annual report. 08 - Eco

Transcription

annual report. 08
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www.ecoemballages.fr
contents
Editorial by Eric Guillon, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Eco-Emballages.... 3
Interview with Éric Brac de La Perrière, CEO of Eco-Emballages.................................. 4
Chap. I
Serving a shared ambition...................................................................................... 6
• Eco-Emballages relies on the commitment of all parties involved in the waste
chain: businesses, local authorities, recycling channels, waste and recycling
industry federations, citizens and even consumer and environmental protection
associations. Thanks to the commitment of all these parties, Eco-Emballages
has been serving the general interest since 1992.
Roundup in pictures...................................................................................................................... 26
Chap. II
Collective and sustainable performance............................................. 30
• By the end of 2012, 75% of all waste should be recycled, in accordance with
the target set by the Grenelle de l’environnement. With this goal in mind,
Eco-Emballages and its partners have strengthened their ties to optimize
the efficiency of the system. Recycle more while abiding by the principles of
economic, social and environmental performance - that is the challenge they
must now take up.
The Environmental Management System.............................................................................. 44
Key figures for 2008...................................................................................................................... 45
Financial summary......................................................................................................................... 46
2
E
co-Emballages conducted its business in normal conditions for the
first eleven months of the year: we
worked alongside our partners to
reduce the amount of packaging at
source, optimize selective collection and sorting, raise citizens’ awareness, mobilize them
and increase the proportion of recycled waste.
In December 2008, Eco-Emballages regrettably experienced difficulties following a risky
investment of a portion of its cash, which was
frozen following the financial crisis.
Provisions amounting to 48.6 million euros had
to be made for financial period 2008 to offset
potential losses. Although no cuts were made
in aid given to local authorities, this situation
revealed the need to tighten up our internal procedures and led to the dismissal of the CEO.
Everything has been done to avoid a similar
situation in future.
Since December 2008, an audit has been conducted by audit firm Deloitte at the request of
the Board of Directors, an Audit Committee has
been set up and an Executive Board made up of
members of the Board of Directors has worked
closely with management and myself in this difficult period. I should take this opportunity to
pay tribute to the sense of responsibility shown
by Eco-Emballages’ directors and thank them
for their commitment, which is further evidence
of the attachment of companies to our collective
initiative in favour of the environment. I would
also like to thank all Eco-Emballages staff, who
have more than ever displayed their profession-
alism and commitment alongside our partners.
It’s essential, because 2008 was the year of the
Grenelle de l’environnement (the French multipartite environmental summit), which underscored the Extended Producer Responsibility
principle and asserted a commendable ambition for the household packaging sector, namely
recycling 75% of household packaging by 2012.
From now on, this goal will be our framework for
action. Volume retailers represented by associations ANIA (National Association of Food Industries) and ILEC (Liaison and research Institute
of the consumer products industries) have
already affirmed their willingness to help achieve
this objective when they signed an agreement
with the Ministry for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Planning in October 2008,
in particular by reinforcing their prevention and
ecodesign programmes for packaging. But this
goal is quite naturally a collective one, and it can
only be achieved if all those concerned – responsible consumers, local authorities, associations,
businesses and recycling and waste professionals - step up their efforts.
Éric Brac de La Perrière, who was appointed
CEO on 7th April last, will be responsible for leading Eco-Emballages and its partners towards
the realization of this ambition, by securing the
necessary support and mobilization for it to
succeed. I am convinced that the pertinent ecoorganization model, the principle of which was
reasserted on the occasion of the Grenelle de
l’environnement, will once again enable France’s
aims to be achieved.
§
Éric GUILLON
Chairman of the
Board of Directors
of Eco-Emballages
Editorial
“From shared responsibility
to collective performance”
3
Interview
Interview
Y
ou were appointed CEO in April
2009: what is your vision of EcoEmballages?
Eco-Emballages and Adelphe
were set up to abide by the EPR (Extended
Produc er Responsibility) principle. 95%
of the packaged products released on the
market in France every year bear the Green
Dot. Eco-Emballages is an eco-organization
that efficiently manages the end-of-life stage
of household packaging. This makes a very real
contribution to the sustainable development
of our society. Consumers have realized that
sorting and recycling create new raw materials
and reduce the ecological impact of packaging.
Through Eco-Emballages, over 47,000 companies in France participate in a virtuous and
collective process, which helps achieve environmental and societal aims of benefit to all.
We should recall that 3 million tons of packaging material were recycled in 2008,
thereby cutting CO2 emissions by 1.8 million tons. The recycling sector has created
100,000 jobs, 28,000 of them in selective
collection. To carry out this task, waste management firms rely on the competence and
efficiency of the local authority services.
In return, Eco-Emballages aids them financially by allocating over 92% of its expenditure to them. The results bear out the economic and ecological efficiency of the model.
4
“ Sorting and recycling
household packaging
makes a very real
contribution to the
sustainable development
of our society.”
How do you view the problems EcoEmballages experienced in December
2008?
This was primarily a management problem.
I got involved from December 2008 alongside Eco-Emballages’ teams and its Board
of Directors to resolve the difficult situation in
which the company found itself. I took great
pains to restore confidence, and that is still
my main mission today. This requires greater
openness, more cross-departmental communication and listening more to others. The
problems have now been resolved. What is
now at stake is rebuilding a new Eco-Emballages with our partners.
What precisely are these new
challenges?
The Grenelle de l’environnement gave EcoEmballages an ambitious target, namely
achieving a recycling rate of 75% by the
end of 2012. In 2008 this stood at 63%. The
additional 12% is obviously hard to achieve,
because that represents an additional
500,000 tons of waste to sort and recycle
by 2012.
Eco-Emballages and all its partners are mobilized and determined to achieve it. A 75%
waste recycling rate presupposes mobilizing the French to sort more and better, local
authorities having more efficient collection
Eco-Emballages — 2008 Annual Report
What part will Eco-Emballages play in
meeting the 75% target?
First and foremost, accomplishing the missions we have been given, to create a climate
of confidence. Then we need to be more outward-looking to ensure the requirements of all
Eco-Emballages’ partners are met. Therefore,
we are preparing an approval in a concerted
and sharing spirit. This collaborative process
will help us consolidate Eco-Emballages and
mobilize all our forces to achieve the goals of
the Grenelle de l’environnement. Interview
and sorting systems, better prevention on
the part of businesses, sustainable outlets
for recycled materials in a depressed economic climate and closer ties with consumer
and environmental protection associations.
Lastly, the process in its entirety must be
backed by the authorities.
5
Éric Brac
de la Perrière
Chief Executive Officer
of Eco-Emballages
Chap. I
Chap. I
Chap. I
Operation,
organization
and missions
Collective commitment............................................................ page 8
6
Committed stakeholders....................................................... page 10
A concerted venture............................................................... page 12
A balanced economic model............................................... page 14
A collective ambition............................................................... page 16
Promoting eco-design for packaging. .............................. page 18
Optimizing selective collection mechanisms.................. page 20
Developing the recycling industry. ..................................... page 22
Urging citizens to be eco-responsible and sort............. page 24
◗ The sorting and recycling system for household packaging depends on
the commitment of all parties concerned: companies that sell packaged goods, the local
authorities, recycling channels, citizens, consumer and environmental protection
associations. It is such commitment that has enabled Eco-Emballages to accomplish
its missions since 1992, serving local authorities and businesses: promoting
eco-design, financially aiding local authorities, optimizing collection services and
developing the recycling industry. Finally, the last essential mission of Eco-Emballages
is to inform and raise awareness among the general public. This has evidently been
A founding principle:
Extended Producer
Responsibility
Chap. I
a success, because 59.6 million French people can now sort their packaging.
7
E
co-Emballages and Adelphe were
formed on the initiative of the
authorities and businesses within
the framework of the decree dated
1st April 1992, henceforth codified
in the Code de l’Environnement. What was
at stake was to achieve compliance with
European environmental standards policy in
terms of Extended Producer Responsibility.
This principle states that any company (producer, distributor or importer) marketing
packaged products in France intended for
consumer use must “contribute to the disposal of its household packaging waste or
make suitable provision in that respect”.
This decree has elicited a big response from
companies keen on asserting their social and
environmental responsibility. This convergence of economic and political forces gave
birth to the first French eco-organization
entirely dedicated to sustainable development, both in its conception and implemen-
tation. Its precise missions are to organize,
maintain and enhance selective collection,
sorting, recycling and reuse of household
packaging nationwide.
But without the involvement of other economic players concerned with the life
cycle of packaging, this could not have
succeeded. Gradually the system has been
put in place with their involvement: responsible consumers, who sort their packaging for
recycling purposes; local authorities, which
are operationally responsible for implementing selective collection, running waste
treatment centres and which keep citizens
informed; not forgetting the recycling industry, which processes waste household packaging to produce new materials.
Eco-Emballages and Adelphe thus operate
according to a principle of co-responsibility
and for fifteen years have been able to count on
a chain of players standing united to help create
a better environment for future generations. §
Chap. I
operation
Chap. I / Operation, organization and missions
Recycling packaging:
a collective
commitment
F
or the French waste packaging sorting and recycling system to work,
each partner concerned must play
its part and contribute to collective
performance. Thanks to the involvement of
all, Eco-Emballages and Adelphe can exceed
European household packaging recycling
targets.
THE FIRST LINK IN THE CHAIN: COMPANIES
The 47,000 (1) member companies that market packaged goods intended for consumers pay a financial contribution (about 0.6
euro-cents per item of packaging in 2008) to
Eco-Emballages, which along with the resale
of the collected materials finances approxi-
THE ‘Green Dot’, A SYMBOL
of RESPONSIBILITY
8
• The Green Dot on packaging means
that the company that markets the product has
adopted and financially contributes to the waste
packaging recycling system organized by EcoEmballages and Adelphe. This does not necessarily
mean that the packaging should be sorted or contains recycled material.
•
95 %
of household packaging in France
bears the Green Dot.
• Found on over
400 billion
products in
32 countries, the Green Dot is the most used
logo in the world. Use of this registered trade-
mately 60% of the total cost of managing
household waste packaging. In parallel, the
companies, with the support of Eco-Emballages, work to improve the design and reduce
the environmental impact of their packaging.
Consumers play a twofold role: purchasing
products that come with less packaging or
packaging that is easier to recycle, and sorting their waste packaging. Eco-Emballages
plays an active part in raising consumer
awareness, as do the consumer and environmental protection associations and local
authorities.
59.6 MILLION POTENTIAL SORTERS
Once the packaging has been sorted, the role
of the local authority in charge of selective
collection comes into play. Thanks to the
contributions paid by companies, EcoEmballages provides 1,240 local authorities, (98% of French municipalities, or over
59.6 million inhabitants) with financial support. It is also up to the local authorities,
along with Eco-Emballages, to enhance their
collection and sorting systems and make
them more efficient at a lower or equivalent
cost. They then sell the sorted materials to
recycling contractors. Recycled packaging is
then used to manufacture everyday articles
with a view to avoid wasting natural resources.
The united chain of stakeholders contributes to making the circular economy thus
created more efficient and sustainable.§
mark is subject to prior authorization.
(1) Consolidated figures (Eco-Emballages and Adelphe).
THE AUTHORITIES
In
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9
Provide informa
t
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and raise awarenes
s
Information
aid
ial
anc
Fin pport
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Chap. I
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Define public policy,
issue approval and regulate
Committed stakeholders
Bernard Casnin,
Chap. I
Sustainable development
policy officer, CGL (1)
10
“France is the only
European country
to have united all
the stakeholders”.
“We have actively
participated in the running of
Eco-Emballages since 1993,
not only through our
membership of the Approval
Commission, but also
because we follow and
regularly assess this ecoorganization’s activities.
Finally, we managed to set
up an Associative
Committee in EcoEmballages which, as its
name suggests, brings
together the members of
consumer and environmental
protection associations every
other month. We represent
the population: our presence
is thus essential in an
organization that includes all
stakeholders in sorting and
recycling. What’s more,
France is the only European
country to have united all the
stakeholders. Naturally, other
parties (industrialists, local
authorities, etc.) have a lot of
influence, and our interests
often diverge. But we
continue to work together in
the general interest.” §
(1) Confédération Générale du
Logement. (Housing Confederation).
“The whole philosophy behind the system
that created the eco-organization is based on
the principle of solidarity between
all those involved.”
Michel Gardes,
Chairman & Managing Director,
Interfilière Matériaux (Association representative of the
5 material channels)
“The role of material channels, which are in charge of the
industrial aspect of recycling, is historic and dates back to the
formation of Eco-Emballages. It has nonetheless evolved over
time, growing in importance, and not without reason: the
recycling rate (quantities processed) has constantly risen year
by year, now standing at 60% and soon 75%. Our involvement
within Eco-Emballages, of which I am a director, is thus
essential, because the whole philosophy behind the system
that created the eco-organization is based on the principle of
solidarity between all those involved. That is why regular
committee meetings bringing together local authorities,
industries, companies and associations are also very
important: they enable us to exchange views, improve
the system and, above all, anticipate the challenges that await
us in the years to come.”
§
Meeddat (1)
“The objective set by the
Grenelle de l’environnement
regarding recycling is
ambitious: 75% by 2012.
Work is now underway
with a view to approving
all organizations in the
packaging chain, and this
should enable the target
to be met. This work will also
focus on other structural
changes advocated
by the Grenelle : managing
non-household packaging,
adjusting the source
contribution to take better
account of environmental
issues, the degree to which
the cost of collection, sorting
and processing is covered
by the producers, and the
standardization of signage.
MEEDDAT has reasserted
its support for Extended
Producer Responsibility
organizations with regard
to waste management.
It has also stressed the need
for better regulation of
eco-organizations on
the one hand, and the need
to harmonize industrial
chains on the other.
Eco-Emballages’ activities
will thus continue to be
conducted within a revised
framework”.
§
“Eco-Emballages’
activities will
continue to be
conducted within a
revised framework.”
“The French
household waste
management model
is an intelligent
model, because it is
jointly conceived.”
Jacques Pélissard,
“Our ambition is to increasingly raise
consumers’ awareness, since they are
our partners in protecting the environment.”
Jean-René Buisson,
President of ANIA (2)
“Environmental protection can only be a joint and inclusive
process involving both corporate partners and consumers.
With regard to the issue of packaging, their responsibility is
indeed equally shared, and they must constantly work closely
with the stakeholders of the waste chain and local authorities.
Only through the mobilization of all can the system succeed.
As far as companies are concerned, it is our responsibility to
continue the process initiated in the mid-1990s, by further
developing eco-design. Our ambition also includes
increasingly raising consumers’ awareness, since they are our
partners in protecting the environment: by sorting their waste
packaging, consumers reduce the ecological impact of the
products they buy. All these are projects for which we can
count on the advice and support of Eco-Emballages”.
§
(1) MEEDDAT : Ministry for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development
and Planning.
(2) ANIA : National Association of Food Industries.
Chap. I
Laurent Michel,
President of the AMF
(The French mayors
association)
“Achieving the ambitious rate
of 75% of recycled household
packaging fixed by the
Grenelle de l’environnement
requires the commitment of
all stakeholders in the waste
chain. The French household
waste management model is
an intelligent model, because
it is jointly conceived. In the
future, the challenge will be to
improve still further the results
of selective collection and
mobilize all parties involved,
starting with the public: the
entire population must
consciously and responsibly
commit to sorting its waste.
And it is up to us, as
representatives of the local
authorities, to spur on this
essential collective
mobilization”. §
11
A concerted
venture
Chap. I
F
12
ormed in 1992, Eco-Emballages is a
public limited company under private
law in which mass consumer industrialists have a 70% stake, recycling channels a 20% stake and distributors a 10% stake. Eco-Emballages is
approved by the authorities, within the framework of an Approval Commission comprising
representatives of its stakeholders (businesses, the four ministries having responsibility for the sector – Ministry for Ecology, Energy,
Sustainable Development and Planning, Ministry of the Interior, Overseas territories and
Local Authorities, Ministry for the Economy,
Industry and Employment, and the Ministry
of Agriculture and Fishing – the local authorities, consumer and environmental protection
associations, the material channels, the federations of waste and recycling industries).
The current approval expires on 31st December 2010. In order to assess achievements,
prepare for the next approval process
and ensure it meets the expectations of all
those concerned, Eco-Emballages engaged
in wide-ranging consultations with its partners in the second half of 2008, and will
continue this process in 2009, under the aegis
of MEEDDAT.
lages and includes industrialists in the mass
consumer sector.
• The Audit Committee, which was set up in
March 2009, prepares and clarifies the Board’s
work in the following areas: preparation of the
company’s financial statements, relations with
auditors, the internal control and risk management system as well as internal auditing.
• The Consultative Approval Commission
brings together quarterly all the representatives of the scheme’s seven partners. Public authority representatives also sit on it. Its
remit is to control and monitor the projects
and activities of approved companies like
Eco-Emballages as well as vote on whether
or not to renew the authorizations of ecoorganizations.
AND CONSULTATIVE BODIES
• Steering committees are cooperative bodies that prepare action programmes relating
to the collection and recycling of household
waste packaging. These programmes are
then submitted to the Boards of Directors of
the channel concerned and of Eco-Emballages. Five committees (one per channel)
have been set up: aluminium, steel, paper and
cardboard, plastic and glass. Each committee comprises six members: three from the
channel and three from the packagers.
• The Boards of Directors of Ecopar and
Eco-Emballages bring together the representatives of companies, industrialists, distributors and material channels. The Board of
Directors of Eco-Emballages also includes a
government observer. In April 2009 the Board
appointed Éric Brac de La Perrière as the
new CEO of Eco-Emballages.
Ecopar is the parent company of Eco-Embal-
• The Associative Committee, set up when
Eco-Emballages was created, comprises
national representatives of consumer and
environmental protection associations. Its
aim: to keep associations informed about
Eco-Emballages’ activities and work with
them on common subjects. This consultative
body convenes around four times a year.
DECISION-MAKING
// BOARD MEMBERS OF ECO-EMBALLAGES
Éric Brac de La Perrière CEO since April 2009 / Éric Guillon Chairman of the Board of Directors.
The Chairman organizes and oversees the work of the Board of Directors and ensures that both the Board of Directors and
the General Shareholders’ Meeting run smoothly. The CEO is vested with the necessary powers to act in the company’s name
in any circumstances, subject to the limitation of powers decided by the Board of Directors.
DIRECTORS (2008)
Jean-Pierre Bagard
Patrick BARTHE
Main office/duties
of the director or his representative
Chairman & Managing Director – Coca-Cola Entreprise
Chairman – Union for the development of food-processing industries
Éric BASCLE
Executive Director in charge of External Relations – Carrefour
Denis CANS
Chairman – Nestlé Waters France
Philippe DELOFFRE
Bertrand DENIS de SENNEVILLE
Interfilière Matériaux represented
by Michel GARDES
Groupe Bel Honorary Chairman – Eco-Emballages
Director of Social Relations– L’Oréal
Chairman & Managing Director
Philippe-Loïc JACOB
General Secretary– Groupe Danone
Jean-Baptiste LUCAS
Chairman – France Aluminium Recyclage
Georges ORTOLA
Georges ROBIN
Claude SENDOWSKI
Loïc TASSEL
Chairman of the Board of Directors – Adelphe
Chairman – Conseil National de l’Emballage
Managing Director – Groupe Sodiaal and Candia
Chairman – Procter & Gamble France
OBSERVERS (2008)
Name
Jean-René BUISSON
Chairman – Ania
Géraud DELORME
CEO – Valorplast
Gérard LEBAUDY
Chairman – French Biscuit Union
Noël MANGIN
General Delegate – Procelpac
Francis PETIT
National recycling delegate – Arcelor Mittal Packaging
Francis PETRE
Chairman – Fiac
AFED
FCD (Distribution)
ILEC
NET V&S France
State control Chap. I
Name
Represented by Michel–Laurent Pinat, General Delegate
Represented by Jérôme Bedier, President
Represented by Olivier Desforges, President
Represented by Patrice Robichon
Represented by Dominique Viel
13
• The Contribution Scale Committee comprises representatives of companies elected
by Eco-Emballages’ shareholders and representatives of the material channels. Their
remit is to prepare a recommendation on
corporate contribution scale for companies
before submitting it for the approval of the
Board of Directors.
Chap. I
• The Materials Information Committees,
which are provided for in the approval, bring
together the French Mayors Association,
approved companies, the Interfilière Matériaux and professional federations FNADE
14
(the French Federation of waste management
services) and FEDEREC (French Federation
of recycling companies) once a year to assess
sales of recycled materials.
• The Consultative Committee comprises
representatives of local authorities and works
with Eco-Emballages on the basis of the work
of the Technical Committee, which comprises
technicians from local authorities.
Among other things, it gives an opinion on all
aspects relating to the scale of downstream
aid for local authorities to help them run selective collection and sorting in their areas. §
A balanced
economic model
T
o manage household waste packaging within the framework of EcoEmballages’ system, local authorities
have two main sources of funding.
– Aid paid by Eco-Emballages, which consists of contributions from companies. This is
paid to local authorities in proportion to their
recycling performance as well as the volume
and quality of their sorting.
– The proceeds of sales of recycled materials to industrialists and merchants. In
2008, these totalled approximately 130 million euros (and 20 additional million for energy
generation), with an increase, quite marked in
recent years, due to the fairly sharp rise in the
market prices and tonnages of resold materials. The economic crisis and the recent fall in
the price of raw materials should bring down
proceeds in 2009, but should not adversely
affect the system’s finances for all that.
These two sources of funding now make
up over 60% of the total cost of managing
household waste packaging in France. Ultimately, when collection and sorting have
improved in efficiency, the target set by the
Grenelle de l’environnement is to fund 80%
of net optimized costs.
This funding system primarily relies on the
aids paid by Eco-Emballages and the sale
of recycled materials allows local authorities
to curb tax increases and keep the public’s
contribution from rising.
THE ECONOMIC BALANCE
OF ECO-EMBALLAGES
The financial contribution of Eco-Emballages
and Adelphe member companies is fixed when
the corporate contribution scale is set and will
increase by 25% on 1st January 2010.
The development of sorting in France in fact
increases the amount of financial support
paid to local authorities. Since the scale of
// PRICING SCALE (UPSTREAM SCALE)
Quantity of packaging
Unit contribution
Members’ contributions
8%
92 %
OPERATING BUDGET
R&D – STUDIES
COMMUNICATION
AID PAID TO LOCAL AUTHORITIES
FOR COLLECTION, SORTING
AND PUBLIC INFORMATION
Sorted quantities
Cost per metric ton
Chap. I
// PRICING SCALE (DOWNSTREAM SCALE)
contributions has not been reviewed since
2004, when receipts and expenses no longer
balanced, the corporate contribution scale
and local authorities support scale need to
be adjusted.
92% of Eco-Emballages’ expenditure is
allocated to aid for local authorities which
implement selective collection and sorting
of household packaging. The remaining 8%
enable Eco-Emballages to develop R&D
and draft studies, run communication and
awareness-raising campaigns and, lastly,
cover its operating expenses.
Financial aid varies from one local authority
to another, being linked to performance. The
downstream scale is thus an incentive: the
more local authorities sort (in terms of quality
and quantity), the more aid they receive. §
THE CORPORATE CONTRIBUTION SCALE,
A PROCESS INVOLVING ALL STAKEHOLDERS
• The next corporate contribution scale will apply
mental protection associations, local authorities,
from 1st January 2010. It is fixed within a very strict
companies, material channels and professional
framework. The Contribution Scale Committee
waste and recycling federations.
proposes a framework for the new scale (with a
breakdown of materials, calculation basis, down-
• Final stage: the authorization is signed by the four
stream expenditure funding needs for local author-
ministries having responsibility for the sector, and
ities, etc.).
it is published in the Official Journal. A relatively long
process (the Contribution Scale Committee has
• These proposals are then submitted to the Board
been working towards an increase since 2007, and
of Directors for approval and presented to the Con-
this will take effect in 2010), but one that ensures
sultative Approval Commission, which includes the
that the concerns and expectations of all those
government authorities, consumer and environ-
involved are taken into consideration.
15
Chap.I / Operation, organization and missions
Experts serving
a collective ambition
P
roximity, reactivity and efficiency:
these are the major ambitions of
Eco-Emballages. To achieve them,
the eco-organization relies on six
central departments organized in a dense
territorial network.
Chap. I
• The Business Services department supports packagers, distributors and importers
of packaged goods and industry organizations. It manages contracts, keeps them
informed and advises them in their prevention
and eco-design processes. It has been run
by Martine Varieras since December 2008.
16
• The Local Authorities Services department administers contracts and manages
relations with the local authorities. It supports them in sustaining and enhancing their
collection and sorting systems as well as in
providing the public with information on sorting. It is run by Vincent Regnouf.
• The Technical and Environment department guarantees effective recycling of materials and is in charge of long-term technical
and environmental planning. It has dealings
with the material channels and professional
federations, which undertake to ensure the
traceability of recycling, essential for the
security of the system. It is headed by Carlos
de Los Llanos.
• The Communication department runs
information and mobilization campaigns
aimed at all parties in the waste-sorting and
recycling chain, including the general public.
It is run by Séverine Lecomte.
• The Human Resources and Training
department invests in continuing vocational
training for all staff. Training organization
since 2003, Eco-Emballages also offers its
partners specialized programmes (training
courses for local authority technicians, sorting ambassadors, associations, etc.).
• The Finance and Management department ensures compliance with Eco-Emballages’ legal, tax, accounting and management
rules. It manages members’ contributions
and the aids paid to local authorities. §
3 regional delegations
serving companies
A new regional breakdown was introduced in 2008 to provide better coverage of members.
ÎLE-DE-FRANCE NORTH
Olivier Albessard
Regional Manager
GREAT EASTERN
Gérard Martinod
Regional Manager
Île-de-France
Jean Devisme
Regional Officer
NORTH
Antoine Jeanneret
Regional Officer
Chap. I
GREAT WESTERN
Pascal Labbé
Regional Manager
17
WEST
Catherine Le Pober
Regional Officer
EAST
Christophe Neumann
Regional Officer
WESTERN CENTRE
Pascal Henaux
Regional Officer
EASTERN CENTRE
Richard Quemin
Regional Officer
SOUTH-WEST
Laure Poddevin
Regional Officer
SOUTH-EAST
Vincent Ochier
Regional Officer
8 regional delegations
serving local authorities
Eco-Emballages can claim strong institutional backing on a local level.
Chap. I
missions
18
Backing, supporting and furthering the reduction of the ecological footprint
of household packaging through eco-design, promoting the processing
of waste packaging as a source of new raw materials: to realize
this ecologically responsible ambition, Eco-Emballages has set itself
four key missions.
Promoting
eco-design
for packaging
P
ackaging is the only type of household waste that has dropped in
weight over the past ten years,
even though consumption has
risen by 25%. This achievement
can be explained by the determination of
companies which have been rethinking the
packaging process to reduce the weight of
packaging and make it more recyclable.
To encourage companies to act very early on
in the industrial process and design packaging
that represents the best compromise between
practicality, costs and the environment, EcoEmballages relies on several levers.
EXTENDING THE PROCESS
OF REDUCTION AT SOURCE
An incentive-based contribution scale,
encouraging companies to reduce the amount
and weight of packaging.
Tools are put at the disposal of companies to measure the impact of packaging on
the environment: technical committees (see
box opposite), lifecycle analyses to assess
the potential impacts on the environment of
a product over its entire lifecycle and, since
2008, a simplified environmental assessment
tool for packaging solutions, BEE (Environmental Assessment of Packaging), devised
with the help of a panel of industrialists and
then presented to the ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency)
and the material channels.
PERSONALIZED SERVICES
Personalized services complete Eco-Emballages’ range of support services: SMEs are
therefore able to benefit, for a period of
RECYCLING ADVISORY SERVICE
Eco-Emballages, together with recycling
contractors, has set up technical structures
dedicated to analyzing new packaging on
the market, defining fitness for recycling
criteria and advising member companies:
COTREP (plastic packaging recycling technical
commitee), formed in 2001 with the CSEMP
(French plastic and flexible packaging
association, now ELIPSO) and Valorplast,
and CEREC (committee for the assessment
of the fitness for recycling of paper
and cardboard packaging), formed in 2007
with REVIPAC.
PACKAGING PERFORMS
THREE FUNCTIONS
Protection: it guarantees the quality and
safety of consumer products.
● Information : it gives consumers useful
information, specific to each brand
(composition, usage instructions, best-before/
use-by date, etc.).
● Adaptation: it evolves along with lifestyles,
with today’s trend of weekly or even monthly
shopping, the needs of single-parent
households and eating/drinking on the move
(single portions).
sixteen weeks, from the intervention of a
student engineer from ESIEC (Engineering School in Packaging) at the end of his
course, with the prospect of making a saving of
between 10 and 20% on packaging, depending
on the material. A rapid diagnosis (two days)
can be carried out by an approved expert
with a view to detecting short-term levers
of optimization. In addition, training sessions in eco-design are held for packaging
engineers working in companies that have
already implemented a prevention approach.
To supplement this training, companies wishing to develop new packaging can get personalized support. Launched early in 2008,
this brand new service dubbed “Partnership
for the Promotion of Eco-design” offers a
collaborative working methodology between
company departments concerned by the
project. §
Chap. I
●
19
144
rapid diagnoses completed
at the end of 2008
Optimizing
selective collection
mechanisms
F
or fifteen or so years, local authorities have been investing massively in
household waste selective collection
and processing systems. As a result,
the cost of all household waste – including
packaging – has doubled. The targets set by
the Grenelle de l’environnement (75% recycling by the end of 2012) encourage local
authorities to perform better at a lower or
equivalent cost.
Chap. I
A CONSTANT SEARCH
20
FOR IMPROVEMENT
This principle of optimization, a process of
continuous improvement, relates to the
performance of the overall local authority
waste management system. It aims to adapt
the service rendered in all its dimensions –
financial, technical and communication – to
cater as closely as possible to the needs
of the public, for each collection and sorting method, and according to the type of
housing.
Over 340 local authorities, representing
around 50% of the French population, were
engaged in this dynamic optimization process at the end of 2008. Eco-Emballages
supports them with financial aids promoting optimization, re-use and communication.
With the “Optimize more” programme, the
eco-organization also offers them a comprehensive range of advisory and consultancy
services, combining technical and communication skills: multidisciplinary teams,
sharing of good practices, training courses,
methodologies. The aim is to support local
authorities throughout the optimization
process, in four steps: inventory, diagnosis,
action plan and implementation and, finally,
evaluation.
EXPERTISE
SERVING OPTIMIZATION
A prerequisite for optimizing waste management is knowing exactly what residents’
expectations are. With this in mind, Eco-
32,000,000
INHABITANTS ARE ALREADY involved IN OPTIMIZATION PROCESSES,
NAMELY ABOUT 1 OUT OF 2 FRENCH PEOPLE.
Nearly 340 local authorities, representing 32 million inhabitants, are already
engaged in optimization processes, following the audit “Cost assessment
support” offered by Eco-Emballages.
A BRIEF TALK WITH…
Pierre Tournier
Director of waste management
at Chambéry Métropole (EcoTop 2005)
When did you start optimizing collection?
In 2003. We have then resolved huge problems
in terms of the quality of collection, our refusal rate
falling from 50% to about 15%!
And we are managing to maintain that level today.
But optimization is an ongoing process that we are
currently continuing.
What are your current priorities in terms of
optimization?
We are under great economic pressure with regard
to the processing of household refuse.
That being the case, our two top priorities are to raise
selective collection tonnages still further (to lower
incinerated tonnages) and to rationalize collection
costs, because that is the only item on which we can
make savings.
What have you put in place to cut costs?
We totally reorganized our collection rounds in 2007
and  2008, which has had positive economic
and social effects (better working conditions
for collection personnel) and positive environmental
effects (lower mileages, so less pollution, etc.)!
In concrete terms, thanks to all these optimization
initiatives, our public collection service has been
awarded the QualiTri label, and our selective collection
has been constantly growing for several years, with 45
kg per capita per annum of recycled packaging in 2007.
Chap. I
Emballages has implemented two complementary tools: Indicom, which measures the
efficiency of a communication campaign in
real time, and the opinion barometer, to discover inhabitants’ perception of waste management. Local authorities can then compare
their local survey with the national barometer,
which is offered every other year. Since 2007,
60 local authorities (representing 11 million
inhabitants) have conducted an opinion poll,
representing 40,000 people polled.
Eco-Emballages is particularly keen on promoting the most exemplary practices. A network of 13 “showcase sites” shows what
works in situ and puts those local authorities having progressed the most in household waste management in the spotlight.
In the same spirit, EcoTop trophies have,
since 2005, been awarded to the three local
authorities that have developed the most efficient optimization processes.
With the targets of the Grenelle de l’environnement in mind, Eco-Emballages has more
particularly developed expertise in blocks
of flats, where there is the highest potential for growth with a view to achieving the
75% recycling target. Sorting in such types
of housing is lower than the national average
(29.5 kg per capita per annum, against 44.5),
whereas nearly 40 million people live in urban
or suburban areas, where blocks of flats and
housing estates predominate. §
21
Developing
the recycling industry
F
Chap. I
ifteen years of cooperation with all
the industrial players has resulted
in a mature and dynamic market
for recycled packaging materials,
the sales of which totalled 130 million euros at the end of 2008. For 2009, the
impact of the economic crisis on the recycled materials market (a significant drop in
receipts from the resale of sorted materials)
confirms that the organization of stable
and sustainable channels is a key issue
in ensuring the future of materials originating
from selective collection.
22
115
AUDITS conducted
since 2006.
ENSURING THE TRACEABILITY
OF sorted TONNAGES
In order to control the use of these materials
and ascertain that they are actually recycled,
Eco-Emballages has set up a reporting
system that conditions aid granted to local
authorities and verifies the accuracy of their
statements, namely through regular audits.
WORKING HAND IN HAND
WITH INDUSTRIALISTS
In parallel, Eco-Emballages has a technical mission to contribute both to developing channels for recycled materials and
improving the fitness for recycling of the
packaging itself. The challenge is to ensure
that the industrialists and merchants who
recover materials from the selective collection and sorting process achieve a regular
and homogeneous standard matching the
changing requirements of all the industries
that integrate such materials into the manufacturing of their products. Investment in new
technologies (for instance, grading by colour
of glass) broadens the scope of the channels.
For plastics, the integration of recycled materials in food packaging is paving the way for
continuous recycling.
mixtures) can increase recycling constraints.
Faced with these changes, Eco-Emballages
offers industrialists the benefit of its expertise
to ensure that they continue to take these
issues into account: solutions must be found
to ensure that innovation does not create
insurmountable restrictions on the recycling
of materials. §
Guaranteed removal, in accordance with
the book of clauses signed with two professional federations - FNADE (the French Federation of Waste Management Services) and
FEDEREC (French Federation of recycling
companies): operators that are members
of these two federations also guarantee
recovery and recycling, and negotiate price
scales directly with the local authorities.
Guaranteed recovery, under the framework
agreement between Eco-Emballages and the
material channels. This gives local authorities the assurance that the materials will be
removed and recycled, it also offers the same
price nationwide, calculated according to
national or international rates.
Removal from local authorities outside any
framework agreement: the purchase price
and the sales clauses (removal guarantee,
recycling certificate, term of contract, etc.)
are negotiated on a case-by-case basis by
the local authority and the purchaser.
The stability of the financial aid granted by
Eco-Emballages and other approved companies, regardless of the removal method,
preserves most of the funding and ensures
the sustainability of the system.
FOR RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION
The innovation process spurring on the
packaging industry adds real value to the
packaged product, but can sometimes
cause major problems in the technical sorting processes. The movement is contradictory: for instance, marketing new generation
plastic packaging (containing new resins or
Chap. I
LOCAL AUTHORITIES ARE FREE
TO CHOOSE ONE OF THREE MATERIALS
RECOVERY SCHEMES
23
55%
OF GLASS BOTTLES
ARE MADE
WITH RECYCLED GLASS.
Urging citizens to
be eco-responsible
and sort
Chap. I
W
hile the French believe in
the virtues of recycling
(87% state that they regularly recycle according to
the Cofremca-Sociovison
observatory 2008), there is still a gap between
words and deeds. Communicating with the
public to change everyday behaviour is thus
a key imperative for Eco-Emballages. The aim
is threefold: urge regular ‘sorters’ to sort more
and better, enable them to be more efficient
by giving them all the necessary information,
and promote more responsible consumer
behaviour.
SUPPORT IN MANY FORMS
In this framework, Eco-Emballages uses a
combined national and local awarenessraising mechanism.
24
– National and multi-media communication systems: members of the public can
find answers to their questions by viewing
the various information modules at www.
ecoemballages.fr. More selective campaigns
provide clearer information on the environmental impacts of recycling and encourage
regular sorters: national poster campaigns,
Recyclades®, organized in 2009 during the
sustainable development week, messages on
packaging (see chapter 2).
– Changing the way people behave presupposes regular communication aimed
directly at inhabitants. Eco-Emballages thus
supports the efforts of local authorities by
offering them a range of local communication
tools. Here the emphasis is more particularly
placed on verbal communication, primarily
by sorting ambassadors, whose recruitment
and training are financially supported by EcoEmballages.
– To encourage the French to continue sorting
outside their homes, Eco-Emballages has
entered into a number of partnerships with
private-sector and institutional
organizations in the leisure, holiday and transport sectors: SNCF,
UNAT (French union of tourism associations), Pavillon Bleu,
Vacances Propres, Angoulême
International Comics
Festival, etc. §
SORTING AMBASSADORS RECRUITED
AND TRAINED WITH THE BACKING OF
ECO-EMBALLAGES.
Bruno Genty
Director of FNE
(France Nature Environnement)
Sorting has become an instinctive reflex for many
citizens. Can they do even more?
Yes, of course they can!
Upstream, when a responsible consumer makes
a purchase, he plays an important role by supporting
products that use fewer resources and, above all,
generate less waste once used.
Sorting is fine, but throwing away less is even better!
Taxpayers complain of the cost of managing waste
collection, but they also have a responsibility to
actively participate and show that they are capable
of producing less waste and being better consumers.
Are you optimistic in this respect?
Yes, people’s behaviour is changing for the better.
Here’s an example: just look at the battery section
in a supermarket. Only a few years ago, rechargeable
batteries were in a tiny minority. Nowadays they take up
a good third of the shelf space, which proves that
they have been adopted by consumers!
That’s just one of many positive signs.
But do consumers really have a choice?
Of course they do! At the supermarket, rather
than buying fruit packed in an expensive punnet,
they can buy it loose, not only to save money but also
for the good of the environment. Similarly, it is always
cheaper to buy a 1-kg, large, family-sized packet of
pasta than four packets of 250 g, which are more
expensive and generate more waste!
Chap. I
2,300
25
Roundup in pictures
+ 100 %
26
The number of sorters has doubled in
15 years. Sorting and recycling top the list of things 87% of French
people are prepared to do for the environment. Nowadays, 59.6 million
French citizens can sort their packaging.
30 million
metric tons of household packaging
have been recycled since 1993. With nearly 63% of packaging recycled
in 2008, France has exceeded the targets of the European directive,
which were set at 55% for 2008.
Roundup in pictures
27
Roundup in pictures
17 million 28
metric tons of CO2 emissions saved
over the past 15 years thanks to the recycling of household packaging,
which is approximately equivalent to 800,000 fewer cars on the roads
every year.
28,000
direct jobs created in the selective collection
and recycling of household packaging. These jobs are often secure
at local level and are taken up by many participants in integration
programmes.
Roundup in pictures
29
Chap. II
Chap. II
Chap. II
Collective
and sustainable
performance
Sorting has now become a daily reflex............................ page 32
30
The 75% target. ....................................................................... page 34
15 years serving the environment...................................... page 36
Optimizing industrial structures.......................................... page 38
A mature industry enjoying sustainable growth. ........... page 40
Recycling more by controlling costs................................. page 42
◗ The French have assimilated sorting as a natural everyday act for fifteen years.
The efforts Eco-Emballages has made in information and communication, together
with its partners, have helped make sorting a daily reflex. But sorting one’s packaging
can and must be made even more efficient in the coming years. By the end of 2012,
75% of all waste should be recycled, in accordance with the target set by the Grenelle
de l’environnement. With this goal in mind, Eco-Emballages and its partners have
strengthened their ties to optimize the efficiency of the system. Recycle more while
abiding by the principles of economic, social and environmental performance -
Chap. II
that is the challenge they must now take up.
Pioneers
of sustainable
development
F
ifteen years ago, few people would
have imagined that the green revolution of selective collection would take
root so quickly in French society and
the economy. Since then, the widely accepted
and recognised facts speak for themselves:
the French are sorting their household
packaging more and more; the innovative
economic model on which the household
packaging system is based has proved its
relevance and has served as a model for
other European countries; the environment
is better preserved year after year thanks to
lower CO2 emissions and savings in water,
energy and non-renewable resources made
possible by the recycling of packaging.
Through such achievements, Eco-Emballages and its partners have demonstrated
their ability to mobilize in order to tackle the
sustainable development issues faced by
society, the economy and the environment.
§
31
Sorting has now
become a daily reflex
T
he French are sorting their packaging
more and more. This growing sense
of responsibility on the part of the
population regarding environmental issues is the fruit of educational work and
information provided by Eco-Emballages and
its partners.
TEACHING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
In 2008, French people on average sorted
44.5 kg of their household waste packaging,
compared with a few kilos of glass in 1992. It
has just taken fifteen years for this to become
Chap. II
society
Chap. II / Collective and sustainable performance
32
100 kg
OF PACKAGING ARE SORTED
EVERY SECOND TO BE RECYCLED.
a daily habit for 87% of French consumers,
one which was in no way natural to start
with (1). The facts speak for themselves: waste
packaging is the only environmental issue
that has altered the behaviour of the French
so radically and quickly. In that respect, sorting and selective collection act as daily
lessons in sustainable development, the
issues of which they helped promote long
before society at large took up the cause.
MORE AND BETTER INFORMATION
This achievement is the fruit of information
and awareness-raising campaigns run by
Eco-Emballages and all its stakeholders.
From the time of its inception, the eco-organization rolled out a communication campaign
on this cause urging people to sort (how and
why) and win over the general public. This is
still a social issue today. As for other great
causes (smoking, road safety, etc.), which can
only progress if people’s behaviour changes,
achievements can only be sustained
through messages repeated at regular
intervals. Local authorities are particularly
concerned by this necessary repetition of
information, but the commitment of companies in this sense is increasing and they call
on Eco-Emballages to inform their customers
and raise consumer awareness.
The increasing number of recycling channels
also means we must ensure that citizens fully
comprehend what they are being asked to
do.
§
(1) Coremca-Sociovision Barometer 2008.
SORTING CAMPAIGN
15-33 year-olds
This age group has become the priority communication target for
Eco-Emballages, because it sorts less than the average.
To reach it, Eco-Emballages mainly uses the Web,
and in December 2008, it put online an interactive area that is
both recreational and very contemporary in design. Concrete
and practical information on sorting can easily be found. The site
also offers Internet users interactive modules they can forward
to their friends: an eco-calculator, a guide to sorting, the nearest
waste reception centre, etc. Eco-Emballages also intends
to develop a community of sorters through social networks,
which are opinion leaders on the Web.
PACKAGING AS AN AWARENESS-RAISING MEDIUM
In conjunction with the marketing teams of member companies,
Eco-Emballages increased the number of “on-pack” awarenessraising messages in 2008. The aim was to communicate directly
with consumers, explain the ultimate aim of sorting and recycling as
well as urge them to sort better. For instance, a partnership with the
Chambre syndicale des eaux minérales (Federation of mineral water
producers) enabled a powerful message to be printed on all plastic
bottles in circulation in France, urging users to sort their waste.
Chap. II
Eco-Emballages and the AMF (The French mayors association)
renewed their national poster campaign in 2008. Its slogan: “Trier,
c’est préserver” (Sorting is preserving). To ensure maximum impact,
in particular with urban populations, the campaign covered three
complementary and very crowded zones: towns with populations
of over 50,000 inhabitants, stations and the metro.
33
society
The 75% target:
everyone mobilized
N
owadays, when virtually all local
authorities have implemented selective collection, the target of recycling
75% of waste by 2012 requires us
to take this awareness-raising task even further, in order to urge sorters to sort better, and
above all, convince those who do not sort their
waste to do so. The latter are primarily in the
15-33 age bracket and live on housing estates
in urban areas.
Chap. II
NEW INTERMEDIARIES, NEW NETWORKS
34
For group housing, and in close cooperation with the local authorities, Eco-Emballages
issues targeted information (posters, stickers,
guides, etc.), mobilizes new intermediaries
(caretakers, social housing organizations, etc.)
or joins existing programmes (Neighbours’
day, Solidarity amongst neighbours, etc.) to
pass on the message in these blocks of flats.
Messages aimed at the 15-33 age bracket
are concentrated on the Web, the preferred
medium for this age group, which provides both
recreational and precise information thanks to
interactivity (see Eco-Emballages’ public site,
which went online in 2008) and addresses the
increasingly marked preference of public opinion for recommendations issued via networks
76%
OF FRENCH PEOPLE (1) ARE CONVINCED
THAT WASTE SORTING HAS A POSITIVE
IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT.
(1) Poll published by Eco-Emballages on 21/02/2008
on “The issue of waste in the 2008 municipal elections”.
rather than by an institution. With that in mind,
for the 2009 edition of Recyclades® (a campaign
run every other year by Eco-Emballages and
the local authorities), the eco-organization has
embarked on a new mode of communication.
With the aid of social networks (Facebook,
MySpace, etc.) and in over 300 local authorities,
waste sorters of all ages are being mobilized en
masse to recruit new ones. They thereby demonstrate, in their own way, how a large proportion of the population has adopted an individual
habit, above all collective in the space of less
than two decades. §
EDUCATING THE YOUNG
TO GET THEM MORE INVOLVED
Because raising awareness among children
with regard to waste sorting, as soon as their
personalities start to form, encourages it to take
root in a sustainable manner, Eco-Emballages
educates younger citizens in eco-responsibility,
a top priority of its mission. Training courses for
teachers, the creation of teaching aids
(Éco-Junior magazine, which 5,000 classes
subscribe to, Rouletaboule programme, etc.),
partnerships with environmental education
structures… these are just some of the initiatives
that, in addition to sorting, help educate
the young in sustainable development, as is
shown by the Youth Eco-Parliament®,
a programme founded by Eco-Emballages along
with the École et Nature network. This European
scheme, which was created in 2004 and rolled
out in six French regions, allows young people
to have their say and make environment-related
proposals. Its success (10,000 young people
involved pratices in Europe, 3,500 in France)
shows the leading role they want to play in this
matter, and the opportunity their commitment
represents to enduringly alter people’s behaviour.
THE youth Eco-Parliament®
IS BEING DEPLOYED IN THE REGIONS
successful test in the PACA
region (Provence-Alpes-Côtes
d’Azur) in 2007. In the 2008-2009
school year, 3,000 young
people from Ardèche, Béarn,
Île-de-France, Somme and
the PACA region engaged in
a joint project to draft 
a communication plan for
the environment, including
an inventory of local issues
and proposals to raise
awareness among the residents
in their region.
Headmaster of the Carbes primary school (Tarn)
Since when have you been raising awareness
among your pupils regarding environmental issues,
and why?
I started off as a specialized teacher in environmental
affairs before passing the school teacher entrance exam
in 1995. I am very concerned about these issues, and
I immediately wanted to make my pupils aware of
them. So we play an active part in the Éco-École
(Eco-Schools) project: we worked on water issues for
a whole year, and more recently on waste and
consumption, sorting and the reduction of packaging at
source. This year we are concentrating on biodiversity.
1,000
elected
representatives
informed
In 2008, following the municipal
elections, Eco-Emballages
provided information to over
one thousand newly elected
representatives in charge of
waste collection.
Eco-Emballages also trains
sorting ambassadors, as well
as environmental protection
and education associations
to enable them to disseminate
this knowledge, good practices
and information relating
to sorting and recycling
in the territories.
Philippe Rabatel
HERE, I SORT MY
WASTE AS WELL
In 2008, under the slogan “Ici
aussi, je trie” (Here, I sort my
waste as well), Eco-Emballages
pursued its initiatives aimed at
promoting sorting outside
the home. Among other things,
Eco-Emballages organized
selective collection systems at
the summer festivals
(Eurockéennes in Belfort, Brest
2008, Musilac festival, etc.) and
in holiday resorts (camp sites,
beaches, marinas, etc.).
Are your pupils concerned about environmental
questions?
Of course they are, and they are very enthusiastic and
keen when we ask them to work on environmental
issues. Thanks to them, our school has become a real
teaching aid in environmental matters with a garden
and a pond: here, we sort our paper, we grow fruit
in an orchard... All this is tangible, and they like it!
And this isn’t detrimental to traditional school
subjects?
Not at all. Believe me, all these projects help my pupils
find more meaning in their learning, and motive them
more, whether in Maths or French. It’s just another,
more interactive, teaching method.
Chap. II
Several thousand young
Europeans and Canadians
attended the 3rd edition of
the Youth Eco-Parliament® in
Prague in May 2008.
The principle: during the school
year preceding the congress,
young people work together,
on the basis of their local
environmental concerns,
to draw up a collective text
intended for personalities
actively involved in the
environment. In 2008, these
young eco-citizens drafted
a report on the environment
entitled “Let’s change our daily
habits!”. Boosted by its
international success,
Eco-Emballages has deployed
this scheme at national level,
in partnership with the
École et Nature network
and teachers, with an initial
a brief talk with …
35
36
environment
Chap. II
15 years
serving
the environment
C
O 2, water, preserving nonrenewable resources..., the
environmental indicators of the
French selective collection and
recycling system are all green.
A CONSTANTLY IMPROVING PROCESS
Since the founding decree for the selective
collection process coordinated by EcoEmballages, it has constantly performed
better and better, both upstream and downstream. Through their eco-design efforts,
industrialists cut the weight of their packaging by 200,000 tons between 1994 and 2006,
while over the same period, consumption
rose by 25%. For their part, consumers, for
whom sorting was an unknown habit only
fifteen years ago, have sorted their waste
more and more each year, reaching an average total of 44.5 kg per capita per annum in
2008. The recycling rate has also followed
the same trend thanks to the introduction
of collection and sorting systems by local
authorities, the increasing professionalization of material channels and the determination of companies: since 1994, the rate
of recycled packaging (63% in 2008) has
increased virtually threefold while nonrecovered packaging has decreased in the
same proportion(1).
THE REALLY GREEN “Green dot”
The result of this collective performance is
very positive in environmental terms, with
most packaging now engaged in a circular
economy and being reused. Thanks to the
well-known Green Dot, there are 1.8 million fewer tons of CO2 emissions every
year, the equivalent of 800,000 fewer cars
on the roads in one year. This result includes
all the impacts of the activity: emissions
produced by collection and sorting (lorries,
waste treatment centres), those avoided
through the use of secondary raw materials
substituted for new materials, and emissions
avoided due to smaller quantities of waste
disposed of by incineration or in landfills.
NUMEROUS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
In addition to savings in CO 2 emissions,
which help combat global warming, there are
many other environmental benefits. By saving over 30 million tons of raw materials since
1993, the system has generated water savings (25 million m3, or the equivalent of the
annual consumption of 469,000 inhabitants)
and preserved non-renewable natural
resources (oil, gas, uranium, iron, bauxite,
etc.). Lastly, it has helped reduce air acidification and water pollution. §
(1) Estem studies 1994, 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2006 conducted on behalf of ADEME and Eco-Emballages.
A PRIORITY: AID FOR ECO-DESIGN
In 2008, Eco-Emballages created a new service aimed
at companies: PPE, Partnership for the Promotion of Eco-design.
With this service, Eco-Emballages offers interested companies
the intervention of an expert for one day. The expert initiates
an innovation project relating to eco-design, which will
then be implemented by a multidisciplinary team
(marketing, purchasing, packaging, production etc.) that has
been formed for the purpose in the company. 13 PPE projects
were completed in 2008. The only condition is that at least
one company employee must have already attended
an Eco-Emballages training course in eco-design. A hundred or
so people benefited from this training programme in 2008,
and 10 sessions for groups of 15 are planned in 2009.
BT = FE/N x
[2/3 x (1+R
/Cu] x
Chap. II
Furthermore, other eco-design aid services were expanded
in 2008, such as rapid diagnosis, which is now open to
large groups.
The concept: Eco-Emballages sends a packaging expert to
a company for a maximum of two days to draw up
a comprehensive inventory of the packaging it uses, and then
submit recommendations. 28 SMEs and 29 large
corporations were thus diagnosed in 2008.
) + 1/3 x Cr
Lastly, the partnerships with ESIEC (engineering school
in packaging), continue: ten or so trainees subsidized by
Eco-Emballages were put at the disposal of SMEs to help
them work on an eco-design project in 2008.
37
ort
nsp
ion Tra
Extract 1ères
s
matière
A NEW TOOL FOR MEASURING
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PACKAGING
In 2008, Eco-Emballages launched a new
tool for companies called BEE (Environmental
Assessment of Packaging). This is a simplified
lifecycle analysis tool intended to be used as
part of an eco-design process (downloadable
from Eco-Emballages’ website). It compares
the environmental impact of various types of
packaging, on the basis of three key criteria:
CO2 emissions, water consumption and the
production of waste. Three hundred companies
have already used this tool.
n/
fabricatio ment
ne
condition
Transpo
38
environment
Chap. II
Optimizing
industrial structures
T
his level of environmental performance can only improve in coming
years, due to the rising rate of recycling, decided upon at the Grenelle
de l’environnement. To achieve the
target of 75% recycled household packaging,
the downstream part of the system, initially
devoted to improving the quality of the materials originating from selective collection, must
concentrate its efforts in several directions.
SHARED EXPERTISE
In order to offer guidance to all those involved
in the process and validate its environmental
benefits, Eco-Emballages was a pioneer
in developing lifecycle analysis, which is
now widely used in many sectors. Fifteen
years ago, the eco-organization started
conducting a number of studies aimed at
determining the environmental impact (CO2
emission, energy, water, etc.) of packaging
IMPROVE FITNESS FOR RECYCLING
“from the cradle to the grave”, of recycling
Firstly, this requires industrial players to be
able to absorb growing quantities of recycled materials. For packaging industrialists,
this involves investing in new plant and suitable technologies in order, for instance, to raise
the proportion of cullet (1) in glass bottles.
Then, thanks to the efforts in packaging ecodesign of member companies, for which EcoEmballages provides advice and support,
the packaging itself must be made easier
to recycle. To this very end, the corporate
contribution scale will be increased from 2011
in the next upstream contribution scale with a
view to penalizing “disruptive” packaging (2).
or sorting methods. This capital of scientific
INCREASINGLY MECHANIZED SORTING
Further upstream in the process, advances
will be achieved by continuing to modernize waste treatment centres, a process
that began five years ago. Their increasing
mechanization will increase their capacity to
absorb the growing tonnage of waste that
consumers will supply through their involvement in sorting.
§
(1) Used glass debris added to raw materials.
(2) Packaging whose fitness for recycling is curbed or
made more expensive by the presence of several materials
or elements that disrupt the recycling flow.
knowledge accumulated over the years
is now put at the disposal of member
companies in the form of a simplified
computer tool (BEE) that allows them to
estimate the environmental performance
of their packaging.
French waste treatment centres
to date (out of a total of 266)
are currently equipped with
e-tem, the exclusive operational
tool developed by EcoEmballages. The fruit of close
collaboration with FNADE (the
French Federation of Waste
Management Services), this
the output of a sorting centre
fairly among its clients, thereby
guaranteeing better traceability.
It is based on the results of
the AFNOR (French association
for standardization) standard,
which is applied to the materials
inflow in sorting centres.
This operating tool offers time
savings and simplifies quarterly
reporting.
Michaël Aïdan
Marketing Vice-President, Danone Eaux France
Recent changes in legislation have removed
the ban on using recycled plastic in the manufacture
of food packaging. Are you satisfied with
this decision?
At Danone, we were eagerly awaiting the lifting of
the remaining regulations in order to use recycled PET
in our water bottles (Évian and Volvic). A few figures will
make things clearer: one 1.5-litre bottle of Évian water
equals 121 g/l of CO2 emissions(1) (including 91 g for the
packaging!). We had already substantially reduced the
weight of the bottles; recycled PET thus becomes a new
and powerful lever of optimization.
What does it let you optimize?
By initially integrating 25% of recycled PET into our
bottles, we will cut packaging-related CO2 emissions
by nearly 20% (about 15 g/l).
FROM BOTTLE TO BOTTLE
In late 2007, the European Commission specified the technical
approval criteria to be met to produce recycled plastic used
in primary food packaging. This decision opened up
new prospects for plastic recycling, that of PET in particular,
which predominates in drinks packaging. The production
capacity of bottles containing recycled PET should increase
significantly in the coming months, since several new plants will
be going into production in 2009.
Why only 25% of recycled material?
Simply because the availability of the material is still
limited. For the circle to be entirely virtuous, the rate of
bottle recycling must be increased in parallel: currently
only about 50% of them are sorted for recycling
purposes; this would have to be raised rapidly to 75%.
(1) The estimated carbon footprint of a 1.5-litre bottle of Évian in PET
sold in France.
Chap. II
110
software application apportions
39
40
economy
Chap. II
A mature industry
enjoying sustainable
growth
B
y offering the necessary economic
conditions for the financial equilibrium of selective collection, the
founding decree of 1st April 1992
also created a new modern and
efficient sector of activity, which will continue
to expand in coming years thanks to the collective mobilization of all those involved in it.
AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMIC MODEL
Fifteen years of selective collection of household packaging have created a sustainable
new industry. From the collection of waste
to its resale to industrialists, including waste
treatment centres and the regeneration of
packaging, it has also forged a whole system
based on an innovative model of public/
private partnership between companies
and local authorities. To bear out the legitimacy of this model, the system’s revenue has
constantly grown year after year, from contributions of some 47,000 Eco-Emballages (1)
and Adelphe member companies. In 2008,
this “revenue” totalled 423 million euros.
DECISIVE FINANCIAL SUPPORT
Another element to assess the economic
performance of the system: 92% of expenditure is allocated to local authorities. In 2008,
local authorities received 130 million euros of
receipts from the resale of materials, against
50 million in 2004. These two sources of funding have enabled local authorities to finance
60% of the total cost of household packaging waste management. And even though the
economic crisis has caused a sharp drop in
prices and in demand, the commitment of
all those involved has ensured effective
recycling of materials.
15 YEARS OF MOBILIZATION
These achievements were made possible
through the work done by Eco-Emballages
and other parties to the system over the last
fifteen years with a view to preserving its economic balance while absorbing a growing
tonnage of packaging: periodically adjusting upstream and downstream price scales (2),
optimizing the cost of collection, professionalizing waste treatment centres, entering into
agreements with industrial chains to increase
the use of recycled materials, etc.
§
(1) Companies who market packaged consumer goods
pay an average contribution of 0.6 euro-cents per item
of packaging.
2) The upstream and downstream price scales respectively fix the level of company contribution and the amount
of financial aid for local authorities.
Optimiser +,
a new service
In 2008, to better help local authorities identify and implement
means of optimization, Eco-Emballages offered them
the Optimiser + (Optimize more) programme, a service comprising
a comprehensive range of solutions and tools allowing them to
optimize their waste management. Optimiser + more particularly
includes a training course called “Successful optimization” aimed at
local authority engineers (to date, 151 engineers and technicians
representing 123 local authorities have been trained).
Optimiser + also offers local authorities support in eight stages,
throughout their optimization process (from the initial inventory
to the implementation plan and evaluation).
Chap. II
Lastly, to complete the scheme, Eco-Emballages plans to set up
a national observatory of optimization, which will bring together
all the available data in this respect and ensure it is regularly
updated. This will allow local authorities to measure their
performance against others, and compare solutions put in place
by local authorities of similar size, or even exchange views
and capitalize on experiences.
336
local authorities (representing over half of the French
population) have embarked on a cost analysis scheme
with Eco-Emballages (via the SCC study*).
Eco-Emballages supports and financially aids local
authorities wishing to have a clearer idea of their waste
management costs, a key milestone before moving on
to the actual optimization stage. On the basis of
this detailed analysis of expenditure and receipts,
local authorities can identify items that could generate
savings while ensuring optimal quality of service.
The next logical step would be for local authorities to
request an analysis to pinpoint concrete levers for
optimization, still with the support and financial backing
of Eco-Emballages. To date, 209 local authorities have
embarked on this process.
*Support for cost analysis.
41
42
economy
Chap. II
Recycling more by
controlling costs
C
urrently this collective and
united effort must be increased
tenfold to achieve the target
of 75% of recycled waste in
2012 set by the Grenelle law. The stakes
are twofold: bettering performance by
25% by optimizing the whole recycling chain, and controlling the cost
of packaging management. Because, at
a constant level of service with regard to sorting and collection, the 75% recycled packaging target would cost 40% more in 2012 than
it does today. Hence a key objective: optimize
costs by promoting the best collection, sorting and recycling practices.
by Eco-Emballages with local authorities, the
method of collection (containers, frequency,
etc.) has a great influence on its price. Lastly,
optimization also involves the rationalization
and automation of waste treatment centres,
which is essential in making them more productive. These are just some of the avenues for
progress that will help the most fervent advocates demonstrate, in the near future, that the
environment is indeed a lever of sustainable growth. Today, France still has 266 waste
treatment centres, many of which serve fewer
than 100,000 inhabitants, whereas in Belgium
or Germany, most centres cover a population
five to ten times bigger. §
WASTE SORTERS CAN DO EVEN BETTER
To achieve that, Eco-Emballages and its
partners are intent on finding new ways of
improving performance at all stages of the
system. Upstream, it is first of all a matter of
increasing the volume of sorted waste, in
particular in group housing in large cities,
where one third of the French population live
and where the sorting rate is lower than the
national average. Other ways of helping consumers sort more and better are also being
studied, such as nationwide harmonization of
rules, colours and other sorting instructions,
or incentive-based pricing – laid down in the
Grenelle law–, which aims to give sorters a
sense of responsibility by rewarding virtuous
behaviour according to the principle “the more
I sort my waste, the less I pay”.
A JOB-CREATING SECTOR
In fifteen years, the household packaging
selective collection system has created
28,000 direct jobs - collection and sorting
personnel, technicians, office staff, sorting
ambassadors and recycling industry
personnel - all of which have the advantage
of being non-relocatable, of contributing to
the economic development of the regions,
and  a large number of which also enduringly
integrate under-qualified or unqualified people
into working life. This virtuous process
should continue in the coming years.
COLLECTION AND SORTING SYSTEMS
More waste collected, sorted and recycled
CAN BE OPTIMIZED
means that more manpower to run the system
Collection is another essential step in the
cost-control process. As shown by many
audits and consultancy missions conducted
are forecast for the next five years.
is required; an estimated 7,000 new jobs
130
million euros were brought in
by the local authorities from
the resale of recycled
materials (to which 20 million
euros from energy generation
should be added).
to rise these last few years,
thanks to the rise in raw
Yannick Gaume
materials and in resold
Manager of Écotri
tonnages. The current
economic crisis should,
however, see this trend level
off, since raw materials have
been particularly affected.
Waste treatment centres are the subject of a policy
of optimization. What impact has this policy
had on their employees?
Between 1994 and 2008, we created 10 jobs a year,
mainly "sorter" jobs. By developing vocational training,
these people have gradually acquired skills in the quality
function and have become veritable “recycling
operators”.
Will this trend continue?
Absolutely. We are all striving to professionalize
the sector and to move sorters on to the more qualified
position of quality controller. That is why we already
have a training plan to support our employees through
this professional change.
SORTING QUALITY REWARDED
Forty-three local authorities were awarded the QualiTri
(or QualiPlus) label in 2008. This distinction, which was
put in place by Eco-Emballages and Ademe in 2007, aims
to promote the quality of collection services. QualiTri’s selection
criteria are grouped into four areas: service, the economy,
the environment and social affairs; the QualiPlus criteria,
which are yet more demanding, include the CO2 emission
reduction policy and the use of recycled materials for containers.
These labels are awarded for three years.
Broadly speaking, have working conditions
improved in the last few years?
They have indeed. The centres are now air-conditioned,
less and less noisy and dusty, and there are no night
shifts, barring absolute necessity. So to sum up,
our workers are increasingly highly qualified and work in
better conditions.
Chap. II
This amount has continued
43
Environmental Management System
EMS: 7 ambitious
goals for 2011
B
EMS
y embarking on an Environmental
Management System (EMS), EcoEmballages is pursuing a common
goal shared with all its personnel:
reducing the impact of its activities on the
environment.
To that end, our eco-organization, which
obtained ISO 14 001 certification in 2003, has
formulated a three-year environmental programme with seven very concrete commitments, based on the goals of environmental
standard ISO 14 001. For its 2009-2011 plan,
Eco-Emballages thus undertakes to:
44
• Reduce its consumption: one of the significant actions is the target of reducing the
consumption of office paper by 12% by 2011,
by urging staff only to print what they really
need.
• Reduce the environmental impact of its
staff’s trips and commuting: this means
we must all cut our CO2 emissions by 10%
by 2011. How? By encouraging car pooling
and teleconferencing.
• Improve the sorting of waste: for instance,
by the end of 2009, we will have installed collection points for hazardous waste (spent batteries, etc.) in all Eco-Emballages’ facilities.
• Improve identification of significant environmental aspects: by September 2009, the
nine environmental analyses will have been
updated.
• Improve compliance with regulations and
other requirements: among other things, this
means assessing our compliance with applicable requirements and updating our frame
of reference by the end of 2009.
• Improve the performance measurement
of our Environmental Management System (EMS): by making our quantitative indicators more accurate and adding qualitative
indicators by the end of 2009.
• Improve appropriation of the EMS and
its issues, and stepping up external communication on the ISO 14 001 process: for
the former point, a staff awareness-raising
module will be worked out by mid-2010.
Eco-Emballages’ daily acts are thus part of
a concrete process of sustainable development. And the same goes for the ecoorganization’s communication campaigns.
A Charter of responsible communication
has been drafted, requiring Eco-Emballages
staff to undertake to:
– encourage all members of the public it deals
with to adopt responsible behaviour;
– honestly use the confidential data on end
customers in marketing and sales;
– engage in an internal process of having all
communication material (for internal use and
intended for stakeholders) approved before
it is circulated;
– integrate environmental impact amongst
the criteria used for selecting communication media. In this respect, the bus shelter
poster campaign “Sorting is preserving”
was printed on recycled paper. §
Key figures
2008
All figures are consolidated and concern Eco-Emballages and Adelphe.
182 staff.
• Waste sorters
( Selective collection performance excluding newspapers
and magazines. Sources: 2007 price performances).
423 million euros.
59.6 million French people
can sort their packaging.
47,000 companies under 22,487 contracts
and pay an average of 0.6 euro-cents per item
of packaging.
• Expenditure
92.1% of expenditure of Eco-Emballages and
Adelphe is allocated to local authorities.
• Recycling performance
1,240 local authorities, that is to say
On average, the French sort 44.5 kg of
household waste packaging per annum.
Key figures
• Sources of funds
Their performance varies according to
the type of housing:
• 58.8 kg per capita per annum in rural areas;
• 55.2 kg per capita per annum in semi-rural
areas;
• 29.5 kg per capita per annum in urban areas;
• 44.3 kg per capita per annum in suburban
areas.
45
98% of French municipalities, are under
• Selective collection
contract with Eco-Emballages.
( Figures at the end of 2008).
The bed of contributing household packaging
43.5 million inhabitants benefit from door-todoor selective collection (by the council).
amounts to 4.7 million tons.
Recycling rate: 62.6% of the bed i.e.
2.9 million tons.
• Recycling performances per
type of material
(as a % of the contributing bed).
Steel: 110% – Aluminium: 31% – Glass: 79% –
Paper/cardboard: 54% – Plastic: 21%
Number of recycling banks:
• approximately 265,000 recycling banks
in France;
• including approximately 134,000 containers
for glass
Average rate of refusal: 23%.
336 local authorities involved in an
optimization process with approved
companies, covering 32.2 million inhabitants.
Financial summary
Consolidated balance sheet
and income statement
ACTIVITY IN 2008
Financial summary
The number of contracts both approved companies (EcoEmballages and Adelphe) had with local authorities continued
to fall (1,240 at the end of 2008 against 1,365 at the end of 2007),
since many interdistrict councils decided to group together
under the new ‘D’ pricing scale; the population under contract
remained stable at 59.6 million and the sorting population rose
from 59.4 to 59.6 million inhabitants (+0.3%). Currently, only
487 municipalities (representing 0.5 million inhabitants) are not
under contract with either approved company. Net consolidated
book income excluding minority interests stood at €32,674 after
allowances for and reversals of provisions for future expenses, a
book profit generated by consolidation rules governing deferred
tax, whereas the book results of both approved companies
were zero. The Group share of net position thus stood at
2.5 million euros at the end of 2008.
46
REVENUE AND EXPENSES
Contributions received in 2008 from producers, importers
and distributors totalled €423.4 million for 22,487 members
against €412.3 million in 2007. As for expenses, at the end of
2008 Eco-Emballages and Adelphe had commitments to 1,240
interdistrict councils (representing approximately 36,200
municipalities) covering 59.6 million inhabitants currently served
by the multiple materials selective collection system (against
59.4 million end 2007). Over 3.7 million metric tons were recovered, including 3 million recycled metric tons. This corresponds
to a recycling rate of 62.8% and a reuse rate of 79.6% of
the total contributing bed of 4.7 million metric tons.
Operating expenses booked in 2008 totalled €458.4 million,
against €459.5 million in 2007, down 0.2%. They break down
into the following main categories.
● €411 million for selective collection (92% of total expenditure), including nearly €383.3 million for local authorities against
€381.4 million in 2007 (up 0.5%), including €5.5 million for the
national communication campaign with the AMF.
● €2.5 million for research, development and studies, sharply
down on the previous financial period (€3.4 million in 2007).
● €6.6 million for communication, up on 2007 (€5.9 million),
reflecting 2008 events such as the awareness-raising campaign
“Here, I sort my waste as well”, the opening of a public area on EcoEmballages’ website, and environmental education initiatives.
€26.1 million for running expenses, accounting for 5.9% of
total expenditure (against 5.6% in 2007). Lastly, non-operating income/expenses net of tax in 2008 showed a loss of €43.2
million, against a gain of €15.0 million in 2007. After a €66.3
million net reversal of provisions for expenses (made possible
under the new approval framework and in accordance with
the company’s articles of association) and the recognition
of deferred tax on underlying gain, the period showed a net
consolidated income of €32,674. It should be noted that, in
accordance with the terms of approval, the book results of
both approved companies (Eco-Emballages and Adelphe)
were also equal to zero.
●
GROUP FORECASTS FOR 2009
Financial year 2009 will see the approved companies serve
59.6 million inhabitants. 3.9 of the 4.7 million metric tons
of household packaging contributed to Eco-Emballages
should be recycled in the period. Cash flow forecasts for
Eco-Emballages show that the net liquid funds should remain
positive throughout 2009, without even counting the amounts
frozen in Primores funds and fixed-term deposits, which are
available in the medium term (2010 or 2011). On the basis
of cash flow forecasts submitted to the Board of Directors’
meeting of 30th January 2009, net liquid funds should stand
at a minimum of €24.8 million and could be as much as €53.6
million if one includes the fixed-term investments and income
from the liquid part of funds still invested with Primores.
The Consultative Approval Commission meeting of 16th
December 2008 also ratified the 25% increase in the corporate contribution scale at 1st January 2010, already
announced at the briefing following the General Meeting of
10th June 2008 and unanimously voted by the Board of Directors’ meeting of 1st December 2008. Although the scale has
not been revised upwards since 2004, sorting and recycling
performance has improved dramatically, attaining a recycling
rate of 63% at the end of 2008. 2009 will also be characterized
by stronger company governance, in particular by adopting
secure management procedures, and through the work of
the Audit Committee, composed of directors and required to
convene once a quarter. Its remit is to examine the company’s
annual financial statements and notes thereto, and ensure
that internal control procedures are followed.
Balance sheet
2008
(at 31/12/2008)
Assets
2007
(at 31/12/2007)
In euros
Gross
Amortization and
provisions
Net
Net
Goodwill
3,731,161
3,731,161
0
0
Intangible assets
6,170,313
4,476,250
1,694,064
2,992,366
Tangible assets
5,301,600
3,350,980
1,950,620
2,228,022
Long-term investments
Total long-term assets
Advances and prepaids
Member receivables
346,595
0
346,595
328,423
15,549,669
11,558,390
3,991,279
5,548,810
226,850
0
226,850
231,968
148,088,886
7,388,631
140,700,255
140,794,471
10,056,173
3,890,986
6,165,187
10,349,448
252,157,998
50,882,255
201,275,743
303,714,159
28,763,661
0
28,763,661
47,896,201
593,438
0
593,438
410,939
Total circulating assets
439,887,005
62,161,872
377,725,133
503,397,185
Grand
455,436,674
73,720,262
381,716,412
508,945,996
Other receivables
Short-term investments
Cash
Prepaid expenses
Financial summary
●
47
2008
(at 31/12/2008)
2007
(at 31/12/2007)
1,752,600
1,752,600
44,679
44,529
737,329
704,804
2,534,608
2,501,933
Non-group interests
547,311
547,627
Minority interests
547,311
547,627
Contingency and loss provisions
21,585,417
88,319,175
Bank borrowings
80,448,787
121,414,044
239,663,224
265,164 101
28,590,954
27,922,067
8,345 651
3,077,049
●
Liabilities
In euros
Capital
Unavailable reserves
Reserves and consolidated income (loss)
Equity
Trade notes and accounts payable
Taxes payable, liabilities
to personnel
Other liabilities
Unearned income
460
Liabilities
357,049,076
417,577,260
Grand total
381,716,412
508,945,996
Income statement
In Euros
Net sales
Reversal of amortization and provisions
Reversal of provisions for future expenses
423,781,041
412,510,283
77,369,501
28,414,738
0
0
21,530
58,349
888,016
TOTAL OPERATING INCOME
501,649,877
441,871,385
Raw materials and supplies bought
401,081,263
399,757,140
29,828,228
31,060,169
Taxes
1,367,160
1,627 622
Wages and salaries
8,372,363
8,143,067
Social security charges
4,553,317
4,859,662
12,926,329
12,924,517
261,934
1,133,657
458,390,594
459,505,834
43,259,283
-17,634,448
6,134,843
17,757,457
756,451
327,409
Other income
Other purchases and external charges
Depreciation allowances and provisions
Other expenses
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
Financial income from investments
Other interest income
Excess depreciation and expense transfers
Financial summary
2007
(at 31/12/07)
477,805
Operating subsidies
Foreign exchange gains
TOTAL FINANCIAL INCOME
Amortization and financial provisions
Losses on sales of short-term investments
Interest expenses
Foreign exchange losses
TOTAL FINANCIAL CHARGES
FINANCIAL INCOME (LOSS)
48
2008
(at 31/12/08)
OPERATING RESULTS BEFORE TAX
Extraordinary gains in operations
Proceeds of assets sold and other capital gains
Excess provisions charged and expense transfers
2,345,651
0
75
112
9,237,020
18,084,978
50,882,255
1,649,904
1,548,019
1,302,704
75,773
68,819
254
107
52,506,301
3,021,535
-43,269,280
15,063,443
-9,998
-2,571,005
160,085
10,260
721
4,762
0
54,069
TOTAL EXTRAORDINARY INCOME
160,806
69,091
Extraordinary losses in operations
104,963
142,830
2,262
3,172
Book value of assets sold and other capital losses
Unusual depreciation and provisions
TOTAL EXTRAORDINARY LOSSES
EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Income tax expense
NET INCOME (LOSS) OF CONSOLIDATED COMPANIES
10,544
50,602
117,769
196,603
43,037
-127,513
365
19,167
32,674
-2,717,684
32,674
-2,717,684
Amortization of goodwill
NET INCOME (LOSS) OF CONSOLIDATED GROUP
Minority interests
NET INCOME (LOSS) Group share
0
0
32,674
-2,717,684
Designed and produced by
– June 2009 – Photo credits: Eco-Emballages photo library/
P. Desgrieux, Alexis Cordesse, Florence Daudé (AMF), Frans Lemmens, Ludovic Parisot, Bruno Vautrelle,
age fotostock, Fotolia et Getty. Printed on recycled paper.

annual report. 08 - Eco

Transcription

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