KarelIV opraveno.cdr

Who was Charles IV
Charles IV (1316-1378) born Wenceslaus (Václav),
was the second king of Bohemia from the House of
Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia also to
become Holy Roman Emperor. He was the eldest son
and heir of King John of Bohemia, who died at the
Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346. Charles inherited
the County of Luxembourg and the Kingdom of
Bohemia from his father. On 2 September 1347,
Charles was crowned King of Bohemia. On 11 July
1346, prince-electors elected him King of the
Romans (rex Romanorum) in opposition to Emperor
Louis IV. Charles was crowned on 26 November 1346
in Bonn. After his opponent died, he was re-elected in
1349 (17 June) and crowned (25 July) King of the
Romans. In 1355 he was crowned King of Italy on 6
January and Holy Roman Emperor on 5 April. With
his coronation as King of Burgundy, delayed until 4
June 1365, he became the personal head of all the
kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Life
Charles was born to King John of Bohemia and
Elisabeth of Bohemia in Prague as Wenceslas
(Václav). He was given the name of his maternal
grandfather Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia. He
chose the name Charles at his confirmation in honor
of his uncle, King Charles IV of France, at whose court
he was resident for seven years.
He received French education and was literate and
fluent in five languages: Latin, Czech, German,
French, and Italian. In 1331 he gained some
experience of warfare in Italy with his father. From
1333 he administered the lands of the Bohemian
Crown due to his father's frequent absence and
deteriorating eyesight. In 1334, he was named
Margrave of Moravia, the traditional title for heirs to
the throne. Two years later, he assumed the
government of Tirol on behalf of his brother, John
Henry, and was soon actively involved in a struggle
for the possession of this county.
King of Bohemia, Count of Luxemburg
Reign 26 August 1346 – 29 November 1378
Coronation
2 September 1347, Prague
Predecessor
John of Bohemia
Successor
Wenceslaus IV
King of the Romans (King in Germany)
Reign 11 July 1346 – 29 November 1378
Coronation
26 November 1346, Bonn
Predecessor
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Successor
Wenceslaus I
Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy
Reign 6 January/5 April 1355 – 29 November 1378
Coronation
6 January 1355, Milan (Italian royal)
5 April 1355, Rome (imperial)
Predecessor
Louis IV
Successor
Sigismund I
King of Burgundy
Reign 4 June 1365–29 November 1378
Coronation
4 June 1365, Besançon
Successor
Sigismund I
Spouse
Blanche of Valois
Anna of Bavaria
Anna von Schweidnitz
Elizabeth of Pomerania
Charles IV
“the Father of the Country”
King of Bohemia, Lombard, Roman; emperor of Rome;
margrave of Moravia and count of Luxemburg
Charles University
The most important Czech school is situated in
Prague. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe
in continuous operation, and a top university in
Central and Eastern Europe that also ranks among
the 1.5 percent world’s best universities.
commerce and tourism.In the 15th century, the
Novoměstská radnice, or New Town Hall, was the
site of the first of the three defenestrations of
Prague.
Charles Bridge
The bridge was originally called the Stone Bridge or
the Prague Bridge. Charles Bridge is the eldest
bridge in Prague and the second eldest in the Czech
republic. It was founded in 1357, after the original
Judita’s Bridge was destroyed by flood. There are 30
baroque statues and statuaries along Charles Bridge.
St. Vitus Cathedral
Karlštejn
Charles Bridge
Saint Vitus' Cathedral, a Roman Catholic cathedral, is
the seat of the Archbishop of Prague. This cathedral is
an excellent example of Gothic architecture and it is
the biggest and most important church in the
country. It contains the tombs of many Bohemian
kings and Holy Roman. Emperors.
St. Vitus Cathedral
New Town
The New Town is a quarter in the city of Prague in
the Czech Republic. The New Town was founded in
1348 by Charles IV just outside the city walls to the
east and south of the Old Town. There are many
secular and educational buildings in the New Town,
but also especially magnificent gothic and baroque
churches. New Town's most famous landmark is
Wenceslas Square, which was originally built as a
horsemarket and now serves as a center of
Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Rom
an_Emperor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Town,_Prague
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_University_in_
Prague
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%C5%A1tejn
Karlštejn
Karlštejn Castle is a large Gothic castle founded 1348
AD by Charles IV, The Holy Roman Emperor and King
of Bohemia. The castle served as a place for
safekeeping the Imperial Regalia as well as the
Bohemian/Czech crown jewels, holy relics, and other
royal treasures. Located about 30 km southwest of
Prague above the village of the same name, it is one of
the most famous and most frequently visited castles in
the Czech Republic.
History
Founded in 1348, the construction works were
directed by the later Karlštejn burgrave Vitus of Bítov,
but there are no records of the builder himself.
Following the outbreak of the Hussite Wars, the
Imperial Regalia were evacuated in 1421 and brought
via Hungary to Nuremberg. In 1422, during the siege of
the castle, Hussite attackers used biological warfare
when Prince Sigismund Korybut used catapults to
throw dead bodies and 2000 carriage-loads of dung
over the walls, apparently managing to spread
infection among the defenders.
The castle underwent several reconstructions: in late
Gothic style after 1480, in Renaissance style in the last
quarter of the 16th century.
Later, the Bohemian crown jewels were moved to the
castle and were kept there for almost two centuries,
with some short breaks. In 1487 the Big Tower was
damaged by fire and during the 16th century there
were several adaptations. During the Thirty Years'
War in 1619, the coronation jewels and the archive
were brought to Prague, and in 1620 the castle was
turned over to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
After having been conquered in 1648 by Swedes, it fell
in disrepair. Finally, a neo-Gothic reconstruction was
carried out by Josef Mocker between 1887 and 1899,
giving the castle its present look.
The nearby village was founded during the
construction of the castle and bore its name until it was
renamed to Buda in the wake of the Hussite Wars.
Renamed to Budňany in the 18th century, it was
merged with Poučník and called Karlštejn. There is a
golf club named after the castle nearby.