambrosia Lake area. Ortiz then attended
Fort Lewis College, where he became interested in drama and English studies. A
leader of the Indian Student Organization, Ortiz became involved in issues of fair
treatment for native peoples. He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1963, after which
he attended the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque. He received a Master’s
of Fine Art degree from the University of Iowa in 1969. He then taught writing
and American Indian literature at various colleges and universities, including
San Diego State University, the Institute of American Arts in Santa Fe, and the
University of New Mexico. In December, 1981 he married Marlene Foster, and
they had three children, Raho, Rainy, and Sara, but divorced in 1984. Since 1982
Ortiz has been the consulting editor of the Pueblo of Acoma Press, and in 1989 he
became First Lieutenant Governor for Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico.
Environment Secretary Caroline Spelman is bringing together supermarkets, retail
industry leaders and food charities at a summit in London today to ensure food goes
into kitchens rather than landfill.
She said: ‘Preventing food waste protects the environment, helps communities and
makes good business sense.
‘Charities and retailers are already working together to make great use of surplus
food and I’m hosting the roundtable today to look at new ways to make the system
work even better.’
The nation’s biggest stores, including Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s Morrisons, the Co-op,
M&S and Boots, will take part. Charities FareShare and FoodCycle, which were set up
to tackle food poverty, will also be present.
FareShare collects surplus from the food and drink industry and redistributes it to
around 700 charities including the Salvation Army and homeless shelters.
The charities it supplies are also increasingly working with families living in
food poverty.
The group wants supermarkets to provide food at each of its 18 outlets which would
be picked up on a rota basis by local charities.
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Food and Water
Zoom in on Grammar
The+ adjective
FoodCycle has called for the creation of a database so that food can be shared more
effectively.
The+an adjective can be used to talk about groups of people.
The charity uses professional kitchens to produce free meals in 14 locations across
the country and is currently in partnership with Sainsbury’s and Waitrose, as well as
smaller grocers and markets.
The meaning is the same as poor people, needy people etc.
Other retailers have been reluctant to back its work because they are worried about
being sued if people fall ill as a result of eating surplus food.
Reference pronouns.
The charities are supporting the introduction of a so-called Good Samaritan law
which exists in the US, and ensures firms providing food in good faith are exempt
from legal action.
1 FareShare collects surplus from the food and drink industry and redistributes it to around 700 charities
including the Salvation Army and homeless shelters.
It said the scheme should apply to all food retailers and could involve
sandwich chains.
It comes as Waitrose announced a commitment to donate surplus food from all
branches to charities by the end of this year.
3 The charity uses professional kitchens to produce free meals in 14 locations across the country and is
currently in partnership with Sainsbury’s and Waitrose, as well as smaller grocers and markets. Other
retailers have been reluctant to back its work because they are worried about being sued if people fall
ill as a result of eating surplus food.
4 Writing assignment
Based on the information in the newspaper article, write a blog article commending the supermarkets
for the work they are doing for the poor. People generally write blogs because they feel strongly about
an issue or have ideas they want to share. What would be your reason for writing the blog? What do
you want to share with the reader? Write between 250 and 230 words
ra
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2168018/Food-sharedatabase-end-supermarket-waste-Stores-boost-links-charities-help-hungry.
html#ixzz2eJJqupUB
1.3
Water, Water, Everywhere
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook
2 The Government is supporting the scheme which will bring two benefits. What are they?
3 What three reasons does the Environment Secretary give for preventing food waste?
4 What does Fairshare do?
5 What does FoodCycle do that is different from Fairshare?
6 Why are some retailers concerned about the project?
7 How would the Good Samaritan law help them?
8 Do you know the story of the Good Samaritan? If not, do some research to help you understand
this reference.
Text Handling
Explain the following expressions in your own words
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
To boost links
Sandwich chains
An explosion in demand
The needy
To donate surplus food
Fit for consumption
The water you drink today has likely been around in one form or another since dinosaurs
roamed the earth, hundreds of millions of years ago. While the amount of freshwater
on the planet has remained fairly constant over time—continually recycled through the
atmosphere and back into our cups—the population has exploded. This means that every
year competition for a clean, copious supply of water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and
sustaining life intensifies. Water scarcity is an abstract concept to many and a stark reality
for others. It is the result of myriad environmental, political, economic, and social forces.
Freshwater makes up a very small fraction of all water on the planet. While nearly
70 percent of the world is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is fresh. The rest is
saline and ocean-based. Even then, just 1 percent of our freshwater is easily accessible,
with much of it trapped in glaciers and snowfields. In essence, only 0.007 percent of the
planet’s water is available to fuel and feed its 6.8 billion people.
Due to geography, climate, engineering, regulation, and competition for resources,
some regions seem relatively flush with freshwater, while others face drought and
debilitating pollution. In much of the developing world, clean water is either hard to come
by or a commodity that requires laborious work or significant currency to obtain.
Water Is Life
Wherever they are, people need water to survive. Not only is the human body 60 percent
water, the resource is also essential for producing food, clothing, and computers, moving
our waste stream, and keeping us and the environment healthy. Unfortunately, humans
have proved to be inefficient water users. (The average hamburger takes 2,400 liters, or
Water
Is Life
Text 1.3 A Clean Water Crisis
1 Why has there been an increase in demand for food banks and food parcels recently?
2 The charities it supplies are also increasingly working with families living in food poverty.
In the future, making donations to charities will be its preferred option for any unsold
food that is still fit for consumption.
10
Explain the meaning of the word it in the following sentences
D
Picture brief
– river scenes,
emphasis on the
water, reservoir,
water fall
anything with
water outside
Grammar in context
ft
The British Retail Consortium said its members already give excess food to charities
but said discussions on improving communication between charities and retailers
will be held.
For example the poor, the needy, the lonely, the old, the young, the wealthy etc
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Food and Water
630 gallons, of water to produce, and many water-intensive crops, such as cotton, are
grown in arid regions.)
According to the United Nations, water use has grown at more than twice the rate of
population increase in the last century. By 2025, an estimated 1.8 billion people will live
in areas plagued by water scarcity, with two-thirds of the world’s population living in
water-stressed regions as a result of use, growth, and climate change.
The challenge we face now is how to effectively conserve, manage, and distribute the
water we have. National Geographic’s Freshwater Web site Partner discussion
encourages you to explore the local stories and global trends defining the world’s
water crisis. Learn where freshwater resources exist; how they are used; and how climate,
technology, policy, and people play a role in both creating obstacles and finding solutions.
Peruse the site to learn how you can make a difference by reducing your water footprint
and getting involved with local and global water conservation and advocacy efforts.
1.4
Ryans Well
Text 1.4.1 Ryan’s Well Project
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/
Source: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/
Text Handling
a)wandered
b)plentiful
c) maintaining life
d) very many
e) shortage of rain water
f)weakening
gproduct
h) take a look at
i)support
We have two goals – BUILD and EMPOWER.
ra
Build: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene projects.
Try to explain the following expressions, as they are used in the text, in your own words.
since dinosaurs roamed the earth
the population has exploded
in essence
to fuel and feed
seem relatively flush with water
water-intensive crops
1 Are these sentences true or false according to the text? Give the words or phrase which support
your answer.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The water you drink today is very old
The amount of freshwater on the planet has grown in our time.
For some people water scarcity is normal.
In the developing world, water is often scarce.
Humans are expert water users.
2 According to the text it takes 2,400 litres of water, or 630 gallons, to produce the average hamburger.
Do you believe this? Do some additional research to find information about the amount of water
needed to produce meat on the dinner table. Does this justify becoming vegetarian? Collect your
information for a class debate. Your teacher will tell you more.
Tips to create an effective
flyer. Plan the information
and lay out you want to
use. Make bold headlines
and subheading, use
powerful, descriptive
language. Keep one
main idea for each
paragraph. Make your flyer
attractive and colourful
to encourage others to
read it.
12
3 Explore your water footprint on the internet. There are a number of sites, including one from National
Geographic which let you check your water footprint and give you ideas how you can reduce it. Share
your findings with the class.
Written work: writing an article
Write an article for the school magazine to inform your fellow students of the water
crisis. You need to explain the link between water use and meat production, and offer
suggestions which will help everyone reduce their water consumption. Use ideas from
the text and from your research.
Write between 250 and 400 words.
Our BUILD program supports water, sanitation and hygiene education projects in
partnership with local non-governmental and community based organizations in
developing countries. Our current focus is to the communities of West Africa (Burkina
Faso, Ghana, and Togo), East Africa (Kenya and Uganda), and Haiti.
Women in Obutu, Uganda collect
water from the community well
instead of a nearby stream.
Picture source: Lesley Marino
Photography
Empower: Get involved and make a difference
D
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
The Ryan’s Well Foundation is a family of people committed to delivering access to safe
water and sanitation as an essential way to improve the lives of people in the developing
world. We empower citizens of all ages to take action and effect change in the world.
ft
Find words in the text which can be meaningfully replaced by the vocabulary below. The words are
in the order of occurrence in the text.
Ryan’s story has been compelling not just for his actions against the global water and
sanitation crisis, but for all grassroots action. It continues to motivate people of all ages
–youth in particular – to take action and effect positive change in the world.
Our EMPOWER program consists of:
• Youth in Action – This program educates students about the need to conserve water
and to understand the importance of safe water and sanitation. This elementary and
secondary curriculum helps to inspire students to find where their ‘puzzle’ piece fits
in our world and take action.
• Getting Involved – School groups, community groups, individuals and other
dedicated Ambassadors of the Foundation are encouraged to organize their own
fundraising activities, help raise awareness and share our story, thereby making a
difference in their own way.
• Social Media – In addition to the Ryan’s Well blog and monthly email updates, we
have increased our social networking presence. Be sure to follow us to read all the
latest and stay in touch!
Source:www.ryanswell.ca/aboutus/ryans-story.aspx
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Food and Water
Comprehension
Identify the following and explain the answers in your own words.
Think carefully and then answer each question in a separate paragraph.
1 Who is involved in the project?
1 What is your reaction to the text written by Ryan? What surprises you most?
2 Who do they want to help?
3 How do they want to help?
2 What do you think was the key factor in all the work Ryan has undertaken? Was it his personality?
His family? The issue? What drove him to do what he did?
4 Who do they want to get involved?
3 Think about the IB learner profile, which characteristics do you think Ryan displays?
5 Explain what is meant in this context by the key words Build and Empower.
Could working to support Ryan’s well become a CAS activity for you? If you think this could be
something for you, do some research about Ryan’s well online.
Now read about Ryan in the text below
Complete the following sentence beginnings which Ryan used in his text, to make them personal for you.
1 One day I was sitting in my grade one classroom…
Text 1.4.2 Ryan’s Story
2 My advice to anyone is…
3 For me, the issue is…
Text 1.4.3 Jimmy’s Story
In 1999, my class at Angolo Primary School in Uganda starting writing to a Grade
1 class from Canada. My pen pal was Ryan. I was fascinated about Ryan’s life in
Canada and he asked what life was like for me in my village.
Life was very different for me in Uganda. Every night, I walked eight kilometres
carrying a small container to collect water. I had to go back and back again to fill
the pot we used at home for cooking and washing. I usually got up at midnight
to do this so I could still go to school in the morning. The water I collected was
not clean, it looked like chocolate – but it was our only source before Ryan’s well
was built.
ra
All I had to do was take 10 steps from my classroom to get to the drinking fountain
and I had clean water. Before that day in school, I figured everyone lived like me.
When I found out this wasn’t the case, I decided I had to do something about it. So,
I went home and begged my mom and dad to help. After a few days, they told me I
could do extra chores to earn the $70 I thought would build a well. I thought that’s all
it would take to solve the world’s water problem. I worked for four months to earn my
first $70. Then I learned that it was actually going to cost $2,000 to build a well in a
place like Uganda. I also learned that the problem was way bigger than I realized.
Now read the story of Jimmy, Ryan’s friend
ft
My story is really very simple. One day in January 1998, I was sitting in my Grade
One classroom. My teacher, Mrs. Prest, explained that people were sick and some
were even dying because they didn’t have clean water. She told us that some people
walked for hours in Africa and sometimes it was just to get dirty water.
I started speaking to service clubs, school classes, to anyone who would listen to my
story so that I could raise money for my first well at Angolo Primary School in Uganda.
That’s how my little Grade One project became the Ryan’s Well Foundation.
D
I am now a fourth year student at the University of King’s College in Halifax on the east
coast of Canada. I am studying international development and political science but
remain involved with the Foundation as a speaker and Board member. I speak around
the world on water issues and on the importance of making a difference no matter who
you are or how old you are.
My work would not happen without the support of my family and friends. My Ugandan
pen pal, Jimmy Akana, who I met on my first trip to Uganda, is now a member of our
family. Jimmy is an inspiration because he works hard and has a positive outlook. He
always has a great big smile.
My advice to anyone is that in order to make a positive change in the world, you need
to find something you are passionate about and then you need to take steps to act. For
me, the issue is water and sanitation.
Water is essential to all life. I hope my story is a reminder that we can all make a
difference – it applies to each and every one of us.
Source: www.ryanswell.ca/aboutus/ryans-story.aspx
14
In 2003, my village was facing many problems as a result of the Lord’s Resistance
Army (LRA) – a rebel group looking to overthrow our government. I was abducted
by the LRA but thankfully managed to escape and find my friend Tom Omach – a
project coordinator for Ryan’s Well. It took some time – and lots of paperwork – but
eventually I came to Canada to live with Ryan and his family.
I love being a part of this incredible family and in 2007 – I received my Canadian
citizenship and graduated from highschool!
It has been interesting adjusting to life in Canada – a new language, a new
culture, cold weather! – but I couldn’t be happier. I like to help the Foundation
when I can – volunteering at the office or joining Ryan for presentations about the
need for clean water and the work of the Foundation. We have fun talking with
school kids about our stories and how they can help other kids around the world.
In the spring of 2012, I graduated from St. Francis Xavier University in Nova
Scotia, Canada!
Source: www.ryanswell.ca/aboutus/jimmys-story.aspx
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01
Food and Water
Kenya – Rainwater Harvesting 2012/13
Comprehension
Answer each question in a separate paragraph.
Kajiado County
1 What is your reaction to the text written by Jimmy? What surprises you most?
2 How different was Jimmy’s life from yours or Ryan’s. List the three most important points
3 Think about the IB learner profile, which characteristics do you think Jimmy displays?
Vocabulary
Explain the following words and phrases in your own words.
a) our only source
b)abducted
c) adjusting to
Before you write –
Writing Assignment write between 250 and 400 words
Write a letter to a younger relative or friend telling them about Ryan and the work he
has done, how he started, what inspired him and your personal reaction to it. Plan your
work before you start to write. Think about the main ideas that you want to share and
organise them carefully.
Decide on the most
suitable genre for your text.
Writing stimulus
Kenya
ra
Write your text.
“Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day, teach him to catch fish and you feed him
for a lifetime.”
Based on the stimlulus, write a personal response and justify it. Choose any text genrre
you have worked on in class. Write between 150–250 words.
Text 1.4.4 Kenya and Ryan’s Well
Kenya is found in East Africa and is often referred to as the “cradle of humanity” in the Great
Rift Valley. From the coastal region on the Indian Ocean to the east, Somalia and Ethiopia to
the north, South Sudan and Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south, Kenya has a vibrant
culture and fascinating history. As of 2011, the UN reports a population of over 41.6 million
people – a vast population for a country with unique challenges of water supply.
Periods of drought in the region, high levels of naturally occurring fluoride in the Rift
Valley along with prohibitive well drilling costs required for drilling to great depths to
reach safe water all contribute to 41% of the population lacking access to adequate safe
water supply. With so many people and families- 42% of the population being under
14 years old- health, education, economic development and livelihoods are all impacted
by lack of safe water and sanitation access.
D
Make an outline. Check you
have all the points you want
to make and that you have
a clear, coherent argument.
ft
Decide what it is you want
to say – do you agree or
disagree, can you link this
to the unit topic? Be clear
about your goal before
you start to write.
Project Partner: Maasai Environment Development Consortium (MEDEC)
●● Overview
●● Map
Maasai communities will participate in building of household rainwater harvesting
tanks to improve water supply. (With thanks to Jill Kirshner for her photo from Kajiado)
The Kajiado region of Kenya, south of Nairobi in the Great Rift Valley, faces serious challenges
with water supply. Rainwater harvesting is a viable option for household water supplies in
this region. Ryan’s Well is now building on the experience and success of earlier partnership
projects with MEDEC that resulted in over 100 household tanks being constructed.
Maasai communities in the Kajiado region are adapting to new realities of daily life.
Traditionally pastoralists, the livelihood of the Maasai people is inextricably linked to the
availability of land, water and pasture. Changing climatic conditions in the region have had
an impact on these traditions and limited development and education opportunities.
With the goal of continued support for household water supply as a means of improving
livelihoods, Ryan’s Well and MEDEC continue to work together with common interest
groups in the region. This collaboration seeks to effectively and efficiently address these
problems, step by step, and focus on improving opportunities for women and girls.
Ryan’s Well in Kenya
Ryan’s Well has supported water and sanitation projects in the Samburu region of
Kenya, home to the Samburu people along with the region of Kajiado south of Nairobi
with a strong Maasai population. Partner organization MEDEC based in the Kajiado area,
was introduced to Ryan’s Well through our colleagues at Rotary. Household rainwater
harvesting tanks have proven to be the most viable means of water supply while building
skills of local women to build tanks and manage water conservation. The Samburu Project
constructs drilled wells in remote regions to the north
Activities (revised 25 Jan 2013):
Construction of 50 household rainwater harvesting tanks. Originally 25 tanks were
planned and this goal has been increased!
●● Development of a detailed monitoring tool to improve maintenance of tanks
●● Household water usage assessment and education on best practices for management
of household water supplies
●● Training of women’s common interest groups for design and construction of rainwater
harvesting tanks
*Costs include (in Canadian dollars): water quality monitoring, hygiene education
activities, water source committee training, project monitoring, reporting & partner
coordination for WASH sustainability, all construction, drilling, materials and labour
as required.
●●
Updates
18-March-2013 To date, the first 10 rainwater tanks (10,000 litres each) have been
constructed. A meeting was held in order to identify vulnerable populations including
households of elderly, ill, orphaned or widowed people. These groups have the least means
to collect their own water and face many struggles each day. As such, 50 beneficiary
households were identified to have rainwater tanks constructed.
In the first four days of the project, 12 schools were visited to mobilize teachers, students
and communities around the WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) program that was
beginning. Workshop training sessions were held to share knowledge about
the linkages between health and safe water, hygiene and sanitation. Our
partners at MEDEC have put into use much of the information shared at the
Community Health Promotion Workshop in November 2012.
Source: http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/where-we-work/kenya.aspx
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01
Food and Water
ourselves, we will be able to conserve the forests and protect the endangered species so that
future generations find a place to live on this planet. Greenhouse emissions are stabilized so that
global warming possibly slows down.
1 Why do you think Kenya is referred to as the “cradle of humanity?
2 Why does the country suffer from a unique shortage of water?
3 What particular problems do they have in their population?
To support the cause of a greener lifestyle, we need to unplug the equipment we don’t use;
close the taps tightly; print documents both sides; use compact fluorescent lamps; refurbish our
furniture; shop locally; eat all our food; use cloth shopping bags. With small steps we can make
giant changes provided we actively support green living.
4 What does “rainwater harvesting” mean?
5 How does this project improve opportunities for girls and women?
Vocabulary
Which of the words in the text could be meaningfully replaced by each of the following? The words are in
the order of the text
a) take part
b)workable
c)built
d) people who live on the land and keep animals
e)inseparably.
2 Which word in lines 1 to 7 is similar in meaning to “on purpose”?
______________________________________________________________________
3 State the goal of using new technologies to help construct green buildings.
______________________________________________________________________
Exam practice
The benefits of green living
4 How can contamination of water be avoided while gardening?
______________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct phrases to complete the sentences. Base your answers on information as it
appears in lines 17 to 31.
Example:
Water is contaminated when chemicals
are washed away in a rainstorm._______________________________________________
ra
Now that you have read and researched about the achievements of Ryan, write a
reflective diary entry about your impressions. Try to make links to the IB learner profile.
Write between 300 and 400 words.
1 How is being green becoming a way of life?
______________________________________________________________________
ft
Writing assignment SL and HL
Answer the following questions.
Green living is increasingly becoming a way of life. More and more people change their routines to
embrace a healthier lifestyle that can really protect the environment and the world we live in. The
food we eat and the air we breathe are the most important benefits to living green. However, we
must be able to live in a way that we do not deliberately violate the laws of nature. In other words,
going green is useless if we do not do this actively and by example.
D
Being able to maintain a green home is extremely important for our health and standards of living. New
homes are built with the use of new technologies to improve the construction of greener structures.
These practices aim at reducing the overall impact of building on human health and the environment.
Organic gardening is beneficial because it provides fresh vegetables and fruits which, in turn, help
our bodies stay healthy. By avoiding the use of chemicals, not only do you grow organic, healthy
products in your garden, but also you preserve the water from contamination when these harmful
products are washed away in a rainstorm. The contaminated water contaminates the fish, which
harms people and animals as they eat it.
5 Since recycled materials have already been processed, …
______________________________________________________________________
6 When we preserve forests and protect endangered species …
______________________________________________________________________
7 Global warming might decrease when …
______________________________________________________________________
www.greenliving.suite101.com (April 2010)
Images: www.flickr.com/photos/gregeh/2313877044
© Justin Smith / Wikipedia Commons,
Recycling is one of the most important benefits of green living. In effect, recycling is more than
replacing plastic bags with cloth ones and keeping aluminium cans out of the garbage. It is an
entire process that includes the collection of recyclablematerials, their process into raw materials
and their manufacture into new materials. However, in the context of a household, it’s a good start
to avoid plastic bags and aluminium cans.
As the recycling industry is becoming increasingly sophisticated, more and more items are
manufactured from recycled materials. Manufacturing new materials from recycled materials requires
less energy than using raw materials because recycled materials have already been processed.
Green living has value if each one of us turns the thoughts of green living around and teaches our
children how to live green. By showing a sustained commitment to protect the environment and
18
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English B - pages from Chapter 1

Transcription

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