First Group Metopes With Bird USA, Bowling

First Group
Metopes With Bird
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT L: Waterbird depiction within a square metope that
is between octuplicate parallelograms. Pointed-leaved star rosette depiction within a
secondary metope.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. One-to-one similar of the pointed-leaved
star rosette depiction within the secondary metope with regards to colour and
decoration takes place in the wide border at the side of Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic
of Zeugma1. The gray black tesserae that are used at the frameworks of the
parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of
Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT L fragment is a fragment detached from the
wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic is found.
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT E: Polychrome bird depiction within a square
metope that is between octuplicate parallelograms. Double-foil trefoil rosette within a
secondary metope.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. One-to-one similar of the double-foil trefoil
rosette depiction within the secondary metope with regards to colour and decoration
takes place in the wide border at the side of Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of
Zeugma2. The gray black tesserae that are used at the frameworks of the
parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of
Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT E fragment is another fragment detached
from the wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic is
found.
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT F: Sola coloured bird depiction within a square
metope that is between octuplicate parallelograms.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. The gray black tesserae that are used at
the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT F fragment is another
fragment detached from the wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic is found.
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT K: Sola coloured bird depiction within a square
metope that is between octuplicate parallelograms.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. The gray black tesserae that are used at
the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT K fragment is another
fragment detached from the wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic is found.
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT B: Waterbird depiction within a square metope that
is between octuplicate parallelograms. Pointed-leaved star rosette depiction and
trefoil rosette within secondary metopes.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. Greenish-turquoise glass tessera, which is
widely used at Zeugma mosaics, is applied on the waterbird. One-to-one similar of
the trefoil and pointed-leaved star rosette depictions within the secondary metopes
with regards to colour and decoration takes place in the wide border at the side of
Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma3. The gray black tesserae that are used at
the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT B fragment is another
fragment detached from the wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic is found. This mosaic most likely belongs to the place marked on
the figure on page 75, Belkis-Zeugma Mozaikleri (2006), R. Ergec (Fig.1-3).
Figure-1
Fügure-2
Figure-3
Second Group
Metopes With Mask
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT A: A theatre (tragedy) mask within a square
metope that is between octuplicate parallelograms. Trefoil rosette within a secondary
metope above the metope.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. The trefoil rosette within the secondary
metope is the same with regards to colour and decoration with the ones in the wide
border at the side of Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma4. The gray black
tesserae that are used at the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same with the
ones of the Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT
A fragment is detached from the wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic is found.
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT I: A satyr head/mask within a square metope that
is between octuplicate parallelograms. It is understood that there is a pointed-leaved
star rosette within a secondary metope, of which a small part is protected.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. The pointed-leaved star rosette within the
secondary metope is the same with regards to colour and decoration with the ones in
the wide border at the side of Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma5. The gray
black tesserae that are used at the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same
with the ones of the Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The Bowling-Green
3224/IOAT I fragment is detached from the wide side border of the triclinium in which
Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic is found.
USA, Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT J: A tragedy mask within a square metope that is
between octuplicate parallelograms. Only a small part the secondary metope below
the metope is protected and an acanthus-leaved rosette depiction takes place within
it.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. The gray black tesserae that are used at
the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The Bowling-Green 3224/IOAT J fragment is detached
from the wide side border of the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic is
found.
Fragment With Unidentified Number at USA, Bowling-Green: The head of old
Pan within a square metope that is between octuplicate parallelograms.
The tesserae of the mosaic fragment match up exactly with Zeugma mosaics both in
terms of dimension and colour spectrum. The gray black tesserae that are used at
the frameworks of the parallelograms are the same with the ones of the Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma. The fragment is detached from the wide side border of
the triclinium in which Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic is found.
Zeugma, Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic, detail
The figure on the mosaic fragment, of which its dimensions cannot be understood
from the photographs, must be smaller than the Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of
Zeugma. The figure on the mosaic fragment is probably a Maenad from a Dionysiac
procession. She is depicted among ivy leaves on an area just like the border
decoration of the triclinium, in which Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic is found, on which
animal depictions take place between ivy twigs. However, it differs in style from the
curved ivy leaves. Also, the border of Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of Zeugma do not
have double linear bands on the side like this one have. It shows great similarity to
the mosaic examples of Zeugma in terms of general technique, and it can belong to
Zeugma and is manufactured in the region.
General Conclusion
The above-mentioned mosaics can be classified under three main groups.
First Group: They are the ones with a bird on the metope and geometric triangles.
Mainly, tesserae in the shades of black, gray, and yellow are used on the metope
frameworks. Broken edges of the fragments, nucleus, and refined placement mortars
of these are protected.
Second Group: They are the ones with theatre masks, Satyr and Pan heads on their
metopes. Mainly, tesserae in the shades of black, gray, yellow, and greenish pink are
used on the metope frameworks. Unlike the first group, tessera bands in the shades
of pink and yellow are applied on the interior and exterior frameworks of the metopes
containing the figures with the aim of giving perspective. Broken edges of the
fragments, nucleus, and refined placement mortars of these are protected.
Third Group: It is a single piece. It is prepared in the form of a rectangular panel. A
Dionysiac Head (Maenad) crowned with ivy leaves between curved ivy twigs takes
place.
Third Group
Border Frieze Dionysiac Head (Maenad)
Another Mosaic Fragment With Unidentified Number at USA, Bowling-Green:
The mosaic fragment slightly differs from the others in terms of tessera colours.
There are no breaks at the edges. It is supported with the panel that gives the
impression that the side tesserae are laid later.
The fragment reminds Gypsy Girl at the first glance; most likely, a Maenad wearing
earrings with uncombed hair and crowned with blooming ivy leaves takes place.
Although the placing technique of the tessera is slightly different, especially the
structure of the eyebrows and eyes are quite similar and closely related to Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) of Zeugma in this respect. Both figures wear white earrings. However, the
figure on the mosaic shows some differences from Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Mosaic of
Zeugma in terms of style and technique. It is understood that Gypsy Girl (Maenad)
Mosaic of Zeugma is manufactured by another person.
First Group: It is certain that they are detached from the panels of the east border of
the triclinium mosaic that is found in Gypsy Girl (Maenad) Villa, which was excavated
at Zeugma in 1997 (Fig. 1-3). They are exactly parallel with the examples with bird
depictions in metopes in the same style at Zeugma6.
Second Group: They belong to the triclinium mosaic that is found in Gypsy Girl
(Maenad) Villa, which was excavated at Zeugma in 1997. It is most likely that they
are detached from the west border of the mosaic.
Third Group: It is parallel with Zeugma examples with respect to style. However, it is
different from the above-mentioned group in general style. It is an artefact that shows
similarities with examples of Zeugma mosaics, thus it must belong to another villa at
Zeugma.
a single piece. It is prepared in the form of a rectangular panel. A Dionysiac Head
(Maenad) crowned with ivy leaves between curved ivy twigs takes place.
Kindly submitted for your information. 10.02.2012
Prof. Dr. Kutalmış Görkay
(Signed)
Director of Zeugma Excavations