RoHS Testing Methods RoHS Q “ –

RoHS Testing Methods
RoHS
Bureau Veritas Hong Kong Limited
Speaker: Raymond Fong
Date: Dec 7 2005
For the benefit of business and people
1. RoHS
Agenda
2. Restricted Substances
3. RoHS – How to show
compliance??
4. RoHS Testing Method
XRF Analysis
Wet Chemistry
5. Sample Dissembling
2
Restriction of the Use
1
of Certain
Hazardous
Substances
in Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (RoHS)
2002/95/EC
2002/95/EC
3
RoHS
RoHS
Directive 2002/95/EC of the
European Parliament and
of the Council of 27
January 2003 on
Restriction of the use of
Certain Hazardous
Substances in Electrical
and Electronic Equipment
• 1-07-2006
(RoHS)
Implementation date
• 1st July 2006
4
Aims?
Aims?
Harmful to heath and
environment
• Harmful chemical
•
Forbidden use of harmful
chemicals
•
contained in electronic
products
• Metal and flame retardant
Encourage to use substitute
and other technology instead
5
Product
Product Scope
Scope
1.
Large household appliances
2.
Small household appliances
3.
IT, telecom
4.
Consumer equipment
5.
Lighting equipment
6.
Electrical tools
7.
Toys, leisure and sport
8.
-
9.
-
Same as WEEE except
-
Medical device
-
Monitoring equipments
Filament bulb and domestic luminaries
covered.
10. Automatic dispensers
All equipment dependent on electrical currents or
electromagnetic fields (<1000V ac or <1500V dc).
6
Substance
Substance use
use ban
ban
Substance ban with exemptions for:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lead
Cadmium
Mercury
Hexavalent chromium
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
Polybrominated diphenyl
ethers(PBDEs)
2005/618/EC (Commission Decision of 18
August 2005)
•
•
•
•
•
•
• 0.1% for lead, mercury, Cr6+, PBB
•
• 0.01% for cadmium = same as
•
• By weight of “homogeneous
•
and PBDE
current Cadmium Directive
91/338/EC (applicable only to some
products)
materials” with short definition
”
“
7
RoHS
RoHS Exemptions
Exemptions
Lead
• Higher melting point solders with
>85% Pb
•
• Glass (CRTs, fluorescent lamps,
•
• Ceramic devices (e.g. piezoelectric)
• In certain alloys, limited
•
electronic components)
concentrations
•
Mercury in various lamps
Cadmium plating
• Note banned by earlier directive but
with exemptions
•
Note that chromium metal and
trivalent chromium are OK
Others have been requested
COMMISSION DECISION Exempt DecaBDE in polymeric
of 15 October 2005 - (2005/717/EC)
(2005 10 15 )
COMMISSION DECISION new Exempts
of 25 October 2005 - (2005/747/EC)
(2005 10 25 8)
2
RoHS Restricted Substances
9
Heavy
Heavy Metal
Metal Content
Content
Lead (Pb)
• It is a naturally occurring metal
•
• It and its containing
•
• Lead can affect the central
•
important to the production of
batteries, fuels, paints, plastics
(as heat stabilizer), ceramics,
caulking and solders
compounds are reasonably
anticipated to be carcinogens.
nervous system (particular
children) and can damage the
kidneys and immune system.
10
Heavy
Heavy Metal
Metal Content
Content
Cadmium (Cd)
• It is a naturally occurring and
•
• It and its containing
•
abundant metal that does not
easily corrode (rust). It is often
used for pigments, metal
coatings, plastics (as a heat
stabilizer), photographic films
and batteries.
compounds are carcinogenic.
11
Heavy
Heavy Metal
Metal Content
Content
Mercury (Hg)
• It is a naturally occurring
metal.
•
• It can exist as metallic mercury
•
• It and its containing
•
(liquid), gas (when heated) or
as solids (inorganic / organic
compounds)
compounds can damage the
central nervous system
including the brain, and it is
reasonably anticipated
carcinogens
•
12
Heavy
Heavy Metal
Metal Content
Content
Chromium
• It is a naturally occurring
metal that exists in three
forms (Cr (0), Cr (III) and Cr
(VI)).
• Cr (III) is the most stable
form, while Cr (0) and Cr (VI)
are much rare
• Cr (VI) containing
compounds are known
carcinogenic. It is also
corrosive.
•
)
(
,
•
•
,
:
13
FLAME
FLAME RETARDANT
RETARDANT
Flame retardants
-
• are chemical compounds that
can be incorporated into
materials or applied by sprays
to prevent burning.
• The listed flame retardants are
persistent in the environment
and are suspected of affecting
the immune system.
,
-
(
),
,
,
-
14
FLAME
FLAME RETARDANT
RETARDANT
Flame retardants
Polybrominated biphenyls
(PBBs)
Bromobiphenyls
Dibromobiphenyls
Tribromobiphenyls
Tetrabromobiphenyls
Pentabromobiphenyls
Hexabromobiphenyls
Heptabromobiphenyls
Octabromobiphenyls
Nonabromobiphenyls
Decabromobiphenyl
Polybrominated Diphenyl
Ethers (PBDEs)
Bromodiphenyl ethers
Dibromodiphenyl ethers
Tribromodiphenyl ethers
Tetrabromodiphenyl ethers
Pentabromodiphenyl ethers
Hexabromodiphenyl ethers
Heptabromodiphenyl ethers
Octabromodiphenyl ethers
Nonabromodiphenyl ethers
Decabromodiphenyl ether
COMMISSION DECISION Exempt DecaBDE in polymeric
of 15 October 2005 - (2005/717/EC)
(2005 10
15 )
15
–
–
–
16
3
RoHS – How to Show
Compliance??
17
RoHS
RoHS –– HOW
HOW TO
TO SHOW
SHOW COMPLIANCE??
COMPLIANCE??
Approach
•
Self-declaration: Due Diligence
How do you demonstrate compliance?
Recommendations
•
Clean up the supply chain (under control)
•
•
•
» Parts / component – Tier II
»
» Raw materials – Tier III
»
Steps
–
»
» Contract Manufacturer – Tier I
–
–
•
1. Understand requirements – range of
restricted substances, test methods
»
2. Review risk : raw materials (BOM,
impurities, etc.) / suppliers
»
3. Inspect management systems – GAP
from WEEE/RoHS
»
–
^^Design programs (TCF, GPMS,
Database, Control System, etc.)^^
18
Tracking materials declarations
and associated test reports
Materials & components
Per ERA of UK
Need to compile
Technical
Compliance Files
(RoHS Technical
File)
Sub Assemblies
-
- produced within
“2 weeks” when
requested
by authority
-
Products
Plus selected
Analysis
Technical file
19
RoHS
RoHS Document
Document
In coming documents:
• Certificate of compliance
•
• Test reports, incl. Test
•
from suppliers
methods
• Material declaration
•
»
» BOM with CAS #
» Component
construction
»
» Production methods
»
» MSDS, if needed
»
• Factory evaluation reports
•
20
Tracking materials declarations
and associated test reports
TCF Process
Materials & components
In essence
• no RoHS toxics in EEE
RoHS
EEE
• Preparation of a Technical Document
• Keep for 4 years
Sub Assemblies
-
4
• Prepare product to be tested by authority
• Due diligence defence
• demonstrate taking all reasonable stepsProducts
• information provided by others must be verified
• Extended liability
Plus selected
Analysis
Technical file
21
4
RoHS Testing Method
RoHS
22
Instruments/
Instruments/ Capabilities
Capabilities
Screening Methodology (solid phase analysis)
XRF:
-
Non-destructive test, qualitative and quantitative analysis
FTIR:
-
Non-destructive test, qualitative analysis
Precise Methodology (wet chemistry testings)
ICP-AES, ICP-MS & AAS:
•
Destructive test, sample pre-treatment needed, quantitative element
analysis
GC/MS & LC/DAD/MS:
•
Destructive test, sample pre-treatment needed, quantitative organic
analysis
23
RoHS
RoHS Test
Test Method
Method
RoHS
RoHS
(Cd),
EN 1122
(Cadmium)
AAS or ICP-OES
EPA 3050B
(Lead)
AAS or ICP-OES
EPA 3052
(Mercury)
VGA-AAS or ICP-OES
EPA 3060A
EPA 8270
(Pb),
(Hg),
(Chrome VI)
(Cr) &
(Br)
XRF
UV-visible
PBBs/PBDEs)
GC/MS
Draft IEC 62321, Ed. 1 (IEC TC 111 WG 3)
24
Tracking materials declarations
and associated test reports
ICP
ICP
Supplier Testing
Materials & components
ICP XRF
In-house
IQC checking
Traditional wet chemistry
offers a precise and accurate
data for compliance filing.
Sub Assemblies
-
XRF offers a quick and costeffective method for
compliance checking.
Products
ICP
At FQC, XRF screen.
Release shipment quickly.
,
XRF
Plus selected
Analysis
Technical file
25
Test
Test Methodology
Methodology
Screening
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)
Cadmium (Cd)
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Chromium (Cr)
Bromine (Br)
26
Test
Test Methodology
Methodology
XRF
What is XRF?
XRF?
X-Ray Flourescence Spectrometry
XPrinciple? – solid state – no wet chemistry preparation step needed
?–
–
Lead
Cadmium
Mercury
Chromium
Bromine
27
Testing
Testing Method
Method –– XRF
XRF
Sample in
Samples Separation
Cutting / Milling Sample into Small
Pieces
Scanning by XRF
28
XRF RoHS Screening
XRF
XRF MAPPING
MAPPING SCREENING
SCREENING
Br
29
30
Sample In
Heavy
Heavy Metal
Metal Testing
Testing -- Pb,
Pb, Cd,
Cd, Hg
Hg &
& CrVI
CrVI
--
,,
,,
Identify
material type
METALS
PLASTICS
CERAMICS
Aqua Regia
Digestion, add
H2O2, if needed
Microwave
Digestion
HNO3 / H2O2
Microwave
Digestion
HNO3 / H2O2 / HF
No
Cr > 1000
ppm
Cr = PASS
REPORT
ICP
RESULTS
YES
Use alkaline
digestion then UV
analysis
Pb, Hg & Cd = ICP Results
REPORT
UV
RESULTS
31
Flame
Flame Retardants
Retardants Testing
Testing -- PBBs
PBBs &
& PBDEs
PBDEs
Flame retardant
Sample in
Cut samples into small pieces
Extraction
Filter the extract
GC - MS
32
5
Sample Dissembling
33
Substances
Substances ban
ban
Homogeneous Materials
Definition
• Homogeneous material means a
•
• “Homogeneous” means "of
• “
unit that cannot be mechanically
disjointed in single materials.
uniform composition
throughout", so examples of
"homogeneous materials" would
be individual types of plastics,
ceramics, glass, metals, alloys,
paper, board, resins and coatings
• “Mechanically disjointed” means
“
• “
”
”
“
”
”
that the materials can be, in
principle, separated by
mechanical actions such as
unscrewing, cutting, crushing,
grinding and abrasive processes
34
RoHS
RoHS Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling Analysis
Analysis
Component /
Finished Product
/
Metal
Organic
Coating
Plastic
Fabric /
Paper /
Adhesive /
Glue
/
/
/
Ceramic/
Glass
/
Battery
Battery is not included in RoHS control, it
should apply with Battery Directive 91/157/EEC
& 98/101/EC
RoHS
,
91/157/EEC &
98/101/EEC
35
Sample
Sample Breakdown
Breakdown
Material Breakdown
Hazardous substances come from different
sources. To identify its source and
concentration, sample has to be broken
down into different parts until becoming a
homogeneous material.
1. End product has to be broken down to its
materials.
2. Homogenous materials will be classified.
36
Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling –– Components
Components
Transistor
Glue
Terminal
Resistor
Diode
Epoxy
Wire jacket
Chip resistor
37
Sample
Sample Preparation
Preparation
Mechanical processing
•Sample -
Must be homogenous material
•
(Polymer, Copper,…)
•Cutting Electronic components 4x4 cm,
…
•
x
Polymer 5x5mm
•Rough grinding Grind until passing through an
1 mm sieve
•Homogenized Samples after the rough
grinding are mixed evenly
x
•
•
•
•Fine grinding Grind into fine powder by
Freezer mill (if needed).
38
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Printed
Printed Circuit
Circuit Board
Board
Sample Dissembling:
Different Color!
1. Green Coating
2. Brown Epoxy Resin
Silvery Solder
39
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Printed
Printed Circuit
Circuit Board
Board
Conducting wire
Solder
40
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Capacitor
Capacitor
Silver
Metal Foil
Brown
Fabric
Separator
Black
Rubber
Silver
Metal
Can
Silver
Metal Part
Black
Plastic
41
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Speaker
Speaker
Black
Plastic
Dull Yellow Metal
Black Metal
(Magnet)
Transparent
Plastic
Yellow Metal
w/ Coating
42
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Switch
Switch
Silver Metal
Housing
Black
Plastic
Brown
Plastic
Silver
Metal
Brown
Metal
43
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Capacitor
Capacitor
1. Green
Plastic
(Body)
2.
Transparent
Plastic
(Interior)
3. Silver
Metal
(Interior)
4. Silver
Metal
Connector
44
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- IC
IC
2. Silver
Metal Pin
1. Black
Plastic (Body)
3. Silver
Chip
(Interior)
45
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- LED
LED
1.Transparent
Plastic (Body)
2. Silver Metal
(Connector) & Reflector
Cup (Interior)
46
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Small
Small Transformer
Transformer
4. Silver
Metal
Connector
3. Yellow Copper
Wire (Thin)
5. Dk Grey EShape Metal
6. Black Plastic
(Casing)
2. Yellow Copper
Wire (Thick)
1. Yellow Plastic
Tape
47
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Switch
Switch
6. Brown Metal
Contact Plate
1. Black Plastic
(Push Button)
2. Silver Metal
Housing
5. Dk Grey Metal
Spring (Large /
Small)
8.White Plastic
(Interior)
9. Silver Metal (Ring) 7. Grey Metal
(Interior)
3. Black Plastic
Housing
4. Silver
Metal
(Connector)
48
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Transistor
Transistor
1. Silver Metal
(Housing)
2. Dk Grey
Ceramic (Body)
3. Silver Metal
(Connector)
49
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Transformer
Transformer
50
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Transformer
Transformer
51
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Transformer
Transformer
1. Black plastic case w/. white prints
2. White label /black prints
3. Silver metal plug pin
4. Yellow foam
5.Golden/Silver connecting wire (socket)
6. Black cable jacket
7. Black/ White cable jacket
8. Black cable fittings
9. Silver metal plug
10. Black plastic ring
11. White wire inside
12. Bronze wire inside
13. Blue cable jacket
14. Bronze wire inside blue cable
15. White jacket inside blue cable
52
16. Grey E-shape metal
Examples
Examples for
for Sample
Sample Dissembling
Dissembling
-- Transformer
Transformer
17. Transparent tube
18. Blue plastic tape
19. Green plastic tape
20. Brown plastic tape
21. Pale-yellow plastic tape
22. Silver metal pin
23. Greyish White Capacitor
24. Bronze metal wire (Thick)
25. Bronze metal wire (Thin)
26. Cream plastic (Case)
53
RoHS
205 days left
54
DUE DILIGENCE
Control System
Testing
TCF
55
Thank You!
!
56