The risk of saturnism on scavenger birds related to Ungulates

Provincia
di Sondrio
The risk of saturnism on scavenger
birds related to Ungulates
hunting modalities
Bassi E.*, Ferloni M.**, Gugiatti A*.,
Pedrotti L.*, Di Giancamillo M. † & Grilli G. †
*Parco Nazionale Stelvio; **Provincia di Sondrio; † Fac. Veterinaria Univ. Milano
AUSTRIADecember 2005 - ‘Doraja’
RX of a pellet 2h post recovery
Höhe Tauern National Park
Gressmann
ITALY (Trento) December 2008 - ‘Ikarus’
Release
Area
Recovery
June 2008
PNStelvio
(BZ)
Dec 2008
Area
Foto: Ivo Dalla Torre
PNS (TN)
Acute lead intoxication
June 2009
PNS (BZ)
Dec 2009
Switzerland
Dead in Wien. Liver: 0.64 mg/kg Kidney: 1.24 mg/kg
58.9 mg/kg of Pb in the thigh-bone
IS THERE THE SAME RISK OVER
Michele Mendi
THE ITALIAN ALPS?
Raptors are subject to saturnism
due to ingestion of carcasses
Carcasse of red deer Cervus elaphus
A. Pirola
Hunting: lead fragments in meat and viscera
(Hecht 2000)
The hunting of the Ungulates over the Alps
a. Use of lead bullets (high fragmentation)
b. Hunting period: late summer - first winter
c. Hunted species: Roe deer, Red deer, Chamois,
Mouflon and Wild boar (in all kind of habitat)
d. Traditional practice of EVISCERATION on the
ground
e. Viscera deposition overlaps with the most difficult
period for the survival (nov-dec)
Claudio Gotsch
BV in Sondrio province: a slow growth
Stelvio NP
SVIZZERA
Canton Grigioni
Bormio
Chiavenna
Tirano
BRESCIA
COMO
Morbegno
Sondrio
subadults
adults
LECCO
BERGAMO
Provincia di Sondrio
EXPERIMENTAL SURVEY: 2010-2012
“Evaluation of the lead accumulation”
TARGET: 200 viscera of shot
ungulates
PARTNERS: Provincia di Sondrio and Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio
AIMS
Development of an experimental methodology
for lead detection in shot ungulates (random sampling)
FREQUENCY and WEIGHT of the lead fragments
related to the hunted species and to the type of the firearm
and ammunition
Analysis of the INCIDENCE of the evisceration on the
hunting spot
More sustainable hunting practices:
no evisceration + not toxic shots
REGISTRATION DATA SHEETS - a)
Ricerca sull’accumulo di piombo nei visceri degli ungulati selvatici abbattuti
SCHEDA PER LA RACCOLTA DEI VISCERI
Nome operatore/i: ………………………………...............................................
N°contrassegno capo abbattuto .................................................................................. Codice visceri*: ......................
* solo se capo NON abbattuto a caccia
DATI RELATIVI ALL’ABBATTIMENTO: Abbattuto :
Recuperato con cane ferito morto Comprensorio Alpino: .............................................. Settore di caccia: ..........................................................................
Data abbattimento ................................. Ora: ............... Data eviscerazione: .................................... Ora: ......................
Nome cacciatore e telefono: ................................................................................................................................................
Capo abbattuto da ignoti Recuperato da ...................................................... Note: .......................................................
DATI BALISTICI
Calibro …………….……………………………………...............…… Velocità di uscita v0 (m/s) : ........................……..
(come indicato su confezione)
Cartuccia commerciale: marca: ………………...........…….……...… tipo palla: …......................... peso (grani): ..............
Ricarica: tipo palla: ....................….................. peso (grani): : .....................
Distanza tiro:
0-100 m 100-200 m 200-300 m >300 m N° totale di colpi sparati: ...................... ........... N° di colpi a segno: ................. ...................
REGISTRATION DATA SHEETS - b)
ESAME DEL CAPO ABBATTUTO
Camoscio Cervo Capriolo Cinghiale Sesso: M F Età: ................ Peso visceri kg ............
Indicare sulla sagoma foro/i di INGRESSO (I1, I2..) e foro/i di USCITA (U1, U2..)
N° fori di ingresso: ...........
testa
scapola
N° fori di uscit a: .............
dorso post
dorso ant
collo
coscia
spalla
cassa tor.
zampe ant
addome
zampe
post
Regione/i colpita/e (barrare con 1/più crocette): Testa Collo Spalla Scapola Cassa toracica Petto Dorso (parte anteriore) Dorso (parte posteriore) Coscia Zampe anteriori Zampe posteriori Organi colpiti: Cuore Polmoni Fegato Stomaco Intestino Reni Addome Non noto Ossa colpite: NO SI quali? ...............................................
Raccolta visceri: Intestino Stomaci e milza Cuore Polmone Fegato Reni altro: ………………
Proiettile ritrovato: NO SI *, in quale regione: ......................................*(NB: allegare alla scheda tutti i frammenti del proiettile)
NOTE: ..................................................................................................................................................................................
L’OPERATORE ….…………………………………………
PROBLEMS: 200 viscera to analyse
2.5 – 15 (23) KG
CT INVESTIGATION of the
FROZEN VISCERA
CT
Densitometer
Computed Tomography distinguishes the
density of the different tissues
a. 3D
b. Avoids lead underestimation (from overlapping)
c. Distinguishes lead from metals and other inorganic
components
Positive freeze viscera submission to CR
(Computed Radiography)
Lattice grid to make easier the detection and
quantify the number of the fragments
Lung
Heart
From GRILLI
Computed Radiography: lead fragments
in heart and lung
Fragments
of lead and
copper of a
bullet
Foto Grilli
RESULTS
38%
58
positive
95
negative
62%
N= 153
The 62.1% of the viscera contains LEAD!
Lead in the viscera (in % and Number)
Number)
100%
90%
0
4
80%
14
8
32
70%
60%
1
50%
40%
30%
14
positive
32
32
negative
10
20%
10%
0%
Roe deer Red deer Chamois Wild boar Mouflon
LEAD % very high in
Roe deer (77.7%), Chamois (69.6%),
Wild boar (55.6%) and Red deer (50%)
5 REGIONS
Head-Neck
Back (fore parts)
B
Thorax
T
igh
a
pa nd h
rts ind
TH
P
r.
e
d
l
ou ula
h
S ap
Sc
SS
Th
HN
According to the shot region
Red deer - Positive viscera in % N= 32
Shoulder Scapula (SS)
43%
23 %
Thorax (T)
61%
67%
Positive
frequencies
are
significantly different, among
the species, in relation to the
region crossed by the bullet
(Chi square=13,1, 6 gl, p<0,05).
Thigh and hind parts
(THP)
Back 'fore parts' (B)
Chamois - Positive viscera in % N= 32
Shoulder Scapula (SS)
50 %
86 %
Thorax (T)
Thigh and hind parts
(THP)
71%
77%
Back 'fore parts' (B)
Number of FRAGMENTS in the VISCERA
n°individuals
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
negat
< 20
ive
2150
5170
> 70
Roe deer
1
4
4
3
0
Chamois
6
5
2
1
3
Red deer
12
5
2
0
2
Wild boar
4
4
4
0
0
Roe deer
Chamois
Red deer
Wild boar
Lost lead fragments: mean weight 10 mg
In Roe deer up to 600 mg of Pb/viscera
In Red deer/Chamois up to 700 mg of Pb/viscera
Since 2010
Analyses of carcasses of
Golden Eagle and BV
a. Internal ORGANS
b. Long BONES
c. Feathers
Bones:
Long term storage of Lead
For the future Stelvio NP and
Sondrio Adm.
Adm. would collect
samples of GE and BV (bones
(bones
and internal organs)
organs) from other
sectors (Museums,
Museums, Parks,
Parks,
Administrations)
Administrations) to analyse
them with a standard
procedure.
Code
AGE
imm
1,5 y
Cause of
recovery
date
recovery
Bone Liver
Kidney
electrocution
2020-octoct-10
0,47 n.r.
n.r.
Golden Eagle Parma
n.r.
0707-octoct-10
3,46 n.r.
n.r.
imm
Golden Eagle Aprica 3y
Intoxicatione
2121-maymay-10
2,97
Golden Eagle Como
0,22
Bearded Vulture
PNAM
subad
5y
Avalanches
0909-JulJul-08
1,38 n.r.
Bearded Vulture
Stelvio
adult
>7y
Golden Eagle
Attack
xxxx-maymay-10
1,17
0,14
Bearded Vulture
Ikarus
imm
1,5 y
’08 saturnism
‘09 ignote
1717-decdec-08
58,9
0,64
Short toed Eagle
Svizzera
imm
2y
n.r.
0,89 n.r.
0,24
n.r.
1,24
n.r.
For bone concentration: 20 mg/kg has been
considered as threshold of a elevated exposure
and absorption of Pb
(Mateo et al., 2003; Pain et al., 2005).
CONCLUSIONS and
APPLICATIONS
The general TREND of the survey seems clear
A new HUNTING REGULATION WILL BE INTRODUCED
IN SONDRIO PROVINCE
a. In the hunting season 2012-2013 lead bullets (used for the hunting to
ungulates) will have to be replaced by other type of bullets (with
reduced fragmentation or composed by other materials);
b. As an alternative, viscera will have to be completely removed
from the shooting place or buried
c. Information and dissemination activity towards hunters and wardens
of Sondrio province about the Saturnism risk.
THE SOLUTION IS THE USE OF NON TOXIC SHOTS
Use of MONOLITHIC BULLET
- Free lead,
- No fragmentation
- Not too expensive
- Available for sale since Seventies
For instance:
Barnes X-Bullet (composed by solid copper)
FURTHERS RULES ADOPTED
IN SONDRIO PROVINCE
d.) Ban to use lead bullets (caliber n. 7.5 – 12
excluded) over valley bottom starting from
hunting season 2013-2014;
e.) ban to shoot Corvidae and Cormorant
(Phalacrocorax carbo) for management purposes
with lead ammunitions
7.000 flyers to inform
on saturnism risk
THANKS TO
Provincia di Sondrio
Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio
Fondazione Cariplo
Alessandro Bianchi, Ettore Mozzetti, Alessandro
Andreotti, Comprensori Alpini di Caccia della
Provincia di Sondrio, Polizia Provinciale della
Provincia di Sondrio, IZS della Lombardia e
dell’Emilia Romagna, Luca Giraudo, Roberto
Tinarelli, Felix (Felice) Weber ed Ettore Zanon.
For viscera analyses:
Veterinary Univ. of Milan
Simone Borgonovo, Viviana Ferrazzi, Melania Moioli
To guarantee a
‘lead free’ pap
Thanks